Insight Report Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Insight Report The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Professor Klaus Schwab World Economic Forum Editor Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martã n Columbia University Chief Advisor of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network Full Data Edition  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015: Full Data Edition is published by the World Economic Forum within the framework of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network Professor Klaus Schwab Executive Chairman Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martã n Chief Advisor of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network Espen Barth Eide Managing director and Member of the Managing Board Jennifer Blanke Chief Economist THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AND BENCHMARKING NETWORK Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Head of the Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network and Lead Economist Beã at Bilbao-Osorio, Associate Director, Senior Economist Ciara Browne, Director Roberto Crotti, Quantitative Economist Attilio Di Battista, Junior Quantitative Economist Gaã lle Dreyer, Research Associate Caroline Galvan, Senior Manager, Economist Thierry Geiger, Associate Director, Senior Economist Tania Gutknecht, Community Manager Cecilia Serin, Senior Associate We thank Hope Steele for her superb editing work and Neil Weinberg for his excellent graphic design and layout We are grateful to Mirza Taqi for his invaluable research assistance The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis World Economic Forum Geneva Copyright  2014 by the World Economic Forum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum ISBN-13: 978-92-95044-98-2 ISBN-10:92-95044-98-3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources Printed and bound in Switzerland The Report and an interactive data platform are available at www. weforum. org/gcr  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 iii Partner Institutes v Preface xiii by Espen Barth Eide Part 1: Measuring Competitiveness 1 1. 1 The Global Competitiveness Index 3 2014†2015: Accelerating a Robust Recovery to Create Productive Jobs and Support Inclusive Growth by Xavier Sala-i-Martã n, Beã at Bilbao-Osorio, Attilio Di Battista Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Thierry Geiger, and Caroline Galvan 1. 2 Assessing Progress toward 53 Sustainable Competitiveness by Gemma Corrigan, Roberto Crotti, Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, and Cecilia Serin 1. 3 The Executive Opinion Survey: 85 The Voice of the Business community by Ciara Browne, Attilio Di Battista, Thierry Geiger, and Tania Gutknecht Part 2: Data Presentation 97 2. 1 Country/Economy Profiles 99 How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles...101 Index of Countries/Economies...103 Country/Economy Profiles...104 2. 2 Data Tables 393 How to Read the Data Tables...395 Index of Data Tables...397 Data Tables...399 Technical Notes and Sources 537 About the Authors 547 Contents  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 v The World Economic Forum†s Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network is pleased to acknowledge and thank the following organizations as its valued Partner Institutes, without which the realization of The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 would not have been feasible Albania Institute for Contemporary Studies (ISB Artan Hoxha, President Elira Jorgoni, Senior Expert Endrit Kapaj, Expert Algeria Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquã e pour le Dà veloppement (CREAD Mohamed Yassine Ferfera, Director Khaled Menna, Research Fellow Angola Inangol Luis Verdeja, Chief executive officer Argentina IAE€ Universidad Austral Nicolã¡s Bernabã, Research Analyst Eduardo Fracchia, Director of Academic department of Economics Armenia Economy and Values Research center Manuk Hergnyan, Chairman Sevak Hovhannisyan, Board member and Senior Associate Tamara Karapetyan, Research Associate Australia Australian Industry Group Gareth Shaw, Research Coordinator Julie Toth, Chief Economist Innes Willox, Chief executive officer Austria Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO Karl Aiginger, Director Gerhard Schwarz, Coordinator, Survey Department Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Marketing Society Fuad Aliyev, Deputy Chairman Ashraf Hajiyev, Consultant Bahrain Bahrain Economic Development Board Kamal Bin Ahmed, Minister of Transportation and Acting Chief executive of the Economic Development Board Nada Azmi, Manager, Economic Planning and Development Bangladesh Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD Kishore Kumer Basak, Senior Research Associate Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Additional Research director Mustafizur Rahman, Executive director Barbados The Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies University of West indies (UWI Don D. Marshall, Acting Director Belgium Vlerick Business school Wim Moesen, Professor Leo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence Centre Entrepreneurship, Governance and Strategy Bhutan Bhutan Chamber of commerce & Industry (BCCI Phub Tshering, Secretary general Kesang Wangdi, Deputy Secretary general Druk Holding & Investment Randall Krantz, Strategy Adviser Bosnia and herzegovina MIT Center, School of economics and Business in Sarajevo University of Sarajevo Zlatko Lagumdzija, Professor Zeljko Sain, Executive director Jasmina Selimovic, Assistant Director Botswana Botswana National Productivity Centre Letsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and Statistician Baeti Molake, Executive director Phumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information and Research Services Department Brazil Fundaã§Ã£o Dom Cabral, Innovation Center Carlos Arruda, Associate dean for Business Partnership Professor of Innovation and Competitiveness Herica Righi, Associate professor Brunei Darussalam Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources Pehin Dato Yahya Bakar, Minister Normah Suria Hayati Jamil Al-Sufri, Permanent Secretary Bulgaria Center for Economic Development Adriana Daganova, Expert, International Programmes and Projects Anelia Damianova, Senior Expert Burkina faso lnstitut Supã rieure des Sciences de la Population (ISSP Bonayi Hubert Dabire, Deputy Director Jean Franã§ois Kobiane, Director Justin Zoma, Student Partner Institutes  2014 World Economic Forum vi The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Partner Institutes Burundi University Research Centre for Economic and Social Development (CURDES), National University of Burundi Dieudonnã Gahungu, Director Charles Kabwigiri, Dean Gilbert Niyongabo, Head of Department, Faculty of Economics and Management Cambodia Nuppun Institute for Economic Research (NUPPUN Pheakdey Em, Research Associate Pisey Khin, Director Pheakdey Pheap, Research Assistant Cameroon Comitã de Compã titivitã (Competitiveness Committee Jean-jacques Ngouang, Operations Director Lucien Sanzouango, General manager Canada The Conference Board of Canada Michael R. Bloom, Vice-president Jessica Edge, Research Associate Douglas Watt, Director Cape verde INOVE RESEARCH€ Investigaã§Ã£o e Desenvolvimento, Lda Emanuel Carvalho, Project Manager Jà lio Delgado, Partner and Senior Researcher Josã Mendes, Chief executive officer Chad Groupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoring du Projet Pà trole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC Antoine Doudjidingao, Researcher Gilbert Maoundonodji, Director Celine Nà nodji Mbaipeur, Programme Officer Chile School of Government, Universidad Adolfo Ibã¡Ã ez Ignacio Briones, Dean Julio Guzman, Assistant professor Pamela Saavedra, Assistant China Institute of Economic system and Management National Development and Reform Commission Chen Wei, Research Fellow Dong Ying, Professor Zhou Haichun, Deputy Director and Professor China Center for Economic Statistics Research, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics Bojuan Zhao, Professor Lu Dong, Professor Jian Wang, Associate professor Hongye Xiao, Professor Huazhang Zheng, Associate professor Colombia National Planning Department Rodrigo Moreira, Director of Enterprise Development Sara Patricia Rivera, Research Analyst John Rodrã guez, Project Manager Colombian Private Council on Competitiveness Rosario Cà rdoba, President Marco Llinã¡s, Vicepresident CÃ'te d†Ivoire Chambre de Commerce et d†Industrie de CÃ'te d†Ivoire Anzoumane Diabakate, Head of Communications Jean Rock Kouadio-Kirine, Head of Regional Economic Information Marie-Gabrielle Varlet-Boka, Director General Croatia National Competitiveness Council Jadranka Gable, Advisor Kresimir Jurlin, Research Fellow Cyprus European University Cyprus, Research center Maria Markidou-Georgiadou, Consultant Bambos Papageorgiou, Head of Socioeconomic and Academic Research Czech republic CMC Graduate school of Business Tomã¡Å¡Janä a, Executive director Czech Management Association Ivo Gajdoå¡,, Executive director University of Economics, Faculty of International Relations Å tä pã¡n Mà ller, Dean Denmark Danish Technological Institute, Center for Policy and Business Analysis Hanne Shapiro, Director Stig Yding Sørensen, Team Manager Ecuador ESPAE Graduate school of Management, Escuela Superior Politã cnica del Litoral (ESPOL Virginia Lasio, Director Andrea Samaniego Dà az, Project Assistant Sara Wong, Professor Egypt The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES Iman Al-Ayouty, Senior Economist Tarek El-Ghamrawy, Economist Omneia Helmy, Director of research Estonia Estonian Institute of Economic Research (ECES Marje Josing, Director Estonian Development Fund Tà nis Arro, Chief executive officer Ethiopia African Institute of Management, Development and Governance Zebenay Kifle, General manager Tegenge Teka, Senior Expert Finland ETLA€ The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Markku Kotilainen, Research director Petri Rouvinen, Research director Vesa Vihriã¤lã¤,Managing director France HEC Paris Marina Kundu, Associate dean in charge of Executive Education Bernard Ramanantsoa, Dean Gabon Confã dã ration Patronale Gabonaise Regis Loussou Kiki, General Secretary Gina Eyama Ondo, Assistant General Secretary Henri Claude Oyima, President Gambia, The Gambia Economic and Social Development Research Institute (GESDRI Makaireh A. Njie, Director  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 vii Partner Institutes Georgia Business Initiative for Reforms in Georgia Tamara Janashia, Executive director Giga Makharadze, Founding Member of the Board of directors Mamuka Tsereteli, Founding Member of the Board of directors Germany WHU€ Otto Beisheim School of management Ralf Fendel, Professor of Monetary Economics Michael Frenkel, Professor, Chair of Macroeconomics and International Economics Ghana Association of Ghana Industries (AGI Patricia Addy, Projects Officer James Asare-Adjei, President Seth Twum-Akwaboah, Executive director Greece SEV Hellenic Federation of Enterprises Michael Mitsopoulos, Senior Advisor, Infrastructures and Business Environment Thanasis Printsipas, Economist, Entrepreneurship Guatemala FUNDESA Felipe Bosch G.,President of the Board of directors Pablo Schneider, Economic Director Juan carlos Zapata, Chief executive officer Guinea Confã dã ration Patronale des Entreprises de Guinã e Mohamed Bà nogo Conde, Secretary-general Guyana Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana Karen Pratt, Research Associate Tessa Pratt, Research Associate Clive Thomas, Director Haiti Group Croissance SA Jean-Hubert Legendre, Head of Administration and Finance Kesner Pharel, Chief executive officer and Chairman Hong kong SAR Hong kong General Chamber of commerce David O†Rear, Chief Economist Federation of Hong kong Industries Alexandra Poon, Director Hungary KOPINT-Tà RKI Economic Research Ltd à va Palã cz, Chief executive officer Peter Vakhal, Project Manager Iceland Innovation Center Iceland Karl Fridriksson, Managing director of Human Resources and Marketing Tinna Jà hannsdã ttir, Marketing Manager Snaebjorn Kristjansson, Operational R&d Manager India Confederation of Indian Industry (CII Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General Danish A. Hashim. Director, Economic Research Marut Sen Gupta, Deputy Director General Indonesia Center for Industry, SME & Business Competition Studies University of Trisakti Tulus Tambunan, Director Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran Chamber of commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture department of Economic Affairs Hamed Nikraftar, Project Manager Farnaz Safdari, Research Associate Homa Sharifi, Research Associate Ireland Institute for Business Development and Competitiveness School of economics, University college Cork Justin Doran, Principal Associate Eleanor Doyle, Director Catherine Kavanagh, Principal Associate Forfã¡s, Economic Analysis and Competitiveness Department Adrian Devitt, Manager Conor Hand, Economist Israel Manufacturers Association of Israel (MAI Dan Catarivas, Foreign Trade & International Relations Director Amir Hayek, Managing director Zvi Oren, President Italy SDA Bocconi School of management Paola Dubini, Associate professor, Bocconi University