'curiosity and ingenuity, exposed them to content experts and real-world examples of classroom lessons, help them become
Employment opportunities are changing. Education needs to facilitate teaching knowledge but there is a general consensus emerging in that we need a
-enterprise with less than 10 employees In employment terms, almost 67%of workers are employed by SMES
of which 45%are employed by micro-enterprises, 30%by small companies and the remaining 25%by medium
with less than 250 employees and either an annual turnover of up to 50 million euros or a balance sheet total of no more
micro enterprises with 1 to 10 employees and a turnover or a balance sheet total less than 2 million euros, small enterprises with 10-49 employees and a
turnover or a balance sheet total between 2 and 10 million euros and medium-sized enterprises, having 50-249
employees and a turnover less than 50 million euros or a balance sheet total less than 43 million euros Micro Small Medium SME Large
workers need; it is about changing the very nature of consumption, competition and how markets
putting today†s consumers, employees, citizens, patients and other individuals in a controlling position A reference framework, illustrated in figure 1,
whilst being active in the job market, to encourage and enable †intrapreneurshipâ€, i e. taking initiative and developing new ways of working, products and
further 18.5%of employed persons relied entirely on ICT to perform their task, ranging from 9
thus rapidly becoming a precondition for employees to become and remain employable. In its †Communication on e-Skills for the 21st Century and the Digital Agenda for
and intensified as there are still 21%of European workers who believe that their ICT skills are currently insufficient for them to change job within one year (see
workers believe that their ICT skills are currently insufficient for them to change job within 1 year
as a desirable career path upon graduation and when entering the job market. Changing mind -set and aspirations towards entrepreneurship are crucial to achieving this
old, have fewer than 25 employees and have less than £20, 000 in gross assets. Additionally, the
investor cannot be an employee of the company nor have more than a 30%interest 16 After finding customers,
ï§On the other hand, labour law flexibility allows employees to switch between employees competitors easily United kingdom ï§Since early 2000 U k. †s digital economy is steadily growing
4. Human capital and skills †equipping the labour force for industrial transformations notably by better anticipating skills needs and mismatches
and public policy experts in the field of e-business, to share experiences and best practices and
experts from various industries can subscribe as a mentor (cfr. Startup Britain's Local Champions
success stories of fostering digital entrepreneurship, available skills and experts in the market 2 Impact:
prerequisite for graduates with a good †match†to the evolving needs of the labour market
willing to hire non-European highly skilled employees and non-European graduates from European universities with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering or
which experts from various industries can subscribe as a mentor (cfr. Startup Britain's Local Champions
companies (of the total number of companies with 10 or more employees) use or have deployed
research consultants) and driven through the support of a dedicated project steering group Authors Patrick Lawlor, Senior Consultant &
Project Lead, CIRCA Group Europe /Adrian O†Donoghue, Policy & Research Officer Northern & Western Regional Assembly
Attitude to mistakes, tolerance of ambiguity employee empowerment and how decisions are made are all important aspects of an innovative culture and mindset of the firm
SMES (more than 10 employees Explore a Range of Sectors e g.,, Software, Medical, Natural resources Engineering Exporting;
-ful with over 30 employees but further growth was limited as the company was seen as a basic assembly shop with a
Twelve to fifteen companies, with two employees each, partic -ipate in workshops over three to four days.
employees each (one of which must be a CEO or senior manager on three half-day workshops over a two-week period.
support, from a suitably experienced design consultant, to support the implementation of the design project.
