The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan heights, East
Outlook Division, provided overall guidance and support for the project which benefited from inputs and
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem...131 Lessons learned and conclusions for policy...
Figure 2. 7. Finish Innovations, the VTT SFINNO Database...125 Figure 2. 8. National (Lead Market) Themes and Practices in 2008-2010.126
Box 3. 1. Advantages and limitations of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation...
In addition to quantitative indicators, qualitative data such as SWOT analyses, surveys workshops and interviews with regional stakeholders are also important in the priority setting and
e g. the annual Brainport Monitor. Lessons from the OECD case studies for the project show this kind of capacity takes time
The core elements of the smart specialisation concept for policy include •Self-discovery or entrepreneurial discovery process.
spatial clustering of innovation activities) makes regional responses to R&d globalisation naturally appropriate. Indeed there has been a trend over the past decades to devolve competences for innovation
Public web consultations Regional workshops Innovation Vouchers Internationalisation support services INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
users, specialised services banks, basic research and training institutions Support to technologies which have scale or agglomeration
Research Area and with the support of European policies and measures (e g. through the Joint Programming
high value added areas such information technology services While most government response to the ex-post distributional effects of globalisation-driven
Modern core technologies, referred to as â€oekey technologies†(KET) such as nanotechnology, micro and nanoelectronics, advanced materials, photonics, industrial biotechnology and advanced manufacturing
industries like information and communication technologies and telecommunications has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.
Designing a specialisation strategy at the regional level requires an intelligent use of data in order
Technology and Telecommunications, which plays a leading role in cluster and education development. Estonian ICT
regional panels, the national government gets engaged in intensive consultation with regional stakeholders, in order to detect emerging opportunities
companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.
of quantitative and qualitative data to situate the region, country or emerging †activities†in a larger picture
what data and tools are needed †and available †to support policy makers to assess the
Thus, data and indicators are necessary to track progress, assess structural transformations and compare strategies.
while the latter can use a variety of data types, including number of employees, number of newly established enterprises, Gross domestic product,
and export data per economic sector For countries, sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data is available from OECD (www. oecd
-ilibrary. org/industry. Unfortunately, on a regional level, it is difficult to find sufficiently detailed, internationally
comparable economic data. The most appropriate data appear to be OECD€ s regional labour market statistics
By comparing specialisation indicators over time, changes in scientific, technological or economic specialisations can be analysed.
In addition to publications, patents and economic performance indicators, other data are relevant for assessing a country†s or a region†s STIE potential.
Unfortunately, it is very difficult to find regional data that are sufficiently detailed in terms of relevant
Additional limitations to data analyses arise when considering that regional internationally comparable data †especially on economic specialisation †are underdeveloped.
A number of indicators for innovation, research and development commitments, complementary investments in related industries early stage market transactions as well as for interregional and international collaboration deserve more
indicators based on the new data available to measure trade in value-added terms: the OECD ICIO model
and ORBIS firm-level data. It could be interesting to explore if regional indicators can be developed to
In addition to quantitative data, diagnostic tools can be particularly useful to identify these promising †activities††not captured by existing empirical material â€
Web consultations: The development of the information and technology communications (ICTS) has strongly facilitated the connectivity and communication within regions (and inter-regions.
prioritisation process involves citizens through web consultations Cross-regional governance structure: The innovation strategy between Brandenburg and Berlin (innobb) has
Innovation database: In Finland, the Technical Research Centre (VTT) has made a path-breaking research on the
identified nearly 5 000 innovations and collected data on them. This database makes it possible to make versatile
studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment. The study represents pioneering work in
and other regions utilizing the SFINNO database Source: OECD-TIP case-studies on smart specialisation. The RIS3 KEY for self-assessment at www. era. gv. at
Data and indicators to measure specialisation in science, technology and employment may help policy-makers in diagnosing apparent strengths, weaknesses, fits and misfits in terms of scientific
staff exchanges and interagency joint programming OECD, 2012f. Some of these new challenges can be grouped as follows
and elect panel representatives. The prioritisation process is made up by three regional panels collecting grower
priorities and synthesising these at the National Panel. The regional panels are composed of grain growers
agribusiness practitioners, scientists and the GRDC€ s Executive Managers, with a possibility for other industry experts
to participate as appropriate. The National Panel is composed of the chairs of the three regional panels, the Managing
Director and the GRDC€ s Executive Managers Source: OECD-TIP case-studies on smart specialisation These new challenges may help to explain why smart specialisation strategies are still in an early
strategy formation process, prospective data and analysis •Selecting and engaging key actors, necessary for their expertise and knowledge, is an
ICT visual computing, building physics and energy systems, Materials, tribology (friction, wear, lubrication medical technology, sensory technology and actuators, surfaces, Green building, Food safety and
healthcare, Global education services, Green financing, Contents and software and Meetings, Incentives Conventions and Events and tourism industry
national governments, such as Finland and Australia, organise regional panels to detect direct needs and to
It includes performance data such as publications, critical size, collaborative projects etc The Monitoring helps to â€oefine-tune†the Strategy...
