innovation, †available for download from<http://www. youngfoundation. org > 2006 Tagore LLC innovations/spring 2006 145
Wikipedia and the Open university; holistic health care and hospices; microcredit and consumer cooperatives; the fair trade movement
or the Internet to strengthen local communities. Indeed the Internet is now generating a host of new business models that are set to have
enormous impact in the social field. 7 Other possibilities may derive from new organizational forms,
The web-based com -pany Innocentive, for example, offers cash rewards for innovators who have work
Wikipedia was a failure in its first outing In business, people talk of the â€oechasm†that innovations have to cross as they
Internet, innovations can spread very quickly, and indeed there can be little point in doing local pilots
because the economics of web-based pilots may make it as inexpensive to launch on a national or continental scale.
Email<editors@innovationsjournal. net >The Process of Social Innovation 5. CIDA believes itself to be the world†s only â€oefree, †open-access, holistic, higher educational facili
Andrea Vinassa writing on<http://www. workinfo. com/free/Downloads/243. htm>(accessed May 24,2006
9. See Global Ideas Bank,<http://www. globalideasbank. org/site/home/>./>The top 500 ideas that
will change the world are at http://www. globalideasbank. org/site/store/detail. php? articleid=178
/MIT Community Innovation Lab<http://web. mit. edu/cilab/>;/>ETSU Innovation Lab http://www. etsu. edu/innovationlab
send an important email You indicate you want to take the quickest most expensive route
social media give them the access to their world that would once have been associated with cars. â€
however, SMES are networked heavily in a web of business and social links with their suppliers, clients,
and information over Internet links enabling networked transactions, and the distribution of all the digital †objects†present within the infrastructure.
ICT networks, social networks, and knowledge networks. The networked connections enabled by the Internet and the World wide web grew along
the links of the preexisting and underlying social, professional, collaboration, and business networks between governments, researchers, businesses, companies, and friends.
from the single computer to the local area network (LAN) at ï rst, and eventually to the global Internet.
Networked computers motivated the development of distributed architectures and shared resources, culminating in the peer-to
social networking with a process rather than an event. This required the integration of the technological approach
Microsoft to Google. It looks at new institutional and transaction costs economics (Coase, ï oe937;
over the Internet. Crowdsourcing has been used the ï rst time by (Howe 2006 ï oeï oe) http://www. openmoney. org.
and therefore also to the Internet and its applications/services. It was remarked by Lessig when he observed that â€oethe code is the law of cyberspaceâ€
The Internet†s structure determines how the Internet is regulated. The Internet†s role in innovation, based on
â€oethe remarkable social impact and economic success of the Internet is in many ways directly attributable to the architectural
The Internet was designed with no gatekeepers over new content or services The Internet is layered based on a,
end-to-end model that allows people at each level of the network to innovate free of any central control.
the Internet has created a platform for innovation. Cerf, 2005 In a similar way, the eï €ort in developing the architectural principles upon
is fundamentally an extension and a conceptualisation of the evolution of the Internet and of the Web
The Web is engineered an space created through formally speciï ed languages and protocols Berners-Lee, 2006
In the Web, due to the pressure of user needs, we see a continuous evolution of the protocols and artiï cial languages
semantic web stack of W3c. 23 In the ecosystem metaphor this research activity can be described as the phylogenetic
The cathedral of the Semantic web is replaced by a bazaar of descriptions and formalisms. The Digital Ecosystem can support such a bazaar of fragments of knowledge at
Semantic web Stack and how to express business deï nitions for business use (to represent policies, practices and
¢perceive to exist is mostly what exists in the media or on the Internet. The information,
infrastructure and middleware, the software services and applications, all the attendant web technologies, and all the software development, requirements capture,
The software engineering approach and the Semantic web approach are based on the description of some aspect of
in most technological ï elds, is actually rather obviously the basis of the Web 2. 0 phenomenon.
Access to code allows the growth of social networks able to build and transform their business/economic environment
latest software and web technologies, with social systems and social processes, and with the construction of a shared
â€oea Framework for Web Science†Foundations and trends in Web Science, Vol. ï oe. No ï oe (2006.
ï oe-ï oe30 Bessen, J (2002. â€oeopen Source Software: Free Provision of Complex Public Goodsâ€, SSRN-id588763. http://citeseer
Cybernetica Web (Principia Cybernetica, Brussels), http://cleamcï oeï oe. vub. ac. be/SECORCYB. html last visited
Terapia Cognitiva Web, Santiago) http://www. inteco. cl/articulos/006/doc ingï oe. htm last visited ï oe/6/2007
An Introductionâ€, Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard Law school. http://cyber. law. harvard. edu/bold/devel03/modules/episodeii. html
2013) identify six types of online social networking platforms with the potential to enable social innovation.
as Wikipedia, can democratise the processes of developing and managing technology and knowledge. Conversely, digital technologies are also an integral part of the socio-technical
The Young Foundation and the Web: Digital Social Innovation The Young Foundation 2012. Social Innovation Overview:
Internet: www. worldbank. org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World bank with external contributions.
Resources on the Doing Business website...91 4 Spain Doing Business 2015 INTRODUCTION Doing Business sheds light on how easy
available on the Doing Business website at http://www. doingbusiness. org 5 Spain Doing Business 2015
For a list of these economies, see the Doing Business website http://www. doingbusiness. org
website (http://www. doingbusiness. org. For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary at the end of this chapter
Doing Business website (http://www. doingbusiness. org. For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary at the
inspection is provided on the official website of the Municipality of Madrid, www. munimadrid. es. The legal basis is Agreement of the Local
getting electricity indicators, see the Doing Business website (http://www. doingbusiness. org. For details on the procedures reflected
website (http://www. doingbusiness. org. For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary at the end of this chapter
internet is valid. This document is an â€oeinformative Land Registry Extract†containing the same information as an Ownership and encumbrances
regulations are available on the Doing Business website http://www. doingbusiness. org. The data on labor
RESOURCES ON THE DOING BUSINESS WEBSITE Current features News on the Doing Business project http://www. doingbusiness. org
What is the value of Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe?
