Senior Director and Distinguished Fellow with Cisco†s Internet Business Solutions Group Chairman of SIX †Social Innovation exchange
Social media have brought about fast changes in how people communicate with each other, but also in how they relate to the public sphere.
innovation, using the Internet as a way to innovate more collaboratively integrating the citizen in the
trends in demography, community and social media, poverty, the environment, health and well -being, or ethical goods
%•150 million Europeans †some 30%-have used never the internet. This group is largely
People without basic digital skills and access to the Internet are barred from a multitude of information and services and thus often face difficulties in finding
the west, a gasworks site. There are 20 condominium buildings with 1700 people living there. Only a
their money together, often via the Internet, in order to support efforts initiated by other people or
FEA has developed an Internet-based electronic service and a credit assessment management system to handle microcredit.
Internet-based system was selected as one of the five best practices by the scientific committee in
community-based and deploy social networks (not just virtual ones) 51 Finland has used the ERDF to co-finance a living lab focused on health and welfare services.
Google, which allows employees to spend 20%of their time on their own projects, and IKEA which
including regeneration of brownfield sites and reduction of air pollution In thematic objective (8) promoting employment and supporting labour mobility, the possible
More information on the European union is available on the Internet (http://europa. eu Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European union, 2014
-edged in footnotes mentioning the relevant references and internet links BEPA would also like to thank Sid-Ahmed Talbi and Carmen Tresguerres for their help
http://www. oxfordmartin. ox. ac. uk/downloads/commission/Oxford martin now for the long term. pdf 4 Local employment initiatives, EQUAL, LEADER, URBAN, â€;
social networks generation, as well as the renewed necessity for Europe to develop its innovation capabilities and the mounting interest in quality of life, are boosting factors
https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=b9c3pppxk1w 12 The Solution Revolution: How business, government and social enterprises are teaming up to solve society†s
The rise of the collaborative economy †from Airbnb (the social networking service for bed and breakfast) to car sharing
internet, which is leading to new models of collaborative production and content sharing which radically change the competition and supply and demand equations of traditional
of the large number of social networks of active citizens and communities who of -ten operate under the radar?
The internet ecosystem currently faces two major and urgent problems In 2011 the Commission launched an initiative to pool a range of European funds to promote
Future Internet area. However, there is no strategic vision guiding EU research. Projects do not give rise to an
-ed search and distributed social networking. It can also include the development of new mobile platforms able to
y Embracing creative disruption from technology (the pervasive use of social media mobility, big data, cloud computing packaged in new digital government offerings
examples include Google, which allows employees to spend 20%of their time on their own projects,
•The internet divide will persist within and between countries †in terms of access to networks and the internet
http://www. britishcouncil. org/sites/britishcouncil. uk2/files/what will social enterprise look like in europe by 2020 0. pdf 55p A r T I †S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N, A n E w P A t H
beyond that to develop new internet-enabled services. At EU level it is important to de
-tive†s dedicated website. 120 They will be completed by the end of 2014 In the Single Market Act II, the Commission also committed to developing a methodology
-ergy literacy and can be compared to the rise of the internet, which has enabled users to participate strongly in a two-directional flow of information
The development and use of a web-based application, the Toolkit, designed to facilitate partner search
APOLLON159) and intend to bring together the Future Internet, the Living Labs and the †Smart Cities†communities (e g.
laboratory combining the informal character of social networks with the methodological rigour of foresights Besides the standard tools available in most social networks (e g. blogs, polls, content
subscription, update notification, messaging, creation of groupsâ€), Futurium†s participa -tory tools offer a number of special features such as knowledge harvesting tools to
of social networks and internet and also interactivity which is at the very heart of our
In January 2014, a new website on the European Company (Societas Europeae †SE) was created.
The website is available in English, French and German170. The Your Europe portal will also provide a link to the SE website.
