Synopsis: Employment & working conditions:


NESTA Digital Social Innovation report.pdf.txt

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributionnoncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License Principal investigator and main author

and works through a combination of research, investments networks, grant funding and practical support to innovators

Senior Expert (Advisor) Digital Social Innovation 4 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe

One example of the potential in mobilising citizens to create collective knowledge is done the work by Cancer Research UK

for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme As shown in this research, Europe has pioneered a reasonably comprehensive set of

challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has iden -tified, mapped and engaged communities that are constructing the emerging Digital

under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme and in particular, but not limited to the Collective Awareness Platforms

Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science

economies work †for example, valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born

Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting

-work where bgiegie owners could share the data they were collecting. Safecast then worked with hackerspaces and used

and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the public domain, such as Communia. These activities are favouring a

The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Open

Standards, the P2p foundation, that works on promoting peer-to-peer practices, and the Iot Council, promoting an open

The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures, and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting

-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of

Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop

sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi bottom-up-broadband, distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures

-works that incorporate a wide variety of wired and wireless links, nodes, routing, applica -tions and users.

The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users†and websites†traffic

accountability and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories

examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,

as is the work by the social innovation research project COMMUNIA. The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public domain is an international association

open research works, is FLOK Society in Ecuador 45growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe

The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware

OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL

Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation

OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL

Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation

strategy of case study interviews, work -shops and events relevant to these com -munities, we have identified DSI actors as

-works in more depth than disconnected social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in de

-works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam and Fab Lab Barcelona.

-works and new ways of making. The col -laborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest †but

work together would strengthen the over -all resilience of DSI in Europe by com -bining open hardware, open data, open

-ing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things To provide a synthetic overview, we cat

The work -shop brought together over 70 DSI prac -titioners, researchers, experts, and poliy makers from different European coun

-tries, as it was very important for the DSI research projectâ to facilitate this kind of

first won†t work. But it†s only through the process of constant idea creation that you

As outcome of the DSI policy work shop we have designed a Bottom-up Policy Toolkit for practicioners and policy mak

employees etc What they were trying to achieve with their service, including any evidence they have

their work What the biggest barriers were that they faced and how to address them (through

It is important that you leave at least half of the time for participants to ask questions

what works (and what doesn†t). Finally it†s important to acknowledge that policy may not be able to solve some problems

new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.

-ticular public institutions and work done with public money †should be open and transparent

of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living from their creativity) and the interests of society (access to

networks and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces

-ment policy experts Engaging citizens and nonprofits to find new ideas These labs focus on opening up government to voices and ideas from outside the sys

of the Singaporean Civil service, PS21 has created systemic interventions such the Staff Suggestion Scheme that creates an opportunity for any public officer to directly submit

key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed and how

•Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context •Quantitative responses to the idea, for example survey potential users to test

tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work, from user

The work done by Wikiprogress is exploring new digital tools for including people in relation to what should be measured through the development of indicators, as well

statistical sources for measuring input (such as firm level micro data, R&d statistics, labour force survey), which could evolve

the rest of the EU. Identify specific social challenges (such as health, employment, urban regeneration and care) facing countries

Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG; Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation

Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe 2020

beautiful design work Thank you to the projects Advisory Group who have been generous in sharing their own experience from working with

We would also like to thank the experts from around Europe who attended our DSI policy workshop in Brussels on

numerous experts in the Europe and internationally, some of them are researchers or commentators, others are


new_technology_mobile.pdf.txt

colleagues solving workplace problems utilising their own processes of sharing, reflection and facilitation e g.,, Zuber-Skerritt, 1993), an approach that contrasts with traditional professional development that

development and IT experts, met fortnightly for planning and monitoring, and communication with the team and project reference group was enhanced with the creation of a bimonthly bulletin.

experts, and location of best practice exemplars in HE •Preliminary planning of workshops •Preparation and

problem rather than draw on outside experts to advise on †correct†procedures Each teacher used one or more mobile devices in depth,

