extend the life of legacy systems using software layers it called â€oewrappers†that would make legacy systems integrate more easily with newer systems
equipment and intelligent character recognition software to capture printed information from prescription forms and automatically process the form.
interpreted by the intelligent character recognition software first time. The remaining 30 per cent require manual intervention to identify the customer or prescription
automatically by the scanning software. Items that the Authority processed using the legacy system consistently met the accuracy target in 2011-12.
Duplicate infrastructure, hardware and software arrangements are in place to cope with the two systems. The team has an appropriate mix of skills to maintain and
-replacing the physical server environment with virtual servers, and upgrading the desktop environment. The new virtual server environment is expected to provide
scalability to respond to the increase in demand, although the capacity of the application has not been measured sufficiently to be able to predict the impact of the
Software media and licence codes are available and regularly confirmed as operational NHS Prescription Services:
Software versions are current and fully supported with plans in place for future upgrade Performance.
Firms increasingly rely on intangible investments and assets (skills, organisation, software networks) for competitiveness and growth.
using side the rapid growth of software and business method patenting can increase small business costs
Many types of business software can improve information and knowledge management within the firm, leading to more efficient business processes and better firm
training and organisational changes as well as direct costs of investing in hardware and software solutions While many studies provide evidence of the positive effects of ICT adoption on firm
SMES purchase some standard materials, office equipment and software over the Internet, but only a small
cost factors (costs of ICT equipment and networks, software and reorganisation and ongoing costs; and security and trust factors (security and reliability of e-commerce systems
Items such as software, music and books can be delivered over the Internet, but the volume of such on-line delivery is still very small.
along with music and video, books and magazines and software, are among the leading consumer products sold over the Internet (OECD, 2002c.
source software has been proposed as an economically viable solution for establishing and upgrading ICT systems. It can enhance system interoperability
Open source software has been proposed as one means of reducing anti-competitive pressures. It may be easier for small firms to have
relationships with larger firms at lower cost if open source fosters wider compatibility between different applications and operating systems and lowers the cost of ICT adoption
Most competition authorities in OECD countries, independently or in co-operation with others in different jurisdictions, have examined how on-line markets,
requirements and interoperability with these services, affecting their choice of systems and software Technology neutrality and the interoperability of a variety of network infrastructures and software is
essential when initiating e-government projects In addition, e-government activities have demonstration effects for SMES by providing them with
OECD (2001a), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook: Drivers of Growth: Information technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris
OECD (2002b), Information technology Outlook 2002, OECD, Paris OECD (2002c), Measuring the Information Economy, OECD, Paris
OECD (2003b), OECD Communications Outlook, Paris OECD (2004), â€oerecommendation of the Council on Broadband Developmentâ€, C (2003) 259/FINAL
services. 11 Online retailing, online press, search engines, social networks, blogs, media streaming, online gambling and e-health are included in our analysis. The main focus
specific liability exemptions for information location services (search engine services) and hyperlinking services. Austria, Hungary, Spain and Portugal have adopted specific liability
exemptions for search engines according to which a company can benefit if it meets the conditions that hosting service providers are required to meet
video sharing sites, social networks and search engines, favoured the inclusion of those activities within the"safe harbour"regime
Where specific exemptions from liability for search engine services and hyperlinking services have not been included explicitly in national legislation,
not specify why a search engine should be classed as a hosting provider Similarly, there is divergent national case law on video-sharing sites
activities to providing server space for users to independently upload and organise content The case law on online selling platforms is fragmented also
91 Appeal Panel Decision of Civil Court of Rome, IP specialist section, 22.02.2010, and Court of Rome
through Google's search engine. These advertisement links appear whenever a"keyword"that can be reserved by an economic operator corresponds to the word (s) entered as a request in
the search engine In the national proceedings LVMH (the holder of the"Louis vuitton"trademark) complained about the fact that both competitors and counterfeiters of the firm had reserved the keyword
the ECJ notes that"with the help of software it has developed, Google processes the data entered by advertisers and the resulting display of
server, sets the terms of its service, is remunerated for that service and provides general information to its customers cannot have the effect of denying it the exemptions from liability
provider to introduce filtering software for the prevention of copyright ingringements is incompatible with Article 15 of the Directive, construed in the light of the requirements
involving the use of peer-to-peer software †which applies indiscriminately to all its customers †as a preventive measure
have imposed or have been asked to impose the use of filtering software to prevent illegal information and activity by means of injunctions on intermediaries.
specific filtering software("Audible Magic")to prevent infringements of copyright 140 Case C-360/10, Belgische Vereniging van Auteurs, Componisten en Uitgevers (SABAM) v N. V. NETLOG
The court considered that this software had proven to be effective and considered that the average cost of implementing the measure did not
injunction against the two intermediaries forcing them to apply filtering software would not be infringing Article 15.
