Digital Social Innovation Interim report Contract no. 30-CE-0531673/00-86 Main Author: Francesca Bria (Nesta
Contributors: Esteve Almirall (ESADE Peter Baeck (Nesta Harry Halpin (W3c Jon Kingsbury (Nesta Frank Kresin, Sacha van Tongeren
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License 3
Work Package 2 †Crowd mapping DSI organisations and activities 50 Work Package 3-Assessing Strategies 52
Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders 53 Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer 53 Work Package 6 †Recommendations 53
Appendix 1-DSI Case studies 54 Appendix 2 †Matrix of Case studies grouped by technology trend and domain 217
4 Digital Social Innovation Interim Report Executive Summary i DSI Interim Report Executive Summary Digital Social Innovation (DSI) is an emerging field of study, with little existing knowledge on who the digi
-tal social innovators are, which organizations, and activities support them and how they use digital tools to
This report describes our work to date, having investigated more than 250 case studies of digital social innovation services, support organizations and activities.
within the frameowrk of the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme
and to access what works and what doesn†t to calibrate interventions and investments •Addressing barriers to growth and scale.
This report describes our work to date, having investigated more than 250 case studies of digital social in
Horizons 2020 Work Programme, and in particular, but not limited to, the Collective Awareness Call 7
Horizons 2020 Work Programme, and in particular, but not limited to, the Collective Awareness Call Research Objectives
Delivering the research through 6 work packages As outlined in the table below, the DSI research project is delivered through 6 work packages that are in
-terlinked. We are now into month 6 of the research, which has been focused mainly on WP1 (identifying
Work package title Lead participant. short name Start month WP1 Identifying DSI organisations Waag Society M1
List of Work Packages 9 A diagram of how the various work packages interrelate is shown below
Figure 4: Work Package Diagram This report forms the third deliverable, D3 in the table below
Del. no. Deliverable name WP no. Delivery date D1 Inception Report WP0 M1 D2 Dynamic Report on Mapping WP2 M5-M17
-sure that policy fostering DSI is based on scientific evidence of what works and what doesn†t and that effec
of the project work packages. Care has therefore been taken to make the website as easy to use as possible
type of technology they are using in their work and what type of activities they are involved in (from re
-isations are looking to make through their work. The category †democracy and participation†showed the
as 136 self-identified categories were used by organisations to define their work Only the most popular are shown below to illustrate this
Work and employment 78 Finance and economy 76 Science& Technology 60 Table 3: Domains of Activity
valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data 25 2. New ways of making
•The work by Your Priorities in Iceland and Open Ministry in Finland on bringing DSI to the core of gov
The work by the local government in Vienna on Open Government Data Vienna led to citizens developing a raft of innovations,
The work by the EU DG Research funded social inno -vation research projects TEPSIE on the role of ICT in social innovation,
The work by Nesta in the UK on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures and Waag Society in Amsterdam work on setting up
A look across the different activities that DSI organisations are involved in shows how they support work
and looking at in the light of the case study work we can outline some key characteristics of the type of activities that DSI players are carrying forward to
Stand in a classic exhibition this works the other way around, with the organizers dividing the space in square meters which are sold then to exhibitors who have need the to carve out a more or less great visibili
Co-working environments, such as innovation centres, accelerators, incubators, and hacker spaces, have begun to proliferate. The MIT founded a precursor in 2002 called Fab Lab,
as is the work by the social innovation research project TEPSIE on the role of ICT and social innovation.
the Nominet Trust†s (UK) work Digital Edge, a programme which funds ventures that demonstrate how
The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Web standards,
the P2p foundation that works on promoting peer to peer practices, and the Iot Council promoting an open Internet of things vision are good examples of this
-works, free interoperable network services open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband, distribut -ed social networks, p2p infrastructures Tor
Most European cities work with sensors that moni -tor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide
The work by Tor on creating a secure and privacy-aware service that bounce Internet users†and websitesâ€
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware
but the majority of work is done by a larger network of other organisations in the â€oelong tail†that are connected via the super-nodes.
Another example is the work by Open Garden on facilitating the sharing of Internet between devices
In this sense, the close work with a small group in the very place where the group lives is of utmost importance.
and work in networks across organ -isation boundaries †including the boundary between the private and public sphere.
and to access what works and what doesn†t to calibrate interventions and investments •Addressing barriers to growth and scale.