This research aims to explore the potential of the network effect of the Internet (activity i e. the service
Indeed, the â€oenetwork effect†of the Internet may still be in its early technical phases and early implementation to maximize social good
decentralized social networking, and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness However, today it stills fail to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems,
and reach of commercial Internet models and the relative weakness of alternatives, mainly filling marginal niches
Digital social innovation plays a central role in the development of the Future Internet. One of the motiva
grassroots communities play to enable bottom-up social innovation that leverage the power of the Internet
transparency and accountability, participatory web platforms such as Wikigender and Wikiprogress devel -oped by the OECD that facilitate the linking of National statistics to actual individual living conditions
infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open software, and
Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social networking, such as D-CENT and Diaspora, and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the Public domain, such as Com
Most, if not all of the above examples of civil society digital social innovation take place via the Internet or
The Internet is approximately 40 years old, and its capacity for generating societal and economic value is
the last 20 years or so have seen the commercialisation of the Internet take prece -dence.
added value of the innovation enabled by the Future Internet, and focuses in particular on Digital Social In
effect of the Internet and merging novel technology trendsâ such as open data, crowd-mapping, open hard
communities of civic innovators, web entrepreneurs, hackers, geeks, SMES, open source and DIY makers but also policy makers and decision makers at various levels
-structure and promoting the generative web-enabled survey. Key activities were conducted also as part of WP4,
-gagement work across social media and community channels to spread the survey and the crowd-mapping
Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge
This research aims to explore the potential of the network effect of the Internet (i e. that the benefit of a
A primary example of Digital Social Innovation is the Web itself. As it was based on open digital technol
the Web was able to reach a critical mass of connectivity and exploit the â€oenetwork effectâ€oe described by the Metcalfe†s Law,
 The Internet and the Web are the technical underpinnings that represent a densely intertwined techno-social fabric of our societies,
the â€oenetwork effect†of the Internet may still be in its early technical phases and early implementation to
-pansion of Internet-based services has generated a great economic wealth. However this growth has result
-ed in an imbalance between the dramatic scale and reach of commercial Internet models and the relative
above examples of civil society digital social innovation take place via the Internet or are enabled highly by
the Internet. The intention of this research is to carry out an honest analysis of the field,
•How to accelerate innovations that better align the capacities of the Internet to social needs †The
Internet in Europe The attempt to define a successful DSI model for Europe is contextualised in the broader debate around
European Innovation models and the Future of the Internet, since if Europe wants to implement a systemic
ICT and the Internet are critical to help Europe sustain long-term eco -nomic growth and create new jobs
While the original advent of the Internet and ubiquitous digital technologies led to a speculative bubble
now the Internet seems to have more deep inroads into all parts of manufacturing and
However, the Internet by itself seems to unable to drive innovation out of the crisis of 2008
More than 5 billion additional people will connect to the Internet globally in the next 10 years
To fully exploit the potential provided by Internet services a high-speed Internet access is required for all
If we observe the evolution of the Internet, principles, such as network neutrality, equitable service, and peer-to-peer architecture were crucial to build a universal, open and distributed infrastructure
because the Web was built on a set of royalty-free open standards decided through an inclusive and transparent process that, via standards
allowing the Web to be implemented by anyone over different underlying systems, avoiding proprietary systems and vendor lock in
The emerging cloud model,(proprietary social networks, big data providers, the Internet of things im -plementation), are currently following a different model that allows us convenience but at the expense of
social data held on third-party sites. The lack of standards forces developers to create multiple versions of
Analysing all the possible Future Internet scenarios (Oxford Internet Institute 2010), we see two opposing innovation models that could emerge (see Figure 5
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the â€oebig Brother†scenario, showing that big industrial players (mainly US based) will reinforce their dominant
of the Internet ecosystem •Open ecosystems to foster grassroots digital social innovation and entrepreneurship:
to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs, and that decen
Indeed, the â€oenetwork effect†of the Internet may still be in its early phases as well.
and the long-awaited deployment of the semantic web, can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
The Web is today increasingly more enmeshed with our daily lives, forming a uni -versally distributed intelligence constantly enhanced, coordinated in real time,
-tion plays a central role in the development of the Future Internet. Honest competition based on open
Digital social innovation plays a central role in the development of the Future Internet. One of the motiva
grassroots communities play to enable bottom-up social innovation that leverage the power of the Internet
Adapted from â€oetowards a Future Internetâ€, the Oxford Internet Study 2010 in Sestini, F. presentation
and digital data accessed via the Internet Digital Social Innovation can deploy collective intelligence by connecting multiple individuals and groups
In this way, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its in -creasing ubiquity and its massive amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge
This type of innovation was unimaginable before the rise of Internet-enabled platforms In this way, simply labeling images with the â€oeesp game†of Von Ahn is digital innovation,
but simply makes it easier for Google to index and search through images (von Ahn and Dabbish 2005.
and in this era must be enabled Internet digital social innovation †are needed to create new arrangements between the social
network effect of Internet collective platforms strengthen the social networks of offline communities and amplify their collective intelligence.
unimaginable before the rise of the Internet. †What is important to note about the above definition is that the focus of this study is strictly on those
developments), leveraging social networks (or distributed social networking, sensor networks and the Internet of things, and knowledge co-creation networks
on the website for users to download and investigate, just as any custom code developed in the course of
developing the Website, Database and Dynamic Visualisations will be shared back with the relevant open source communities
and its structure determines the mapping capabilities of the website. Therefore the sur -vey has been designed
mapping infrastructure and social networking tool. These can evolve organically together with the growth of the DSI innovators community
A digest email encourages users to complete any missing data in respect of this. Therefore, any organisation can exist on the map
Overall, the website survey provides the foundation for the empirical results that are to be used in the rest
Care has therefore been taken to make the website as easy to use as possible with the aim for it to go viral across the European Digital Social Innovation community.
over two hundred organisations that have registered with the website. However, to date, the survey is only available in English,
Thus, the next stage for the website will be to consider how to produce a multilingual version
Currently the web -site is focused on the geographic mapping of organisations. Over the next stage of the DSI report, various
of sharing and collaboration at a scale that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet, and their abili
-ty, participatory web platforms such as Wikigender and Wikiprogress developed by the OECD facilitate the linking of National statistics to actual individual living conditions;
decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open
For instance, distributed social networking projects such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to run servers like arkos,
Internet infrastructure Furthermore, there†s no denying that the ability to access knowledge and bottom-up infrastructures has
Delivering a web service 73 Research project 49 Education and training 31 Network 29 Event 27
and Internet connections for groups and individuals to collaborate and socialise in projects, workshops hands-on talks, panels.
-project space and distributed group spaces of former years (https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chaos commu
partners got together to explore the development of collaborative web projectsâ and bottom-up broadband technologies.
-lence on Internet Science (EINS) that aims to integrate multidisciplinary scientific understandings about Internet networks and their co-evolution with society,
or the Knowledge and Innovation Communities KICS) promoted by the European Institute of Innovation and technology that are coordinating research on
on developing and advocating for Web standards, the P2p foundation that works on promoting peer to
-ed social networks, p2p infrastructures Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart Santander Open Data innovative ways to capture, use,
and digital services adopted by DSI activities such as social networking, social media, crowdsourcing crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning, e-petitions and so on
The work by Tor on creating a secure and privacy-aware service that bounce Internet users†and websitesâ€
-ing Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks 38 The Guifi. net initiative is developing a free,
Guifi. net is connected to the Catalan Internet Exchange (CATNIX) as an Autonomous Sys -tem (AS) via optical fibre with IPV4 and IPV6
Open Data The explosion of new types of data analytics and machine learning means that it is no longer only govern
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data, which
Another important trend, boosting the diffusion of open data is the Mobile Internet and the increasing
Ordinary people today use blogs wikis, social network and hundreds of other collaborative platforms to manage their daily lives,
solve so -cial challenges and business problem, and participate in e-campaigns, crowdfunding, crowd-mapping and
social network of peers living with similar conditions 40 Open Hardware Open source hardware consists of hardware
-where/anytime access to the Internet and to the services it will provide •The Internet of things,
which will guarantee access through the Internet to the physical world, to its devic -es and, most notably, to its services
•The emerging of an Internet of People, i e.,, a trend that includes Web 2. 0, social networks, social comput
-ing, and that promotes Internet as a fundamental channel for allowing an increasingly active role of users
individuals, groups, communities) as providers of data, content, and services •Cloud computing as a virtualisation infrastructure that offers unique opportunities to reduce the costs of
delivering services over the Internet, thus extending this possibility to much wider classes of actors
we are adopting social network analysis to detect patterns of relations, arguing that causation is located in the social structure.
