significant adverse impacts on employment and incomes. Government debt has increased from 25%GDP in 2007 to 125%in 2013, fourth highest ratio of government debt to GDP in the
cent in Q2 2013 with total unemployment having almost tripled 2 since 2007 Ireland was subject to a macroeconomic adjustment programme until December 2013
Competitiveness, as measured by unit labour costs has improved markedly although this partly reflects sectoral composition effects due to labour
shedding in low-skilled sectors, such as construction, and the strong performance of the high 1 General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP.
2 Unemployment rose from 4. 5 per cent in Q4 2007 to 12.8 per cent in Q4 2013.
which accounts for more than 70%of private employment, is constrained by high property -related debt, and has faced several years of weak profitability.
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
the Government is focused on maintaining the reform momentum to achieve the goals of creating more jobs to
and ultimately to achieve full employment. This will, in turn, create resources for the delivery of a sustainable, adequate and reformed system of social supports
The 2014 Action Plan sets out how the Government will continue to work to build and sustain
employment growth ï¿Ireland†s enterprise policy is focused on the core planks of productivity and innovation
sustainable platform for growth and job creation ï¿Ireland†s enterprise policy embraces start-ups, Irish owned firms (both nationally and
There is a strong focus on intensifying promotion of entrepreneurship and the scaling of Irish owned firms, further developing Ireland†s proposition for FDI in the
and create employment for a range of occupations, across a number of sectors involved in services and
of growth, firm survival, innovation, employment creation, technological change, productivity increases and exports 5 •A number of start-ups will internationalise at an early stage including what
•Social enterprises also provide employment opportunities and contribute to the social fabric of local communities,
and retaining employment in rural areas. However, the enterprise base in a priority area typically spans more than one region and research and development needs in companies are
The group carried out the bulk of its work in 2011. The high level objectives of the prioritisation exercise were outlined in the RPSG€ s Terms
deliver economic return through enterprise development, employment growth and job retention in Ireland •The process was expected to identify 10-20 priority areas/challenges †the final number
public sector organisations and advisory bodies and the Chief Scientific Adviser to The irish Government. The group was chaired by a senior industry figure.
which also supported the work of the Steering Group and assembled the evidence base upon which the findings
A significant input to the work of the Steering Group was background studies commissioned by
The work of the Steering group took account of complementary developments at EU level and
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are
set out in the Table 1 below 14 Table 1: Thematic Working groups TWG Title Scope of TWG
s and the consultants prepared detailed assessment of each of the proposed areas using a
•Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
The PAG, through its ongoing work, provides a forum for coordination and alignment of the
•Promotion of partnerships between MNCS and indigenous firms involved in research centres •Joined up approach to promotion of strategic international engagement and collaboration
by The irish research community •Emphasis on realising impact from state-funded research in line with the recently
•recruitment initiatives to attract iconic research leaders to Ireland, including support for the development and attraction of European Research Council (ERC
Ireland†s labour force capacity Discover Programme The Discover Programme (formerly Discover Science and Engineering), managed by SFI, aims
employment in the knowledge economy Enterprise Ireland •Provides direct supports for R&d activity within Irish firms, and supports for
•Supports Technology Transfer Strengthening by funding dedicated staff within the Universities to ensure that best use is made of research outputs with commercial
3 years (Sales of â 1m per annum and employment of 10 IDA Ireland IDA Ireland programmes provide the basis for winning new FDI investment projects.
The employment outlook for the sector depends critically on addressing domestic competitiveness factors and a favourable
significant adverse impacts on employment and incomes. Government debt has increased from 25%GDP in 2007 to 125%in 2013, fourth highest ratio of government debt to GDP in the
cent in Q2 2013 with total unemployment having almost tripled 2 since 2007 Ireland was subject to a macroeconomic adjustment programme until December 2013
Competitiveness, as measured by unit labour costs has improved markedly although this partly reflects sectoral composition effects due to labour
shedding in low-skilled sectors, such as construction, and the strong performance of the high 1 General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP.
2 Unemployment rose from 4. 5 per cent in Q4 2007 to 12.8 per cent in Q4 2013.
which accounts for more than 70%of private employment, is constrained by high property -related debt, and has faced several years of weak profitability.