Using scenarios for staff development with mobile technologies. In Proceedings of mlearn: Making the connections. 6th International

Where does staff development fit in the educational technology landscape? In Hello! Where are you in the landscape of

Preparatory staff development issues. In ICT: Providing choices for learners and learning, Proceedings ascilite Singapore 2007

A teaching gimmick that works. Developmental Cell, 7, 796-798 Wood, J.,Keen, A.,Basu, N,


NHS Prescription Services - the impace of legacy ICT - National Audit Office UK 2013.pdf.txt

which employs some 860 staff. The C&ag certifies the accounts of all government departments and many other public sector bodies

and our work led to audited savings of almost £1. 2 billion in 2012 Our vision is to help the nation spend wisely

Department for Work and Pensions using the 26 year old Pension Strategy Computer system ï The Value Added Tax (VAT) service operated by HM Revenue

3. 4 The Authority works to a target to process 97.5 per cent of items accurately.

using the number of staff employed to operate the service and the Authority does not

differences in the number of staff used to deliver and operate the two systems The business case for the CIP system

contract price and the cost of internal staff supporting the ICT system 20 Part Four NHS Prescription Services:

require further development to add the business rules for the work-load currently handled by the legacy system.

4. 20 There are around 11 full-time equivalent staff who operate the legacy system with a small number of standby staff available to cover for absences and emergencies

The staff we met are typically long-serving and experienced, and reliance is placed upon this experience to sustain service levels rather than more formal training

4. 21 A good level of support is provided to the staff users with a change-controlled

operating manual that contains business rules for processing drugs, and a comprehensive and frequently updated drug catalogue for drug codes and prices

Staff performance is monitored and captured by both systems This enables managers to effectively track the performance of their staff and manage

issues appropriately 4. 22 A large IT support team is necessary due to the diversity and complexity of the

although at the time of our study, staff were still waiting for a date for the move.

Senior management ownership of IT risk leads to proactive decisions being made regarding the replacement or retention of

ï Interviews with financial and operational staff ï Analysis of investment and spend data ï Analysis of service performance and service reporting data

and contract management staff, technical stakeholders and representatives from suppliers ï Document review of ICT and contracting strategies, reviews of the ICT estate, technical

ï Semi structured interviews with corporate service leaders, senior technical staff, system users drawn from staff and representatives from the suppliers

ï Data and document review that encompassed key contracts, technical and design documentation management information, minutes from service

Internal workforce The staff responsible for the ongoing operation of the legacy system have the necessary skills

Recruitment, retention and development activities are aligned with the needs of the service and its customers

6 Department for Work and Pensions: The introduction of the Work Programme January 2012 7 Department for Work and Pensions:

Child Maintenance and Enforcement Commission: cost reduction, February 2012 8 HM Revenue & Customs: The Compliance and Enforcement Programme, March

2012 Back-office systems 9 Department for Business, Innovation and Skills: Shared services in the Research

apprenticeships, February 2012 Policies and strategies for information and technology and business 14 Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs and the Animal Health and


OECD _ ICT, E-BUSINESS AND SMEs_2004.pdf.txt

from the work undertaken on this topic. These messages and recommendations provide material from which governments may draw in promoting innovative SMES in the global economy

providing the framework to encourage ICT skill formation at higher levels, in vocational training and in

consultation services and employee and management training to enhance ICT and managerial skills Policies have shifted over time as firms

most small firms, including micro-enterprises with fewer than ten employees, now have at least one

customer databases with a history of client-specific correspondence help managers and employees to respond more effectively to customers.

employees†professional experience, for example tips for winning a contract, from which others in the firm can learn (Box 1

3. In this document, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) are firms with fewer than 250 employees unless

Micro firms are usually those with fewer than ten employees 4. In this document, unless otherwise indicated, the terms â€oeelectronic commerceâ€

employees and among employees in part because the personnel†s daily routine tends to be extremely busy

professional experience, such as know-how for winning a contract, can be stored electronically and thus available to be shared within the company.