Work Package 2 †Crowd mapping DSI organisations and activities The challenges with this approach to date
The next stage of Work package 2 will include the Task 2. 2, the development of the website.
Work Package 3-Assessing Strategies The first steps in Policy Research in WP3 will follow a hierarchical schema, starting from the identification
the European commission, particularly H2020 and work programmes, Digital Agenda, Social Innovation in DG Regio and Social Entrepreneurship in DG Enterprise
Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders To support the growth and spread of DSI it needs traction on multiple levels within the EU, from citizens
Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer Because policy aims to shape the behaviour of economic agents by tapping into their motivations and in
Work Package 6 †Recommendations The objective of this work package is to compile the learning of the project by distilling a set of policy rec
-ommendations for Digital Social Innovation In order to accomplish this objective a policy framework for digital social innovation will be elaborated
-work for grouping DSI organisations and developing our understanding of the characteristics of these or
thus not using cheap labour and low quality materials to emphasise this they had the Italian map stamped on the front of the
both personal and commercial derivative works, as long as they credit Arduino and release their designs under the same license
-paigning network that works to ensure that the †views and values of the world†s people inform global decision-making. †Avaaz relies entirely on
-paigning works †you leverage bursts of engagement from our member -ship with particular priorities and campaigns to generate longer term
work and costs money. As †democracy nerds†the Citizens Foundation team are worried that most of our social lives are being run by one com
The actual work is divided into five activities •Developing a Technological Framework (lead: University of Tilburg
Part of the work is technical in nature: selecting standards, developing frameworks and architectures, as well as writing the actual code for the
Lastly there is work in deciding where the results will go after the project, to ensure uptake and growth of the solution
It turns out this actually works well for the development community and data owners alike.
for America involved †a new type of public service based on the work of volunteer programmers that has sought to building bridges between the
-works and fibre deployment as commons (both new techniques such as aerial as well as fibre bandwidth management) â€
range of technologies employed by the different fellows †who will work with their own preferred web platform (using open source languages like
connector generally, Commons4eu also works with other social inno -vators on more specific challenges as part of an informal global network
and new cultural works are created. This definition is extracted from the Public domain Manifesto an output of the Thematic Network
•Management of orphan works, i e. works whose author is unknown COMMUNIA policy paper on the proposed orphan works directive
What is the social impact it is seeking, including any evidence of impact to date? The COMMUNIA Association and its Members raise awareness in, edu
-cate about, advocate for, and offer expertise on and research about the Public domain, in the digital age within society and with policy-makers
The association works on deliverables such as policy papers, projects, and WIPO statements. Event-wise the association or
-work neutrality, openness and size of these networks are a great chal -lenge to routing protocols and its implementation on low-cost devices
-works are built often with simple and low cost off-the-shelf hardware The nodes are usually running an open source distribution, such as Linux
-works, such as VOIP, content distribution, on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging, remote backups and updates, file storage
-works, such as on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging remote backups and updates, file storage and file sharing.
universities that work alongside local, regional and global partners to promote and support social change towards sustainability
locally funded, the results of this work and research are shared all across the DESIS network.
In their research and practical work, Everyaware focus on sensing, mo -bile and location-based technologies, as well as data visualisation
for using Fablab Amsterdam in open days is to document the work and project on the Fablab website and share the designs with the rest of the
see as fertile ground for beginning this work. One example of this is the Fablab Low cost Prosthesis program, a technology to produce a lower
its design and production work. The digital fabrication include machines such as, Laser cutter, Milling machine, Vinyl Cutter, Embroidery Ma
placed in an open space, to make the work with different machines easi -er Teleconferencing system and digital communication:
Much of the work in the Fablab relies and is based on open source design and open hardware such as
The majority of work in the Fablab is run by an active community of volunteers. This, the Fablab team sees as one of the most
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wag -es are distributed amongst workers.
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledgeâ Â DSI activities: Operating a web service
new and better versions of their work collaboratively. It has grown since to be the largest social coding repository in the world.
