1 THE CULTURE OF INNOVATION AND THE BUILDING OF KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES -Issue Paper -UNESCO, Bureau of Strategic Planning
September 2003 2 I. The past and present scope of innovation During the last two decades, the term innovation has emerged as one of the key concepts of
academic, societal and political life. Many different actors, ranging from major regional organizations, various national governments, multinational corporations, and universities
worldwide, have underscored its importance. Major documents, such as the European Union†s Green Book on Innovation, published in 1995 and national strategies,
such as those formulated and implemented in countries like Singapore, Canada, and Australia, have put the innovation issue
relatively high on political agendas. At the same time, we are witnessing a proliferation of committees, institutes and think tanks, both privately and publicly funded, dedicated to the
promotion of the concept of innovation. More recently, the European commission has published a comprehensive study of innovation policies in the six candidate countries and is now in the process
of putting in place a Europe-wide common research framework All of the above described initiatives rest on three basic assumptions
Innovation is a national affair The major driving forces in the formulation of innovation strategies are national governments
Lecture Notes in Computer science 6656 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis,
Business Information systems, University of Applied sciences Western Switzerland Sierre, Switzerland henning. mueller@hevs. ch VI List of Editors
•Cloud computing, Internet of services and advanced software engineering •Internet-connected objects •Trustworthy ICT
Algorithms on the Federated Environment of Panlab...237 Christos Tranoris, Pierpaolo Giacomin, and Spyros Denazis
-tion and computation, has been extraordinarily successful, there are still many un -solved problems and challenges some of which have basic aspects.
-centric, information-centric, resource-centric, content-centric, service/computation -centric, context-centric faces and internet of things-centric facets
-tent and computation as the means of enabling change from capacity concerns to -wards increased and flexible capability with operation control
connectivity and computation resources and self management capabilities, by fully integrating networking with cloud computing in order to create In-Network Clouds.
the related Application programming interface (API. 2 Note however that this docu -ment does not take position on the localization and distribution of these APIS
information systems deal with privacy and protection of information of users, and develop ways to better respect the needs and expectations 30,31, 32
Software engineering Notes 17,4 (1992 17 Papadimitriou, D.,et al. eds.):) Open Research Issues in Internet Congestion Control
which take advantage of flexible sharing of available connectivity, computation and storage resources. This paper aims to explore the architectural co-existence
computation resources and self management capabilities, by fully integrating networking with cloud computing in order to create In-Network Clouds.
advantage of flexible sharing of available resources (e g. connectivity, computation and storage resources This paper aims to explore the architectural co-existence of new and legacy ser
which supports multiple computing clouds from different service providers operating on coexisting heterogeneous virtual networks and sharing a com
-ers and by integrating computing clouds with virtual networks the In-Network clouds introduce flexibility for change
Together these distributed systems form a software-driven net -work control infrastructure that will run on top of all current networks (i e. fixed
-ponents could have direct interworking with control algorithms, situated in the control plane of the Internet (i e. to provide real time reaction),
Virtualisation hides the physical characteristics 14,16 of the computing and net -working resources being used, from its applications and users.
-ing an infrastructure in which virtual machines can be relocated dynamically to any physical node or server regardless of location, network, and storage configurations
the vspi and the vcpi (Virtualisation System Programming interface and Virtualisa -tion Component Programming interface, respectively. A set of control loops is
formed using the vspi and the vcpi, as shown in Figure 2 24 A. Galis et al
Virtualisation Component Programming interface (vcpi. Each physical resource has associated an and distinct vcpi. The vcpi is fulfilling two main functions:
•vcpi (Virtual Component Programming interface is the VP€ s main component deal -ing with the heterogeneity of virtual resources and enabling programmability of net
-bling experimentation with thousands of virtual machines: V3 †UCL€ s Experimental Testbed located in London consisting of 80 cores with a dedicated 10 Gbits/s infra
•Autonomic service provisioning on In-Network Clouds (Service Computing Clouds 4 Conclusion This work has presented the design of an open software networked infrastructure (In
distributed systems †the OSKMV planes: Virtualisation Plane (VP), Management Plane (MP), Knowledge Plane (KP), Service Plane (SP) and Orchestration Plane
Mobile Communication and Computing Laboratory †Mobile Innovation Centre Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest Hungary
