Study on social innovation in Digital Agenda †SMART 2012/0049 This study focuses on mapping
rise of innovations like the Expert Patients programmes, or Patient Opinion Public policy has turned also towards the household, through innovations like
involving users at every stage as well as experts, bureaucrats and professionals; designing platforms which make it easy to assemble project
She decided to shake the hands of every one of the 8, 500 employees of
renowned experts spend between two and six months helping the government to identify problems and explore original solutions on issues
44) Quality circles are a group of employees who volunteer to meet up to identify, analyse and solve work-related problems.
idea that †the expert knows bestâ€. Many of these methods have been greatly helped by the ability of the internet to draw in a far wider range of people and
Visits from external experts can be an aid to training and formation or, as in the case of SEKEM, they can keep
of the employees and staff. It is always a useful exercise for a venture 4
how innovations can be diffused among service providers through experts intermediaries, and collaboration. However, we argue that the design of
199) Barefoot consultants. There is an important role for consultants and those with specialist knowledge †who can act as knowledge brokers and
advisers in the new systems. It is best if they seek to diffuse information acting as educators, rather than protecting their knowledge through
intellectual property and charging for access 5 98 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Organisation and scale
The Expert Patients Programme (NHS/EPP) is an example of this trend, where citizens with particular medical conditions provide
authorities, experts, and local citizens. Together they formulated and implemented a series of community-based interventions intended to
academic journals †which sit alongside consultants adept at looking at companies†IP, or their R&d pipelines, spotting patterns and possibilities
277) Innovation champions are individual consultants who produce ideas network to find what else is being tried,
Consultant for companies that develop eco products and designer of a line of eco-clothing.
experts in their respective fields 138 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Innovation platforms There are different types and forms of platforms,
seven people, including civil servants from the Regions, politicians, experts and citizens. Participants raise their own questions,
394) Secondments of public sector employees into †skunk worksâ€, innovation teams, and projects to develop service innovation
The Neighbourhood Renewal advisers in the UK are one example 1 166 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
401) Secondments of public sector employees to community organisations and private enterprises, and vice versa 402) Collaborative structures for more innovative service design
decision-making more expert and more democratic. †Democracy Journal. †No. 7, Winter 2008 1
517) Users as producers †such as the Expert Patients Programme, which teaches users to manage their own health conditions more effectively
We have been experimenting participatory methodology to engage practicioners, experts and policy makers in the generation of DSI policy policy ideas, issuse and future scenarios.
brought together over 70 DSI practitioners, experts, and policy makers from different European countries. As main outcome of the workshop, ï¿
final DSI event with more than 400 DSI policy makers, experts and practitioners in Brussels, December 16 2014.
presentations and panel discussion from European DSI experts. The primary focus of the session was to engage the DSI community in kicking off the DSI research
day workshop at the European commission which brought together 75+DSI policy makers, experts and practitioners from across Europe to discuss
summit brought together 198 experts (157 domestic and 41 international) in order to generate policy proposals to boost the productive exchange matrix in Ecuador.
experts in Northern ireland can capitalise on the potential for digital technology for social good Fed in to case study selection
Employees Professional employees inside the company Working with professional within inside and outside the company
boundaries and designated experts technocrats Knowledge and information from inside and outside the organizational boundaries of governments
becoming more popular to source experts and expertise in different areas There are many examples of interesting online platforms.
The workshop brought together over 70 DSI practitioners, researchers, experts, and policy makers from different European countries,
To summarise the preliminary themes that have emerged from the community of experts and practitioners of
including what became the Expert Patients Programme in the U k. National Health Service; similarly the open-source methods have taken models from aca
was attributed equally to a lower investment per employee and to a slowdown in the rate of technological progressâ€
designated agent (usually an employee) and outsources it to an undeï ned, generally large group of people in the form of an open call
reality through formal ontologies and imposed by experts mediating on behalf of the users. The formal languages used have a high expressive power,
but due to their complexity the codiï cation requires mediation by experts. As a consequence, due to the scarcity of human resources, very limited aspects of the †real world†have been described
formal ontologies by domain experts. Loose associations of concepts and a greater ï exibility and adaptability
28) An †epistemic community†is a network of knowledge-based experts or groups with an authoritative claim to policy-relevant
business owners and employees. Legal entities can outlive their founders. Resources are pooled as several shareholders join forces to start a company
And their employees can benefit from protections provided by the law. An additional benefit comes with limited liability companies.
