and sectoral diversity and/or clustering Skills & Education an analysis of the skills, educational attainment and education resources
The changing nature of sectors, high data volumes and information intensity, the increased use of graphics and video, interactive web
25 Internet data transfer capacities are growing at a fast rate. Fibre or enhanced cable technology are
For ease of comparison across regions, data tables are provided in the Appendix Border The Border region,
Key Data and Statistics †Border Border State Average Dublin Unemployment (Q1 2009) 11.7%10.2%8. 9
used in its production †latest available data is for 2006 FORFà S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDAS:
Key Data and Statistics-West West State Average Dublin Unemployment (Q4 2009) 11%10.2%8. 9
Key Statistics and Data-Midlands Midlands State Average Dublin Unemployment (Q4 2009) 11.7 10.2%8. 9
Key Data and Statistics †Southwest Southwest State Average Dublin Unemployment (Q4 2009) 9. 9%10.2%8. 9
'Green'Data Centres Biotech FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDAS: OVERVIEW, FINDINGS & ACTIONS 24 HEIS to consider work placement where students would take up opportunities in a
Key Data and Statistics †Midwest Midwest State Average Dublin Unemployment (Q1 2009) 11.4%10.2%8. 9
Key Data and Statistics †Southeast Southeast State Average Dublin Unemployment (Q4 2009) 11.4%10.2%8. 9
Key Data and Statistics-East Dublin Mideast State Average Unemployment (Q1 2009) 8. 9%9. 2%10.2
CSO, Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS) Database Direct Figure A2. 2: Unemployment rate 1997-2009 %Source:
CSO, QNHS Database Direct (all Quarter 4 except 2009 which is Q3 0 2 4
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct Foodâ andâ Drink 15%Pharmaceuticals 6 %Medicalâ Technologies 7 %ICTÂ Hardware
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct Figure A2. 5: GVA per capita and per person at work, 2006 (â
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 GVAÂ perâ capitaâ (â
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct Figure A2. 7: Productivity Levels as measured by GVA per worker (State=100
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct 1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct Table A2. 2: Entrepreneurial Activity by Region (2004-2008 Region
Baseline Data and Analysis: Southeast Region which provides an overview of the region today based on an analysis of quantitative and
and sectoral diversity and/or clustering Skills & Education an analysis of the skills, educational attainment and education resources
Data and Analysis for the region Figure 1: Factors of Competitiveness Overview †Population and Growth
to data centre capacity Foreign language skills will become increasingly important. However, the limited demand for language skills by the existing cohort of companies can result in reduced retention of
e g. bio/pharma manufacturing, data intensive services Recent major IDA project announcements in the Southeast region
1200-baud modem was slow by 2014†s gigabit broadband standards. But in terms of speed and
3d printing, augmented reality and an early government big data initiative to build a digital 117 surveillance system today called PRISM.
into their curricula through the fusion of augmented reality, big data and social media Augmented reality (AR) is a new medium of communication (Craig, 2013.
) The AR content embedded into the magazine includes a variety of 3d data-driven visualizations and animations to illustrate printed 2d scientific images.
Moreover, learning analytics based on such data are increasingly being incorporated across digital learning environments. Mobile devices such as
Research shows big data analytics are an effective tool to enable the professor to make instant adjustments to optimize learning and further diagnostics
Narrative science â€oetransforms data into stories and insights through its proprietary artificial intelligence authoring system. †The algorithms the system uses are highly effective and have
-formance required data that were unavailable from suitable secondary data sources. Hence, we used subjective
measures of performance provided by the respondent managers to capture firms†relative profitability and growth
The model fits the data strongly c2=123.40, df=81, p<.05; CFI=0. 99
all 144 economies as well as an interactive data platform are available at www. weforum. org/gcr
higher education and training), the data suggest a slight downward trend of its performance in higher education
•Collection of data on green technologies and smart ICT systems, suitable to be applied on the corridors to improve performance
A quantitative definition of these KPIS was considered not and few data about them were collected. Thus, these extra KPIS were excluded from the baseline
a) Quantitative data on the technology impact, validated against real-life per -formance; and b) Detailed data about corridor transport routes,
such as traffic volumes, fre -quency of service, delivery time and vehicle features Since such data were not available for all corridors, a limited set of benchmark
scenarios was produced based on the baseline transport chains (Sect. 2) and the green technology review 3. 1 Green Technology Survey and Qualitative Assessment
collecting data from manufac -turers, research and academic works, and the project consortium. The survey
-ogy-specific and it was based on publicly available manufacturer data, technology success stories and research project results.
