Keupp and O. Grassmann, Determinants and Archtype Users of Open Innovation, R&d Management, 30/4 (2009), pp. 331,341 4 Figure 1:
from designing user interfaces for new products and services through to researching market entry strategies or prior art searches. •Provide access to specialist people and facilities (from interim CEOS to product testing/accreditation).
and signposts the user to relevant agencies. We acknowledge that the development of this website could be a substantial undertaking.
and ï§To demonstrate the SME Online Tool at 10 events nationwide, increase the cumulative number of unique users,
ï§Significant energy related developments such as the substantial number of data centres that are major users of energy with green credentials
building on the success of the SEAI/EI/SBIR for multi-user electricity charging in 2014.
Furthermore there is also an increased emphasis on exploring how different initiatives can be combined to enhance the potential benefits to the end user, the SMES.
and the consolidation of legislation can enhance the administrative system for up to 45,000 users. Overall, it is by taking such small,
HSA) 231 Extend the number of HSA health and safety e-learning modules and increase user numbers, providing more cost effective solutions to the training of employees, managers and students.
and regularly updated which will outline, in industry and user friendly terms, Ireland†s current offering in the area of manufacturing across areas such as skills programmes, production innovation supports, research facilities, researcher supports,
at 10 events nationwide in 2015 ï§To increase the cumulative number of unique users of the SME online tool ï§To register an increase in the awareness of the SME Online tool (as reported in the credit
of the SME Online tool N/A 30,228 unique users during 2014 10.3 Increase take-up of the new Credit Guarantee Scheme 4 10.4 Increase take-up of the Micro
either new to the field, sector, region, market or user, or to be applied in a new way;
Social innovation should be more effective than existing solutions by creating a measurable improvement in terms of outcomes (i e. quality, levels of user-satisfaction,
and also by new roles for users and beneficiaries; 7) Better use of assets and resources:
000 users/contributors from 35 countries and receives on average 7, 000 visits a month. It has become a reference portal in Europe,
abdellatif. miraoui@utbm. fr). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIA. 2012.2199730 in the distribution milieu since the latter has traditionally been considered as user end points of service,
informing end users of all required pricing parameters. 9) Communications: The intelligent functioning of the smart grid depends on the capability to support a communication layer in tandem with an energy delivery layer in the grid. 10) Fault tolerance/self-healing:
, a time-varying pricing at the end-user level, different from the state of the art of tariffs. Dynamic pricing,
Communication and user interfaces will be pervasive, and the integration with the new web of things will allow individual home
and sensing systems that will allow any user to interact with any other one on the electrical network.
notwithstanding the avatar of this smart grid, which will be a function of the policies shaping this evolution,
efficient chemical management system Turntoo (NL) is an intermediary making pay for-use agreements between users and manufacturers in relation to washing machines, carpeting, tiles, furniture, lighting and power monitoring.
which involves a vehicle fleet of â€oesmarts†that are registered accessible to users at all times. The main concept is that cars can be spontaneously â€oehired†(customers use a chip to unlock the car),
The Limas Websuite assessment tool enables the user to: Determine the applicability and compliance with the environmental legis-•lation affecting the sector, for example the WEEE, Rohs,
or users to change behaviour e g. reduction in energy in the use phase. Designers may choose to explore user-centred design approaches to help customer
and/or users reduce their environmental impacts. Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches. 43 eco-innovation observatory Business case for eco-innovation Identify the appropriate focal areas of eco-•design for your products
and services. For example, Philips†as an electronics company†explores opportunities to improve product-related environmental performance in six focal areas:
working prototypes with customer representatives to confirm the likely environmental performance related to typical user-behaviour.
or user-infor-•mation will enable low-impact behaviours? are marked materials, also with recycling information?
Modular product structure  Strong product-user relation  What problems arise in the recovery and disposal of the product?
and user behaviour •is important. User behaviour may be a strong determinant of a product†s environmental impact e g. reducing energy consumption in the use phase of product†s lifecycle is a key area with consumer electronics or â€oewhite goodsâ€.
