investment and hard work is important to foster innovation in Australia Likewise, much will be required of our workforce,
â€'improving incentives to work, including through the interaction of the tax and transfer systems;
•Introduced the Fair Work (Registered Organisations) Amendment Bill 2014 to establish a Registered Organisations Commission to better align the responsibilities of, and penalties
•Introduced the Fair Work Amendment Bill 2014 to: apply good faith bargaining rules to negotiations for,
implement a number of recommendations from the 2012 Fair Work Review Actions to come •The Government will further amend the Fair Work laws to ensure protected industrial
action cannot be taken unless genuine and meaningful negotiations have occurred, and require productivity improvements to be discussed in enterprise agreement negotiations
relations framework, including the Fair Work laws. Any recommendations accepted by the Government will be taken to the next election
The Government aims to ease the labour cost pressures for employers and the financial pressure
for families when a woman takes time off work to have a child, and to ensure that child care
to enable them to take time off work to care for their new child TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
and improve market access for goods and labour This includes â€'$5 billion over five years toward the Asset Recycling Initiative, which provides
Barriers to foreign investment and skilled labour have also been reduced, allowing these to move to where the commercial returns
imported business inputs, skilled labour and investor capital. Large businesses will have more opportunities to scale up for a world
hard for sales of goods and services exports, for skilled labour, for investor capital and for a
and labour, including from offshore, into the resources sector Economic reforms of the past allowed the economy to smoothly absorb the resources boom.
work in. As a result of its research and development programme VR Space has expanded the uses of its real-time interactive graphics
as well as for skilled labour, for investor capital and for a place in the world†s supply chains
The most recent WEF competitiveness study (2014b) pointed to restrictive labour regulations, inefficient government bureaucracy, tax rates and regulations, and inadequate
the Government is amending the Fair Work Act 2009 and will reestablish the Australian Building and Construction Commission
or work practices before they spread more broadly through the economy. The competition that this elicits challenges incumbent firms to
competition with private businesses for labour, land and capital. Finally, less government regulation will reduce business compliance costs
markets, develop and embrace new technologies or work practices, and respond profitably to economic changes.
different work health and safety laws also add to the complexity of operating a multi-jurisdiction business
of organisations that can opt-in to the Comcare workers†compensation and work health and safety regime.
•improving incentives to work, including through the interaction of the tax and transfer systems;
work with other governments to facilitate trade through international trusted trader arrangements, consistent with the B20 recommendation for practical trade facilitation
of the Energy White paper, the Government will consider the recommendations and work with the States as necessary to reduce the cost of,
people for work, relevant skills acquisition must be a focus at all levels of the education and
This is why the Government is committed to work with State and Territory governments and the sector to improve the whole education system from primary education
•fewer than one in three Australian researchers work in industry, which is half the
Vocational education and training that prepares Australians for work The VET system is regarded generally well. Government support for VET training is extensive
a taskforce to work with key stakeholders, including State governments, registered training organisations, industry groups and employers, to develop a reform plan that creates a more
to position themselves to take advantage of new technology, innovative work practices, new and emerging opportunities, opening export markets and emerging economies.
for participants, building on existing national summer schools for STEM. trialling a new, innovative pathway from education to work
to help young people successfully transition from education to work with the knowledge and capabilities, including competency in STEM subjects that are in demand by industry
ongoing work programme The Government is working to address additional issues in the VET sector,
otherwise work for our competitors While migration has been a hallmark of Australia†s development, many Australians have
We will continue to work with industry to ensure that the process of recruiting overseas
The Fair Work Act 2009 provides the legislative framework underpinning the national workplace relations system,
committed to keeping the Fair Work framework, but we want to ensure it helps build a more
a comprehensive review of the workplace relations framework, including the Fair Work laws This will include an assessment of the impact of the framework on productivity,
needs an effective regulator, yet the previous Government replaced the ABCC with Fair Work Building and Construction (FWBC),
and higher penalties for unlawful conduct will again ensure work is carried out fairly, efficiently and productively
Third, several problems are being addressed through our Fair Work Amendment Bill 2014, which aims to restore balance to the workplace relations system by
Submissions to the 2012 Fair Work Act Review showed some unions have exploited this exemption for greenfield agreements to pursue excessive wage claims and
the Fair Work Commission approve the agreement •Restoring union workplace access rules and reducing excessive right-of-entry visits by union
Under the Fair Work Act, union officials with an entry permit have TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
Fair Work Act Review found this has led to frequent use of entry rights by some unions
the Bill ensures the Fair Work Commission can properly deal with excessive right of entry visits †for example, by suspending,
flexibility arrangements that meet their genuine needs †Under the Fair Work Act employees and employers should be able to achieve flexibility in the workplace through
However, the Fair Work Act currently allows enterprise agreements to restrict the use of IFAS.