A Japanese company with 40 employees, which previously recorded sales representatives†field experience in written reports, has developed a marketing database,

Another firm with 40 employees, has established a company-wide intranet with an on-line BBS (bulletin

board system) which all employees can access and in which customers†claims and inquiries are

and employees for responding to customer inquiries, but also make business processes and knowledge accumulation more efficient.

Through their Web site, SMES can attract potential investors and persons seeking employment from abroad by providing information on their technologies and financial positions (e g. balance sheets.

Canadian manufacturing establishments (plants) with ten or more employees (excluding food processing establishments) drawn from Statistics Canada†s Business Register, shows that those with high productivity

e-commerce on their turnover and profitability and to a lesser extent on employment, most notably when e-commerce is part of larger business strategies of firms (OECD, 2002a.

Further work by researchers in 13 OECD countries based on large scale statistical surveys provides evidence that the use of ICT can

inefficiency in the use of capital and labour, e g. by reducing inventories, and that the more customers or

countries, Internet penetration rates for medium-sized firms (50-249 employees) are the same and

sometimes higher than for larger firms (more than 250 employees), with penetration rates of over 80

Small firms (10-49 employees) have a slightly lower penetration rate between 60%and 90%(Figure 1). Even in micro-enterprises, the penetration rate is nearly 60%in most

500 employees, suggests that firm performance, as measured by profit or sales, is associated not with computer

defence, education, private households employing staff and religious organisations. Canada includes the industrial sector Japan excludes agriculture, forestry, fisheries and mining.

Note 2. For Canada, 50-299 employees instead of 50-249 and 300 or more instead of 250 or more.

100 or more employees. For The netherlands, 50-199 employees instead of 50-249. For Switzerland, 5-49 employees

instead of 10-49 and 5 or more employees instead of 10 or more. For Mexico, Businesses with 21 or more employees, 21

-100 employees instead of 10-49,101-250 instead of 50-249,151-1000 instead of 250 or more Note 3. Internet and other computer-mediated networks

Source: OECD, ICT database and Eurostat, Community Survey on ICT usage in enterprises 2002, May 2003

Data available from surveys in some countries indicate that SMES use the Internet (and e-mail

for better external communications and as a means of obtaining business information. In Japan, the most

Web site, order exchanges with regular customers, recruitment and receiving customer feedback. Some SMES purchase some standard materials, office equipment and software over the Internet,

fewer than 250 employees in Lanarkshire (Scotland) shows a similar pattern of Internet use. Around 60

Percentage of responses of 1 700 SMES with 300 or fewer employees using the Internet as of August 2001

Percentage of businesses with ten or more employees 0 20 40 60 80 100 De

2. All businesses with 50 and more employees 3. Use, orders received and placed refer to Internet and other computer-mediated networks

70%of firms with 250 or more employees reported on-line purchases, as compared to about 30%of small

firms (10-49 employees) and 50%of medium-sized firms (50-249 employees. In other OECD countries

1. All businesses with 50 or more employees 2. Orders received or placed over the Internet and other computer-mediated networks

2001, selling over the Internet by micro-enterprises with 5-9 employees declined from 16%to 13%and by

firms with 10-49 employees from 21%to 18, %while the number of firms with 50-249 employees selling

on line rose from 17%to 20%.%In Norway, only 12%of micro-enterprises with 5-9 employees engaged in

on-line sales in 2001, down from 21%in 1999, while 28%of firms with 50-249 employees and one-third

of firms with 250 or more employees had on-line sales in 2001, and shares for larger firms are increasing

OECD, 2002c Most Internet e-commerce transactions are domestic rather than cross-border transactions Figure 6). The Eurostat†s E-commerce Pilot Survey indicates that European companies mainly sell over