As a result, there are also plans to create a similar website for the SCE 3. 1. 5. 2. Proposal for a European Foundation
The February 2012 proposal for a European Foundation Statute aims to make it easier for public benefit purpose entities to carry out their activities across the EU. These en
Moreover, the website features case studies of the most successful social innova -tions, profiles of leading social innovators, analyses by thought leaders, and information
Over the course of two years, the website has emerged as a valuable tool on the dis
ii) a cross-platform social media application to provide eco-feedback and engage citizens in games with a purpose;
-cial media, distributed knowledge creation and data from real environments (†Internet of Thingsâ€) in order to create new forms of social innovation.
a focus on participatory internet-based collaboration and the engagement of existing grassroots communities. Moreover, they exploit peer-behaviour reinforcements and cit
-izen web platforms to target sustainability challenges. Experiments in social innovation are expected to provide collective solutions to pressing needs (including policy needs
y demonstrating the innovative combination of network solutions (social networks sensor networks, knowledge co-creation networks
y Increasing trust in collectively-generated statistics (WEB-COSI: this is about en -gaging communities in the discussion and definition of official (e g. from the OECD
Web-COSI Web Communities for Statistics for Social Innovation aims to improve the way people engage with statistics, wheth
-er they are produced officially or generated via community-based organisations. Under the mantra †Statistics for
Everyoneâ€, Web-COSI will be exploring innovative ways to bring the production, promotion, access and engagement
Web-COSI is designed to improve people†s engagement with statistics and aims to *increase trust in collectively generated statistics
y demonstrating collaborative concepts based on the internet offering solutions to societal and sustainability challenges, making use of commons, knowledge sharing
-tifying good practices through which societal benefits can be delivered via the internet and other ICT
human rights, environmental footprinting of ICT networks, Safer Internet, Better Internet for Kids, Online Behavioural Advertising, Do Not Track, Internet of things, accessibility
Outreach to participants also happens through social media, the Europe Direct Centre, radio announcements, etc. The dialogues centred around the question What kind
debate, fuelled in social media y The economic crisis in Europe. has done the European union enough to solve the
198 The central information hub for the series of dialogues is available on the internet http://ec. europa. eu
registration and social media) are announced in the language of the Member State, while a live broadcast of
the event can be viewed on the website 125p A r T I I †M A i N d E V E L O P m E N t S i N e U P O
diseases, sustainable-innovation, internet governance, ethics†assessment, human en -hancement, and synthetic biology 204 http://ec. europa. eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/policy reviews/social innovation. pdf
impacts of the Third Sector in terms of capital building (e g. social networks, cultural values or political participation) and
the †network effect†(internet connectivity) as well as by new economic models for co-pro -duction and data sharing, the internet of things,
The conference brought together memorial sites/muse -ums and teachers, Holocaust education and Human rights Education
E-participation and use of social networks should be linked to citizens†deliberations to broaden the scope of those who can become involved, though
scale that was unimaginable before the rise of Internet-enabled collective platforms The study explores the potential in using digital technologies to enable better and more social innovation
the â€oenetwork effect†caused by the spread of the Internet and the Web throughout society
particular grassroots communities of civic innovators, web entrepreneurs, hackers, geeks, SMES open source and DIY makers,
project website: www. socialinnovator. info Dr Michael Harris, NESTA Published March 2010 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS
launched an accompanying website, www. socialinnovator. info, to gather comments, case studies and new methods We†re also very conscious of what†s not in here.
and social networking tools The other comes from culture and values: the growing emphasis on the human
These sites show how to run competitions for †mash up†ideas from citizens using government data, such as Sunlight Labs and Show Us a
UK, the website Report Empty Homes, sponsored by the Empty Homes Agency, allows citizens to report empty properties around the UK
User feedback on service quality, including web-based models such as Patient Opinion and I Want Great care that hold service
through many routes, from surveys and websites to user representation on management boards and committees
40) Web-based tools for co-design, such as the Australian site for people with disabilities and their carers, web2care
PROPOSALS AND IDEAS 31 2 32 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION 41) Creative thinking methods such as Edward De Bono†s †Six Thinking
the internet, which has enabled large numbers of people to interact and participate at a relatively low cost. 6 Over the last few decades,
helped by the ability of the internet to draw in a far wider range of people and
spawn a number of similar websites, including the Norwegian Ideas Bank (which focuses mainly on issues of environmental sustainability
Innovation, a website which enables people to make suggestions for improving their healthcare systems. These websites include a vast range
of ideas †everything from the brilliant to the downright absurd. But even when ideas are evidently excellent,
Youtube can be used as a virtual video booth 58) Suggestion boxes within organizations are the most basic method for
website, based on the principles as laid out in President Obama†s Memorandum on collaborative, participatory and transparent
The website enables citizens to take part in a discussion about the best way to effect the President†s Memorandum in three
One example in the UK is the Prime Minister†s e-Petitions website which has had nearly 10 million petitioners.