Integrating this concept with distributed anchors, the algorithms supporting dynamic mobility could also be distributed. Such integration is accomplished in
communication, storage, content and computation substrata Networking-awareness 4 challenges imply the consumer-facing and the resource
-cluding models, algorithms, processes, methodologies and architectures. The func -tional architecture collectively constitute, in terms of implementation efforts, frame
•Algorithms and processes to allow federation in enterprise application systems to visualize software components, functionality and performance
•Algorithms and processes to allow federated application management systems reconfigure or redeploy software components realizing autonomic application
From Autonomic Computing to Autonomic Networking: an Architectural Perspective. In: Proc. of 5th IEEE Workshop on Engineering
be identified uniquely by information systems. However, the concept has grown into multiple dimensions, encompassing sensor networks able to provide real world intel
the physical world and its representation in the digital world of information systems enabling what we refer to in part of the Future Internet Assembly (FIA) community as
registration and discovery (where a spatiotemporal extension of SPARQL †stsparql-,is used to discover data sources from the Semsorgrid4env registry
SPARQL-Stream and SNEEQL †a declarative continuous query language over acquisition sensor networks, continuous streaming
data, and traditional stored data), and data integration (where the ontology-based SPARQL-Stream language is used to integrate data from heterogeneous and multi
-modal data sources. Other capabilities offered by the architecture are related to sup -porting synchronous and asynchronous access modes, with subscription/pull and
/PECES PERVASIVE Computing in Embedded systems, FP7 http://www. ict-peces. eu /Semsorgrid4env Semantic Sensor Grids for Rapid Application Development for Environ
-sources, computing resources, device characteristics) via virtualization and data min -ing functionalities; the metadata produced in this way are then input of intelligent
keep algorithms and procedures, laying at different layers, independent one another In addition, even in the framework of a given layer, algorithms and procedures deal
-ing with different tasks are designed often independently one another. These issues greatly simplify the overall design of the telecommunication networks and greatly
Nevertheless, a major limitation of this approach derives from the fact that algorithms and procedures are poorly coordinated one another,
coordination between algorithms and procedures dealing with different tasks ii) A second limitation derives from the fact that, at present, most of the algorithms
and procedures embedded in the telecommunication networks are open-loop, i e. they are based on off-line"reasonable"estimation of network variables (e g. offered traf
towards closed-loop algorithms and procedures which are able to properly exploit appropriate real-time network measurements.
and hence embedding technology-dependent algorithms and procedures, as well as from the large variety of heterogeneous Actors who are playing in the ICT arena.
framework, on the one hand, is expected to embed algorithms and procedures which leaving out of consideration the specificity of the various networks,
input, coupled with a proper design of Cognitive Enabler algorithms (e g.,, multi -objective advanced control and optimization algorithms), lead to cross-layer and
cross-network optimization The Cognitive Framework can exploit one or more of the Cognitive Enablers in a
adoption of algorithms and procedures coordinated one another and even jointly ad -dressing in a one-shot way,
adoption of multi-object algorithms and procedures which jointly address prob -lems traditionally dealt with in a separate and uncoordinated fashion at different
) for the algorithms and rules embedded in the Cognitive Enablers, which are expected to remarkably improve efficiency
from very simple SW/HW/computing implementations, even specialized on a single-layer/single-network specific monitoring/elaboration/actuation task, to
entailed additional SW/HW/computation complexity 7) Thanks to the flexibility degrees offered by issues (4)-(6), the Cognitive Manag
respect to the increased SW/HW/computing complexity The following section shows an example of application of the above-mentioned
independent resource management algorithms (e g.,, layer 2 path selection), in order to guarantee that flow†s Qos requirements are satisfied during the transmission of
-rithm, a Path selection algorithm and a Load Balancing algorithm has been consid -ered in our tests
453 MHZ Broadcom Processor with 8 MB Flash memory and 64 MB RAM; a WAN port and four LAN up to 1 Gigabit/s) and â€oecross-compiled†the code, to
the algorithms the Cognitive Enabler will be based on, have all to be selected carefully case by case;
database, information systems, software engineering and semantic web. In the technology area one of the most commonly used deï nitions is from Tom Gruber
languages (RDF, RDFS, DAML+OIL, OWL SPARQL, GRDDL, RDFA, SHOE AND SKOS), among others 13
distributed programming needs </rdfs: comment ><Has need rdf: resource="&titlemodel Distributed programming lam mpi "/>owl: Thing >By this semantic information, the Service and Data link layers can support the
distributed programming communication using diï €erent approaches, as the ad -dressing proposal presented in 25.