Social networks are formally defined as a set of nodes (or network members) that are tied by one or more types of relations
By studying behaviours as embedded in social network structures, we will be able to explain macro and meso level patterns that show the dynamics in which DSI organisations and their
In the case of the DSI social network that is emerging from the map, the nodes in a graph are communities,
Social network analysis will examine the structure and composition of DSI organisation ties in a given net
multiple diverse streams of data from interviews to social media into a central repository capable of giving
-more, this visualisation of the DSI network, embedded in our website, is interactive and aims at engaging
as the website currently supports only English) into French and then launching that call to
However, even now these institutions are facing crisis due to the ubiquity of the Internet, as
rise of the Internet itself 46 This is precisely why telecommunications companies must reinvent themselves in the presence of new
digitally native companies such as Skype and Google. Likewise, national research institutes such as INRIA or CNRS are threatened by the research divisions of companies like Google, Yahoo, Microsoft †who now
increasingly dominate premier academic conferences such as the World wide web Conference. The institu -tional infrastructure necessary for cutting-edge research no longer requires state investment, and in fact
private institutions have near-monopolies over social networks and search engine data, giving them nearly exclusive access to the data and algorithms needed for innovative digital research.
oligopolies, these companies are challenged still by new digital actors such as Facebook and Twitter It is key to distinguish between invention and socialisation as part of the wider process of innovation in
a technical system such as the Internet and the Web. The Internet and Web have intrinsic architectures
defined by their open standards that offer themselves as a series of constraints such that †the choice of pos
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the Web 2. 0 economy and the emerging Internet of
However, before the advent of the Internet their social innovation was limited in its reach, but with the
advent of the Internet suddenly these new digital social innovations had a rapid network growth.
the best example of how the Internet enables users grow the value of a network with a social purpose
sharing of Internet between devices •Large scale mobilisation, advocacy and campaigning around common causes Crowdsourcing platforms
and Crowd mapping, social network -ing and democratic decision making tools, are technologies that allow for the quick identification (and
Shifting from Closed innovation models to Decentralized Innovative Social networks The proposed vision is to facilitate the creation of a bottom-up Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem that
plethora of sources, in particular information generated by users (e g. through social networks) or captured from sensors (Internet of things.
built in a dynamic and flexible way, plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures. An â€oeecosys
By linking differing communities and innovators via a social network, the innovators can more easily find
be more effective than so-called â€oeindependent†private contractor in determining how to best unify a web
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website with -out again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs or from a neighbouring city.
although filters are in the process of being implemented they are not yet live on the site The challenge of balancing quality and quantity within the data set is an aspect that we are constantly mon
The next stage of Work package 2 will include the Task 2. 2, the development of the website.
website and survey is stable, there will need still likely to introduce minor adjustments in response to us
the block in getting more input seems to be the fact that the website and survey is only in English, a mul
-ganisations and the linkages between them, has the potential to become an international social network of
Digital Social Innovation web platform www. digitalsocial. eu Crowdmapping DSI organizations, projects, and resources to engage
/The website is a Ruby on Rails app, but uses Tripod and Mongodb instead of Activerecord.
In this manner, the website would become not only a data source but also a kind of learning tool to understand what digital social innovation concretely means
•Addition of social network functionalities to the DSI mapping, so to allow creating and visualising dy
•Adding Twitter login option and other social plugins •Improve organisational profiles (they can add pictures,
opportunities etc from other sites •Add a section to the site that shows and visualises funding opportunities for organisations.
N. B. these are likely to come from EC grants and crowdfunding projects such as CHEST
Zooniverse (citizen science web portal of CSA) 213 Case studies 56 57 Arduino At a glance Type of Organisation:
Website: http://arduino. cc /Organisation Name Arduino Short description The core to an Arduino is a simple, ultra-low-cost circuit board, based on
hardware design blueprints for download has meant users who ordinari -ly might not have been able to afford
on its site and social networks with links to documentation and tuto -rials. This helps ensure that partners†brands are marketed to the right
On its website, it posts all of its trade secrets for anyone to take †all the schematics, design files,
Website: http://www. avaaz. org Organisation Name: Avaaz Short Description Avaaz is an independent, not-for-profit global e-petitioning and cam
Avaaz website, their â€oemodel of Internet organising allows thousands of individual efforts, however small, to be combined rapidly into a powerful
-lar groups on the Internet may benefit from the strategic opportunities offered by e-petitions,
Similarly, their site encourages the use of both online and offline channels to generate the greatest impact of members†campaigns
Computing sites such as Avaaz, is the potential for adoption by a large number of organisations belonging to the so-called third-sector (char
for new metrics to address the emergence of new social media, and in general, for systematic measurements and internationally comparable
According to the Avaaz website, the organisation employs a technical team to make sure the website is constantly secure.
The site is also verified by Geotrust, a world leader on Internet security verification The Avaaz donation pages have addresses beginning with https://rather
than http://thus signalling they are secure pages 64 The site is integrated well with other social media platforms,
allowing users to easily share online petitions or campaigns. According to Matt Holland†Avaaz†s Online Director, like other high-capacity web services
Avaaz†s hosting platform is complex and includes a physical server farm a content distribution network,
something that could not have been possible without the Internet. It can do this well beyond the bounds of a particular country,
As part of this half a million emails were sent out imploring its members †those who have signed previous petitions
Petitions is â€oea new web platform that gives people around the world the power to start
It is â€oea crowd-sourced part of Avaaz, the largest-ever global web movement bringing people-powered politics to decision-making every
-tion made a public appeal on its website, revealing that a 44-hour distrib -uted denial of service (DDOS) strike hit the organisation†s IT infrastruc
times Avaaz†s highest traffic in its history, taking the site down for a total
and upgrading capacity of firewalls. In addition, the fundraiser will also have a wider range of objectives, such as
Website: https://www. yrpri. org /Organisation Name Citizens Foundation (including the Your Priorities platform Short description Your Priorities is based a web platform developed by the Icelandic Citi
-zens Foundation. The platform enables groups of people to develop and prioritize ideas and together discover which of these ideas are deemed
design and functionality of their websites, products and services might be thought of as an attempt to redesign democracy itself.
websites is participation. Without participation there is no democracy†Created in 2008 in the wake of Iceland†s economic collapse, Citizen
the site, 43%of voters viewed the site, and over 1, 000 priorities were created.