Work laws enable industrial action in support of claims for a new enterprise agreement before bargaining has commenced.
The Government will further amend the Fair Work legislation to ensure that protected industrial action can only happen after there have been genuine and meaningful talks between workers
skilled labour, facilitates information and technology transfer, and allows greater specialisation by businesses and workers.
and allocated $300 million for pre-construction works in the 2014-15 Budget. The Budget also provided
outcomes of this work may be considered in the Developing Northern Australia and Agricultural Competitiveness White papers Infrastructure for the future
Alongside this work, the Government has commissioned Infrastructure Australia to audit critical water, energy, communication and transport infrastructure in northern Australia and separately
These independent audits will help to inform the approaches and work programme on water supply and use over the coming years
delivered more than half of the engineering construction work done for the public sector in recent years, compared with around one third in 1986 (ABS, 2014g;
required hard work, networking and knowing the market. Founder and Director, Penny Street says †being the first audio tour company in India
innovative work practices, new and emerging opportunities, opening export markets and emerging economies. Larger companies may apply to access the Fund,
labour-intensive feeding methods on farms and is the result of the firm†s long term commitment
In addition, the Centre would work with regulators to improve the efficiency of the regulatory framework, while ensuring it
•ensuring research training prepares researchers to work with industry and bring their ideas to market
way of shares in the company a person works for (that is, an actual ownership share in
and embrace new technologies or work practices, and respond profitably to economic changes. Indeed, small businesses are ideal test beds for driving
competitiveness, and improving incentives to work and save Implementing the Competitiveness Agenda The Competitiveness Agenda focuses on what we can do now to improve competitiveness and
and work health safety and laws to eligible private employers as premium payers Late 2014 †early 2015
FWBC Fair Work Building and Construction GDP Gross domestic product IFA Individual Flexibility Arrangements IIASA International Institute of Applied Systems analysis
Women, Work and the Economy: Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity. International monetary fund Elms, D. K, . & Low, P. 2013).
employment growth and development, International Labour Conference. Geneva International Labour Office International labour organization. 2011). ) A Skilled Workforce for Strong, Sustainable and
Balanced Growth: a G20 Training Strategy, 2011. Geneva: International Labour Organization International monetary fund. 2014). ) Macroeconomic and reform priorities.
IMF, OECD and World bank Kemp, D, . & Norton, A. 2014). Review of the Demand Driven Funding System-Final Report
An evaluation of the Fair Work legislation, 2012. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia Mckinsey Australia. 2014).
the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3. 0/au/deed. en.
further through work experience, learning and knowledge sharing the demand for competent personnel provides challenges for the education system
Both work tasks and production processes are becoming increasingly complex, and therefore the need for continuous competence development
social responsibility and the environment to play a role throughout the work of the admi
and academics or researchers that work together on commercially and strategically important devel -opment projects that are vital to a company†s future
ï Physical Work Environment The recent report for the European commission Innovation Management and the Knowledge-Driven
-works and some of the violations were fire stopping, fire suppression and physical security related. At
ï There was a lot of paper work and bureaucracy "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-2. 2. SWOT Analysis
ï Paper work and bureaucracy ï Cultural differences with users Opportunities ï Support of local government
If the product works correctly for any one test case in the range 1 to 16,383, then it will probably work for any other test
an eye-opener in innovation work ï http://www. hi. is/joner/eaps/y3 16047. htm "Innosupport:
identify interrelationships of major tasks, work phases, and opportunities for improvements through the use of feedback loops at the organisation and the customer levels
this is not in our plan"it doesn†t work "2. We cannot do this without taking into account the regulations;
I†m sure it will not work; it is absolutely absurd 4. We will not be taken seriously;
and repeating old inefficient work habits ï this behavior limits individuasl, groups, and organisational performance having an impact on
Suitable analogies can be found in different fields of work or disciplines which seem to be
Therefore, for the composition of a work group, experts from different fields are useful (technicians, doctors, biologists etc
In looking for analogies from â€oedistantâ€oe fields of work, solution concepts can be developed that are
not all will work but some of them will lead to completely new products, services and structures
built after many years of work it is mainly personal knowledge and difficult to be expressed with
In today†s very competitive work environment many employees don†t feel safe in their work position
pressure is intense and much of the work is routine and re -petitive. In this environment, best practice working procedures are business-critical-information
The 2 consulting companies then developed a comprehensive set of Work Instructions to communi -cate this information to groups of warehousemen, drivers and office staff
The drivers'work instructions, for example, covered starting a run, delivery to the store, collecting goods from warehouses, changing trailers and ending a run.