Businesses with more than 250 employees 0 5 10 15 20 25 >1%>2%>5%>10%>25%>50

Businesses with 10-49 employees 0 5 10 15 20 25 >1%>2%>5%>10%>25%>50

A recent survey of SMES with fewer than 250 employees in 19 European countries shows that around 40%do not use the Internet for selling

Micro f irms w ith 0-9 employees Small f irms w ith 10-49 employees

Medium firms w ith 50-249 employees Note: Percentage of 1 427 firms with fewer than 250 employees not using the Internet in 19 countries (15 EU member

states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland Source: European commission (2002a In sectors such as construction and among some small retailers, the view that Internet

e-commerce is unsuitable for their business is relatively strong. A study of 20 small construction

contractors in Australia with 2-45 employees suggests that small firms in this industry have been not only

firm with 90 employees and an emphasis on personal contact with clients decided not to adopt the Internet

A study of small ICT companies with 3-80 employees suggests that the Internet was adopted by

Ni-roku is a Japanese magnet manufacturer with 12 employees, which was established in 1940 In September 1997, an employee created the company†s Web site (www. 26magnet. co. jp.

By 2000, annual e-commerce sales of magnet products via the site had reached already more than USD 700 000, and the site

In 1996 a company employee bought a personal computer at his own expense to use the Internet

The professional advice of IT and e-business consultants can help them, but SMES may not easily have access to them because of relatively high cost

1-9 employees or the self-employed, may adopt a simple Web site without any e-commerce function if the

generate excessive workload in terms of staff time. In fact, some small shop owners, especially those that outsource Web page design and updating, have found it difficult to contain site development costs which

SMES with 10-249 employees in Austria, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal and the United

Percentage of businesses with ten or more employees using the Internet 0 10 20 30

study of 12 Canadian high-technology SMES, most with fewer than 90 employees, showed that these firms

Percentage of businesses using a computer with ten or more employees 0 5 10 15

Finding staff with e -commerce expertise 20 20.3 20.0 34.3 32.2 34.2 21.9 9. 2

SMES are those with 25-250 employees, large are those with more than 250 employees. The survey sample sizes are:

Singapore 105 establishments classified as SME and 97 as large firms Brazil, 98 SMES and 102 large firms;

firms with 10-49 employees indicated national differences in consumer protection as the most important

firms (small defined as less than 250 employees. Small firms were less positive about confidence factors

Percentage of responses of firms with fewer than 250 employees using the Internet in 19 countries (15 EU

information and promotion. In the United states, where on-line travel sales grew rapidly from USD 400 million in 1997 to USD 22.7 billion in 2002, they still only represented 10%of total travel sales

an average of six employees per agency. On the other hand, the number of potential customers, some of

) Another textile producer with 300 employees does not use the Web for buying and selling because

West country Violins, with three employees in East Devon (United kingdom), is run by a husband and wife, Brian and Felicity Ward-Smith, who purchase, restore

ongoing work programme of the Consumer Policy Committee on ADR issues, and take into account initiatives in other international organisations and d the private sector

employees. Prize and award programmes may give high visibility and publicity to the best users but may

next steps, offers access to experts and encourages implementation of e-business strategies The SME E-business Information Toolkit provides step-by-step guidance.

works closely with the E-business Opportunities Roundtable, a private sector initiative, on a series of regional events to help SMES understand

Private consultants analyse participants†companies and develop an action plan for them. Each company is allowed 2-5 consultation days

consultant fees Ireland PRISM initiative Using the positive experiences of local SMES as a catalyst for further e-business adoption, the

National branches and 250 consultants help SMES and entrepreneurs prepare and implement their ICT action plan.

Kingdom, e-business advisers have provided small firms with free advice and assistance on the effective use of ICT in 70 centres across 12 regions designated for the UK Online for Business programme.

