Most ICT solutions use internet-based technologies to rethink, redesign, and rework how businesses and
include computer and web technologies, as well as the organisational and managerial competences and leadership necessary for the changes in working methods and job roles.
through open access internet-oriented software languages. Core diï culties in setting these standards concern the low deï nition level of contents (deliverables), failure to determine the objectives and
and exchanging patient data, with concomitant distrust for oï €-site data storage and access control
Email: rrodrigues@ehealthstrategies. com Website: www. ehealthstrategies. com Speeding up adoption depends on the presence of factors such as incentives
competition, return on investment and regulation
NEMO 21st Annual Conference Documentation Bucharest, Romania, November 2013 Museums in the Digital Age Museums and the Development
Internet portal Europeana, which provides digital access to cultural content from heritage institutions all over Europe, and highlights its
While the Internet's democratic potential has created corresponding demands and great opportunities, heritage organisations have
The Internet's promise of providing fundamental access to and distribution of European culture to within reach of its citizens
commercial enterprises such as Google. At the same time, new collaborative and civil society based projects such as Wikipedia have also
emerged, whose dynamics remain unparalleled even by commercial actors Museums in the Digital Age Introduction:
In today's world, the Internet's relevance for our shared cultural heritage depends upon its open
different actors are Wikipedia, Google and Europeana. While on the one hand these actors are competitors and hold suspicions of one
digitisation or the new Internet possibilities of access, negotiation, dissemination and knowledge-networking that emerged from it
far is Wikipedia. For a long time Wikipedia was viewed critically and even ridiculed, however now, Wikipedia enjoys a considerable rep
-utation and has established itself in the field of encyclopaedias Other companies have also, with immense
courage and high investment, started to digitise and make more information accessible online. The Google books Project, the most
famous example of mass digitisation, is by no means the only one. While Google's projects
were, and still remain controversial and contested, they have been very successful and many museums are currently cooperating with
them, for example within the Google Art Project. Google is a dominant commercial player in the field,
but there are many others -competition is just a mouse click away Although clearly museums have so far not been
times of Ebay and countless other e-commerce enterprises where a buyer can be found for
web services, personal data standards and metadata exchange interfaces. Data modelling and collection in the digital age is a far greater
their holdings available through the Internet 11 Although, again, this rests on the condition of
age, Wikipedia, Google and the countless others. These new players have opportunities and capacities in the digital age that museums
State Library and Google entered into a very beneficial partnership, but as they did not
and the Internet can help make it accessible to everyone. What museums do with public funds
The Internet has been a part of daily life in the developed world for more than two decades.
lifelong learning, social media and augmented reality applications. In addition, museums are working tirelessly to adjust their capacities and
networks and devices, and social networks Indicatively, the laws affecting a modern museum throughout its activity are
even when a museum's web portal provides access to content online •Privacy law-is threatened by the reuse of
transactions made on the Internet. The commercial exploitation of a museum's digital content is regulated also
Internet user and focusing especially on the use of digital objects in global networks will be necessary 'IT IS ABSOLUTELY NATURAL THAT A LAW COULD
dominated by private companies, like Google or Wikipedia. Through Europeana, the EU has established a platform that will not only
democratise information and bring Europe's collections into the homes of its citizens, but one that will also generate revenue through the
Museums today must accept the Web 2. 0 assertion that if you do not have an Internet
presence, you do not exist at all. For museums this entails digitisation in every function. It not
via the Internet Currently, in the third stage, the primary focus is upon creating a network where museums share
Internet services are not just a possibility, but a necessity 29 COPYRIGHT QUESTIONS FOR MUSEUMS
Internet accessibility does not come without copyright problems, which arise not from the mere existence of copyright laws, but rather
button was included that allows website visitors the ability to email any additional information they have directly to the museum.
