In terms of total (including multiplier effects) employment or output impacts in the economy, the values associated with scientific R&d are smaller than many â€oehigh-tech†industries.
and f. Eliminating employment related tax benefits, including the health care insurance tax benefit and the transportation tax benefit Taking these four steps will help reduce all three of America†s deficits †the budget,
000 of the mortgage and not be indexed to inflation. 80 A second place to start is for Congress to eliminate employment related tax benefits,
THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 39.2012 Economic Report of the President (Civilian labor force participation rate and employment/population ratio, 1965-2011, Table B-39;
OECD, Employment and Labour market Statistics (summary tables; accessed October 15, 2013), http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/lfs-data-en. 41.
8. Competitiveness 94 8. 1 Easier to do Business 95 8. 2 Institutionalising the Drive for Competitiveness 98 8. 3 Infrastructure Investment to Underpin Employment
And we are setting a goal to bring employment to 2. 1 million by 2018 †2 years earlier than our original target †effectively restoring all jobs lost during the economic crisis.
and generate employment in locally traded sector 4. To build an indigenous engine of growth that drives up the export market share of Irish companies 5. To build world-class clusters in key sectors of opportunity In addition,
1: 1) 16,420 From 2011 to 2014 direct employment in EI firms is up by almost 16,420 and an additional 21,350 indirect jobs.%
when the Government launched the Action Plan for Jobs From 2011 to 2014 direct employment in IDA firms is up by 22,265 and an additional 15,600 indirect jobs.
and generate employment in locally traded sectors Spend by IDA assisted firms in the local economy up 13%from 2011 Since 2011,
and delivering on the Government†s concerted approach to addressing the reform and employment challenge.
and bring employment to 2. 1 million in 2018. The Action Plan for Jobs 2015 will be a further step along the way in meeting this medium-term goal for Ireland.
and stimulate the domestic economy through local employment in sectors such as construction and retail, tourism, hospitality and agriculture and food.
Continued employment growth in the construction retail and tourism sectors will ensure the target of 100,000 extra people at work by 2016 is achieved as early as possible in 2015.
Stimulating the Domestic Economy through local employment We will take a range of measures to ensure that the success in international markets is mirrored in the domestic economy
and in food processing will impact directly on employment prospects in rural areas and provide significant stimulus to local economies.
The Food Competitiveness Fund will help to improve productivity and employment in the food processing sector.
The Policy Statement has an overall target of bringing employment in the sector to 250,000 and overseas revenue to â 5 billion by 2025.
Increasing Activation of the Unemployed The focus of the Pathways to Work strategy is to ensure that the increase in employment generated by the actions under this Plan translates into a reduction in the number of people dependent on jobseeker payments
The objectives for 2015 are to roll out the Employment and Youth Activation Charter, begin the new account management approach to employers,
and helps ensure that actions effectively contribute to the over-arching objective of increased employment.
and implementing the Action Plans for Jobs is part of the delivery of significant institutional change and reform in Ireland across the employment, training and economic development system.
It places a strong emphasis on mobilising employers to play their part in the employment
investment and growth in domestic sectors of the economy to help in addressing the employment challenge,
A Preliminary Review, April 2014 16 ï§improvement in skills provision through the launch of SOLAS, Education and Training Boards, Momentum programmes, employment incentive schemes such as Jobsplus
In relation to Enterprise Agency-supported employment, total permanent employment in EI and IDA Ireland assisted companies in the industrial and services sectors increased by 5 per cent to over 350,000 in 2014.
This continues the trend in positive employment growth since 2011. Foreign Direct Investment was buoyant in 2014
with IDA Ireland securing 197 investments and reporting a net increase in employment in client firms of 7, 131.
and employment creation and startups were also strong. Similarly agri-food exports are estimated to have reached a new record of nearly â 11 billion.
Employment growth within Enterprise Ireland supported companies will be fuelled by an increase in global demand for Irish products and services.
Enterprise Ireland will lead a drive to increase the exports of client companies leading to significant employment growth in those companies.
