The best companies once took on a broad range of roles in meeting the needs of workers
traditionally shipped its nuts from Africa to Asia for processing at facilities staffed by productive Asian workers.
and training workers in Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, and CÃ'te d†Ivoire, Olam has cut processing
environmental degradation, unhealthy workers, and high security costs. As companies have increasingly become disconnected from their communities,
In inefficient or monopolized markets where workers are exploited, where suppliers do not receive fair prices, and where price
to customers, suppliers, and workers The next Evolution in Capitalism Shared value holds the key to unlocking the next wave of business innovation and growth.
Ratio of retirees to workers in Europe will double to 54%by 2050 IMF); ) Only 49%of men between the ages of 55 to 65 work (OECD
involving workers, customers and stakeholders affected by its business activity. †23 Basically, this covers enterprises for which the social or societal objective of the common good is the reason for
This network has been set up by the Workers'Educational Association in the East midlands of the United kingdom with European Social Fund support.
social enterprise Fusion 21 in the UK46 places apprentices and other workers from Merseyside†s
The types of trades comprise mason assistants, carpenters, painters, building workers pavers, green space maintenance staff, plumbers, metal workers, plasterboard, and external
cleaners The city has encouraged also the development of support structures for individuals. The †Entreprise
Obstacles to this goal include the significant worker-time invested in social and training support to clients before and after delivering loans
modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately more productive and open to
addressing both social and technological challenges In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been
The types of trades comprise mason assistants, carpenters, painters, building workers, pavers, green space maintenance staff, plumbers, metal workers, plasterboard, and external cleaners
The city has encouraged also the development of support structures for individuals. The †Entreprise d†insertionâ€
-troduce modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and the possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately
more productive and open to addressing both social and technological challenges. Work -place innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social
The mediators also play a fundamental role as integration outreach workers. Because they are immigrants themselves
•Earnings/gains from productivity growth tend to be concentrated heavily among high-income workers. At the
which have made it difficult for industry, innovators, workers and consumers to ful -ly exploit the benefits that an economy can generate.
-sumers and workers. These twelve priority projects range from worker mobility to SME finance and consumer protection, via digital content, taxation and trans-European net
-works, as well as social entrepreneurship As a response to the wide interest shown in the consultation process for the Single Mar
number of workers in this sector aged 15 to 64 stood at 22.3 million, i e. 10.5%of the total in all sectors
disadvantaged workers; and, the minimum required percentage of disabled or disad -vantaged employees is reduced from 50%to 30%.
disadvantaged workers who can benefit from the measures to support their recruitment and extends the list of costs that are eligible for aid for compensating the additional
costs of employing workers with disabilities 3. 1. 5. 7. Employee financial participation Employee financial participation (EFP) can be defined as the participation of employees
relevant business sectors, for enterprises, their workers and other stakeholders to make public commitments on the CSR issues relevant to each sector and jointly monitor pro
margins †to the local managers and workers on the shop floor, as well as to the consumers themselves
degradation and invisibility of garbage workers. 12 She set out to do the 1 PROMPTS, INSPIRATIONS AND DIAGNOSES 23
husband mistreating his wife/factory owner exploiting the workers etc Boal called this and other types of participatory theatre, the †Theatre
front line workers, who are placed often best to identify problems. This approach was pioneered by Toyota and plays an important step in their
of front line workers, professionals, and citizens. Within universities the usual form is a grant, often with few conditions to allow a group of
Taking innovative front line workers out of service roles and putting them into incubators or prestigious time-limited roles
as consumers, or workers or participants, but their culture is social, are committed to the communities in which they operate, providing work, services, and
and engaging individuals as workers. In some cases, firms have used the particular relations that characterise households as a channel for selling.
from managers to front line workers 323) †Top slicing†departmental budgets for innovation, for example, 1 per
392) Supporting front line workers as innovators such as the joint IDEO /Kaiser permanente (KP) project in the US.
sector workers to volunteer for socially innovative projects 394) Secondments of public sector employees into †skunk worksâ€, innovation
collaboration between public service workers and civil society, and make the boundaries between them more fluid
worker cooperatives and employs over 100,000 people. The network†s bank, the Caja Laboral, provides credit to the co-ops that it helps to set
-nological†for example, using the mobile telephones to support frontline workers or using cable television or the Internet to strengthen local communities.