Francesco A. Saviozzi, SDA Professor, Strategic and Entrepreneurial Management Department Jamaica Mona School of business & Management (MSBM The University of the West indies Patricia Douce, Project Administrator William Lawrence, Director, Professional Services Unit Densil Williams, Executive director and Professor Japan Keio University Yoko Ishikura, Professor, Graduate school of Media Design Heizo Takenaka, Director, Global security Research Institute Jiro Tamura, Professor of Law, Keio University In cooperation with Keizai Doyukai (Japan Association of Corporate executives Kiyohiko Ito, Managing director, Keizai Doyukai Jordan Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Kawther Al-Zou†bi, Head of Competitiveness Division Ibrahim Saif, Minister Kazakhstan National Analytical Centre Aktoty Aitzhanova, Deputy Chairperson Anastassiya Iskaliyeva, Project Manager Vladislav Yezhov, Chairman Kenya Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi Paul Kamau, Senior Research Fellow Dorothy Mccormick, Research Professor Winnie Mitullah, Director and Associate Research Professor Korea, Republic of Korea Development Institute Byungkoo Cho, Executive director, Economic Information Education Center Seungjoo Lee, Research Associate, Public opinion Analysis Unit Youngho Jung, Head, Public opinion Analysis Unit Kuwait Kuwait National Competitiveness Committee Adel Al-Husainan, Committee member Fahed Al-Rashed, Committee Chairman Sayer Al-Sayer, Committee member  2014 World Economic Forum viii The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Partner Institutes Kyrgyz Republic Economic policy Institute Lola Abduhametova, Program Coordinator Marat Tazabekov, Chairman Lao PDR Enterprise & Development Consultants Co.,Ltd Latvia Stockholm School of economics in Riga Arnis Sauka, Head of the Centre for Sustainable Development Lebanon Bader Young Entrepreneurs Program Fadi Bizri, Managing director Farah Shamas, Program Coordinator Lesotho Private Sector Foundation of Lesotho Nthati Mapitsi, Researcher Thabo Qhesi, Chief executive officer Kutloano Sello, President, Researcher Libya Libya Development Policy Center Mohamed Hammuda, Project Coordinator Mohamed A. Wefati, Managing director Lithuania Statistics Lithuania Ona Grigiene, Deputy Head, Knowledge Economy and Special Surveys Statistics Division Vilija Lapeniene, Director General Gediminas Samuolis, Head, Knowledge Economy and Special Surveys Statistics Division Luxembourg Luxembourg Chamber of commerce Annabelle Dullin, Research Analyst Carlo Thelen, Chief Economist, Director General Lynn Zoenen, Research Analyst Macedonia, FYR National Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness Council (NECC Dejan Janevski, Project Coordinator Madagascar Centre of Economic Studies, University of Antananarivo Ravelomanana Mamy Raoul, Director Razato Rarijaona Simon, Executive secretary Malawi Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Hope Chavula, Manager, Public Private Dialogue Chancellor L. Kaferapanjira, Chief executive officer Malaysia Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC Mohd Razali Hussain, Director General Lee Saw Hoon, Senior Director Mali Groupe de Recherche en Economie Appliquã e et Thã orique (GREAT Massa Coulibaly, Executive director Malta Competitive Malta†Foundation for National Competitiveness Margrith Lutschg-Emmenegger, Vice president Adrian Said, Chief Coordinator Isabel Sultana Cassar, Research Coordinator Mauritania Bicom-Service Commercial Guã ye Ibrahima, Administrative Financial Director and Analyst Ousmane Samb, Technical and Marketing Director and Analyst Habib Sy, Director Gà nã ral Mauritius Board of Investment, Mauritius Manaesha Fowdar, Investment Executive, Competitiveness Khoudijah Maudarbocus-Boodoo, Director Ken Poonoosamy, Managing director Joint Economic Council Raj Makoond, Director Mexico Center for Intellectual Capital and Competitiveness Erika Ruiz Manzur, Executive director Renã Villarreal Arrambide, President and Chief executive Officer Rodrigo David Villarreal Ramos, Director Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (IMCO Gabriela Alarcon, Research director Juan E. Pardinas, General Director Marã a Zimbrã n Alva, Communication Coordinator Ministry of the Economy Adolfo Cimadevilla Cervera, Technical Secretary for Competitiveness Sergio Merino Gonzã¡lez, Deputy General Director for Competitiveness Marã a del Rocã o Ruiz Chã¡vez, Undersecretary for Competitiveness and Standardization Moldova Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (AESM Grigore Belostecinic, Rector Institute of Economic Research and European Studies (IERES Corneliu Gutu, Director Mongolia Open Society Forum (OSF), Mongolia Oyunbadam Davaakhuu, Manager of Economic policy Erdenejargal Perenlei, Executive director Montenegro Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses (ISSP Maja Drakic Grgur, Project Manager Jadranka Kaludjerovic, ISSP Program Director Veselin Vukotic, President Morocco Confã dã ration Gà nã rale des Entreprises du Maroc (CGEM Meriem Bensalah Cheqroun, President Si Mohamed Elkhatib, Project Head, Commission Climat des Affaires et Partenariat Public Privã Ahmed Rahhou, President, Commission Climat des Affaires et Partenariat Public Privã Mozambique Econpolicy Research Group, Lda Peter Coughlin, Director Mwikali Kieti, Project Coordinator Myanmar Centre for Economic and Social Development of Myanmar Development Resource Institute (MDRI-CESD Min Zar Ni Lin, Research Associate U Myint, Chief U Zaw Oo, Executive director  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 ix Partner Institutes Namibia Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR Graham Hopwood, Executive director Leon Kufa, Research Associate Lizaan van Wyk, Research Associate Nepal Centre for Economic Development and Administration (CEDA Ramesh Chandra Chitrakar, Professor, Country Coordinator and Project Director Ram Chandra Dhakal, Executive director and Adviser Mahendra Raj Joshi, Member Netherlands INSCOPE: Research for Innovation, Erasmus University Rotterdam Henk W. Volberda, Director and Professor New zealand The New zealand Initiative Oliver Hartwich, Executive director Businessnz Phil O†Reilly, Chief executive Nigeria Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG Frank Nweke II, Director General Olajiire Onatade-Abati, Research Analyst Sope Williams-Elegbe, Associate Director & Head of Research Norway BI Norwegian Business school Marius Nordkvelde, Researcher Torger Reve, Professor Oman The International Research Foundation Salem Ben Nasser Al-Ismaily, Chairman Public Authority for Investment Promotion and Export Development (ITHRAA Azzan Qassim Al-Busaidi, Director General Research & E-Services Pakistan Mishal Pakistan Puruesh Chaudhary, Director Content Amir Jahangir, Chief executive officer Paraguay Centro de Anã¡lisis y Difusiã n de Economia Paraguaya CADEP Dionisio Borda, Research Member Fernando Masi, Director Marã a Belã n Servã n, Research Member Peru Centro de Desarrollo Industrial (CDI), Sociedad Nacional de Industrias Nà stor Asto, Associate Consultant Maria Elena Baraybar, Project Assistant Luis Tenorio, Executive director Philippines Makati Business Club (MBC Isabel A. Lopa, Deputy Executive director Michael B. Mundo, Research Programs Manager Peter Angelo V. Perfecto, Executive director Management Association of the Philippines (MAP Arnold P. Salvador, Executive director Poland Economic Institute, National bank of Poland Piotr Boguszewski, Advisor Andrzej Slawinski, General Director Portugal PROFORUM, Associaã§Ã£o para o Desenvolvimento da Engenharia Ilã dio Antã nio de Ayala Serã'dio, Vice president of the Board of directors Fà rum de Administradores de Empresas (FAE Paulo Bandeira, General Director Luis Filipe Pereira, President of the Board of directors Antonio Ramalho, Member of the Board of directors Puerto rico Puerto rico 3000, Inc Francisco Garcia, President Instituto de Competitividad Internacional, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto rico Francisco Montalvo, Project Coordinator Qatar Qatari Businessmen Association (QBA Sarah Abdallah, Deputy General manager Issa Abdul Salam Abu Issa, Secretary-general Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI Hanan Abdul Rahim, Associate Director Darwish Al Emadi, Director Romania SC VBD Alliance Consulting Srl Irina Ion, Country Coordinator Russian Federation Eurasia Competitiveness Institute (ECI Katerina Marandi, Programme Manager Alexey Prazdnichnykh, Managing director Rwanda Private Sector Federation (PSF Hannington Namara, Chief executive officer Andrew R. Othieno, Head of Research and Policy Rwanda Development Board (RDB Daniel Nkubito, Strategy and Competitiveness Division Valentine Rugwabiza, Chief executive officer Saudi arabia Alfaisal University Mohammed Kafaji, Assistant professor National Competitiveness Center (NCC Saud bin Khalid Al-Faisal, President Khaldon Zuhdi Mahasen, Managing director Senegal Centre de Recherches Economiques Appliquã es (CREA University of Dakar Youssou Camara, Administrative Staff Fatou Gueye, Teacher Gisã le Tendeng, Accountant Serbia Foundation for the Advancement of Economics (FREN Aleksandar Radivojevic, Project Coordinator Svetozar Tanaskovic, Researcher Jelena Zarkovic Rakic, Director Seychelles Plutus Auditing & Accounting Services Nicolas Boulle, Partner Marco L. Francis, Partner Singapore Economic Development Board Anna Chan, Assistant Managing director, Planning & Policy Cheng Wai San, Director, Research & Statistics Unit Teo Xinyu, Executive, Research & Statistics Unit  2014 World Economic Forum x The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Partner Institutes Slovak Republic Business Alliance of Slovakia (PAS Robert Kicina, Executive director Slovenia Institute for Economic Research Peter Stanovnik, Professor Sonja Urå¡iä, Senior Research Assistant University of Ljubljana, Faculty of economics Mateja Drnovå¡ek, Professor South africa Business Leadership South africa Friede Dowie, General manager Thero Setiloane, Chief executive officer Business Unity South africa Nomaxabiso Majokweni, Chief executive officer Kgatlaki Ngoasheng, Executive director, Economic policy Spain IESE Business school, International Center for Competitiveness Marã a Luisa Blã¡zquez, Research Associate Antoni Subirã, Professor Sri lanka Institute of Policy Studies of Sri lanka (IPS Dilani Hirimuthugodage, Research Officer Sahan Jayawardena, Research Assistant Saman Kelegama, Executive director Suriname Suriname Trade and Industry Association Helen Doelwijt, Executive secretary Dayenne Wielingen, Economic policy Officer Kenneth Woei-A-Tsoi, Executive director Swaziland Federation of Swaziland Employers and Chamber of Commerce Mduduzi Lokotfwako, Coordinator, Trade & Commerce Nyakwesi Motsa, Administration & Finance Manager Sweden International University of Entrepreneurship and Technology Association (IUET Thomas Andersson, President Switzerland University of St gallen, Executive School of management Technology and Law (ES-HSG Rubã n Rodriguez Startz, Head of Project Tobias Trã tsch, Communications Manager Taiwan, China National Development Council Chien-Liang Chen, Deputy Minister Chung Chung Shieh, Researcher, Economic Research Department Pao-Jui Chen, Director, Economic Research Department Tanzania Research for Policy Development (REPOA Cornel Jahari, Assistant Researcher Blandina Kilama, Researcher Donald Mmari, Director of research on Growth and Development Thailand Chulalongkorn Business school, Chulalongkorn University Pasu Decharin, Dean Siri-on Setamanit, Assistant Dean Timor-Leste East Timor Development Agency (ETDA Palmira Pires, Director Octavio Ximenes, Field officer Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Timor-Leste Kathleen Fon Ha Tchong Goncalves, Vice-president Trinidad and tobago Arthur Lok Jack Graduate school of Business Miguel Carillo, Executive director and Professor of Strategy Nirmala Harrylal, Director, Internationalisation and Institutional Relations Centre Richard A Ramsawak, Deputy Director, Centre of Strategy and Competitiveness The University of the West indies, St augustine Rolph Balgobin, NGC Distinguished Fellow, Department of Management Studies Tunisia Institut Arabe des Chefs d†Entreprises Ahmed Bouzguenda, President Majdi Hassen, Executive Counsellor Turkey TUSIAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum Izak Atiyas, Director Ozan Bakä s, Project Consultant Sezen Ugurlu, Project Specialist Uganda Kabano Research and development Centre Robert Apunyo, Program Manager Delius Asiimwe, Executive director Anna Namboonze, Research Associate Ukraine CASE Ukraine, Center for Social and Economic Research Dmytro Boyarchuk, Executive director Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Leading Economist United arab emirates Department of Economic Development†Abu dhabi Competitiveness Office of Abu dhabi (COAD Mohammed Omar Abdulla, Undersecretary Dubai Competitiveness Office H. E. Khaled Ibrahim Al kassim, Deputy Director General for Executive Affairs Zayed University Abdullah Alamiri, Provost Emirates Competitiveness Council H. E. Abdulla Nasser Lootah, Secretary general United kingdom LSE Enterprise Ltd Adam Austerfield, Project Director Elitsa Garnizova, Project Officer & Researcher Robyn Klingler-Vidra, Senior Researcher Uruguay Universidad ORT Uruguay Bruno Gili, Professor Isidoro