work instructions were accompanied by Training Mod -ules and Assessments, used by the trainers to train staff
easy it is for organisations to improve their effectiveness by harnessing the knowledge held by a work
-force that is often doing very routine work 4. 6. 6. Obstacles to develop Knowledge management (The cultural chal
idea of productive work Establish times and places fro knowledge trans -fers: talk rooms, conference reports
Individual work bias Promote and reward work in teams and commu -nities, and show how this gives better results
No time to share Capturing and sharing knowledge needs to be seen as part of the job, not an add-on
-works within your organisation. For example the chat room software"msn messenger"(free from Mi -crosoft) can be very powerful in allowing people in remote sites to have online conversations
work and stress, some firms will neglect this aspect. This is a mistake. A mistake will also be to expect
excellent work relations Proper capitalization of innovative potential of em -ployees, adequate reward for each important innovative
belongings at the work place Openness to learn from others Ask more questions about other peo
A quality circle is a group of persons that work in the same workshop or office, that meet once or twice
they use, the environment they work in. Basically, the success of the quality circles is based on the
Innovation is hard work. Most managers make the mistake of as -suming it will just happen.
-pointment to fellow does not change an employee†s work function or business unit. But, in exchange
ï The Art of Work http://www. accenture. com ï Innovation and SME Programme http://www. cordis. lu/innovation-smes/home. html
5. 2. 1. How the rating system works...96 5. 2. 2. Example...97 5. 2. 3. Resources...
5. 2. 1. How the rating system works The rating system works by setting a scale and using it to assign points to categories.
Each evaluation uses the assigned points in order to determine a score. The score has to be predetermined within a
ï At the beginning of a project, the outcome and the work that will have to be undertaken are of
-work during the hectic pre-launch stages. This is a direct result of better pre-development homework
But it also works the opposite way and catalyser manufacturers often buy our com -ponents and then sell the complete unit as their own product
Because the work of many departments is related, production managers work closely with heads of other departments such as sales, procurement,
For example, the production manager works with the procurement department to ensure that plant inventories are maintained at their optimal level.
attitude of top managers toward these issues and we need to be prepared to patiently work to estab
responsibility Direct Labour Varies QC specialists Process control Production in -formation requi -rements High Varies Moderate Low
Labour Labour & mate -rial Material & labour Capital 6. 3. 3. How decisions in a production context should be made
In this section a unified framework for production decision-making is provided. The framework applies across a variety of processes,
materials, energy and labour skills Tactical planning Tactical (medium-range) plans, with a planning horizon from six
labour skills needed, nature of production planning and inventory man -agement decision systems Operation hours pf
and plan work. The engineering quality group is using information collected by the system to optimise and improve production processes.
ï Labour cost (â/hour ï Dependent on level of skills required and location ï Equipment investment cost (â
Copyright is concerned with new (original) literary, musical or artistic works. The creators of such works automatically acquire rights,
which mean that they can control their further use. Copyright has become particularly important because of the wide range of works that are seen now to be covered by
it. These include computer software; any drawing, map, chart or plan; photographs and films; architec
-tural works; sculptures; sound recordings; tv and radio broadcasts etc. Rights are related not just to the originators of the works themselves but apply also to people performing the works
DESIGNS Designs are concerned with the appearance of a product †features of e g. shape, configuration
that their works can be disseminated without fear of unauthorized copying or piracy. This in turn helps increase access to
Copyright notice should be placed on all published works for the following reasons ï It informs the public that the work is protected by copyright
(and thereby helps to scare aware potential infringers ï It prevents a party from claiming the status of"innocent infringer,
who to contact to request a license to the work DESIGNS Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial
or exploit the works or creations of others with the authorisation of the author or right holder on fair and reasonable terms
b. Protect your own works or creations and make sure you make best use of your right and get
Novelty implies that the details of how the invention works are secret. If such details have been pub
-licly disseminated or the invention used in public where people could see how it works or if an identical
works to control their subsequent versions What is covered by Copyright Definitions of what is covered can be very broad.