Since 2008 33 the museum has received a considerable amount of feedback from academic researchers, collectors and family descendants
Internet and in portals has yielded a significant increase of requests from the public. Without additional staff and technical equipment
impact of social networks on museums 'identities Although the concept of a European culture is harder to define,
social networks on the museum identity and actions within the community Through content sharing, such as through
As the Internet is used as a primary information source and is seen as authoritative, which was not always the case
in meaning, from the idea of the Internet as a showcase for attracting visitors, to the Internet
as a fully digital and fully'connected'vision of the museum's presence; today the museum on
the Internet is a comprehensive and articulated digital entity sometimes exhibiting its own autonomous life.
raised and the effects of the social media communication campaign. Every week the list of donors was updated, donations from
were checked and the counter on the website was updated. Progress was monitored constantly so that further actions could be
A good Internet search engine informs us better. Life itself is the great instructor, and each individual has his or her
coordinates several projects concerning cultural heritage at the Internet and Society Collaboratory He moderated an expert group
Charlotte Sexton is the President of the Museum Computer network (MCN), responsible for the organisation's administration and strategic direction.
and Marco Annunziata. â€oeindustrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines. †November 2012. http://files. gereports. com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ge-industrial-internet-vision-paper. pdf
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group â€oeinnovation in SMES€: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017
11 http://fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jeune entreprise innovante 12 http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/pre-commercial-procurement
Index Terms†Blended learning, social media, smart phones informal education, obsolete education I. INTRODUCTION IBM predicts that in the next couple of years, information
technology and social media is fundamentally reshaping our living and learning. The segment of society that usually first
web than ever before. Consequently, we are finding that students are learning much more in these informal
cell phones, ipads, and social media. The average 8-to 10-year-old devotes approximately 8 hours a day to a variety
have access to the Internet (84%),usually high-speed, and 1/3 have access in their own bedroom.
spent in social networking, playing games, or viewing videos New digital technology has made a huge impact on the life of
access social media sites from cell phones. 4 They are also avid multitaskers, often using several technologies
technologies and social media allow students to learn from each other in informal settings anywhere and anytime
go online, social networking sites, a video game, etc. you can be interacting with thousands of people (many of
is the nature of the Internet where Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica stand next to each other as if they
Youtube is equally accessible as watching the educational videos on science, and it is not hard to guess which ones get
Internet and cyberspace did not exist It is easy to expect people to be more creative but the
main obstacle to incorporating more digital and social media tools into classrooms. Advocates of social media in the
classroom claim that social media tools can ignite students 'curiosity and ingenuity, exposed them to content experts and
real-world examples of classroom lessons, help them become civically engaged, and allow them to collaborate with peers
Digital and social media tools can also support students to develop technological skills; to be creative;
Pew Internet and American Life Project. Online Available http://www. pewinternet. org//media/Files/Reports/2012/PIP TEENS S
Pew Internet and American Life Project. Online Available: http://www. pewinternet. org//media//Files/Reports/2010/P
http://strategicplanning. fairfield. edu/sites/default/files/innovative uni versity 140516. pdf International Journal of Social science and Humanity, Vol. 5, No.
university website, mission and identity, faculty senate with many subcommittees, various faculty and administrative search committees, etc
-copyright material available through the site -the need to actively promote voluntary agreements 6 on the large scale digitisation and
cultural institutions to bring all relevant digitised cultural material into the site •ensure long-term digital preservation
To be selected, ideas must receive at least 10,000 votes on the crowdsourcing site. Once the project has received its 10,000 supporters,
mission control centre for social media demonstrates the potential of social business, putting social media literally at the centre of the way the company approaches marketing
Gatorade created the Gatorade Mission Control Centre-a room that sits in the middle of the marketing department of its headquarters in Chicago
Tweets, Facebook activities and blog postings that mention the brand, its endorsers, competitors and broader sports nutrition topics are tracked in real time
in early (web page exits. It is likely that these social activities contributed to the 10%growth in
in the same report, Mckinsey states that more than 75%of the value add created by the internet
Internet Matters. Essays in Digital Transformation 14 Objectives Practically, five objectives have been set which need to be reached.
connection to internet (i e. business function †infrastructureâ€), whilst input, processing and output functions are impacted less by digital technologies.