ï Has between 10 and 50 employees ï Conducts general commercial or industrial activities WHAT THE STARTING A BUSINESS
ï Has 60 builders and other employees The warehouse ï Is valued at 50 times income per capita
information collected from experts in construction licensing, including architects, civil engineers construction lawyers, construction firms, utility
ï Have 50 employees each, all of whom are nationals The property (fully owned by the seller
ï Has up to 50 employees ï is owned 100%domestically, as is the lender The ranking of economies on the ease of getting
(i e. before tax claims and employee claims) when a debtor defaults outside an insolvency procedure
(i e. before tax claims and employee claims) when a business is liquidated Yes are secured creditors subject to an automatic stay on enforcement
Employee paid-Social security contributions 0 paid jointly 6. 35 %gross salaries 0 withheld Value added tax (VAT) 1 online filing 44 21
case study assumes that the court hears an expert on the quality of the goods in dispute.
*Court appointment of independent expert: Judge appoints, either at the parties'request or at his own
initiative, an independent expert to decide whether the quality of the goods Plaintiff delivered to
Notification of court-appointment of independent expert: The court notifies both parties that the court is
appointing an independent expert (see assumption 5-b *Delivery of expert report by court-appointed expert:
The independent expert, appointed by the court delivers his or her expert report to the court (see assumption 5-b
Witnesses and a court-appointed independent expert may be heard and questioned at the oral hearing 23
employees hired through temporary-work agencies as well as on those applying to permanent employees or
employees hired on fixed-term contracts. The indicators also cover additional areas of labor market regulation
including social protection schemes and benefits as well as labor disputes Over the period from 2007 to 2011 improvements were
employee termination, weekend work, holiday with pay, night work, protection against unemployment and medical care and sickness benefits.
employer and employee representatives, and experts from the ILO, the Organisation for Economic Co -operation and Development (OECD), civil society and the
ï Is a full-time employee ï Is not a member of the labor union, unless membership is mandatory
in the economy) with 60 employees ï Operates a supermarket or grocery store in the economy†s largest business city.
health insurance for employees with permanent contracts Doing Business also assesses the mechanisms available to resolve labor disputes.
Health insurance existing for permanent employees? Yes Availability of courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG; Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation
Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe 2020
experts, practitioners or key policy makers were identified also, and interviewed. We conducted in depth semi-structured interviews following a common protocol,
-neurs/practice leads, their employees, and relevant DSI communities. The appendix shows the case studies and their classification criteria,
and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories
and number of employees. New clustering and categories will then emerge from the empirical data
manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group. In the
A commission of independent experts involving both grassroots activists and government employees gathered from across the city,
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites
-out again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs or from a neighbouring city. The point is to
-ducted using interviews with experts, which identify the main failures and shortcomings. These shortcom -ings will be matched with the design methodology
board and who hire the founders as consultants What were the main barriers to innovate?
