Entrepreneurial Networks & Mentoring 49 6. Access to Markets 50 6. 1 First time Exporters 50 6. 2 Clustering Programme 51 6. 3 Public
Homegrown business ideas that display innovation and creativity will enable us to grow jobs, challenge for market share
http://www. djei. ie/enterprise/smes/Entrepreneurshipforumreport2014. pdf National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland8 Entrepreneurship Environment †Key Elements Entrepreneurship requires a range of skills
National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland14 CSO data indicates that in 2011 there were almost 190
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which provides useful international comparative information on entrepreneurship, reflects the difficulties for entrepreneurship which Ireland has experienced in recent years.
%).This data suggests there is perhaps untapped potential amongst females, youth, seniors and migrants and that they should be encouraged to consider an entrepreneurial career.
It is based on analysis of comprehensive data sets from more than 120 countries that marshal information about the â€oe3as†of development:
the usage rate of the internet in population, and culture. 2. The entrepreneurial activity (ACT) sub-index is concerned principally with measuring high growth potential startup activity.
Altogether, the index construction integrates 31 variables, 16 from GEM and 15 from other data sources, into 14 pillars and three sub-indexes.
Ireland 19 61.8 Brazil 81 30.4 Puerto rico 20 61.7 Bangladesh 121 13.8 Using this entrepreneurship-related data to compare countries,
Using this data we will create an accurate picture of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Ireland.
and data for Ireland compiled across international benchmarks. This analysis will reveal the particular conditions that are driving high
Analysis undertaken in 2012 of the previous 10 years of HSPU companies in Enterprise Ireland†s 8 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 Culture,
In 2013,57%of participants attending core training programmes in Local Enterprise Offices (LEOS) were female.
and promotion of female role models, targeted events and awards, support for female entrepreneur networks and promotion of a dedicated area on corporate websites.
DES) Develop a web portal to attract international talent with in demand skills to Ireland. EI, IDA, D/Social Protection, D/Foreign affairs, Irish Software Association, ICT Ireland) Develop Junior Cycle short courses in Digital Media Literacy and Coding.
NCCA) Facilitate the issuing of up to 2, 000 employment permits per year to experienced ICT professionals with skills in high demand.
The poor level of internet/broadband access and capacity in many rural areas is a handicap to their strategic development.
An Employer Pack, available on the Department of Social Protection†s website, contains more details on these supports and services.
Data on take-up of the scheme is not yet available. National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland 27 2. 1. 3 Share Based Remuneration In private Companies Share based employee remuneration can significantly reduce fixed labour costs
An easy to use web portal businessregulation. ie) for all key business regulatory compliance issues has been introduced to help reduce the regulatory burden on the enterprise sector.
This will provide businesses with a single web portal through which businesses will be able to apply for
according to CSO data for the period 2007 to 2012. This suggests there is a strong need to ensure that the framework conditions
statistics website National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland 31 Innovation & Collaboration Fusion (technology transfer through company graduate-academic partnership) Challenge (business transformation
Encouraging and supporting innovation and research collaboration is a core mission driven by a range of programmes designed to meet company needs at various stages of development, from Innovation Vouchers worth â 5, 000
In response, KTI has published a first set of model agreements and guidelines on its web portal. Combined with the guidance notes also published,
including actuaries and statisticians for the purposes of developments in Big data and occupations in engineering, financial services,
KTI) KTI will create a searchable national database of licencing opportunities in order to increase the visibility of research opportunities to industry.
Startupbootcamp Dublin) and mentoring as a core component of intensive management development programmes (e g. Bord Bia, Management Works Skillnet, CEB Accelerate Programme) 10.
the DJEI will develop a simple open database to attract new mentors. A working group will implement changes to broaden its scope (particularly including mentoring to help enterprises scale),
and connectivity with low access thresholds Timely and flexible access to startup and growth capital An investor-grade business planning support service Low cost, timely introductions to intelligent global networks.
Companies such as Google, SAP, Microsoft, Facebook, Dell and IBM are emerging partners with EI in supporting startups.
Officehours. ie is a database of experienced Irish entrepreneurs who voluntarily give their time to advise startups.