artistic works include any drawing, map, chart or plan. The only absolute requirement is that the work
is new, i e. not copied from somewhere else and has required original intellectual effort by the author
Basically the act of creating the work also creates the copyright, which then subsists in the physical
expression of the work. There is no formal registration process in most countries. However if one goes
Works can therefore be dated, signed, witnessed and marked with the internationally recognised copyright symbol Â
hold copyright in their respective works Obtaining Protection †Copyright protection is automatic and there is no registration system-so
Once a work is created copyright subsists in it. It is important however that the originator be able to show subsequently when the work and the conse
-quential copyright were created. One way of doing this is deposit a copy of the work with a bank or
"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-7. 1. Intellectual Property Protection tools page 154 of 271
a copy of the work to oneself by registered post (which gives a clear date stamp on the envelope
thus establishing that the work existed at this Claiming Protection †It is essential that it is clear that copyright is claimed in a work.
One should mark the work clearly to show who the copyright owner is and the date from which the copyright is
claimed. The internationally recognised symbol  is used normally Transfer of Ownership †Remember a transfer of ownership may cover all or only some of the rights
others to use their works whilst retaining ownership themselves Using Material already covered by Copyright †Your work may be a development of the works of
others. You may need to obtain permission therefore to use copyright material. This is normally done
A performing rights society is a collective that deals with musical works, collecting royalties on behalf of composers, lyricists, songwriters and music publishers for the public perform
Almost any form of unauthorised copying of a work will constitute infringement. The law does however
is allowed automatically to reproduce the work in question or to permit anyone else to do so Related Rights
grew up around copyrighted works. They provide similar, although often more limited rights and of
This new fabric came to life out of the instinct, research and hard work of Mrs. Anna Grindi, founder of
-tection of Literary and Artistic Works The main reasons for protecting IP in export markets are outlined below
for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works or member of the World trade organization (WTO bound by the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement,
or if you have published your work for the first time or at least simultaneously in one of the above countries, your copyright will be protected automatically
known for filing patent applications to achieve recognition of their research work. A small company may also seek patent coverage to impress potential investors
ï http://www. kse. or. kr/webeng/work/ksem/st/wr ksem st mn df. jsp-This site provides an
In the new online evolving collaborative learning and work -ing environment creative thinking may emerge
A training needs assessment (analysing the current work situation) usually is the starting point of any demand-oriented training management.
-lems and requirements of the work situation are collected, making goal-oriented training measures possible On the basis of needs assessment, training objectives are to be defined (preferably together.
ï increased application of on-the-job training and project-work ï intensification of internal know-how transfer
acquired knowledge into the work situation, the applicability of training results to the work place
coaching, quality circle, self-study material, trainee-pools and programmes, seminars, work -shops, etc. is offered
Here any problems and their solutions that crop up during the work are entered by the employees.
Furthermore, labour conditions have to be organised in such a way that the employ -ees become motivated
This section builds on the outcomes of another Leonardo project called Learn & Work that specifically
It must always be supported by the analysis of work processes and be oriented to the imple
ï Learn & Work is a Leonardo project that specifically addressed the issue of analysing training
-thorities, where the departments work as SMES. The site also provides some case studies http://www. cicsc. org. uk/tvcbec. htm
This includes a work environment striving to meet the needs of all employees Why and where creating a company culture for continuous innovation is applied
-pany itself work consider the elegant analogy below. An innovative culture is like a jazz band.
The implementation of the following points is a basic requirement for successful work in innovation
Innovative yields of the joint work of the innovation teams, such as pilot plants or innovative ap
-work for SMES http://www. insme. org ï http://www. forfas. ie/publications/forfas040624/webopt
â€oe=it doesn†t work There are a lot of similar examples and special efforts are made often to check if the proposed name
the company, employees sometimes arrive late or leave during the course due to work commitments â€oemrs Y, there is a phone call for you †â€.