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
the Government is focused on maintaining the reform momentum to achieve the goals of creating more jobs to
and ultimately to achieve full employment. This will, in turn, create resources for the delivery of a sustainable, adequate and reformed system of social supports
The 2014 Action Plan sets out how the Government will continue to work to build and sustain
employment growth ï¿Ireland†s enterprise policy is focused on the core planks of productivity and innovation
sustainable platform for growth and job creation ï¿Ireland†s enterprise policy embraces start-ups, Irish owned firms (both nationally and
There is a strong focus on intensifying promotion of entrepreneurship and the scaling of Irish owned firms, further developing Ireland†s proposition for FDI in the
and create employment for a range of occupations, across a number of sectors involved in services and
of growth, firm survival, innovation, employment creation, technological change, productivity increases and exports 5 •A number of start-ups will internationalise at an early stage including what
•Social enterprises also provide employment opportunities and contribute to the social fabric of local communities,
and retaining employment in rural areas. However, the enterprise base in a priority area typically spans more than one region and research and development needs in companies are
The group carried out the bulk of its work in 2011. The high level objectives of the prioritisation exercise were outlined in the RPSG€ s Terms
deliver economic return through enterprise development, employment growth and job retention in Ireland •The process was expected to identify 10-20 priority areas/challenges †the final number
public sector organisations and advisory bodies and the Chief Scientific Adviser to The irish Government. The group was chaired by a senior industry figure.
which also supported the work of the Steering Group and assembled the evidence base upon which the findings
A significant input to the work of the Steering Group was background studies commissioned by
The work of the Steering group took account of complementary developments at EU level and
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are
set out in the Table 1 below 14 Table 1: Thematic Working groups TWG Title Scope of TWG
s and the consultants prepared detailed assessment of each of the proposed areas using a
•Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
The PAG, through its ongoing work, provides a forum for coordination and alignment of the
•Promotion of partnerships between MNCS and indigenous firms involved in research centres •Joined up approach to promotion of strategic international engagement and collaboration
by The irish research community •Emphasis on realising impact from state-funded research in line with the recently
•recruitment initiatives to attract iconic research leaders to Ireland, including support for the development and attraction of European Research Council (ERC
Ireland†s labour force capacity Discover Programme The Discover Programme (formerly Discover Science and Engineering), managed by SFI, aims
employment in the knowledge economy Enterprise Ireland •Provides direct supports for R&d activity within Irish firms, and supports for
•Supports Technology Transfer Strengthening by funding dedicated staff within the Universities to ensure that best use is made of research outputs with commercial
3 years (Sales of â 1m per annum and employment of 10 IDA Ireland IDA Ireland programmes provide the basis for winning new FDI investment projects.
The employment outlook for the sector depends critically on addressing domestic competitiveness factors and a favourable
Consultant: Avensa Consulting SRL, Iasi 2 Declaration of vision and mission Actual status in 2013 (to moment, no intervention scenario
ï labour 3 ï responsibility Slogan †Northeast Region †smart specialization through people and local productsâ€
perspective of the total number of employees from all the processing industries in the region. A concentration of companies at regional level canbe noticed in this sector in the field
team work ksills. In this context, a internship financing is imposed as necesarry to increase their attractivity and impact
and and innovative maner of promotion to become successfull games. To this purpose, the new generation of gamers has at its disposal all kind
agriculture and to improve the safty of the food staff. Finally, in the field of clothing and
ï Online consultation with RDI experts and stakeholders †proposals of promising R&i programs for each candidate field;
ï Panel work (13 panels) to flesh out the shortlisted fields †elaboration of 6-8 R&i
ï Large-scale online consultation of experts and stakeholders on the 90 R&i fiches †quantitative evaluation, backed up by pro/con arguments;
o One of the key inputs in the work of panels fleshing out the shortlisted smart
share of the working population is employed in services, but at just under 40%it is far below the
and experts are divided about the best approach to the matter Economically, the eight †development regions†are very unequal in strength, with Bucharest
number of experts and stakeholders, including representatives of the business community. A commitment to the project was secured from a broad group of key actors †decision-makers in
gradually by groups of experts and stakeholders, on the basis of available evidence, with input
In the second stage, 13 panels of 15-25 experts and stakeholders worked from this input as well
from historical and geographical context, to specific public policies (regarding human resources taxation, industrial development etc.