73) Webinars are a fairly simple device for organising seminars over the web. Examples include the webinars organised by the Cities of Migration
network which have linked NGOS, foundations and academics involved in social action related to diversity around the world
74) Dialogue Cafã uses state of the art video conferencing (Telepresence to link up citizens from all around the world.
hybrid cars through Google, and C40 city governments. An example of open-testing, Google†s initiative hopes to educate consumers body
Image courtesy of Google, Inc 3 54 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Finance for emerging ideas
One example is the Internet, which was developed by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
those around the web that share knowledge and intellectual property 106) Business strategies. The context for a business model is a business
of a key input such as a critical site or personnel (as in sport. Mapping a
business models adopted by web companies which, like social ventures have an interest in maintaining free access, while at the same time
structures are the site of contending pressures of goals and interests. The organisation may have a social goal of benefitting others,
considerable web-based innovation in this field, with websites providing guidance on organisational forms, and governance.
example is One Click Organisations, an ultra simple web-based tool for creating new organisations, changing constitutions, and engaging
or download systems (such as web designs and technologies) that are becoming freely available. One model is
137) Web presence. All social ventures now have to have a website. But their full potential has begun only to be explored.
Many ventures are by their nature information intensive †in respect to the quality and tangibility
blogs. It also needs high quality design to ensure usability and navigability ways of connecting each web site to others (through links and RSS feeds
as well as establishing a presence on other social networking sites like Youtube and Facebook which can act as feeders to the venture†s website
Above all, a venture needs to devote resources to the constant updating and active hosting of their sites.
A good example is the site of the co -operative football team Ebbsfleet United (My Football Club),
which has a team of six working on their website to involve the members, a model
that could be adopted by many consumer co-ops among others 138) Marketing and branding. Social ventures, particularly those that
placed its most valuable technical information on the web for open access in order to enable its ideas to be adopted more rapidly.
intermediary institutions, the web opens up the possibility of making new types of connections and raising finance from potential consumers
is an approach that was crucial in the emergence of the internet, GSM 5 88 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
spreading new ideas, for example via a website such as netsquared. org People can take part as collaborators, co-producers, consumers, activists
through a network of online communities, web related resources and peer review. Another example is Australian Social Innovation Exchange
197) Diffusion through the web. Viral marketing techniques can be used to tap into existing social networks and spread social ideas.
Swarmtribes an ongoing NESTA project, applies the principles of viral marketing to create a new kind of community engagement platform.
multidimensional needs are a key site for potential collaboration Communities of Practice are one important type of collaboration (see
Members of the Network are supported also with branding, web and technical support, policy work, media and PR, and internal/external
time and travel cost expenses that people incur to visit a site as a proxy
for their valuation of that site. Because travel and time costs increase with distance it†s possible to construct a †marginal willingness to payâ€
curve for a particular site 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 103 212) Social accounting matrices and satellite accounts are used to
The web has brought also systemic innovation to retailing and news, and has the potential (albeit not yet
This involves a wide range of issues from the use of the web to the nature of technology and the design of distributed systems which
used on networks like ebay, and more formal legal devices (like public databases). ) With the increasing mixing of voluntary and professional
245) Platform infrastructures, such as feedback sites on public services or M-PESA€ s platform for phone-based banking
http://www. kcl. ac. uk/depsta/law/research/icps/downloads/justice-reinvestment-2007. pdf 4. Ibid
It was created in 2000 on the site of the old Toronto General Hospital. Image courtesy of Mars Discovery District
meeting social needs to design web-based solutions to particular social challenges. Over one weekend, groups have to design
functioning website 136 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Innovation networks Networks can serve as alternatives to formal organisational structures within
developed a website called Mypolice †a tool for members of the public to give feedback,
Think, for example, of micro-blogging service Twitter, personal publishing platform Wordpress, citizen reporting papers such as Ohmynews
social networking sites such as Facebook, Orkut, and Bebo, or collaborative projects such as Wikipedia. It is easy to see the generative potential of
platforms: as more people get involved, the wider the scope and reach, and by extension, the greater the social impact.