Information technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Application Layer Structure. Recommendation X. 207-ISO/IEC 9545: 1993 (1993
27th Brazilian Symposium on Computer networks and Distributed systems -SBRC (2009 23 Pereira, J. H. S.,Kofuji, S. T.,Rosa, P. F.:
Distributed systems Ontology. In IEEE/IFIP New Technologies, Mobility and Security Conference (2009 24 Pereira, J. H. S.,Kofuji, S. T.,Rosa, P. F.:
Distributed Programming. In: 9th International Information and Telecommuni -cation Technologies Symposium (2010 26 Pereira, J. H. S.,Kofuji, S. T.,Rosa, P. F.:
-Peer Computing P2p 2010, Delft, The netherlands (August 2010 7. Bindal, R.,Cao, P.,Chan, W.,Medval, J.,Suwala, G.,Bates, T.,Zhang, A.:
Conference on Distributed computing Systems, Montreal, Canada (June 2006 Assessment of Economic Management of Overlay Traffic:
-tional Conference on Peer-to-peer Computing (P2p†09), Seattle, USA (September 2009 9. The Smoothit Project:
) MPTCP is an extension for end-hosts †it doesn†t require an upgrade to the routing system;
The operator upgrades its traffic management box so that it drops Conex traf -fic with a lower probability.
Only one party has to upgrade, ie the combined CDN-ISP. The Con -tent providers and consumers don†t know about Conex.
Therefore the ISP needs to upgrade two things. Firstly its traffic man -agement box: it needs to do occasional auditing spot-checks,
•There is no need to coordinate end users all having to upgrade. Every user can immediately use the new (virtualised) software, so effectively a large number of
Information systems Journal 14 (3), 265†294 (2004 5. Katz, M.,Shapiro, C.:Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities
Stability of end-to-end algorithms for joint routing and rate control Computer Communication Review 35,2 (2005
since there is no API (Application Programming Inter -face) for ASPS to affect how their traffic will be handled.
gestion control algorithm that gives the right incentives to users of bandwidth inten -sive applications.
Theoretical Aspects of Computer science 1999, pp. 404†413 (1999 13. MOBITHIN project: D2. 5 Business models, Public Deliverable
-puting, for instance, is built on shared resources and computing environments, offer -ing virtualized environments to individual tenants or groups of tenants, while execut
-ing them on shared physical storage and computation resources. The concept of Plat -form-as-a-Service provides joint development and execution environments for soft
-rity support in programming and execution environments for services, and suggest using rigorous models through all phases of the SDLC, from requirements engineer
1 Helsinki Institute for Information technology HIIT /Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland
routing algorithm, reach -ability, and Qos for the publication and may support transport abstraction specific
5th international workshop on Software engineering and mid -dleware, pp. 98†105 (2005 8. Merkle, R.:
-ment of Computer science and Engineering, Aalto University, School of Science and Technology (2010 Engineering Secure Future Internet Services
typically based on research in the areas of software engineering, of service engineering and security engineering. Generic solutions that ignore the
of new and unprecedented models for service-oriented computing for the Future Internet: Infrastructure as a service (Iaas), Platform as a service (Paas) and
service architectures and secure service design,(3) supporting programming en -vironments for secure and compose-able services,(4) enabling security assurance
composition and/or programming of working solutions. These three activities interact to ensure the integration between the methods
4 Security Support in Programming Environments Security Support in Programming Environments is not new; still it remains a
grand challenge, especially in the context of Future Internet (FI) Services. Secur -ing Future Internet Service is inherently a matter of secure software and systems
and (3) a broad range of programming technologies will be used to develop the actual software and systems
The search for security support in programming environments has to take this context in account.
be produced in earlier stages of the software engineering process cannot deliver the expected security value unless the programs (code) respect these security
Supporting security requirements in the programming †code †level requires a comprehensive approach. The service creation means must be improved and
as well as programming new services from scratch using a state-of-the-art programming language. The service creation context will typ
-ically aim for techniques and technologies that support compile and build-time feedback. One could argue that security support for service creation must focus
4. 2 Secure Service Programming Many security vulnerabilities arise from programming errors that allow an ex
-ploit. Future Internet will further reinforce the prominence of highly distributed and concurrent applications, making it important to develop methodologies that
Lock-free wait-free algorithms for common soft -ware abstractions (queues, bags, etc. are one of the most eï €ective approaches
These algorithms are hard to design and prove correct, error-prone to program, and challenging to debug.