Better Reykjavã k website, which is built on the Your Priorities platform What does it do,
The Your Priorities website enables citizens to voice, debate and pri -oritize policy ideas, budget decisions
For example on the Better Reykjavik website each month the top ideas in all categories are gathered by city officials
They hold that the Internet is the best way to reach out and motivate this younger generation to participate in democracy, and that
website was because of its perceptible impact †in 2011, at the time of the award, the site involved 40%of Reykjavik†s citizens and obtained
direct implementation of many proposals in political programmes 69 What is the role of the organisation
free for anyone to download and use, which has led to the spread of the model via the Internet beyond Iceland.
Open Active Democracy is the software that powers Your Priorities. As well as being made available on Github so that like-minded civic hackers can contribute to and improve
The fact that Citizens Foundation†s website, Better Reykjavik is integrated well into the official political structure †means that citizens
While users can use the website totally free of charge, the website features an integrated tool to make donations to the Your Priori
-ties project. As a nonprofit organisation, donated funds ensure continual development and maintenance of the Your Priority software
and websites like Better Reykjavik to operate properly 70 Marketing and PR:  â€oeif you build it they will come†is a famous quote
from the early days of the Internet †this was never quite true and cer -tainly is not today.
 Marketing and promoting a website is a lot of hard work and costs money. As †democracy nerds†the Citizens Foundation
-pany, Facebook. But as entrepreneurs they point to a tendency to always try to turn problems into opportunities.
exploit Facebook, finding that it is one of the best ways to attract people to electronic democracy both via sharing and Facebook advertisements
User interface: There needs to be as little friction as possible for taking part. Therefore, the team have made,
to login and participate using their Facebook login. The user interface has been simplified in every generation of the software to enable more
-zen Foundation websites enable people to earn †Social Points†for writing up points for or against ideas that many people think are helpful †these
-ities nor the Better Reykjavik websites were Citizen Foundation team†s first attempt at creating an †electronic democratic†web platform.
Rather these websites are a †better iteration†of their pilot project, Shadow Par -liament†a project which aimed to document and scrutinise the actions
of the government. Founders Gunnar Grã msson and RÃ bert Bjarnason report that Shadow Parliament never gained the critical mass of users re
-zen Foundation Web tools which they used as a guide for their policy focus. The decision to integrate,
categories on the website. Citizens involved in supporting a particular 71 proposal are given regular updates from the city council regarding its via
Iceland, using the most popular ideas on the website as a guide for ques -tioning the government,
Website: http://www. citysdk. eu /Organisation Name City Service Development Kit (Citysdk Short description City SDK is a European consortium of partners helping cities to open
the Internet, as a way to collaborate, disseminate knowledge and data Open source Software, which enables the uptake and extension of the
Website: http://commonsforeurope. net /Organisation Name Commons4europe/Commons4eu (consisting of Code4eu, Bub and Europe Commons
They develop collaborative web projects fol -lowing the methodology of Code for America †based on principles rather
Projects should be based around web/mobile applications Applications should enable cities to connect with their constituencies in
is evidenced by the host of custom-tailored web applications that have emerged to address specific, †local†needs.
website with a broader scope than either the Bub or Code for Europe projects. Europe Commons is intended to catalogue applications which
bandwidth management), to the web applications developed by fellows for Code for Europe †these smaller projects tend to be reflective of
with their own preferred web platform (using open source languages like 83 Python and Ruby on Rails) to build their open web applications
On a larger scale, this might be indicative of how Commons 4 EU looks beyond more traditional †big tech solutions†to offer a simpler, much
and reuse of good ideas, websites like Europe Commons and collaborative tools like Github offer a glimpse to
Website: http://www. communia-project. eu Organisation Name COMMUNIA Short description COMMUNIA †The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public
blog posts, participation in consultations, drafting of policy papers, amendments and statements COMMUNIA believes if they manage to change the law to recognize and
The Internet prompted the creation of the association Without the opportunities presented by the Internet, the association
would not exist. After decades of measures that have reduced drastically the public domain, typically by extending the terms of protection.
today, as the Internet and digital technologies enable people to access use and redistribute culture with an ease and a power unforeseeable
Website: http://confine-project. eu Organisation Name Confine Short description The Confine Testbed experimental facility supports experimentally-driv
-net and its possibilities, leading to a seemingly omnipresent Internet However, providing sustainable, cost-effective and high quality Internet
connection, with coverage for all citizens is still a challenge. Often this stems from economic causes,
as Internet provision in a metropolitan area is usually more economically attractive than providing access in ru
-ingâ€, is an emerging model for the Future Internet, where communities of citizens build, operate
services, including local networking, voice connections and Internet access CONFINE offers an open distributed infrastructure for researchers to
limits and obstacles regarding Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks. It supports an integrated and multi-disciplinary
-nity networking as a model for the Future Internet Five research projects: Confine is a project that seeks to expand research
Future Internet Research and Experimentation) community nourished by the EC. An open call for participation in the research was published in
Internet context of CONFINE, rather than the test bed itself What is the social impact it is
sustainable Internet infrastructures. Since this aim requires contribu -tions from all social groups, the CONFINE project focuses on perform
The project makes uses of social networks to organize its activ -ities, to make the knowledge addressing,
Operating a web service Key facts: Members active in Europe, America, Asia, Australia, and Africa
Website: http://www. desis-network. org Organisation Name Desis Network Short description DESIS (Design for Social Innovation towards Sustainability) is a network
and website manage -ment 96 History and Mission The DESIS Network originates from three main international activities
DESIS UK website. This is just one instance that demonstrates how DE -SIS has forged useful alliances between academic institutes and govern
Research project, network, operating web service providing education & training Key facts: 3-year project EU funded with â 2. 1m
Website: http://www. everyaware. eu Short description The Everyaware project aims to empower citizens to engage actively in
of mobile and web-based devices such as smartphones, computers and sensors. The work on Everyaware is presently ongoing (the project runs
At the same time, web-interfaces allow users to easily upload their sensor readings, and equally easily tag these with subjective
It is a web platform for gaming and social computation. It helps research -ers to devise web games/experiments,
and offers a platform for others to join in, meaning the public can both enjoy
The web platform is built to engage social computation, letting the different organisers of projects collaborate
components of the Everyaware web-based infrastructure, which comple -ment each other by addressing specific goals in the context of collecting
Sensorbox, Airprobe, a dedicated Web server and Web application together form a system that measures concentrations of pollutants in
process, by expanding the availability of an Internet connection through -out daily life Online communication platforms:
social networking tools, which allow effective data and opinion collection, and real-time information spreading processes In addition, theoretical and modelling tools developed by physicists
Website: http://fablab. waag. org /Organisation Name Waag Society Short description Fablab Amsterdam is a Fab Lab (short for fabrication laboratory), fully
project on the Fablab website and share the designs with the rest of the community under a Creative Commons license
Facebook Website: http://www. fairphone. com /Organisation Name Fairphone Short description Fairphone is a start-up company producing the world†s first ethically
sourced smart phone, initiated at Waag Society in The netherlands History and mission Fairphone was founded as a social enterprise in 2010.