This includes websites which provide user -generated information such as ehow and Netmums. Netmums provides information on a variety of local resources †including child-friendly
half a million members who use the site on a regular basis †uploading and contributing information 308) Platforms for connecting.
This includes social networking websites Facebook, Orkut, and Bebo, as well as websites which aim to connect people together in real life for particular causes.
One example of this is Landshare †which connects people who want to grow fruit and
vegetables with those who have the land on which to grow it. They also provide people with the advice
Lego have created a web platform †Designbyme 3. 0 †which enables users (mainly children) to design their own Lego sets.
system, the Mozilla Firefox browser, and the Apache web server. These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to
develop, maintain, and improve the software. Peer-to-peer platforms can be characterised by decentralisation, self-selected participation
extent to which social networks and a gift economy operate in the sphere of consumption has long been remarked on by anthropologists for example (from
public organisations †from the Internet (DARPA) to the world wide web CERN). ) But there are many structural features of government that inhibit
at every level has been the site of almost constant change †particularly in the last 30 years.
website, Budget Allocator, which offers citizens the chance to shape municipal budgets 330) Sequencing in funding.
rental value of sites after the public investment has been undertaken The Greater london Enterprise Board financed its operational
extension of the Google model where engineers are encouraged to spend 20 per cent of their time developing their own projects.
Civil society and the grant economy are the most common sites of social innovation †in campaigns, social movements, non-governmental organisations
field, the web offers new ways to cut costs and widen connections. Websites like Kiva,
which connect donors with social entrepreneurs, have already been 2 172 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
Internet donor sites dramatically reduce the cost of fundraising (estimated at between 15 per cent and 33
We can expect similar websites to develop features like donor forums, star ratings, Good Giving Guides and
Worldchanging, a series of books and a website which includes tens of thousands of stories about new tools, models and ideas for building a
translation software on its Meedan website of Arabic blogs, or Dialogue Cafã and the Social Innovation Exchange (SIX) using Telepresence
The website Your Ethical Money provides advice on how to direct personal investment into green, sustainable and ethical products
-lending website which enables individuals to lend small sums of money to entrepreneurs on low incomes
charities and social enterprises in sites in central London (see also method 487 467) R&d mentored funding prior to start-up lending, such as
and the internet. They remain critical to the social economy, both in assessing products and services on the basis of social criteria, and in
Guaranteed Electronic Market (GEM), a web-based market for people to exchange time and loans of products.
or web-based social networking around specific issues (there are reportedly 18 million cancer related websites, the great
majority generated by those affected by the disease. In these instances the innovations are generated outside the market and outside the state, many of
The spread of the internet has made possible a range of new tools to mobilise people and energies quickly and effectively.
together via the internet to achieve savings on their purchases 496) Platforms for the gifting of goods such as Freecycle,
keep discarded items out of landfill sites by gifting them. It now has over five million members in 85 countries
marks to organisations that produce information and moderate websites and forums Propertising not privatising In the social economy, rather than restricting access to knowledge and
-based social innovation that uses web technology to give voice to citizen journalists. Image courtesy of Erik MÃ ller
internet time, and even social housing rent 508) Informal currencies such as Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS
516) Neighbourhood websites and other media can become hubs for exchanges and local news. Local residents can find out about initiatives
Examples include hyper-local website Boscalicious Year 1 pupils from Collaton St mary Primary school dig up organic
One hour†s internet surfing costs 30 minutes pedalling. In 2008, campers converged on Kingsnorth power station for a week of learning, sustainable
Constructed households as sites of innovation The longstanding practice of institutionalising those with special needs or
organisation and action, further facilitated by the advent of the internet 526) Grass roots campaigns for social change.