Commission Staff Working Document'Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU'24 proposes an action with regard to venture capital
Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU Lack of information and financial knowledge is for some SMES and entrepreneurs a barrier to
15%of pop. having never used the internet 75%of pop. using internet regularly 60%of disadvantages people using internet regularly
50%of pop. buying online 20%of pop. buying online cross-border 33%of SMES selling online
Roaming at national prices 100%increase in ICT R&d public spending 50%of households taking up broadband subscriptions>100
ï§Launch specific actions for web entrepreneurs ï§Strengthen competences and skills Adopted in June 2008,
investments and internet connectivity, e-business policies have matured towards personalised e -business coaching, and more recently towards a more holistic, sector oriented, policy approach
into apps, websites or other products ï§Leverage success stories to increase awareness and encourage more people to use
to close knowledge gaps (e g. accounting, web development, coding Description ï§Leverage the European eâ Competence Framework to identify which e-leadership skills
web development, finance Owner: â'European commission â'Member States â'Private partners In their search for knowledge and ready-to-use materials, entrepreneurs are looking for easily
and support-web portal as single point of information on existing financial instruments for entrepreneurs ï§Actively promote these financial instruments through
central website linking to the national Points of Single Contact ï§Leverage the Service Directive to extend the scope of PSCS to other sectors (currently
All PSCS are part of the European EUGO network, a central website to access all PSCS in Europe.
-online courses to close knowledge gaps (e g. accounting, web development, coding Pillar 4 Ease the access to
Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU -European commission (2012. A Stronger European Industry for Growth and Economic
Social media to Drive Market Growth -Tesco PLC (2012. Tesco Homeplus expands number of virtual stores.
%Museums and preservation of historical sites and buildings 0. 0%0. 3%0. 4%0. 4%0. 7%0. 6%0. 1%0
including data points regarding the use of computer networks as well as electronic transmissions suitable for automatic order processing
use of computer networks as well as electronic transmission of data suitable for automatic sales processing 4. Infrastructure:
presence and use of computers and computer networks (wired and wireless) as well as the presence and type of connection to the Internet
The overall index has been constructed by aggregating the results of the data collected for each factor within each industry
online site was created to manage communications and provide a digital forum for the organisations to communicate at any time
enhanced through the Internet and related technologiesâ€. the term characterizes not only a technical development, but also a state-of-mind, a way of thinking, an
You can print off a copy of the feedback form from our website and post it to us at
to the control sites and mortality by almost a half (41 The use of standards delivers key benefits in a number of areas.
â http://www. etsi. org/Website/Aboutetsi/Introduction/history. aspx Developing National ehealth Interoperability Standards for Ireland:
Journal Medical Internet Research. 2001; Accessed on: 19 May 2011 2) Australian National E-Health and Information Principal Committee.
http://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/content/604cf066be4 8789dca25751d000c15c7/$file/National%20ehealth%20strategy%20final. pdf. Accessed on
http://www. cms. gov/Quarterlyproviderupdates/downloads/cms0011f. pdf. Accessed on: 24 November 2011 4) Health Service Executive.
http://www. ithealthboard. health. nz/sites/all/files/National%20health%20it%20plan%20v11 1. pdf. Accessed on:
http://www. ehr-impact. eu/downloads/documents/EHRI FINAL REPORT 2009. pdf. Accessed on 12 march 2011 33) Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA.
http://www. google. ie/#hl=en&biw=1020&bih=539&sa=X&ei=kwamtfqh F9 -qhafzisizcw&ved=0cbqqvwuoaq&q=An+E
3. Cooperation on Internet management processes (Internet governance...35 4. Developing †international network lawâ€oe and the protection of human rights...
Internet as an open, safe and free space that protects diver -sity of opinion and the exchange of ideas, and enables all
The Internet and digitisa -tion add new dimensions to the transfer of knowledge Networked research is making the process of discovery
A powerful, open Internet opens up widespread access to the digital world. Expertise in media and technology is a prerequisite for users†control
enterprises must be able to access the Internet via fixed and mobile networks. In addition, more powerful networks are
Internet services The digital transformation has become a central challenge for industry, science, society and policymakers.
However, the Internet does more than merely drive growth and innovation. It also facilitates participation in societal
half of all Internet users do not feel that their data is safe online, we have good cause
mechanisms is necessary to ensuring Internet safety. Com -panies must also bear a large degree of responsibility in this
for all Internet users. For our part, we will make citizens aware of existing security risks and support companies in
services that enable safe use of the Internet. Nevertheless, it is the common duty of industry, science and policymakers
on the Internet and play a role in shaping the Internet Companies do this by driving innovative technologies and
huge opportunities presented by the Internet and digitisa -tion, in particular the new forms of communication and
the Internet, we will strive to create greater transparency and promote new digital services. We will work with our
-sentatives of the Internet community on a long-term basis to implement and further develop the Digital Agenda
-ture delivering download speeds of at least 50 Mb per sec -ond by 2018. This will simultaneously lay the foundation
-cesses, which are being influenced by mobile Internet use and by cloud and social media applications, are being used
for new business models. These changes are having a mas -sive impact at the very heart of our economy.