Two of the key aspects of the IDA Ireland Horizon 2020 strategy were to drive company transformation to ensure higher levels of job retention and to focus particularly on the growth in employment intensive services,
and generating employment benefits. Secondly, for many of the actions it is difficult to establish a linear causal relationship between specific policies
or suite of actions and isolating the impact of economic externalities on employment in Ireland.
and helps ensure that actions effectively contribute to the over-arching objective of increased employment.
The goal of the Action Plan for Jobs is increased employment, as mea the Inte imp thro Logi and obje cons asured by the impact of th 1. Incr 2. Stim 3. Imp 4. Incr 5. Incr
Benchmark metrics are supplemented with key data from the annual surveys of the Enterprise Agencies, such as employment, expenditure, sales,
with the CSO data indicating that some of the largest employment increases have been in the domestic economy 5 Framework for the Evaluation of Enterprise Supports (2011), Forfã¡
ï§Meet employer demand for employment permits in the ICT sector, which is expected to reach 2, 000;
There was an annual increase in employment of 1. 5 per cent or 27,700 in the year to Q3 2014, bringing total employment to 1, 916,900.
At the same time, over 100,000 people have left the Live Register to take up employment. Unemployment is down from a crisis peak of 15.1 per cent to 10.6 per cent at the end of 2014 and, critically,
and Tàs together with the reform of the Community Employment programme indicate the Government†s determination to address the challenge of long-term unemployment.
much of Ireland†s progress during this period arose from changes in the composition of employment in Ireland during the recession (for example a collapse in the numbers employed in the labour intensive construction sector), rather than broad based productivity growth.
which captures the economic success of innovation in employment in knowledge-intensive activities, the contribution of medium and high-tech product exports to the trade balance, exports of knowledge-intensive services, sales due to innovation activities and license and patent revenues from selling technologies abroad.
and the waiting time for a hearing at the Employment Appeals tribunal has fallen. However our performance is weak in relation to dealing with construction permits
and the high corporate debt burden will act as a drag on growth and employment. This is why Government has placed a significant emphasis on enhancing the availability of bank
The aim of the plan is to ensure that employers will be able to fully source their ICT skills needs in Ireland, through a mixture of domestic supply and skilled inward migration (both from within the EU and through the reformed employment permit system.
There are strong employment rates for graduates of these programmes (67 per cent of graduates in employment within 6 months),
and participating in adopt a school programmes as proposed in the ICT Skills Action Plan and by highlighting female role models in industry to increase female participation on ICT courses and employment in the sector.
The Action Plan commits the Government to meet employer demand for employment permits in the ICT sector,
HEA) 32 10 Maintain the level of awards under the IRC Employment Based Programme to provide opportunities for MSC
by employers to progress graduates to employment. HEA, HEIS, Employers) 12 Increase the pool of researchers strongly positioned to take up employment in industry in Ireland.
SFI) 13 Roll out the 2015 call for proposals for Springboard courses, with a particular focus on priority areas identified by EGFSN including ICT;
and implement the †employer charter†(DSP) 24 Review the potential contribution of the Excellence through People programme to developing the competencies and retention of employment in Irish based companies.
D/Justice and Equality, INIS) 26 Continue to ensure employers are able to secure Employment Permits for the critical skills they need,
DJEI) 27 Initiate a Trusted Partner Registration Scheme for Employment Permits open to all eligible employers.
and it is essential, from both a growth and employment perspective, that the development of The irish SME sector is supported in a similar manner.
The ambition for manufacturing as set in 2014 is to achieve potential for employment growth of 40,000
that will boost productivity and lead to increased employment. EI) 84 Enterprise Ireland and the IDA will develop a strategy to develop Ireland†s aviation related business sectors.
However in the face of strong European and international competition in this area the Task force has identified a number of new actions that will harness Big data for employment growth.
intensifying FDI employment growth. The increased funding for staff and support for enterprises through EI is focused on the provision of additional on-the-ground support by Enterprise Ireland in overseas markets including China, South korea,
400 unemployed people on the Live Register a chance to get back into employment. The Pathways to Work 2015 strategy
places a particular emphasis on measures to help long-term and young unemployed people find a route back into employment.
and recognise that they play a crucial role in economic and employment growth. The onset of the international financial crisis and the systemic problems within our national banking system, in conjunction with cultural payment issues have conspired collectively to create an extremely challenging environment for SMES in relation to accessing finance.
