Employment

Employment (2063)
Employment policy (429)
Employment structure (246)
Termination of employment (443)
Unemployment (489)
Vocational training (309)

Synopsis: Employment & working conditions: Employment:

85 3. 2. 2. Unemployment paradoxes and quick fixes...87 3. 2. 3. Challenge for France...

Today, the unemployment problem is an issue in Europe, but, essentially, all work that can be described as well-defined processes can be robotized or automated,

such as lower taxes and employment flexibility to help bypass the â€oedeath Valleyâ€. Innovation concerns all fields;

and stimulate job creation. The Phd students and unemployed people are encouraged to create their companies while the conditions for success are provided not.

This way of doing increases also pollution in developing countries and the unemployment in Europe and other developed countries.

Smart city ambition is offering their inhabitants increased comfort, employment and economic development. The Future Internet focuses on new network architectures and more user-oriented services.

Sweden This provides Facebook center local job creation and impacts the regional economy. Concerning the environmental aspects

The employment capacity of the tertiary sector is growing in Europe. Regional authorities in France focus on developing personal services,

The impact of education on employment/entrepreneurship is evaluated not. A little feedback from companies is possible via internship at the condition of willing to take this point into account.

They decide the rules, the amount of taxes, laws for employment, public research system and educational program.

become experts and accumulate a collective experience, under the condition that we transfer to them the relative knowledge and the necessary reasoning and learning techniques.

Human Ressources Manager Managing human resources, training and layoff Talent miner and optimizer, manager of the Intellectual Capital Marketing Manager Market study and customer relation Opportunity

and will be adapted to each case. 2. 7. Trends and future innovation In search of economic growth and job creation,

challenges, such as unemployment and exclusion, depletion of natural resources, pollution and its subsequent serious diseases, organized crime and cyber criminality, terrorism, devitalization of regions and overpopulation in megacities,

as well as unemployment and lack of workforce in the services areas such as tourism, hotels and restaurants, agriculture and others?

youth unemployment has reached dangerous proportions, traffic jams and air pollution are strangling cities, $1†1. 6 trillion is paid in bribes,

Because youth unemployment is growing, more people have more time to do something about this abuse. Unless these elites open the conversation about the future with the rest of their populations,

making the EU the most competitive economy in the world and reaching full employment before 2010.

employment and competitiveness in Knowledge Society, combining social, economic and environmental objectives. â€oeresearch and innovation are key drivers of competitiveness, jobs, sustainable growth and social progress†EUR 12.

The ongoing projects 86 The Innovation Biosphere are expected to provide the answers to questions related to growth, employment and competitiveness;

and biotechnology as well as space exploration for societal needs, among others. 3. 2. 2. Unemployment paradoxes and quick fixes Growth,

employment and exclusion are related to each other. In reality, many European companies collapse for because of inadequate policies, high taxes, lack of flexibility in the rules for hiring and the lack of orders from large companies and public organizations.

However, the firms in charge of the unemployment survey are playing with numbers †persons on training are removed from the list of jobseekers.

or â€oemaisons d†emploi†(house for employment), are of high cost and remain ineffective. Their information systems are programmed not for effective and relevant matching of offer and demand.

The Europatriates initiative deals with young employment in Europe HAR 12. â€oethe unemployed young people are given opportunities for personal and professional development in a partner country.

A 2†3 year apprenticeship direct placement in one of the partner companies or coaching to establish a company of their own in their respective home countries to further create opportunities for employment in their country of originâ€.

The Europatriates kick-start was on the first European Congress â€oesolutions for Youth unemployment in Europe†which was held at the end of June 2014 in Saarbruecken, Germany.

The best models to help tackle youth unemployment in Europe were supposed to be brought together. â€oethe Congress

and its accompanying fare will provide: concrete solutions against 1 National Agency for employment http://www. pole-emploi. fr. 88 The Innovation Biosphere youth unemployment in Europe†EUR 14.

Once again, they focus on the training while there are a large number of various schools and training centers across the Europe.

Figure 3. 1. Youth unemployment in Europe (source: http://www. europatriates. eu/index. php/en/)Jobs creation remains just a desire without providing the appropriate ecosystem and necessary conditions for the development of existing companies and creation of new companies.

and employment The appearance of the first industrial automats and robots in factories and production units has begun the polemical replacement of workers by machines.

but employment suddenly wilts. By 2011, a significant gap appears between the two lines, showing economic growth with no parallel increase in job creation.

