or post articles, visit our website FAQ page http://sloanreview. mit. edu/faq /Customer service Email:
smr-help@mit. edu Phone: 617-253-7170 Authors MICHAEL FITZGERALD is the Digital Transfor
technologies (social media, mobile, analytics or embedded devices) to enable major business improvements such as enhancing customer experience,
Using social media, mobile and other technologies to change customer relationships, operations and the business model has helped Starbucks re-engage with customers
Beginner companies probably use email, inter -net and various kinds of enterprise software. But they have been slow to adopt,
-cially through using social media. For example, Jon Bidwell, chief innovation officer at Chubb, a large specialty insurer, told us that social business tools and
Today†s emerging technologies, like social media mobile, analytics and embedded devices, demand different mindsets and skill sets than previous waves
tools, embraced social media, etc. all on day one That said, we used a lot of disjointed, free or low
on many social media activities (at least to the satis -faction of the executive board) †said one survey
if companies could give their relationship to digital transformation a Facebook status, it would be â€oeit†s
Data and Social media...34 2. 1 egovernment and Interoperability...34 2. 1. 1 Introduction...34
2. 4 Social media...56 2. 4. 1 Introduction...56 2. 4. 2 European context...56
Big data and Social media †increase efficiency and reduce the public sector costs in Romania by having a modern administration.
Regular internet usage overall Among disadvantaged people 75%by 2015 60%by 2015 60%by 2020
Population that has used never the internet 15%by 2015 30%by 2020 48.0%(2012 Citizens using egovernment
3. Pillar III †Trust & Security †increases the trust of web users in electronic services and online
never used the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms 2. 2. Ensuring social inclusion for growth
Regular internet usage overall Among disadvantaged people Population that has never used the internet Key cross-border public
services, online 4. 2. Improving social inclusion through access to broadband ICT infrastructure IV-Fast and ultra-fast
download official forms for Life Events Target: 50%by 2020 %of citizens/businesses using the online services
promoted by social media Target: at least 10 by 2020 #of companies supported related to communication by social media
Target: at least 2 per county by 2020 Re-evaluation of the administrative capacity directly involved in the
social media Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services Promoting public debates Ministry for Information
Partnership initiative, as social media is in alignment with the three principles of Open Data Transparency, Participation and
web ï Websites located on Internet Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services
Page 20 of 170 ï Social media ï Operational systems available Definition of the analysis process for
the data sets collected. Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services Field of action 2 â€
internet regularly Target: 75%by 2020 %individuals from the category of those disfavored using the
internet Target: 50%by 2020 %of pupils trained with TIC skill Target: 75%by 2020
OER, Web 2. 0 in education Target: 75%by 2020 %LLL resource e-learning systems Target:
Include Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning processes Ministry for Information Society (responsible Ministry of Education
Internet usage at the regional level Promoting the system of â€oelearning together†Involvement of HR services within
Internet usage at the regional level Promoting the system of â€oelearning together†Involvement of HR services within
internet regularly Target: 75%by 2020 %individuals from the category of those disfavored using the
internet Target: 50%by 2020 %of individuals who have never used the internet Target: To be defined
based on Appendix 5 Methodology %of pupils trained with TIC skill Target: 75%by 2020 %education facilities using
OER, Web 2. 0 in education Target: 75%by 2020 #of application developed using Big data databases
internet to order goods and services from other countries members of the UE. Target: 10%by 2020
internet to order goods and services Target: 30%by 2020 #of competency centers developed on a regional
#of broadband internet connections Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology #of fixed telephony lines
access to internet broadband (at least 30mbps Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Simplifying the Authorization Ministry for Information
Big data and Social media Field of Action II ICT in Education, Health Culture and einclusion Field of Action III
Establish key principles for Social media Promote public debates Support for Open Government and Big Data Common infrastructure
Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning process Improve availability of telemedicine equipment Contribute to Europeana Develop specific cultural content
%Cloud computing and Social media 70,187, 239 EUR 1, 8 %Page 33 of 170 ICT In Education 207,365, 877 EUR 5, 2
Cloud computing and Social media X X x ICT In Education X X ICT in Health X
The combination of the use of advanced ICT, especially the Internet, and the support of new ways of
initiative to a restrictive definition of delivering transactional public services over the Internet, but mainly egovernment should mean â€oethe transformational approach enabled by the use of information technology
ï telecom infrastructure (calculated depending on%of internet users,%of subscribers of fixed telephony,%subscribers of mobile telephony,%internet subscribers in fixed line and
%broadband subscribers ï the index of human capital (generated depending on the education level noticed on adults and
or through links with social media where appropriate All public bodies will adhere to this Line
Implementation of the web portals goes through stages; starting from an interface to citizens and SMES containing a catalogue of