Companies need to address environmental •aspects at all stages of the customer experience: Awareness†how do we raise awareness •about products and services?
The user-centred digital end-to-end media challenges both traditional media and Big New Media regimes.
DG Enterprise funds a social innovation platform (circa 5000 users) and organizes a competition in honour of social innovator Diogo Vasconcelos.
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
their partners, project users and European citizens. It is based on previous research in the field
To analyse any changes in CAPS users'attitudes and behaviours a Stated Preference methods and Revealed Preference methods will be used
The first one is dedicated to CAPS projects coordinators and partners and the second one to CAPS users.
In parallel, CAPS users will be invited to fill in the UDGI, which looks like an online questionnaire and investigates the CAPS benefits from the point of view of their users.
The information gathered by the UDGI will appear in the SAT: each CAPS project will be able to see the opinions of its users in an aggregated,
anonymous way and it will be possible to compare the results of their self-assessment with the point of view of their users.
A third online tool, the Impact4you platform will present CAPS outputs to European citizens which will be invited to provide their opinions on those outputs by answering few questions.
IA4SI team believe that for CAPS project it will be important to have feedbacks from their direct users and from general European citizens and that this 10 information
where the issue is about bringing innovation on the market from producers to users, through deployment stages.
the involvement of SMES as users in the standardisation process appears essential to guaranteeing that developed standards are easy to use for SMES afterwards. •Global market access and international standards.
you may use my patented technology for free. †Highly effective for users of standard. However, some IP holders will avoid the SSO like the plague,
Unilateral, ex-ante (F) RAND â€oei will license my essential patents at (F) RAND terms, no worse than $10/unit plus exclusive grantback for 5 years. †For users
For users of standards very effective but for technology providers a heavy burden. Joint ex ante negotiations Actual negotiation of licensing terms at the outset of the process.
high professional quality of healthcare, shorter waiting time, a high level of user satisfaction, better information about service and quality, efficient use of resources and freedom of choice. 13
User guide and Model declaration, Publications Office of the European commission. EIU (2004: Scattering the seeds of invention:
and planning. pdf. txt) € Innovation studies in the 21st century questions from a users
G#1v 7862 User G#2v 7863 End user 0#3#end user End user G#2v 7864 User
0#3#user User G#2v 7865 User friendly 0#3#user friendly User friendly G#2v 7866 User interface
G#3v 7867 Avatar 0#4#avatar Avatar G#3v 7868 Graphical user interface 0#4#graphical user interface Graphical user interface
G#3v 7869 User interface 0#4#user interface User interface G#3v 7870 Wysiwyg 0#4#wysiwyg Wysiwyg
G#1v 7891 Wearable computing 0#2#body borne computer Wearable computing 0#2#wearable computer Wearable computing 0#2#wearable computing Wearable computing
0#2#wearable devices Wearable computing G#0v 8461 MINING G#1v 9713 Asteroid mining 0#2#asteroid miner Asteroid mining
0#2#asteroid mining Asteroid mining G#1v 9714 Atmospheric mining 0#2#atmospheric mining Atmospheric mining G#1v 9715 Automated mining
0#2#automated mining Automated mining G#1v 8463 Bioleaching 0#2#bioleaching Bioleaching G#1v 9716 Biomining
0#2#biomining Biomining G#1v 8468 Coal G#2v 8469 Anthracite 0#3#anthracite Anthracite
G#2v 8470 Bituminous coal 0#3#bituminous coal Bituminous coal 0#3#black coal Bituminous coal G#2v 8471 Burning coal
0#3#burning coal Burning coal G#2v 8472 Coal 0#3#coal Coal G#2v 8473 Coal fired
G#3v 8474 Coal fired 0#4#coal fired Coal fired G#3v 8475 Coal fired power 0#4#coal fired power Coal fired power
G#3v 8476 Coal fired power plant 0#4#coal fired power plant Coal fired power plant G#3v 8477 Coal fired power stations 0#4#coal fired power stations Coal fired power stations
G#3v 8478 Coal fired electricity 0#4#coal fired electricity Coal fired electricity G#2v 8479 Coal industry 0#3#coal industry Coal industry
G#2v 8480 Coal plant 0#3#coal plant Coal plant G#2v 8481 Lignite 0#3#lignite Lignite
G#2v 8482 Subbituminous coal 0#3#subbituminous coal Subbituminous coal G#2v 8483 Wood coal 0#3#wood coal Wood coal
user-charges based income. TEN-T projects that have an appropriate level of private finance participation are eligible for LGTT operation
direct user fees. Capital and project development costs are funded with issue bonds or other debt.