Court refused to oblige ebay to implement filtering software for its"health and beauty section"to prevent infringements of L'Orã al's trademark.
filtering software was not necessary as ebay had made the required efforts to prevent trademark infringements, suggesting that to some extent there is an obligation of
impose filtering software are compatible with the prohibition of a general monitoring obligation. However, one can imagine that
Cookies are hidden information exchanged between an internet user and a web server, and are stored in a file on the user's hard disc.
They are designed to facilitate a browser-server interaction in order to collect data. Cookies allow the creation of profiles which can be
In all those business models, the use of search engines has become widespread. Customers rely increasingly on search engines to find their preferred product or service.
Search engines charge advertisers on a pay-per-click basis. The trend is towards direct-response type
advertising instead of display advertising Publishers have focussed on the importance of advertising revenues which account for 50%of
and approved software languages to the detriment of third-party software. In September 2010 following a change of policy by Apple,
competitive effect of open source software products Interoperability of standards is also crucial for guaranteeing access to the Internal Market
and supplied in digital form such as computer programmes, applications, games or music Contracts for the supply of digital content are within the scope of the Directive, but the right
software, but also about the application of any technical protection measures or digital rights management, for example about a limitation on the right of the consumers to make copies of
Recent Eurobarometer surveys224 and those carried out by the European Business Test Panel EBTP) 225 and the Enterprise Europe Network226 confirm that businesses with an interest in
European Business Test Panel, European Contract Law survey, available at http://ec. europa. eu/yourvoice/ebtp/consultations/2010/european contract law/report en. pdf
285 European Business Test Panel (EBTP) survey, Alternative Dispute Resolution, 2010-11 http://ec. europa. eu/yourvoice/ebtp/consultations/2010/adr/report en. pdf
or when it pays a search engine operator for an internet referencing service in order to facilitate access to its site by consumers domiciled in those various Member States
relativa a certos aspectos legais dos serviã§os da sociedade de informaã§Ã£o, em especial do comã rcio electrã nico, no mercado interno
digital amplifier industry, the open source software industry, the mobile operating system Android the biopharmaceutical industry, Procter&gamble, Italcementi, Deutsche telekom, Innocentive
server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication LEGAL NOTICE By the European commission, Directorate General for Communications networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT
the Innovation High Level Panel which will report its finding under the Italian Presidency of the EU
information from back office servers. NFC †both its reader-writer function and its card emulation
Smart Office application server, which runs local Linksmart middle ware and the Nosql system database
value for users when software applications bring new knowledge to people. There could be other dimensions like a †societal†dimension inn order to
Even software developers, like XL Team in Romania, start to hire electronic designers to prepare for the wearable
tool can provide, looking beyond the software and inside technology and enter the world of hardware
through their iphone and Android phones, either by swiping the card on the Square device or by manu
compared to software. Often, regular hardware and peripherals are being sold at rock-bottom prices This is the case in the printing industry.
mark up items are the software, accessories and ink. It†s the same model used by the auto and tele
For the software industry, micro-transac -tions for updates are more common and are much
-ogy developments, hardware is the new software Hardware is a good way to create connectivity with
entrepreneurs such as Niklas Zennstrã m, the coâ founder of Skype, and Daniel Ek and Martin
platform offering generic, reusable software com -ponents and services, thereby enabling developers across Europe and globally to build, prototype and
flat model emerge as in open source communities or will closed more, hierarchical forms prevail, or can we foresee hybrid forms?
the OECD (5). The outlook for private business invest -ment improved, as business confidence rebounded
and software requirements and the quality levels needed to deploy Onstar safely as a vehicle-based
a common open operating system that allows for the sharing of data between artifacts and present
the Open Innovation, Open source and ICT Infra -structure Community and the Start-up Ecosystems in different networks around Europe to submit their
and in the development of software applications for smart solutions: professions that are new and require different skills than the traditional ones in
data and software applications. The data that is collected through different devices contains e g. time, people counting or proximity meas
used for various software applications •Services At this level meaningful services are developed that provide value for the relevant stakehold
is to the development of software applications for smart lighting solutions: jobs that are new and
the software and applications is even shorter. The data scientist might find new emerging patterns
for software applications build on open platforms in the field of smart urban lighting. Also the renewal
-cing the company†s tax preparation software for tax 132 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4
the software as well. The organisation is rolling this insight out into new products (8 The concept of collaboration is exemplified in the
wiki creation and open source code writing where the skills are vested individually but create value collectively and are bound collaboratively
open source production, and collaborative con -sumption models that require a group of par -ticipants to deliver
submit ideas through the crowd sourced panel and the organisation selects which ideas it wants to
as Local Motors, the world†s first open source car company. The company brings together a global
their computer-aided design (CAD) software and recommends the software to its global community of 30 000 designers
Local Motors also works with large enterprises through hosted challenges, whereby the enter -prise may outsource a design task to the Local
in developing open source thinking on this subject we will embed and expand it more quickly For example, to operate within each or any of the
or search engines, you realise that somehow these services have managed to go passed and beyond these problems.