â€oethe main instrument is the Brainport monitor, an annual report that analyses the region on about
monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant
a †follow the money†website. iii) Dashboards that describe the ambition, goals, and activities for every
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/files/kets/hlg report final en. pdf; See also page 21 of this report
http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu/activities/research-and-innovation/documents/connecting universities2011 en. pdf 10 On July 14th, 2010, the European Economic and Social Committee approved an opinion report about the role of
11 With open innovation in the core of Brainport†s development strategy-along with new forms of participation-,the
Eindhoven triple helix model has transgressed actually towards a quadruple helix structure in which innovation users
systems are being developed in Poland and The netherlands to monitor Top Sector policies 17 The way through which policy instruments serve the priorities and the split of budgetary allocations to the prioritised
published for download at www. era. gv. at Chorafakis, G. and D. Pontikakis,(2011) â€oetheoretical underpinnings and future directions of EU research
-innovation/documents/connecting universities2011 en. pdf Foray, D.,P. A. David and B. Hall (2009), â€oesmart Specialisation †The Conceptâ€
http://ec. europa. eu/invest-inresearch/pdf/download en/kfg policy brief no9. pdf? 11111 Foray, D.,(2009), †Structuring a policy response to a â€oegrand Challenge††Available at
http://ec. europa. eu/invest-in-research/pdf/download en/selected papers en. pdf Foray, D.,(2012, forthcoming) â€oeeconomic Fundamentals of Smart Specialisationâ€, Ekonomiaz, special
-Changdebate. pdf OECD (2009), †Regions Matter: Economic Recovery, Innovation and Sustainable Growthâ€. Paris, OECD
†OECD Regional Outlook: Building Resilient Regions for Stronger Economiesâ€. Paris OECD Publishing OECD (2011), †Regions and Innovation Policy, OECD Reviews of Regional Innovationâ€.
OECD (2012f), OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012, OECD publishing http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/sti outlook-2012-en
http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu/docs/s3 mccann ortega. pdf Nauwelaers C. 2012), Draft-chapter on the results of the governance enquiry (unpublished
www. hks. harvard. edu/fs/drodrik/Research%20papers/UNIDOSEP. pdf Saritas, O. 2011), †Systemic Foresight Methodology††Working paper presented at the Forth International
www. tmg. at/images/images content/download bericht kunststoffstandort englisch. pdf Wade R. 2012), †Returns of industrial policy?
Collection of data is undertaken based on a random sample of approximately 9 000 businesses. The sample was
Data from the survey is used to monitor trends in farm innovation, evaluate impacts on agricultural productivity
Furthermore, the data allows the grain sector to develop its own benchmarks for innovation to ensure agriculture does not lag behind the national push to develop
The GRDC Board oversees corporate governance, sets strategic direction and monitors the ongoing performance of the GRDC.
Growers participate in regional Annual General Meetings and elect panel representatives. The panel prioritisation process occurs by regional panels collecting grower priorities
and synthesising these at a National Panel. The GRDC€ s three regional panels cover the northern, southern and western grain
growing regions of Australia. They are made up of grain growers, agribusiness practitioners, scientists and the GRDC€ s Executive Managers, with provision for other industry experts to participate as appropriate
The National Panel is composed of the chairs of the three regional panels, the Managing director and the
GRDC€ s Executive Managers Five year strategic research and development plans are developed by the GRDC in consultation with
iv) monitors international developments in grains R&d and applies them locally when possible; vi) conducts periodic
priority setting process utilises a structure of regional panels and grower consultations to establish the key issues for its 24 000 end-users (grain farmers.
users take an active interest in the investments and the resultant research. GRDC capitalises on
www. npirdef. org/files/resourcelibrary/resource/7 ginrdestrategy webversion. pdf 22 Council of Rural RDC Chairs (2008) Submission to the National Innovation System Review.
www. ruralrdc. com. au/WMS/Upload/Resources/Innovation%20review%20submission%20final%20300408. pdf 23 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Agricultural Commodities.
http://adl. brs. gov. au/data warehouse/agcomd9abcc004/agcomd9abcc004201203/AC2012. V2. 1 agcommoditiesv1. 1. 0 pdf 25 All figures are in Australian dollars.
