and innovation to sustainable growth and jobs and to tackling the grand challenges facing Europe †for example climate change, energy and food security, health and our ageing population.
The Centre†s core expertise focuses on telecommunication networks, security and mobile services. Since its foundation in 1996, TSSG has become an important catalyst for driving economic change in the South East Region,
since September 2004, a taught MSC in Computing, specialising in Communications Software, with a thematic research focus on communications management, service development, security and new developments in ubiquitous and pervasive computing.
their risk-taking drive and level of perseverance †qualities identified as essential for an entrepreneur
or the willingness and ability to take the risk of joining an innovative start-up as an employee. 12 Figure 10 details
†A positive attitude towards entrepreneurship and risk as an enabler for selecting an entrepreneurial career with
help protect against the employment and financial risks of creating or joining a new venture
has resulted in entrepreneurs taking less risk overall. For example, in the high-tech sector, it seems that entrepreneurs
•Perceived risk •Personality type •Determination 1 Skills •Markets/business intelligence •Management skills
is an important complement to the attitude of risk -taking and perseverance that successful entrepreneurs
understanding of risk and a sense of responsibility. †18 Cultural/Social framework: Drawing attention to entrepreneurial career options
young Europeans to take more risks in innovation and entrepreneurship, and encouraging governments businesses, society and individuals to support and
Part of it is linked to higher levels of risk aversion following the financial crisis as investors struggle with an increased
stocks, bonds or other securities †and capital markets are particularly important in Western and Northern europe
Benefit for large corporates Benefit for entrepreneurs Risk to one or both partners Company shares in high-potential
organizations. 51 An overview of the benefits and risks of collaboration for entrepreneurs and large corporates is
Develop collaboration and exploit results •Set and manage clear expectations •Focus on tangible results
a threat to one†s own organization should be overcome. The degree and scope of openness
time allocation for R&d inherits major risk for entrepreneurs. 53 Scouting for partners Developing transparency on available partners
the opportunity to accelerate processes is turned into a risk. †Fridolin Stary, Senior vice-president, Research and development, Wacker Chemie
†The inherent risk of innovation, quoted by 22%of small firms †The direct cost of innovation, quoted by 21%of small firms
single European market for risk finance Partner to support start-ups and find new models of co-investment by
European single market for risk finance Connecting and partnering to help entrepreneurs scale up Only 31%of companies have an unbroken record of
encourages young people to take risks and assume the lead on change and progress in partnership with
avoid or contain the risk of collisions. Able to innovate cooperatively, both amid and driven by contextual
to minimize the three critical types of risk in any new venture: market risk, technology risk
and team risk What does this mean for how organizations operate To master risk and reap the benefits of new sources
of growth in an increasingly volatile and uncertain environment, Cambrian Corporations will need to develop their foresight, design and synthesis capabilities.
O†Neill, M. 2013), Mini-bonds come with no small risks, Investorschronicle. co. uk, based on research from Capita Registrars
Heizo Takenaka, Director, Global security Research Institute Jiro Tamura, Professor of Law, Keio University In cooperation with Keizai Doyukai (Japan Association
and heightened risks looming on the horizon could derail the global recovery. Much of the growth in recent
phenomena such as competitiveness or global risks The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 could not have been put together without the thought
in key advanced economies remains a tangible risk that could derail recovery because real interest rates may
The risks to the global economic outlook remain very real. Past measures, mainly based on expansionary monetary policies, have helped to
monitors key trends, identifies global risks, charts relationships addresses gaps in knowledge and recommends ways to address
assessment of risk is therefore a key ingredient of a sound financial market Business investment is also critical to productivity
banking sector, well-regulated securities exchanges venture capital, and other financial products. In order to fulfill all those functions,
markets allow firms to exploit economies of scale Traditionally, the markets available to firms have been constrained by national borders.
potential threat to Switzerland†s competitive edge might be the increasing difficulties faced by businesses and
corruption (66th), security concerns (68th, up seven), and low levels of accountability (80th, up two) and lack of
security concerns, and high uncertainty around property rights protection seriously undermine the institutional framework (93rd in the public institutions subpillar, down
Finally, security remains an issue (89th), in particular in terms of costs that the threat of terrorism imposes on businesses (110th
Continuing on its downward trend and losing 11 places, India ranks 71st. The country†s new government
faces the challenge of improving competitiveness and  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 29
Its security situation remains alarming 142nd). ) Pakistan is the third least safe of all countries
as well as high levels of physical security, it will have to step up its efforts to improve a number of areas in
the time of writing, the security situation in the country is once again fragile, which could potentially affect the
strengths, such as physical security (39th), some positive aspects of goods markets efficiency (e g.,, 32nd on number of procedures to start a business), and a rather
institutions and physical security, albeit from a low level. Some aspects of education also show a positive
security situation is improving slightly, although tenacious political and policy instability are undermining the country†s competitiveness and its growth potential
Yet important downside risks remain: although inflation has been coming down from the high rates of the past two years thanks to prudent
and security (95th) continues to be a major area of concern for doing business. Building a skilled labor force
Finally, the security situation in Kenya also remains worrisome (128th Ghana reverses last year†s downward trend and
although fiscal vulnerabilities persist the government deficit stood at 10.8 percent of GDP in 2013, more than twice that of two years ago;
) The security situation, at 111th, also remains a concern Senegal comes in at 112th this year.