-Create a simple mentors database to which new types of mentors (volunteer entrepreneurs or serving executives) would be attracted.
and an international reputation for excellence in a number of sectors, including media, computer gaming, food, education and design.
and awareness events and are supported in the development of a market plan for their priority target market. 6. 2 Clustering Programme Enterprise Ireland†s pilot clustering programme was established in 2012 to encourage groups of businesses to collaborate to achieve specific business objectives,
The irish public sector also presents market opportunities as a reference site to enable companies to tender for and secure contracts overseas. 6. 3. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) in Ireland
valuable reference sites with major government customers which in many cases can be leveraged to enter international markets.
evidence based case for the viability of their proposed solution (for example a desk based feasibility study with some supporting practical work/data).
and the development of a joint agency strategy to outline the core actions required by EI
and advantages afforded by the digital economy. Some sectors, such as travel, accommodation, electronic goods and services, have already been transformed by digital trading.
and the National Digital Strategy will assist and incentivise greater use of online trading to access global web-based markets.
EI, IDA) Encourage local and national authorities to make a commitment to provide market opportunities for fledgling businesses Encourage local authorities to support startups by providing display space, promotional events and procurement opportunities.
This Policy Statement has set out the core objectives and signposts in order to achieve our ambition for Ireland to be among the most entrepreneurial nations in the world
The data for these indicators will collated by by DJEI in collaboration with the relevant agencies. The attached tables of indicators are not exhaustive
and data for Ireland compiled across international benchmarks. Many of the performance indicators listed below focus on output.
Rates for enterprise at 5 years CSO 48.4%The performance indicators identified above are not exhaustive (for example the data on startups
Culture, Human Capital & Education The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) provides an annual assessment of the entrepreneurial activity,
-Number of schools-Number of students LEO 780 29,359%of Females attending Core Training Programmes LEO 57%HUMAN CAPITAL & EDUCATION Numbers in Entrepreneurship Modules
318 Monitor private sector commitment to voluntary prompt payment code DJEI N/A new initiative Access to Markets Because Ireland has a small domestic market
Applications Assessed/Recommended 12 63 Female Participation Number and%attending core training programmes 16,293 (57.1%)4, 912 (54.39%)Numbers starting own business
S u b-I n d ex Cultural Support Career Status Corruption Networking Know Entrepreneurs Internet Usage Risk Acceptance Risk Acceptance Business Risk Start-up
The data values for each variable are gathered from a wide range of sources. Appendix 3:
Employment and Investment Incentive scheme GEDI Global Entrepreneurship Development Index GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor HEA Higher education Authority HEI Higher education institutions HBAP Halo Business
SFI Science Foundation Ireland SME Small and Medium Enterprise STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics SYOB Start Your Own Business à nag Ã
Your insights enrich our ability to anticipate the outlook for R&d funding. Jeffrey Wadsworth, Ph d. President and CEO Battelle CEO MESSAGE Key Contributors Mitch Horowitz Simon Tripp Anthony Gillespie Eric Rosenberg Pamela Mccoy
it certainly is a fundamental consideration among other factors like science, technology, engineering and mathematics education levels, capital markets, healthcare, infrastructure, property rights and immigration policy.
•For 2014, we project declines in defense and aerospace R&d, increases in energy-related research, increases in life science research and development, strong growth in information technology research investment and growth in R&d budgets
R&d investments is likely to continue through the end of the decade. •Significant R&d investments by western countries in long-range technology platforms like robotics, high-performance computing, social media, software,
R&d investments often are linked closely to GDP and economic outlook. Global R&d investments, according to our analysis, are forecast to increase in 2014 and 2015†albeit at a decreasing rate in 2015.
The exception to this outlook may be Japan, which is correlated more with trends in the U s. and Europe than with neighboring Asian countries.
Outlook The broad patterns of R&d spending are expected not to change significantly in 2014, but regional shifts are occurring.
Historic post-recession economic data suggest that private-sector R&d spending will also increase in 2014.
Factors that Influence the 2014 Outlook for U s. R&d Except for a dip in the 1970s at the point where industry surpassed government as the dominant research sponsor,
according to historic data from the National Science Foundation. Research intensity has been correlated with macroeconomic growth, and has been the foundation of U s. technological innovation.
Forecasting must also accommodate updates and corrections to historic economic data. For example, this 2014 Forecast incorporates a revision of the NSF€ s 2011 baseline research expenditures1.
However, the outlook involves substantial uncertainty. In one scenario, BCA-mandated continued reductions in non-defense discretionary spending could result in lower R&d funding.
that industrial R&d spending is correlated with the current economy and the stability of its outlook.
as well as the most recent data (2011) from the NSF€ s Business R&d and Innovation Survey (BRDIS.