-isation is run by a small, highly-skilled online team of 11-50 employees with most staff working collaboratively in a â€oevirtual office†environment
of domain experts. Generic coding skills lead to beautiful visualisations not more What helps to reach goals and
-main experts. This pays off in the end How does it achieve better European collaboration? Citysdk sets the groundwork for an ecology of applications that can
guarantee basic standards to their employees. On November 13 2013 Fairphone announced that it had sold the first batch of 25,000 smart
out of its 227 employees there are virtually no managers, and staff are given a great degree of autonomy in
contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they commit themselves to History and Mission Github sets out with a seemingly simple objective:
-ton, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants Whereas the code for the healthcare exchange †the â€oebackend†of Health
private businesses and corporations who want to engage their employees in making strategic decisions At its simplest the process of using Liquid Feedback can be described
or meet the experts of the City of Vienna, as well as an online forum. In 2012 two participa
â€oeschwedenplatz†(where citizens came together with experts as part of a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission
-form, and active comments have been asked for from countless experts and copyright organisations. A number of factors surrounding copyright
Having been reviewed by these volunteer experts, the Open Ministry†s law proposals are more compatible
into actual law proposals with the help of volunteer experts. There has been some significant overlap between Open Ministry and other rele
of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated
-ship with voluntary legal and campaign experts. The Open Ministry also encourages users to sign
all employees of Peerby own a piece of the company through stock op -tions and through these have a direct stake in its successes and failures
Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversa -tion when the question of how to release
Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG; Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation
Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe 2020
experts, practitioners or key policy makers were identified also, and interviewed. We conducted in depth semi-structured interviews following a common protocol,
-neurs/practice leads, their employees, and relevant DSI communities. The appendix shows the case studies and their classification criteria,
and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories
and number of employees. New clustering and categories will then emerge from the empirical data
manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group. In the
A commission of independent experts involving both grassroots activists and government employees gathered from across the city,
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites
-out again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs or from a neighbouring city. The point is to
-ducted using interviews with experts, which identify the main failures and shortcomings. These shortcom -ings will be matched with the design methodology
board and who hire the founders as consultants What were the main barriers to innovate?
-isation is run by a small, highly-skilled online team of 11-50 employees with most staff working collaboratively in a â€oevirtual office†environment
of domain experts. Generic coding skills lead to beautiful visualisations not more What helps to reach goals and
-main experts. This pays off in the end How does it achieve better European collaboration? Citysdk sets the groundwork for an ecology of applications that can
guarantee basic standards to their employees. On November 13 2013 Fairphone announced that it had sold the first batch of 25,000 smart
out of its 227 employees there are virtually no managers, and staff are given a great degree of autonomy in
contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they commit themselves to History and Mission Github sets out with a seemingly simple objective:
-ton, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants Whereas the code for the healthcare exchange †the â€oebackend†of Health
private businesses and corporations who want to engage their employees in making strategic decisions At its simplest the process of using Liquid Feedback can be described
or meet the experts of the City of Vienna, as well as an online forum. In 2012 two participa
â€oeschwedenplatz†(where citizens came together with experts as part of a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission
-form, and active comments have been asked for from countless experts and copyright organisations. A number of factors surrounding copyright
Having been reviewed by these volunteer experts, the Open Ministry†s law proposals are more compatible
into actual law proposals with the help of volunteer experts. There has been some significant overlap between Open Ministry and other rele
of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated
-ship with voluntary legal and campaign experts. The Open Ministry also encourages users to sign
all employees of Peerby own a piece of the company through stock op -tions and through these have a direct stake in its successes and failures
Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversa -tion when the question of how to release
initiative and recruited more than 100 employees www. shields-e. com Good practice examples The Footprint Chroniclesâ
¢ers, design engineers, consultants or can be completed by other technical or business functions as part of other responsibilities
¢cepts and involve stakeholders/experts. Re -ward buy in when eco-innovative ideas are implemented Choose whether to pursue patents to protect â€
¢consultants or companies that posses this expertise do need you to train yourself (or partners) in â€
and technology specialists, innovation experts and eco-innovative cluster organisations. Among many support schemes it has one that helps SMES with
In the second half of 2012, discussions started within the Expert Group on E -Commerce9 about the modalities of the pilot project.