On 13 april 2012 AUD$1=US$1. 04 26 Productivity Commission (2011) Rural Research and development Corporations. Inquiry report
www. foreignminister. gov. au/speeches/2011/kr sp 110929. html  OECD 2013 61 FLANDERS, BELGIUM: NANOTECH-FOR-HEALTH
The potential user community e g. care-providers, insurers, companies) were asked to rate the potential impacts of particular
Leuven and Aachen, Eindhoven constitutes the core of the European Top Technology Region ELAT. The
high-end lithography machines for the semiconductor industry, embedded systems for automotive to advanced medical systems and design, with micro-and nano-electronics and mechatronics being key
close proximity, open innovation (e g. the former Philips High tech Campus, nowadays High tech Campus Eindhoven), multidisciplinarity and cross-overs between technology domains, low barriers and
innovation and competitiveness programming) and Brainport Development. The existing regional strategies and programmes can best be seen as †pacts†signed by public-private, triple helix-like
selected including High tech Systems and Materials; Life sciences and Health; Logistics; Chemicals; and Creative Industry. The policy reform included a decisive shift from subsidy-led policy to tax-based R&d
the heart of the new Structural Funds programming period 2014-2020. In terms of vision and ambition
Critical in programming will be the national willingness and ability to (co) finance. Brainport 2020 has been designed as a Smart Specialisation
Monitoring is done on an annual basis in the Brainport monitor covering 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The Brainport monitor contains trend analysis and benchmarking, inter alia comparisons with national average and, where
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on
hardware and embedded software technology) shows that collaboration is possible and might also be taken up fruitfully in other clusters.
A challenge in view of smart specialisation regional programming is the (so far non-resolved) lack of
Moreover, in the runner-up to the new programming period 2014-2020 current available funding for regional projects is almost zero,
new smart specialisation programming offers a number of advantages for Brainport Eindhoven, of which the opportunities to extend
31 With open innovation in the core of Brainport†s development strategy-along with new forms of participation-,the
Eindhoven triple helix model has transgressed actually towards a quadruple helix structure in which innovation users
research institutes with core R&d capacities and expensive common equipment were crucial in order to reach minimum critical mass in the region.
Local industrial structure analysis shows Gwangju lacks future core industries. Therefore, in order to prepare for the future,
digital information appliances, automotive and advanced parts and design •Multilevel coordination and mobilisation of stakeholders:
one of the next three target technologies of Gwangju, can upgrade technological competitiveness of these strategic industries and help their modernisation
2007-2013 (PAIDI), the main tool for programming, coordinating, stimulating and assessing the Regional Government of Andalusiaâ's scientific and technological development policies.
Finally, this Plan takes the programming documents of the National Strategic Reference Framework 2007 -2013 into account,
Electronics and Embedded Software etc Lessons learned and conclusions for policy The lessons learned can be grouped as follows
Director of the Turkish Radio and Television, Chairman of the Union of Chambers and Commodity exchanges of
and made this a core priority, committing hundreds of millions of support to encourage development and uptake of ultra-low carbon vehicles as well as a GBP
more business to business, business to research, research to research, research to community and business to community interactions;
evaluated against qualitative data gathered from interactions with industry and by gauging community and industry support for the organisation through event attendance and brand recognition.
Qualitative data, in the form of â€oereal life†success stories help demonstrate to SMES, the value of networks, like SEMIP in
Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics demonstrates the concentration of advanced manufacturing and high tech
firms in the region: i) The region accounts for 9. 5%of all manufacturing nationally.