wish to preserve the free and open Internet in its current form and safeguard its role as a space for diversity of opin
improvement of the best-effort Internet. We will provide a legal framework enshrining the aim of network neutrality
-nant Internet corporations. We are working towards the strict application of national and European antitrust rules
Expert studies are investigating Internet -specific antitrust issues. In addition, any editorial content of public interest should be especially easy to retrieve
Meanwhile, we will improve Internet data protection and consumer information in relation to online companies Informational self-determination and data autonomy for
Internet enterprises based outside the EU (marketplace principle We want to adapt the legal framework for protecting intel
-net service providers and Internet users. In parallel, we will see to it that service providers whose business models are
zz We are continuing the â€oean Internet for children†(Ein Netz fã r Kinder) initiative,
contracted on the Internet can be targeted better towards helping parents reconcile family and working life on a partnership basis and how, in this process, new
of what the Internet has to offer zz The flexibility of digital environments also offers huge
With the Internet becoming ever more important in our daily lives, the focus of civic work and engagement is
Internet and other new media We plan to implement a pilot project under the heading of â€oedigital Voluntary Social service Year†(FSJ-digital.
the media and the cultural sectors, the Internet not only offers an almost inexhaustible source of inspiration but
-nomic and participatory aspects of the Internet and digi -tisation. The focus is on harnessing
Digital technologies and distribution via the Internet have revolutionised and democratised the creation of and access
security on the Internet. Consumers will not trust online shops, email services and social networks unless their data
is secure and not misused. Companies will not trust new business models unless they can be sure that the hardware
communication on the Internet. We are creating the conditions to ensure that every individual is in a position
Internet providers must also take responsibility for ensuring that users can operate securely online. We are
types of data processing such as big data, profiling, web tracking or cloud computing to protect privacy 32 VI.
the establishment of an Internet arbitration board zz In order to identify shortcomings in digital products and services at an early stage, we are setting up a market
-ties on the Internet zz We will clarify the future status and role of the Data
the processing of all Internet activities relating to these incidents under one roof zz We will adapt the criminal law to the digital age and in
global Internet as a space for diversity of opinion, partici -pation, innovation and as an engine for economic growth
Internet resources) are decided at a global level. Germany will participate even more actively than before at interna
the protection of intellectual property on the Internet IT SECURITY and research funding involve not just German
-pion (an Internet ambassador for Germany) to the Euro -pean Commission, we can present established national
-ject of the Internet, among other issues, within the Interna -tional Telecommunication Union (ITU) and debate them
3. Cooperation on Internet management pro -cesses (Internet governance We participate actively in discussions on the follow-up
process to the two world summits on the information society (WSIS+10) including the Internet Governance
Forum (IGF) and its preparatory meeting (Eurodig, IGF -Deutschland). ) Our aim is to ensure the participation of
auspices of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) on the reorganisation of control
over the assignment and coordination of critical Internet resources (domain name systems, IP ADDRESSES. At the same time, we are committed to the recognition of public
our positions on issues relating to Internet governance with German stakeholders We also support the development of the Sao Paolo Process
for creating universal Internet principles. We will coordinate our positions on issues relating to Internet governance at
European level 4. Developing †international network lawâ€oe and the protection of human rights We want to establish clarity about the applicable †interna
zz We are continuing the †Internet and human rights round tableâ€oe with the involvement of civil society and
3. Cooperation on Internet management 4. Developing †international network l 5. Digitisation in development cooperat
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Email: eurregion@itu. int Tel.:++41 22 730 5111 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
and internet applications that are powering these changes. The needs span a wide range of skills, from
5. 3 Web literacy...32 5. 4 Complementary skills...34 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
7. 4. 3 Social media...53 7. 4. 4 Mobile phones †learning on the go...53 7. 5 Certification...
social media, and the game industry For today†s youth this signals an opportunity, if the right steps are taken.
app development, that are a direct result of advances in ICTS and global internet diffusion.
likely to lack the life skills required for formal employment as well as the social networks needed to obtain
Website: www. ckw. applab. org 63 Gary Gereffi et al.""Skills for Upgrading: Workforce Development and Global Value Chains in Developing Countries
Electrical and internet infrastructure is sometimes lacking, explaining why some programmes prefer mobile phones over computers.