and mapped to technology performance data 12. For instance, a green technology that reduces fuel consumption can poten
to lack of data about capital costs for some of the green technologies, the return of
including data about basic functionalities, cost, funding mechanisms, and other technical performance characteristics Step 4:
Other relevant data could be collected also Step 5: Based on step 4, inter alia, investigation of potential impact of ICT on the
a) Data necessary to quantitatively compute the ICT impact on corridors gen -erally proved to be difficult
other sources to reveal such data (if any), and non-homogeneity in data quality The problem of data availability (such as cargo flows) is recognised in the EU
In some cases, estimates of such data can be produced based on mathematical models. A fortiori, any linkage of such data with particular ICTS is even more
complicated b) In contrast to the green technologies (Sect. 3) that can have a direct and
tangible impact on the corridor KPIS, the impact of ICTS on the greening of a
corridor is of a different nature. For instance, an innovative propulsion system consumes less fuel, resulting in less CO2 and SOX emissions.
to collect data and evaluate the importance of a set of proposed ICTS •Adaptive speed control
benchmark scenarios, for which there was sufficient availability of data This work revealed the need for adequate and consistent statistical information on
 •Real data for costs and benefits evaluation and decision process  •Possible security issues
Infrastructure & Data Processing Integration of RES, storage and EV Planning monitoring and control Cost
data MV Autom Ancillary services provided by DSOS TD3 50 Ecogrideu TWENTIES Ecogrideu EDISON Ecogrideu
Infrastructure & Data Processing Integration of RES, storage and EV Planning monitoring and control Cost
 †Meter data collection, management and energy efficiency pilot project (2011 second half of year  †2014
1. Meter Data Management system implementation pilot project; 2. Energy efficiency pilot project; 3. Pilot project for testing of
data processing Integration of Smart Metering Monitoring and control of MV networks Automation and control of
metering data processing -Smart metering data processing-DSO integration of small DER -Infrastrucutre to host EV/PHEV
-DSO integration of small DER -Infrastrucutre to host EV/PHEV Integration of Smart Metering Integration of
-Smart metering data processing -Metering Infrastructure -Smart metering data processing Integration of Smart Customers Integration of Smart
Customers Integration of Smart Metering Integration of Smart Metering -DSO integration of small DER -System integration
Project data bases: can we have access indicate: access Yes/No; Websites: no single project websites-only websites with collected
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information Synopses books Scenarios Documents or Websites about National & regional
as project databases and/or summarised project description on websites or in ï documents (like synopses brochures/books.
agendas, roadmaps or detailed project databases and information about initiatives like technology platforms could be of much quicker and easier usability to identify
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Scenarios Available -Project synopses"Decentralised Generation and Smart Grids"2003-2007
data base with public access nor other documents/websites available about national and regional networks and platforms related to Smart Grids
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books-non Scenarios Available -Document of Capacities and Oportunities of the Basque Country (in
available online at the national R&d programme and projects database of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport (http://zprojekti. mzos. hr.
data base of all the projects with national funding Table 15 Scenarios, Project Information & Platforms in Croatia
Available-Project database of the national R&d Programme"Croatian Electric power System Sustainable Development "Later-Websites with collected project information at the Smart Grids platform website (available soon
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Croatiascenarios, Project Information& Platforms For the purpose of the development and implementation of a Smart Grids concept in
database (including Smart Grids related projects) exists, but it is not publicly accessible. But there exists a project data base for all Danish energy R&d projects
conducted since 1981 (see according link in Table 20. Additionally, there is a very detailed website called Energymap with projects and information of Smart Grids
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Data base of Danish all energy R&d projects since 1981
-Energymap: Project Information related to Smart Grids (English Scenarios Available -Heat pumps and Electric vehicles -Ecogrid. dk-project scenarios-now first SG prototype on Bornholm
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available Project, Programme and Funding information -Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication (www. mkm. ee:
Project data base -Estonian research portal (www. etis. ee/portaal/projektiinfo. aspx? lang=en Scenarios Available-Information exchange in the context of opening the electricity market
Estonian Research Portal-projects data base www. etis. ee/portaal/projektiinfo. aspx? lang=en ï 4. 6. Flemish Region
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -IWT SBO general feedback analysis (Flemish
Flanders in action-breaktroughs 2020 www. flandersinaction. be/nlapps/data/docattachments/Brochure%20via%20 (EN%20-%20april%202009.