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Strategic priorities identified by the SEMIP to support the specialisation and innovation in the region
sites and to help peripheral and structural weak areas. Following infrastructure measures can be mentioned:
Ambitions, strategic plans and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem As mentioned in the chapters above,
•Use of data and diagnostic tools: The region†s innovation strategy is based on both qualitative
and quantitative data and takes into account local and external conditions. Lower Austria has gone through extensive prioritisation processes thanks to several strategic exercises since the
•Impact of data and diagnostic tools: Lower Austria made positive learning experiences with the
The regional economy of Upper Austria is characterized by its very strong industrial core. The strong
Ambitions, strategic plans and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Upper Austria uses a continuous process to identify new potential growth areas to be supported.
http://cemi. epfl. ch/files/content/sites/cemi/files/users/178044/public/Measuring%20smart%20special
sourcing of modern sectors in old industrial regions-A comparison of software firms in Moravia
region for the new 2007-13 EU programming period in order to efficiently stream financial funds into the
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem In current process of policy and strategy planning the importance of S3 approach is recognised and
Programming Initiatives. This provides a clear argument for a continued strong Estonian cooperation and contribution within the European Research Area.
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system should be much stronger in the future.
and the core RDI system is insufficient. Also, the participation and activity of other stakeholders and
Empirical data-on how to articulate regional choices in terms of the national strategy-were collected in a series of 18 regional workshops,
identified nearly 5 000 innovations and collected data on them. This database makes it possible to make
versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment. The study at hand
the SFINNO database is significantly richer in content and wider in scope compared to other ones abroad
The SFINNO database consists of about 4 900 innovations developed by Finnish companies, dating back
and other regions utilizing the SFINNO database  OECD 2013 125 Figure 2. 7. Finish Innovations, the VTT SFINNO Database
Source: Tekes. Futher information www. vt. fi/proj/shinno Future development for smart specialisation Current status of the specialisation and prioritisation in the region
themes for the development of its innovation ecosystem and industrial outlook in the future. Through these choices, the region aims to lift its competitiveness to a global level.
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Three thematic top expertise areas were selected by the bodies in Päijã¤t-Häme region as regional
and users form a platform and collaborate around a common issue, a so-called hotspot; ii) The focus is on
iv) The actions are driven user, the customer is a subject in the innovation process; and v) Environmental expertise, design and innovation expertise will form a novel
internationalization and user-driven innovation capabilities of companies in the region †access to demanding test beds:
i) a special user-driven model of action for R&d and innovation has been developed in the Lahti region, deriving from the needs of companies.
creating methods for anticipating user needs promoting public and private sector partnership and cooperation (including knowledge transfer and
User-driven R&d Finnovaatiosampo Clean tech/Environment †key organizational player†Lahti Science and Business Park
The innovative core of the nascent cluster structures is underpinned with a growth-and competition-oriented basis by innovation
form the innovative core of the â€oehealthcare industryâ'†cluster which also includes health-related
development of the innovative core, such as, for example, medical imaging, regenerative medicine and diagnostics as well as by locating companies locally
road traffic/automotive, rail technology, traffic telematics, aviation and space flight, as well as logistics. The capital region traditionally offers high competence along the entire value creation
companies in the film industry, the creative sector and e-businesses through to data processing and telecommunication technologies.
The developments in the ICT industry frequently serve as initial forerunners for innovations in other clusters
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem The capital region†s higher education and science landscape is multifaceted and unique.
and are hence able to focus on their respective core competences. The competence and reach of a cluster is expanded systematically in parallel to its growth process.
cluster management have to focus on the smaller innovative cores, where the close cooperation of academic institutions and enterprises gives the opportunity for sustainable growth.
conditions and streamlining of the healing process based on the data analysis; and iii) information and visualization:
touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information These key technologies were incorporated in the updated regional development strategy-the
monitors the state of Maå opolska economy; iii) Maå opolska Social policy Observatory which monitors and
collects the data from the area of social policy; and iv) Labour market and Education Observatory of
Maå opolska which focuses on gathering information and improving knowledge of the regional labour market and education
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem The Maå opolska Region is currently at the process of updating RIS 2013-2020.