In Budget 2015, the Minister for Finance outlined a number of key changes to the Employment
The relief is aimed at encouraging those who previously were in PAYE employment to start their own business.
EI) 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 69 119 The Department of Finance to work with the relevant stakeholders in raising awareness of the EII Scheme and promoting it as vehicle for channelling investment to grow enterprises and support employment.
This means that 36 per cent of those who were on the live register at the beginning of the twelve month period have left it to go into employment.
not because employment did not grow but because it took a long time for this growth in employment to translate into a commensurate reduction in the numbers of people on the Live Register.
A key objective of this Government is to ensure that the increase in employment generated by the actions under this Action Plan does translate into a reduction in the number of people dependent on jobseeker payments
and in particular those who are in long-term receipt of jobseeker payments. Towards this end the Government has,
ï§Promoting employment supports; and ï§Ensuring the effectiveness of referral from Intreo to further education and training.
ï§Roll out the Employment and Youth Activation Charter: Employers who sign this Charter commit that at least 50 per cent of candidates considered for interview will be taken from the Live Register;
and that the labour market responds flexibly and efficiently to employment growth. DSP) 128 Implement the actions agreed under the Comprehensive Employment Strategy for Persons with Disabilities.
D/Justice and Equality) 129 Participate actively in the Department of Social Protection†s Work Placement Programme and the National Internship Scheme.
enhance their acquisition of transversal skills and aid their preparedness and progression to employment. DCYA) 134 Continue to promote mobility and learning opportunities in the youth work sector and the take-up of EU funding mechanisms available such as the new Erasmus+Programme.
which continued economic growth and sustainable employment creation across the country will be built. Enterprise Ireland supported companies created more than 19
the net increase in employment was 7, 131, one of the highest net levels of job creation in a decade.
The employment growth in these companies is linked directly to their ability to grow sales and exports.
investment and people in order to deliver on Government†s ambition to have 2. 1 million people in employment in 2018
Increase fulltime employment equivalents in the film and audiovisual sector by 1, 000 jobs by supporting The irish Film Board to fund at least 15-20 Irish feature films and developing
with a particular emphasis on regions that have struggled to achieve employment growth. Enterprise Ireland will also publish a report each year on the startup environment across the LEOS network, identifying areas of excellence and areas for improvement and innovation.
DAFM) 228 Further encourage e-submissions for the Annual Employment Survey (AES) and Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact (ABSEI) over the upcoming survey cycle.
and agriculture sectors, facilitating the planned employment growth in these sectors by reducing the administrative cost of compliance and making a real impact, on reducing accidents, increasing compliance but also cost savings.
NCC) 8. 3 Infrastructure Investment to Underpin Employment Growth The NCC assessment is that our infrastructure still lags other countries
and reducing the expenditure pressures of the Live Register as increasing numbers of people move into employment.
in support of social and economic infrastructure that will support direct employment through construction related activity,
and indirect employment through competitiveness-enhancing projects, as well as making Ireland a better place to live
and Work Such investment in capital projects can have an immediate employment impact by way of jobs in the construction sector and related activity,
since 2010, tackling barriers to investment in high growth sectors is vital to support real and sustainable productivity growth leading to increased employment. 102 The ramping up of world trade as we emerge from the global economic crisis presents the potential
stimulating the development of a market for Energy Services Companies (ESCOS) and supporting sustainable employment in construction and professional services.
Stimulating the Domestic Economy The preceding sections outlined the measures the Government will take in 2015 as part of our continuing export-led approach to employment generation.
The sector accounts for around 170,000 jobs or 9 per cent of total employment, and makes a particularly significant contribution to employment in rural areas.
Food and Beverage exports increased to a record value of â 10 billion in 2013 representing an increase of 9 per cent on the previous year and a 40 per cent increase since 2009.