The internet has accelerated the spread of grass roots-led social campaigns †especially those focused on lifestyle innovation and transformation.
Web based platforms for organising grass roots campaigns In the last year alone, Facebook has been used to mobilise protesters
against knife crime, the military Junta in Burma, and FARC. Oscar Morales, founder of the Facebook group One million Voices against FARC
which now has over 400,000 members) used the social networking site to organise a massive protest against the rebel forces in February
2008. Over a million people marched through the streets of Bogotã 208 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
ebay 114 Echoing Green 176 ehow 138 Elderpower 205 Eliasson, Olafur 23 Emerson, Jed 104
Facebook 75; 138; 207 Fair Trade 119; 180; 184; 186 Fairtrade Labelling Organisation (FLO 94
Google 53; 165 Gore, Al 26; 95; 96 Governance 67-68; 173-175 Grameen 34;
Mozilla Firefox 139 M-Pesa 115; 183; 184; 202 Mutualism 65 New Mutualism 65 Informal Mutualism 206-207
Philanthropic ebays 172 Plane Stupid 27; 28 Planning for Real 43 Platforms 40; 95; 117;
Web, The 21,38, 45,79, 97,108, 171 Web2care 31 Wellink 205 Welsh Water 65,183 West Philly Hybrid X-Team 170
Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work Ventures 183
Youtube 39,75 Yumshare 198 Yunus, Muhammad 34,210 Zero Carbon 22,77, 112 Zero Waste 111 Zopa 189
Plane Stupid, Americaspeaks, Dialogue Cafã, Helsinki Design Lab, Google Inc Un Techo para Chile, Riversimple, Working Rite, Danone Communities, Sekem
was unimaginable before the rise of Internet-enabled networking platforms†This report is focused mainly on the output of WP3.
diffusion of ICT, the Internet and the rise of social media, the emergence of new global innovators such as
the www. digitalsocial. eu website, which engages, builds and maps the DSI community The project†s most substantial challenge is to develop a crowdmapping facility based on open and linked data
we are adopting social network analysis to detect patterns of relations and argue that the causal success of DSI located in the social structure.
embedded in social network structures, we will be able to explain macro and meso-level patterns that show
understand the DSI community through events, workshops, social media blogs and articles. Highlights of activities include 640 organisations with 695 projects mapped on www. digitalsocial. eu;
@Digi si twitter account; 15+events and workshop on DSI including workhops at the international Fablab
Conference in Barcelona and Participation Practitioners Forum in Warsaw and more than 25 blogs and articles
for open data distributed repositories, distributed cloud, distributed search, and distributed social networking The Future of privacy, data protection, trust & ethics, emphasising the need for privacy-aware technologies
continue our social network analysis to better understand the needs and opportunities to nourish and scale DSI in Europe.
was unimaginable before the rise of Internet-enabled networking platforms†The potential in using digital technologies to enable better
process, taking advantage of the â€oenetwork effect†caused by the spread of the Internet and the Web throughout
these actors are difficult to identify using traditional means due to the tendency of the Internet to be used
diffusion of ICT, the Internet and the rise of social media, the emergence of new global innovators such as
decentralised social networking, and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness 7 However, to date it has failed to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems, and the growth
and reach of commercial Internet models and the relative weakness of alternatives. These alternatives mainly fill marginal niches
data mapping website •&ohbhjohï¿UIFÏ¿%%4*ï¿DPNNVOJUZÏ¿ï¿an overview of the engagement strategies to involve the DSI community
We have redesigned the crowdmapping website and increased the numbers involved in the DSI network. Â At
Internet or are enabled highly by new technology trends such as open networks, open hardware and open
In time, the site will be an open database of relational links between DSI organisations and projects, case studies and potential funding opportunities
We then created a new visual layout for the 36 DSI case studies that are showcased in on the website and also
we don†t have the resources to do get the developer to do a translated version of the survey on the site, we
We will then create a profile on the site for The french or Spanish organisation using
One way of doing that has been through guest blogs and articles-where we have placed a DSI related blog