mainly social media; anyone can step in and help crowdsource relevant information and follow each step in the development of the Fairphone
-phones, using only social media for marketing. The Fairphone team sees this as a unique achievement,
Through the online platform (50,000 followers on Facebook every step in the research and development is communicated. Fairphone has received many research requests
basically a large group of followers on Facebook and twitter Since this started as a very collaborative project Fairphone has depended
through social media. Every step in the development process, every decision the company makes, is being shared online for people to react
Operating a web service Key facts: The platform has 4 million users worldwide Website: https://github. com
/Organisation Name Github Short description Github, a San francisco-based company, was started in 2008 as a way
websites and software solutions. As a project is developed Github stores and manages revisions to projects.
collaborate Git has developed a number of features such as a Web-based graphical interface, wikis and basic task management tools for every pro
on the site involving 3 million coders However it seems Github wants to stretch digital collaboration and
servers inside a company†s firewall under the Enterprise plans ($5000 /year/20 seats. These Enterprise plans are claimed to be the Github†s
and downloads (pushes and pulls) to Github. Though developed for software code, any types of files can be part of a Github
a kind of social network, providing collaborators an easy way to discuss issues in a project, and to follow other users and projects of interest
meant Github has become a social networking site for programmers Enhancing collaboration and engagement: DSI network effect Github hosts open-licensed projects and is designed for collaboration
intended to enable users to navigate through its site, and to choose the most suitable healthcare package.
Healthcare. gov †the â€oefrontend†of the site †was written by a Washing -ton, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants
Operating a web service Key facts: 14.000 registered users, launched 100 successful projects and sourced
Website: http://goteo. org /Organisation Name Goteo Short description Goteo. orgâ isâ anâ open sourceâ social network for crowdfunding as well as
distributed collaboration based in Spain. The explicit mission of Goteo org is to help finance
micro credit site Kiva, P2pâ lending models and emerging crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter. The aim of the exercise was to understand
features ofâ crowdfunding from other sites, but also adding new features such as optimum and minimum costs needed, petitionsâ for collabora
At its simplest Goteo can be described as a social network that helps facilitate both the collective funding of and distributed collaboration or
follow the wrap as it is used on future presents with web geolocation was able to get support from app developers in addition to the reaching
and significant social media attention as well (the plat -form has more than 8, 000 Twitter followers and 3000 Facebookâ likes
Most importantly more than 100 open projects have been fully fund -ed and supported to date via the platform, raising a total of nearly
ability of people to easily transfer money online, just as social media and networks such as Twitter, Facebook, Flickr and Youtube are a crucial part
of launching, promoting and engaging online communities of potential backers in Goteo projects. Goteo has used open coding platform Github
Operating a web service Key facts: Landshare has got 55,000 members worldwide Website: http://Landshare. net
Organisation Name Landshare Short description At its simplest, Landshare can be described as an open platform that
by using its site as a social network where interested D. I. Y. growers can join forces to form a growing collective,
Having said that, the site boasts over 73,000 members, and claims to have a community of over 60,000 grow
The Landshare. net website includes some built-in social networking features such as message inbox, forums, and chat functions where users
website The website also includes a number of sharing and support platforms that promote digital collaboration related to finding or sharing land
finding groups in a member†s local area, and advice for starting up a community garden or approaching local councils to try to secure an
website, members are presented potentially with a number of helpers sharers or growers in their area.
sister site the crowdfunding platform Peoplefund. it, which, like the Landshare website and app, was also set up by KEO Digital.
Peoplefund it works in a similar way to crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. As an ex -ample the platform was used to successfully raise £4, 401 (109 per cent
website fees; travel expenses and Welsh translation services Recently, Landshare. net has decided to run a trial to test the inclusion
-ment and maintenance of its website. According to the site, the income from these adverts will help to fulfil the initiative†s primary objective
to connect as many growers with available growing space in the UK and beyond What really helps reach goals?
Operating a web service Key facts: Used by the pirate party in Germany to source policy from members
Website: http://liquidfeedback. org /Organisation Name Liquid Feedback Short description Liquid feedback is free open source software
-sation to download and use 130 At the core of Liquid Feedback sit an ambition to create a platform that
efficiently, before the advent of the Internet. Finally, the open source ap -proach, as described above,
Website: http://makerfaire. com /Organisation Name Makerfaire Short description Maker Faire is created an event by Make magazine to â€oecelebrate arts
and the diffusion of open innovation, social networks, crowdsourcing and 3d printing, and the benefit of participating in such open innova
Operating a web service Key facts: The Whatdotheyknow app has helped over 130,000 Freedom of Information requests.
Website: http://www. mysociety. org /Organisation Name mysociety Short description mysociety†s key mission is to help people become more powerful in the
Since 2004 they have launched various websites that made it easy to do tasks such as identifying which politician (s) represent you,
benefits†that e-commerce sites give people, but in the civic and dem -ocratic parts of their lives.
Building websites that make it easy for people to write to their politicians to get potholes fixed,
-tions around the world who want to build copies of the sites mysociety builds Some of the most prominent websites and software solutions developed
by mysociety are listed below Fixmystreet-Fixmystreet Platform is built open-source software to help people run websites for reporting common street problems, like
potholes and broken street lights. It has been used in many countries around the world, from Norway to New zealand to Georgia to Italy
-where versions based on the original UK Fixmystreet website have been built ALAVETELI-â€oemagnify the power of Right to Information laws in your
-now. com website MAPIT-Mapit Global†s API uses Openstreetmap data to †establish the
Boundaries data is essential for anyone creating geographic web and mobile services that rely on locating a particular point within the correct
-do, to relaunch Kenya†s independent parliamentary monitoring website The software created for this purpose is called Pombola.
this website are 139 A structured database that links people to places, organisations and roles.