Finland, the easkel programme covers 85%of direct consultant fees for SMES participating in management training that allows two to five expert consulting days to develop an e-business action plan

Training Competence factors including internal ICT knowledge and e-business management capabilities are crucial for successful adoption,

recognition of the importance for small business managers and employees of ICT applications and required

offers both on-line access to ICT training and off-line consultation with trained staff at local Learndirect

Forem†s Web site provides a meeting place for businesses (e g. job vacancy advertising), a list of training programmes and aids for training

Spain A programme is designed for micro-enterprises (fewer than 20 employees) in small towns with a special emphasis on training in the use of the Internet, e-mail and new management

and employees to tailor their learning according to their immediate needs. Service users can contact the trained staff in local Learndirect centre for

consultation United states Business Information Centres etc At a state level, various training services are available.

of Retired Executives (SCORE), consisting of retired business people, offers training as well as free business consultation

•Training programmes for SME managers and employees focusing on both technical and managerial skills need to be provided in cooperation with business and sector organisations

managers and employees are focused increasingly on both technical (ICT) and managerial â€oee-businessâ€) skills designed to improve abilities to benefit from e-business strategies


Online services, including e-commerce, in the Single Market.pdf.txt

Staff Working Document to present its evaluation of the implementation of the E-commerce Directive (hereafter:

social market economy, 50 proposals for improving our work, business and exchanges with one another hereafter †Towards a Single Market Actâ€) COM (2010) 608,27. 10.2010, available at

The detailed analysis included in this Staff Working Document and the Communication is partly based on the results of an open public consultation carried out between August and

This Staff Working Document also draws on other sources of information available e g studies, participation in conferences, interviews with stakeholders and the deliberations of the

The Staff Working Document is not legally binding and does not constitute Commission guidelines The second annex to the Communication identifies the latest trends in business-to-consumer

than ISS because it includes telecoms) has accounted for 25%of net job creation and growth 19 Forrester consulting, May 2009, Study on"A Single Market for Information Society

33 Commission Staff Working Paper, Telemedicine for the benefit of patients, healthcare systems and society

the requirement to demonstrate professional qualifications and good repute, to provide specific financial guarantees, or to obtain a licence and meet the conditions for that

acquis has promoted the cross-border availability of copyright protected works. Many other stakeholders took the opposite view

"commercial"or not leaves room for divergent interpretations as well 48 ECC-Net, Online Cross-border Mystery Shopping:

Article 9 (2) of the ECD leaves Member States the option of excluding certain categories of

Annex II of the Staff Working Document contains a list of national measures transposing the Directive

employment, GDP, or the value added of electronic commerce activities The information society services financed by advertising

In 2005, the Commission established an expert group on electronic commerce. 80 The expert group is composed of representatives of the Member States, in principle the national points of

Commission services consider the expert group a good forum for the exchange of views experiences and best practices amongst the Member States and between them and the

and the e-commerce expert group has led not to a well-functioning system of notifications of national administrative and judicial decisions

liability regime strikes a balance between the several interests at stake, in particular between the development of intermediary services, the societal interest that illegal information is taken

"This Directive strikes a balance between the different interests at stake and establishes principles upon

however, be recalled that this Staff Working Document is not legally binding, does not create any new legislative rules

service particularly known for sharing pirated works, was not a hosting service provider •The Stockholm District Court103, without providing details of its argumentation

of this Staff Working Document for a more detailed description •The Finnish Act on provision of information society services (transposing the E

•The french HADOPI law provides for a so called"three strike"procedure for copyright infringements whereby, following a notice,

files containing a musical, cinematographic or audiovisual work in respect of which the applicant claims to hold intellectual property rights, with a view to blocking the

This Staff Working Document does not cover infrastructure but deals with regulatory obstacles which still need to be addressed within the Single Market.

independent supervisor for an online trader to meet the trustmark's requirements (including creditworthiness, security mechanisms, price transparency, provision of information, customer

policy makers, stakeholders and experts to carefully analyse the implementation process for setting up the EU trustmark scheme. 149

such as pirated or counterfeited works, information about both up-and downloaders needs to be shared between the right holders and intermediaries