on another network†s or organisation†s blog tï¿4bngvoetbhfoebï 3fbmjtjohï¿UIFÏ¿1pufoujbmï¿JOÏ¿%%JHJUBMÏ¿
4pdjbmï¿**OOPWBUJPO tï¿4pdjbmï¿**OOPWBUJPOÏ¿&vspqfï¿&6ï¿XJEF ï¿ï¿ï¿8ibuï¿IBQQFOFEÏ¿BUÏ¿UIFÏ¿%
Nesta and D-CENT website In addition to the guest blogs we have done a large number of blogs,
communicating the project on the Nesta blog and digitalsocial. eu blog. A sample of these include
tï¿%%JHJUBMÏ¿TPDJBMÏ¿JOOPWBUJPOÏ¿ï¿HSPVOEÏ¿VQÏ¿QPMJDZÏ¿NBLJOH 1. 000+readers to date tï¿)) PXÏ¿
on Nesta website) 6. 000+readers to date tï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿%%JHJUBMÏ¿4pdjbmï¿**OOPWBUPSTÏ¿UPÏ¿
web/Isuu (combined figures from www. waag. org and www. digitalsocial. eu sites 16 Social media+other Media outreach
Twitter tï¿5pï¿EBUFÏ¿XFÏ¿IBWFÏ¿EPOFÏ¿UIFÏ¿NBKPSJUZÏ¿PGÏ¿PVSÏ¿FOHBHFNFOUÏ¿XJUIÏ¿UIFÏ¿%%4*ï¿
The twitter account has proven an effective channel for both engaging new organisations and projects to join the map
Waag (8. 000+followers)  twitter accounts Your Priorities Platform •To support the further development of policy ideas for DSI following the outcome of the DSI policy
/Direct email and newsletter mentions tï¿//FXTMFUUFSÏ¿NFOUJPOTÏ¿ï¿Ã We have promoted the project and project content through the Nesta (44.000
sending out an email to offer an insight into the project†s objectives and inviting them to map their organisation at Digitalsocial
Where possible we connected also by telephone or via social media Given the focus on digital collaboration,
The DSI mapping website and the overall research was presented during a dynamic debate about policy
We demonstrated how the website worked and how organisations could be added, and went over some of the high points of the final report regarding the potential of digital social
The Chest project website (www chest-project. eu/)has a description of the DSI project along with the project logo and a link to www
Research project and website which list 100 short case studies of social innovations using digital technologies
and the redesign of the website has been successful in helping us map 500 organisations and establish the research project and the term Digital Social Innovation within the
Social media In addition to continuing our ongoing work on engaging DSI organisations via twitter we will more actively
tap in to and promote www. digitalsocial. eu in relevant Linkedin and Facebook groups working on digital
social innovation. pcoming events 8fï¿XJMMÏ¿CFÏ¿BUUFOEJOHÏ¿Bï¿OVNCFSÏ¿PGÏ¿FWFOUTÏ¿JOÏ¿UIFÏ¿DPNJOHÏ¿
NPOUITÏ ¢0qfoï¿-JWJOHÏ¿-BCTÏ¿TVNNFSÏ¿TDIPPMÏ¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿""NTUFSEBN ï¿//FUIFSMBOETÏ¿
Kroes launched the â€oeno Disconnection Strategy†11 to support decentralised infrastructures for the Internet as
development of Future Internet platforms, thereby shaping the evolution of the Internet and of social spaces
including envisioning different kinds of Internet infrastructure in the future Internet programme Considering the level of complexity that the Internet Ecosystem has reached,
and the potential significance of the interactions between Internet and societal developments, a systemic, holistic and multi-disciplinary
approach is needed. 14 Only by adopting a multidisciplinary research approach that encourages researchers from various disciplines to work together,
Future Internet developments should, therefore include technologically-led research, together with business models and socially and environmentally
as reflected in the Internet Science Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission. 15society in Future Internet development to achieve these goals is one of the main goals of this
study %ï¿$0//&$5 activities in this area can be summarised under two broad approaches, encompassing several
Partnerships16, Smart Cities17, the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Programme (FI-PPP) 18, and the
The development of the Future Internet is mainly addressed through a number of mainly technical objectives and projects,
companies is also available through the Commission†sâ Startup Europe programme for web and tech
At a time when the Internet has become so central in our societies, it is important that bottom-up approaches (based on the involvement of
One of the risks of Future Internet is that big industrial players (mainly US-based) will reinforce their dominant position by implementing platform lock in strategies,
29, Web entrepreneurs, young entrepreneurs in the field of active and healthy ageing, digital champions, innovation camps and so on.