Website: www. smsforlife. com 3. 3 Offshore services Over the past two decades the offshore services industry has turned into one of the most dynamic
youth around the world browse web-based job listings to find work. Those with limited access to the
internet carry out their job searches at public venues †telecentres, libraries, cybercafes †and many are
websites for people with disabilities The fields of ICT repair, maintenance, and sales are explored also as they continue to be a source of
While it may be skilled common for, educated workers to use existing web-based job-matching services to
many workers may not have access to job postings on the internet and may lack the
social networks to find out about work opportunities. Searching for informal sector jobs often occurs through word-of-mouth,
means, and men largely dominate internet cafes Website: www. souktel. org 4. 2 Microwork and crowdsourcing
As discussed in chapter 3, offshore services have turned into one of the most dynamic sectors employing
85 â€oecrowdsourcing, †Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Crowdsourcing, accessed on December 3, 2012. See also
comprehensive list of businesses, sites, and forums that use crowdsourcing. 86 Crowdflower Crowdflower is one of the largest crowdsourcing platforms,
product categorization and labelling for major online retail and auction sites like Amazon ebay, and Taoboa, to customer database management, to content creation.
Human labelling of products and search results is time consuming, but the demand for it occurs in peaks and
Website: http://crowdflower. com 86 Anjali Ramachandran, â€oecrowdsourcing Examples, †http://crowdsourcingexamples. pbworks. com and
http://crowdsourcingexamples. pbworks. com/w/page/16668424/Individual businesses%2c sites or forums that channel
can be completed via the internet or mobile devices. Microwork is considered the smallest †the most granular †unit of work in a virtual assembly line. 88 It also requires the lowest level of skills
workers across geographic boundaries, using the internet or mobile phones. Workers are paid small amounts of money for completing each task.
products on an e-commerce site Referred to as a kind of digital blue-collar work, microwork requires little training, and many
millions of underprivileged people equipped with internet-connected mobile phones. The motto of the m2work challenge is:
88 â€oemicrowork, †Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Microwork, accessed on December 3, 2012 89 World bank, â€oenew Frontiers and Opportunities in Work.
www. rockefellerfoundation. org/blog/job creation-through-building-field Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
Samasource secures contracts with companies including Google, Intuit, and CISCO; it has provided services to Linkedin and the U s. State department,
to provide data entry, digitization, content moderation, and other services. Component tasks (â€oemicrowork†are distributed to the workforce,
Website: www. samasource. org 4. 3 Apps development There is speculation regarding how the growing trend of apps development will generate new
and social media, and the applications-â€oeappsâ€-that run on them, is one of the biggest economic and
www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising /94 Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012:
www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-app-economy /Digital opportunities:
•Large companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and RIM, who develop and maintain mobile app ecosystems/platforms
the internet, mobile apps that improve people†s health, finances, and livelihoods hold great promise
technical skills who can develop accessible software, websites, and other ICTS. Currently, however, there is a vast shortage of people with these skills.
Website: atedec. wordpress. com 4. 7 Green jobs There is increasing consensus in the development community that the global environmental crisis is an
applications from web portals, text messages (SMS), mobile phone based monitoring systems, community mapping and social media tools are offering new ways that young people can play a role in â€oesmartâ€
energy-efficient economic growth, and environmental protection 5 ICT employability skills What skills are required to take advantage of the opportunities described in this report?
The popularization of Web 2. 0, social media, mobile apps, and other ICT advancements have changed dramatically the playing field.
and web literacy, among others. New curricula and training programs have emerged to cover the broader set of skills contained within these new frameworks
Next, the concept of web literacy is explored, exemplifying new thinking around 113 Youthpolicy. org, www. youthpolicy. org/blog/category/rio-2012
/114 Michael Davidson and Kyle Gracey. â€oegreen Jobs for Youth, †2011 http://switchboard. nrdc. org/blogs/mdavidson/Youthgreenjobs%20-%20gracey,%20davidson. pdf
115 UN Focal point on Youth, â€oewhat Are the Up-and-coming Areas for Youth employment in Your Country?
Youth Report Website, last modified on December 29, 2011 www. unworldyouthreport. org/index. php? option=com k2&view=item&layout=item&id=23&itemid=128
•using email and web browser •installing software and hardware Advanced computer skills (sample •programming
web-based collaborative services (e g. track changes, comments on a document or resource, tags, contribution to wikis, etc
Can use social media for different collaborative purposes Attitude examples Is willing to share and collaborate with others
5. 3 Web literacy While digital literacy may be established the most concept, other efforts have emerged also that reflect
differing philosophies of how the internet should be maintained, as well as different skillsets. The concept of web literacies is worth discussing in this context.