-rate provider, drawn from an Invest NI design consultant framework Participation in this programme costs Invest NI companies
Engineers Employers Federation 2009). ) Manufacturing in Wales Building a Balanced Economy on a Secure Manufacturing Base
more than 10 employees and operates in 3 stages Briefing events: potential participants will hear about the tools and
demonstrate that with the right mindset, tools, skills and expert mentoring †businesses can be transformed
/Ã ine Fox, Senior Executive, IMDA, IBEC /Aidan Gough, Strategy & Policy Director Intertradeireland /Bob Gray, Director, Red&grey Design &
/Patrick Lawlor, Senior Consultant The CIRCA Group Europe Laura Magahy, CEO MCO Projects Executive Chair Irish Design 2015 & Chair
and Innovation Consultants /Deirdre Mccormack, Chief Marketing Officer Mcor Technologies /Danny Mccoy, CEO, IBEC /Stephen Mcgowan, Director of Strategic
Adviser, Enterprise Ireland /Eugene Forde, Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment /Karen Hennessy, Chief executive Design and Crafts Council of Ireland
/Laura Magahy, CEO MCO Projects, Executive Chair Irish Design 2015 & Chair of the Design
The Health Service Executive (HSE) is finalising its ICT Strategy while at the same time progressing a number of key national initiatives notably NIMIS and the
Additionally, the Authority is working with a small expert group on the development of standard code sets for laboratory and radiology investigations
4) Health Service Executive. Transformation Programme 2007-2010.2006. Available online from www. hse. ie/eng/services/Publications/corporate/transformation. pdf. Accessed on:
delegate specific tasks to members of the committee or domain experts coopted to projects undertaken by the committee,
communities, professional bodies and domain experts who should be consulted on depending on the particular standard being developed
than 86,000 companies and 900,000 employees, the industry is an important factor for job creation in Germany.
technologies on employment and labour markets, health protection and business organisations. Working together with the social partners, we will develop new, economically
It offers employees more flexible and family-friendly ways of working. The phenomenon can not only help to secure skilled workers
but also boost tax revenues and social insurance contribu -tions At the same time, digitisation is giving rise to new challenges
The possible effects of digitisation on employee co determination must also be taken into account. Further -more, a noticeable impact on employment trends is to be
The skillsets of employees and job seekers will need to evolve to meet the requirements of digitisation, such as
workers are a key requirement for growth, innovation and prosperity. Demographic trends are directly affecting the
and safety for employees with new working arrangements such as crowdsourcing or new working hour arrangements
Businesses and employees alike face particular challenges in updating their skills to tackle work in the digital world
of Foreign Professional qualifications Act (Anerkennungsâ gesetz), which promotes the recognition of foreign profes -sional qualifications, remains a priority in this area
with interested experts. We are coordinating and partici -pating in decision-making processes in the ITU€ s radio sec
experts process at UN level Moreover zz We are actively supporting the discussion processes in the UN Human rights Council and the UN General
employing large-scale data analysis tools to analyse the impact of foreign-born workers in the US economy.
encouraging more graduates to become job creators, not job seekers ITU has a long history in helping young people to become entrepreneurs and launch ICT careers.