Brynjolfsson and Mcafee call it the â€oegreat decouplingâ€. Finally, Brynjolfsson says that he is confident that technology is behind both the healthy growth in productivity and the weak growth in jobs.

The majority of the workforce has to adapt to this to remain relevant. â€oetechnology has disrupted often and even destroyed whole industries and employment sectors.

One participant plans matching public employment data with those from companies to create a decision support system dedicated to both recruiters and jobseekers.

IT is supposed to have the biggest potential for job creation. The majority of users are not IT engineers,

â€oeresource efficient Europe†Employment and skills: â€oean agenda for new skills and jobs†Education: â€oeyouth on the move†Competitiveness:

Inclusive growth aims at raising Europe†s employment rate for women, young people and older workers and in helping people of all ages anticipate

They are adapted not to evaluate the progress in facing the main challenges, such as job creation, employment and economic growth.

and ensure prosperity and employment in the long run. One innovation principle and seven ambitions, mentioned previously (section 3. 2. 3),

It is urgent to find realistic solutions for unemployment and exclusion. All challenges mentioned in this chapter form a complex system

or not, should influence growth and job creation from innovation. Among them are the Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group (OISPG)

and Communication at Stanford university, has the ambition of disrupting unemployment. They try to find a solution for the intersectoral problem of unemployement.

whether such growth will also significantly reduce unemployment...Persistent mismatches between employee skills and job requirements can seriously impede innovative activityâ€.

The United states alone spends $100 billion a year on unemployment benefits. The value of underused people is much bigger.

and how does the Internet of things increase personal heath and job creation? 3 http://www. innovationecologies. com/the-regional-innovation-index/.

and experience sharing on fighting unemployment. Another Stanford initiative is the Triple Helix Association5 which connects the same populations and focuses on academic conferences.

job creation and young employment and has addressed other strategic European challenges. OISPG, which mainly focused on technology,

because it is only digital One another case dealing with young unemployment is the European Young Innovators Forum (EYIF),

medicine and other domains but the impact on solving the current challenges such as employment, social inclusion or pollution is weak.

and reduce unemployment. Unemployment is still high and 35 h/week is exceeded in many companies.

Carlos Slim†s suggestion in 2014 was to reduce the working week to 3 days.

and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Lexington: Digital Frontier Press, 2011. BUL 13 BULL GROUP, Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development 2013-2014, Sustainability by and for IT, available at http://www. bull. com/download/bull/Bull csr report 2013-2014 gri4 en

â€oecould artificial intelligence create an unemployment crisis? â€, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), vol. 56, no. 7, pp 37†39,2013, available at http://cacm. acm. org/.

global, European and French perspectives 3. 2. 1. Challenges for Europe 3. 2. 2. Unemployment paradoxes and quick fixes 3. 2. 2. 1. Technological

progress and employment 3. 2. 3. Challenge for France 3. 2. 4. Best practices in matching offer and demand 3. 3. Innovation policy 3

Prediction of remaining service execution time using stochastic petri nets with arbitrary firing delays. In Proceedings of international conference on service-oriented computing (ICSOC)( pp. 389†403.

A huge challenge with variants is that there is danger of redundancy. If you fully embrace the concept of variants (i e.,

and avoiding redundancy (Hallerbach, Bauer, & Reichert, 2010). Another implementa-tion of a similar variants concept is based on Eclipse (Weber, Reichert, Mendling,

and work redundancies with high costs (Hammer & Champy, 2003). Hence, BPR promotes the use of IT to redesign end-to-end business processes from a clean slate (instead of merely automating existing departmental processes) in order to increase organizational performance.

Unemployment also started to increase after 2007, when it was 4%and Luminiå£a Nicolescu, Ciprian Nicolescu ISSN 2071-789x RECENT ISSUES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Economics & Sociology, Vol. 5, No 2a,

Department of Enterprise, Trade & Employment Department of Enterprise, Trade & Employment 23 Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland Telephone:+

naiste and Minister for Enterprise, Minister for Science, Trade and Employment Technology and Innovation Dr Jimmy Devins Innovation in Ireland 2008 Innovation in Ireland 2008 Contents Introduction:

and Innovation at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment and the Department of education and Science.

and dependants of these researchers to apply for work permits and, ultimately, permanent residency. The Government also provides funding for attracting researchers into Ireland through Science Foundation Ireland and the Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions.