Advanced by the Mozilla Foundation in collaboration with global experts, web literacies refers to â€oenot only being able to read the web
but also having the ability to †write†it. Writing the web †creating pages, documents and multimedia assets †means
understanding the building blocks of the web. As Mitchell Baker (Chairperson of Mozilla) says, we want to
move beyond †elegant consumption†towards creating a generation of Webmakers. We†re not talking
and make things with and on the web. †122 122 Doug Belshaw,"Working towards a framework to understand the skills,
Web skills/Competencies/Literacies grid EXPLORING CREATING CONNECTING PROTECTING BEGINNER Browser basics e g. URLS copy/paste
Web mechanics e g. view source hyperlinks Web design basics e g. affordances of the web, designing
for audiences Sharing e g. social networks embedding Rights online e g. copyright, open licensing INTERMEDIATE Browser skills
e g. cookie management, add -ons Javascript basics e g. programming basics, javascript syntax Contributing to web
communities e g. distributed working, collaborative curation Identity e g. personal information curation tracking management Credibility e g. trustworthiness
of websites evaluating information Advanced web design e g. responsive design, accessibility Storytelling e g. multimedia augmentation
Security & encryption e g. data protection basic encryption Remixing e g. mashups hackable games Infrastructure e g. hosting
domains Open practices e g. open standards open source Legalese on the web e g. privacy policies terms of service
agreements Source: Mozilla Foundation123 123 Ibid Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 34 5. 4 Complementary skills
Household tech names such as Google, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia and Vodafone all have a presence there,
128 David Rowan, â€oewant to become an Internet billionaire? Move to Africa, †(wired. com. uk, November 4, 2011
Your app, website or other idea may be great, but if you don†t understand marketing,
A recap of last week†s event, †I-Hub Blog, October 23, 2012 www. ihub. co. ke/blog/2012/10/silicon-savannah-hype-or-reality-a-recap-of-last-weeks-event
/Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 38 Important skills for digital entrepreneurs In addition, digital entrepreneurs also require skills in a variety of areas related to business
•email (and managing mailing lists •presentations •virtual collaboration Research •ability to find
•social media skills: blogging, social media management •basic understanding of search engine optimization (SEO) 135 Technology management
•picking the right management information system (MIS •ability to assess rapidly changing technology tools
visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results pages of internet search engines such
as Google, Firefox, Yahoo and other search engines. SEO helps to ensure that a site is accessible to a search engine and
improves the chances that the site will be found by the search engine 136 Jonathan Kalan, â€oewhy Jordan Looks More Like Kenya than Silicon valley, †(wamda. com, November 21, 2012
www. wamda. com/2012/11/why-jordan-looks-more-like-kenya-than-silicon-valley Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
brief profile and a specific mentoring request on their website. The request is listed then in the
The website has more than 3 500 entrepreneurs and 2 600 business mentors enrolled, and it has made more than 2 250 matches.
also sign up on the website. Micromentor reports that participating businesses had a 75 per cent increase in median annual business sales and an 87 per cent survival rate year over year
Website: www. micromentor. org Social networks are important sources of community support and can provide access to capital, skills
distribution channels, and qualified peers to start new business activities. â€oeinformal social networks consisting of acquaintances, investors as well as other mobile entrepreneurs,
or peers, serve three distinct purposes in the development of new ventures†discovering opportunities, securing new resources, and
internet, to support an entrepreneur†s business. Crowdfunding platforms have become a popular way for
Website: www. vc4africa. biz Contests are another popular way to compete for funding. Every year witnesses more and more contests
Website: world2013. itu. int/event/innovation Venture funds are also being established by many organizations to fund startups.