Low%of Citizens are using web portals to submit forms and a smaller number of%of
o Site completeness o Maturity of Integrated Web Services o One Stop Portal Approach o Multi lingual site
o Forms/Process /Descriptions o Promotes Collaborative Platform o Helpdesk availability Romania offers provider-centric on-line
services, usually via the web sites/portals of the provider state entity; the current egovernment portal structures the access to
these sites Romania has a separate payment portal which allows citizens to make payments for
and stored by computer networks Cyber security Definition Cyber security is defined as"the state of normality that results after provisioning proactive and reactive
European commission Strategy http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/news/eu-cybersecurity-plan-protect-open-internet
and stored by computer networks A positive development in the field of cyber security is the setting up of CERT-RO (http://www. cert-ro. eu
how to use"social media",how to work Page 48 of 170 outside the office, send
and receive emails, use fax machines and all types of data structures is one of the
ï 45%of the Romanian users use the Internet at least once a week ï 52%of the Romanian users are at least fairly confident in buying online or online banking
use of the Internet and computing equipment Responsible: Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC Training Operational
web portals used in the interaction with citizens, and of related complex services used by such institutions as
email system, and even across different departments services like payroll applications, can be shared ï Improved services for citizens by reducing the time by
2. 4 SOCIAL MEDIA 2. 4. 1 Introduction Preamble We have seen how the social media environment has evolved over the past years, from a communication
channel between citizens to a business marketing tool Social media, together with the wider internet have become useful business tools in other countries
currently helping governments to be part of the conversation. They have understood that they cannot isolate themselves and that they can provide better services
Social media Definition Social media are defined as specific Web 2. 0 communication tools which enables people to interact
generate and share content using the online environment. These social platforms can be seen in several
dedicated websites where the user can read about different topics, give feedback by voting or commenting on the articles
ï Social networks: platforms that allow the user to connect and interact with other people, based
ï Blogs/Forums: platforms that are owned by people, communities or businesses of any kind which
The difference between them and a website is that blogs & forums are generally build on free platforms
websites that allow the user to publish, recommend and comment any kind of content. Bu using the â€oebookmark†function,
the user can find and bookmark sites and information of interest that can be accessed from anywhere and also,
websites where the user is given the possibility to create, upload, publish share and receive feedback on photo and video content
Social media are one of the most famous and used instruments for creating online communities, based on
at the beginning of 2014 we know that there are 293 million social media users, of which 193 million accessing social media through mobile devices4.
Otherwise said, 40%of the total European population is represented by active social network users 4 Global Web Index, Q2, 2014 (https://www. globalwebindex. net/)via wearesocial. net
Page 57 of 170 A recent study conducted by TNS Digital Life states that 42%use social media at least once a week, while
27%use social media every day, or almost every day. These percentages give us an idea of how many
people one could reach using social media There are notable differences in the geographical use of social networking and social media technologies
amongst EU Member States; the biggest users of social media are UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain
However, there is also a generational split as younger people use the Internet less outside social
networking sites in all Member States, while older people who use social networking sites are practically
Page 58 of 170 the same as the percentage of Internet users. The generational split has two main components:
15-39 and over 40. These differences have a major impact on the effective deployment and uptake of social
networking and social media by business and public sector organizations Romania†s intention is to use their good example and drive innovation further in our country, by tailoring
and implementing the good practices used so far, in this field of action. Through this field of action
Romania needs to pursue a revaluing of the current communication process of public entities in Romania
by modernizing communication channels. The context of this approach is favorable in Romania, as recent statistics (published by Quintly. com),
https://www. quintly. com/blog/2013/02/facebook-country-stats-february-2013-top-10-countries-lose-users
Social media Approach in Romania According to Global Web Index via wearesocial. org, in February, 2014 there were 7 mil. social media users
across Romania. Based on a study published by Eurostat in December 2012,73%of Romanians are using
the internet to read newspapers online. Posting messages on social media occupies with 48%the second
place in the classification of the motivation for using the internet, followed by searching for tourist
services, creation of a website and internet banking, the last reason being claimed only by 8%of users
However, the most common activities in online environment remain the sending/receiving emails and searching for information about goods and services
Public institutions in Romania (Ministries, Municipalities) need to involve the citizen, as their primary customer, in their work, their decisions, research and implementation.