The loan will be paid back with user-charges from the road and rail operators. Germany participates in the project by renovating its existing
Part of the financing comes in a form of user charges; the train companies pay a fixed charge
standard, high environmental and aesthetical standards and good road user services. Annual compensation from Norwegian Public Roads Administration to
User charges are one option and highly supported by Commission. The structure of user bases varies in every transport mode
and that has an impact to user charges applicability and usefulness. That must be taken into consideration when user
39/38 Best practices in transport infrastructure financing 1/23/2013 The Baltic Institute of Finland/BSRP Transport Cluster
chargers are being discussed. Even though road tolls are a good practice at roads, it is much more difficult to gather user charges for example in railways because the
user base is restricted more and constructed differently One of the EU€ s solutions for transport infrastructure financing is PPP.
The increased engagement of private sector is one of the actions that promote competitive and
demonstrate user charges are applied already in road sector and they create a vital part of PPP projects†revenues.
and safety and security of users are crucial factors when EU funds are allocated Source http://eur-lex. europa. eu/Lexuriserv/Lexuriserv. do?
or the characteristics of the users were not carefully taken into account and they will not be able to incorporate the would-have been
However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use
30 september 2014 Case study analysis report of online collaboration and networking tools for social innovation Deliverable 8. 3 of the
which final users and communities collaborate through digital platforms to produce solutions for a wide range of social needs that have failed to be met by existing solutions
that, for example, it is assumed not that â€oefinal users and communities†necessarily themselves use digital tools,
This means that development costs are shared amongst all users, thus keeping the price low. It is also implies that the ICT is generally easy to use as it is can often become a standard
supplier of the user) prior to or during use to include very specific features only required by the
user. This means that development costs are borne largely by the user alone, thus the price
tends to be high. It is also implies that the ICT generally requires special training for use as it is
-80,000 users, 13. 7m potential, 9 FTES, across UK Eslife (ES) 19 Flexible work matching for
-Private funding, civil partners & users, private operation -Neighbourhood-based, can be used anywhere, thousands of users
Creating and doing work Mission Leben (DE) 21 Providing people with a mental illness with work, improving their
bridging types) amongst user communities. All three cases also started as mainly small world networks in specific localities,
at the user interface in the Mission Leben case targeting disadvantaged users, though this is less critical in the Soe case aimed at graduate students.
module, and all required human supervision is kept simple and user friendly. For example people with a mental illness do not have to read
very simple at the user interface, can be challenging for people with a mental illness. In the CSE
capital amongst user communities. All three cases also started as mainly small world networks, but
helping authorities improve public transport by establishing a platform where users can submit their ideas for change, 29 maintaining public property on a platform where people can show which
-Public, insurance & user funding, initiated by private sector, public -private-civil & university research partnerships, many local volunteers
Users can also take and send photos to illustrate the problem if it is tangible.