dragged down largely by the country†s security situation 107th). ) Improvements this year also take place on the
the security situation remains dire (139th. Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure (134th as well as improve its health and primary education
across advanced economies and renewed risks for emerging economies, the current edition of the Report
to Terrorism. New york: Harper Perennial Dobbs, R.,J. Remes, J. Manyika, C. Roxburgh, S. Smit, and F. Schaer
5. Security...20 %1. 13 Business costs of terrorism 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence
1. 15 Organized crime 1. 16 Reliability of police services B. Private institutions...25 %1. Corporate ethics...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges 8. 08 Legal rights index *9th pillar: Technological readiness...17
about the risks related to unsustainable resource and environmental management†the world is not moving toward a more sustainable path and concrete results are
health, participation, and security; and that maximize their potential to contribute to and benefit from the
become more concerned about reputational risks. 9 Consequently, the business sector has started to take a keener interest in environmental issues than it did
who promised to â€oerespond to the threat of climate change†in his inaugural speech after his reelection, has exercised
environmental risk (since 2010, the respondents of the World Economic Forum†s Global Risks Perceptions Survey consider
environmental risks both to be more likely to happen and to have greater impact), 8 the increase in the number and
efficacy of environmental regulations is welcome and timely The drivers for this increase differ across the world.
energy security as they are by local pollution and public health challenges, and in forested nations international attention on
with energy costs, reputational risks, and difficulties they confront in continuing to expand their capacity†are
naturally†increase the vulnerability of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and induce changes in  2014 World Economic Forum
reducing conflict, and guaranteeing food security •Equity and cohesion. An equitable society guarantees the same opportunities for all its
the vulnerabilities associated with these problems remain entrenched. 1 The global community is calling for change†for
absorber, reducing the vulnerability of the society as a whole. In advanced economies, welfare states promote the economic and social well-being of the
•Climate change, food security, and conflict. 30 In the future, rising sea levels and more extreme weather conditions may force millions of people to
food, thus increasing the vulnerability of the population. According to some studies, at present 1. 7 billion people live in water-stressed countries
migration and food security concerns, which already represent major problems today. 31 At present, the Food and agriculture organization of the United
may increase food insecurity in the long term, even in areas where food availability is relatively secure
include access to decent housing and food security A population with poor access to water, food, shelter
perceived economic security. Hence it aims to evaluate a population†s vulnerability to economic exclusion Three indicators have been chosen for this evaluation
Vulnerable employment as a percentage of total employment, the Extent of the informal economy, and
of financial security that enables individuals to undertake investments and entrepreneurial risk, which can in turn translate into the creation of new jobs and innovative
ideas, thus benefitting the economy A third category can be thought of as an assessment of social cohesion and includes the following
Access to basic necessities Vulnerability to economic exclusion Social cohesion •Access to sanitation •Access to improved drinking water
downward arrow points to a situation of vulnerability in terms of social and/or environmental sustainability that lowers the GCI score.
indicators helps to identify possible areas of risk and the  2014 World Economic Forum
employment to poverty risk. The existence of some social programs and the Family Welfare Institute has not
Senegal†s main areas of vulnerability are related to social sustainability. Although slightly improving this year, access to improved sanitation is limited (this is
reputational risk, see http://www. scjohnson. com/en/commitment /focus on/greengauge. aspx 10 As reported by nongovernmental organizations, such as the
A Hidden Threat to Food Production: Air pollution and Agriculture in the Developing World. Gatekeeper series, NO SA 73.
Change and Security program Report, Issue 13 2008†2009 WASHINGTON DC: Woodrow wilson International Center for Scholars. 27†33
††â€. 2011b. â€oesustainable Agriculture and Food security in LDCS. †UNCTAD Policy Brief No.