There are no project data bases or specific websites with project information available. But there is one document available drawing scenarios
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-not available Scenarios Available-Energy efficiency in the European union:
In Table 35 the German project data base and scenarios are highlighted. So a data base with knowledge from and for the E-Energy Projects exist,
but it is not publicly accessible There are several scenarios available in the context of the Smart Grids development
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Internal workspace of the E-Energy Programme (accessible only for project
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Information about'Ricerca di Sistema'projects (2000-present
The most relevant website as regards the R&d project data base is the Latvian Council of Science database containing detailed information about fundamental and
applied research projects and State Research Programmes (www. lzp. lv Within the project"Information systems of electrical transmission and power
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Latvian Council of Science database Scenarios Available
-Project"Information systems of electrical transmission and power generation systems for supervision of sustainability in Latvia"(regional grid development
Latvian Council of Science database (Latvian) www. lzp. gov. lv/index. php? option=com content&task=blogcategory&id=19&itemid=53
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Project information within research areas of Nordic Energy Research
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Web-based project archive (RENERGI)( Norwegian
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Slovenian Current Research Information system-SICRIS -Links to English project descriptions on the website of the National
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Projects funded by CDTI (Centre for the Industrial Technology Development
Detailed information about single projects can be found in the Energy research data base of the SFOE (Swiss Federal office of Energy.
The data base is in English, but most project descriptions are not in English language Finally, a Position Paper of Smart Grids is available (compare also link in Table 66.
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Energy research data base (SFOE)( Project descriptions partly in English
Scenarios-Not available Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-Position paper smart grids
Other energy research databases www. bfe. admin. ch/forschungewg/02546/index. html? lang=en Federal energy research concept 2008-2011 (in
Energy research database (English) www. bfe. admin. ch/dokumentation/energieforschung/index. html? lang=en Position Paper Smart Grids (German
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Project data base (access, but project descriptions in Dutch
Scenarios Available-"Beelden van de elektriciteitsvoorziening in 2050",scenarios in chapter 1. 2 of the Energierapport 2008
Project data base (access, but project description in Dutch) http://www. senternovem. nl/projecten/eos/index. asp?
But no public access to the database is foreseen. The institution mainly dealing with Smart Grids issues is the Turkish Electricity Transmission
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-TUBITAK National Research Infrastructure Information Sytem;
data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission†s behalf may be
data †open data. Open data increases awareness and coordination, creates new opportunities for innovation,
and strengthens inclusion, participation and ultimately, human well-being Society, economy, and even human psychology itself are undergoing an irreversible change, which we as citizens and
open data to create more transparency around public spending. We call this Digital Social Innovation (DSI
Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces
All data is plotted on a map that visualises radia -tion levels in a given geographical area,
Open data: This refers to innovative ways of opening up, capturing, using, analyzing and interpreting data
Opencorporates (OC) provides a good example of the opportunities in open data. It was set up to in the wake of the financial
crisis to make information about companies and the corporate world more transparent and accessible. It has grown since to
become the largest open database of companies in the world, including data on 60 million companies and their subsidiaries
and searchable maps and visualizations. OC is used widely by journalists and governments seeking to understand global
decentralised environment for open data 3. Educate a technology-savvy multidisciplinary workforce, and use all their powers
data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge; and they give rise to new DSI areas such as:(
Open Data Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s Screenshot of the crowdmap www. digitalsocial. eu
Open Data Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s 1 2 3
of scientific data allows for some scientific research to be conducted by nonprofessional scientists; new ways of making
cognitive mapping based on real-time data analysis and visualisation There have been lots of attempts to har -ness collective intelligence to address
of environmental data, where people col -lectively identify their own high-carbon intensive behaviour, then brainstorm and
amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge 17growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
-mitting data coming from people, sensors the environment and objects themselves However, we cannot expect the Internet
-etary social networks, big data providers implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us
-cess to social data held on third-party sites and permissions to get into proprietary †app stores. †The lack of standards forces
hands of a few data aggregators, none of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search
while the value of big data is often only associated with efficiency and profitability big data can also be used for social good
to improve public services and stimulate inclusive innovation 1. 3 DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FUTURE
Big data can also be used for social good, to improve public services and stimulate inclusive innovation 18 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
open knowledge, data storage and ana -lytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and bio