block set†up so can be implemented in unique ways as desired for individual users. Viedome is
user can live as independently as possible as well as integrate into the community, but personalising the package around care, comfort, safety, information, support and advice
case and mostly organised by the user and his/her community themselves, although often in
organisations to gather impact stories from service users, local community activism and participation was increased, and 64 reports have been collated online to date
-services based on user journey mapping using ethnographic techniques such as observing what people actually do. Critical is developing a clear †sense of place†through a strong geographic focus
at least until the user is fully competent and confident. The drivers for the Viedome case include joining the commercial TKH
capturing user needs and involving users in the design and delivery of new services. Also important
is that the actors in the project, especially the public sector, need to demonstrate a long term
generate real social benefits in collaboration with users. This also involves innovation and taking calculated risks,
-making about how care budgets are used to local authorities and the individual users. Building on this, the Mextal company†s complementary bottom-up vision, approach
The transition from services at a distance to user-generated functionalities and content in intelligent homes actually means the transition from supply-oriented services to demand-driven
a multidimensional user network. This kind of approach is embedded also within a community concept where multiple organisations are active in supplying both services and technology
These concepts work only if the user fully integrates the community technology and services into his/her life pattern,
if they have a positive effect on the user, and if they are focused individually and controllable by the user.
Again, the TEM case is somewhat different given its bottom-up, small and informal nature, so that the absence of a countervailing and
Businesses built to enable the sharing of assets among their users in different configurations, and businesses that make assets available for sharing.
responsibilities with users and volunteers. What has become the sharing economy movement includes all these types of actors,
full price users. Both economic and social gains are manifold: the cost of owning the asset is lower
opportunities for new companies, often with early users as co-investors In this context there are two social innovation outcomes examined for this focus area
online platforms are used with the exception of matching finance to assets, but the user decides what to use
starting to resemble some aspects of a random network as many potential users hear about the service
created and exchanged very fluidly resulting in a very dynamic ecosystem of users, who are
establishing and nurturing a demand-side ecosystem of users which, although this is growing, is not
Users of the Repair Cafã s develop trust through interaction and the value of the exchanges they
and by a much larger and diverse set of users. Opencorporates inspires a social sharing concept to
users who do not give back data, they pay Opencorporates a fee. Data from Opencorporates is also
to huge †big data†initiatives with an enormous variety of potential user groups and very significant
fairness and equity of the service are other members or users of the platforms. In the two
initiatives with an enormous variety of potential user groups and very significant impacts Overall, all six social innovation outcomes examined in the sharing economy theme, as well as
It is a feature of all cases that many of the users have become †pro-sumersâ€,
improvements in quality in recent years, the experience of many users is not good. Too often services are delivered in
principles of open source and generation of content by users, and the power of networks in order to
stakeholders create user confidence through adequate privacy and security protections will play a key role
the Bemyeyes app83 allows users to support blind people in telling them what label they want to read in everyday
-Medisat places strong focus on user-friendliness and making it easy for patients to be admitted †to hospital†in their own homes
interest across all users Personalised health and smarter patient environments x ICT used †The main drivers behind personalised healthcare solutions and smarter patient environments are the
or extracted it in a user friendly format to provide to their supporting physician. By definition, this is a complementary system to the practice of medicine.
A as DIABETIVA users become better able to use their DIABETIVA generated data and use it as leverage to
b) DIABETIVA users would be more likely to splinter-off from the general group of patients,
Any groups spawned by DIABETIVA users will be prone to being an informal one and, consequently, any
-Make users allocate donations -Follow up on funded projects/organisations -Raise nonfinancial support (smart capital) to support social innovation
domain owners, domain users, Intermediaries, Registrars, Google, facebook, Twitter, etc. dothiv itself -Raise awareness and de-stigmatise
As these measure are developed to give the service user an increased sense of independency and
This user-centred therapy-assisting tool contains several elements of reflection and behavioural activation. As a result a service user is
likely to become more aware of her own process and learn to understand her situation much better.
Furthermore the service user might begin to feel more independent as she starts to take
but it has also proven to increase attendance among service users. In fact it is quite a problem that patients fail to show up at scheduled therapy sessions;
Buddy gives service users the ability to govern their own treatment, set own goals and get timely reminders of the small things they need to change.
and to the individual user and eventually to the small community of users who will
come together to share and make the most of their experiences and their scarce and extremely focused knowledge
There will be little benefit to be had outside the tight community of connected users. More likely this relatively
users to the approach and to give them the opportunity to familiarise themselves with projects/organisations to be funded.
relevant when it comes to the use of data that users inevitably leave when using such portals or apps.
and ipad users can connect Lifescan blood glucose meters to their phones via Glooko†s meter synch cable.