Hodara, Professor Venezuela CONAPRI€ The Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion Litsay Guerrero, Economic Affairs and Investor Services Manager Eduardo Porcarelli, Executive director  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 xi Partner Institutes Vietnam Ho chi minh city Institute for Development Studies (HIDS Nguyen Trong Hoa, Associate professor and Director Du Phuoc Tan, Head of Urban Management Studies Department Trieu Thanh Son, Deputy Head of Research Management Department Yemen Yemeni Business Club (YBC Fathi Abdulwasa Hayel Saeed, Chairman Mohammed Ismail Hamanah, Executive director Fawzi Al-Yemany, Project Coordinator MARCON Marketing Consulting Margret Arning, Managing director Zambia Institute of Economic and Social Research (INESOR University of Zambia Patricia Funjika, Research Fellow Jolly Kamwanga, Senior Research Fellow and Project Coordinator Mubiana Macwan†gi, Director and Professor Zimbabwe Graduate school of Management, University of Zimbabwe A m. Hawkins, Professor Bolivia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Ecuador El salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama INCAE Business school, Latin american Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS Ronald Arce, Researcher Arturo Condo, Rector Lawrence Pratt, Director Liberia and Sierra leone FJP Development and Management consultants Omodele R. N. Jones, Chief executive officer  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 xiii The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 is being launched at a time when the global economy seems to be finally leaving behind the worst and longest -lasting financial and economic crisis of the last 80 years. However, this resurgence is moving at a less decisive pace than it has after previous downturns and heightened risks looming on the horizon could derail the global recovery. Much of the growth in recent years has taken place because of the extraordinary and bold monetary policies in countries such as the United States, Japan, and the United kingdom. As the economy improves in these countries, a normalization of monetary policy with tightening financial conditions could have an impact on both advanced and emerging economies Moreover, the strained geopolitical scenarios with rising tensions in a number of regions can also have negative consequences for the global economic outlook. Finally many countries are suffering from accelerating income inequalities; often these inequalities are lasting effects of the crisis that are creating domestic social tensions with potential global consequences Against this backdrop, policymakers as well as business and civil society leaders must work together in order to ensure robust economic growth that supports more-inclusive economies. Economic and social agendas must go hand in hand and focus on reforms that will render economies more productive and open up new and better job opportunities for all segments of the population. Better assigning available resources to productive activities is crucial and requires well -functioning markets. In addition, as indicated in previous editions of this Report, strong institutions, available talent, and a high capacity to innovate hold the key for the success of any economy. These elements will continue to be even more essential in the future For 35 years, this Report has shed light on the key factors and their mechanisms and interrelations that determine economic growth and the level of present and future prosperity in a country. In doing so, since its inception the Report has aimed to build a shared understanding of the main strengths and weaknesses of each of the economies covered, so that stakeholders can work together on shaping economic agendas that can address challenges and create enhanced opportunities In this context, policymakers, businesses, and citizens increasingly recognize the need for economic growth to be balanced by providing opportunities and benefits for all segments of the population and by being respectful of the environment. In sum, the social and environmental dimensions of an economy need to be considered fully in any growth or development agenda. Although the relationship between productivity social development, and environmental stewardship is complex, the Forum has continued its research into how sustainability relates to competitiveness and economic performance. Chapter 1. 2 of this Report presents the current thinking at the Forum on sustainable competitiveness, a concept introduced three years ago in our Report series, and one that aims to analyze how country competitiveness can be assessed once issues of social and environmental sustainability are taken into account This year†s Report provides an overview of the competitiveness performance of 144 economies and thus continues to be the most comprehensive assessment of its kind globally. It contains a detailed profile for each of the economies included in the study as well as an extensive section of data tables with global rankings covering over 100 indicators. This Report is one of the flagship publications within the Forum†s Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, which produces a number of related research studies aimed at supporting countries in their transformation efforts and raising awareness about the need to adopt holistic and integrated frameworks for understanding complex phenomena such as competitiveness or global risks The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 could not have been put together without the thought leadership of Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martã n at Columbia University, who has provided ongoing intellectual support for our competitiveness research. Further this Report would have not been possible without the collaboration and dedication of our network of over 160 Partner Institutes worldwide. The Partner Institutes are instrumental in carrying out the Executive Opinion Survey, which provides the foundation data of this Report as well as imparting the results of the Report at the national level. We would also like to convey our sincere gratitude to all the business executives Preface ESPEN BARTH EIDE Managing director and Member of the Managing Board, World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum xiv The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Preface around the world who took the time to participate in our Executive Opinion Survey. We are grateful to the members of our Advisory board on Competitiveness and Sustainability, who have provided their valuable time and knowledge to help us develop the framework on sustainability and competitiveness presented in this Report Appreciation also goes to colleagues at the World Economic Forum, namely Jennifer Blanke, Chief Economist; and Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Head of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, as well as team members Beã at Bilbao-Osorio Ciara Browne, Gemma Corrigan, Roberto Crotti, Attilio Di Batista, Gaã lle Dreyer, Caroline Galvan, Thierry Geiger Tania Gutknecht, and Cecilia Serin  2014 World Economic Forum Part 1 Measuring Competitiveness  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 3 CHAPTER 1. 1 The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015: Accelerating a Robust Recovery to Create Productive Jobs and Support Inclusive Growth XAVIER SALA-I-MARTà N BEÑAT BILBAO-OSORIO ATTILIO DI BATTISTA MARGARETA DRZENIEK HANOUZ CAROLINE GALVAN THIERRY GEIGER World Economic Forum This new edition of The Global Competitiveness Report is launched at a time when the world seems to be finally emerging from the worst financial and economic crisis of the past 80 years and returning to a pre-crisis situation large interest rate spreads for public debt in hard-hit countries are falling; banking systems seem more robust even if financial reform has not yet been completed; and access to credit, while still limited, is slowly recovering Overall, growth prospects in advanced economies are better than they have been in recent years, albeit very unevenly distributed. The recovery in the United States seems to be grounded comfortably with strong output and employment figures. Japan†s economy while still needing to translate Abenomics into stronger private demand, seems to be waking up after two decades of stagnation. In Europe the picture is more mixed, with many countries now recording stronger growth and returning to trend growth rates, while some others continue to suffer from weak growth driven by protracted internal demand, high unemployment and financial fragmentation. Emerging economies are forecasted to grow more modestly than they did in the past. After several years of doing very well and leading global growth, their performance may be affected by a changing environment characterized by greater difficulty accessing capital as well as lower prices for the commodities that fueled past growth†a trend that is also likely to affect many developing economies To a large extent, the improvement of the global economic outlook has been the result of bold monetary policies carried out by the Federal reserve and Central Banks in countries such as the United kingdom and Japan to substantially expand the amount of money available in the economy. As the economic situation improves, a normalization of the monetary policy with a tightening of the financial conditions for both advanced and, most notably, emerging economies could jeopardize the rather positive forecast, especially if productivity -enhancing investment levels do not manage to pick up Investment and the recovery more broadly will also be influenced by the fact that low inflation, or even deflation in key advanced economies remains a tangible risk that could derail recovery because real interest rates may rise, increasing the burden of public debt and leading to a stagnation of consumption and investment rates In addition, in recent months, a strained geopolitical situation has emerged. Tensions in Ukraine with implications for the relationship between Russia and much of the Western world, as well as between China and Japan, have become more evident. Although the implications of these tensions have not yet fully materialized, they could cause a great deal of disruption in the highly interdependent, global macroeconomic outlook. Finally, one of the legacies of the economic crisis is the acceleration of income inequality in many  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 4 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 countries, which can cause important economic and social tensions if not properly addressed Against this backdrop, it is clear that this is no time to be complacent. The risks to the global economic outlook remain very real. Past measures, mainly based on expansionary monetary policies, have helped to temporarily avoid a deeper recession and set the foundations for the global recovery in the short term However, ensuring sustained growth in the long run will depend not on monetary policies, but on boosting the level of productivity of economies. In order to achieve higher levels of productivity, new actions in terms of engaging in much-needed structural reform and productivity-enhancing investments are required These measures are not only important, as they have always been, but they are also becoming urgent if we are to solidify and accelerate the recovery to create new opportunities and new jobs for larger segments of the population For more than three decades, the World Economic Forum†s annual Global Competitiveness Report has studied and benchmarked the many factors underpinning national competitiveness. From the onset the goal has been to provide insight and stimulate discussion among all stakeholders about the best strategies and policies to help countries to overcome the obstacles to improving competitiveness. In the current economic context, this work is a critical reminder of the importance of sound structural economic fundamentals for sustained growth Since 2005, the World Economic Forum has based its competitiveness analysis on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), a comprehensive tool that measures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness. 1 Recognizing that competitiveness may also be analyzed at other geographical levels, the Forum†through its Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness†has engaged in a parallel strand of work to analyze the drivers of competitiveness at the level of the city. Boxâ 1 presents some of the main conclusions of this work In addition, in order to better place the discussion of competitiveness into a societal and environmental context, the Forum has begun exploring the complex relationship between competitiveness and sustainability as measured by its social and environmental dimension The work carried out to date on these important aspects of human and economic development is described in Chapter 1. 