Adherence to Programming Principles and Best-Practices. Program -ming support must include methods to ensure the adherence of a particular pro
-gram to well-known programming principles or best-practices in secure software development. Emphasis will be put on language extensions that guarantee adher
Obviously the security support in programming environments that must be delivered will be essential to incept a transverse methodology that
programming discipline. Internet applications can be validated through testing In that case, it is possible to develop test data generation that speciï cally targets
Complementing activities are related to secure programming. This strand addresses a comprehensive solution for program veriï cation,
-tion must complement programming-level veriï cation and testing in order to provide the ï nal assurance that the latter cannot deliver,
Metrics can be used directly for computing risks (e g.,, probability of threat occurrence) or indirectly (e g.,
based on research in the areas of software engineering, security engineering and of service engineering. We have clariï ed why generic solutions that ignore the
of the 22nd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer science, Washing -ton, DC, USA, pp. 350†357.
Irm enforcement of java stack inspection. In: Pro -ceedings of the 2000 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, WASHINGTON DC
Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, WASHINGTON DC, USA, p 253. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2007
Integrating Security and Software engineering: Advances and Future Vision, IDEA (2006 13. Group, O.:Security design pattern technical guide
Computer science Review 4 (2), 81†99 (2010 19. Le Guernic, G.,Banerjee, A.,Jensen, T.,Schmidt, D. A.:
they are no longer the result of programming components in the tra -ditional meaning but are built by composing services that are distributed over
Second, SOAS are also distributed systems, with functionality and resources distributed over several machines or processes.
-curity policies while computing an orchestration. The AVANTSSAR Platform for example, implements an idea presented in 11 to automatically generate
ï xed-point computations of static analysis. Thanks to the over-approximation these systems completely avoid the state-explosion problems of model checking
FM would promote a more secure development environment, a variety of prac -tical and cultural reasons lead the industrial world to perceive FM approaches
and (iii) the diï €erences between formal languages and models and those used in industrial design and development environments (e g.,
, BPMN, Java, ABAP The problem is how to make new, eï cient methodologies and technologies
accessible and readily exploitable, beneï tting industry designers and develop -ers. This amounts to migrating the research outcomes of the logical level into
be devised and migrated to the selected development environments A concrete example is the industry migration of the AVANTSSAR Platform
Logic and Algebraic Programming 70 (1), 96†118 (2007 20. Marconi, A.,Pistore, M.:Synthesis and Composition of Web Services.
Symposium on Foundations of Computer science, pp. 46†57. IEEE Computer So -ciety Press, Los Alamitos (1977
Cloud storage Technical Working group or the OGF Open Clouds Computing Interface Working group Trust and security are regarded often as an afterthought in this context, but
upgrades and patches, quick procurement services, avoidance of vendor lock ins and legacy modernization 18. Many cloudsourcers oï €er bundles of consulting
such as virtual machines, vlans, or SANS provide isolation. Sharing resources such as operating systems, middleware, or actual software requires a case-by-case
, trusted computing 21 or computations on out -sourced data 20 Trustworthy Clouds Underpinning the Future Internet 215
Another source of failure stems from the fact that large-scale computing clouds are built often using low-cost commodity hardware that fails (relatively
-cal solution is to use Trusted Computing to verify correct policy enforcement 6 Trusted computing instantiation as proposed by the Trusted Computing Group
TCG) uses secure hardware to allow a stakeholder to perform attestation, i e.,, to obtain proof of the executables
a computing cloud may use the services of a storage cloud. Unlike local data centers residing in a single country,
that aims to be closer to the vision of true utility computing. As such, it can rely
of the 2010 IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed computing Systems Workshops, WASHINGTON DC, USA. ICDCSW †10, pp. 77†81.
outsourcing computation without outsourcing control. In: ACM Workshop on Cloud computing Security (CCSW€ 09), pp. 85†90
-ceedings of the 41st annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing Bethesda, MD, USA. STOC †09, pp. 169†178.
the 4th International Workshop on Large scale Distributed systems and Middle -ware, Zuâ rich, Switzerland. LADIS †10, pp. 12†17.
-cure Outsourcing of Data and Arbitrary Computations with Lower Latency. In Acquisti, A.,Smith, S.,Sadeghi, A r. eds.
conference on Trust and trustworthy computing, Berlin, Germany, June 21-23 2010. LNCS, vol. 6101, pp. 417†429.