-metric and sensor data. The amount of data produced by open platforms and used for social innovation is dwarfed still
by the amount of data collected on propri -etary platforms, with the danger that much of this data is not available for the social
good. For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google
and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives Take for example the commercial success of Google:
Google has built already one of the world†s largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results
and can repurpose their technology in or -der to expand into other data-driven ser
-vices in order to increase their value, profit and marketability. For example, the com -pany is now pushing into smart watch
environmental data, which raises signifi -cant issues of privacy and competition Right now few of these opportunities are
all data-driven services, this threatens the ability of the European innovation system to compete
the network, service and data layer. We emphasize the importance of building European public distributed, privacy-aware architectures that can provide the underlying open digital
The development of open data federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social
Making data available as part of a common distributed and decentralised architecture open to all, allow new entrants to aggregate data
on demand and create new services. Competition based on open standards, protocols and formats are essential to deploy interoperability between data
devices, services and networks. This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial
appropriating users†data and discriminating network traffic. By centralising computing, data storage and service provision (via the Cloud), and
by striking strategic alliances between the largest Over-The-Top (OTT) iand largest network operators
NSA data-gate showed that intelligence agencies and governments have been engaging in mass surveillance operations, with huge implication on civil
used to capture data on DSI organisa -tion via www. digitalsocial. eu. We have mapped 1000 DSI organisations and 630
Data is categorised by 1. A typology of organisations (e g Government and public sector organi -sations, businesses, academia and re
e g. open data, open networks, open knowledge, open hardware 4. The area of society the organisa
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and
-matic clustering of DSI organisations is emerging, grouping activities into 6 macro clusters that capture the way
data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born
send open data information requests to Spanish public bodies Goteo SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
results in open business, open government or open data. Projects like Open source Ecology are promoting a shift towards a more sustainable lifestyle
open source software and open data. Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting
Openspending is a data sharing community and web application that aims to track every government and corporate financial
transaction across the world and to present that data in a useful and engaging form.
Anyone interested in spending data of any kind is invited to contribute data to the Openspending data
andâ CKAN, the biggest repository of open data in Europe, which is underpinning a new
now able to aggregate data coming from people and the environment in order to create a new generation
data and open sensor networks that are changing the provision and delivery of public services;
-ning to aggregate the layers of data that increasingly permeate the urban environment, in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioural change9
and freely share their radiation measurements in open data sets. The overarching aim of Safecast
is to encourage people to actively contribute to the generation of a body of data that might alleviate environmental problems
decided to take part in surfacing data on radiation levels across Japan, caused by the meltdown at the power plant.
were massive holes in the public radiation data sets available. As a response to this, the team developed the bgiegie Geiger
-work where bgiegie owners could share the data they were collecting. Safecast then worked with hackerspaces and used
use GPS technology to timestamp the data and log the location. All Safecast data is uploaded to an open data set, which
visualises radiation levels across Japan. To date, the Safecast network has used the Geiger counter to map more than 13
and organise crisis data from a variety sources, such as social media, sensors or even quasi-real-time data.
The hope is that the quick and easy access to real-time crisis data will make it
easier for organisations and developers to quickly to build their own applications without the need to spend days locating
identifying and processing data, thereby enabling much quicker responses to crises such as Ebola or conflicts
Many activities in this area exploit the power of open data, open APIS, and citizen sci
-ence such as Open Data Challenge and Open Cities that provide citizens with better public services, or Citysdk which is defining interoperable interfaces for city-scale
open data, free and open software and open hardware Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising
The Open Data Institute†s start up programme, which has supported organisations like Open Corporate and Provenance
to grow their open data projects, is one of them. 13 Although incubators and accelerators have been always around, their pres
The Open Data Institute (ODI) OPEN DATA ACCELLERATOR Traditional business accelerators offer advice and resources to fledgling firms to help
up public data sets Delivering or partnering with DSI services Delivering services Providing funding for
open knowledge, open data, open net -works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have
such as open data, open networks, open hardware and open knowledge, are be -ing harnessed by digital social innova
data to share and analyse the data cap -tured across all of the Geiger counters Within these broader technology areas
we have been identifying a variety of more specific technologies and activities adopted by DSI activities such as:
big data, machine learning, 3d print -ing, online learning and e-petitions The main technological trends in DSI
and to pass their data through the network to a single or replicated data -processing location.