3 New employment opportunities †Macro sectors...11 3. 1 Agriculture...12 3. 2 Health...13
interviews to field experts, conducted by the teams of each country 5 World bank. World Development Report 2013:
three out of four workers are engaged in the informal sector. Although these jobs count as employment
) 10 Protracted adverse labour market conditions have led youth to give up completely their job search or seek additional education
troubling trend has emerged that experts call the skills mismatch. The skills mismatch is where â€oeover
States) only 43 per cent of employers said they could find employees with the right skills. 14 This mismatch
between what employers are looking for in new workers and the skills young people possess is
or neither in the labour force nor in education or training. †16 12 Ibid. 1
Among those in the Labour force %Unemployed%Underemployed %Employed full time for an employer 15-to 29-year-olds 15 26 43
30-to 49-year-olds 5 13 46 50-to 69-year-olds 5 13 36
The costs of NEET youth alienation from the European labour market shows that absorbing just 20
per cent of this population into the labour market would save nations in the European union more than
The labour market in the developing world is highly diverse and can range from the prevalence of self
employers continue to offer certain jobs only to men, as they believe hiring women will entail labour costs
Employment opportunities do not necessarily increase with higher levels of education. In countries such as Argentina, Chile, and Peru there exists a higher concentration of unemployment among youth with
wherein there is stronger demand for workers with a college education than those with secondary education
Labour market conditions for young people remain dire, despite advances in educational attainment over the past two decades. 37 Gender disparities are also common in this region, with 42.6 per cent of young
The situation of the youth labour market is in many ways different to that in Latin america and the Arab
and for skilled blue-collar workers. †46 The region has high numbers of university graduates in fields highly
desired by employers today, like science, technology, and math. 47 This mismatch is demonstrated in surveys indicating high rates of employer dissatisfaction with the availability of skilled workers, 40 per
39 World bank, The Road Not Traveled: Education Reform in the middle East and North africa, Executive Summary Washington, D c.,2007), 11
and ILO estimates that 70 per cent of the working poor youth are engaged in the agricultural sector. 51 Jobs in this sector are usually informal, with no benefits, protection, and subject to
Africa has the highest rate of working poor, estimated at 40.1 per cent in 2012.58 More than three out of
four workers are engaged in the informal sector. 59 This is far high than all other regions except South Asia
average of 2. 1 million young people will be entering the labour market every year between 2011 and
3 New employment opportunities †Macro sectors The diffusion of ICTS is occurring across all economic sectors and job categories.
In today†s job market basic ICT skills are considered essential for people entering the workforce and for those trying to find a
opportunities in the offshore services sector where the majority of employees are youth 3. 1 Agriculture
The Community Knowledge Worker (CKW) programme is an initiative of The Grameen Foundation in Uganda that features a network of information intermediaries using mobile
organizations and other experts to curate content and administer the services. Currently there are 98 CKWS operating in Eastern Uganda,
health workers and patients outside regular office visits 3. Improve diagnosis and treatment: Technology improves clinical performance,
and the opportunity to incorporate into the labour market marginalized groups like rural women or unemployed youth.
Most workers are likely to require specialized training in order to fill the knowledge gap between local education systems and the high-quality standards required to serve the global market. 77
had achieved significant growth with 25 000 employees in 65 centres, compared to 9 000 employees each in El salvador and Guatemala. 79 Since these countries principally serve the
Hispanic market, the use of â€oespanglish†by clients requires call centre agents to also understand English.
workers with access to a relatively basic digital infrastructure. 80 The global increase in the use of mobile technologies is playing a key role in expanding employment
â€oeapp economy†83 might generate new employment opportunities for young people around the world Many young computer programmers are finding jobs working directly for software development firms.
While it may be skilled common for, educated workers to use existing web-based job-matching services to
many workers may not have access to job postings on the internet and may lack the
Employers may find it hard to identify lower-skilled workers for entry-level jobs in developing countries as many of the job matching
services target more qualified candidates Mobile phones are becoming an important tool for job seekers and there are a number of job-matching
services in the developing world that simplify the job search process. These services are proving to be very
Souktel†s Jobmatch Program connects thousands of job seekers in the Arab States with employers who are looking for staff through an easy-to-use SMS and mobile audio
technology. Employers enter job openings into Souktel's database. Young job seekers use their mobile phones to create
and update personal profiles in Souktel's system. When position openings match job seekers†qualifications, they are notified via text message.
Souktel†s mobile-based job search functionality is especially useful in the middle East and Africa where young women may not have the same freedoms to seek employment through conventional
group, such as paid employees. 85 84 World bank, Information and Communications for Development 2012: Maximizing Mobile, 75
multiple workers complete a single task that has been broken down into small units (similar to microwork
Other models are qualified based on matching workers with a particular project; workers will then complete the project individually or as part of a team.
Most workers are compensated via electronic payment systems, such as Paypal. Crowdsourcing is becoming increasingly popular as a way for employers
to instantaneously increase their workforce †without the investment and commitments associated with hiring full-time employees †though,
as critics point out, this also enables companies to avoid providing social benefits such as healthcare for these workers.