Social media and e-petitions are able to increase citizen involvement into the government decisions (acts.
Currently, the Romanian public institutions have low social media representation. Most of those institutions have developed a one way type of communication, reporting information,
Strategic Lines of Development for Social media in Romania Strategic Lines of Development Lines of Actions Description
of social media Operational Structure ï Single web portal with access to all public institutions websites and public services
ï Public institutions websites with real time feedback option implemented Communication ï Smart use of social media
channels: define the user profile, engage and empower him in conversations ï Use of reverse communication
mechanisms: proactive notifications and keeping the citizen in the loop Indicators ï Number of people connected to
public institutions through social media channels ï Number of public initiatives Page 60 of 170
promoted through social media ï Number of ideas, projects validated through relevant conversations facilitated through social media
Responsible: Ministry for Information Society. All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action
Support of use of Social media for promoting governmental initiatives Promoting public debates Operational Making data available for the citizens
social media Responsible: Ministry for Information Society. All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action
social media communication Support for Open Government Partnership initiative, as social media is in alignment with the three
principles of Open Data Transparency, Participation and Collaboration Enabler Support for use of Big data in public
promoted through social media Number of ideas, projects validated through relevant conversations facilitated through social media Responsible:
Ministry for Information Society. All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action To embed social media as a mainstream channel used routinely to engage with citizens, business and
internally within the government will help the Government and public institutions to ï Enable the citizens as business partners in creating a better society by
ï Promoting the information initiatives of SME€ s related to the potential of social media for business
ï Points of access to governmental web ï Websites located on Internet ï Social media ï Operational systems available
The information provided by Big data systems does not include personal information or information restricted by mechanisms of control and confidentiality
Big data Definition Big data is the term for a collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process
governmental web ï Websites located on Internet ï Social media ï Operational systems available Operational ï Definition of the analysis
process for the data sets collected Strategic Use the Big data concepts in order to optimize, reduce costs or bring
value added services Example of fields where Big data project have proven feasible -Health (statistical analysis of cases
computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies and telephony. The benefits are translated into improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of education at all levels and in both formal and non-formal
An advanced digital society requires that most citizens can regularly access the Internet and benefit from
and 60%of people in disadvantaged groups using the Internet on a regular basis, and of reducing the percentage of population that has used never it to below 15
and the Internet in the learning process is the pupil access to these technologies. Besides the horizontal measures of improvement in the number of broadband connections
This kind of education relies mainly on OER resources and Web 2. 0 on learning and evaluation based on
Using ICT (OER and Web 2. 0) in the learning process and in the Life Long
Include Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning processes Enabler For a more flexible learning process
technologies type Web 2. 0 across all member countries. This activity requires a flexible education system
Web 2. 0 platforms are currently used for professional development as well as for enhancing training within the classroom
By using Web 2. 0 tools pupils and students can prepare both complex inter/trans-disciplinary curriculum
Social media sites can be used for documentation on innovative concepts such as"classrooms in the mirror"or distribution of the latest
Web 2. 0 applications for schools Responsible: Ministry of Education with support from Ministry for
provided by the Internet will increase student engagement. Using ICT will also allow the adaptation of
telephone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by the suppliers in a more and more increased number of medical specialties which include the dermatology, oncology, radiology, surgery
-regular phone lines, Internet Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by providers in an increasing number of specialties including
dermatology, oncology, radiology surgery, cardiology and psychiatry Improving the availability of the telemedicine equipment will
upload them on the Internet. This investment has led to an unprecedented period of technical research
the â€oebiblionet†Romania programme (including voice recognition software and other specialized Internet functions and capabilities such as email, search engines, online music, chat, and radio broadcasts.
with the goal of becoming a specially designated public library branch providing visually impaired persons with access to technology to help them reach their personal and professional goals
Just 19%of disadvantaged people in Romania are compared regular Internet users to 51%across the EU
adults to a range of ICT skills, including email, browsing the Internet, online banking and commerce, and
social media National Indicators pertaining to ICT in Culture In order to estimate the necessary ICT investment in culture,
one considered the estimations published on European union level concerning the digitalization of digital content. With respect to the situation and
on internet, and with very low preoccupation for traditional occupations †and increasing their interest in traditional practices
ICT infrastructure, easy and affordable Internet usage, generalized ability and easier access to useful information.