Website: www. oasis500. com 142 Devin Thorpe, â€oewhy Crowdfunding Will Explode In 2013, †Forbes, October 15, 2012
www. forbes. com/sites/devinthorpe/2012/10/15/get-ready-here-it-comes-crowdfunding-will-explode-in-2013
Website: www. iyfnet. org/build-your-business 6. 5 Mobile resources An increasing number of mobile phone resources are enabling entrepreneurs to access capital, process
accessing the internet, but also for making financial transactions, establishing a client database, or coordinating justin-time supply-chain deliveries.
it using the company†s 20 000 distribution sites. Users can deposit money, make withdrawals, or transfer
and sell over the internet, bringing with it more efficient markets 8villages is a mobile platform that links Indonesian farmers to their communities of peers and
Website: www. 8villages. com /6. 6 Comprehensive programmes Many organizations and initiatives provide a suite of services,
Website: www. microsoft. com/about/corporatecitizenship/en-us/youthspark/youthsparkhub /7 Getting there †becoming ICT-savvy
d. Internet resources can bypass peer review, changing the traditional publication and distribution processes E learning can occur out of sequence as a result of intentional and serendipitous interactions on
encompasses flipped classroom, mix-mode, hybrid, technology-mediated instruction, and web-enhanced instruction. In flipped classrooms, 149 for instance, technologies are integrated intricately in the teaching
internet The story of Kelvin Doe Kelvin Doe is a young teenager from Sierra leone whose self-taught technical wizardry and
web 2. 0 tools and applications such as prezi (prezi. com), slideshare (slideshare. net), youtube youtube. com), facebook (facebook. com), evernote (evernote. com),
and dropbox (dropbox. com), to name a few †which are readily available through tablets, mobile phones, and personal computers
Website: www. avu. org One appeal of the blended model for youth and lifelong learners is the flexibility it offers to combine
With ICTS and the vast amount of free content available on the internet, the student (young and old) can
Website: www. coursera. org /152 Anya Kemenetz, â€oeonline courses are taking off: But there†s a major downside, †(Slate. com, November 2013
the internet. Other examples of initiatives assisting self-directed learning include: Moodle157, Udacity158 Edx159, Second Life160, among others
In the education sector, students enrolled in MOOCS are found to collaborate through social media and
ICTS and social media have brought down the barriers to collaboration and openness. 162 With these barriers removed, the possibilities for collaborative
/162 Clay Shirky, â€oethe Political Power of Social media, †Foreign affairs 90, no. 1 (2011: 28†41
163 Nilofer Merchant, â€oelet Your Ideas Go,"(Harvard Business Review, Blogs. Hbr. org, June 26, 2012
http://blogs. hbr. org/cs/2012/06/let your ideas go. html Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
Website: info. p2pu. org 7. 2 Partnerships for learning and jobs As noted in chapters 3 and 4,
Google summer of code, launched in 2005, is a global programme that has granted over 6 000 stipends to post-secondary developers for writing code for open source software
Website: code. google. com/soc 7. 3 Learning and innovation places The classic notion of the learning place is associated with organized institutions such as schools
universities, and vocational training centres. With the advance of new learning models described above youth are taking learning to places like technology hubs, co-working spaces,
the emergence and wide adoption of web 2. 0 technologies would give rise to social networking collaborative content creation and democratized innovation. 165 The technological changes seen in the
widespread impact of social networking and new locales for learning 7. 3. 1 Co-working spaces and technology hubs
mentorship, internet connectivity and the possibility of venture funding through connections with the international venture capital community.
a focus on young entrepreneurs, web and mobile phone programmers, designers and researchers. The ihub is part open community workspace (co-working), part nexus for
Website: www. ihub. co. ke 7. 3. 2 Hacker/maker spaces Another type of space is the hackerspace, or makerspace.
cutters, CNC (computer numerical control) routers and CNC milling machines are often part of the equipment mix as well.
games to repositories to open courseware to social media, the internet offers multiple possibilities to acquire information and share knowledge
Over a thousand users visit the site daily to access hundreds of titles in the repository free to download and distribute
Website: www. etnassoft. com 7. 4. 2 Games It is estimated that young people spend an average of two hours a day playing video and/or online games
Website: www. minecraftedu. com /167 Manuel Castells and Gustavo Cardoso, The Network Society,(WASHINGTON DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic
7. 4. 3 Social media Social media are used extensively for learning as well. Some of the major sites (e g.