Twitter streams on the home page and a blog for news items The Pombola code has been since been used to run sites in Ghana, Nige
-ria and Zimbabwe What is the social impact it is seeking, including any evidence of impact to date?
because they believe that the Internet can meaningfully lower the barriers to taking the first civic or democratic
mysociety†s UK sites are the best showcases in terms of pure volume and engagement Fixmystreet: Over 250,000 problems reported, with 50%of users having
Kenyan Election contacted the site personally to query the data behind their scorecard rating. mysociety emphasize the fact that, if Presidential
candidates care about how they are being represented on the site, then that is an indicator of impact †not least because awareness that they will
mysociety†s sites are all open source. Some of the mysociety codebas -es have been worked on extensively to make them easy to use for the
mysociety†s websites seem to have used technology to achieve their objective of holding governments more to account,
absence technological advances made with the Internet Enhancing collaboration and engagement: DSI network effect mysociety actively encourages digital collaboration for its online coding
As mentioned above all of its sites and applications use Github Issues for tracking bugs and feature requests,
software company that can solve problems that more traditional web companies can†t. †mysociety Ltd.
many socially focused websites set up at similar times were expected to deliver immediately, and then were killed off by
organisation could afford to keep sites running for years at a time. They now consider longevity and sufficient development budget to be the
To grow the open-source communities around some of their core web -sites and components so that they are of ever greater value to larger
numbers of people To upgrade their UK sites to make sure that they are always serving the
needs of local users as best as is possible, and to use the UK as a lab to
Operating a web service Key facts: has released 160 datasets which has lead to the development of more
Website: https://open. wien. at/site /Organisation Name Open Government Wien (Vienna henceforth Short description Open Government Vienna is part of the Smart City
and Open Govern -ment strategies of the City of Vienna. Open Government is defined as â€oethe comprehensive redesign of politics and administrative activities
off web and phone apps emerge to enhance how citizens engage with the city Type of organisation The Open Government Vienna strategy is part of the Smart City strategy
-istration makes increased use of Internet technology. A summary of the city†s Open Government activities and the first edition of the Open Data
to be accessed via an all-new web portal Presently 109 apps and visualisations have been made that make use of
about 600 officialâ e-government web pages and a variety of adminis -trative services available online. †For instance, more than 180 different
in computing storage and high levels of Internet penetration Enhancing collaboration and engagement: DSI network effect Open Government Vienna has centred itself around interaction, com
communication channels such as Twitter, Facebook and emails, there are public â€oelife platforms†where users can chat
Operating a web service Key facts: Five citizen driven law proposal have reached support from 50.000
Website: http://openministry. info /The Finnish language platform is at http://avoinministerio. fi /Organisation Name Open Ministry (Avoin Ministeriã in Finnish
Ministry of Justice website due to be launched in Autumn 2012, Open Ministry came about to bridge this gap.
To gain 50,000 votes broad campaigning on social media and beyond is required, needing directed energy from many people
the Ministry of Justice web platform by providing citizens with the tools and support to make potential citizen initiatives far more comprehen
other countries with less Internet penetration were to adopt or replicate this model What technological methods and
The Open Ministry website was developed using a YUI API †a free, open source Javascript and CSS library for building interactive web applica
-tions. Demographic metrics are gathered using Quantcast. The site†s source code is also available on Github †where anyone can fork the
To ensure the site was compliant with security standards, the National Communications security Authority audited the site†s code
-ly this would not have been possible in the absence of the Internet and the online platforms that Open Ministry has been built on
Part of the functionality of the website has had to be discontinued because not all banks were enabling Open Ministry
able to use the site for free to sign particular initiatives, whilst others from a different bank were not.
Instead users can now use the website to sandbox ideas, find support amongst the community of users,
Ministry of Justice website, which is approved where initiatives are host -ed Technological Literacy: While Finland is networked a highly country, not
Internet or not yet accustomed to e-Democracy What really helps achieve goals? Undoubtedly the Open Ministry†s success can be understood also in the
Operating a web service Key facts: Created open data sets with more than 60 million companies registered
Website: http://opencorporates. com /Organisation Name Opencorporates Short description Opencorporates is the largest open database of companies in the world
It is a website which shares data on corporate entities as open data under the share-alike attribution Open Database Licence.
The site also shows groups of companies that are legally part of the same conglomerate, which helps provide transparency
Today the site has grown from 3 territories and a few million companies to over 75 jurisdictions and 60
through web scraping tools and then visualize the data Web scraping data: The main activity within Opencorporates is to collab
-orate with Scraperwiki, a platform for doing data science on the web, to help get the company data.
The basics that are needed in order to create a company record at Opencorporates are the company number, the juris
) Web scraping (web harvesting or web data extraction) is a com -puter software technique of extracting information from websites.
The site also has a Google Refine reconciliation function that matches legal entities to company names
â€oea bounty schemeâ€: Opencorporates offered a small fee for new jurisdic -tions opened up, in order to encourage people around the world helping
number of open source programmes, tools and resources, such as Twitter Bootstrap and Linux. It is mostly feasible to have the open data database
-base has expanded to over 61 million companies, without the Internet and the participation through Internet, this would not have happened
Technical specs behind the website: Opencorporates is built on the Ru -byonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers
running Linux. Famfamfam icons and flags, Twitter Bootstrap, and Justvector icons are used also. The Scraperwiki allows people to write
scrapers in Python or PHP 156 How is funded the organisation? Chris Taggart and Rob Mckinnon started Opencorporates from their
Operating a web service Key facts: 3 million users in 2013, which is tripled from 1 million a year before
Website: http://opengarden. com Organisation Name Open Garden Short description Open Garden is based a San francisco start up,
in Internet use, through its mobile app and network building, and creat -ing new ways to grow the Internet.
The simple mobile app enables users to connect to each other seamlessly and share their Internet connection
With the largest scale implementation of a mobile Mesh Network, Open Garden is pioneering work on exploring ubiquitous connectivity
the Internet. The business is based on an understanding that with the ubiquitous mobile Internet, mobile consumers have become data users
and data transfer activities are constantly taking place among mobile users. Skyrocketing consumption of mobile data is becoming curbed
in slower or incomplete downloads for content such as games or music and video chat sessions that are intolerable due to poor quality or inces
-neur Micha Benoliel, Internet architect Stanislav Shalunov and developer Greg Hazel, decided to make the mobile web fit that could address this
challenge What does it do, and how does this activity enhance social innovation? The Open Garden App,
into a router. Working with similarly equipped devices within a range of approximately 20 meters, the mesh app then discovers, shares and coor
-dinates access to any available Internet off ramp, optimizing users†Inter -net access. By crowdsourcing connectivity, Open Garden enables users to
connect to the mobile web more frequently and with better results The Open Garden App can be turned into an open network, which im
-proves the experience of mobile Internet users, optimizes the service of wireless carriers, as well as benefits the handset and tablet manufactures
It also enables users to access the Internet as cheaply as possible Faster Downloads: Users can find the fastest connection and most
powerful signal without checking every available network, and can move between networks seamlessly. Open Garden provides a way to access
downloads For carriers the benefits according to Open Garden are Faster Downloads and Stronger Coverage: Open Garden provides a way
to access more data at faster speeds in more locations Use of Multiple Networks At once:
Internet connection, on the other hand, there are also capacity and spec -159 trum limitations, which requires the network provider to go beyond the
-tive, to create a new way of Internet sharing through users installing a mobile app,
all users could share their Internet to make it much more accessible. To -gether with these benefits it is creating an ecosystem among consumers
providing everyone everywhere fair access to Internet it motivates all kinds of groups to join into the community and to experiment, especial
Website: http://okfn. org Organisation Name Open Knowledge Foundation Short description The Open Knowledge Foundation is a global movement to open up
Web and Software Development: Through developing software OKF are trying to create tools that support a global open knowledge and open
on the web by providing tools to streamline publishing, sharing, finding and using data; its obvious usefulness has been evidenced by its wider
UK€ sâ data. gov. uk website, the United states government†sâ Data. gov and the Australian government†s data. gov. au
mostly web and software development related. Naturally most of its projects rely heavily on open data, open data and open source standards
Its core activities are focusing on using the web and online technologies to better open
possible without the advance of the Internet and the ability to aggregate and distribute large quantities of data
new web services and events related to the open knowledge agenda What are the main barriers to
Website http://ouishare. net Short description Ouishare is a global collaborative consumption network. It aims to
create and share on the web Ouishare calls this paradigm shift and the sum of these developments
The network was born in January 2012 out of a Facebook group in Paris Ouishare now counts 400+members from 20 countries in Europe
In its early stages, the Ouishare community was a Facebook group creat -ed in April 2011 to connect people who believed in the potential of the
A network, A research project, Operating a web service Key facts: A †wiki†with nearly 8000 pages of information, which have been viewed
Website: http://p2pfoundation. net /Organisation Name P2p Foundation Short description The P2p Foundation is registered a institute with the aim of studying
-ning the P2p foundation wiki, a website with with nearly 8, 000 pages of information on the P2p economy.