information and communication technologies (including multimedia), chemistry; ii) emphasis on three flagship undertakings: a) support for entrepreneurship of higher-education students and academics;
•The Multimedia and Information system Cluster in Nowy SÄ cz (cluster), which is an inter
Multiklaster groups television and film studios, producers and suppliers of mobile solutions software for companies, advanced internet applications as well as interactive marketing agencies
•ICT companies: Comarch Group and Ericpol Telecom. Comarch Group, which was established in Krakã w in 1993, has built an international network of subsidiaries and offices throughout the
USA, Europe and the Middle east. Ericpol Telecom (Ericpol) was established in 1991 in Å Ã då
but since 1995 the company has operated also in the Maå opolska Region. The Ericpol structure
Cisco, Google Motorola (R&d centre), IBM (R&d centre), HP, Delphi (R&d centre Stakeholder and policy dialogues to achieve the ambitions
One of the main goals of the regional authorities of the Maå opolska Region is to engage citizens
Information about RIS 2013-2020 was put into local and regional newspapers as well as via Internet. The
ICT, multimedia and life sciences. Regional universities are engaged also in many initiatives aimed at addressing the main challenges in
life science, ICT and multimedia, chemistry INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS: THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION
37 www. kic-innoenergy. com/co-locations/cc-poland-plus. html INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
This type of tools is mostly based on data from the past and present. The analysis can be used by
makers were provided with this data-set for the OECD exercise, it is too early to comment on how it is
While good progress has been made to collect data and develop indicators to monitor the innovation performance of regions and countries, there is still a challenge to develop appropriate evaluation
The current state of the art for baseline data profiling for policy prioritisation is developed much more than that for ongoing monitoring.
Data and indicators about smart specialisation are necessary to make those processes and their impact
metrics, indicators and regular data collections, smart specialisation strategic opportunities will not be discernible and policy makers will be unable to track progress,
Baseline indicator computations and their results are available for all countries and regions listed in
Mathematics 0. 82 0. 70 0. 70 General and Internal medicine 0. 56 0. 66 0. 54
covered in a specific bibliographic database. Since the coverage and the profiles of most bibliographic
databases are subject to yearly modifications, the measurement of regional or national scientific output always needs to be considered in relationship to the development of the database as a whole.
In order to obtain insights in a nation†s or region†s publication trends, and hence its science base, over time, one thus
Databases One of the most accepted and widely used data sources for the analysis of scientific specialisations is
the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), which is part of the Web of Science database of Thomson
Reuters. Whereas critiques can be formulated regarding coverage and data handling by Thomson Reuters the multidisciplinarity of the database, its selectivity based on quantitative criteria, the completeness of the
INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS: THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION Â OECD 2013 155 address information for all authors,
the inclusion of all references and the electronic availability make it one of the most appropriate data sources for bibliometric analyses.
In addition to SCIE, the Web of Science also contains the Social science Citation Index (SSCI), the Arts and Humanities Citation index (A&hci
and the ISI Proceedings which contain conference proceedings Another multidisciplinary bibliographic database is Scopus. Officially named Sciverse Scopus, it is
owned by Elsevier and available online by subscription. Scopus covers a wider journal range but it is
currently limited to more recent articles compared with Web of Science. However, Scopus and WOS
scientific specialisations of countries, regionalisation of publication data has made it possible to develop the same indicators on a regional basis. They then represent the scientific specialisations of a specific
As the SCIE data do not contain regional identifiers such as NUTS2 or NUTS3 codes, regionalisation of publication data currently requires
text mining and programming procedures. Regionalization of the Scopus data is even more cumbersome given the lower quality of the address information in this database
The successful application of the Activity Index and of RCR by scientific field strongly depends on
the underlying subject classification system, and notably on its granularity. If a multilevel hierarchical scheme is used, one can look at specialisations on an aggregated level,
and also zoom in on more detailed fields. One such hierarchical scheme is the Budapest†Leuven classification scheme (Glã¤nzel and Schubert
The data indicate that the country has a persistent relative specialisation in geosciences and space sciences (G), mathematics (H), and biology
Z). It also shows that the historical relative strengths of the country in chemistry (C)
publication data for this country can shed more light on these dynamics INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge Baseline indicators for technological specialisations Indicators The most widely used indicators for technological activities make use of patent data.
Despite several issues (see Box 3. 1), patents are still a unique resource for the analysis of the process of technical change
Box 3. 1. Advantages and limitations of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation
The advantages of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation •Patents cover virtually every field of technology useful for the analysis of the diffusion of key
technologies (excepted software, which is protected generally by copyright and can be patented only when it is integrated in a technical process of product;
•The statistical processing of data is largely free of errors, because patent documents are legal
•Accessibility and electronic availability of patent data has eased greatly their use The limitations of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation
•Firms differ in their propensities to patent(#patents per unit of expenditure on R&d or just#of patent
Just as with publication data, one needs to be careful in interpreting low count data. Regions with very
Databases For the calculation of the RTA and RTAN-indices, different patent databases representing different
patent systems can and may be used. Besides national patent systems from individual countries, several supranational databases are available.