something like Gopher, the game Snake on your Nokia phone or the newness of ecommerce in the
open source software communities on the Web can help SMES overcome financial constraints and access external competencies and valuable
software industry 2. Empirical study 2. 1. Research method and sample. An exploratory qualitative research design was adopted to
Is Open source Software about Innovation? Collaborations with the Open source Community and Innovation Performance of Software Entrepreneurial Ventures, Journal of
Small Business Management, 50 (2), pp. 340-364 61. Plehn-Dujowich J. M. 2009. Firm size and types of innovation, Economics of Innovation & New Technology, 18
but the software also can make choices for the customer depending in the skeleton, weight, age,
The Strada radiator had a panel on top of the radiator that users sometimes had to remove to clean the battery
To remove this panel, most people at home used a screwdriver, which would often damage the varnish.
small pop-up device was installed now to remove the panel easily without using tools. The device was
machinery, equipment, and software (iv; the acquisition of external knowledge through licenses or other types of contracts (v). A company†s external knowledge acquisition is captured by calculating the average
was to build a better way to recommend movies to its users than its own software.
Chaos. The group developed software that is at least 10%more accurate than Netflix's current software
focuses only on companies that develop open source software. Lecocq & Demil 2006) study the U s. tabletop role-playing game industry,
such as in the open source software (Henkel 2004; Hienerth, 2006. This practice is also becoming fashionable in other industries
Henkel (2004) argues that firms (adopting open source strategies) may make their technology available to the public in order to elicit
Open source software from commercial firms †Tools, complements and collective invention. Zfb-Ergã¤nzungsheft Henkel.
embedded Linux, Research Policy 35, 953†969 Herstatt, C.,Von Hippel, E.,1992. From experience:
electronics and software firms in southeast England. Research Policy 31, 1053†1067 Rowley, T.,Behrens, D.,Krackhardt, D.,2000.
Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies. Research Policy 32, 1259†1285 West, J.,Callagher, S.,2006.
investment in open-source software. R&d Management 36,319-331 45 The results of EIM's Research Programme on SMES and Entrepreneurship are published in the
example open source software (Henkel, 2006) or tabletop role-playing games (Lecocq and Demil, 2006. Whenever large samples of enterprises are explored,
machines, equipment and software to better satisfy process needs, and because producers fail to provide an adequate
of embedded Linux. Research Policy 35, 953†969 Hoffman, W. H.,Schlosser, R.,2001. Success factors of strategic alliances
example open source software (Henkel, 2006) or tabletop role-playing games (Lecocq and Demil, 2006. Whenever large samples of enterprises are explored,
machines, equipment and software to better satisfy process needs, and because producers fail to provide an adequate
of embedded Linux. Research Policy 35, 953†969 Hoffman, W. H.,Schlosser, R.,2001. Success factors of strategic alliances
but the software also can make choices for the customer depending in the skeleton, weight, age,
The Strada radiator had a panel on top of the radiator that users sometimes had to remove to clean the battery
To remove this panel, most people at home used a screwdriver, which would often damage the varnish.
small pop-up device was installed now to remove the panel easily without using tools. The device was
machinery, equipment, and software (iv; the acquisition of external knowledge through licenses or other types of contracts (v). A company†s external knowledge acquisition is captured by calculating the average
was to build a better way to recommend movies to its users than its own software.