to create custom social networks) with a few hundred members, and a number of mailing lists, of which the most active is the P2p research list
Ioannina (Greece), a blog and a wiki in Greek, which are administered by Vasilis Kostakis Meet-ups:
the entire Internet, and thereby identify vulnerable â€oeoff switches†that governments could use to pull the plug on their society†s online world
Internet during uprisings in the middle East in 2011, thereby preventing people from communicating online What is the social impact it is
The zero node website, i e. the site of the P2p Foundation, would have a website with directories, an electronic newsletter and blog, and a maga
-zine. It aims to be one of the places where people can interconnect and strengthen each other,
and discuss topics of common interest In the context of the above, the primary impact of P2p Foundation is
demonstrated through traffic on the site. The wiki it self has been viewed over 5 million times,
and the P2p blog alone reached about 35,000 unique users in 2012 In addition to this the foundations work on Choke Point was recognised
blog, the Ning social network platform and standard mailing list 172 However, its core focus is on furthering advancements in P2p Technol
Wikipedia †with users being given the option to donate preset or other amounts through a Paypal platform
Operating a web service Key facts: Online community with More than 220,000 members, has 2, 000
Website: http://www. patientslikeme. com /Organisation Name Patientslikeme Short description Patientslikeme is a free patient network where people can connect with
sites founders has described it †Our goal ultimately is that every patient†s decision is informed by every patient before themâ€.
The primary service provided by Patientslikeme is a social network for people living with a long term health condition.
from Clinicaltrials. gov, a US government funded site which provides access to information on publicly and privately supported clinical studies
of the site can search for trials for which they are eligible free of charge the company also offers a commercial service to actively message poten
newly diagnosed ALS patients register on the site each month, and 2 percent of all multiple sclerosis patients in the country participate in the
Operated as a web-based community where it shares open knowledge and generates an database that is being used to return the benefit to the
online social network that specifically targets people living with a long term health condition. The team mainly code in Ruby on Rails,
Internet: Patientslikeme has used to Internet to cooperate online and to allow for greater democratisation of patient medical data
Social networking and Community Power: Peer-to-peer networks are becoming the cornerstone for a new era of patient-centered health care
Patientslikeme allows people to directly report on their disease expe -riences. As patients come together to share treatments and symptoms
Different online social networks involve different social contracts for participants and different sets of tools Patientslikeme†s tools allow people to manage their health, compare
Operating a web service Key Facts: About 15,000 members in September 2013 Website: https://peerby. com
Organisation Name Peerby Short description Peerby is a Dutch for-profit start-up that operates a peer-to-peer shar
in their neighbourhood online, via the Peerby website, their mobile or social media channels. The platform was launched in Beta as a service
targeting people in Netherlands in August 2012, although it also has active communities of users outside in Netherlands
others by creating a website for the neighbourhood that would allow people to meet and engage with each other.
-quest has been posted using either the Peerby website or app the Peerby seeks to further encourage the matching between people looking for an
level allowing Social networks and Consumer-to-consumer marketplac -es Limited storage space in dense urban environment preventing consum
The service is based on Internet and the principles of open knowledge and the sharing economy.
Thanks to the social web, people can now share anything with anyone in the world.
however, with the Internet acting as a facilitator, there is a growing trend of websites that offer to facilitate peer-to-peer rental transactions.
All of these sites are encouraging something academics call collaborative consumption, in other words, peer-to-peer sharing or renting
Enhancing collaboration and engagement: DSI network effect The value of Peerby increases as more people are using the platform to
forum on the Raspberry Pi site, and a whole host of tutorials and other materials are readily available online
-worked via a switch to a wireless router to facilitate access to RACHEL one of the Raspberry Pi†s dedicated educational servers.
educational content with having to rely on poor and expensive Internet connectivity Furthermore, the charity†s continued success (financial and otherwise
with Google, Code, is hosted on Github. Overall, Raspberry Pi aims to build an ecosystem of more engaged creator-users,
a variety of Pi projects have emerged on the Web. These range from making your own retro Pi-powered arcade machine to adapting your
Raspberry Pi has collaborated also recently with Google to deliver a new open source coding tool called Coder.
their own apps for the web and then host them on a miniature server located directly on the Raspberry Pi.
instruction from other programming websites like Codeacademy and Khan academy. When projects are complete, users can host their own
websites via Raspberry Pi or zip them to share with friends 189 How is funded the organisation?
Google announced it was giving the Raspberry Pi Foundation a grant worth an estimated £670, 000 to put 15,000 of the devices into UK
to be brought to areas with poor Internet connectivity. This has been adopted in Bhutan; where the Internet didn†t come until 1999, and cov
-erage is still very minimal, so an offline solution like this is vital 190 What really helps reach goals?
Operating a web service Key Facts: In 2013 over 10,000, 000 individual data points collected Website:
http://blog. safecast. org /Organisation Name Safecast Short description Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source
community as well as a global sensor network where Safecast owners can map and freely share their radiation measurements in open data
very much one of global network of people using social media and open tools to come together around a common cause.
-cast initially connected on Twitter, and have described in interviews how they managed to connect with people through social networks whenever
they were trying to address a new challenge in the development of Saf -ecast. For example, Dan Sythe, who ran International Medcom-a high
-space took part in the initial twitter discussion about building the device Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversa
Spread information via Social media: While Geiger counters make it possible to produce narratives of nuclear risk as numbers, measurement
Volunteer Geiger counter users and social media users among others are necessary to produce specific type of nuclear risk knowledge
Social media: Social media has helped Safecast in two main ways. It was through Twitter that many of the first connections were made between
the original founders and developers of Safecast. Building on this, it is through social media channels such as Twitter that Safecast publish their
findings Engagement through visualisation and apps: Finally, Safecast visualiz -es measurement data on the Safecast Map in six coloured layers.