-located work spurred on by the belief that creativity and innovation are contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they
the Center for the Future of Work, Heinz College and Carnegie mellon University); ) found that people make a surprisingly rich set of social
strategies for coordinating work, advancing technical skills and manag -ing their reputation 117 How is funded the organisation?
assembling code†in the form of libraries, open source work, etc. †as well as writing it,
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
it works in a similar way to crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. As an ex -ample the platform was used to successfully raise £4, 401 (109 per cent
which can aid board members in their work. One example of the latter is the Slow Food an organisation based in Ger
powerful and do their work, but we want the grassroots to be able to control themâ€
and time consuming to work efficiently, before the advent of the Internet. Finally, the open source ap
Giving back Open-source hardware is about sharing work with others for everyone†s benefit. It is beneficial for all parties to provide upgrades
is possible to make profits doing commercial work that can be re-invest -141 ed in charitable, open source projects without having to employ a huge
-ity, and it is this company (mysociety ltd) that does commercial work Today about 40%of mysociety†s income is from commercial work and
they work towards expanding this, while developing †a reputation as a software company that can solve problems that more traditional web
-works might be used to enhance democratic participation and delib -eration, and influence policy in collaboration with existing political
Open data sit at the core of all Opencorporates work. This is both a tool to scrape, capture
They can produce inconsistent data services that leave consumers wondering when and where they can access the network, and
-tion tends to work with freelancers and volunteers What are the main barriers t o innovate?
As described above, Patientslikeme works towards a creating a platform and, in the long-term, a health care system, where information is openly
Sharing only works when there is reputation involved. Most sharing platforms try to combat this issue by building a
growing rapidly and have shown that the platform works on small scale The next challenge is to understand how it could work on a larger scale
so can work more easily in electrical off-grid environments Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers
the work done by Safecast was evidenced further when, on September 15,2012, it was announced that Safecast†s radiation measurements were
it won†t work. †On one hand, the project is now slowly by slowly gen -erating more attention, through people who are already participating
range of criminal sites. â€oewe work with law enforcement a lot, †Lewman told the Guardian. â€oethey are fully aware of bad guys on Tor.
work to software development. It has built also a strong team of volun -teer developers primarily in Africa,
work they started, and continues to be a resource to the emergency response community there.
Work Package 2 †Crowd mapping DSI organisations and activities Work Package 3-Assessing Strategies
Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer Work Package 6 †Recommendations
Appendix 1-DSI Case studies Appendix 2 †ï¿Matrix of Case studies grouped by technology trend and domain
Community research E u R O P E A n COMMISSION European Technology Platform Smartgrids EUR 22040
Vision and Strategy for Europe†s Electricity Networks of the Future EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research
The Smartgrids European Technology Platform for Electricity Networks of the Future began its work in
Future work should adopt a techno-economic system approach for a trans-European network. This calls for the development of
know it works 31 VISION AND STRATEGY I ELECTRICITY NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE As in other ETPS, a group of high-level stakeholders came together with one primary
green economy work in Europe and worldwide Visit www. eco-innovation. eu for further information
replacement works. This has injected new life into an old deposition site near Chatham Docks and
This work was supported by CNCSIS-UEFISCSU, project number PN II-RU TE 328/2010 Key-words: eco-innovation, SMES, Romania
Commission†s intention to work towards the completion of the Digital Single Market, and agreed with the five priorities identified above,
the outcome of the consultation on the online distribution of audiovisual works and on the implications of the"Premier League"ruling in the field of digital
digitisation and online display of orphan works and introduces a new exception to copyright (one of the few ones to be fully harmonised at EU level.
This Communication sets out two parallel work tracks. On the one hand, the Commission will complete its ongoing review of the EU copyright framework
launched by the Green Paper on the online distribution of audiovisual works in early 2013.
uses of orphan works http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/orphan works/index en. htm 16 COM (2012) 789 final http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/licensing-europe/index en. htm
Following BEREC's work in this field, the Commission services launched a public consultation on"specific aspects of transparency, traffic management and switching
assessed whether the mini OSS (to be implemented by 2015) works properly Consequently progress on this issue can only be reported after 2015
This work will continue in 2013 Finally, an awareness-raising campaign in the framework of the Year of Citizenship
reviews and workshops to share best practices and work towards the preparation of these strategies.