The National Training Fund will provide opportunities for people already in employment to be given improved access to training,

Sean Haughey, TD, coordinates the lifelong learning agenda across both the Departments of Enterprise, Trade and Employment and Education and Science.

Upskilling 500,000 people in employment by at least one National Framework of Qualifications level; Increasing the participation rate in upper secondary education to 90 percent;

Improved career guidance for those in employment; Promoting the recognition of prior learning and accreditation for skills acquired outside the formal learning environment;

Government funding for upskilling those in employment has increased significantly in recent years, from â 8 million in 2004 to â 70 million in 2007.

Improving arrangements for employee training leave; Tax incentives; and Brokerage systems to help companies source appropriate training.

and in particular, the European Social Fund (ESF), has presented always opportunities to pilot innovative approaches to upskilling, training and new employment areas.

provides a testing ground for new ways of integrating marginalised groups into the workplace and of upskilling those already in employment.

and least expected Services and Emerging Sectors Innovation in Ireland 2008innovation in Ireland 2008 International financial services Financial services have become more important as a source of both wealth generation and employment in Ireland.

taxation, health and safety, environment statistics, employment and company law. 33 h Innovation in Ireland Summary 2008 33 Innovation in Ireland 2008 Conclusion Tracking

Many empirical studies have shown the aggregate relationships between entrepreneurship and SME activity and economic growth and job creation.

These growth and job creation effects happen through innovation as new firm creation and SME growth increase productivity and bring new

) There is also an important link between new and small firm activity and job creation, as new and small firms take up labour released by downsizing elsewhere in the economy and increase national and local competitiveness (Neumark et al.,

Stangler and Litan (2009) for example show that from 1980-2005 nearly all net job creation in the United states occurred in firms less than five years old,

This job creation function of entrepreneurship and SME development is of great relevance to the recovery from the global financial

and services and increasing efficiency but also for meeting the job creation challenge of high unemployment. In the short to medium term there is a real opportunity for governments to use policies for entrepreneurship

and SME innovation to meet productivity and job creation objectives at the same time. There is growing, if still insufficient

and entrepreneurship that have made them essential drivers of innovation, growth and employment creation. The major feature of the knowledge economy is increased the importance of knowledge as a factor of production.

and data is not commonly available for non-technological innovation as a proportion of firm employment or turnover.

The managed economy was a mass production society based on stable employment in large firms and a central role of unions and employers in regulating the economy and society in partnership with government.

At the same time many address problems of unemployment and the social problems of poor neighbourhoods. This is of great relevance in the current post-crisis context in

but is also about employment. As unemployment rates rise, it is critical that new firms are able to enter

and grow so that recent job destruction is balanced by job creation in the short to medium term.

the creation of jobs in SMES in response to an aggregate demand stimulus or targeted employment

l High-employment-growth firms. One of the contributions of new firms and SMES to the economy is breakthrough innovation.

They make up an important component of the high-employment-growth firm sector. Facilitation and support for breakthrough innovation in this group may promote both innovation

They may be imparted through school education, universities and vocational training colleges. Training in SMES is also very dependent on relationships with the public sector

focused on improving the welfare of individuals and communities through employment, consumption or participation. The social entrepreneur is an agent of social innovation but not the only one.

as measured by employment, are enterprises with average annualised growth in employees greater than 20%a year over a three year period and with ten or more employees at the beginning of the observation period. â€oegazellesâ€,

as measured by employment, are enterprises which have been employers for a period of up to five years,

High-Growth Firms and their Contribution to Employment in the UK, NESTA, London. Archibugi, D. and S. Iammarino (1997), â€oethe Policy Implications of the Globalisation of Innovationâ€, University of Cambridge ESRC Centre for Business Research, Working Paper 75, ESRC

Daviddson, P.,L. Lindmark and C. Olofsson (1999), â€oesmes and Job creation during a Recession and Recoveryâ€, in Z. Acs, B. Carlsson and C. Karlsson (eds.

Job creation by Firm Ageâ€, Small Business Policy Branch, Industry Canada, Ottawa. Haltiwanger, J. 1999), â€oejob Creation and Destruction by Employer Size and Age:

Building Inclusive Economies, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002), High-growth SMES and Employment, OECD, Paris. OECD (2003), The Nonprofit Sector in a Changing Economy, OECD

and employment) and capability building in the areas of productivity, management and skills, internationalisation and transformational change.