Then the relationships between domain users/visitors and that same community will also be established or enhanced.
amongst users In theory -Supporting improved matching and flexibility -Enabling new business & service models New strategic
user and limited access to open education resources 110 Figure 7. 2: The future of learning108
-In April 2014 7. 1 million users were registered -Coursera is collaborating with 108 of the most well-known
introduces users the world of science, which can be explored both at school and at home -It also offers the possibility to do virtual experiments
-Currently approx. 200 users, but only launched in May2014 Multi -partner approach to education MONDEY
>1. 000 users Social needs addressed All six cases examined use ICT as an important tool to innovate in the education sector.
At the same time, users help to verify and further knowledge by providing new data. They are doing so by sharing their tacit knowledge filling in the data on the MONDEY
because each user is interested in a different form of learning and a different context x Quest to Learn:
April 2014 7. 1 million users were registered at Coursera and the number of Courserians (people signed up at
innovation †as with any pilot, processes of how to ideally involve all user groups such as students and teacher for
users to be a sustainable business model to achieve significant outcomes in terms of higher achievement of its
It needs to be cheap, state-of the art user friendly and attractive to a demanding target
degree of ICT support particularly as such initiatives often operate with less tech-savy user groups such as
In April 2014 7. 1 million users were registered at Coursera and the number of Courserians
7 million users, offering over 600 different courses and partnering with 108 universities. As of December 2013
†Assessing User Centric egovernment performance in Europe †egovernment Benchmark 2012†European commission (2014) â€oemapping smart cities in the EU€, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, Economic
CAPS Stakeholders and End users 24 Synergies between Projects 28 Collective Awareness Platforms 31 4. Starting Out 46
linked with the central role that citizen/user-engagement plays in the CAPS projects see chapter'Engaging Communities'.
in this last case do we have the idea of a partial convergence of the agenda of users with
life situations of the groups of people the initiatives target as their user base, the same
the institutional and working conditions of potential users which might influence the time available for participation;
of establishing a sufficient user base and bootstrap for the technology developed. In CAPS the approach is the other way around:
user-generated knowledge, visualisation of digital (open) data, and copyright All such topics involve the understanding of collective forms of behaviour and of self
including models questioning users'motivation, incentives for their participation, their growing reputation, and the relationship with distributed network effects.
of actual users. It is an effect similar to the ones identified by classical sociologists Gabriel
as any online community can put in place different incentive systems for fostering users 'participation, not all necessarily linked to similar motivations
and having responsibility in the community become part of the user's identity It is also possible to consider
online users provide their knowledge expecting other users to do the same. It is possible to see
†USEMP (User Empowerment for Enhanced Online Presence Management †P2pvalue: techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in
USEMP User Empowerment for Enhanced Online Presence Management www. usemp-project. eu IA4SI Impact Assessment for Social Innovation http://ia4si. eu
concrete is to define the targeted stakeholders and end users. This choice consequently defines the language, the engaging levers, the scale and the tools of a collective awareness
At the bottom line we find end users, the people who will ultimately be made aware and who will use the services
Stakeholders and End users'describes the typologies of stakeholders and end users addressed by CAPS projects to date
CAPS Stakeholders and End users †Stakeholders Stakeholders are organisations, categories of people or individuals who have an interest
This section treats stakeholders and end users separately. Even though end users are also project stakeholders, the distinction is that
end users use the project outputs directly, while stakeholders benefit from project outputs in an indirect way.