An open sensor network (OSN) is a wireless sensor network that manages open information in an open environment.
The open sensor network connects the sensor with the data repository where the information is processed
as it uses public data from different sensors and forwards the gathered information to the central point within a
Sensor networks are the key infrastructures of a smart city, providing basic data on the
fed by open data from the OSN A number of European cities have established sensors that detect traffic density and
order to provide external parties a single point to consume this data For instance, Smart Santander demonstrates the potential of creating large networks
of the digital economy due to the †democratisation†of the access technologies, reducing the price and complexity in setting up wired or wireless links
OPEN DATA Innovative ways to capture use, analyse, and interpret open data coming from people and
from the environment The explosion of new types of data analytics and machine learning means that it is no
longer only government or corporate forecasters who have the opportunity to access and analyse data.
By making data open, governments and other large organisations and companies that hold or generate data about society have the opportunity to enable
citizens to hold government to account for what it spends, the contracts it gives and the assets it holds
Local authorities are playing a leading role in implementing open data policies and driving forward the open data movement.
The social benefits of open government vary from citizen engagement to increased transparency and accountability, as well
as enhanced interaction between governments, other institutions, and the public. For instance, citizens are gaining greater insight into how their tax payments are being spent
Beyond the social aspects, open data also supports public sector innovation by break -ing the competitive advantage gained by proprietary access to data
and data lock in Innovation is most likely to occur when data is available online in open, structured
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
and that communities are entitled to share the value and social benefits of public assets. Thus, open data, together with
open and standardised APIS is crucial for open innovation, as developers are able to access and use public data and mesh it with other sources of data produced by the
crowd to build novel applications that have a social utility Another important trend, boosting the diffusion of open data is the increasing number
of mobile devices. Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
For instance, the city of Vienna has, with its Open Data in Vienna programme demonstrated the potential in opening up its data.
The city opened its data records to the population, businesses and the scientific community. Released data ranges from
statistics and geographic data on traffic and transport to economic figures. It then in -vited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data
which to date have resulted in more than 60 applications for citizens. Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis
on the Meiraha project, which focuses on opening up and visualising the Estonian budget. The citizen science project Globe at Night is yet another example of this
where citizens using the camera and geo-tagging functions on their smartphones help the research project measure global levels of light pollution,
data and citizen science 42 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Helsinki Region Infoshare OPEN DATA FOR REGIONS
Through an entity called Helsinki Region Infoshare34, Helsinki and three of its neighbouring cities publish all of their data in
formats that make it easy for software developers, researchers, journalists and others to analyse, combine or turn into web
The movement for more and better open data has grown significantly over the last few years through projects funded by the European commission, such as City SDK that help cities to standardise
open data portals. In the United states, the cities of Chicago, San francisco, Philadelphia and New york are only a few of the examples worth mentioning.
set up open data websites at the regional level that can be considered good practices and in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, the city of Barcelona is leading Multicouncil
Open Data Open Data Challenge OPEN DATA FOR REGIONS There are several examples where Governments and the developer communities interact.
One of them is the examples of competitions and challenges. One of Europe†s biggest open data competitions is the Open Data Challenge15.