In the cloud users and businesses can buy computing resources (e g.,, servers services, applications) provided by the cloud,
-national Workshop on Policies for Distributed systems and Networks, pp. 22†29 2010 5. Karjoth, G.,Schunter, M.,Waidner, M.:
-ings of the 2006 international workshop on Software engineering for secure sys -tems. SESS †06, New york, NY, USA, pp. 51†58.
extensible access control markup language (xacml) version 3. 0, ex -tensible access control markup language (xacml) version 3. 0, oasis (August 2008
9. Shostack, A.,Syverson, P.:What price privacy? In: Camp, L.,Lewis, S. eds Economics of Information security, Advances in Information security, vol. 12, pp
Adaptive Admission Control and Resource Allocation Algorithms on the Federated Environment of Panlab†reports on experiments needing to directly interact with the
Resource Allocation Algorithms on the Federated Environment of Panlab Christos Tranoris, Pierpaolo Giacomin, and Spyros Denazis
Electrical and Computer engineering department, University of Patras Rio, Patras 26500, Greece tranoris@ece. upatras. gr, yrz@anche. no, sdena@upatras. gr
where an adaptive resource allocation algorithm was tested utilizing Panlab†s infrastructure. Implementation details are given in terms of building a RUBIS
called Federation Computing Interface (FCI) API which enables applications to access resources during an experiment
moving a designed algorithm from a simulating environment to near production best -effort environment and ii) to exploit the framework in such a way that will allow the
by means of Federation Computing Interface API to managed resource. We finally conclude this paper
Fig. 1. The setup for testing the algorithm The adaptive admission control and resource allocation algorithm is applied to suc
-ceed in specific target of network metrics, like round trip time and throughput. This will be done by deploying a proxy-like control component for admission control and
admission control and resource allocation algorithm is tested against network metrics like round trip time and throughput.
-gramming language that implements an admission algorithm. Figure 1 displays the 240 C. Tranoris, P. Giacomin, and S. Denazis
The algorithm, which is located at the proxy unit, needs to monitor the CPU usage of the Web application and Database
Then the algorithm should be able to set new CPU capacity limits on both resources.
Additionally the algorithm should be able to start and stop the work load generators on demand
-tor resources within the C algorithm. So the resources need to provide monitoring and provisioning mechanisms
â € A Linux machine for the hosting the algorithm unit, capable of compiling C and
Java software â € Linux machines for running XEN server where on top will run the RUBIS Web
The final user needs to provide the algorithm under test. He will just login to the
Virtual machines managed by a XEN server. The implemented RAS instantiate all these Virtual machines and configure the internal components according to end-user
needs. The work load generator exposes parameters such as: used IP for the testbed memory, hard disk size, number of clients, ramp up time for the requests and a pa
Java or other target language. RADL is useful in cases when there is a need to config
know about the IP of the proxy which hosts the algorithm. The proxy needs to know
The scenario during the experiment utilizes the Federation Computing Interface (FCI API that Panlab provides 5. Federation Computing Interface (FCI) is an API for
accessing resources of the federation. It is an SDK for developing applications that access VCT requested resources through the Panlab office services during operation
Fig. 5. Designing the algorithm to operate resources during execution In our testing scenario there is a need to configure resources
Figure 5 displays this condition where the System Under Test (SUT) is our algorithm FCI automatically creates all the necessary code that the end user can then inject in
code listing in Java //an example Java federation program public class Main {public static void main (String args
{//An example for VCT: academic07 academic07 myvct=new academic07 myvct. getuop rubis cl 91(.setramp up time("55000 "myvct. getuop rubis cl 91(.
Assuming that we have given the name academic07 for our VCT definition, the java listing displays how we can access the resources of this VCT.
FCI creates a java class called academic07()that we can instantiate in order to get access to the resources
Additionally, for each resource that participates in the VCT java classes are able to provide access.
the designed algorithms from simulating environments to near production environ -ments. What is really attractive is that such algorithms can be tested in a best-effort
environment with real connectivity issues that cannot be performed easily in simula -tion environments. The presented use case example demonstrated the usage of exist
similar approaches are really encouraging in terms of moving the designed algorithms from simulating environments to near production environments.