Ability to access ICT networks does not involve people capacities to use the Internet and ICT equipment or
9http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,contentmdk: 21948518 menupk: 64282137 pagepk: 41367 pipk:
12 http://www. worldvision. ro/downloads/allgemein/Raport bunastarea copilului din mediul rural. pdf Page 85 of 170 In what concerns individuals with disabilities in Romania, their number reached in 2012 about 690,000
Although the tendency of increase of the number of individuals using internet to search for information and
Internet usage at the regional level Strategic Promoting the system of â€oelearning together†Operational Involvement of HR services within
information, communicating by means of the social networks, etc..The electronic commerce continues to increase significantly, even in the context of the actual economic crisis.
ecommerce (Electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet
electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, social media, electronic data interchange. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is used sometimes
Online Internet penetration and purchasing still differ in the various parts of Europe, according to the
options, reliable and affordable delivery, Internet-usage and penetration, and consequently, the number of e-shoppers
Europe estimates the share of the European Internet economy at 3. 5%,a percentage that is set to double
2. Lack of information of the online services operators and lack of protection of the internet users
purchasing an item over the internet should be a flexible process, facilitated through e-commerce 4. Too numerous abuses and litigations which are difficult to be solved
Approximately 35%of internet users avoid using online commerce channels due to this factor. Also, the financial costs related to the micro-payments are considered to be
between 16-74 years has used the internet in 2012 for the acquisition of goods and services for personal use
population used the internet for the performance of online shopping, followed by a fluctuant evolution
In Bucharest, 14%of population aged between 16-74 years used the internet for online shopping in 2011
operators and internet Thus, the online services operators can benefit from important and relevant information by means of
15 Eurostat-Individuals making purchases over the internet, 2013; Eurostat-Individuals purchasing over the internet by regions
2012 Page 90 of 170 platforms such as Enterprise Network Europe, and the internet users may be protected through
access to Consumer Protection Cooperation network systems (by assuring the protection of personal data, by promoting the specialized
use of mobile and Wireless internet •Fourthly, the Commission adopts initiatives to ensure that in the European union ther are
subscription of internet connection above 100 Mbps for 50%or more of European households. These goals will only be achieved
Broadband internet connections 10. 6m connections (2012 Number of fixed telephony lines 4. 43m (2012 Subscribers to rebroadcasting services 6. 03 M (2012
According to ANCOM€ s biannual reports, the demand for broadband Internet services recorded a genuine boom starting from 2006 †with respect to both fixed and mobile technologies
%Romania also provides a broadband Internet coverage for 90%of total population, and 78%coverage for rural area
future sites for networks and elements of the electronic communications networks •The simplification of the
used the internet in 2013 to purchase personal goods and services in Romania was of only 8%,increasing
only 1%of population was using the internet for purchases, followed by a fluctuating evolution during the
internet for shopping in 2011 was of 14, %registering a significant increase opposite to the value of 7
broadband internet connections on fixed points. If in June 2010 the value of such index was of 2, 93 million
within 2 years, until June 2012, the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points
20 Eurostat-Individuals making purchases over the internet, 2013; Eurostat-Individuals purchasing over the internet by regions
2012 Page 106 of 170 Penetration rate on every 100 inhabitants 26,1%8, 8 %Broadband internet connections on fixed points(%of overall number
of connections 76,9%23,1 %>144kbps<2mbps 1, 2%0, 5 %>=2mbps<10mbps 15,4%5, 6
In 2013,45%of the population was using the Internet regularly (at least once a week), significantly below
%Internet users on a daily basis has reached in 2013 a 32%score Furthermore, a huge 42%of the population has used still never the Internet,
more than double the rate for the EU average of 20%.%With regard to disadvantaged people, the rate was 24%,30%points below the
broadband internet connections on fixed points. If in June 2010 the value of such index was of 2, 93
million, within 2 years, until June 2012, the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed
In what concerns the report between the households with access to internet and those with access to
out of 14%households with access to internet only 5%had broadband connection, in 2013,56%of
Access to Internet in Romania 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Inhabitants with access to internet(%)38%42%47%54%58
%Access to internet from home(%)28%31%36%N/A 46 %Access to internet from workplace(%)10%11%12%N/A 14
%Access to internet from institutions of education(%)6%6%7%N/A 7 %Access to internet from other places(%)3%2%3%N/A 3
%Source: Eurostat, 201321 Socio-demographic profile of internet users in Romania ï In 2013, just over half of the Romanian households (52.9%)have Internet access at home, the
majority (73.2%)located in the urban area ï In 2013, the Internet connection was most widespread among households located in the region
Bucharest-Ilfov (72.5%of households had followed Internet access at home by the regions West and North West (58.3%and 56.9%),Southeast (51.2%)and Central (49.5%).