DAFM) 310 Develop Options Plus programme to facilitate information sharing to farm families in relation to off-farm employment,
and provided employment for about 16,300 people (full time equivalent). Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth (HOOW)- Ireland†s Integrated Marine Plan (IMP),
by 2025, the headline targets of â 5 billion in overseas visitor revenue, total employment of 250,000 in the tourism sector,
DAHG, UCD, DCU) 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 121 10.4 Retail The Wholesale and Retail sector accounts for the largest share of employment in The irish economy, with approximately 270,000
In spite of a general improvement in the number of people at work nationally over the last 18 months, employment increases in the Retail sector have been sluggish.
and address issues which can help support quality employment in the retail sector. Retail Consultation Forum) 124 Olivia Use th Based travel about booke hande the wr it as th the cov we fou busine What s hire ha as othe
which the design sector represents for growth and further employment, the Government is supporting ID2015 as an outcome of the Global Irish Economic Forum at the end of 2013.
and employment creation benefits of good design practice. 2015 Actions Growing Sales Through Leadership in Design 343 Deliver a national programme of events presenting Irish design across the island of Ireland,
which was established as part of Delivering Our Green Potential, the Government†s Policy Statement on Growth and Employment in the Green Economy,
and generate employment in locally traded sectors Objective Baseline (2011) Current Performance (2014) 2015 Targets Relevant APJ Sections To support 100,000 additional jobs by 2016 Decrease in numbers
81,400 ï§Accommodation & food 117,600 IDA firms decrease in employment of 16,248 from 2007-2010.
Job churn 6. 2%.EI firms decrease in employment of 23,983 from 2007-2010. Job churn of 8. 6%80,000 extra at work from Q1 2012 when APJ was launched to Q3 2014, with employment at:
ï§Retail: 273,200 ï§Construction: 110,900 ï§Agri-food: 109,500 ï§Accommodation & Food 135,800 IDA firms increase in employment of 22,265 from 2011-2014.
Job churn 4. 2%.EI firms increase in employment of 16,420 2011-2014. Job churn 5. 1%ï§Target of an additional 100,000 at work by 2016 and 250,000 additional at work by 2020. ï§Achieve full employment in 2018, with 2. 1m at work. ï
§Creation of 13,000 gross new jobs in indigenous firms in 2015 ï§Creation of 14,000 gross new jobs in FDI firms in 2015 Chapters 2-10
Targets Relevant APJ Sections 2. 1 Increase local economy employment Q1 2012 ï§Retail: 264,800 ï§Construction:
Increase tourism Employment to 250,000 by 2025. ï§6. 2m overseas tourists in 2011 ï§c. 7. 3m visitors in 2014. ï§Accommodation employment
target of â 12bn by 2020 2. 5 Stimulate recovery in Construction Sector Construction employment in Q1 2012 was 104
Six years of declining output in the sector Employment 110,900 GDP from building and construction sector increased 7. 3%in the past year Output increase 10.1%for year to Q3 2014 60,000
Smart Futures volunteers sourced ï§Meet employer demand for employment permits in the ICT sector,
APJ Sections 4. 1 Increase in numbers leaving the Live Register to take up employment per year No net decreases 100,
8. 3 Employment Appeals Tribunal waiting time 76 weeks in 2011 63 weeks in 2014 8. 4 Labour Court hearing waiting time
EIF European Investment Fund EII Employment and Investment Incentive scheme EMFF European Maritime and Fisheries Fund EPA Environmental protection agency EPC Energy Performance Contracting ESRI
therefore, EU policy, social enterprises contribute to social cohesion, employment and the reduction of inequalities,
EU funding Direct funding to support social innovation is offered by the EU programme for Employment
As an example, a project can select impact on employment and impact on information as relevant and exclude impact on education
ii) they are associated with highly-skilled employment; iii) they are multi-disciplinary, cutting across many technology areas;
while improving the existing systems was declared by the Commission in its Communication More Research and Innovation †Investing for Growth and Employment:
/primapagina/stampa/SME%20access%20report%20200 9-08-21. pdf). European commission (2005), Communication â€oemore Research and Innovation †Investing for Growth and Employment:
and provide the bulk of employment. However, opportunities presented by the globalization and the entwined,
and provide the bulk of employment. Innovative ideas and products are becoming increasingly important to counter the price-oriented competition from low-cost producers from emerging economies
and provided employment to 70.9%of all employed persons in 2006 (Ifm, 2007b). In absolute terms German SMES provided employment and/or apprenticeship to 20.42 million people in 2006 in the country.