Finally, the name of the employing workers indicator set has been changed to labor market regulation, and the
on benefits provided to workers. The labor market regulation indicators continue to be excluded from the aggregate distance to frontier score and ranking on the
formerly employing workers) are included not in this year†s aggregate ease of doing business ranking, but the
redundancy of workers and the rigidity of working hours This year, for the first time, the indicators measuring
regulation indicators (formerly the employing workers indicators) with the letter and spirit of the International
http://www. doingbusiness. org/methodology/employing-workers Doing Business 2015 presents the data for the labor
economies, several assumptions about the worker and the business are used The worker ï Is a cashier in a supermarket or a grocery store
ï Is a full-time employee ï Is not a member of the labor union, unless membership is mandatory
grant workers more benefits than those mandated by law, regulation or (if applicable collective bargaining agreements
Employment laws are needed to protect workers from arbitrary or unfair treatment and to ensure efficient contracting between employers and workers.
Many economies that changed their labor market regulation in the past 5 years did so in ways that increased labor
wage to the average value added per worker. The average value added per worker is the ratio of an
economy†s GNI per capita to the working-age population as a percentage of the total population
Minimum wage applicable to the worker assumed in the case study US$/month 1140.02 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 31
Source: Doing Business database 84 Spain Doing Business 2015 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Rigidity of hours index
workers with 1 year of tenure, 5 years of tenure and 10 years of tenure
Paid annual leave for a worker with 1 year of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave for a worker with 5 years of tenure (in working days) 22.0
Paid annual leave for a worker with 10 years of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure, in
working days 22.0 Source: Doing Business database 85 Spain Doing Business 2015 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Difficulty of redundancy index
Difficulty of redundancy index looks at 9 questions:(i what the length is in months of the maximum
disallowed as a basis for terminating workers;(iii whether the employer needs to notify a third party (such
worker;( (iv) whether the employer needs to notify a third party to terminate a group of 9 redundant workers;(
v whether the employer needs approval from a third party to terminate 1 redundant worker;(vi) whether the
employer needs approval from a third party to terminate a group of 9 redundant workers;(vii) whether the law
requires the employer to reassign or retrain a worker before making the worker redundant;(viii) whether
priority rules apply for redundancies; and (ix) whether priority rules apply for reemployment Difficulty of redundancy index Data
Maximum length of probationary period (months) 2. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed? No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed? Yes
Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed? No Retraining or reassignment obligation before redundancy? No Priority rules for redundancies?
No Priority rules for reemployment? No Source: Doing Business database 86 Spain Doing Business 2015
LABOR MARKET REGULATION Redundancy cost Redundancy cost measures the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments and penalties due
when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weeks of salary. The average value of notice requirements and severance payments applicable to a
worker with 1 year of tenure, a worker with 5 years and a worker with 10 years is considered.
One month is recorded as 4 and 1/3 weeks Redundancy cost indicator (in salary weeks) Data
Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 1
Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 5 years of tenure 2. 1
Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 2. 1
Notice period for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure
Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 9 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 5 years of tenure 14.3
Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 28.6 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years
of tenure 15.2 Source: Doing Business database Social protection schemes and benefits & Labor disputes
Doing Business collects data on the existence of unemployment protection schemes as well as data on whether employers are required legally to provide
or for their workers to find affordable homes Running or hosting Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, Living Labs or Urban Labs:
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website with -out again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs or from a neighbouring city.
wage for workers assembling the devices Research: As described above a cornerstone of the Fairphone model is
-es are distributed amongst workers.  It†s all about opening up the supply chain, creating transparency
-rative tool for academics, legislators and government workers. Â Since any open-licensed project can be hosted on Github for free,
or for their workers to find affordable homes Running or hosting Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, Living Labs or Urban Labs:
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website with -out again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs or from a neighbouring city.
wage for workers assembling the devices Research: As described above a cornerstone of the Fairphone model is
-es are distributed amongst workers.  It†s all about opening up the supply chain, creating transparency
-rative tool for academics, legislators and government workers. Â Since any open-licensed project can be hosted on Github for free,
Job opportunities will be broadened as the networks require workers with new skills and integration across new technology areas
Europe is skilled not short of technical workers Schools and universities produce a steady flow of graduates trained in software programming, network
The Mismatched Worker. New york: W. W. Norton & Company Keck, Margaret E, . and Kathryn Sikkink.