Also, learning in the work place has increasingly to take into account the cultural diversity of its workforce, reflecting the multicultural social environments businesses are situated in
know to what extend this will influence the way that they work, communicate, socialise Trading internationally:
the idea of cheap, cheaper, cheapest still works but more and more customers are asking how prod
5. 2. 1. How the rating system works 96 5. 2. 2. Example 5. 2. 3. Resources
The project â€oeris-Hamburg†was initiated by the State Ministry of Economic and Labour Affairs in Hamburg and co-financed by the European union (EU). The findings of this survey are
3. 3. 1 Shortage of Skilled Labour...16 3. 3. 2 Financial Problems and State Support...
4. 1. 1 Quantitative Availability of Skilled Labour...19 4. 1. 2 Reducing Bottlenecks in Product Pipeline...
4. 2. 1 Cheaper Costs for (Skilled) Labour...21 4. 2. 2 State-induced Incentives...
-demographic factors, e g. shortage of skilled labour, in many industrialized countries This paper presents the findings of a survey by the authors carried out in the Metropolitan
Economic and Labour Affairs in Hamburg and co-financed by the European union (EU The findings of this survey are matched here against perceived opportunities and
unless specified otherwise †works with the EC definition primarily since this definition has been adopted by most of the member countries of the EU including Germany thereby
member countries SMES usually operate under high overhead costs, such as labour costs and find themselves faced with tough price-oriented competition from low-cost producers
1 Ifm Bonn works with a definition of SMES that differs from the official definition
According to the specifications of the State Ministry of Economic and Labour Affairs â€oebehã rde fã r Wirtschaft und Arbeitâ€) in Hamburg,
3. 2. 1. 2 Availability of Skilled Labour Another major hurdle faced by the survey respondents related to the difficulty in finding
However, experienced skilled labour was generally difficult to find 71%71 %21 %36 %14%7
With work experience Freshers n=33 Figure 6: Lack of Qualified Human resources as Barrier to Innovation
industry is unable to fill vacant positions with skilled labour. Moreover, this problem may be expected to worsen further due to the aging population and the relatively low birth-rate in
desire to reduce costs by getting access to cheaper labour. Supposedly â€oeunfavourable†regulatory conditions at home also did not play any worthwhile role in the decision to go
3. 3. 1 Shortage of Skilled Labour Firms not only in Germany but in many other Western countries are faced with scarcity of
skilled labour owing primarily to two reasons a) Demographic developments (â€oeaging populationâ€)( see Reinberg & Hummel, 2004
In Germany alone firms are facing a severe crunch of skilled labour, despite high rates of
calculations the shortage of skilled (technical) labour, primarily of engineers and scientists is leading to a loss of over 20 billion euros a year in the form of unrealized business
interviews with firm representatives, recruiting skilled technical labour is increasingly becoming a grave problem (DIHK, 2007.
while the official labour mediation agency Bundesagentur fã r Arbeit confirms this trend (Dunkel & KÃ hnlenz, 2007;
labour than large firms, owing to various reasons, e g. attractive brand names or access to
of qualified human resources in science and technology, cheaper labour costs and access to new, fast growing consumer markets with substantial purchasing power and/or
2006), suggest that seeking â€oeaccess to know-how†(e g. in the form of skilled labour
4. 1. 1 Quantitative Availability of Skilled Labour The demographically disadvantageous factor of an aging population in many Western
university graduates (with seven years or less of work experience) India†s talent pool is
Inc. cited troubles in obtaining work visas for its prospective employees as a reason to set
Global innovation activities may ensure that work can be carried out simultaneously from multiple locations and on multiple projects, if needed.
addition to access to skilled labour, may also contribute to reducing costs of innovation 4. 2. 1 Cheaper Costs for (Skilled) Labour
Global activities, particularly in emerging countries, may lead to significant reduction in the costs (EIU, 2004.
The labour costs are however going up, see section 5. 2 4. 2. 2 State-induced Incentives
Even China and India are reportedly experiencing shortage of skilled labour with international knowledge standards;
in many respects, for instance, wages of highly skilled labour in India reportedly grow by 10 to 15%and above per annum on average;
) Wage costs for semiskilled or unskilled labour, however, remain significantly lower than in Western, industrialized nations
several incidences of intercultural nuisances in Indo-German software development work Fabian and Schmidli (2005) report similar problems in Sino-Swiss projects
The parent unit (headquarters) tend to interfere in the innovation work being carried out at the foreign location,
Distributed work, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, pp. 451-465 TRAI (2007: Telephone subscriber maintains growth:
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