This provides information for people on the level of nuclear radiation in areas across Japan
social media and open source platforms in many ways can be seen as an example of digitally enabled collective intelligence.
The web-based online platform also enabled a sharing of data collected by citizens, to citizens
at a scale not possible before the advance of the Internet Enhancing collaboration and engagement:
A network, operating a web service Key facts: More than 400 active users and more backers
Website: http://smartcitizen. me /Organisation Name Fablab Barcelona Short description The Smart Citizen Kit is a set of tools (mostly sensors) built on an Ardui
The Smart Citizen project is based on geo location, the Internet and relies on a range of open hard and software tools
The web platform is developed with Open -Streetmap, Leaflet, Raphaã l, jquery, Cakephp, and many more. The
Internet freedom and security Technology Trends: Open networks DSI activities: Operating a web service Key Facts:
Tor has a staff of 30 paid developers, researchers, and advocates, plus many dozen volunteers who help out on a daily basis. In a year Tor
Website: https://www. torproject. org Organisation Name The Tor Project Short description The Tor project is a nonprofit organisation that conducts research and
corporations †learning web users location or tracking their browsing habits. It offers a technology that bounces Internet users†and websitesâ€
traffic through â€oerelays†run by thousands of volunteers around the world, making it extremely hard for anyone to identify the source of the
Tor, or The Onion Router, is a cryptographic technique first implement -ed by US NAVY research to permit intelligence agents to use the Inter
through many different Internet servers. Subsequently, Tor has been de -veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights
watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Today, it is used every day 202 for a wide variety of purposes by normal people, the military, journalists
Internet users†privacy from corporations rather than governments. â€oewe were concerned increasingly about all these websites-in the 2000/01
dotcom bubble, everyone was offering free services, and by free they meant †we take all your information and sell it as many times as pos
you take decisions about do you trust Google, do you trust Amazon, do you trust the BBC, whatever. â€
normal people who want to keep their Internet activities private from websites and advertisers; those concerned about cyberspying;
and users evading censorship in certain parts of the world. Tor notes that its tech
-ship of media and the Internet. Campaigning body Reporters Without Borders advises journalists to use Tor, for example.
Tor also cites blog -gers, business executives, IT professionals and law enforcement officers as key users, with the latter including police needing to mask their IP
-prove their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy fea
probe for censorship on the Internet. Supporting these technologies is the ongoing expansion of the Tor help desk volunteer pool, capabilities
Internet freedom and anonymity: The Internet offers exciting new opportunities for individuals to express their views, parody politicians
celebrate their favourite movie stars, or criticize businesses. Not every -one feels the same way though.
Internet surveillance known as â€oetraffic analysis. †Traffic analysis can be used to infer who is talking to whom over a public network.
source and destination of your Internet traffic allows others to track your behaviour and interests. This can impact your chequebook if, for exam
-ple, an e-commerce site uses price discrimination based on your country or institution of origin. It can even threaten your job and physical safety
to a harmful balkanization of the Internet. Internet users around the world must be able to trust that their information, communications and
documents are safe and secure. The alternative is a race to the bottom where only those users who seek out complex,
development of the web itself Open source: The Tor software itself is open source and free for anyone
to download and use Enhancing collaboration and engagement: DSI network effect The strength of the Tor network relies on being able to relay traffic
through a large network of routers owned by a global network of volun -teers. As more routers are connected the strength of the network and its
ability to provide privacy grows How is funded the organisation? Tor†s success is in large part thanks to the funding partners,
want to stop advertisers from following them around the web. It†s an issue that people are just beginning to think about now † especially in
the context of sites like Facebook that attract advertisers with personal data that people opt to share
Dark web: The cloak of anonymity provided by Tor makes it an attractive and powerful for criminals.
their websites via its â€oehidden services†capabilities, which mean sites can only be accessed by people on the Tor network.
This is the so-called â€oedark web†element, and it†s not unusual to see Tor pop up in stories about a
range of criminal sites. â€oewe work with law enforcement a lot, †Lewman told the Guardian. â€oethey are fully aware of bad guys on Tor.
is a website that was in -itially developed to map reports of violence in Kenya after the post-elec
reports from †citizen journalist†of violence reported by email and text message and placed them on Google maps.
This website had 45,000 users in Kenya, and was the central to the Ushahidi team realising there
was need a for a platform based on it, which could be used by others around the world
Internet. The three Ushahidi products are The Ushahidi Platform: The Ushahidi platform was built as a tool to
email, Twitter and the web The Swiftriver Platform: Swiftriver is an open source platform that aims
The site allows the use of Openstreetmap maps in its user interface, but requires the Google maps API for geocoding.
Ushahidi is often set up using a lo -cal SMS gateway created by a local Frontlinesms, a free open source
to take over the website including overall management of the call/SMS centre function, and a micro-tasking NGO called Samasource that focus
-dated computers, browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data
streams. Limited bandwidth was cited by organisations on the ground in Haiti Finally, lack of Internet connection and mobile phone networks that are
down (which was the case in parts of Haiti after the earthquake) has also been cited as a barrier to using the platform in rural areas and areas hit
web portal of CSA At a glance Type of Organisation: Academia and research organisations Aim: Education and skills
Internet-based †citizen science projects†in order to further science itself and the public understanding of both science and of the scientific pro
are housed on Zooniverse †the †home of Citizen Science on the web. †Type of organisation Zooniverse is a project of the run by the Citizen Science Alliance (CSA
via its web portal. The CSA is a collaboration of scientists, software developers and educators primarily coming from universities and public
that the Zooniverse site now hosts more than a dozen projects which allow volunteers to participate in scientific research.
Internet-based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home) which used spare computer processing power to analyse data, known as volunteer
using the web to provide a means of reaching a much larger audience willing to devote their free time to collaborative projects
the site (translating the content into other languages) †thereby having a positive impact on the outreach of the Zooniverse projects
Rails that runs on Amazon web services and uses Mongodb, Redis and a few other technologies Scalability: Pretty much all of the site†s requirements point to having a
when the site is busy while also spending significant amounts of time monitoring the application performance
scaled back to a minimal level (†automagically†on Amazon web services The actual citizen science projects that people interact with are these
-vide some of the images in the site today. With so many galaxies, it was assumed it would take years for visitors to the site to work through them
all but within 24 hours of launch the site received almost 70,000 classifi -cations an hour.
In the end, more than 50 million classifications were received by the project during its first year, contributed by more than
support (translating sites into multiple languages. This latter point demonstrates how this process of collaboration can aid in the scaling up
What is the value of Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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