2 of this Report The final objective of the Forum†s work in this area is to inform a series of structured multi-stakeholder dialogues that can raise awareness and rally support geared toward the transformation of countries, regions or cities to assist them to become more competitive offer enhanced opportunities, and raise prosperity THE 12 PILLARS OF COMPETITIVENESS We define competitiveness as the set of institutions policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country. The level of productivity, in turn, sets the level of prosperity that can be reached by an economy. The productivity level also determines the rates of return obtained by investments in an economy which in turn are the fundamental drivers of its growth rates. In other words, a more competitive economy is one that is likely to grow faster over time The concept of competitiveness thus involves static and dynamic components. Although the productivity of a country determines its ability to sustain a high level of income, it is also one of the central determinants of its return on investment, which is one of the key factors explaining an economy†s growth potential Many determinants drive productivity and competitiveness. Understanding the factors behind this process has occupied the minds of economists for hundreds of years, engendering theories ranging from Adam Smith†s focus on specialization and the division of labor to neoclassical economists†emphasis on investment in physical capital and infrastructure, 2 and, more recently, to interest in other mechanisms such as education and training, technological progress macroeconomic stability, good governance, firm sophistication, and market efficiency, among others While all of these factors are likely to be important for competitiveness and growth, they are not mutually exclusive†two or more of them can be significant at the same time, and in fact that is what has been shown in the economic literature. 3 This open-endedness is captured within the GCI by including a weighted average of many different components, each measuring a different aspect of competitiveness. In addition, Appendix A assesses statistically the robustness of the GCI as an appropriate estimate of the level of productivity and competitiveness of an economy The components are grouped into 12 pillars of competitiveness First pillar: Institutions The institutional environment is determined by the legal and administrative framework within which individuals firms, and governments interact to generate wealth. The importance of a sound and fair institutional environment has become all the more apparent during the recent economic and financial crisis and is especially crucial for further solidifying the fragile recovery, given the increasing role played by the state at the international level and for the economies of many countries The quality of institutions has a strong bearing on competitiveness and growth. 4 It influences investment decisions and the organization of production and plays a key role in the ways in which societies distribute the  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 5 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 by the Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness More than ever, cities are the lifeblood of the global economy Increasingly they determine the wealth of nations, which is why the World Economic Forum†s Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness has published recently a study on the competitiveness of cities. 1 â€oecompetitiveness†hinges on the productivity of the city†that is, its ability to use available inputs efficiently to drive sustainable economic growth and prosperity Never before has urbanized the world at the speed and scale that it is doing today. As of 2010, for the first time in history, over half the world†s population lives in cities. Urban dwellers already account for over 80 percent of global GDP According to the United nations, 2 globally, an additional 2. 5 billion people will move to urban areas by 2050. For the foreseeable future, rapid urbanization will be an almost -exclusively non-Western affair: 94 percent of those who will move to cities in the next few decades will come from the developing world. Mckinsey Global Institute estimates that by 2025, the developing world†s top 443 cities will account for close to half of global GDP growth and 18 percent of global GDP. 3 These cities will contain the bulk of about 1 billion new middle-class consumers Through 33 case studies of cities around the world†including cities with different endowments, at different stages of development, and with different levels of success†the Forum†s study extracts key lessons for city competitiveness and offers the following checklist of four items, which constitute a â€oewhat-to-reform, how-to-reform†agenda •First, think institutions†the decision-making framework of the city. Leadership and vision†a clear, farsighted view of where cities should head, and a single-minded practi -cal will to ensure they get there†show the power of city leaders as CEOS •Second, think of the regulatory framework for the city†s business climate. â€oegetting the basics right††which involves stable and prudent fiscal policies, including efficient and simple taxation; a flexible labor market openness to trade and foreign investment; simple and transparent business regulation†is the primary lesson for good public policy, at both national and municipal levels Cities should develop their own foreign economic policies on trade, foreign investment, tourism, and attracting for -eign talent, and go global as far as they can •Third, think â€oehard connectivity††the city†s core physical infrastructure. Cities need a mix of planning and organic growth, which are complements of one another, not substitutes for each other. Manhattan is a great example given both its street grid and the organic expansion it has experienced over the past two centuries •Fourth, think â€oesoft connectivity††the city†s social capital Education is the ultimate soft connectivity. US cities such as Boston, Pittsburgh, and St louis have escaped post -industrial decline and specialized in knowledge-intensive niches by capitalizing on their strengths in education Next, cities need to facilitate digital infrastructure to sup -port human-computing interfaces that empower indi -viduals. And making cities more liveable†improving the quality of urban life†must become a higher priority for upper-middle-income and high-income cities The study also draws a set of concluding observations that need to be taken into account when engaging in reform process: First, successful cities are those that are flexible and adapt quickly to changing conditions. That observation is borne out by the case studies of successful cities in the study. The alternative is to get stuck in mono-industrial mono-cultural decline. Second, the right mix of priorities requires tailoring to specific conditions and stages of city development. Most obviously, priorities for a Western city with a stable population, facing sluggish growth, unemployment and an aging population will be quite different from those of an emerging-market city with lower income levels, high growth potential, a quickly expanding population, and big gaps in infrastructure. And finally, reforms at the municipal level are usually more feasible than at the national level, even when the same reforms seem impossible in national capitals Urbanization trends enlarge these possibilities. Cities should grasp this opportunity, experiment with new rules, and put reforms on a fast track Notes 1 The World Economic Forum†s Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness seeks to raise awareness of the importance of competitiveness for economic growth and to identify ways countries can systematically transform their economies. It monitors key trends, identifies global risks, charts relationships addresses gaps in knowledge and recommends ways to address global challenges Members of the Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness 2012†2014) are: Razeen Sally, Visiting Associate professor Lee kuan yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Chair; Clã ment Gignac, Chief Economist and Senior vice-president, Industrial Alliance Insurance and Financial services, Canada (Vice Chair; Deborah L. Wince-Smith President, Council on Competitiveness, USA (Vice Chair; Orlando Ayala, Chairman, Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA Jon Azua, President and Chief executive officer, Enovatinglab Spain; Catalina Crane, High Presidential Adviser for Public and Private Affairs, Office of the President of Colombia, Colombia Mohamed El Dahshan, Regional Economist, African Development Bank; Janamitra Devan, Independent Adviser, Strategy and Leadership, USA; Gao Changlin, Deputy Director-General Exchange, Development and Service Center for Science and Technology (STTC), People†s Republic of china; Amina Ghanem Executive director, Egyptian National Competitiveness Council Egypt; Arancha Gonzalez Laya, Executive director, International Trade Centre (ITC), Geneva; Ghassan Hasbani, Chief executive Officer, Graycoats, Lebanon; Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland; Kevin X. Murphy, President and Chief executive officer, J. E. Austin Associates (JAA), USA; Arvind Panagariya, Jagdish Bhagwati Professor of Indian Political economy, School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Columbia University, USA; Xavier Sala -i-Martin, Professor, Economics department, Columbia University USA; Tong Jiadong, Vice-president, Nankai University, People†s Republic of china; and Jose Antonio Torre Medina, Director Urbanism and Infrastructure, Monterrey Institute of technology and Higher education (ITESM), Mexico 2 United nations 2014 3 Dobbs et al. 2012, p. 5 Box 1: The competitiveness of cities: A taxonomy of drivers and success factors  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 6 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 benefits and bear the costs of development strategies and policies. For example, owners of land, corporate shares, or intellectual property are unwilling to invest in the improvement and upkeep of their property if their rights as owners are protected not. 5 The role of institutions goes beyond the legal framework. Government attitudes toward markets and freedoms and the efficiency of its operations are also very important: excessive bureaucracy and red tape, 6 overregulation, corruption, dishonesty in dealing with public contracts, lack of transparency and trustworthiness, inability to provide appropriate services for the business sector, and political dependence of the judicial system impose significant economic costs to businesses and slow the process of economic development In addition, the proper management of public finances is critical for ensuring trust in the national business environment. Indicators capturing the quality of government management of public finances are therefore included here to complement the measures of macroeconomic stability captured in pillar 3 Although the economic literature has focused mainly on public institutions, private institutions are also an important element in the process of creating wealth. The global financial crisis, along with numerous corporate scandals, has highlighted the relevance of accounting and reporting standards and transparency for preventing fraud and mismanagement, ensuring good governance, and maintaining investor and consumer confidence. An economy is served well by businesses that are run honestly, where managers abide by strong ethical practices in their dealings with the government other firms, and the public at large. 7 Private-sector transparency is indispensable to business; it can be brought about through the use of standards as well as auditing and accounting practices that ensure access to information in a timely manner. 8 Second pillar: Infrastructure Extensive and efficient infrastructure is critical for ensuring the effective functioning of the economy, as it is an important factor in determining the location of economic activity and the kinds of activities or sectors that can develop within a country. Well-developed infrastructure reduces the effect of distance between regions, integrating the national market and connecting it at low cost to markets in other countries and regions. In addition, the quality and extensiveness of infrastructure networks significantly impact economic growth and reduce income inequalities and poverty in a variety of ways. 9 A well-developed transport and communications infrastructure network is a prerequisite for the access of less-developed communities to core economic activities and services Effective modes of transport†including quality roads, railroads, ports, and air transport†enable entrepreneurs to get their goods and services to market in a secure and timely manner and facilitate the movement of workers to the most suitable jobs Economies also depend on electricity supplies that are free from interruptions and shortages so that businesses and factories can work unimpeded. Finally, a solid and extensive telecommunications network allows for a rapid and free flow of information, which increases overall economic efficiency by helping to ensure that businesses can communicate and decisions are made by economic actors taking into account all available relevant information Third pillar: Macroeconomic environment The stability of the macroeconomic environment is important for business and, therefore, is significant for the overall competitiveness of a country. 