Funding Trends & Outlook In response to the 2009-2010 recession, the ARRA added about $18 billion of federal investments to baseline funding for academic research.
which comprehensive data are available. Several institutions exceeded $1 billion in research that year, including Johns hopkins university (including the Applied Physics laboratory), the University of Michigan at Ann arbor, the University of Washington at Seattle,
THE rankings are based on teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook. 0%25%50%75%100%Top 400 Top 50 Top 10 Non-u.
China†s Huawei, for example, now competes for telecommunication contracts in Europe and the U s. Its related attempts to acquire U s. telecom companies have been rebuffed largely by federal regulators,
providing incentive to develop indigenous product development capabilities. Moreover, China is designing and building state-of-the-art next-generation nuclear power plants,
Long-term Outlook for R&d Expenditures Source: Battelle and R&d Magazine Source: Battelle and R&d Magazine China places more emphasis on development, less on basic research Different Priorities Among Research Leaders 14 R&dmagazine December 2013 www. rdmag. com
cost and public perceptions have weakened the outlook for nuclear energy in the U s.,Europe and Japan†all three of which,
Outlook In the second quarter of 2013, the EU emerged from six consecutive quarters of economic contraction
research, knowledge transfer and global outlook. The U k. had the largest number of European universities in the top 400 list with 29.
F igures are papers in N ature-affiliated journals Brazil Russia India South korea Physics Physics Psychology Mat'ls Science Mathematics Immunology Engineering
Space science Engineering Clinical Med Physics Ag Science Computer Sci Ag Science Computer Sci Chemistry Geoscience Pharmacology Mat'ls Science Physics
Regulatory Context Influences U s. R&d Outlook The U s. life science industry emerged from the combined challenges of the recession and patent expirations with fresh strategies for R&d.
and certain regulatory requirements like â€oemeaning-ful use†of electronic data will accelerate new markets and healthcare efficiency,
Top 5 U s. Firms Sources of Innovation License Technologies from Others In-house Development Industrial Collaborations Computer-based Virtual Design/Development Academic Collaborations
Two firms, Intel and Microsoft, each invested more than $10 billion in R&d in 2012 and both expect to exceed $10 billion in 2013.
cloud computing and technologies built on it will remain a major R&d thrust for the foreseeable future.
Trends and Forecast The ICT industry provides hardware, software and services that make up the modern information age,
spanning semiconductors, telecommunications, productivity or security software, computers, tablets and gaming. Across all these applications the integration of smaller, faster, mobile,
and more powerful electronics with the increasingly pervasive Internet continues to drive innovation in networking and information technologies across all industries.
To keep pace with the demand for increased device performance, chip makers continue to invest in technology
Other device and software manufacturers are addressing the functional size of their applications as devices get smaller, lighter, thinner,
and memory to hold operating systems becomes faster and cheaper. The concept of â€oewireless†is no longer a feature
As Internet functionality continues to evolve these domains, a redefinition of ICT may be needed. Such a change could alter the perception of U s. strength.
Two-thirds of ICT respondents cite cloud computing as the key technology development area for 2014-2016,
Contrast this with results from our 2012 forecast where cloud computing was just emerging and not seen as a key development area by 2014.
Core technologies however, are part of the constant development process of the ICT industry. Continued development of wireless technologies was cited by nearly half (49%)of the respondents, cybersecurity capabilities (46),
Computer-based Virtual Design/Development Academic Collaborations ICT sector All Industry Respondents 40%20%The U s. leadership in ICT R&d remains strong
, with both Intel and Microsoft exceeding US$10 billion in 2012 R&d investment, and Google†s and Intel†s R&d investments growing by 40%and 27%,respectively, in each of the last two years.
%and Intel reaching 19%.%Corporate leaders in ICT R&d investment Nokia Ericsson Canon Huawei Alcatel Lucent Microsoft Intel Cisco IBM Google-10%0%10%20
%30%40%5%10%15%20%25%R & D A a G r 2 01 0-20 12 2012 Corporate R&d Intensity
B attelle/R & D M agazine survey Sources of Innovation License Technologies from Others In-house Development Industrial Collaborations Computer-based Virtual Design
B attelle/R & D M agazine survey Sources of Innovation License Technologies from Others In-house Development Industrial Collaborations Computer-based Virtual Design
This includes research in mathematics physics and Earth sciences. Anticipation of Future R&d Funding The survey revealed a distinction between expectations for stability and direction of U s. government R&d funding versus all other types.
ew p ro du ct s P at en ts C os t r ed uc tio n P ub lic
REFERENCES AND METHODOLOGY ENDNOTES RESOURCES 1 During 2013 the release of new data from NSF modified the historical data for industry
but rather computers, laboratory instrumentation, scientists, and engineers. This conservative analysis is based on the application of certain economic impact multipliers to the 2014 forecast total R&d spending figure of $464. 5 billion.