A Comparison of Older and Younger Workers. †American Journal of Industrial Medicine 47: 104†112,2005
healthcare workers to exchange ideas and provide medical solutions to various problems Mbarika, 2004. Healthnet uses low earth orbit satellites and phonelines to provide email
Users mainly physicians and medical workers connect to the network through Enhancing healthcare delivery through ICTS 147
•Levels of motivation of health workers which is associated with level of facilitation remuneration, workload, provision of quality training which includes number of trainers
availability of equipment, promotional activities and number of skilled health workers and proper management •Effectiveness of monitoring of immunisation activities which involves the following
motivation of health workers Figure 2: Causal Loop Diagram for Healthcare System Two balancing loops B1 and B2 where a balancing loop is a negative feedback system that is
An increase in demand results in increased workload which reduces health worker motivation resulting in reduced level of service
and reporting as well as well-motivated health workers Insights from the causal loop diagram In order to reduce the disease burden, eventually to the point of eradication,
2. Health worker motivation. The provision of immunization services requires highly motivated health workers who are trained well,
remunerated, facilitated and with acceptable workload 3. Effective monitoring of immunization activities by carrying out regular supervisions of
practices, transport, management of human resource (health workers) and vaccine wastage •Monitoring and reporting of immunisation activities which involves carrying out reviews
delivery of vaccines to avoid stock outs, training of community workers. The majority of health
facilities (5) stated that they needed to increase the number of health workers as well as training.
the health workers. The tally sheets are forwarded to the health district level for entry into a
Health workers will use the PDA to access immunization information (diseases, vaccines, side effects, immunization schedule, stock management) from the immunization content management system.
children, health workers as well as preparing requisitions and facilitate distributions of vaccines to the various health sub districts and health units.
administration, storage, side effects through online accessibility to the medical workers as well as the public improving their attitude towards immunization
for operational level health workers. UNEPI/TRA Borooah, V. K.,(2003. Gender bias among children in India in their diet and immunization
During the 1980s, one in about 25 workers lost a job, and in the 1990s the figured has risen to one in 20 workers
9. Much of the policy debate about globalisation has revolved around a trade-off between maintaining higher wages at the cost of higher unemployment versus favoring higher levels of employment
yet the number of workers who can contribute to producing and commercialising new knowledge is limited to a few areas in the world.
and other knowledge workers †as agents endowed with new economic knowledge 34. When the focus shifts from the firm to the individual as the relevant unit of observation, the
a knowledge worker may choose to exit the firm or university where the knowledge was created initially.
and in a worker. The firm is created endogenously through the worker†s effort to appropriate the value of his knowledge through innovative activity
which are made easier by the mobility of workers and technicians, the activity of technical consultants,
even the sectors that employ highly educated workers are affected by structural problems Regional human capital needs to be upgraded
accounting also for large numbers of self-employed workers in the construction and tourism industries In part it also suggests a degree of buoyancy in the construction sector
workers employed The R&d system Andalusia underperforms Spain as whole in most R&d-related indicators.