A workshop with ADR experts took place in Brussels on 28 February 2012. The Commission services also met bilaterally with stakeholders
They need specialised employees who can build, maintain and further develop their online business and,
and for business to have qualified employees Recommendation 15: Consumers and the commerce sector are need in of e-skills to shop
Employee resistance to change 22 Other 3 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 17 Reaping the benefits of ICT
employees, suppliers and customers) the confidence to use them. Elie Simon, president EMEA of Sun
initiatives to improve managerial and employee skills in ICT use. This is particularly relevant to staff in SMES
and other mechanisms to promote employee involvement in decision-making; greater information -sharing; a more imaginative use of monetary
Employee resistance to change 22 Other 3 What are the main external barriers to maximising the benefits of ICT
Communication and collaboration between employees 48 Customer relationship management 33 Integration of existing data/technologies 33
Communication and collaboration between employees 32 Supply chain integration 31 Integration of existing data/technologies 29
BEPA Bureau of European Policy Advisers EGDI e-government development index (United nations ESPAS European Strategy and Policy Analysis System
of semi-structured interviews with experts from academia and think tanks, policymakers and leading thinkers from the private or voluntary sector further exploring the findings from the Delphi exercise and
In 2012, the Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) commissioned RAND Europe to investigate further the theme of societal changes by drawing from the experience of the pilot project, by analysing key
The second phase of the research (expert consultation) harnessed the knowledge of leading experts worldwide for each of the themes studied through an approach based on the Delphi method.
Information from the expert consultation phase was used to discuss and to uncover further the surrounding uncertainty for each of the
Schummer 2010). 1 Experts consulted in the Delphi 1 Castells (2011) defines the network society as †an informational society with networks serving as the basic structure
Bureau of European Policy Advisers, Empowering people, driving change: Social innovation in the European Union, European commission, Buerau of European Policy Advisors, 2010
disadvantaged groups in thirty European countries, Expert Group on Gender, Social Inclusion and Employment report, Luxembourg:
European commission by the NESSE network of experts, 2008 As of 21 august 2014 http://www. nesse. fr/nesse/activities/reports/activities/reports/education-and-migration-pdf
from papers prepared for the OECD by a number of experts, in particular: David Audretsch, Bart Clarysse
factors, many experts predicted the demise of SME competitiveness as globalisation increased. While many SMES have succumbed indeed to a deterioration of competitiveness,
employee than do large firms. Audretsch (1995) identifies SMES as contributing 2. 38 times more
innovations per employee than do large firms. Other studies identifying different types of output measures
consultants, and (2) R&d boutiques. As shown in table 1, the technology developing companies tend to be
consultant Tom Peters claims that, "Old ideas about economies of scale are being challenged. Scale itself is being redefined.
%while five-year employee growth was 9. 8 %44. One of the keys to the success of the German Mittelstand has been their strong commitment to
Indeed, non-marketing employees in the German Mittelstand engage in direct contact with customers at twice the frequency as in the largest
and financial employees in order to make sure innovative activities truly meet customer needs WK1 15 The Network and Flexible Production Strategies
which employees perform a wide variety of different tasks 15 Porter (1990) provides examples of Italian ceramics and gold jewelry as industries in
activity of technical consultants, and commercial activity of capital equipment suppliers interaction with equipment manufacturers, which is repeated intense
employees Technology Developers 1-3%of the SME population(>5 employees Non-Innovative SMES about 40-45%of the SME
population(>5 employees Potential Innovators about 40%of the SME population(>5 employees I III IV
II Source: Clarysse and Duchã ne, 2000 70. Both technology developers and technology users who have a sufficient R&d capacity are able to
successfully apply for R&d-grants or subsidies under the traditional technology policy structures. A recent
technology programmes, technical consultants are permitted frequently not to participate as contractors, so this category of SME is excluded often national R&d grant programmes, further limiting the number of
Firm size (employees) 47 43 73 R&d budget as%of turnover 21,7%32,1%10,9 %Growth during 1996-1999
in terms of employees 89%46%17,9 %R&d grants, as%of R&d budget19 11%27,6%16,8 %Source:
These organisations are typically technical consultants and count R&d as a â€oenon-core†activity Looking at firm growth rates during the three-year period preceding the study,
engineers (or have a network of technical experts) who are trained to perform technological due diligence.