PAGE 1 An Innovation and Competitiveness-Centered Approach to Deficit Reduction BY ROBERT D. ATKINSON JANUARY 2014 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 In an earlier paper
PAGE 2 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 absolute budget deficit, not on the budget-to-GDP ratio, treating deficit reduction as an end in and of itself. 3 In so doing they focus too much on cutting spending and raising taxes
and software and workforce training; b. Lowering the federal corporate tax rate significantly, to around 20 percent;
PAGE 3 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 a. Increasing the Social security (and Medicare) full retirement age to 67 for workers born in 1954 and continuing to increase it by two months every year until it reaches 70;
To distinguish between taxes and PAGE 4 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 spending that support investment versus consumption,
The recent publication of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) â€oeoptions Book†provides estimates of the budget savings for many of these PAGE 5 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
new equipment and software and workforce training drive PIC. However, in the last decade, the United states has fallen behind other nations in investment in these key building blocks. 8 As a result,
Congress should create a comprehensive tax credit for business investments in R&d, new equipment and software,
and a 25 percent credit on new equipment and software. Both credits should be modeled on the current Alternative Simplified R&d credit
and the machinery and software credit costing $51. 5 billion. However, once the effects of induced investment and higher economic growth were taken into account,
PAGE 6 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 Lower the Statutory Corporate Tax rate For the corporate tax rate itself, at a combined state-federal rate of 39 percent, the United states
only if it yields returns in excess of PAGE 7 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 expenditures.
science and technology, education and skills, surface transportation infrastructure and federal information technology (IT) investment. Although these policies would also increase the deficit,
engineering and mathematics (STEM) education, manufacturing skills standards, and increased support for technical and community colleges,
science and technology, education and skills, surface transportation infrastructure and federal information technology investment. PAGE 8 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 Federal IT Investment A strategy to boost the productivity of the federal government should be a key part of any budget reduction strategy.
Mckinsey & Company finds that a 15 percent improvement in the efficiency of federal government operations could generate $1. 3 trillion in savings over the next ten years. 27 These sorts of efficiency gains have been routine
Information technology can play a key role in driving increased efficiency. Through effective use of IT
as the problems with the Affordable Care Act website so clearly demonstrated, we need a change in the rules
PAGE 9 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 The Social security full retirement age (FRA) is 66,
%80%100%2010 2020 2030 Old-age Dependency Youth Dependency PAGE 10 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 federal employees.
Economists David Autor and Mark Dugan argue that the SSDI eligibility application process should focus on objective data with specific maladies for
which SSDI will be granted. 46 Increasing stringency in SSDI qualification PAGE 11 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 would increase labor force participation rates as rejected workers would be required to find jobs.
PAGE 12 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 workers in the sectors that satisfied their consumption.
One way to slow the growth of Social security retirement spending is to require progressive indexing while computing initial benefits
and other benefit programs would save an additional $55 billion. 58 Moving to the chained CPI measure PAGE 13 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PAGE 14 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 Introduce New Taxes There are several ways Congress could raise new revenues that would have limited a impact on PIC.
â€oethe evidence in these data is that hours of work are, as found in much of the previous work,
exactly as predicted by financial experts PAGE 15 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 like Aswath Damodaran, professor of business at the Stern School of business at New york University.
†and a cutback on larger investments that take longer to receive a payback. †74 Given the significant decrease in investment in structures, equipment and software by companies in the United states over the last two decades,
PAGE 16 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 decisions. Under current law, full-time employees pay a portion of their employer-provided health insurance premiums with before-tax dollars.