10 Although it is certainly true that macroeconomic stability alone cannot increase the productivity of a nation, it is recognized also that macroeconomic disarray harms the economy, as we have seen in recent years, conspicuously in the European context. The government cannot provide services efficiently if it has to make high-interest payments on its past debts. Running fiscal deficits limits the government†s future ability to react to business cycles. Firms cannot operate efficiently when inflation rates are out of hand. In sum, the economy cannot grow in a sustainable manner unless the macro environment is stable. Macroeconomic stability captured the attention of the public most recently when some advanced economies, notably the United states and some European countries, needed to take urgent action to prevent macroeconomic instability when their public debt reached unsustainable levels in the wake of the global financial crisis It is important to note that this pillar evaluates the stability of the macroeconomic environment, so it does not directly take into account the way in which public accounts are managed by the government. This qualitative dimension is captured in the institutions pillar described above Fourth pillar: Health and primary education A healthy workforce is vital to a country†s competitiveness and productivity. Workers who are ill cannot function to their potential and will be less productive. Poor health leads to significant costs to business, as sick workers are often absent or operate at lower levels of efficiency. Investment in the provision of health services is thus critical for clear economic, as well as moral, considerations. 11 In addition to health, this pillar takes into account the quantity and quality of the basic education received by the population, which is increasingly important in today†s  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 7 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 economy. Basic education increases the efficiency of each individual worker. Moreover, often workers who have received little formal education can carry out only simple manual tasks and find it much more difficult to adapt to more advanced production processes and techniques, and therefore they contribute less to devising or executing innovations. In other words, lack of basic education can become a constraint on business development, with firms finding it difficult to move up the value chain by producing more sophisticated or value -intensive products Fifth pillar: Higher education and training Quality higher education and training is crucial for economies that want to move up the value chain beyond simple production processes and products. 12 In particular, today†s globalizing economy requires countries to nurture pools of well-educated workers who are able to perform complex tasks and adapt rapidly to their changing environment and the evolving needs of the production system. This pillar measures secondary and tertiary enrollment rates as well as the quality of education as evaluated by business leaders. The extent of staff training is taken also into consideration because of the importance of vocational and continuous on-the -job training†which is neglected in many economies†for ensuring a constant upgrading of workers†skills Sixth pillar: Goods market efficiency Countries with efficient goods markets are well positioned to produce the right mix of products and services given their particular supply-and-demand conditions, as well as to ensure that these goods can be traded most effectively in the economy. Healthy market competition, both domestic and foreign, is important in driving market efficiency, and thus business productivity, by ensuring that the most efficient firms producing goods demanded by the market, are those that thrive. The best possible environment for the exchange of goods requires a minimum of government intervention that impedes business activity. For example, competitiveness is hindered by distortionary or burdensome taxes and by restrictive and discriminatory rules on foreign direct investment (FDI) †which limit foreign ownership†as well as on international trade. The recent economic crisis has highlighted the high degree of interdependence of economies worldwide and the degree to which growth depends on open markets Protectionist measures are counterproductive as they reduce aggregate economic activity Market efficiency also depends on demand conditions such as customer orientation and buyer sophistication. For cultural or historical reasons customers may be more demanding in some countries than in others. This can create an important competitive advantage, as it forces companies to be more innovative and customer-oriented and thus imposes the discipline necessary for efficiency to be achieved in the market Seventh pillar: Labor market efficiency The efficiency and flexibility of the labor market are critical for ensuring that workers are allocated to their most effective use in the economy and provided with incentives to give their best effort in their jobs. Labor markets must therefore have the flexibility to shift workers from one economic activity to another rapidly and at low cost, and to allow for wage fluctuations without much social disruption. 13 The importance of the latter has been highlighted dramatically by events in Arab countries, where rigid labor markets were an important cause of high youth unemployment. Youth unemployment continues to be high in a number of European countries as well, where important barriers to entry into the labor market remain in place Efficient labor markets must also ensure clear strong incentives for employees and efforts to promote meritocracy at the workplace, and they must provide equity in the business environment between women and men. Taken together these factors have a positive effect on worker performance and the attractiveness of the country for talent, two aspects that are growing more important as talent shortages loom on the horizon Eighth pillar: Financial market development The financial and economic crisis has highlighted the central role of a sound and well-functioning financial sector for economic activities. An efficient financial sector allocates the resources saved by a nation†s citizens, as well as those entering the economy from abroad, to their most productive uses. It channels resources to those entrepreneurial or investment projects with the highest expected rates of return rather than to the politically connected. A thorough and proper assessment of risk is therefore a key ingredient of a sound financial market Business investment is also critical to productivity Therefore economies require sophisticated financial markets that can make capital available for private-sector investment from such sources as loans from a sound banking sector, well-regulated securities exchanges venture capital, and other financial products. In order to fulfill all those functions, the banking sector needs to be trustworthy and transparent, and†as has been made so clear recently†financial markets need appropriate regulation to protect investors and other actors in the economy at large Ninth pillar: Technological readiness In today†s globalized world, technology is increasingly essential for firms to compete and prosper. The technological readiness pillar measures the agility with which an economy adopts existing technologies to  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 8 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 enhance the productivity of its industries, with specific emphasis on its capacity to fully leverage information and communication technologies (ICTS) in daily activities and production processes for increased efficiency and enabling innovation for competitiveness. 14 ICTS have evolved into the â€oegeneral purpose technology†of our time, 15 given their critical spillovers to other economic sectors and their role as industry-wide enabling infrastructure. Therefore ICT access and usage are key enablers of countries†overall technological readiness Whether the technology used has or has not been developed within national borders is irrelevant for its ability to enhance productivity. The central point is that the firms operating in the country need to have access to advanced products and blueprints and the ability to absorb and use them. Among the main sources of foreign technology, FDI often plays a key role, especially for countries at a less advanced stage of technological development. It is important to note that, in this context, the level of technology available to firms in a country needs to be distinguished from the country†s ability to conduct blue-sky research and develop new technologies for innovation that expand the frontiers of knowledge. That is why we separate technological readiness from innovation, captured in the 12th pillar described below Tenth pillar: Market size The size of the market affects productivity since large markets allow firms to exploit economies of scale Traditionally, the markets available to firms have been constrained by national borders. In the era of globalization, international markets have become a substitute for domestic markets, especially for small countries. Vast empirical evidence shows that trade openness is associated positively with growth. Even if some recent research casts doubts on the robustness of this relationship, there is a general sense that trade has a positive effect on growth, especially for countries with small domestic markets. 16 Thus exports can be thought of as a substitute for domestic demand in determining the size of the market for the firms of a country. 17 By including both domestic and foreign markets in our measure of market size, we give credit to export-driven economies and geographic areas (such as the European union) that are divided into many countries but have a single common market Eleventh pillar: Business sophistication There is no doubt that sophisticated business practices are conducive to higher efficiency in the production of goods and services. Business sophistication concerns two elements that are linked intricately: the quality of a country†s overall business networks and the quality of individual firms†operations and strategies. These factors are especially important for countries at an advanced stage of development when, to a large extent, the more basic sources of productivity improvements have been exhausted. The quality of a country†s business networks and supporting industries, as measured by the quantity and quality of local suppliers and the extent of their interaction, is important for a variety of reasons When companies and suppliers from a particular sector are interconnected in geographically proximate groups, called clusters, efficiency is heightened, greater opportunities for innovation in processes and products are created, and barriers to entry for new firms are reduced. Individual firms†advanced operations and strategies (branding, marketing, distribution, advanced production processes, and the production of unique and sophisticated products) spill over into the economy and lead to sophisticated and modern business processes across the country†s business sectors Twelfth pillar: Innovation Innovation can emerge from new technological and non -technological knowledge. Non-technological innovations are closely related to the know-how, skills, and working conditions that are embedded in organizations and are covered therefore largely by the eleventh pillar of the GCI. The final pillar of competitiveness focuses on technological innovation. Although substantial gains can be obtained by improving institutions, building infrastructure, reducing macroeconomic instability, or improving human capital, all these factors eventually run into diminishing returns. The same is true for the efficiency of the labor, financial, and goods markets. In the long run, standards of living can be enhanced largely by technological innovation. Technological breakthroughs have been at the basis of many of the productivity gains that our economies have experienced historically These range from the industrial revolution in the 18th century and the invention of the steam engine and the generation of electricity to the more recent digital revolution. The latter is not only transforming the way things are being done, but also opening a wider range of new possibilities in terms of products and services Innovation is particularly important for economies as they approach the frontiers of knowledge, and the possibility of generating more value by merely integrating and adapting exogenous technologies tends to disappear. 