The Crowdsourcing Examples Wiki maintains a comprehensive list of businesses, sites, and forums that use crowdsourcing. 86
Crowdflower Crowdflower is one of the largest crowdsourcing platforms, offering a range of services from
and can access up to half a million workers to dispatch diverse tasks and provide near-real time answers.
workers across geographic boundaries, using the internet or mobile phones. Workers are paid small amounts of money for completing each task.
Microwork favours tasks that cannot be automated readily and that can be completed in a few seconds by a worker without special skills
or training, like tagging products on an e-commerce site Referred to as a kind of digital blue-collar work,
Microwork benefits workers in developing countries, especially women and young people who tend to experience higher unemployment and
More than 1 million workers earned a total of USD 1 billion to USD2 billion in the past
employing people with limited opportunities for sustainable employment as principal workers in business process outsourcing centres to provide high-quality, information-based services to domestic and
Workers develop capacity including computer skills and English Website: www. samasource. org 4. 3 Apps development
employment opportunities for young people around the world. The rapid rise of smartphones, tablets and social media,
as help developers and entrepreneurs to connect with potential investors, experts, and public sector leaders The mlabs are complemented by eight mhubs,
An estimated 100 000 young, low-skilled workers in China and Viet nam earn their primary income by outsourcing their services to gaming platforms. 102 The
employee to play the character for the customer until a desired level is reached 105 Lehdonvirta and Ernkvist.
lift tens of millions of workers out of poverty. 106 A recent OECD report argues that promoting ICT skills in
experts have developed new literacy frameworks in order to describe and delineate other types of ICT skills. These go by such names such as digital literacy, information literacy, ICT
hospital employees must be able to use medical records systems order supplies, manage appointments and perform other routine tasks on a computer that used to be
Even in many jobs that do not entail contact with a computer employers are screening for
117 Author Chris Coward†s interviews in southern Viet nam of several light manufacturing facilities revealed that employers
required job applicants to have computer skills even though they would not use computers in their tasks
they propose a comprehensive framework that exemplifies the types of competencies many experts note are required to be digitally literate. 118
with global experts, web literacies refers to â€oenot only being able to read the web
•employee connection services •information on local labour markets •sector-specific training, often in collaboration with industry
•language training, especially English 6 Entrepreneurship skills and support It is recognized widely that entrepreneurship is a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growth
and employment opportunities around the world. In developing countries successful small businesses are the primary engines of job creation, income growth,
for youth lies in their ability to become job creators rather than job seekers This chapter addresses the skills
are key to helping young people create employment opportunities for themselves and their communities 128 David Rowan, â€oewant to become an Internet billionaire?
and meet experts. They can also receive dedicated mentorship support and open a round of
Experts think that MOOCS, OERS, and OCW constitute a disruptive technology in education. MOOCS are
contacts with peers and experts in the field of interest; thus collaborative learning offers networking
A number of initiatives have been created to help employees get the required ICTS skills on the job. These initiatives are designed to prepare youth for a better and more
work alongside more experienced workers they acquire and develop many of the same ICT and soft skills
Education experts call this connectivism, where â€oeknowledge isn†t a set of isolated facts to be memorized.
For employers, certificates remain an important mechanism to assess the credentials of potential job candidates.