Global Online Dispute Resolution System (Lessons Derived from Existing ODR Systems †Work of the United nations Commission
The important work of the Securepay Forum should also be transparent and properly communicated to all players
This leaves Europe†s policymakers and business leaders wrestling with two puzzles. First, why hasn†t heavy investment in ICT delivered the economic
making technology work. The productivity growth gap between the US and Europe is partly down to differences
workplace are a major impediment to growth in Europe Weaknesses in managerial skills and technology awareness, and the lack of an innovation culture
change the way people work to take advantage of new technology Policymakers and business leaders have work to do
labour productivity growth. The transatlantic productivity gap has diminished not since the Lisbon summit, even after the intervening economic
and have registered the fastest labour productivity growth over the 1996-2002 period. The exception is Ireland,
Labour productivity growth and ICT Aggregate labour productivity growth and ICT contribution to labour productivity growth
14 European countries and US, 1990-95 and 1996-2002, in percentage points 1990†1995 1996†2002
Labour prod. ICT Labour prod. ICT growth contribution growth contribution Norway 3. 11 0. 85 Ireland 3. 76 1. 90
Sweden 2. 95 0. 96 Sweden 2. 67 1. 33 Italy 2. 83 1. 09 Finland 2. 02 1. 40
labour productivity growth in the 1996-2002 period 10 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004
to making technology work ICT development is only one of the important factors affecting growth.
contributions to labour productivity growth in Europe in the 1996-2002 period The UK, although among the better performers in
increases in labour productivity. Economists believe ICT capital investment has made a sizeable contribution to GDP growth in many developed countries in the past
Contribution of ICT-using services to aggregate labour productivity growth -0. 50 -0. 25 0. 00
This requires greater improvements in workplace efficiency that are more difficult to achieve but also provide
in labour productivity and other key macroeconomic indicators. By contrast, Ireland has outpaced even the US in ICT-led productivity growth, thanks mainly to a
failure of IT and business management to work together effectively were cited as the two main
In addition to its work in R&d, Tekes recently launched a programme to encourage productive use of
Reorganising the workplace to adapt to new technology can involve anything from automating manual processes to overhauling product design
innovate with their products, services, work processes and organisational structures A clear example of the benefits of open competition
they deter companies from reorganising the workplace Policymakers and economists diverge, however, on the link between labour regulations and productivity
growth, and on the desirability of policy initiatives to effect change. If nothing else, the relationship between
federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, cites the shortage of venture capital as one of the key barriers
volume of R&d work is conducted by universities and independent research institutes. In contrast to the US
The central example is labour -market regulation, which most economists believe is too restrictive in most of Europe.
One targets the workplace, where public agencies can directly organise or support third-party initiatives to improve managerial and employee skills
the workplace. The organisations that will be most successful in harnessing ICT will train their staff not
impact on workplace productivity. It is therefore incumbent on executives to ensure, through training and other mechanisms, that their managers are fully
as well as the specific workplace factors that may complicate it, before a purchase is made ICT vendors carry a special burden of responsibility
want to work with local authorities will have to be able to do business online by 2005. This requirement
workplace productivity lies with the executives and staff of European organisations, public and private sector alike.
considerable work that has gone into making the ICT investment measures comparable across countries, a number of question marks about the
a synthetic index covering labour, product and financial markets) and their possible interaction with ICT
-ditions, the tax regime, the macroeconomic environment and labour markets. The overall index is a simple average of the five category sub
leaves the ICT variable accounting for the major part of the 0. 52 percentage point difference in average
and transformations in the world of work and the labour market. Overall findings from all reports may be found in the Synthesis Report published by RAND Europe, while
This work is based on desk research in the form of a nonsystematic review of the academic and grey
For more information about RAND Europe or this work, contact Stijn Hoorens (hoorens@rand. org
6. Old and new labour †and work Each of the research reports published as part of this series revolves around one of the six themes.
social challenges, for instance by potentially revolutionising work, changing structural relationships between labour and capital, and returning manufacturing capabilities to developed national contexts
United states, Canada, Northern europe) in the case of 3-D printing (Desmoulin-Canselier 2012; Ratto 2012).