Facebook and Twitter became known as platforms for the exchange of personal stories and leisure activities, but more and
more people are using these for educational and professional purposes as well. Social networks, blogs podcasts, video sharing (Youtube, Vimeo), photo sharing (Flickr, Picasa), social bookmarks (Evernote
del icio us), presentation sharing (Prezi, slideshare), discussion forums (Google groups), events (Meetup and thousands of other platforms are being used by individuals
and institutions of learning to enrich the learning experience. For example, people who enrol in MOOCS take advantage of both online social media
tools and applications such as Meetup to organize face-to-face study sessions at a local coffeehouse library, or someone†s house.
Education experts call this connectivism, where â€oeknowledge isn†t a set of isolated facts to be memorized.
and Google, also offer certificates. The self-directed learner can earn some of these certificates online directly.
Website: www. ecdl. org 7. 5. 1 Badges New thinking is entering the certification arena,
www. forbes. com/sites/parmyolson/2012/09/06/why-estonia-has started-teaching-its-first-graders-to-code
and support as they have shown to be fertile sites for innovation and learning Promoting these kinds of activities requires openness to uncertainty and risk.
support from Google) to develop apps for these two systems. The impetus for these efforts started at the
Beyond these sectors, the internet itself is responsible for making possible new opportunities that have generated livelihoods for millions of people
existence to global internet expansion that continues to connect more and more of the world†s population
web design, security and privacy, solving technical problems, and programming, among others. Becoming a successful entrepreneur requires business skills as well, such as operations and management, finance
Anyone with an internet connection can access open courseware, enrol in a MOOC course, or receive a badge certifying mastery of a subject
and have driven the explosive expansion of social media and other web 2. 0 applications. It is these new
community technology centres and other places that offer computer resources, internet connectivity, and space for group activity are positioned ideally to implement programmes that will provide youth with the
http://switchboard. nrdc. org/blogs/mdavidson/Youthgreenjobs%20 -%20gracey,%20davidson. pdf European commission. DIGCOMP: A framework for developing
A recap of last week†s event. †I-Hub Blog, October 23, 2012 www. ihub. co. ke/blog/2012/10/silicon-savannah-hype-or-reality-a-recap-of-last-weeks-event
/infodev.""Improving Health, Connecting People: The Role of ICT in the Health Sector in Developing
Merchant, Nilofer. â€oelet Your Ideas Go. †Harvard Business Review, HBR Blog Network, June 26, 2012
http://blogs. hbr. org/cs/2012/06/let your ideas go. html Miller, Riel, Hanne Shapiro, and Knud Erik Hilding-Hamann. â€oeschool's Over:
2011. www. rockefellerfoundation. org/blog/job creation-through-building-field Moraa, Hilda and Wangechi Mwangi. â€oethe Impact of ICT Hubs On African Entrepreneurs:
6, 2012. www. forbes. com/sites/parmyolson/2012/09/06/why-estonia-has started-teaching-its -first-graders-to-code
www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising /Partnership for 21st Century Skills."
Rowan, David. â€oewant to become an internet billionaire? Move to Africa. †wired. com. uk, November 4
Shirky, Clay. â€oethe Political Power of Social media. †Foreign affairs 90, no. 1 (2011: 28†41
www. forbes. com/sites/devinthorpe/2012/10/15/get-ready-here-it-comes-crowdfunding-will -explode-in-2013
†UN World Youth Report Website. Last modified on December 29, 2011 www. unworldyouthreport. org/index. php?
www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-app -economy /Walton, Marion,
Affordances of the web Refers to properties of a web site†s user interface that allows the easy discovery
the internet, to support an entrepreneur†s business Crowdsourcing Outsourcing of tasks or larger projects to a distributed group of people
web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser HTTP and HTTPS The Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol that forms the
Refers to the outsourcing of computer or internet related work, such as programming Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO
Web 2. 0 Websites that allow users to interact, collaborate, and create content (in contrast
to static websites Web literacy Refers to not only being able to read the web but also having the ability to †writeâ€
it (create pages, documents and multimedia assets International Telecommunication Union (ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT
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5. 3 Web literacy 5. 4 Complementary skills 6 Entrepreneurship skills and support 6. 1 Entrepreneurship skills
7. 4. 3 Social media 7. 4. 4 Mobile phones-learning on the go 7. 5 Certification 7. 5. 1 Badges
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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