It is also important that we review some of our previous works in order to put in context the present
emphasized by the fact that the retribution per employee increases more rapid than the economic
gross R&d expenses as percentage of GDP and the dynamics of R&d human resources in Romania
of ours that in the European union the share of R&d human resources in the total number of
employees is correlated positively with the level of economic development (Lavric, 2013. What is 720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8th INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE
There is also another important aspect regarding the R&d human resources that consists in the fact that the retribution per employee increases more rapid than the economic development level, thus
suggesting that the intensity and comparative advantage of the incentives given to the researchers is
latest trends resulted from the analysis of the R&d human resources and gross expenditures. The accumulation of societal know-how makes it easier for new ventures to arise and for new ideas to
human resources that are involved in constructing complex products. Therefore, the ability to build competitive and successful teams,
revolutionize how the processes work, is on an upward trend. If mixed with proper financing and
among the employees. Although it raises a lot of challenges, applying managerial methods for stimulating creativity is mandatory for an organization that aims to be competitive and
financial incentives for employees to develop new ideas, job rotation of staff, multidisciplinary or cross-functional work teams, nonfinancial incentives for employees
and training employees on how to develop new ideas or creativity 4. SMES should develop strategies that integrate R&d and innovation.
Therefore, the objectives must be analyzed in the context of the challenges imposed by the necessity to innovate and build
This work was cofinanced from the European Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human resources Development 2007-2013, project number POSDRU/159/1. 5/S/142115 †Performance
and excellence in doctoral and postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domain†REFERENCES Aerts, K.,Schmidt, T. 2008.
The dynamics of R&d human resources in Romania within the European context. Proceedings of the 7th International Management Conference"New Management for
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment -West Region (2009)..23 Figure 9:
Comparison Of value-Added Per Worker (2010) in West Region's Main Clusters...30 Figure 23-Exports Per capita (2007,2009, 2011)..31
FDI and Domestic Firm Survival Rates for Firms of 20 or More Employees (Share of Firms from
Unemployment rates (ages 15 and over) and growth rates of employment (ages 15-64), 2000 -2011.19 4
of output per worker amounted to 15%in the 2000-09 period. Moreover, there are important signs of
represent about half the region†s turnover and employment, which may lead to high volatility in value
added growth and sharp drops in per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and employment during a 1 http://ec. europa. eu/research/innovation-union/index en. cf
and testing laboratories and the promotion of the auto cluster. For the textile cluster, it would be helpful to facilitate access to finance for the
In the tourism cluster, promotion and management of archaeological sites, promotion of regional spas as cross-border medical tourism destinations,
employment, education, research and innovation, social inclusion and poverty reduction, and climate/energy. Each EU country has
national targets, at least those related to employment, R&d, and emissions and energy 11 Table 1: The national Europe 2020 targets
Employment rate %R&d %of GDP Emissions reduction compared to 2005 %Renewable Energy %Energy efficiency reduction
8. promoting employment and supporting labor mobility 9 In order to promote the harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of the Union, the Common Strategic
through higher employment, and better social inclusion and education policies, 2. Developing modern infrastructure for growth and jobs, 3. Promoting economic competitiveness and local development,
WB staff calculations based on WDI data 27. During this period, the convergence process has trickled down at the regional level, and the
World bank staff calculations based on Eurostat data; â€oepeer regionsâ€: aggregate peers as defined by ADR Vest PL 41,42, 43,51, 52;
The average compensation per worker in the West Region grew by 13 percent annually between 2000 and 2009 versus 12.2 percent for Romania as a whole and less than 11 percent
Over the previous decade, the West experienced the highest growth in output per worker among the comparator regions, coinciding with one of the highest levels of growth in gross fixed capital
formation (Figure 3). 17 Despite this, in 2009 fixed capital stock per worker in the West stood at only 57
and output per worker was still only one quarter of the EU average. This suggests that
Employment (in 1000 persons) by NUTS 3 regions nama r e3empl95); ) Gross value added at basic pricesby NUTS 3 regions
only jobless but actually coincided with significant declines in overall regional employment. But it does
not help explain how falling employment levels could coincide with a very tight regional labor market Table 3 highlights the West†s low unemployment rate (along with North West and Bucharest) relative to
as well as its fall in employment levels. While the comparator group of similar regions also experienced strong decline in employment levels over this period, this process came along with a
high and growing unemployment rate, at more than twice the level of the West Table 2: Unemployment rates (ages 15 and over) and growth rates of employment (ages 15-64), 2000-2011
Unemployment rate Employment Growth (CAGR 2000 2007 2011 2000-07 2007-11 2000-11 West 7. 6 5. 6 5. 7-0. 8%-0. 7%-0. 7
%Nord-Vest 7. 0 4. 3 5. 2-1. 7%-1. 6%-0. 8 %Centru 7. 4 8. 5 11.1-1. 7%-0. 2%-1. 7
In addition, demographic and migration trends also help to understand falling employment levels despite increases in productivity and low rates of unemployment.