Companies require evidence that new employees possess the skills needed for tasks that they will perform in their jobs
Employers assign great weight to such certificates when the credentialing entity is recognized well known and in the country for high
â€oebackpack†where they can be displayed online for potential employers and others to view One distinctive feature of badges is that they contain information about assessment and other metadata
that can be useful to employers to understand, for example, precisely what skills have been learned, a level of granularity that is unavailable in other forms of accreditation.
preparing students to meet the demands of a changing job market. 177 The report emphasizes that formal
Many experts have linked the limitations of the educational systems to a lack of real integration of ICTS in
One of the chief complaints from employers is that they cannot find qualified labour to fill the vacancies
199 â€oecisco, †QA Apprenticeships, http://apprenticeships. qa. com/employers/corporate-bespoke-apprenticeships/qa -apprenticeships-at-cisco
OECD."Employment and Labour markets: Key Tables from OECD."OECD, 2012. www. oecd -ilibrary. org/employment/employment-and-labour markets-key-tables-from-oecd 20752342
Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 67 OECD. ICT Skills and Employment: New Competences and Jobs for a Greener and Smarter Economy
-work-ict-dramatically-reshaping-global-job market World bank. The Road Not Traveled: Education Reform in the middle East and North africa, Executive
Summary. Washington, D c.:World bank, 2007 World bank. Striving For Better Jobs: The Challenge of Informality in the middle East and North africa
constituencies (customers, partners, suppliers, employees, etc..ERM goes beyond customer relationship management (CRM Flipped classroom An instructional model where students view video lectures and other online
and/or other experts come together to collaborate and produce software projects, apps, and other solutions
employee recruitment, selection, assessment and other functions Impact sourcing Socially responsible business process outsourcing (i e. by employing people from
3 New employment opportunities-Macro sectors 3. 1 Agriculture 3. 2 Health 3. 3 Offshore services
while customers, employees, and a new generation of young people are asking business to step up
The best companies once took on a broad range of roles in meeting the needs of workers
performance, and employee retention and capability The Connection Between Competitive Advantage and Social Issues There are numerous ways in
Society benefits because employees and their families Page 5 of 13creating Shared Value-Harvard Business Review
and the firm minimizes employee absences and lost productivity. The graphic below depicts some areas
Employee productivity The focus on holding down wage levels, reducing benefits, and offshoring is beginning to give way to an awareness of the
and opportunities for advancement for employees have on productivity. Many companies, for example, traditionally sought to minimize the cost of â€oeexpensive†employee health care
coverage or even eliminate health coverage altogether. Today leading companies have learned that because of lost workdays
and diminished employee productivity, poor health costs them more than health benefits do. Take Johnson & johnson. By
helping employees stop smoking (a two-thirds reduction in the past 15 years) and implementing numerous other wellness
these kinds of employee approaches would spread even faster Location Business thinking has embraced the myth that location no longer matters,
traditionally shipped its nuts from Africa to Asia for processing at facilities staffed by productive Asian workers.
and training workers in Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, and CÃ'te d†Ivoire, Olam has cut processing
racial discrimination reduces the pool of capable employees. Poverty limits the demand for products and leads to
environmental degradation, unhealthy workers, and high security costs. As companies have increasingly become disconnected from their communities,
In inefficient or monopolized markets where workers are exploited, where suppliers do not receive fair prices, and where price
Workforce development initiatives, for example, increase the supply of skilled employees for many other firms as well
employees Creating shared value will require concrete and tailored metrics for each business unit in each of the three areas.
to customers, suppliers, and workers The next Evolution in Capitalism Shared value holds the key to unlocking the next wave of business innovation and growth.
employees and citizens and the increased scarcity of natural resources, will drive unprecedented opportunities to create shared
panels of individual experts (annual reviews. There will also be an impact assessment in January 2014, a report for the use of European stakeholders, including citizens.