It was organized by the Open Knowledge Foundation, the Openforum Academy and Share-PSI. eu. It offered 20,000 Euros in prizes to win and
Price Visualization, Better Data Award, Open Data Award, and Talis Award for Linked data. In total, 13 awards were given
There are many other competitions, such as Apps4finland16, the biggest European apps contest organized since 2009 and
Apps for Amsterdam promoted by the City of Amsterdam to make accessible to developers and citizens the data of the City
emerged, such as Apps for Goodi or the Open Data Institute†s (UK) open data training
itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit. The kit is an electronic board based on the Arduino
equipped with sensors that capture data on air quality, temperature, noise, humidity and light. The board also contains a Wifi
antenna that enables the direct upload of data from the sensors in real time. A number of cities, including Manchester in the
UK and Amsterdam in The netherlands, have shown an interest in supporting citizens to monitor environmental data and have
and measure data about real-world activity. This is possible due to the increasing number of powerful smart personal devices, which facilitate the
personal and social data in massive data centres. This can also mean increased surveil -lance, prediction and control of people and the environment.
allocation, the best possible decision making based on a real time data and information from open sources and the best possible alignments of my local providers with the
Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe
Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe
streams of data from interviews to social media into a central repository capable of giving a †big picture†of European DSI
Using the network data, stored as W3c Linked Data at http://data. digitalsocial. eu in combination with our hybrid iterative
strategy of case study interviews, work -shops and events relevant to these com -munities, we have identified DSI actors as
Open data for open access is the last dense community (4. 95 per cent), with
working on open data, such as Salford in the UK. Interestingly, although the open hardware network is the smallest overall
-munities, such as those around open data are connected developing communities Nonetheless, the vast majority of commu
such as those of open data, open knowl -edge, open hardware and open networks Even if an organisation is not central and
-bining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks 56 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
data (turquoise Successful actors in DSI have managed to leverage large networks using the Internet in order to accomplish innova
social innovation in the data in Figure 4 at least for organisations with more than 3 connections.
Looking at the data, if we want a single scaling European DSI network, an additional magnitude more of
Big data and cloud computing Collective awareness platforms collective intelligence CENTRALISED TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS DISTRIBUTED COMPETITION ECONOMIC ENTERESTS
A EU Big data strategy is becoming a pri -ority for the competitiveness of European industries.
Public Private Partnership on big data with industry. The focus is driven business with little attention to societal challenges
for the creation of an open data incuba -tor within Horizon 2020 aims to help SMES
Big data and cloud computing Collective awareness platforms collective intelligence CENTRALISED TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS DISTRIBUTED COMPETITION ECONOMIC ENTERESTS
information and sensor data to improve collective wellbeing Furthermore, there are initiatives in the area of open access, such as Global System
identity and payment data Many US companies have patents on identity, social and payment data.
There is a need to require the European Public sector and EC funded projects to not fall into this trap
and provide open data sets in particular on social identity and payment. Public data sets will remove barriers for social
innovators who often rely too much on proprietary data 2. EU public Digital ID with
citizen control Create a European standardised public digital ID for all citizens with guidelines and rules to
Big data and cloud companies but also States have a lot of control over an individual†s online identity
open data distributed repositories, distributed cloud, distributed search decentralised social networking public identity management and encrypted email service
open data, ubiqui -tous broadband Enabling some of the radical, disruptive innovations emerging from digital SI †new
Open data Privacy-aware technologies and encryption Federated identity management Data control and data ownership
The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality
Open data Privacy-aware technologies and encryption Federated identity management Data control and data ownership
The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality
waste, data to education. In 2014 Nesta revived the 300 year old Longitude Prize and
The Open Data Challenge Series42 is a collaboration between Nesta and the Open Data Institute and has been very suc
-cessful, attracting developers and social entrepreneurs to develop innovative solutions to social challenges using open data
The European Social Innovation Challenge44 was launched by the European commission in 2013 in memory of Diogo
-serving citizens†rights and data protec -tion. One of the first steps of DSI policy implementation should be to integrate
-ve transparency/open data and privacy /data protection as complementary issues and not as opposites. In fact, the right
in both legal frameworks (such as data protection) and technologies (such as en -cryption) should apply to individual citi
-tween data, devices, services and networks Standards will enable new business models for co-operation between multiple stake
so that innovators can build data mashups on top of a distributed data infrastructure (technological neutrality) without fear of unfair licens
-ing issues Open standard licences, for exampleâ Creative Commons (CC) licencesâ could allow the reuse of PSI without the need to develop
tool that allows the waiving copyright and database rights on PSI, it ensures full flex
-ers who have the right to use the future Internet infrastructure (including both data in
All functionality must be exposed by way of open APIS51 that expose data using open standards.
User data and metadata should be represented in open formats such as XML52 and RDF53 (which includes Linked Data54 and SPARQL end-points55.