Nearly 83%of all apprenticeship placements in 2006 were offered by SMES, which amounted to 1. 36 million (Ifm, 2007b).
and the overall employment generated, SMES in Germany continue to remain week on the revenue front
This expected shortfall is based on the assumption that till then there will be no change in the employment basis. In case the employment basis increases by 2. 5%in this period,
nguistics tradiction inting ses ce of business chitecture employment space hysics bric nmetal ascular plant athering eaty truction sland ssession gagement titution t
stainability chine covery hetorical device etition rror pital t r employment †rector egetable vine dy illion mand atar ting urity ssue tector ask secta ns vidual move 2 lephone gineering truction c fault ination
G#0v 4479 EMPLOYMENT & WORKING CONDITIONS G#1v 4480 Employment G#2v 4481 Employment 0#3#employment Employment
G#2v 4482 Employment policy G#3v 4483 Access to a profession 0#4#access to a profession Access to a profession G#3v 4484 Change of job
0#4#change of job Change of job 0#4#job transformation Change of job G#3v 4485 Designated employment 0#4#designated employment Designated employment
G#3v 4486 Employment policy 0#4#employment policy Employment policy 0#4#labour policy Employment policy G#3v 4487 EU EMPLOYMENT POLICY
G#3v 4515 Full-time employment 0#4#full time employment Full-time employment 0#4#full time job Full-time employment
0#4#full time work Full-time employment G#3v 4516 Holding of two jobs 0#4#holding of two jobs Holding of two jobs G#3v 4517 Moonlighting
0#4#clandestine employment Moonlighting 0#4#illegal employment Moonlighting 0#4#illegal work Moonlighting 0#4#moonlighting Moonlighting
G#3v 4518 Nonstandard employment G#4v 4519 Casual employment 0#5#casual employment Casual employment 0#5#casual work Casual employment
G#4v 4520 Home working 0#5#home worker Home working 0#5#home working Home working G#4v 4521 Nonstandard employment
0#5#atypical employment Nonstandard employment 0#5#atypical work Nonstandard employment 0#5#non standard employment Nonstandard employment
G#4v 4522 Part-time employment 0#5#part time employment Part-time employment G#4v 4523 Seasonal employment 0#5#seasonal employment Seasonal employment
G#4v 4524 Teleworking 0#5#distance working Teleworking 0#5#teleworking Teleworking G#4v 4525 Temporary employment
0#5#temporary employment Temporary employment G#3v 4526 Self employment 0#4#self employment Self employment G#3v 4527 Unpaid work
0#4#unpaid work Unpaid work G#3v 4528 Youth employment 0#4#youth employment Youth employment G#2v 4529 Termination of employment
G#3v 4530 Dismissal G#4v 4531 Collective dismissal 0#5#collective dismissal Collective dismissal 0#5#collective redundancy Collective dismissal
â Regional Competitiveness and Employment â European Territorial Cohesion EU is trying to solve the problems in all the three sectors with European Regional
and Regional competitiveness and Employment objectives but it doesn†t support 9/38 Best practices in transport infrastructure financing 1/23/2013
Regional Competitiveness and Employment. The south coast of the Baltic sea (some parts of Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) may receive grants from
Regional Competitiveness and Employment. The Eastern part of Finland is also a part of the phasing out region;
employment, place making, the sharing economy, health and education After the references section, there are also three annexes
1. Employment x Income 2. Sharing economy (and sharing society x Health x Health 3. Health
x Work and employment x Neighbourhood regeneration x Energy and environment x Science x Finance and economy
Employment x Preparing for work x Finding work x Creating and doing work Place making
Employment 1. Improved entrepreneurship and work skills (personal and collective 2. Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities, etc
3. Improved matching between work demand and supply 4. Increase in jobs and work (number and duration
6. Scaled employment impact (more sectors, workers, localities 7. Other Place making (for community and
Employment Focus area Case Social needs addressed Preparing for employment Surfen zum Job (DE) Tackling youth unemployment, low job skills and the digital divide
Jobbanken (DK) Supporting people with a mental illness (back) into work, giving them self-esteem, and reducing society†s costs
employment Slivers of time (UK) Flexible work matching for job seekers & volunteers with employers and people with personal care budgets to spend
Employment Context This section very briefly summarises the main findings arising from the desk research carried out
employment context, as well as some of the observed and expected roles and impacts of ICT within
and to identify three focus areas and relevant cases within the employment theme. Deliverables D8. 4 and D8. 5 will examine both the empirical evidence presented here in the light of the full desk
and regulatory systems within which work, employment and entrepreneurial activity sit. Although there are many nuances and variations,