Chaos. The group developed software that is at least 10%more accurate than Netflix's current software
software, there were a few European companies that spent more than â 1 billion on R&d in the year 2004
-ation is even worse in software and computer ser -vices. SAP was the only European company spending
In the software sector there are 14 US companies and six from Europe (SAP UBISOFT Entertainment, Dassault systemes, Sage
companies who are not only in the top list of software producers, but also in the wave of internet-related in
relevant for some subsectors of IT, such as software but are clearly a crucial indicator for hardware
The EU has some excellent software companies with strong positions in their subsectors or niches †there are just too few compared to the
management software for smaller businesses European commission, 2010: 37 In addition, Europe is relatively strong in embedded
software, particularly in real-time applications for industrial automation, thanks to its leadership in the fields of mechanical and electrical engineering
However, this software is sold not typically sepa -rately from the equipment. Again, the reasons be
The case of Microsoft in operating systems is an ob -vious example. Not surprisingly, in mobile phone
products in software. According to this interpreta -tion, European software companies would be global -ly competitive,
but they specialize in customised software products, which require adaptation to the customer and the use of national languages.
In addi -tion, European markets are fragmented still in terms of regulation (particularly in services), standardiza -tion and professional practices, creating obstacles to
small panel of scientific authorities in computer sci -ence, in both European and US universities, to list
basic, research in hardware and software and contributed to the development of new hard -ware.
-ment of the software industry. In December 1968 IBM was forced by the US authorities to unbundle
the commercialization of software from sales of hardware products, giving origin to a separate indus
of software was the product of a large-scale entre -preneurial effort, carried out by thousands of indi
In the late 1970s, a typical software development firm consisted of one or two programmers with
In the software industry, most of the R&d is done by youthful programmers, usually not
software were established by academic groups in the 1940s and early 1950s. These included: the Plankalkã l of Zuse in 1945, the work of Rutishauer
software code in order to test their results. This is fa -cilitated by the fact that the test of theories can be
nature of computer programs made it possible to ex -plore hundreds of different directions at relatively low
produce complete software and mention it in their CVS. In this case, on average four programs are
Software 204 1 56 4. 14 6. 081 Patents 137 1 47 6. 57 8. 342
software development and patents Computer science has been based on a fierce competition for students and researchers worldwide
software during the 50s in Central europe. In History of Com -puting: Software Issues, U Hashagen, R Keil-Slawik and A l
Norberg (eds..Berlin: Springer Becchetti, L 2001. The determinants of suboptimal technological development in the system company†component producersâ€
A History of the Software Industry. Cambridge MA: MIT Press Campbell-Kelly, M and W Aspray 2004.
the evolution of the German software and biotechnology indus -tries. Industry and Innovation, 6 (1), 5†24.
Hardware, and the Software. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Mounier-Kuhn, P E 1994. French computer manufacturers and
The International Computer Software Industry. Oxford, UK: Oxford university Press Mowery, D c and N Rosenberg 1998.
A heterogeneous dynamic panel ap -proach. Economica, 72 (No 288), 615†633 Peterson, L and D Clark 2004.
Hardware†software. An equivalence and a contradiction. In Foundations of Computer science. Potential -Theory-Cognition, C Freksa, M Jantzen and R Valk (eds
6 Findings about company (non-)growth from the IW Future Panel...81 6. 1 Methodological explanations...
Questions about (non-)growth in IW Future Panel...106 Annex 3: Worldwide policy initiatives for high-growth SMES...
Findings from the IW Future Panel According to the IW Future Panel, a survey of sev
-eral thousand German enterprises, the single most important reason for growth stated by high-growth
This panel includes several thousand German companies that replied to a written questionnaire providing information about their
from the IW Future Panel do however not confirm the importance of coaching for growth. 85
Furthermore, findings from the IW Future Panel (see Section 6. 2) indicate that difficult access to finance is not a primary reason for non-growth of companies at least in
Brief. 124 Finally, findings from the IW Future Panel (see Section 6. 2 of this Policy Brief) support the impor
-ios about the combined effectiveness of general SME policy and high-growth SME policy. In any case, such
minimum of 20 employees or to 10 million Canadian dollars (CAD) in sales or both There is currently a critical shortage of capital for technology based firms.
-lapsed from a peak of 5. 9 billion CAD placed in 2000 to just over 1 billion CAD in each of the past three
-lion CAD in 2009 to 300 million in 2010.154 Description of Canadian capital Financing Market Business Angels:
According to the Canadian Angel Investment Network their members are currently investing over CAD 3 bil
VC investments by the VC community in Canada have decreased from a peak of CAD 5. 9
billion dollars in 2000 to just over CAD one billion dollars for each of the past three years (2008-2010.