There is a positive and robust correlation between entrepreneurship and economic performance in terms of growth, firm survival, innovation, employment creation, technological change, productivity increases and exports3.

and to stimulate sustainable economic growth and job creation. Market failure involves a number of different factors.

Ireland†s Enterprise Policy Context and Challenges Relevant strategies over the period of review reflect the importance of supporting start-up companies as a means to stimulate economic growth and employment.

and high levels of employment to a situation where unemployment now stands at 14.2 per cent,

The evaluation found that the impacts from the HPSU package of supports are very positive in terms of survival, sales, exports and employment.

HPSU supported firms were shown also to be particularly resilient to the recession in terms of employment compared to firms generally.

Regardless of the year of entry to HPSU, there is generally an upward movement in employment per active firm.

in that the recession of 2008 onwards has had little overall impact on employment per plant11. This compares favourably with the comparator group that saw a decrease of 10.9 per cent in employment per plant over the period 2004-2010.

A Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was conducted over a 7 year period for each of the 2005 and 2006 cohorts to establish the impact to the wider economy.

including employment, exports etc. The Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation should be cognisant of the financial return to the State through EI-Partner funds28.

employment and feasibility study grants and equity. A survey of CEBS revealed that 44 per cent of management training (excluding SYOB courses)

The economic value of the CEB soft supports depends somewhat on the prevailing economic environment and unemployment levels.

In times of high unemployment, these CEB activities stimulate the use of surplus resources, creating additional wages, profits and tax revenues.

Rationale for interventions †Findings The period from 2004-2008 was characterised by low levels of unemployment

and a steep rise in unemployment. The need to focus on productivity enhancements, innovation, knowledge and skills acquisition,

and job creation has remained also constant, and has been reflected in government policy and enterprise supports over the entire period.

and start-ups-through from the CEB supported micro firm that generates employment, to the High Potential Start up that demonstrates greater potential for growth within a relatively short time period.

There is a positive and robust correlation between entrepreneurship and economic performance in terms of growth, firm survival, innovation, employment creation, technological change, productivity increases and exports36.

and to stimulate sustainable economic growth and job creation. In general, companies that emanate from entrepreneurial activity are the feedstock for future employment and growth.

The different market failures and enterprise objectives demand different policy responses. For example, information deficits may be addressed by interventions that provide information to entrepreneurs.

In periods of high unemployment, government intervention may be triggered to address the risk that some individuals may become long-term unemployed

and Challenges Relevant Government strategies over the period of review reflect the importance of supporting start-up companies as a means to stimulate economic growth and employment.

Unemployment increased from a level of 4. 5 per cent in 2004 to 13.7 per cent in 2010.

in Ireland with the capacity to sell innovative products and services in world markets Foster job creation across the regions of Ireland Promote the growth of new sectors with sustainable competitive advantage Inputs Enterprise

Increased turnover Increased employment High survival rates 26 2. 1 Evaluation Aim The aim of the evaluation is to assess the appropriateness

and services in world markets in order to foster job creation across the regions of Ireland, promoting the growth of new sectors with sustainable competitive advantage, providing for growth in exports and employment in Ireland.

The evaluation of the programme†s impact focuses on the annual levels of turnover, exports, employment and survival rates between 2004 and 2010 for all firms receiving HPSU supports between 2004 and 2006,

as well as in absolute terms), employment, and a comparatively high survival rate. From a methodological point of view, the ideal way to measure 28 the counterfactual

For employment we use the population of Enterprise Ireland start-ups from 2000-2006 with a minimum of ten employees for comparison45;

More recent policy documents emphasise the importance of returning to an export-led growth model and sustainable job creation.

1. 6 Employment 1. 9 2. 8 3. 4 Equity-Ordinary shares 11.6 10.9 7. 0 Equity-Preference shares 59.8 64.2 64.1

and the Annual Employment Survey that are published annually by Forfã¡s. There are also performance reviews that take place.

as it controls for the often low levels of employment in start-ups, overcoming some of the selection bias that arises with HPSUS (mostly new firms) vis-Ã-vis the ABSEI group (mostly established firms).