x Flexibilisation of the workforce which, in the absence of counterbalancing employment security measures, tends to put more power in the hands of employers
much more occasional, intermittent, casual and †un-social†hours employment, as well as so-called zero-hour contracts in
employment, as being monitored and supported, for example, by the European WISE Network Work Integration Social Enterprises as a tool for promoting inclusion),
There is much agreement about some of the main impacts of ICT on employment. For example most observers agree that innovation in the economy supported
disagreements about the roles and impacts of ICT on employment in practice. For example although most agree that new jobs are being created (assuming the impact of the economic and
Returning to areas of general agreement about the impact of ICT on employment, most agree that
the employment theme 1. Preparing for employment People need appropriate vocational skills, competences and aptitudes in order to prepare for
employment. This includes both initial education, training and other forms of preparation, as well 21 as retraining to help them get a new or better job.
In principle, ICT can support people in preparing for employment in two main ways x by facilitating
or improving the individual†s vocational skills and competences relevant for work x by facilitating
x Improved employment supports (e g. training, tools, facilities, etc. using ICT 2. Finding employment ICT is an important tool in finding employment,
for example by matching those looking for work with those seeking one or more workers with the relevant skills, competences and aptitudes
Evidence from Poland, for example, shows that traditional private job centres only help about 5 %of young job seekers find a job,
or increase in, new forms of employment, such as telework distance work, flexible work or itinerant work,
x Scaled employment impact (more sectors, workers, localities) using ICT 16 https://www. taskrabbit. com and https://www. taskrabbit. co. uk
Seven cases are analysed in the employment theme as summarised in Table 3. 1 Table 3. 1:
Employment cases: summary Focus area Case Social needs addressed Summary Preparing for employ -ment Surfen zum
difficult to be in employment because they are at a disadvantage or vulnerable in some way, or
The sample of seven cases comprises two preparing for employment cases, three finding employment cases,
and two creating and doing work cases. Although many of the cases provide outcomes in two or more focus areas (see section 3. 2. 3),
The preparing for employment cases both rely on public funding with one run by a civil organisations and one by the private sector.
employment cases are funded and operated by the private sector, although the Slivers of Time case
Although the finding employment cases tend to start in specific locations, they are growing fastest either through expansion of the
The types of ICT and its use varies across the three employment focus areas, as described below
Preparing for employment x ICT used: Relatively standard ICT is used alongside physical and traditional activities.
Finding employment x ICT used: Relatively standard ICT is used which is generally standalone, i e. ICT is the only or
service itself, offline communities also develop because in these finding employment cases matching is mainly fast, often urgent and thus local.
employment cases, CSE (but not Mission Leben) is perhaps starting to exhibit tendencies towards also being a part of a random network in
Preparing for employment 1. Improved entrepreneurship and work skills (personal and collective x Surfen zum Job:
and learnt how to find, employment in 30 cities, with an overall high evaluation of training
2. Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities, etc x Surfen zum Job: 300 unemployed youth prepared for,
and learnt how to find, employment in 30 cities, with an overall high evaluation of training
Finding employment 3. Improved matching between work demand and supply x Surfen zum Job: Of the 300 unemployed youth prepared for work in 30 German cities many
also found employment directly via the case x Slivers of Time: 80,000 job seekers with loose links to the labour market, with 13. 7m
7. Scaled employment impact (more sectors, workers, localities x All cases are scaling, disseminating or growing,
The finding employment cases seems to be scaling fastest 8. Increase in health and wellbeing
Preparing for employment Both Surfen zum Job and Jobbanken have mutually beneficial multi-actor collaborative partnerships
Finding employment All three cases, Slivers of Time, Eslife and Skillendar, use relatively standard ICT as the only or main
Preparing for employment The main barrier is reported as lack of familiarity with ICT, and thus some reluctance by the target
employment Finding employment The main barrier is the difficulty of overcoming established ways of working and attitudes
especially with mainly low skill beneficiaries. Legislation and administrative systems are geared not to independent working.