This Communication will be complemented by a Staff 175 Directive 2011/62/EU of the European parliament and of the Council of 8 june 2011 amending Directive

As outlined in the Staff Working Document"Bringing e-commerce benefits to consumers "accompanying the Communication on e-commerce,

It includes practical examples showing how the Directive works. The guidelines must evolve in response to the input received from national enforcers, the

presence for the registration of a TLD could be a restriction to the freedom to provide services Art. 56 TFEU) and might also be in breach of the E-commerce Directive (Article 3 (2

importantly, online service providers adapt works according to the linguistic and cultural tastes of each country in an attempt to maximise economic returns e g. film distributors

justifying a restriction to the free movement of services (Article 56 TFEU. However, where a premium is 72

legal framework for the multi-territorial licensing of musical works for online services will encourage the uptake of new business models that provide online services to

Provisions on freedom to provide services impose obligations on the Member States but do not prohibit market players, such as FAPL, from imposing territorial restrictions in commercial agreements

digitisation and making available of"orphan works"."198 Orphan works are works such as books, newspapers or films that are protected still by copyright but whose

copyright holders are known not or cannot be traced. Therefore, the right holders cannot be contacted to give their permission for libraries and archives to digitise their

works and make them available online. The lack of a common EU framework on orphan works is a particular obstacle to the development of European large-scale

digital libraries. As part of its efforts towards the creation of digital libraries, the Commission brokered a Memorandum of Understanding with Key Principles between

They differ from orphan works in that their right holders (authors and publishers) are known. 199 3. The proper functioning of the Internal Market requires the development of a durable

-protected works is collected in the form of levies on recording media or recording equipment (photocopiers, printers, Mp3 players, CDS and DVDS etc..

online distribution of audiovisual works on 13 july 2011 which was open until 18 November 2011.201 On the basis of the results of the public consultation, the

works, COM (2011) 289 final, 24.05.2011, available at http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/docs/orphan-works/proposal en. pdf

199 See for more details European commission, Memorandum of Understanding: Key Principles on the Digitisation and Making Available of Out-of-Commerce Works, 20.09.2011, available at

http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/copyright-infso/copyright-infso en. htm#mou 200 On 23 november 2011, Mr. Antã nio Vitorino, former European Commissioner for Justice and Home

and their work is crucial in Europe's pluralistic and democratic society. Protecting author's rights for journalists and ensuring that they maintain a say

over how their works are exploited is central to maintaining independent, high-quality and professional journalism. Publishers play an important role in disseminating the

work of writers, journalists, researchers, scientists, photographers and other creators The Commission believes it important to safeguard the rights that journalists and

publishers have over the use of their works on the Internet, in particular in view of the

wider scope, the text agreed between the co-legislators leaves (essentially) unchanged the Directives on Unfair Contract Terms and Consumer Sales and Guarantees

-mentioned report and the preparation of this Staff Working Paper show that these business practices can affect electronic commerce as much as their"brick and mortar"competitors and

for the promotion of e-invoicing. In turn, the Commission established a â€oeeuropean Multi -Stakeholder Forum on e-invoicing†to identify common hurdles

consultant, regarding the cross-border provision of parcel delivery services, with a specific focus on the alleged price differences between cross-border and domestic parcel services.

Commission work on collective redress at the EU level is scheduled in the Commission Work Programme for

Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Commission work

Although this Staff Working Document does not cover networks and infrastructure, it is obvious that a clear relationship exists between these networks

306 Commission Staff Working Document, Accompanying document to the Green Paper on the future of VAT

One of the achievements of this work programme is notably the so-called"e-commerce moratorium"(WTO members will not charge import duties on

The work programme has been ongoing since 1998 and covers all trade related aspects of e-commerce

-protected work -IPR holder -nature infringement -location infringing material -declaration that content is terrorism-related

relevant work -infringement statement -description of infringement including file name -copyright statement -date and time


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