PAGE 17 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 ENDNOTES 1. Robert D. Atkinson â€oeinnovation Economics:
-old-problem-budget. pdf. 2. Robert Atkinson et al. Taking on the Three Deficits: An Investment Guide to American Renewal (ITIF;
Breakthrough Institute, November 2011), http://www. itif. org/files/2011-taking-three-deficits. pdf. 3. For an example, see:
Cultivate Growth, †New york times, November 16, 2010, http://www. nytimes. com/2010/11/17/business/economy/17leonhardt. html. 5. Congressional Budget Office, The Budget
and Economic Outlook: Fiscal years 2012-2022 (CBO, January 2012), www. cbo. gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/01-31-2012 outlook. pdf. 6. For a definition
of productivity, innovation and competitiveness, see: Robert D. Atkinson, â€oecompetitiveness, Innovation and Productivity: Clearing up the Confusion†(ITIF:
2014 to 2023 (CBO, November 2013), http://www. cbo. gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/44715-Optionsforreducingdeficit-2 1. pdf. 8. Luke
-lagging-investment. pdf. 9. This is a net cost with approximately $34 billion of offsetting savings coming from eliminating expensing.
â€oewinning the Race 2012:#3 Corporate Taxes†(ITIF, September 2012), http://www2. itif. org/2012-wtr-taxes. pdf. 10.
The Laffer Curve in OECD Countries, †AEI Working Paper No. 22016 (July 2007), www. aei. org/files/2007/07/31/20070731 corplaffer7 31 07. pdf. 15.
accessed October 15, 2013), http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/strd-data-en. 18. Luke A. Stewart and Robert D. Atkinson, â€oeuniversity Research Funding:
Still Lagging and Showing No Signs of Improvement†(ITIF, December 2013), http://www2. itif. org/2013-university-research-funding-no-sign-improvement. pdf. 19.
Spurring Clean Energy Innovation While Advancing U s. Competitiveness†(ITIF, March 2011), http://www. itif. org/files/2011-innovation-carbon-price. pdf. 21.
Leadership in Decline (ITIF, May 2012), http://www2. itif. org/2012-leadership-in-decline. pdf. PAGE 18 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 22.
http://www2. itif. org/2013-twenty-five-policy-recs-competes-act. pdf. 23. International Labour Office, â€oea Skilled Workforce for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth†(International Labour Office, November 2010), http://www. ilo. org/wcmsp5
/groups/public/--dgreports/--integration/documents/publication/wcms 151966. pdf. 24. See Robert D. Atkinson and Merrilea Mayo
â€oerefueling the US innovation Economy†(ITIF, December 2010), http://www. itif. org/files/2010-refueling-innovation-economy. pdf,
A National Traded Sector Competitiveness Strategy†(ITIF, September 2012), http://www2. itif. org/2012-fifty-ways-competitiveness-woes-behind. pdf. 25.
Feb09. pdf. 26. CBO estimates that this policy would raise $452 billion over the next decade.
An assessment of Statistics, â€oemonthly Labor Review (May 2009), 31, http://www. bls. gov/opub/mlr/2009/05/art1full. pdf. 31.
A Profile†(HFCA, July 2000), 12, http://www. cms. gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/Thechartseries/Downloads/35chartbk. pdf
accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. ssa. gov/oact/tr/2013/tr2013. pdf. 33. CBO has calculated savings for a similar proposal that would start the rise four years later.
-1138. pdf. 37. Stephen Losey, â€oeobama to propose cuts in retirement benefits, †Federal Times, April 5, 2013,
Background and Recent Developments†(Congressional Research Service, November 2008), 2, http://www. policyarchive. org/handle/10207/bitstreams/19044. pdf. PAGE 19
THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 39.2012 Economic Report of the President (Civilian labor force participation rate and employment/population ratio, 1965-2011, Table B-39;
accessed October 15, 2013), 365, http://www. whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ERP 2012 COMPLETE. pdf. 40.
accessed October 15, 2013), http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/lfs-data-en. 41. Social security administration, Disability insurance Benefit Payments (annual benefits paid from the DI Trust fund;
accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. ssa. gov/oact/STATS/table4a6. html. 42. Social security administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social security Bulletin 2012 (benefits awarded, by type, 1940-2011, Table 6. A1;
http://www. ssa. gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2012/supplement12. pdf. 43. Social security administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social security Bulletin 2012,(Average primary insurance amount for retired workers and average monthly benefit for retired and disabled workers,
http://www. ssa. gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2012/supplement12. pdf. 44. Ibid. 45. David Autor and Mark Duggan, â€oethe Growth in the Social security Disability Rolls:
A Fiscal Crisis Unfolding, †NBER Working Paper no. 12436 (August 2006), http://www. nber. org/bah/fall06/w12436. html. 46.