%)The lowest share of households with Internet connection is in the North East (45.7%)and South Muntenia (47.2
%ï The main segments of Internet users opposite to their occupational status are those of skilled/unskilled workers (20%),pupils/students (19%)and engineers, physicians, architects
professors and economists (15%.%The proportions are almost identical in case of users using fixed connections, whereas the Internet users using mobile connections come significantly as well from
the category of contractors, free-lancers, managers or administrators (13 %ï Most of internet users come,
without significant differences between those using fixed or mobile connections, from the households formed of 3-4 individuals (59%),with a higher share of those
with three members Mobile broadband penetration has increased but it is still at insufficient quotas and fixed high-speed
Internet remains still a privilege of big cities. In 2012, third generation mobile broadband (HSPA) was
In 2013,5%of citizens in Romania made use of the internet for egovernment services. Out of these, 2%of
On the level of enterprises, 63%of Romanian enterprises are using the Internet up to the 3rd degree of
Household coverage with access to internet %Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 UE-27 66 70 73 76
ï Use of the social media for communication improvement both within governmental institutions as well as for support of activities developed by the private sector†s representatives
Increase in the internet use within the rural environment The computerisation of the pre-academic system, by
The development of the infrastructure for internet access in Romania The utilisation of the OER and Web 2. 0 technologies for
educational purposes, providing flexibility to the educational process The intensification of the transnational collaboration between universities
ï Development of flexible OER and WEB 2. 0 technologies and their utilisation for educational
internet utilisation among all groups of inhabitants and among all the regions of the country The opportunities which were identified at the ICT level in education will be used partly to propose a
ï Preparation and promotion of the OER and Web 2. 0 instruments†usage for continuous training
ï Improvement of the level of informing the online service operators and of the internet users ï Support for development and implementation of online payment and delivery systems in order to
older population result in low penetration of Internet connections even in grey and/or black areas;
Romanian Association for Telecom Operators Association for Technology and Internet EOS Foundation Romania First Workshop
-Fast access †internet broadband -Presenting the socioeconomic study for the Digital Agenda Romania -Debate & Conclusions
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms %related public services Life Events brought on 4th level of online sophistication (from the 36 Life
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms %of citizens/businesses using the online services pertaining to Life Events to obtain information
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms %of staff costs related to IT services from an overall budget for each entity direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect
social media direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect #of companies supported related to
communication by social media direct indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect Page 167 of 170
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms #of data sets and reports available for public use direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct
%individuals using the internet regularly direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect
those disfavored using the internet direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct indirect
Web 2. 0 in education direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct indirect
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms #of localities and medical centers benefiting from telemedicine services direct direct direct direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect direct direct
%individuals using the internet regularly direct direct direct direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect indirect indirect
those disfavored using the internet direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect direct direct
used the internet direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct indirect direct direct direct direct Page 169 of 170
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms %of pupils trained with TIC skill. indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct
Web 2. 0 in education direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct indirect
%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services from other countries members of the UE
%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services direct indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect
internet usage overall Population that has never used the internet Citizens using egovernme nt Returning
completed forms %of individuals who have developed competencies, certifications by means of ICT communities developed through the
#of broadband internet connections direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct
internet broadband (at least 30mbps indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011