†PNO CONSULTANTS LIMITED-Cheadle Hulme, UK †POLIBIENESTAR, UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA-Valencia, Spain †PURPOSE EUROPE-London, UK
networks of citizen experts around client's needs 16. Elgg http://elgg. org Elgg is an award-winning social networking engine
and experts that come together around the joint commitment of enabling more sustainable lifestyles 20. GNUNET https://gnunet. org GNUNET is a framework for secure peer-to-peer
who were not able to contribute to this book sprint will provide their expert views in the
Senior Expert (Advisor) Digital Social Innovation 4 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
accountability and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories
-titioners, researchers, experts, and poliy makers from different European coun -tries, as it was very important for the DSI
employees etc What they were trying to achieve with their service, including any evidence they have
-ment policy experts Engaging citizens and nonprofits to find new ideas These labs focus on opening up government to voices and ideas from outside the sys
key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed and how
statistical sources for measuring input (such as firm level micro data, R&d statistics, labour force survey), which could evolve
Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG; Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation
Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe 2020
We would also like to thank the experts from around Europe who attended our DSI policy workshop in Brussels on
numerous experts in the Europe and internationally, some of them are researchers or commentators, others are
expert and practitioner It was commissioned by DG Regional and Urban Policy (European commission) under the supervision
or where experts arrive at solutions by linear analysis. Social innovation practices tend to be looser,
experts in social issues. They work intensively on developing a single idea over a 48-hour period.
Ratio of retirees to workers in Europe will double to 54%by 2050 IMF); ) Only 49%of men between the ages of 55 to 65 work (OECD
) Resolving labour shortages (42%)and enhancing reputation and standing in the community (38 %•150 million Europeans †some 30%-have used never the internet.
welfare systems with active labour market policy, or linking health and long term care, illustrate just how difficult it is to reform these systems,
involving workers, customers and stakeholders affected by its business activity. †23 Basically, this covers enterprises for which the social or societal objective of the common good is the reason for
and the inclusiveness of the labour market in the Member States and their regions. Over the period 2007-2013 some â 75 billion is being
This network has been set up by the Workers'Educational Association in the East midlands of the United kingdom with European Social Fund support.
solutions to their social, cultural, educational, health or labour market related problems The project organises drop in sessions in local community premises or face-to-face learning
others are managed by external experts or by local organisations which are themselves the result of local initiatives
provide employment opportunities for people facing disadvantages or provide social services and/or goods and services to persons in risk of poverty or exclusion.
social enterprise Fusion 21 in the UK46 places apprentices and other workers from Merseyside†s
The types of trades comprise mason assistants, carpenters, painters, building workers pavers, green space maintenance staff, plumbers, metal workers, plasterboard, and external
cleaners The city has encouraged also the development of support structures for individuals. The †Entreprise
hours of work for disadvantaged people were produced benefiting 266 employees ï 133 enterprises were mobilised through these works
Employment agencies brought in migrants from Portugal and East Timor and, following accession to the EU in 2004, from Poland and Lithuania.
housing, social services, immigration and other issues with specialist advisers. Their work has led to improvements in the terms imposed by unscrupulous employment agencies.
They have addressed housing problems, racial harassment and registration with doctors STEP uses a rights-based model to help empower migrants in their relationships with authorities.
employ around one-third of private sector employees and produce about 20%of output The EU now has a number of funds and instruments for supporting microfinance
Obstacles to this goal include the significant worker-time invested in social and training support to clients before and after delivering loans
enterprises by those excluded from the labour market The Hiriko car was launched by President Barroso on 27th january 201274.
business types of cooperation and employment opportunities with a strong social dimension Thirdly, it is an excellent illustration of the finest use that can be made of European social funds. â€
modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately more productive and open to
addressing both social and technological challenges In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been
Google, which allows employees to spend 20%of their time on their own projects, and IKEA which
practices stand-up round-table meetings among other innovative practices allowing employees to tackle problems as they arise with minimum management interference
management and employees to explore more productive ways of working Results based entrepreneurship in The netherlands
an expert to help them implement the method. The voucher covers 50%of the cost up to a
been followed up by all shop floor supervisors and is going to be implemented in other production units 46
citizens, interviews with experts, consultation committees and talks with organisations such as trade unions and business representatives.
In thematic objective (8) promoting employment and supporting labour mobility, the possible support for the development of business incubators
the development of curricula and the labour market integration of parents. Innovative actions can only be implemented effective
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