Author calculations using data from SSDI website. See: Social security administration, 2013 OASDI Trustees Report (Table V. A3.
accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. ssa. gov/OACT/TR/2013/lr5a3. html. 48. Craig Elwell, â€oeinflation and the Real Minimum wage:
A Fact Sheet†(Congressional Research Service, September 12, 2013), 2, http://www. fas. org/sgp/crs/misc/R42973. pdf. 49.
Roy Walmsely, â€oeworld Prison Population List†(International Centre for Prison Studies, November 2013), http://www. prisonstudies. org/sites/prisonstudies. org/files
/resources/downloads/wppl 10. pdf. 51. E. Ann Carson and William J. Sabol, Prisoners in 2011 (Prisoners under state and federal jurisdiction at yearend, 2000†2011;
accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. bjs. gov/content/pub/pdf/p11. pdf. John Schmitt, Kirs Warner and Sarika Gupta,
â€oethe High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration†(accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. cepr. net/documents/publications/incarceration-2010-06. pdf. 52.
accessed October 15, 2013), 7, http://bjs. gov/content/pub/pdf/p09. pdf. 53. James Hopkins, â€oethe cost of keeping prisoners locked up, †KKCO 11 News, February 16, 2010,
http://www. nbc11news. com/home/headlines/84420397. html. 54. These calculations do not include the costs of integration or education programs,
Congressional Budget Office, Historical Budget Data Statistics (historical data on revenues, outlays, and the deficit or surplus for fiscal years 1973 to 2012;
accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. cbo. gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/Historicalbudgetdata aug13. xls. 56.
accessed October 15, 2013), http://www. ssa. gov/OACT/TR/2013/lr5a3. html. 57. Congressional Budget Office, Options for Reducing the Deficit:
Dean Baker, â€oethoughts on the Chained CPI, Social security and the Budget†(Center for Economic and Policy PAGE 20 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 Research
December 17, 2012), http://www. cepr. net/index. php/blogs/cepr-blog/thoughts-on-the-chained-cpi-social-security-and-the-budget. 60.
accessed October 15, 2013), http://farm. ewg. org/regionsummary. php? fips=00000&statename=theunitedstates. 61. Ibid. 62.
Robert Pirog, â€oeoil and Natural gas Industry Tax Issues in the FY2013 budget Proposal†(Congressional Research Service, March 2012), http://budget. house. gov/uploadedfiles/crsr42374. pdf. 64.
accessed October 15, 2013), 191, http://www. whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2014/assets/spec. pdf. 65.
IPCC, 1997) http://www. ipcc-nggip. iges. or. jp/public/gl/guidelin/ch2ref1. pdf. 69.
A Historical and International Perspective, †Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 1 (2007), http://elsa. berkeley. edu/saez/piketty-saezjep07taxprog. pdf. 70.
cbo. gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/10-25-2012-Recent research on labor supply elasticities. pdf. 71. Moffitt, Robert A,
/pdfiles/papers/divtaxes. pdf. 75. Luke A. Stewart and Robert D. Atkinson, â€oerestoring America†s Lagging Investment in Capital Goods†(ITIF, October 2013), http://www2. itif. org/2013
-restoring-americas-lagging-investment. pdf. 76. Congressional Budget Office, Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014 to 2023,111. 77.
PAGE 21 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 81. Jonathan Gruber, â€oethe Tax Exclusion for Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance†NBER Working Paper no. 15766 (February 2010.
Joint Committee on Taxation, Estimates of the Federal Tax Expenditures for Fiscal years 2012-2017 (JCT, February 1, 2013), 36,38, https://www. jct. gov/publications. html?
func=download&id=4503&chk=4503&no html=1. PAGE 22 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank the following individuals for providing input to this report:
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Robert Atkinson is the President of the Information technology and Innovation Foundation.
ABOUT ITIF The Information technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a Washington, D c.-based think tank at the cutting edge of designing innovation strategies and technology policies to create economic opportunities
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT ITIF BY PHONE AT 202.449.1351, BY EMAIL AT MAIL@ITIF. ORG,
ONLINE AT WWW. ITIF. ORG, JOIN ITIF ON LINKEDIN OR FOLLOW ITIF ON TWITTER@ITIFDC AND ON FACEBOOK. COM/INNOVATIONPOLICY.
Distinguishing Between Productive Investment and Consumptive Spending Budget Policies INCREASE INVESTMENTS, INCLUDING CUTTING BUSINESS TAXES Reduce Effective Business Taxes Increase Tax Incentives for Investment Lower the Statutory Corporate Tax rate
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