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ABSEI Comparator Grp X as%of Sales All HPSUS 40 Employment HPSUS (2004-2006 entrants) appeared to be more resilient in employment

Employment (2004,2005 and 2006 HPSUS) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Employment 895 1, 711 1, 840 1, 994 2

, 169 1, 969 2, 086 Employment Yr on Yr Growth 91.2%7. 5%8. 4%8. 8%-9. 2%5. 9

Employment (2004,2005 and 2006 HPSUS) Regardless of year of entry to HPSU, there is generally an upward movement in employment per plant.

in that the recession of 2008 onwards has had little overall impact on employment per plant (Table 2. 10). 47 Start-ups dating back to 2000 were selected as a more robust comparator group to reflect the fact that companies can be trading for some years

employment has grown generally steadily, and survival rates are also above national average. Importantly, the proportion of overall funding committed to companies who do not ultimately survive (18.6 per cent) is lower than the attrition rate for the HPSU population (19.1 per cent;

with the development of viable HPSUS achieved that show excellent performance in terms of survival, sales, 46 exports and employment in a high number of cases.

Enterprise Ireland only funds the salary stipend of the entrepreneurs with A high Potential Start-up (HPSU) proposition, that have left employment (have been made redundant

Outcomes & Impacts Increased numbers of innovative start-ups and companies, Increased exports and employment in participant start-ups and companies, Increased numbers of business/technology ideas successfully developed and commercialised as a result of participation

and entrepreneurs whose companies will provide the employment of the future†as a key element of supporting economic recovery and growth.

and that supporting entrepreneurs and start-ups has a key role to play in Ireland†s return to sustainable growth and job creation.

Expor nts Propel O luation of th/technology employment essful develo did assess the nd provides d ain some opt ent:

increased exports and employment are difficult to measure at this point. However, one of the key deliverables for Propel is the number of participants that progress to become HPSUS.

and commercialised based on the Ideagen events ultimately leading to increased employment and exports. Increased take-up of supports to promote enterprise development. 82 7. 1 Evaluation Aim The aim of the evaluation is to assess the appropriateness, efficiency and effectiveness of the Enterprise Ireland Ideagen Programme.

and were unable to find new employment. As a result, significant numbers of people were engaging with Enterprise Ireland

As such collaboration with academic and/or enterprise partners is often essential to realise the full potential of innovative business ideas in terms of economic growth and job creation.

the Seed Capital and Business Expansion Schemes (recently replaced by the Employment Investment Incentive scheme) and R&d tax credits as well as direct firm level interventions-aimed at supporting the emergence and development of high potential companies.

and over US$3. 1 trillion in revenue in the United states representing 11 per cent of private sector employment and 21 per cent of GDP (2010 data).

Potential for growing and developing business operations in terms of added value/turnover and sustainable job creation; Capacity to use funds for additional investment;

Over the medium to longer term, there are also real and positive impacts associated with the programme in terms of employment,

including employment, exports etc. The Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation should be cognisant of the financial return to the State through EI-Partner funds107. 105 Gilson, R. J.,2003, â€oeengineering a Venture capital Market:

Training Management Development Finance Mentoring Enterprise Education Enterprise Promotion Outcomes & Impacts Increased number of Start-ups Increased number of entrepreneurs Increased employment Higher

unemployment and low economic growth in Ireland. It was recognised that micro enterprises (employing 10 or less people) could be a valuable source of employment and economic growth,

and that at that time, there was a gap in the provision of state supports to those enterprises.

Measure One Grants-which facilitate the provision of direct financial supports to firms by way of capital, feasibility and employment grants;

Employment grants to meet part of the cost of taking on additional staff. At least 30 per cent of the grants given by a CEB have to be refundable by the recipient.

8, 411,542 8, 190,364 9, 562,910 8, 879,577 7, 040,898 Feasibility 405,859 393,148 351,970 413,044 520,302 622,412 Employment 2, 169,614

SYOB financial assistance delivered through capital & refundable grants, employment grants, feasibility study grants and equity grants;

Secondly, at times of high unemployment, where there are unused or underused resources in the economy, start-up activity may utilise surplus resources thereby creating additional wages, profits and tax revenues.

and established firms 121 Numbers of grant applications made under each of the grant categories (capital, feasibility, employment,

498,788 Employment 1, 738,684 1, 641,673 1, 624,415 1, 920,000 1, 749,567 2, 066,978 Priming 0 0 0 0 0

Employment Grants were for up to a maximum of â 7, 500 per employee and a maximum of ten employee C Training & Management Development The CEBS provide Start Your Own Business, Management Development Training and Mentoring services.

the vast bulk of the grants made were in respect of capital or employment projects.