or collaborative innovation in the Internet domain should be explored thoroughly. These platforms can gather and integrate information in order
philosophy/culture, described by Wikipedia as the creative practice of appropriation and free sharing of found
combine or turn into web-based or mobile applications that citizens may find useful. There are other local governments around the world that
and Metropolitan Rennes in France have also set up open data websites at the regional level that can be considered good practices
initiatives led by the private sector through web-based platforms. Others are taking the initiative to license tools
have become stronger by means of intensely using social media and civic digital platforms 28 4. 4 Macro analysis of communities
Tech blogs and mag -azines Decentralized Cluster governance High entry barriers (technological skills Lack of interconnection between
Use of social media platforms Lack of interconnection between citizens and between initiatives Lack of awareness
Use of social media platforms Lack of interconnection among groups Table 6 Macro level analysis of the innovation ecosystem
Github44 a web-based hosting service for software development projects that use Git, an open source version
the leader being the founder of the project, such as Linus Torvalds for Linux or Jimmy wales for Wikipedia
The case of Wikipedia, and its internal struggle between deletionists and inclusionists, has been studied widely and analysed as an example of an open-sourced
Entrepreneurs and developers also use social networks to get in touch with one another. Some of the most popular social platforms include Entrepreneur Connect48 and Startup Nation49.
They read blogs and tech magazines as well. Some of them belong to entrepreneurs themselves like Steve Blank†s50, Joel Gascoigne†s51
Wikipedia defines it as financial capital provided to early-stage, high-potential, growth start-up companies.
attend events or join social networks to interact with other individuals or they might gather around other
tech (software/Internet), biotech, clean tech, natural foods, and lifestyles of health and sustainability. Feld (2012) states that these clusters can be considered as networks for their members do not
Despite gathering around certain events and activities or participating in social networks, they usually are disconnected and, at any rate, they cluster round specific topics.
Another type of living lab is the fab lab. According to Wikipedia, a fab lab (short for fabrication laboratory) is
In this respect, social media networks play a significant role. They are a great place for developers to learn from colleagues,
Of particular interest are also those sites devoted to developers†interaction that are embedded in open
Data. gov. uk77 the open data portal of the United kingdom, has an â€oeinteract†section, with blogs
in the June 2006 of Wired magazine, it describes a web-based business model that harnesses the creative
Geological Survey†s Earthquake Program, a US multi-agency programmme, has a crowdsourcing site, â€oedid you
One of them is Goteo85), a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, microtasks,
a website where he posts articles and news. Chris Quegley is another one. He is the cofounder of Delib90
No matter the type of initiative, social media platforms play an outstanding role as a way of organizing
One final example is the use of social media platforms. The nature of government decision and policy making problems (that increasingly become â€oewicked problemsâ€) necessitate stakeholdersâ€
and the web 2. 0 social media can play an important role in this direction, and enable the application of crowdsourcing ideas in the public sector. However, the collection of a large amount
of citizen-generated content from various social media on a particular decision or policy making problem is
For example, open source software and its supporting code are generally free of cost to download, use and
According to Wikipedia, seed funding is a form of securities offering in which an investor purchases part of a business.
product, which calls for direct monetisation, via paid downloads, in-app purchases, or contract development
These same sites can also be an interesting tool in order to share examples of using/reusing open data.
Crowdsourcing sites fall into one of two categories in terms of their compensation: pay-on-task or contest
The pay-on-task sites offer a nominal level of compensation for a completed task.