What is really attractive is that such algorithms can be tested in a best-effort environ
5. Federation Computing Interface (FCI), http://trac. panlab. net/trac/wiki/FCI Multipath Routing Slice Experiments in
2 University of Wuerzburg, Institute of Computer science, Wuerzburg, Germany thomas. zinner christian. schwartz phuoc. trangia@informatik. uni-wuerzburg. de
Java based platform that manipulates two independent entities, the first is ITGSEND process that undertakes the traffic generation
Adapter Description Language (RADL) 9 was used to generate source code for each Resource Adaptor (RA), where, for example, the Wimax network elements can be
Fig. 4. Decision-making algorithm for configuration action selection †Simple Fig. 4 presents the simple version of the decision taking scheme Firstly, the PER
Fig. 5. Decision making algorithm for configuration action selection †Advanced 266 A. Kousaridas et al The above figure (Fig. 5) illustrates the advanced version of the scheme presented
http://www. grid. unina. it/software/ITG/index. php 9. Resource Adapter Description Language http://trac. panlab. net/trac/wiki/RADL
universal means for communication and computation, there are still many unsolved problems and challenges some of which have basic aspects.
support interoperability between heterogeneous, complex and distributed systems while it should remain open for further and continuous improvement without the
http://rwi. future-internet. eu/index. php/Position paper 5. Afuah, A.,Tucci, C. L.:Internet Business models and Strategies:
Conference on Autonomic Computing and Communication systems, pp. 1†6 (2008 21. Raptis, T.,Polychronopoulos, C.,et al.:
The autonomic computing edge: Can you CHOP UP autonomic computing IBM Corporation (2008 30. Prehofer, C.,Bettstetter, C.:
Self-organization in Communication Networks: Principles and Design Paradigms. IEEE Communications Magazine 43 (7), 78†85 (2005
algorithm and strengthen the proof of concept. Finally, the article concludes with key findings and future work
In order to obtain some proof of concept for our network creation solution, a Java -based prototype has been developed
Pervasive and Mobile Computing 2, 65†84 (2006 6. Chen, H.,Wu, H.,Tzeng, N.:
6 Athens Information technology 7 SAP Research 8 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center 9 INRIA 10 University of Essex
the user†s premises or from the data repository to the computing resources When the Cloud will be adopted largely
dependency on information systems. The current Internet†s service paradigm allows service providers to authenticate resources in provider domains but
Enterprise Information system externally on a Cloud rented from a Software -as-a-Service (Saas) provider.
terms of provisioning of IT resources, where distributed computing and storage resources are scaled automatically up and down, with guaranteed high-capacity
path computation is performed by dedicated PCES that implements enhanced computation algorithms able to combine both network and IT parameters with
energy-consumption information in order to select the most suitable resources and ï nd an end-to-end path consuming the minimum total energy (see Sec. 5
plane is able to request the upgrade or downgrade of the virtual resources, in order to automatically optimize the VI€ s size to the current traï c load
eï cient routing algorithm (due to space limitations, the detailed algorithm is not 318 P. Vicat-Blanc et al
Fig. 6. Number of activated ï bers Fig. 7. Number of activated data centers shown here) from a networked IT use case:
4-6) indicate that our proposed algorithm can decrease the energy consumption by 10%compared to schemes where only IT infrastructure is considered and
-livering Computing as the 5th Utility. In: Proceedings of the 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, WASHINGTON DC
USA. CCGRID †09, p. 1. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2009 doi: 10.1109/CCGRID. 2009.97
A Path Computation Element (PCE)- Based Architecture. RFC 4655 (Informational)( Aug 2006), http://www. ietf. org/rfc
-edged to be the provision of IT capabilities, such as computation, data storage and software on-demand, from a shared pool, with minimal interaction or knowledge
⠀ Infrastructure as a service †offering resources such as a virtual machine or storage services ⠀ Platform as a service †providing services for software vendors such as a soft
6 See http://www. internet-of-services. com/index. php? id=274&l=0 Part VI:
could potentially be selected by choosing a virtual machine template which contains pre-loaded applications, but software layer considerations are considered not core to
SLA Manager whose role is to carry out the creation of the new virtual machines which constitute the service along with monitoring and reporting for that service
virtual machine has to connect and execute different tasks with core mobile network systems that are behind Telefã nica Software Delivery Platform (SDP.