Measure1 Projects by Type Business Expansion Priming Capital Employment Feasibility Feasibility/Innovation Preference shares Refundable Grant Aid Grand Total 2004 369 293

Scenario 126 The outcome of a programme targeted at entrepreneurship may be that of securing employment for unemployed persons

Start-up Grants (SUG) are provided by TE centres which aim to get people out of unemployment and into employment.

The analysis found that around 80 per cent of participants were still in employment three months after cessation of the NEIS allowance.

With regard to the survival rate of businesses, there were at most 73 per cent of participants in self employment 12 months after cessation of NEIS allowance

while just 52 per cent were still in self employment 18 months after benefits ceased. The evaluation found that 73 per cent of †survivors†would have started a business without the NEIS scheme,

taking high deadweight and displacement effects into account, was an expensive mechanism for getting people into employment in terms of the cost per positive outcome (about $30, 000).

Key objectives of both schemes were to reduce unemployment and increase self employment. Evaluation of the deadweight impacts of both schemes suggests they were a success:

In conclusion and based on these preliminary investigations, business support tools to stimulate the labour market are generally a success in reducing unemployment.

or gaining employment without the support programme, they may have a tendency to believe that they would have succeeded without the support.

The Economic Journal, 90 (357). 1980 FORFÃ S EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE SUPPORTS FOR START-UPS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP 139 At times of high unemployment, where there are unused or underused resources in the economy,

however we have looked to job creation estimates for all grant aided firms as an indicator of the scale of impacts.

-which enabled us to derive an average employment for CEB grant assisted firms at 4 FTES134.

and â 24 million depending on the level of employment created by grant aided start-up firm.

Annual Benefits-different Employment and Deadweight Scenarios (â m) Deadweight Average Employment per Firm 2 FTES 4 FTES â †000 per annum 60

Comparing the annual benefits to the fully loaded costs indicates that the least favourable scenario would mean that each firm supported would have had to deliver the employment benefits for a period of approximately 3 years

Number of Years Required to Pay back Measure 1 Support to Start-up Firms Deadweight Average Employment per Firm 2 FTES 4 FTES Years to Pay back-Measure 1 Grant (including indirect

Associated employment generated; and A brief outline of the sectoral spread. Progression to Start-up Participants of the SYOB courses are a cross-section of existing entrepreneurs who are in the start-up phase, self-employed persons, persons in employment, the unemployed,

and those outside the workforce. Table 9. 18: SYOB Participant Cohort SYOB Participant Cohort%Propensity to Start-up%In employment 38.2 54 Unemployed persons 35.8 47.5 Self-employed/proprietors 21.2 20.0 Outside the workforce

4. 8 37.5 Table 9. 19 sets out the impact of the course on participants by year they undertook the course,

Survey of SYOB Course Participants 2011 Table 9. 20 depicts the propensity of persons of different prior employment status to start a business.

Propensity of SYOB Course Participants to Start a Business by Prior Employment Status(%)Prior Employment Status Self-employed/proprietor Employee Unemployed Outside the workforce All Propensity

With the current rate of unemployment and the existence of unused resources in the economy

FÃ S has succeeded in its objective of progressing individuals to employment/self employment. Discussions with individual CEBS indicated that

Turning to impacts on wages, profits and tax revenues, these additional impacts are likely to be relatively small in the period up to 2008, because of the low levels of unemployment and consequent high levels of labour market displacement.

This translates into potential employment levels of between 10,700 and 21,500 depending on the scale of employment in assisted firms

(and assumes employment of between 2 and 4 persons per firm). Comparing the annual benefits to the fully loaded costs indicates that even allowing for a high level of labour market displacement in the period 2004-2010,

The least favourable scenario would mean that each firm supported would have had to deliver employment benefits for a period of approximately 3 years,

which is t the funding employment that the pro employed. businesses, t han the Finn sses establish val. vival among Entrepreneur acts of the s a business r the funding.

the regardless of TS FOR STA rket Sch mployment a employment monstrate a e grant was

However, the impact on employment trends in the same period was positive. 137 www. praxis. ee/fileadmin/tarmo/Projektid/..

It provides an overview of participant views on the likely impact of the programme on sales, exports and employment growth.

s Publications Annual Employment Survey Forfã¡s April 2014 Costs of Doing Business in Ireland 2014 NCC April 2014 Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact Forfã¡

s July 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor July 2013 Annual Employment Survey 2012 Forfã¡

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