Contest/prize sites pay significantly more money or offer job contracts, product prototypes and royalties
be more informal (such as movements that revolve around different social media platforms. Also, Wikipedia refers to specific initiatives/activities such as town hall meetings, opinion polls,
participatory budgeting referenda, protests or voting. More individual engagement may take the shape of e-mails to government
facilitated by specific participation platforms, wikis, social media, and blogs Legislation is another significant tool that is used by governments.
using the internet to gather instantaneous real world data from which knowledge is extracted and used to dynamically (re) shape policy actions
Your Priorities is a web app that allows people to submit new ideas, debate and discuss ideas and vote up
-tors who often rely too much on Facebook, Twitter ect. for data. It will create more space for innova
Powers of companies such as Google and Fa -cebook have a lot of control over an individual†s
Democratic and distributed social network Social network based on open source code to promote the most interesting news decided by the people,
send -ing links and voting. Based on the open source code of Meneame. net, but with a new user interface more similar
to actual social networks like Facebook or Twitter I would call it Yups. com: Yups for the positive votes and
social networking, public identity management and encrypted email service The internet ecosystem today is highly centralised
The current Internet is dominated by a handful of mainly US companies that control all the lay
-ers of the tecosystem (app store, cloud, machine learning, devices), and are imposing their rules of the game.
Europe needs to invest in future infrastructures that reflect the European values support SMES and civic innovators and deliver
the internet to remain a neutral space Keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affor -dable. Software packages that are patented can
Also the internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish
the internet, the R&d funding at CERN led to the invention of the Web) Encourage people to think
about Who could implement it (Europe -an Commission, national govern -ments, municipal etc Who will benefit?
them we†ll email their pledge back to them after six months this keeps people on their toes
DSI, there are a number of perceived future Internet threats (such as concentration of power and surveillance
A main Internet trend-threat in the current and future Internet ecosystem is recognised today: an increasing
located in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search
market, Facebook dominating the Social networking and Identity Ecosystem, whilst Apple, Amazon and Microsoft controlling the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms
personal data, turning personal data in what has been defined as the â€oeoil of the Internet economyâ€. Most users
search, and distributed social networking. It can also include the development of new mobile platforms alternative to Apple or Android) as a kind of â€oeregulated monopoly†able to ensure some basic services at
we are adopting social network analysis to detect patterns of relations and argue that the causal success of DSI located in the social structure.
studying behaviours as embedded in social network structures, we will be able to explain macro and meso
Social networks are defined formally as set of nodes (or network members) that are tied by one or more types
In the case of the DSI social network collected in this study, the nodes in a graph are
This social network analysis examines the structure and composition of DSI organisations ties in a given network and provide insights into its structural characteristics
visualization of the DSI network, embedded in our website, is interactive and aims at engaging the larger DSI
towards English speakers due the lack of translation of the website into languages outside English.
Howver, the website was not designed using standard internationalisation techniques and adding them is outside of the budget allocated
We would argue that future work after the end of the DSI project should allow the website
be the case in a graph of links to and from Wikipedia, for example. In detail, there is a clustering coefficient
media presence (500+twitter followers. In addition to the research we will work with the European Commission on developing a sustainability plan for the DSI website and community before the final event
on December 16th 2014 66 Endnotes 1. http://www. nesta. org. uk/develop-your-skills/challenge-prizes
/16. http://www. internet-science. eu /17. IUUQÏ¿ï¿ï¿FDÏ¿FVSPQBÏ¿FVÏ¿SFTFBSDIÏ¿JOOPWBUJPOÏ¿
28. http://www. internet-of-things-research. eu /29. Bria, F. 2012. http://files. openinnovation platform. eu/policydocs/open innovation 2012. pdf
independent development on it, creating a distinct piece of software (Wikipedia 47. http://www. barcelonastartupfestival. com
/58. http://eit. europa. eu/fileadmin/Content/Downloads/PDF/Stories/Innoenergy creation highway web HD. pdf 59. http://ycombinator. com
113. https://open. wien. at/site/anwendungen /114. (IUUQÏ¿ï¿ï¿XXXÏ¿ï¿UPSPOUPÏ¿DBÏ¿
/117. http://en. wikipedia. org /118. https://www. mturk. com/mturk/welcome 119. http://www. namingforce. com
see the Communia website http://bit. ly/V2knnk 134. To take an intuitive example, in a world with one 3000 foot tall giant being compared against a normal
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