over CAD 5 million dollars over 75%of the funds come from foreign sources. However, the total foreign
sources have dropped from 41%in 2007 to 26%in 2008 with CAD 549 million dollars to only 22%of the
CAD 334 million dollars in 2nd quarter 2009. In the federal budget 2010, the regulatory requirement for for
venture capital (CAD 18 billion dollars) between 1995 and 2005 showed much higher levels of gazelles crea
%For firms (193) known to have received VC funding CAD 1. 6 billion dollars including the
as communication, biotech, software, new materials. An evaluation of Magneton found that most of the pro
6 Findings about company (non-)growth from the IW Future Panel 6. 1 Methodological explanations
About the IW Future Panel A specific set of questions about reasons for growth and non-growth of SMES, commissioned by the INNO
-Grips, was included in the 16th wave of the IW-Zukunftspanel (IW Future Panel) of IW Consult, the consulting
Companies in the IW Future Panel are more innovative and more export-oriented than the av
In all surveys of the IW Future Panel the enterprises are asked about their growth by employment and turn
Reasons for high growth of companies in the IW Future Panel 31 49 71 0
Reasons for non-growth of companies in the IW Future Panel 39 10 4 0
Reasons for growth of young high-growth enterprises (â€oegazellesâ€) in the IW Future Panel 23
Questions about (non-)growth in IW Future Panel The following questions were included in the IW Zukunftspanel (IW Future Panel) in spring 2011.194
Note: The interviewees filled in the questionnaire online; no computer-assisted telephone interviews Nr. Basis Question/Information Answers
http://www. oseo. fr/os eo/oseo in english2 **Ireland High Potential Start-up (HPSU Funding by Enter
6 Findings about company (non-)growth from the IW Future Panel...81 6. 1 Methodological explanations...
Questions about (non-)growth in IW Future Panel...106 Annex 3: Worldwide policy initiatives for high-growth SMES...
Findings from the IW Future Panel According to the IW Future Panel, a survey of sev
-eral thousand German enterprises, the single most important reason for growth stated by high-growth
This panel includes several thousand German companies that replied to a written questionnaire providing information about their
from the IW Future Panel do however not confirm the importance of coaching for growth. 85
Furthermore, findings from the IW Future Panel (see Section 6. 2) indicate that difficult access to finance is not a primary reason for non-growth of companies at least in
Brief. 124 Finally, findings from the IW Future Panel (see Section 6. 2 of this Policy Brief) support the impor
-ios about the combined effectiveness of general SME policy and high-growth SME policy. In any case, such
minimum of 20 employees or to 10 million Canadian dollars (CAD) in sales or both There is currently a critical shortage of capital for technology based firms.
-lapsed from a peak of 5. 9 billion CAD placed in 2000 to just over 1 billion CAD in each of the past three
-lion CAD in 2009 to 300 million in 2010.154 Description of Canadian capital Financing Market Business Angels:
According to the Canadian Angel Investment Network their members are currently investing over CAD 3 bil
VC investments by the VC community in Canada have decreased from a peak of CAD 5. 9
billion dollars in 2000 to just over CAD one billion dollars for each of the past three years (2008-2010.
over CAD 5 million dollars over 75%of the funds come from foreign sources. However, the total foreign
sources have dropped from 41%in 2007 to 26%in 2008 with CAD 549 million dollars to only 22%of the
CAD 334 million dollars in 2nd quarter 2009. In the federal budget 2010, the regulatory requirement for for
venture capital (CAD 18 billion dollars) between 1995 and 2005 showed much higher levels of gazelles crea
%For firms (193) known to have received VC funding CAD 1. 6 billion dollars including the
as communication, biotech, software, new materials. An evaluation of Magneton found that most of the pro
6 Findings about company (non-)growth from the IW Future Panel 6. 1 Methodological explanations
About the IW Future Panel A specific set of questions about reasons for growth and non-growth of SMES, commissioned by the INNO
-Grips, was included in the 16th wave of the IW-Zukunftspanel (IW Future Panel) of IW Consult, the consulting
Companies in the IW Future Panel are more innovative and more export-oriented than the av
In all surveys of the IW Future Panel the enterprises are asked about their growth by employment and turn
Reasons for high growth of companies in the IW Future Panel 31 49 71 0
Reasons for non-growth of companies in the IW Future Panel 39 10 4 0
Reasons for growth of young high-growth enterprises (â€oegazellesâ€) in the IW Future Panel 23
Questions about (non-)growth in IW Future Panel The following questions were included in the IW Zukunftspanel (IW Future Panel) in spring 2011.194
Note: The interviewees filled in the questionnaire online; no computer-assisted telephone interviews Nr. Basis Question/Information Answers
http://www. oseo. fr/os eo/oseo in english2 **Ireland High Potential Start-up (HPSU Funding by Enter
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