As is the case in Romania as a whole, the population of the West Region has been in decline for more than a decade.
comparative advantage in highly skilled workers (proxied those with a tertiary education. Like much of Romania, however, the West faces a problem both with older workers retrenched due to restructuring
of traditional industries like coal and metals (particularly impacting Hunedoara and Caras-Severin) as well as younger workers that leave school without qualifications.
Participation rates among workers with the lowest education levels is less than half that of those at the highest (tertiary) levels in the West
Region, while unemployment rates are almost four times higher (Figure 8). This is broadly in line with the experience of peer regions
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region 2009 Source: Calculations based on data from INS:
Activity, employment and ILO unemployment rates at territorial level, by educational level, by sex and area, in 2009;
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 40. Additionally, the West Region presents the second highest incidence of gazelles over total
particular interest both because of their contribution to employment and as an additional indicator of entrepreneurship.
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 41. The sectoral specialization of the â€oegazelles†is slightly different than the distribution of firms
overall. While Western firms in general are concentrated mainly in service activities such as wholesale trade (14%),retail trade (10),
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 42. The contribution of startups to productivity growth in West Romania is higher than the
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Figure 15:
TFP Growth Decomposition in Romania By Type of Firm And by Region: 2005-2010 Source:
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data The West Regions†export performance is very positive in overall terms
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 44. Overall, the West Region export performance is very positive:
export growth is sustained Figure 18), particularly since 2009 and is driven by the performance of firms located in Arad and Timis
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data III. 2. Main challenges
Fruits of economic growth were distributed not evenly across the region 45. The fruits of economic growth and convergence with Europe were distributed not evenly
World bank staff calculations based on data from Eurostat: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions †purchasing power standard per inhabitant nama r e3gdp
World bank staff calculations based on data from Eurostat: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions †millions of Euro nama r e3gdp
World bank staff calculations based on data from Institute of National Statistics; Monthly gross wages at NACE 2
Comparison Of value-Added Per Worker (2010) in West Region's Main Clusters Source: Calculations based on data from Structural Business Survey
the highest location quotient for employment relative to the national context 53. The fact that Timis,
generating and capturing greater employment opportunities. By contrast, in the Timis-Arad agglomeration, the challenge is managing the transition toward a more knowledge and skills intensive
of students enrolled in foreman education (523. In addition, between 2008 and 2011, enrollment in agricultural high schools has remained constant
employment in 2010 and the concentration of the West Region economic activity around them has increased between 2008 and 2010.26
Turnover Employment Nace 2-digit sector 2008 2010 2008 2010 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semitrailers 9. 0 22.4 10.1 17.0
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 57. The auto industry is by far the biggest employer in the region among manufacturing
sectors with an importance in terms of total employment that is similar (17%)to the combined share 16.8%)of employment represented by all the other manufacturing sectors listed in Table 7. Among the
services sectors, wholesale and retail trade dominate the landscape in terms of turnover (9. 2%and 3. 8
%respectively) although transportation and construction are also relatively important in terms of employment (4. 1%and 3. 7%respectively
58. Concentration towards fewer firms is also a prominent feature. West Romania has less small
less than 10 employees, 10-50 employees, 50-250,250-1000 and more than 1000. The West region
shows the second highest share of very big firms (more than 1000 employees), and the third highest of
In this region, 3. 18%of the firms have more than 250 employees, against 3. 41 %in all Romania, 4. 72%in Bucharest, 3. 46%in the Center and only 2. 75%in the Northwest.