Preparing for employment The role and use of ICT in social innovation ICT has a supporting role in helping vulnerable and other unemployed people become better
prepared for employment. This is done by both reducing many of the costs involved and providing
Thus, although successful employment preparation initiatives exist in many forms with and without ICT, the role of ICT in these cases is improving
Given that ICT typically seems to be improving employment preparation initiatives which are already underway, the technology needs to be embedded carefully in the overall initiative so as to
Finding employment The role and use of ICT in social innovation ICT is seen both in a supporting role improving the matching of the supply and demand and of
This model has disrupted incumbent methods of flexible employment by removing the need for costly intermediaries (the †middlemanâ€, in this case employment agencies) who only
The three ICT-enabled finding employment cases illustrate a new and quite profound strategic model for identifying
and enable finding employment include, first significant cost savings and efficiencies through real-time and quick-time matching directly
the employment theme. An overview of all the main results of the analysis of the employment
cases is provided in Table 3. 2 1. The role and use of ICT in social innovation
ICT plays a supporting role in social innovation in both the preparing for employment and the
finding employment focus areas by significantly improving outcomes being sought by traditional and physical activities. ICT also enables new types of social innovation to be
achieved in both the finding employment and the creating and doing work focus areas, for
matching assets to needs in the finding employment cases. Online communities are established typically as complements to existing offline communities
deployed, although small-world networks are most common in the preparing for employment cases, whilst in both the finding employment and creating
and doing work cases scale-free dissemination and copying networks are starting to become common,
employment cases, ICT is used to significantly reduce costs, increase flexibility, shorten value chains and improve capabilities through building knowledge communities and for sharing
for employment cases, it seems typical for public funded strategic ICT use and experimentation to take place through either civil society or private sector partners.
In the finding employment cases, new strategic business models for finding and matching the supply and demand for
preparing employment cases show that careful embedding of ICT into the traditional activities used to train
In the finding employment cases, cost efficiencies due to cutting out the unnecessary †middle man†and thus shortening value chains
Overall, all six social innovation outcomes examined in the employment theme, as well as several others, have been shown to be supported
3. 2. 3. The seven cases examined in the employment theme all use ICT as an important tool to
either directly support people finding it difficult to be in employment because they are at a
In meeting the social need of disadvantaged people for employment that these seven cases examine, there are clear differences between the three focus areas in how ICT is used and in the
done in the finding employment cases where the real, quick-time and highly flexible matching of
The other four cases in the employment theme, in the preparing for work and the
The finding employment cases are also based on relatively standard ICT supporting an online community which is also the only or main basis for all activity.
Employment case analysis overview Focus area and SI outcomes ICT use Online platforms Communities Networks
employment skills and supports Standard ICT alongside traditional activities -Content creation -Issue identification -Comple -mentary on
employment matching supply and demand Standard ICT standalone -Content creation -Issue identification -Matching assets to
aim is to target poverty and social exclusion through growth and employment as well as modern and effective social protection.
much less distinct than in the employment theme. It is clear that this is a consequence of the place
employment, 180 of whom have started their own business, and has seen the percentage of residents claiming benefits reduce from 40%to under 33
ICT in the sharing economy theme and in the finding employment cases in the employment theme
employment cases in the employment theme. The ICT used is mainly standard off the shelf
employment theme. It is clear that this is a consequence of the place making theme being cross
economy, environment, employment, education, health and community. It spans from individual 53 www. taskrabbit. com
possibility of future employment in this area. Especially in the UK and London, where all sorts of
to strategic issues, trends and challenges which provides the general employment context, as well as some of the
strategic issues, trends and challenges which provides the general employment context, as well as some of the
Employment 8. Increase in jobs & work (number & duration 9. Improved jobs & work (quality & remuneration
Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities, etc 12. Scaled employment impact, actual or predicted (more sectors, groups, localities
13. Other (specify Place development 8. Improved community activism and participation (including political, planning, budgeting, etc
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