2010), http://www. jie-online. org/ojs/index. php/jie/issue/view/8 3. Miller, B.:
The autonomic computing edge: Can you CHOP UP autonomic computing Whitepaper IBM developerworks (March 2008), http://www. ibm. com/developer
works/autonomic/library/ac-edge4 /4. Theilmann, W.,Winkler, U.,Happe, J.,Magrans de Abril, I.:
This work uses OWL as formal language for this communication, as the OWL was adopted by a considerable number of initiatives
-work communication used by the Autoi vcpi (Virtual Component Programming Interface) 13, allowing a localized monitoring and management of the virtual
Based on the Autoi Java open source, in the ANPI demo, the ANPISDD class is prepared to use the IP and
from the ANPISDD. java code 348 E. Santos et al public class ANPISDD extends Thread {private Serversocket server
-ities in its use in diï €erent programming languages, since the methods proposed would be available at the operating system level
Distributed systems Ontology. In IEEE/IFIP New Technologies, Mobility and Security Conference (2009 8 Pereira, J. H. S.,Kofuji, S. T.,Rosa, P. F.:
RDF*,SPARQL 4. Include links to other URIS, so that they can discover more things 1 http://developer. zemanta. com
/2 http://www. internet-of-services. com/index. php? id=288&l=0 3 http://www. internet-of-services. com/index. php?
id=260&l=0 Fostering a Relationship between Linked Data and the Internet of Services 353
SPARQL is a query language for RDF data which supports querying diverse data sources, with the results returned in the form of a variable-binding table, or an RDF
services provide means for the development of open distributed systems, based on decoupled components, by overcoming heterogeneity
development on the Web and on service discovery algorithms to provide a generic semantic service registry able to support advanced discovery over both Web APIS and
-sages using SPARQL graph patterns. While this is a design decision, it aims at the greatest familiarity and ease for Linked Data developers.
The authors of 26 use the SPARQL query lan -guage to formulate user goals, and to define the pre-and post-conditions of
-though, the use of SPARQL is similar across different proposals, how the patterns are exploited again offers alternative,
defining the dataflow between services within a process, defined again as SPARQL CONSTRUCT queries. Work is ongoing on graph pattern-based discovery and proc
Conference on Services Computing, July 2010, pp. 602†609 (2010 6. Berners-Lee, T.:Linked Data-Design Issues (July 2006), http://www. w3. org
Journal of Universal Computer science 16 (13), 1694†1719 (2010 11. Maleshkova, M.,Pedrinaci, C.,Domingue, J.:
IEEE Internet Computing 12 (5), 13†15 (2008 16. Phuoc, D. L.,Polleres, A.,Hauswirth, M.,Tummarello, G.,Morbidoni, C.:
SAWSDL and SPARQL. In: 4th Int†l Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid, De -cember 2008, pp. 205†212 (2008
Special algorithms are needed to reduce the amount of processing of MANE in the data plane based on deep analysis of the first packets of a
The evaluation algorithm considers the user flow characteristics CAN policies and present network conditions. In order to attain the required flexibil
network upgrades etc. User context is taken not into consideration by the Service or Content Provider (SP/CP) delivering the service (content),
School of Electronic Engineering and Computer science, Queen Mary University of London Mile end, London E1 4ns, United kingdom
The proposed solution is a variation of the"Give-To-Get"algorithm 8, already im
School of Electronic Engineering and Computer science Queen Mary University of London, UK {qianni. zhang, ebroul. izquierdo}@ elec. qmul. ac. uk
-tively easy to solve using the well-deï ned algorithms in the state-of-the-art, the mapping between mid-and high-level features are still diï cult.
and are extracted using algorithms with reasonable per -formance The rest of this chapter is organised as follows:
algorithms, and the richness, and subjectivity of semantics in high-level human interpretations of audiovisual mediaâ€.
constructed automatically using a learning approach based on K2 algorithm 8 which is basically a greedy search technique.
algorithm, a Bayesian network is created by starting with an empty network and iteratively adding a directed arc to a given node from each parent node
algorithm here. If the reader is interested in more details about this algorithm please refer to 8
Then in the inference stage, when an un-annotated data item is present, the Bayesian network model derived from the training stage conducts automatic
out using the K2 algorithm. The proposed approach was tested on a large size video dataset. The obtained results have shown that this approach was capable
operators and service providers such as networks, switching, computing and data cen -404 Part VIII: Future Internet Applications
and computing infrastructure as part of the Smart Grid. Related topics include the cost-effective deployment of supporting infrastructures such as sensors and meters
and focuses on heavy computing services dedicated to data centers powered com -pletely by green energy, from a large abundant reserve of natural resources in Canada
distributed, open computing will push forward new forms of innovation such as, and in particular, Open Innovation 3. The quest for continuous, systematic business
software engineering practices do not seem to meet. Therefore we need to orientate the research towards new ES architectures and development paradigms, when the role
development environments will be based on an evolution of MDA, being able to sepa -rate the specification and development of the (i) strategic business logic from the (ii
interfaces will foster new development environments conceived for business experts to directly intervene in the development process
to Service-oriented Computing, from Business Process Engineering to semantic tech -nologies and mash-up.