) In sum, these inequalities work against democracy and empowerment for some people, while at the same time producing expanded opportunities of political participation
Education is likely to become an increasingly critical national and personal asset in a globalised labour
technologies (work, health education etc High Continuing growing interconnectedness, but inequalities and fragmentation will persist Technological progress and
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implications of the global crisis,"World of Work Report, Vol. 2012, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-34
Preparing for the Workplace of Tomorrow, Deloitte, 2009 Desmoulin-Canselier, Sonia, "What Exactly Is It All About?
Recovering from a second jobs dip, International labour Organisation Geneva, 2013. Available as of 28 august:
ILO and IILS, World of Work Report 2012'Better Jobs for a Better Economy',International Labour
International Labour Office, Global employment trends for the youth, Geneva: International Labour Office 2012a ††â€, Global employment trends.
Preventing a deeper job crisis, Geneva: International Labour Office 2012b International Labour Organisation, Global employment trends 2013.
Recovering from a second jobs dip Geneva: International Labour Organisation, 2013 International monetary fund,,From Stimulus to Consolidation:
Revenue and Expenditure Policies in Advanced and Emerging Economies (Washington), 2010a International organization for Migration (IOM),"World Migration Report 2011:
Communicating Effectively about Migration,"IOM, 2011 ITU, Measuring the Information Society, Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunications Union
Jones, A.,"The rise of global work,"Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 33, No. 1
economy. †Labour Economics 17 (2: 303†316, April 2010 Kalleberg, A. 2006. The Mismatched Worker.
ed.,Work, Family Policies and Transitions to Adulthood in Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2012 Kulshrestha, J.,et al.
The future of work in advanced economies, Mckinsey Global Institute, 2012 Marin, D. 2010. â€oethe Opening Up of Eastern europe at 20-Jobs, Skills and †Reverse Maquiladoras†in
and work trends, Knoll Workplace Research, 2009 OECD, Research and development: Going Global, Geneva, Switzerland: OECD 2008
Ouye, J. A.,Five Trends that Are Dramatically Changing Work and the Workplace, Knoll Workplace
Pransky, G. S.,K. L. Benjamin, J. A. Savageau, D. Currivan and K. Fletcher â€oeoutcomes in Work-Related
Work Hour Mismatches and the Role of Children. Social Forces, 91 (1): 131-155 Rheingold, Howard, Smart mobs:
Industry Level Analysisâ€, Paper presented at the European Association of Labour Economists 2009 Annual Conference, Talinn.
the Improvement of Living and Working conditions, 2012 60 Vanneman, R, and A Dubey,"Horizontal and Vertical Inequalities in India paper presented at
4. How should such an immunization system work 5. What kind of ICTS may be used to enhance delivery of healthcare services
different health centres/hospitals offering immunization services work in a cooperative environment and be able to exchange data and information on service delivery.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Simple, low cost techniques that are sustainable should be developed based on the following
•For SMES in the OECD, economic globalisation has created new competitors, especially in low labour cost
of production, such as land, labour and capital, towards knowledge-based economic activities. The ability of SMES in the OECD to create,
compete with the low-cost foreign producers,(3) substitute equipment and technology for labour to increase productivity,
Substituting capital and technology for labour, along with shifting production to lower-cost locations has resulted in waves of corporate downsizing throughout Europe and North america.
whereas few large corporations can work up much excitement over such small fish, nor can they accommodate small ventures easily into their
rarely work with other companies; have no development activities; and rarely bring new products on the market.
input is inherently different than the more traditional inputs of labour, capital and land because the value of
expected value of that knowledge, he has no reason to leave. On the other hand, if he places a greater value
which leaves it vulnerable to competition from more technologically advanced companies. Customers eventually reward technological leaders that can
â€oeit is not simply the concentration of skilled labour, suppliers and information that distinguish the
But doing so requires skilled labour, and high investments in human capital â'Continual innovation.
industry work in close physical proximity. The narrow division of labour common to large enterprises has been replaced by an organisational structure in
which employees perform a wide variety of different tasks 15 Porter (1990) provides examples of Italian ceramics and gold jewelry as industries in
locations in close proximity to other firms within the network in an effort to preserve small effective work
traditional inputs of production †land, labour, capital †and toward knowledge. As this shift has become
design work, often have an absorptive capacity that recognises and adopts new developments, but they lack
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