OPEN DATA People are not passive consumers of the data, but actively engaged in producing it.
primary advantage of open data is that it prevents the concentration power by leverag -ing asymmetries of information and differentials of access.
Open access to data would enable developers to create applications and services built on freely acquired data, as
long as they respect provisions in the license. Private data should also have its privacy
dimension encoded using open standards and the correct licensing, as well as clear requirements for how to access this data
and determine its ownership, both by vendors and end-users. This should include the right to remove data by its creators
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 75 The preservation of Net Neutrality56 is a crucial to define
and governments should treat data traffic equally. Net neutrality protects freedom of expression and freedom of information online, reasserts the principle of fair
data policies. The directive provided an EU-wide framework for governments, at all levels, to begin opening data.
The European Commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately â 40 billion per annum.
European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data
Although changes in the European legal framework in the field of transparency and open data have already been implemented
over their social data and sensitive information, to make it easier for businesses to innovate on top of the infrastructure.
role of data brokers64 will be crucial for understanding the future of bottom-up digital economies. New forms of data control and data collective ownership by citizens
should be encouraged. For instance, in the UK, the government backedâ Midataâ pro -gramme is encouraging companies to bring data back to public control, while the US
has introduced green, yellow and blue buttons to simplify the option of taking back your data (in energy, education and the Veterans Administration respectively
76 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe DATA CONTROL AND DATA OWNERSHIP PRIVACY-AWARE
TECHNOLOGIES AND ENCRYPTION An important effort towards a federated identity system Is federated the W3c Social Web Working Group58 to develop
standards to make it easier to build and integrate social applications. These standards will give citizens greater control over
their own social data, allowing them to share their data selectively across various systems. The federated web standards will
User data is moving more and more into the †Cloud†and people are getting their music
The aggregated data extracted from the analysis of our identities (what companies define as â€oesocial graphsâ€) and behavioural patterns of the
In this context, the infrastructure should preserve the right of data-portability57, and prevent lock in, therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the
management, fully respecting the users†privacy and ownership of the data Personal data stores There are also new available solutions, such as Mydex, Qiy,
receive guidance on data anonymisation and pseudonymisation. This should prevent any unauthorised collection processing and tracking of personal information
This includes the need for distributed data repositories and management systems, distributed secure Clouds, distributed search, and federated social networking
or by the Open Data Institute (ODI) and Open Knowledge Foundation on open data, and by organisations such as Tactical tech or Open Rights Group on privacy and digital rights
Most reports about innovation refer to GDP and financial return as one of the main in
or analysing existing data sets to understand the extent of the social issue •Online responses to the proposed service from partners or potential
draw upon existing data and research from other sources Level 2 You are gathering data that shows
some change amongst those using your product /service At this stage, data can begin to show effect but
it will not evidence direct causality. You could consider such methods as: pre and post survey
standardisation of delivery and you will need data on costs of production and acceptable price point
The Global Open Data Index developed by the Open Knowledge Foundation80 and the Webindex developed by the World
statistical sources for measuring input (such as firm level micro data, R&d statistics, labour force survey), which could evolve
à Explore DSI specific indicators such as Open Data access, digital skills and proliferation of open source projects or creative commons licenses
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the digital economy and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in
As an example, the Fukushima prefecture in Japan hosts a map of the Safecast data on its website, and in
what public data is, and the question of who controls it, is becoming more important.
Thus data portability, federated identity management and trust frameworks should be encouraged. Defining sensible governance modalities for the data infrastructure and the DSI ecosystem will require a large col
-laboration between public and private Ultimately, just as in science and technology, innovation in society needs carefully crafted investment and support.
The incubator programme run by the UK€ s Open Data Institute and the DSI accelerator programme run by Bethnal Green Ventures have demonstrated potential in how models developed to support
/open-data-challenge-series 44 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise /policies/innovation/policy /social-innovation/competition
/documents/reports/data-brokers -call-transparency-accountability -report-federal-trade-commission-may -2014/140527databrokerreport. pdf 65 http://www. citizenme. com
Brendan Lea (2013) â€oeopen Data Institute Annual Summit 2013†online Flickr Open Data Institute Knowledge for
Everyone. Available from: https://www flickr. com/photos/ukodi/10590223144 /in/photostream/Accessed 29th january 2015
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