Higher levels of human capital create returns not only in terms of worker productivity but also of higher wages (Becker, 1965.
expertise, resulting in rising demand for college-educated workers relative to their supply (Katz &
bid up for those workers who possess high levels of human capital while, due to falling demand
wages fall or stagnate for less educated workers. Yet, institutions also play a role: national policies
significant opposition to loosening immigration laws for workers, particularly among less-skilled Spaniards (Martã nez i Coma and Duval-Hernã¡
workers, and low productivity. Although the overreliance of the region on the construction industry †and the subsequent collapse of the housing bubble †clearly contributes to these factors, even the
sectors that employ highly educated workers are experiencing structural problems. Andalusia presents an example of †badly used human capitalâ€:
as the educational attainment of resident workers has increased, this is not employed appropriately enough to contribute significantly to economic growth
from a region from which uneducated workers out-migrate to one which attracts immigrant workers to
unemployed and employed workers (Formacã on Profesional por el Empleo †FPL), entrepreneurship education (partly),
either dislocated or incumbent workers. Initially conceived as an employment policy, it is now managed by the Regional Ministry of Employment in coordination with the Ministry of
Unions also collaborate in the training of workers with the Ministry of Employment 6 Recently, the government has created a new institution to regulate vocational training in the
an initiative of the Regional Ministry of Employment to train more than 1 000 students, workers and
redundant workers of the aeronautic sector 7 Spanish Minister of Education discourse in the Congress on February 2010, available at
the university offerings focus mostly on connecting high-tech workers and start-ups to entrepreneurship skills, a variety of other programs help traditional businesses and low-skilled workers
While hiring Phd-level workers might be key for highly innovative companies in IT or biotechnology sectors, the reality is that most SMES in Andalusia are highly dependent on
workers trained in energy efficient technologies. Bolstering the production chain of the cluster via training strategies will allow the expansion of the local market for these services and products †a
Training workers can take months or years, while firms need quick and flexible access to labour to compete in the global market
wages and advancement potential for workers, but also try to change internal labor market practices such as management and mentoring in order to make workers more productive (Giloth 2000
Because they focus on a single sector, these types of programs offer economies of scale and scope They organize groups of firms that require similar worker skill sets,
obtaining economies of scale by working across a variety of different firms in one industry. Additional synergies come from bringing
employment broker, introducing workers to prospective employers. An impressive set of evaluations has shown that these initiatives have significant and positive impacts on the employability, wages, and
Use or renting of facilities 8. 1 Training of firm workers by the Universities 15.2 Other types of collaborative
9. Improve the adaptability of workers and enterprises, and the flexibility of labour markets 10. Invest more in human capital through better education and skills
forms of traditional skill and knowledge of products embodied in the workers and owners of SMES
Maskell, 1998): 80 percent of workers are in trade unions while members of employer associations account for 55 percent of private sector employees (Anderson and Mailand, 2005.
area, but again the effects of the crisis might change the scenario and prompt more redundant workers
mainly SME€ s (as 80 percent of Walloon companies account for less than 50 workers employs around 10,000 people (40 percent of employment of the Walloon chemical industry
technologies (skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customers). ) Adjustments to AMT may as a result lead to adjustments to the product produced
dealing with new technologies (skills of workers, coordination among departments integration of suppliers and customers
in-house capabilities for dealing with new technologies-skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customers-may be missing and cannot
-skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customers -may be missing and cannot be built up in short term.
 workers    Smart  spaces  and  cool  co- †working
 workers  is  not  lost  or  diluted  as Â
availability of highly-educated workers; venture capital; state-of-the-art knowledge. Furthermore, the author concludes that the resulting changes in NSI stimulated
retirees, graduate students, professional workers in various disciplines, ordinary citizens, and research-based and proï t-seeking
Finally, OI hinges on the supply and mobility of highly-skilled knowledge workers Hence, education and training need to be linked closely to innovation policies
knowledge workers. Sixth, policy-makers may need to move away from funding innovation in single ï rms and towards networks
displaced Talk Talk workers. The specific actions to be progressed are set out below C1. IDA actions underway
EI is progressing a number of actions to support the Talk Talk workers impacted. Initiatives to
support workers in redundancy situations In October 2011 Skillnets announced an investment of â 250,000 for the immediate provision
 Continue to progress the application for workers who have lost employment to benefit for training and other support under the European Globalisation Fund
to close its contact centre in Waterford City is a devastating blow to the workers concerned
contraction in the number of new employment permits issued to workers in the South East
the permits were issued to workers in the personal services occupations, agriculture related occupation, sales and healthcare.