18 Although less-advanced countries can still improve their productivity by adopting existing technologies or making incremental improvements in other areas for those that have reached the innovation stage of development this is no longer sufficient for increasing productivity. Firms in these countries must design and develop cutting-edge products and processes to maintain a competitive edge and move toward even higher value-added activities. This progression requires an environment that is conducive to innovative activity and supported by both the public and the private  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 9 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 sectors. In particular, it means sufficient investment in research and development (R&d), especially by the private sector; the presence of high-quality scientific research institutions that can generate the basic knowledge needed to build the new technologies extensive collaboration in research and technological developments between universities and industry; and the protection of intellectual property, in addition to high levels of competition and access to venture capital and financing that are analyzed in other pillars of the Index In light of the recent sluggish recovery and rising fiscal pressures faced by advanced economies, it is important that public and private sectors resist pressures to cut back on the R&d spending that will be so critical for sustainable growth into the future The interrelation of the 12 pillars Although we report the results of the 12 pillars of competitiveness separately, it is important to keep in mind that they are not independent: they tend to reinforce each other, and a weakness in one area often has a negative impact in others. For example, a strong innovation capacity (pillar 12) will be very difficult to achieve without a healthy, well-educated and trained workforce (pillars 4 and 5) that is adept at absorbing new technologies (pillar 9), and without sufficient financing pillar 8) for R&d or an efficient goods market that makes it possible to take new innovations to market (pillar 6 Although the pillars are aggregated into a single index measures are reported for the 12 pillars separately because such details provide a sense of the specific areas in which a particular country needs to improve Appendix B describes the exact composition of the GCI and the technical details of its construction STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE WEIGHTED INDEX While all of the pillars described above will matter to a certain extent for all economies, it is clear that they will affect different economies in different ways: the best way for Cambodia to improve its competitiveness is not the same as the best way for France to do so. This is because Cambodia and France are in different stages of development: as countries move along the development path, wages tend to increase and, in order to sustain this higher income, labor productivity must improve In line with well-known economic theory of stages of development, the GCI assumes that, in the first stage, the economy is driven factor and countries compete based on their factor endowments†primarily Pillar 5. Higher education and training Pillar 6. Goods market efficiency Pillar 7. Labor market efficiency Pillar 8. Financial market development Pillar 9. Technological readiness Pillar 10. Market size Pillar 11. Business sophistication Pillar 12. Innovation Pillar 1. Institutions Pillar 2. Infrastructure Pillar 3. Macroeconomic environment Pillar 4. Health and primary education Figure 1: The Global Competitiveness Index framework Key for factor-driven economies Key for efficiency-driven economies Key for innovation-driven economies Pillar 1. Institutions Pillar 2. Infrastructure Pillar 3. Macroeconomic environment Pillar 4. Health and primary education Pillar 11. Business sophistication Pillar 12. Innovation Pillar 5. Higher education and training Pillar 6. Goods market efficiency Pillar 7. Labor market efficiency Pillar 8. Financial market development Pillar 9. Technological readiness Pillar 10. Market size Basic requirements subindex Efficiency enhancers subindex Innovation and sophistication factors subindex Note: See the appendix for the detailed structure of the GCI GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 10 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 unskilled labor and natural resources. 19 Companies compete on the basis of price and sell basic products or commodities, with their low productivity reflected in low wages. Maintaining competitiveness at this stage of development hinges primarily on well-functioning public and private institutions (pillar 1), a well-developed infrastructure (pillar 2), a stable macroeconomic environment (pillar 3), and a healthy workforce that has received at least a basic education (pillar 4 As a country becomes more competitive productivity will increase and wages will rise with advancing development. Countries will then move into the efficiency-driven stage of development, when they must begin to develop more efficient production processes and increase product quality because wages have risen and they cannot increase prices. At this point, competitiveness is driven increasingly by higher education and training (pillar 5), efficient goods markets (pillar 6), well-functioning labor markets (pillar 7), developed financial markets (pillar 8), the ability to harness the benefits of existing technologies (pillar 9 and a large domestic or foreign market (pillar 10 Finally, as countries move into the innovation-driven stage, wages will have risen by so much that they are able to sustain those higher wages and the associated standard of living only if their businesses are able to compete with new and unique products. At this stage companies must compete by producing new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes (pillar 11) and by innovating new ones (pillar 12 The GCI takes the stages of development into account by attributing higher relative weights to those pillars that are more relevant for an economy given its particular stage of development. That is, although all 12 pillars matter to a certain extent for all countries, the relative importance of each one depends on a country†s particular stage of development. To implement this concept, the pillars are organized into three subindexes each critical to a particular stage of development The basic requirements subindex groups those pillars most critical for countries in the factor-driven stage. The efficiency enhancers subindex includes those pillars critical for countries in the efficiency-driven stage. And the innovation and sophistication factors subindex includes the pillars critical to countries in the innovation-driven stage. The three subindexes are shown in Figureâ 1 The weights attributed to each subindex in every stage of development are shown in Tableâ 1. To obtain the weights shown in the table, a maximum likelihood regression of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was run against each subindex for past years, allowing for different coefficients for each stage of development. 20 The rounding of these econometric estimates led to the choice of weights displayed in Tableâ 1 Implementation of stages of development Two criteria are used to allocate countries into stages of development. The first is the level of GDP per capita at market exchange rates. This widely available measure is used as a proxy for wages because internationally comparable data on wages are not available for all countries covered. The thresholds used are shown also in Tableâ 1. A second criterion is used to adjust for countries that, based on income, would have moved beyond stage 1, but where prosperity is based on the extraction of resources. This is measured by the share of exports of mineral goods in total exports (goods and services), and assumes that countries with more than 70 percent of their exports made up of mineral products measured using a five-year average) are to a large extent factor driven. 21 However, for some resource-based economies that have reached very high levels of income the capacity to increase the productivity of any other sector beyond mineral production will be based on the country†s capacity to boost innovation, because adopting technology from abroad is not sufficient to increase productivity enough to sustain their high wage levels At the same time, these countries can afford to invest in innovation, given their high income. Consequently countries that are driven resource and significantly wealthier than economies at the technological frontier are classified in the innovation-driven stage. 22 Any countries falling between two of the three stages are considered to be â€oein transition. †For these countries, the weights Table 1: Subindex weights and income thresholds for stages of development STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT Stage 1: Transition from Stage 2: Transition from Stage 3 Factor-driven stage 1 to stage 2 Efficiency-driven stage 2 to stage 3 Innovation-driven GDP per capita (US$) thresholds*<2, 000 2, 000†2, 999 3, 000†8, 999 9, 000†17,000>17,000 Weight for basic requirements 60%40†60%40%20†40%20 %Weight for efficiency enhancers 35%35†50%50%50%50 %Weight for innovation and sophistication factors 5%5†10%10%10†30%30 %Note: See individual country/economy profiles for the exact applied weights *For economies with a high dependency on mineral resources, GDP per capita is not the sole criterion for the determination of the stage of development. See text for details  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 11 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 change smoothly as a country develops, reflecting the smooth transition from one stage of development to another. This allows us to place increasingly more weight on those areas that are becoming more important for the country†s competitiveness as the country develops ensuring that the GCI can gradually â€oepenalize†those countries that are not preparing for the next stage. The classification of countries into stages of development is shown in Tableâ 2 DATA SOURCES To measure these concepts, the GCI uses statistical data such as enrollment rates, government debt, budget deficit, and life expectancy. These data are obtained from internationally recognized agencies, notably the United nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World health organization (WHO The descriptions and data sources of all these statistical variables are summarized in the Technical Notes and Sources at the end of this Report. Furthermore, the GCI uses data from the World Economic Forum†s annual Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) to capture concepts that require a more qualitative assessment or for which internationally comparable statistical data are not available for the entire set of economies. The Survey process and the statistical treatment of data are described in detail in Chapter 1. 3 of this Report COUNTRY COVERAGE This year the Report covers 144 economies. In this edition, because of data availability issues, we could not include Benin, Bosnia and herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Ecuador, or Liberia. On the other hand Tajikistan, which could not be included in the last edition is reinstated this year Table 2: Countries/economies at each stage of development Stage 1 Factor-driven 37 economies Transition from stage 1 to stage 2 16 economies Stage 2 Efficiency-driven 30 economies Transition from stage 2 to stage 3 24 economies Stage 3 Innovation-driven 37 economies Bangladesh Algeria Albania Argentina Australia Burkina faso Angola Armenia Bahrain Austria Burundi Azerbaijan Bulgaria Barbados Belgium Cambodia Bhutan Cape verde Brazil Canada Cameroon Bolivia China Chile Cyprus Chad Botswana Colombia Costa rica Czech republic CÃ'te d'Ivoire Gabon Dominican republic Croatia Denmark Ethiopia Honduras Egypt Hungary Estonia Gambia, The Iran, Islamic Rep. El salvador Kazakhstan Finland Ghana Kuwait Georgia Latvia France Guinea Libya Guatemala Lebanon Germany Haiti Moldova Guyana Lithuania Greece India Mongolia Indonesia Malaysia Hong kong SAR Kenya Philippines Jamaica Mauritius Iceland Kyrgyz Republic Saudi arabia Jordan Mexico Ireland Lao PDR Venezuela Macedonia, FYR Oman Israel Lesotho Montenegro Panama Italy Madagascar Morocco Poland Japan Malawi Namibia Russian Federation Korea, Rep Mali Paraguay Seychelles Luxembourg Mauritania Peru Suriname Malta Mozambique Romania Turkey Netherlands Myanmar Serbia United arab emirates New zealand Nepal South africa Uruguay Norway Nicaragua Sri lanka Portugal Nigeria Swaziland Puerto rico Pakistan Thailand Qatar Rwanda Timor-Leste Singapore Senegal Tunisia Slovak Republic Sierra leone Ukraine Slovenia Tajikistan Spain Tanzania Sweden Uganda Switzerland Vietnam Taiwan, China Yemen Trinidad and tobago Zambia United kingdom Zimbabwe United states  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 12 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX The Global Competitiveness Index has been used as an important tool by policymakers of many countries over the years. Since its first publication in 2005, the Index has become widely recognized as one of the key assessments of global competitiveness as defined by the World Economic Forum As we approach the 10th anniversary of its creation and in order to keep the GCI at the cutting edge of thinking and research, the World Economic Forum has engaged in a review of the Index. This two-year process will gather insights from high-level experts in academia along with practitioners and business leaders to identify the improvements needed to capture the evolving nature of the drivers of competitiveness. Since the start of this process in September 2013, the Forum has made progress in evaluating the nature of the adjustments that should be made and identifying potential new measures to be included in the Index. This progress has been possible thanks to the insights gathered in a series of workshops and sessions that took place at the Forum†s Annual Meeting in Davos in January 2014 and in an expert workshop that took place in Geneva in June 2014 Further events are planned to continue this review With this endeavor, the Forum aims to remain at the forefront of the effort to provide policymakers and business and civil society leaders with a relevant tool that can measure and benchmark the drivers of competitiveness and prosperity in an economy, and that can stimulate a constructive dialogue to catalyze the needed reforms and productive investments THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX 2014†2015 RANKINGS Tables 3 through 7 provide the detailed rankings of this year†s GCI. The following sections discuss the findings of the GCI 2014†2015 for the top performers globally, as well as for a number of selected economies in each of the five following regions: Europe and Eurasia; Asia and the Pacific; Latin america and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North africa, and Sub-saharan africa. 