Global Risks 2014. Ninth Edition. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Available at http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF
US Central intelligence agency (CIA), The World Factbook retrieved March 21, 2014; Eurostat, online statistics (retrieved March 21, 2014;
insecurity in the event of job loss or disability? 1=not at all; 7 =provides full protection 2013†2014 weighted average
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...140 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...66 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...140 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...66 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 2...136 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 8...129 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 2...144 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...96 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...114 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...22 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...112 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...46 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...11 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...43 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...55 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...6 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...93 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...48 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...16 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 1...120 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...115 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...114 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...33 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...21 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 9...34 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...26 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...83 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...41 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...98 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...122 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...57 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...20 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...17 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...23 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...103 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 1...81 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...122 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 9...128 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...141 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...106 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...118 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...100 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 9...126 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...87 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 6...10 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...74 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...96 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...75 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 8...142 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 2...134 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 3...23 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...56 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...58 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...85 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...75 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 7...138 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...41 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...14 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...100 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...103 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...72 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...5 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...68 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...28 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...59 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...42 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...18 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...95 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...87 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...89 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...107 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 4...143 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...82 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 7...130 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...39 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...18 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...105 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...90 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 1...2 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 7...1 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...32 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...109 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...111 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...59 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...81 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...44 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...121 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...35 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...38 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...60 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...80 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 9...126 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...94 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...69 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...97 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...88 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...139 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...61 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...99 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...91 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 3...134 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...70 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 0...123 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...102 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 0...3 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...49 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...54 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...13 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...61 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...3 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...62 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...125 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...53 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...105 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...102 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 9...127 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...43 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...24 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...52 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 4...132 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...84 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 6...54 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...28 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...57 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...15 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 1...80 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...42 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...84 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...86 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...68 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...47 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 0...135 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...89 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...115 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...76 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...72 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 0...124 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 5...111 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...79 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...78 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...60 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...36 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...108 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 6...140 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...130 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...76 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 0...137 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 4...142 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...70 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...52 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 0...4 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...16 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...50 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 6...53 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 5...133 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 5...112 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...74 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...47 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...13 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...65 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...129 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 5...141 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...26 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 6...55 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...138 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...116 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 2...24 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 3...12 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...40 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...98 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...117 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...19 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 7...128 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...32 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...78 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...40 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...49 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...67 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...116 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...113 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 2...135 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 9...136 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...37 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...39 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 4...109 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 1...119 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 2...25 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...51 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 9...6 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...25 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...69 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...79 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 2...65 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 8...137 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 7...9 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...64 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...14 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 3...11 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...51 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 7...139 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...29 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...73 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...67 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...93 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...36 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...124 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...45 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...110 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 9...35 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...27 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...46 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...7 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 8...8 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...31 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 9...7 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 4...9 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...101 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...97 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...91 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...104 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...73 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...37 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...31 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...62 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...106 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...101 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...113 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...58 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...71 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...107 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...120 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...86 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 0...5 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...50 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...85 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...38 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...88 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 6...2 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 4...1 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...30 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 2...66 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...83 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...56 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...17 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 0...125 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...15 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...77 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...71 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...20 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...45 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...19 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...34 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...21 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...33 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...119 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...108 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...104 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...99 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...27 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 1...121 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...131 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...92 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...95 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...63 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...90 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 3...133 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...48 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...123 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...92 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 6...131 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 9...127 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...117 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...12 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 4...10 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 3...22 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 1...82 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...30 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 2...118 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 2...64 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...4 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...132 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...77 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...110 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...94 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 4...143 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 3...144 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...44 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...29 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...63 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...8 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...418 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...502 8. 08 Legal rights index...503 Pillar 9: Technological readiness...
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism In your country, to what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses?
1=to a great extent; 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey.
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges In your country, how effective are the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges?
1=not at all effective; 7=extremely effective 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey.
1. 13 Business costs of terrorism In your country, to what extent does the threat of terrorism
impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the
and money management and security firms. Twice a year, the respondents grade each country on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100
8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges In your country, how effective are the regulation and
supervision of securities exchanges? 1=not at all effective 7=extremely effective 2013†14 weighted average Source:
outreach for both competitiveness and risks reports. Ms Browne also oversees the process of implementing the
and the Global Risks report. Prior to joining the World Economic Forum, she worked in the Division of Country
competitiveness and global risks and is lead author or editor of a number of regional and topical reports and
the Global Risks report series. Before joining The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, Dr Drzeniek
Risks report. Prior to joining the Forum, she worked for an economic policy consultancy in the United kingdom
security, health and population economics, monetary economics, poverty, inequality, estimation of the world distribution of income, and measuring competitiveness
Potential risks going forward concern the possible tightening of financial conditions that may follow a normalization of the monetary policy in the United states
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