workers. Although the South East is home to some major BPO/SS/SSC activities such as Rigney Dolphin
assist the displaced Talk Talk workers, and these are set out at the end of this chapter This review of the BPO/SSC indicates potential for growth and transformation for the sector
training programme to healthcare workers and its co-ordination of a series of master classes
displaced Talk Talk workers. The specific actions to be progressed are set out below C1. IDA actions underway
EI is progressing a number of actions to support the Talk Talk workers impacted. Initiatives to
 Continue to progress the application for workers who have lost employment to benefit for training and other support under the European Globalisation Fund
significant contraction in the number of new employment permits issued to workers in the South East region between 2004 and 2010 †the number declined from approximately 940 to
Most of the permits were issued to workers in the personal services occupations, agriculture relayed occupation, sales and healthcare
ï§Productivity levels (using GVA31 per worker as an indicator) are considerably lower than the State average
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 59,774 â 76,799 â 103,104 GVA per person â 26,566 â 36,606 â 51,596
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 58,922 â 76,799 â 103,104 GVA per person â 27,469 â 36,606 â 51,596
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 53,216 â 76,799 â 103,104 GVA per person â 24,496 â 36,606 â 51,596
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 91,366 â 76,799 â 103,104 GVA per person â 42,961 â 36,606 â 51,596
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 66,098 â 76,799 â 103,104 GVA per person â 31,859 â 36,606 â 51,596
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 57,864 â 76,799 â 103,104 GVA per person â 26,735 â 36,606 â 51,596
%GVA per worker (productivity) â 103,104 â 57,871 â 76,799 GVA per person â 51,596 â 28,387 â 36,606
Productivity Levels as measured by GVA per worker (State=100 %Source: CSO National Accounts, Database Direct
workers whose skill sets are less in demand. Again, the Iots in the region will have a key role
immediate Industrial Age where information workers were prized In 2014 education is at the dawn of a third paradigm of education.
and therefore hiring, more workers than in the other Nordics and than most European countries more generally
and workers should all be taken on board of the design process of RIS3. In other words this means that the governance model includes both the market
worker, etc 1) Indicators should be selected to reflect the programme's objectives and intervention logic
scientists and qualified workers in third countries To capture the growth opportunities notably in developing countries and emerging economies
•Workers lay an oil pipeline, Kazakhstan  Oleg Nikishin/Epsilon/Panos Pictures •Iridimi refugee camp in Eastern Chad for Sudanese people fleeing the violence in
through SMART Padala, a service offered jointly by SMART and TRAVELEX to Overseas Filipino Workers
for help transitioning workers into new positions, for example displaced auto workers in Detroit or furniture
workers in North carolina Other MIC offerings include basic business training; â€oesoft skills†training in presenting, teamwork, and other
which help in attracting knowledge workers and leading-edge high technology industries (e g.,, Florida 2004, 2005a), places which
process by enhancing learning abilities of workers, firms and †systemsâ€. This philosophy also is the basis for the more recent concept of territorial innovation systems, which
-ments and workers compared to the 1980s. In terms of turnover and industrial em -ployment Prato†s local system ranks second in Tuscany after the Florentine area and it
They also recognize that it is not enough to just have IT workers who are trained in one
rather workers must be engaged constantly in learning and upgrading their skills profiles. About one third of the TLS companies (representing 45%of the sector
while skilled jobs for educated workers are being created at a faster pace in most countries (Pianta, 2004.
high levels of worker skills have better firm innovation performance. Thus, the following hypothesis can be formulated
which manages the timetables of all individual workers and automatically links these data to the payroll application.
The system has had some implications for the company's office workers (about 50 employees). ) As processes and applications are now running in remote mode (and no
10 of them internal IT workers and 10 external workers. The project is very profitable, and a proof of this is that ALSA is going to create the 4th generation website
and professional workers who are capable of taking full advantage of the ICT systems. Sometimes this point is also a challenge for
For this task, ALSA used both internal and external workers. The development and maintenance of certain parts of the system,
i e. the workers. The planning tool is adopted highly in the company, and it has a lot of users.
Workers do need not to take the manager away from his/her primary job. Rather the Warehouse management system directs the employee's actions based on the
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