In Europe, a European patent system has been established in parallel to these national systems. Data on these European patents are available from the European Patent office
EPO). ) Data from the U s. patent system is available from the United states Patent and Trademark Office
USPTO). ) One important way in which patent systems differ is in their publishing and granting procedures
Twice per year, the European Patent office publishes the PATSTAT database, covering large patent systems like EPO, USPTO, PCT, JPO,
as well as about national patent systems data for about 100 countries worldwide. Access to the PATSTAT database is obtained through a license agreement with EPO
When calculating the relative specialisation of a country or region, a benchmark group of countries needs to be chosen.
The choice of this benchmark group will often be determined by the patent data source used. When using USPTO,
use EPO patent data to compare the specialisation profile of Sweden with that of all Scandinavian
noted that the regionalization of patent data, based on inventor and applicant addresses, is not available in
patent databases. However, ECOOM38 and OECD39 have invested substantial efforts to regionalize patents NUTS2 and NUTS3 level), based on inventor and applicant addresses
The data show a relatively stable specialisation profile, with relative INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
This indicator is calculated typically with export data (Balassa 1965), but other economic indicators such as employment, Gross domestic product (GDP), number of
Databases The successful application of the RCA and RCAN indices by economic sector strongly depends on
However, international databases on sectoral economic activity often aggregate many NACE or SIC codes into broad overarching sectors, such as †manufacturingâ€.
internationally comparable data is necessary on a relatively fine-grained classification level For countries, sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data is available from OECD
www. oecd-ilibrary. org/industry. The OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation database, the OECD databases on Structural and Demographic Business Statistics and the OECD Structural Analysis Statistics
database contain many different sector-specific indicators for economic activity, including international trade, R&d expenditures, birth and death rates, High-Growth enterprises rates, turnover, value-added
production, operating surplus, employment, labour costs and investment. Benchmark data can be obtained by summing up sectoral data over all countries in these OECD database (or over a smaller group of
benchmark countries if desired. Also Eurostat publishes ample economic data on a sufficiently detailed sectoral level.
The limitation of Eurostat data compared to OECD data is that the benchmarking group pertains to the whole (or a selection) of European countries, making worldwide comparisons impossible
Unfortunately, on a regional level, it is difficult to find sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data.
The most appropriate data appear to be OECD€ s regional labour market statistics (e g. number of establishments or number of employees per TL2 region),
which are available for a selection of countries and regions and are aggregated in 37 industries.
Due to limited data availability for some sectors in multiple regions and countries, only 32 industries can be used in comparative analyses.
A limitation of these data is that not all industries represented. In a case a region would like to use other
indicators for its regional economic specialisation indicator, it can collect its own data and compare this to
worldwide indicators (e g. the sum of nationally available statistics over all OECD countries. However, in
this case, special care needs to be taken regarding data collection methodology in order to obtain internationally comparable statistics.
In Flanders for example, export data are calculated without quasi -transits, while OECD data include quasi-transits,
making international benchmarking difficult An example Figure 3 below shows the RCANS for an anonymous region in 32 industries according to OECD€ s
regional labour market statistics. The data show a relative specialisation in Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products, Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products, and Manufacture of
Equipment for Radio, TV and Communication. We see that the relative employment in Air Transport and
in the Manufacture of Basic Metals plummeted, but recovered somewhat INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
publication and patent data can point to opportunities in technology development. In particular, the use of
hand, and term frequencies originated from text mining, on the other hand, are usually not sufficient at this level if applied alone.
patent data. These promising scientific and technological domains can and should then be discussed with economic actors in order to assess potential economic use and impact
Data on co-applications need to be interpreted with caution. The location (and hence the region or country) of the application can differ
In addition to publications, patents and economic performance indicators, other data are relevant for assessing a country†s or a region†s potential.