Traditionally, the software engineering community has devoted great attention to design approaches, methods and tools, supporting the idea that large software systems
This technical area is referred often to as Component Based Software engineering CBSE). ) The basic idea of software componentization is quite the same as software
CBSE laid the groundwork for the Object oriented Programming (OOP) paradigm that in a short time imposed itself over the preexisting modular software develop
given computation to take place; where it is performed or who is taking care of it is
In summary, Web services were introduced essentially as a computation resource transforming a given input to produce the desired output, originally without the need
-sents an innovative way to architect and remotely manage computing resources: this approach aims at delivering scalable IT resources over the Internet,
development environment (see Fig. 3), FINERS are represented visually in a 3d space that models the enterprise reality (i e.,
The computational resources of a FINES are maintained in the Computing Cloud and are linked recursively to compose complex FINERS starting from simpler ones.
where computation will be performed directly by enterprise com -ponents, mainly positioned in the enterprise itself of in the Cloud (typically, in case of
and maintaining large scale computing solutions simply interacting with a familiar (though technologically enhanced) business reality
27th International Conference on Information technology Inter -faces (ITI), Cavtat, Croatia, IEEE, Los Alamitos (2005 10.
Laboratory for Computer science (2003), http://www. isi. edu/newarch /15. Tselentis, G.,et al. eds.):) Towards the Future Internet-Emerging Trends from European
the heaviest computing services are dedicated to virtual data centers powered completely by green energy from a
and virtual machine consolidation techniques. However, a micro-level energy effi -ciency approach will likely lead to an overall increase in energy consumption due to
Unfortunately, many computing centers are not so close to green energy sources. Thus, green energy distributed network is an emerging technol
, such as hand-held devices, home PCS), the heaviest computing services will be dedicated to data centers powered completely by green energy.
output current for computing and networking devices. User applications are running on multiple Dell Poweredge R710 systems, hosted by a rack mount structure in an
then pushes Virtual machines (VMS) or software virtual routers from the hub to a sun or wind node (spoke node) when power is available.
-larly heavy-computing services. Based on this testbed network, experiments and re -search are performed targeting cloud management algorithms and optimization of the
intermittently-available renewable energy sources The cloud management solution developed in order to run the GSN enables the
-ware platform specific for dealing with the delivery of computing infrastructure 5 Figure 3 compares the layered architecture of the GSN with a general architecture
iv) Turning off computing resources at the original node. Indeed, solutions for the mi -gration of simple applications have been provided by many ICT operators in the market
The whole network is considered as a set of clouds of computing resources, which is managed using the Iaas Framework 5. The Iaas Framework include four main com
Open Services Gateway initiative) is a Java framework for remotely deployed service applications, which provides high reliability, collaboration, large scale distribution
-tions in the market focus particularly on computing resources, Iaas Framework compo -nents can be used to build network virtualized tools 6 10,
Foundation for Smart Communities advocated the use of information technology to 434 H. Schaffers et al meet the challenges of cities within a global knowledge economy 7. However, the
-mation about the feasibility of an algorithm or a protocol in the field In many cases, due to practical and outside plant constraints, a number of issues
-date their cutting-edge technologies (protocols, algorithms, radio interfaces, etc Several use cases are currently under detailed analysis for their experimental de
http://rwi. future-internet. eu/index. php/RWISESSION PRAGUE 13. COM: A public-private partnership on the Future Internet.
IEEE PERVASIVE computing, April-June (2007 18. Panlab Project, Pan European Laboratory Infrastructure Implementation http://www. panlab. net/fire. html
Security Support in Programming Environments Secure Service Composition Secure Service Programming Platform Support for Security Enforcement
Embedding Security Assurance and Risk management during SDLC Security Assurance Risk and Cost Aware SDLC Conclusion
A Use-Case on Testing Adaptive Admission Control and Resource Allocation Algorithms on the Federated Environment of Panlab
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