<250 employees and independent 25 Including CRAFT-projects (14,5%without CRAFT-projects 26 In respect of Belgian (Flemish) definition of the SME:
less than 200 employees 27 SME according to the Anvar-classification: less than 50 employees 28 Only related to equity financing organised by the main R&d granting institute
WK1 26 budget in the following years. R&d grants seem to have substantial additivity to the size of the R&d
A typical such SME might have three employees out of thirty who spend part of their time on R&d activities,
Technical experts in public research bodies or institutions are not of much assistance as their speciality is
world of technical experts and that of entrepreneurs is so large, there need to be mechanisms in place
In some countries such as the US, technical and business consultants are important carriers of innovation to SMES but their role in Europe remains limited so far
We used the number of employees to account for the effect of differences in the size of the firm.
team consisted of the following experts: Prof. Jaime del Castillo, University of the Basque Country
The study was carried out by an international review panel consisting of 6 international experts and 2 members of the Secretariat of the OECD LEED Programme.
employees. This places it well below both the Spanish and the EU averages. Of even greater
-sized firms between 50 and 500 employees demonstrates an underlying structural problem in growing local enterprises to a level that can contribute more significantly to employment creation and regional
dependent on the skills levels of its employees and its owner-managers. A combination of the two
The OECD Secretariat led an international panel of experts in a one-week peer review visit in
Micro firms (less than 10 employees) dominate the economy, representing over 90%of the total. This
for employees were also relatively common, involving between 15%-25%of the surveyed enterprises Between 5%-15%of the firms contracted R&d projects, use university facilities or exchanged staff
The technical qualifications of employees among other factors) even affect a company†s attitude toward innovation (Coronado, Acosta, &
Human capital that combines education and experience gives employees the adaptiveness so key to entrepreneurship (Wright, Hmieleski, Siegel and Ensley, 2007.
terminating employees are in part responsible for a shift towards temporary hiring contracts, which are easier to end.
have more flexibility in reducing working hours (and salary) of employees. These reforms may force
schools as well as a network of 250 consultants. The main IT solutions offered were antivirus (to 29%of clients
The DUI mode of innovation builds upon the skills and knowledge of employees throughout the firm, not just its research department.
had few employees with higher education degrees and few of them had R&d departments. Among the remaining 305 firms that
employees. At the same time, Canada has relatively fewer large R&d performers than most other OECD countries and the total share of business expenditures on R&d from firms with more than 250
employees is significantly lower than the OECD average. As a corollary, the relative contribution of
that spun-off from the original WATCOM Corporation, with over 250 employees in its Waterloo
campus alone, 15 per cent of its current employees are Waterloo co-op students, and more than half of
which require employees to have completed a year of full employment before qualify. Many under-25s are unable to demonstrate 12 months†worth of
Business experts must examine the start-up concept and determine its viability. Such experts could include the Chambers of Industry and Commerce, Chambers of Crafts, Professional
Organisations, Expert Associations such as Business Development Service Providers and Financial Institutions. The new entrepreneurs also need to be given support both before the start-up phase
entrepreneurship training, business plan, etc. as well as after initiation of activities (coaching mentoring, consultancy, etc Relevance to Andalusia and considerations for adoption
employees (see table below. This places it well below both the Spanish and the EU averages (Romero
between 50 and 500 employees, demonstrates an underlying structural problem As policymakers within the region recognise, an imbalanced economic base and firm structure
Self employed (no employees) 51.57 0. 38 1-9 employees 43.48-4. 3 Small firms (10-49) 4. 31-13.95
Medium sized firms (50-499) 0. 55-11.68 Large enterprises(+500) 0. 08-37.46 Total 100.00-2. 44
-launching this professional profile may want to widen the circle of advisers to include those with more
employees but around 25 000 indirect jobs in supporting and dependent industries (e g. auction and
associations account for 55 percent of private sector employees (Anderson and Mailand, 2005. High levels of knowledge exchange between SMES are underpinned by close-knit business communities in
while employees are given generous social protection and rights to retraining †has been attributed as a major factor in the resilience of Danish SMES through past crises
and employees to set up their own businesses. Here, the regional government could work closely with
enterprises (less than 10 employees) accounted for 95, %and small firms (10-50 employees) for 4. 3
%of the whole enterprise population, thus making up altogether over 99%of the total. The paucity of
medium-sized firms (50-250 employees) points to an excessive business fragmentation that undermines the competitiveness of the region.
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