For example, sectoral data from the European Innovation Survey and R&d Survey can be used to construct relative specialisation indices
benchmark group. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to find reliable regional data on these topics. Most
regional innovation and R&d data does not contain sector specific information needed for the construction
For the mapping of human capital, educational data, such as the number of students enrolled in
However, this data should be rather detailed in order to provide insights in potential future specialisations or strengths.
economic development have been developed, regional internationally comparable data †especially on economic specialisations †is underdeveloped. In addition, a number of indicators for innovation and
Burnham, J. 2006), â€oescopus database: A reviewâ€, Biomedical Digital Libraries, Vol. 3, No. 1 Callaert, J.,B. Van Looy and C. Vereyen (2011), Descriptive Report:
Falagas, M. E.,E. I. Pitsouni, G. A. Malietzi and G. Pappas (2007), â€oecomparison of Pubmed, Scopus, Web
of Science, and Google Scholar: Strengths and weaknessesâ€, The FASEB Journal, Vol. 22, No. 2
database description, overview of indicators and first applications†Scientometrics, Vol. 33, pp. 381-422 Glã¤nzel, W. and A. Schubert,(2003), â€oea new classification scheme of science fields and subfields designed
http://www. wipo. int/edocs/mdocs/classifications/en/ipc ce 41/ipc ce 41 5-annex1. pdf Schmoch, U.,F. Laville,,
ftp://ftp. cordis. lu/pub/indicators/docs/ind report isi ost spru. pdf Schubert, A. and T. Braun (1986), â€oerelative indicators and relational charts for comparative-assessment of
Because of the complexity of the issue, phone interviews have been chosen as the most appropriate method to enquire with key policy-makers in the countries
and used for the phone interviews. The questionnaire is produced in two versions, national and regional.
questions could be covered during the phone interview. The interview phase was completed during the months of March and April 2012 and resulted in draft filled templates submitted for comments to the
visual computing, building physics and energy systems Materials, tribology (friction, wear, lubrication medical technology, sensory technology and
healing process based on the data analysis In the area of information and visualization touchless computer interface, intelligent systems
and universal access to information Life science, biotech, biomedicine pharma, health ICT Environmental technologies, energy Nanotechnology, materials
Contents and software Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events and tourism industry Life science, biotech, biomedicine pharma, health
In Poland and The netherlands, the process involves citizens through web consultations; in Finland, the national level organizes â€oesignal sessions†in regions to stimulate the
•â€oeoften hard data give surprising results and are useful for policy-making†•â€oethere are no mechanisms to assess technological/economic SWOT on a regular basis, further
It includes performance data such as publications, critical size, collaborative projects etc. The Monitoring helps to â€oefine-tune†the
â€oethe main instrument is the Brainport monitor, an annual report that analyses the region on about 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant
a †follow the money†website. C) Dashboards that describe the ambition, goals, and activities for every sector, with corresponding indicators and target
existing data or stakeholder action. Actually, the responses to the enquiry suggest that the approach followed puts much more weight on reinforcing existing strengths than on directing
This process ideally combines both smart user involvement (and crucially, business involvement in the strategy definition) and smart use of intelligence (in the form of studies, foresight
user involvement or strategic intelligence. This is certainly the major area of improvement for efficient smart specialisation strategies in the future
the involvement of users (to avoid falling into the trap of purely technology-push niches with dubious market potential),
and prospective data and analysis will be particularly important to mobilise The generic arguments for the necessity of good, robust and policy-oriented monitoring and
The core of this design process lies in the definition of priorities for knowledge-based economic development, identified on the basis of a region†s unique
monitor regional growth and innovation policy programmes and measures regularly; do you conduct ex-post evaluations of past policy actions in your region?
39 www. oecd. org/sti/innovationinsciencetechnologyandindustry/40794372. pdf 40 Report for the European Commission††â€oemeasurement and analysis of knowledge and R&d exploitation flows
and licensing data. †41 Extract from Polish questionnaire: â€oethe Ministry of Economy does not want to prioritise sectors.
Every cluster has an innovation core: the R&d field is included in the core of the clusterâ€.
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Bottlenecks and threats Lessons learned and conclusions for policy
Ambitions, strategic plans and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development
Ambitions, strategic plans and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development
Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development
Databases An example Baseline indicators for technological specialisations Indicators Databases An example Baseline indicators for economic specialisations
Indicators Databases An example Combining baseline indicators for specialisations in science, innovation, and economic development
Additional, sophisticated indicators Mapping interactions between science and technology Detection of emerging scientific and technological fields
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