First, observations for which information on employment, stock of fixed assets, material costs or value added are
employee and value added to employee ratios greater (smaller) than three times the standard deviation from the
employees 10 †50 employees 50-250 employees 250-1000 employees >1000 employees All 41,852 31.24 48.42 16.93 2. 82 0. 59
-10.4)(-0. 5)(-11.5)(-20.6)(-18.0)(-15.4 Bucharest-Ilfov 9, 894 28.93 48.01 18.34 3. 65 1. 07
-7. 6)( 1. 9)(-9. 1)(-15.6)(-12.4)(-7. 8 Center 5, 382 28.5 49.46 18.58 3. 07 0. 39
-11.0)(-1. 6)(-12.3)(-18.9)(-14.5)(-22.2 Northeast 4, 439 32.85 48.79 15.68 2. 41 0. 27
-15.5)(-3. 7)(-16.3)(-29.4)(-28.2)(-14.3 Northwest 5, 604 29.5 52.12 15.63 2. 34 0. 41
employees 10 †50 employees 50-250 employees 250-1000 employees >1000 employees All 5. 52 12.55 22.19 27.94 31.79
5. 75)(-2. 2)(-3. 27)( 7. 45)(-3. 65 Bucharest 4. 38 11.81 27.21 38.24 18.35
-2. 16)( 5. 48)(-0. 86)(-1. 68)( 2. 07 Center 5. 2 12.92 29.09 28.31 24.48
-7. 96)(-12.4)( 0. 07)(-13.78)( 38.33 Northeast 10.09 19.81 28.68 28.78 12.64 5. 71)( 7. 12)(-1. 01)(-7. 97)( 7. 86
Northwest 5. 93 13.29 21.73 21.93 37.12 -7. 53)(-16.72)(-19.13)( 9. 17)( 21.03 South 4. 24 9. 7 18.29 31.23 36.54
outside the Western borders (64.7%)belongs predominantly to small firms (0-9 full time employees
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Table 11. Out of Region Plant Size of Firms Headquartered in the West Region (2010
Size(#employees) Plants Percent 0-9 168 64.7 10-49 58 23.0 50-249 28 11.1
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 60. Sectorial, firm and geographical concentration may lead to high volatility of value added
World bank staff calculations based on INS data Source: World bank staff calculations based on INS data 62. Moreover, export growth over the period 2005-2011 has been very reliant on the â€oeintensive
marginâ€, i e. 75%of export growth came from incumbent exporters going to markets they already served and with no innovation in terms of product range.
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 63. There is a shift in destination markets within the EU. While traditionally the main export
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 60 70 80 90 100 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 64. Overall, West Region exports are concentrated in relatively low-skill, low-sophistication
World bank staff calculations based on INS data Increasing integration with regional value chains, leading to low local value addition
contributed to significant investment and job creation, but has played an important role in integrating the West Region ever more tightly into the European economy
World bank staff elaboration based on INS customs level data 31 Taymaz, Erol, Ebru Voyvoda and Kamil YÃ lmaz (2011.
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 68. While declining value added at sector level is a global trend
landscape, accounting for 90 percent or more of value added, employment, and exports (Figure 32 70.
businesses in the West, around half of output and employment, and more than 90 percent of exports.
FDI and Domestic Firm Survival Rates for Firms of 20 or More Employees (Share of Firms from 2006
employment experience and opportunities abroad 73. It is worth stressing however that foreign owned firms can also bring significant benefits to
the region, over and above the employment they create. This comes from the â€oespillover†of knowledge and technology into the regional economy.
through human capital (i e. through workers), through supply relationships, and through competition and demonstration effects (via market competition and joint activities.
growth, employment growth and value added growth) are examined for each of the top 10 sectors.
of the remaining outcome variables under analysis (employment, value added and turnover) are selected. Third and finally, the capacity to generate value added is examined and the average labor
experts; and a system of local R&d and innovation to develop prototypes or to produce customized
universities (as well as vocational training facilities) and employers. It may also pay to make strategic investments in promoting disciplines
The result is high levels of structural unemployment (and low participation rates) and skills mismatches at all levels of the labor force.
the market and that they are successful in finding employment •Skills (3: Entrepreneurial and business management skills
workers, and consumers in the region to benefit from access to a larger market. Overall, the region is
In addition, transportation of workers is problematic for large scale manufacturing activities. A large proportion of blue collar or low skilled workers commute to the production plant from
surrounding areas and often there are no public transportation options available to them. Large companies provide transportation for employees using company buses but this leads to increased
production expenses and traffic congestion 100. In this context, local authorities could begin by enhancing the quality of the roads in
and of their employees would make the region more attractive to potential investors. In addition enhancing regional mobility by connecting secondary and tertiary nodes to TENT-infrastructure is also
and modernize the curricula for theoretical education, vocational training and lifelong learning in order to answer to the demands of the business sector in the region.