Stakeholders will be informed of the project's progress and can, to a certain extent, influence the development of the projects
†End users CAPS projects raise awareness among their users and mobilise different categories of users
Below is a list of possible users; the same person can of course belong to more than one
category. The list illustrates the diversity of topics and social issues touched by CAPS projects
Of these, citizens are the most relevant users, also in quantitative terms. They can be further
†Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights
USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.
potential users CAPS domain is interconnected also with other research groups within and outside the EC
analytic tools in the hands of users themselves, balancing the traditional focus on †executive information dashboards†serving the needs of only a few senior stakeholders.
to make analytics usable and understandable by different end user communities. CAPS analytics and visualisations, for instance, include:
& Deakin Crick, 2012†CATALYST project), analytics and visualisations on user behaviours DECARBONET project), and engagement analytics and visualisations for evaluating
criteria on which ordering should take place, on the relative role of different users in rating
assessment of the information produced by the end users. The solutions previewed are many, like systems for polling
The issue of how to engage people with social innovation as users of the collective
and also gauged public and tangible feedback of engaging users with online discussions (Piccolo et al, 2014.
and like SCICAFE2. 0 allows users to track other users'engagement New Economic Models The transformation of societies and economies following the diffusion of digital
technologies, with increases in productivity, the redistribution of international divisions of labour, and the emergence of new professions,
Each social network has a different affordance for users. Twitter, Facebook and other widely-adopted social systems format the content in different ways,
users to attribute different meanings and ways of use. Integrating user-generated data from different media, analysing the content as well as user participation, and providing
insightful visualisations are some of the complex tasks related to data integration addressed by CAPS projects
D-CENT, WIKIRATE, and WEB-COSI are focused on open data integration by providing different standards, tools and methods for data federation.
FOCAL is motivated by privacy concerns about the data and location of the end users that contribute to CAPS.
†USEMP will develop a set of tools allowing users of online social networks greater control over the personal data they share within the network
Democracyos http://democracyos. org Democracyos is a user friendly, open -source, vote and debate tool, crafted for parliaments, parties and decision-making
which puts users in control of their data security and was touted by the media as a'Facebook killer
Groupmap http://app. groupmap. com. au An application that enables the user to have a visualisation in the form of a heuristic map
Mailpile https://www. mailpile. is Free and open-source web mail client with user -friendly encryption and privacy features
Only registered users can then vote submissions'up 'or'down'to organise the posts and determine their position on the site's pages.
a sense of trust between the users and researchers. Workshops, seminars, interviews surveys and online platforms are examples of strategies that can be applied to dialogue
an active and frequent user of this platform, but it also refers to leveraging this platform to
From the online perspective, Yates and Lalmas (2012) define'user engagement'as'the phenomena associated with wanting to use that application longer and frequently'.
on, for example, the number of people a user interacts with, the time a user spends using a
platform, and how frequently he/she is connected When targeting social change, engagement can be associated to the participation in
Empowering a user in this sense means tackling the lack of personal efficacy†i e. the belief that one's own actions will not make a difference
users must influence others, and social media boosts this process Engagement strategies must provide an incentive to self-report achievements and changes
users must feel empowered to transform acquired information into action, and to then generate and share more information among the social group
The broad range of computer games and apps that appeal to the users of internet devices are a valuable resource for understanding
UI-REF stands for User-Intimate Integrative Requirements Elicitation and Usability Evaluation Framework (Badii, 2008.
action research, nested-video-assisted situation walkthrough, virtual user, and gaming enabled roleplay approaches to arrive at a high-resolution requirements elicitation,
The user experience related to the collective awareness tools are also important indicators, but they are not enough to express the
a cumulative human impression that can be recalled by a user to indicate his/her pattern of relating to a particular solution
This means that as the patterns or causes of user dissatisfaction can be variable and
thus pointing to the precise causes of usability issues that a user has perceived, remembered and
of collective awareness platforms as a technical divide can allow users and stakeholders to exert an influence on the other layers
9) exemplifies how user-generated information in different social media channels can be used by NGOS and policy makers to understand how specific topics, for example
Badii A. 2008)' User-Intimate Requirements Hierarchy Resolution Framework (UI-REF Methodology for Capturing Ambient Assisted Living Needs'.
Kittur, A.,Chi, E. H. & Suh, B. 2008)' Crowdsourcing User Studies with Mechanical Turk
Yates, R. B. & Lalmas, M. 2012)' User Engagement: The Network Effect Matters 'In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge
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