23 Top 10 The top of the rankings continues to be dominated by highly advanced Western economies and several Asian tigers. For the sixth consecutive year Switzerland leads the top 10, and again this year Singapore ranks as the second-most competitive economy in the world. Overall the rankings at the top have remained rather stable although it is worth noting the significant progress made by the United states, which climbs to 3rd place this year and Japan, which rises three ranks to 6th position Switzerland tops the Global Competitiveness Index again this year, keeping its 1st place for six years in a row. Its performance is stable since last year and remarkably consistent across the board: the country ranks in the top 10 of eight pillars. Switzerland†s top -notch academic institutions, high spending on R&d and strong cooperation between the academic and business worlds contribute to making it a top innovator Switzerland boasts the highest number of Patent Cooperation Treaty applications per capita in the world The sophistication of companies that operate at the highest end of the value chain constitutes another notable strength (2nd. Productivity is enhanced further by an excellent education system and a business sector that offers excellent on-the-job-training opportunities The labor market balances employee protection with flexibility and the country†s business needs (1st. Public institutions are among the most effective and transparent in the world (7th), ensuring a level playing field and enhancing business confidence. Competitiveness is also buttressed by excellent infrastructure and connectivity 5th) and highly developed financial markets (11th. Finally Switzerland†s macroeconomic environment is among the most stable in the world (12th) at a time when many European countries continue to struggle in this area. A potential threat to Switzerland†s competitive edge might be the increasing difficulties faced by businesses and research institutions in finding the talent they need to preserve their outstanding capacity to innovate. Since 2012, the country has dropped from 14th to 24th on the indicator measuring the availability of engineers and scientists. Respondents to the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 cited the difficulty of finding qualified workers as the single most problematic factor for doing business in the country. The recent acceptance by Swiss citizens of an initiative aimed at limiting the ability of European Union (EU) workers to immigrate by reintroducing quotas could exacerbate the problem and erode Switzerland†s competitiveness advantage Singapore ranks 2nd overall for the fourth consecutive year, owing to an outstanding and stable performance across all the dimensions of the GCI Again this year, Singapore is the only economy to feature in the top 3 in seven out of the 12 pillars; it also appears in the top 10 of two other pillars. Singapore tops the goods market efficiency pillar and places 2nd in the labor market efficiency and financial market development pillars. Furthermore, the city-state boasts one of the world†s best institutional frameworks (3rd even though it loses the top spot to New zealand in that category of the Index. Singapore possesses world-class infrastructure (2nd), with excellent roads, ports, and air transport facilities. Its economy can also rely on a sound macroeconomic environment and fiscal management 15th) †its budget surplus amounted to 6. 9 percent of GDP in 2013. Singapore†s competitiveness is further enhanced by its strong focus on education, which has translated into a steady improvement of its ranking in the higher education and training pillar, where it comes in  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 13 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 GCI 2014†2015 Country/Economy Rank out of 144 Score 1†7 Rank among 2013†2014 economies *GCI 2013†2014 rank out of 148) †Switzerland 1 5. 70 1 1 Singapore 2 5. 65 2 2 United states 3 5. 54 3 5 Finland 4 5. 50 4 3 Germany 5 5. 49 5 4 Japan 6 5. 47 6 9 Hong kong SAR 7 5. 46 7 7 Netherlands 8 5. 45 8 8 United kingdom 9 5. 41 9 10 Sweden 10 5. 41 10 6 Norway 11 5. 35 11 11 United arab emirates 12 5. 33 12 19 Denmark 13 5. 29 13 15 Taiwan, China 14 5. 25 14 12 Canada 15 5. 24 15 14 Qatar 16 5. 24 16 13 New zealand 17 5. 20 17 18 Belgium 18 5. 18 18 17 Luxembourg 19 5. 17 19 22 Malaysia 20 5. 16 20 24 Austria 21 5. 16 21 16 Australia 22 5. 08 22 21 France 23 5. 08 23 23 Saudi arabia 24 5. 06 24 20 Ireland 25 4. 98 25 28 Korea, Rep. 26 4. 96 26 25 Israel 27 4. 95 27 27 China 28 4. 89 28 29 Estonia 29 4. 71 29 32 Iceland 30 4. 71 30 31 Thailand 31 4. 66 31 37 Puerto rico 32 4. 64 32 30 Chile 33 4. 60 33 34 Indonesia 34 4. 57 34 38 Spain 35 4. 55 35 35 Portugal 36 4. 54 36 51 Czech republic 37 4. 53 37 46 Azerbaijan 38 4. 53 38 39 Mauritius 39 4. 52 39 45 Kuwait 40 4. 51 40 36 Lithuania 41 4. 51 41 48 Latvia 42 4. 50 42 52 Poland 43 4. 48 43 42 Bahrain 44 4. 48 44 43 Turkey 45 4. 46 45 44 Oman 46 4. 46 46 33 Malta 47 4. 45 47 41 Panama 48 4. 43 48 40 Italy 49 4. 42 49 49 Kazakhstan 50 4. 42 50 50 Costa rica 51 4. 42 51 54 Philippines 52 4. 40 52 59 Russian Federation 53 4. 37 53 64 Bulgaria 54 4. 37 54 57 Barbados 55 4. 36 55 47 South africa 56 4. 35 56 53 Brazil 57 4. 34 57 56 Cyprus 58 4. 31 58 58 Romania 59 4. 30 59 76 Hungary 60 4. 28 60 63 Mexico 61 4. 27 61 55 Rwanda 62 4. 27 62 66 Macedonia, FYR 63 4. 26 63 73 Jordan 64 4. 25 64 68 Peru 65 4. 24 65 61 Colombia 66 4. 23 66 69 Montenegro 67 4. 23 67 67 Vietnam 68 4. 23 68 70 Georgia 69 4. 22 69 72 Slovenia 70 4. 22 70 62 India 71 4. 21 71 60 Morocco 72 4. 21 72 77 Table 3: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 rankings and 2013†2014 comparisons GCI 2014†2015 Country/Economy Rank out of 144 Score 1†7 Rank among 2013†2014 economies *GCI 2013†2014 rank out of 148) †Sri lanka 73 4. 19 73 65 Botswana 74 4. 15 74 74 Slovak Republic 75 4. 15 75 78 Ukraine 76 4. 14 76 84 Croatia 77 4. 13 77 75 Guatemala 78 4. 10 78 86 Algeria 79 4. 08 79 100 Uruguay 80 4. 04 80 85 Greece 81 4. 04 81 91 Moldova 82 4. 03 82 89 Iran, Islamic Rep. 83 4. 03 83 82 El salvador 84 4. 01 84 97 Armenia 85 4. 01 85 79 Jamaica 86 3. 98 86 94 Tunisia 87 3. 96 87 83 Namibia 88 3. 96 88 90 Trinidad and tobago 89 3. 95 89 92 Kenya 90 3. 93 90 96 Tajikistan 91 3. 93 n/a n/a Seychelles 92 3. 91 91 80 Lao PDR 93 3. 91 92 81 Serbia 94 3. 90 93 101 Cambodia 95 3. 89 94 88 Zambia 96 3. 86 95 93 Albania 97 3. 84 96 95 Mongolia 98 3. 83 97 107 Nicaragua 99 3. 82 98 99 Honduras 100 3. 82 99 111 Dominican republic 101 3. 82 100 105 Nepal 102 3. 81 101 117 Bhutan 103 3. 80 102 109 Argentina 104 3. 79 103 104 Bolivia 105 3. 77 104 98 Gabon 106 3. 74 105 112 Lesotho 107 3. 73 106 123 Kyrgyz Republic 108 3. 73 107 121 Bangladesh 109 3. 72 108 110 Suriname 110 3. 71 109 106 Ghana 111 3. 71 110 114 Senegal 112 3. 70 111 113 Lebanon 113 3. 68 112 103 Cape verde 114 3. 68 113 122 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 115 3. 67 114 126 Cameroon 116 3. 66 115 115 Guyana 117 3. 65 116 102 Ethiopia 118 3. 60 117 127 Egypt 119 3. 60 118 118 Paraguay 120 3. 59 119 119 Tanzania 121 3. 57 120 125 Uganda 122 3. 56 121 129 Swaziland 123 3. 55 122 124 Zimbabwe 124 3. 54 123 131 Gambia, The 125 3. 53 124 116 Libya 126 3. 48 125 108 Nigeria 127 3. 44 126 120 Mali 128 3. 43 127 135 Pakistan 129 3. 42 128 133 Madagascar 130 3. 41 129 132 Venezuela 131 3. 32 130 134 Malawi 132 3. 25 131 136 Mozambique 133 3. 24 132 137 Myanmar 134 3. 24 133 139 Burkina faso 135 3. 21 134 140 Timor-Leste 136 3. 17 135 138 Haiti 137 3. 14 136 143 Sierra leone 138 3. 10 137 144 Burundi 139 3. 09 138 146 Angola 140 3. 04 139 142 Mauritania 141 3. 00 140 141 Yemen 142 2. 96 141 145 Chad 143 2. 85 142 148 Guinea 144 2. 79 143 147 *This column ranks all those economies for 2014†2015 that have been covered both in the 2013†2014 and 2014†2015 editions, hence a constant sample of 143 economies. Tajikistan was not included in the analysis last year, and therefore appears as n/a †The 2013†2014 edition of the Global Competitiveness Report covered 148 economies  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 14 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 SUBINDEX OVERALL INDEX Basic requirements Efficiency enhancers Innovation and sophistication factors Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Switzerland 1 5. 70 4 6. 17 5 5. 49 1 5. 74 Singapore 2 5. 65 1 6. 34 2 5. 68 11 5. 13 United states 3 5. 54 33 5. 15 1 5. 71 5 5. 54 Finland 4 5. 50 8 5. 97 10 5. 27 3 5. 57 Germany 5 5. 49 11 5. 91 9 5. 28 4 5. 56 Japan 6 5. 47 25 5. 47 7 5. 35 2 5. 68 Hong kong SAR 7 5. 46 3 6. 19 3 5. 58 23 4. 75 Netherlands 8 5. 45 10 5. 95 8 5. 28 6 5. 41 United kingdom 9 5. 41 24 5. 49 4 5. 51 8 5. 21 Sweden 10 5. 41 12 5. 86 12 5. 25 7 5. 38 Norway 11 5. 35 6 6. 05 13 5. 24 16 5. 08 United arab emirates 12 5. 33 2 6. 20 14 5. 24 21 4. 83 Denmark 13 5. 29 13 5. 85 17 5. 11 9 5. 19 Taiwan, China 14 5. 25 14 5. 75 16 5. 14 13 5. 11 Canada 15 5. 24 18 5. 70 6 5. 37 24 4. 72 Qatar 16 5. 24 5 6. 12 20 4. 98 15 5. 09 New zealand 17 5. 20 9 5. 96 11 5. 26 25 4. 61 Belgium 18 5. 18 22 5. 53 18 5. 07 12 5. 11 Luxembourg 19 5. 17 7 6. 02 22 4. 97 18 4. 93 Malaysia 20 5. 16 23 5. 53 24 4. 95 17 4. 95 Austria 21 5. 16 16 5. 71 23 4. 96 14 5. 11 Australia 22 5. 08 17 5. 71 15 5. 16 26 4. 55 France 23 5. 08 26 5. 42 19 5. 07 19 4. 86 Saudi arabia 24 5. 06 15 5. 72 33 4. 64 32 4. 19 Ireland 25 4. 98 31 5. 19 21 4. 97 20 4. 85 Korea, Rep. 26 4. 96 20 5. 55 25 4. 83 22 4. 78 Israel 27 4. 95 36 5. 12 26 4. 75 10 5. 16 China 28 4. 89 28 5. 34 30 4. 68 33 4. 14 Estonia 29 4. 71 21 5. 54 27 4. 73 34 4. 14 Iceland 30 4. 71 27 5. 39 35 4. 60 28 4. 43 Thailand 31 4. 66 40 5. 01 39 4. 53 54 3. 84 Puerto rico 32 4. 64 68 4. 62 28 4. 72 27 4. 52 Chile 33 4. 60 30 5. 25 29 4. 68 49 3. 88 Indonesia 34 4. 57 46 4. 91 46 4. 38 30 4. 20 Spain 35 4. 55 42 4. 98 31 4. 67 39 4. 06 Portugal 36 4. 54 41 5. 00 37 4. 57 31 4. 19 Czech republic 37 4. 53 39 5. 02 34 4. 62 36 4. 07 Azerbaijan 38 4. 53 45 4. 93 71 4. 08 72 3. 59 Mauritius 39 4. 52 38 5. 04 59 4. 24 53 3. 85 Kuwait 40 4. 51 32 5. 16 83 3. 89 95 3. 38 Lithuania 41 4. 51 37 5. 08 38 4. 54 44 3. 97 Latvia 42 4. 50 34 5. 14 36 4. 60 61 3. 68 Poland 43 4. 48 55 4. 80 32 4. 64 63 3. 66 Bahrain 44 4. 48 29 5. 31 40 4. 51 55 3. 83 Turkey 45 4. 46 56 4. 76 45 4. 43 51 3. 86 Oman 46 4. 46 19 5. 66 49 4. 32 58 3. 76 Malta 47 4. 45 35 5. 13 44 4. 43 41 4. 03 Panama 48 4. 43 53 4. 82 55 4. 29 46 3. 95 Italy 49 4. 42 54 4. 82 47 4. 35 29 4. 26 Kazakhstan 50 4. 42 51 4. 85 48 4. 33 89 3. 45 Costa rica 51 4. 42 62 4. 70 56 4. 28 35 4. 13 Philippines 52 4. 40 66 4. 63 58 4. 27 48 3. 90 Russian Federation 53 4. 37 44 4. 94 41 4. 49 75 3. 54 Bulgaria 54 4. 37 59 4. 71 52 4. 31 106 3. 27 Barbados 55 4. 36 43 4. 96 54 4. 30 47 3. 92 South africa 56 4. 35 89 4. 30 43 4. 45 37 4. 07 Brazil 57 4. 34 83 4. 40 42 4. 46 56 3. 82 Cyprus 58 4. 31 58 4. 73 57 4. 28 38 4. 06 Romania 59 4. 30 77 4. 48 50 4. 32 78 3. 53 Hungary 60 4. 28 60 4. 71 53 4. 30 67 3. 62 Mexico 61 4. 27 69 4. 59 60 4. 20 59 3. 73 Rwanda 62 4. 27 67 4. 62 91 3. 77 66 3. 64 Macedonia, FYR 63 4. 26 64 4. 64 69 4. 09 76 3. 53 Jordan 64 4. 25 73 4. 53 70 4. 08 42 4. 02 Peru 65 4. 24 74 4. 52 62 4. 19 99 3. 34 Colombia 66 4. 23 78 4. 45 63 4. 17 64 3. 65 Montenegro 67 4. 23 61 4. 71 73 3. 99 77 3. 53 Vietnam 68 4. 23 79 4. 44 74 3. 99 98 3. 35 Georgia 69 4. 22 48 4. 88 79 3. 92 118 3. 10 Slovenia 70 4. 22 49 4. 86 64 4. 17 50 3. 88 India 71 4. 21 92 4. 25 61 4. 19 52 3. 86 Morocco 72 4. 21 57 4. 74 78 3. 92 82 3. 50 Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Cont†d  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 15 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 (cont†d SUBINDEX OVERALL INDEX Basic requirements Efficiency enhancers Innovation and sophistication factors Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Sri lanka 73 4. 19 75 4. 51 75 3. 97 43 4. 00 Botswana 74 4. 15 72 4. 53 84 3. 87 110 3. 22 Slovak Republic 75 4. 15 70 4. 58 51 4. 31 73 3. 59 Ukraine 76 4. 14 87 4. 36 67 4. 11 92 3. 41 Croatia 77 4. 13 63 4. 66 68 4. 11 87 3. 47 Guatemala 78 4. 10 84 4. 39 76 3. 95 62 3. 68 Algeria 79 4. 08 65 4. 64 125 3. 34 133 2. 91 Uruguay 80 4. 04 47 4. 90 72 4. 01 85 3. 47 Greece 81 4. 04 76 4. 50 65 4. 15 74 3. 55 Moldova 82 4. 03 90 4. 30 88 3. 82 129 2. 94 Iran, Islamic Rep. 83 4. 03 71 4. 57 98 3. 70 102 3. 33 El salvador 84 4. 