Employment and Social Inclusion. This Pact, set up by the Ministry of Labor, would continue to liaise
It works in partnership with Irish enterprises to help them start, grow, innovate and conquer
and processes that will lead to job creation and increased exports Enterprise Ireland is a body corporate established by the Industrial Development (Enterprise Ireland
Government policy on the pay of Chief executives and State Body employees and with Government guidelines
•The Executive Committee manages and controls the administration of Enterprise Ireland†s budget, monitors progress against organizational targets,
processors, lower food processing costs and help to provide more robust employment in rural areas 121.
employers and contributors to Tax incentives, subsidies and better financing terms on productive investments, especially on
difficult to find young workers interested in the business. This will force firms to increase wages which
learnt about how MNCS work, what quality standards they require, what technology they use, how they plan
protection and promotion of natural parks (see chapter 5 and annex 2 Geo therapy center:
World bank staff simulations based on Eurostat and IMF data.**Note: the latest available data for R&d over GDP indicator
World bank staff simulations based on Eurostat and IMF data 139. Building on the analysis conducted as part of this assessment, this chapter drafts
employment growth 146. Small and medium sized enterprises in the West Region need support to become
Vocational training also needs to be expanded significantly and upgraded in order to supply a sufficient number of qualified technicians (specialized labor.
Lack of skilled workers who can operate mid and high-tech machines limits the growth potential of firms
promotion of associations. These measures can help generate the necessary confidence for cooperation and can improve the flow of information between the actors of the regional innovation system.
(i) contribute to the EU 2020 strategy by increasing the level of employment;(ii) support access to
through support for quality schemes, promotion in local markets, horizontal and vertical cooperation new marketing and networking opportunities, the development of short supply chains, and the setting
experts); ) additional financing (identify new sources of financing, leverage relationships with local banks provide negotiation and contracting support;
promotion of the local innovative potential. A proper implementation of smart specialization investments requires an administrative entity that can coordinate,
to the promotion of the other competitiveness goals of the region, such as increasing exports and
training providers (schools, universities or vocational training centers) in order to identify and promote those projects that fit with the needs of the local economic actors
In this respect, adapting theoretical education and vocational training to the demands of the labor market, increasing the relevance of the educational and vocational training offer
by anticipating private sector requirements, and ensuring the applicability of the learning material, are key role for the economic development of the region.
-the-job training through apprenticeship schemes, internships, and scholarship programs that aim to develop specific competences and skills by providing on-the-job training;
capacity of vocational training providers to deliver attractive and high-quality education and training programs in correlation with labour market demands, especially for sectors with significant growth
potential, in order to ensure complementarity with the competitiveness strategy. Other type of measures that can be financed
university education and continuous vocational training infrastructure 182. Soft Measures such as educational and vocational training programs have to be
properly sustained by the educational infrastructure and proper endowment of schools and vocational training centers to ensure a high-quality teaching process,
using appropriate pedagogical and technical resources. Investments that have started under the current period should continue in order to
increasing the level of employment Supporting access to international markets Promoting the diversification of activities
1. Innovation center for the West Region which could play a key role in the promotion of the innovative potential
Center for protection and promotion of natural parks 13. Geo therapy center 14. Pilot initiative on development solutions for the mining areas
schemes, promotion in local markets, horizontal and vertical cooperation, new marketing and networking opportunities the development of short
Human resources Programme financed under European Social Fund and with the list of public projects as defined at point
employment, which may lead to high volatility of value added growth and sharp drop of per capita GDP
West Region (priority Axis 2and increasing the level of employment and education, by improving skills
center for protection and promotion of natural parks; a geo therapy center; a pilot initiative on
growth rate, relatively skilled human resources, a large diversity of natural resources, and a favorable geographical location. In the 2014-2020 period, the West Region has the opportunity period to use its
could play a key role in the promotion of the innovative potential of the region
employment. This regional fund could support public-private infrastructure investments and guide the available funding towards innovative
useful examples that could work as a model The renowned High tech Grã nderfonds in Germany is a valuable example of a fund that
so it often works in partnership with other funding entities such as banks, venture capitalists, local government etc.
the output of its work. The center would be designed to attract motivated young scientists
staff from West region and other regions of Romania. The new structure could be setup as
Center for the protection and promotion of the national parks in the West Region The region could highly benefit from the
core team of experts who would oversee the implementation of the action plan and facilitate collaboration on research projects
and organizing vocational training in order to ensure an adequate labor force for private sector growth Some regeneration plans have been prepared
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