01 80 4. 41 96 3. 71 45 3. 96 Armenia 85 4. 01 82 4. 40 87 3. 82 100 3. 34 Jamaica 86 3. 98 99 4. 11 77 3. 95 71 3. 60 Tunisia 87 3. 96 85 4. 38 94 3. 74 93 3. 40 Namibia 88 3. 96 81 4. 40 97 3. 71 91 3. 41 Trinidad and tobago 89 3. 95 52 4. 83 81 3. 90 88 3. 47 Kenya 90 3. 93 115 3. 82 66 4. 12 40 4. 03 Tajikistan 91 3. 93 94 4. 20 111 3. 53 81 3. 50 Seychelles 92 3. 91 50 4. 85 105 3. 58 69 3. 62 Lao PDR 93 3. 91 98 4. 13 107 3. 58 80 3. 51 Serbia 94 3. 90 101 4. 10 80 3. 90 121 3. 05 Cambodia 95 3. 89 103 4. 09 100 3. 65 116 3. 15 Zambia 96 3. 86 109 3. 88 86 3. 85 57 3. 76 Albania 97 3. 84 97 4. 14 95 3. 72 114 3. 17 Mongolia 98 3. 83 105 3. 99 92 3. 76 112 3. 20 Nicaragua 99 3. 82 96 4. 15 118 3. 38 125 2. 98 Honduras 100 3. 82 107 3. 97 99 3. 65 70 3. 61 Dominican republic 101 3. 82 106 3. 98 90 3. 77 90 3. 44 Nepal 102 3. 81 100 4. 11 115 3. 43 124 2. 98 Bhutan 103 3. 80 88 4. 33 123 3. 35 111 3. 22 Argentina 104 3. 79 104 4. 08 93 3. 75 96 3. 37 Bolivia 105 3. 77 93 4. 21 116 3. 40 94 3. 38 Gabon 106 3. 74 95 4. 15 119 3. 37 131 2. 93 Lesotho 107 3. 73 102 4. 09 130 3. 21 117 3. 12 Kyrgyz Republic 108 3. 73 110 3. 87 104 3. 59 126 2. 96 Bangladesh 109 3. 72 113 3. 84 103 3. 60 122 3. 02 Suriname 110 3. 71 86 4. 36 121 3. 35 123 3. 00 Ghana 111 3. 71 123 3. 68 89 3. 78 68 3. 62 Senegal 112 3. 70 120 3. 75 102 3. 62 65 3. 65 Lebanon 113 3. 68 127 3. 55 85 3. 86 101 3. 33 Cape verde 114 3. 68 91 4. 27 127 3. 29 109 3. 23 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 115 3. 67 119 3. 75 108 3. 58 86 3. 47 Cameroon 116 3. 66 116 3. 79 113 3. 48 84 3. 47 Guyana 117 3. 65 118 3. 76 109 3. 55 60 3. 69 Ethiopia 118 3. 60 117 3. 78 120 3. 37 119 3. 09 Egypt 119 3. 60 121 3. 73 106 3. 58 113 3. 18 Paraguay 120 3. 59 112 3. 85 112 3. 53 132 2. 92 Tanzania 121 3. 57 124 3. 67 114 3. 43 107 3. 26 Uganda 122 3. 56 126 3. 59 110 3. 53 104 3. 30 Swaziland 123 3. 55 108 3. 92 126 3. 32 108 3. 25 Zimbabwe 124 3. 54 114 3. 83 133 3. 12 127 2. 95 Gambia, The 125 3. 53 125 3. 60 117 3. 40 79 3. 52 Libya 126 3. 48 111 3. 86 137 3. 03 143 2. 49 Nigeria 127 3. 44 140 3. 18 82 3. 89 103 3. 30 Mali 128 3. 43 128 3. 54 129 3. 25 97 3. 36 Pakistan 129 3. 42 134 3. 28 101 3. 64 83 3. 48 Madagascar 130 3. 41 129 3. 52 128 3. 25 105 3. 27 Venezuela 131 3. 32 131 3. 36 124 3. 35 135 2. 71 Malawi 132 3. 25 139 3. 20 122 3. 35 115 3. 17 Mozambique 133 3. 24 133 3. 29 131 3. 19 120 3. 05 Myanmar 134 3. 24 132 3. 36 134 3. 11 139 2. 62 Burkina faso 135 3. 21 135 3. 25 132 3. 16 128 2. 95 Timor-Leste 136 3. 17 122 3. 71 141 2. 84 136 2. 69 Haiti 137 3. 14 136 3. 23 135 3. 08 140 2. 61 Sierra leone 138 3. 10 141 3. 14 136 3. 06 130 2. 93 Burundi 139 3. 09 130 3. 40 144 2. 62 137 2. 68 Angola 140 3. 04 137 3. 21 140 2. 84 144 2. 36 Mauritania 141 3. 00 138 3. 21 143 2. 69 138 2. 63 Yemen 142 2. 96 142 3. 03 139 2. 86 134 2. 77 Chad 143 2. 85 143 2. 93 142 2. 74 141 2. 55 Guinea 144 2. 79 144 2. 76 138 2. 88 142 2. 55 Note: Ranks out of 144 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 16 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Table 5: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015: Basic requirements PILLAR BASIC REQUIREMENTS 1. Institutions 2. Infrastructure 3. Macroeconomic environment 4. Health and primary education Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Albania 97 4. 14 103 3. 38 90 3. 52 122 3. 82 62 5. 85 Algeria 65 4. 64 101 3. 41 106 3. 12 11 6. 41 81 5. 61 Angola 137 3. 21 143 2. 61 139 2. 01 71 4. 70 136 3. 54 Argentina 104 4. 08 137 2. 79 89 3. 54 102 4. 22 67 5. 78 Armenia 82 4. 40 72 3. 82 78 3. 83 77 4. 62 99 5. 33 Australia 17 5. 71 19 5. 14 20 5. 60 30 5. 61 17 6. 46 Austria 16 5. 71 22 5. 09 13 5. 80 33 5. 51 19 6. 44 Azerbaijan 45 4. 93 60 3. 96 70 4. 12 9 6. 41 104 5. 24 Bahrain 29 5. 31 29 4. 70 31 5. 19 47 5. 19 40 6. 16 Bangladesh 113 3. 84 131 2. 96 127 2. 45 72 4. 69 102 5. 29 Barbados 43 4. 96 33 4. 64 28 5. 32 132 3. 42 16 6. 47 Belgium 22 5. 53 23 5. 08 18 5. 61 70 4. 70 2 6. 75 Bhutan 88 4. 33 38 4. 47 92 3. 49 119 3. 90 89 5. 47 Bolivia 93 4. 21 90 3. 53 109 3. 00 35 5. 47 109 4. 85 Botswana 72 4. 53 39 4. 47 101 3. 19 13 6. 30 127 4. 14 Brazil 83 4. 40 94 3. 47 76 3. 98 85 4. 49 77 5. 65 Bulgaria 59 4. 71 112 3. 32 74 4. 06 36 5. 45 51 6. 03 Burkina faso 135 3. 25 117 3. 28 141 2. 01 83 4. 55 141 3. 18 Burundi 130 3. 40 132 2. 92 140 2. 01 112 4. 02 114 4. 64 Cambodia 103 4. 09 119 3. 25 107 3. 05 80 4. 60 91 5. 44 Cameroon 116 3. 79 91 3. 53 126 2. 47 90 4. 45 112 4. 70 Canada 18 5. 70 14 5. 43 15 5. 74 51 5. 06 7 6. 58 Cape verde 91 4. 27 66 3. 89 104 3. 14 106 4. 11 57 5. 96 Chad 143 2. 93 140 2. 66 144 1. 67 73 4. 68 144 2. 72 Chile 30 5. 25 28 4. 82 49 4. 56 22 5. 88 70 5. 75 China 28 5. 34 47 4. 22 46 4. 66 10 6. 41 46 6. 08 Colombia 78 4. 45 111 3. 32 84 3. 66 29 5. 65 105 5. 19 Costa rica 62 4. 70 46 4. 26 73 4. 08 93 4. 40 48 6. 06 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 119 3. 75 86 3. 64 93 3. 41 68 4. 70 140 3. 25 Croatia 63 4. 66 87 3. 59 44 4. 72 91 4. 44 60 5. 91 Cyprus 58 4. 73 42 4. 39 45 4. 70 134 3. 32 9 6. 53 Czech republic 39 5. 02 76 3. 77 41 4. 75 40 5. 37 37 6. 20 Denmark 13 5. 85 16 5. 35 21 5. 59 16 6. 11 25 6. 37 Dominican republic 106 3. 98 116 3. 29 98 3. 26 94 4. 39 107 4. 98 Egypt 121 3. 73 100 3. 41 100 3. 20 141 2. 96 97 5. 37 El salvador 80 4. 41 99 3. 44 57 4. 34 100 4. 23 80 5. 61 Estonia 21 5. 54 26 4. 96 38 4. 85 20 6. 00 26 6. 33 Ethiopia 117 3. 78 96 3. 46 125 2. 49 95 4. 36 110 4. 82 Finland 8 5. 97 2 6. 08 19 5. 60 43 5. 32 1 6. 89 France 26 5. 42 32 4. 68 8 6. 03 82 4. 55 18 6. 44 Gabon 95 4. 15 79 3. 72 114 2. 86 18 6. 03 130 4. 01 Gambia, The 125 3. 60 44 4. 29 95 3. 27 142 2. 96 133 3. 88 Georgia 48 4. 88 48 4. 21 59 4. 31 48 5. 14 63 5. 84 Germany 11 5. 91 17 5. 23 7 6. 09 24 5. 83 14 6. 48 Ghana 123 3. 68 69 3. 85 108 3. 03 133 3. 38 121 4. 46 Greece 76 4. 50 85 3. 64 36 4. 88 135 3. 31 41 6. 15 Guatemala 84 4. 39 109 3. 34 67 4. 17 64 4. 74 100 5. 30 Guinea 144 2. 76 134 2. 81 143 1. 78 138 3. 20 139 3. 25 Guyana 118 3. 76 89 3. 54 110 2. 94 118 3. 91 113 4. 66 Haiti 136 3. 23 135 2. 81 138 2. 03 120 3. 87 126 4. 20 Honduras 107 3. 97 105 3. 37 102 3. 18 123 3. 82 85 5. 52 Hong kong SAR 3 6. 19 8 5. 63 1 6. 69 14 6. 17 32 6. 28 Hungary 60 4. 71 83 3. 67 50 4. 56 61 4. 78 64 5. 84 Iceland 27 5. 39 21 5. 11 23 5. 54 92 4. 41 10 6. 52 India 92 4. 25 70 3. 84 87 3. 58 101 4. 22 98 5. 35 Indonesia 46 4. 91 53 4. 11 56 4. 37 34 5. 48 74 5. 67 Iran, Islamic Rep. 71 4. 57 108 3. 36 69 4. 15 62 4. 77 52 6. 00 Ireland 31 5. 19 15 5. 40 27 5. 32 130 3. 49 8 6. 54 Israel 36 5. 12 43 4. 32 34 4. 99 50 5. 07 44 6. 10 Italy 54 4. 82 106 3. 37 26 5. 43 108 4. 09 22 6. 40 Jamaica 99 4. 11 80 3. 71 80 3. 75 136 3. 29 72 5. 69 Japan 25 5. 47 11 5. 47 6 6. 13 127 3. 64 6 6. 62 Jordan 73 4. 53 37 4. 48 71 4. 11 131 3. 45 47 6. 07 Kazakhstan 51 4. 85 57 4. 02 62 4. 25 27 5. 74 96 5. 37 Kenya 115 3. 82 78 3. 73 96 3. 27 126 3. 73 120 4. 55 Korea, Rep. 20 5. 55 82 3. 70 14 5. 74 7 6. 44 27 6. 31 Kuwait 32 5. 16 55 4. 02 61 4. 28 3 6. 73 82 5. 59 Kyrgyz Republic 110 3. 87 124 3. 21 115 2. 80 104 4. 16 101 5. 29 Lao PDR 98 4. 13 63 3. 92 94 3. 38 124 3. 78 90 5. 44 Latvia 34 5. 14 51 4. 13 47 4. 61 32 5. 52 31 6. 28 Lebanon 127 3. 55 139 2. 71 122 2. 62 143 2. 56 30 6. 29 Lesotho 102 4. 09 68 3. 86 116 2. 77 28 5. 69 128 4. 03 Cont†d  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 17 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Table 5: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015: Basic requirements (cont†d PILLAR BASIC REQUIREMENTS 1. Institutions 2. Infrastructure 3. Macroeconomic environment 4. Health and primary education Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Libya 111 3. 86 142 2. 62 113 2. 88 41 5. 36 119 4. 55 Lithuania 37 5. 08 58 4. 01 43 4. 73 42 5. 35 35 6. 24 Luxembourg 7 6. 02 6 5. 69 16 5. 73 8 6. 43 36 6. 21 Macedonia, FYR 64 4. 64 45 4. 26 82 3. 73 55 4. 93 78 5. 64 Madagascar 129 3. 52 128 3. 13 135 2. 10 81 4. 60 125 4. 26 Malawi 139 3. 20 77 3. 74 131 2. 21 144 2. 42 123 4. 42 Malaysia 23 5. 53 20 5. 11 25 5. 46 44 5. 26 33 6. 28 Mali 128 3. 54 126 3. 18 103 3. 15 86 4. 48 138 3. 33 Malta 35 5. 13 40 4. 46 37 4. 88 65 4. 73 20 6. 43 Mauritania 138 3. 21 138 2. 76 123 2. 59 115 4. 00 137 3. 48 Mauritius 38 5. 04 35 4. 60 42 4. 74 74 4. 66 42 6. 14 Mexico 69 4. 59 102 3. 40 65 4. 19 53 5. 04 71 5. 73 Moldova 90 4. 30 121 3. 22 83 3. 68 56 4. 91 93 5. 40 Mongolia 105 3. 99 98 3. 44 112 2. 92 125 3. 77 65 5. 81 Montenegro 61 4. 71 59 3. 96 72 4. 10 88 4. 46 29 6. 31 Morocco 57 4. 74 49 4. 21 55 4. 38 66 4. 72 76 5. 66 Mozambique 133 3. 29 127 3. 16 128 2. 36 110 4. 06 135 3. 58 Myanmar 132 3. 36 136 2. 80 137 2. 05 116 4. 00 117 4. 59 Namibia 81 4. 40 50 4. 19 66 4. 17 78 4. 62 115 4. 63 Nepal 100 4. 11 120 3. 22 132 2. 15 37 5. 40 75 5. 66 Netherlands 10 5. 95 10 5. 53 4 6. 25 39 5. 38 5 6. 64 New zealand 9 5. 96 1 6. 09 29 5. 30 25 5. 79 4 6. 66 Nicaragua 96 4. 15 114 3. 31 99 3. 20 67 4. 71 95 5. 37 Nigeria 140 3. 18 129 3. 01 134 2. 13 76 4. 62 143 2. 97 Norway 6 6. 05 5 5. 74 32 5. 16 1 6. 83 15 6. 47 Oman 19 5. 66 24 5. 06 33 5. 01 6 6. 56 54 5. 99 Pakistan 134 3. 28 123 3. 21 119 2. 66 137 3. 24 129 4. 02 Panama 53 4. 82 71 3. 83 40 4. 77 52 5. 05 79 5. 63 Paraguay 112 3. 85 133 2. 90 117 2. 70 54 5. 01 111 4. 76 Peru 74 4. 52 118 3. 26 88 3. 54 21 5. 89 94 5. 39 Philippines 66 4. 63 67 3. 86 91 3. 49 26 5. 76 92 5. 41 Poland 55 4. 80 56 4. 02 63 4. 24 63 4. 77 39 6. 17 Portugal 41 5. 00 41 4. 43 17 5. 66 128 3. 52 24 6. 39 Puerto rico 68 4. 62 34 4. 62 58 4. 34 99 4. 24 103 5. 27 Qatar 5 6. 12 4 5. 90 24 5. 51 2 6. 74 28 6. 31 Romania 77 4. 48 88 3. 56 85 3. 65 46 5. 20 88 5. 51 Russian Federation 44 4. 94 97 3. 45 39 4. 82 31 5. 54 56 5. 97 Rwanda 67 4. 62 18 5. 21 105 3. 14 79 4. 62 86 5. 52 Saudi arabia 15 5. 72 25 4. 97 30 5. 19 4 6. 67 50 6. 03 Seychelles 50 4. 85 54 4. 04 53 4. 50 57 4. 89 55 5. 98 Senegal 120 3. 75 74 3. 81 111 2. 93 97 4. 29 131 3. 96 Serbia 101 4. 10 122 3. 21 77 3. 93 129 3. 51 68 5. 76 Sierra leone 141 3. 14 107 3. 37 136 2. 07 117 3. 94 142 3. 18 Singapore 1 6. 34 3 5. 98 2 6. 54 15 6. 13 3 6. 73 Slovak Republic 70 4. 58 110 3. 33 64 4. 21 45 5. 23 84 5. 55 Slovenia 49 4. 86 75 3. 81 35 4. 88 98 4. 27 12 6. 50 South africa 89 4. 30 36 4. 50 60 4. 29 89 4. 45 132 3. 96 Spain 42 4. 98 73 3. 82 9 6. 01 121 3. 83 34 6. 25 Sri lanka 75 4. 51 62 3. 93 75 4. 02 114 4. 01 45 6. 09 Suriname 86 4. 36 104 3. 37 86 3. 61 59 4. 80 73 5. 67 Swaziland 108 3. 92 61 3. 94 97 3. 26 60 4. 79 134 3. 69 Sweden 12 5. 86 13 5. 43 22 5. 55 17 6. 06 23 6. 39 Switzerland 4 6. 17 9 5. 60 5 6. 18 12 6. 40 11 6. 52 Taiwan, China 14 5. 75 27 4. 84 11 5. 82 23 5. 83 13 6. 49 Tajikistan 94 4. 20 65 3. 90 120 2. 65 69 4. 70 83 5. 56 Tanzania 124 3. 67 93 3. 49 130 2. 26 109 4. 06 108 4. 86 Thailand 40 5. 01 84 3. 66 48 4. 58 19 6. 01 66 5. 80 Timor-Leste 122 3. 71 125 3. 21 133 2. 14 49 5. 12 124 4. 38 Trinidad and tobago 52 4. 83 95 3. 46 52 4. 51 38 5. 39 59 5. 94 Tunisia 85 4. 38 81 3. 70 79 3. 80 111 4. 03 53 6. 00 Turkey 56 4. 76 64 3. 90 51 4. 55 58 4. 83 69 5. 75 Uganda 126 3. 59 115 3. 29 129 2. 28 96 4. 36 122 4. 45 Ukraine 87 4. 36 130 2. 98 68 4. 16 105 4. 14 43 6. 14 United arab emirates 2 6. 20 7 5. 69 3 6. 30 5 6. 63 38 6. 17 United kingdom 24 5. 49 12 5. 44 10 6. 01 107 4. 10 21 6. 43 United states 33 5. 15 30 4. 69 12 5. 82 113 4. 01 49 6. 06 Uruguay 47 4. 90 31 4. 68 54 4. 47 84 4. 52 58 5. 94 Venezuela 131 3. 36 144 2. 15 121 2. 65 139 3. 13 87 5. 51 Vietnam 79 4. 44 92 3. 51 81 3. 74 75 4. 66 61 5. 86 Yemen 142 3. 03 141 2. 65 142 1. 90 140 2. 98 116 4. 59 Zambia 109 3. 88 52 4. 12 118 2. 67 103 4. 16 118 4. 56 Zimbabwe 114 3. 83 113 3. 31 124 2. 54 87 4. 48 106 4. 99 Note: Ranks out of 144 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 18 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Table 6: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015: Efficiency enhancers PILLAR EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS 5. Higher education and training 6. Goods market efficiency 7. Labor market efficiency 8. Financial market development 9. Technological readiness 10. Market size Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Albania 95 3. 72 60 4. 53 93 4. 15 93 4. 02 114 3. 39 91 3. 30 105 2. 94 Algeria 125 3. 34 98 3. 69 136 3. 48 139 3. 15 137 2. 72 129 2. 59 47 4. 39 Angola 140 2. 84 144 1. 94 143 2. 92 128 3. 52 140 2. 50 140 2. 34 65 3. 84 Argentina 93 3. 75 45 4. 83 141 3. 14 143 2. 97 129 3. 04 82 3. 54 24 4. 97 Armenia 87 3. 82 75 4. 20 64 4. 37 74 4. 20 97 3. 71 71 3. 72 118 2. 75 Australia 15 5. 16 11 5. 67 29 4. 76 56 4. 30 6 5. 41 19 5. 64 18 5. 14 Austria 23 4. 96 15 5. 56 22 4. 96 43 4. 45 43 4. 45 18 5. 74 37 4. 61 Azerbaijan 71 4. 08 90 3. 90 72 4. 31 33 4. 59 89 3. 77 56 4. 26 72 3. 66 Bahrain 40 4. 51 55 4. 66 21 4. 98 26 4. 67 31 4. 65 34 5. 01 99 3. 08 Bangladesh 103 3. 60 125 2. 86 84 4. 20 124 3. 67 88 3. 77 126 2. 66 44 4. 46 Barbados 54 4. 30 30 5. 22 74 4. 28 31 4. 60 32 4. 63 35 4. 98 138 2. 07 Belgium 18 5. 07 5 5. 93 14 5. 14 60 4. 27 38 4. 53 14 5. 78 28 4. 80 Bhutan 123 3. 35 108 3. 45 115 3. 99 24 4. 69 111 3. 45 124 2. 69 140 1. 83 Bolivia 116 3. 40 97 3. 73 132 3. 60 127 3. 58 121 3. 33 118 2. 79 84 3. 38 Botswana 84 3. 87 101 3. 59 97 4. 12 36 4. 56 57 4. 22 76 3. 58 97 3. 12 Brazil 42 4. 46 41 4. 92 123 3. 85 109 3. 83 53 4. 30 58 4. 21 9 5. 66 Bulgaria 52 4. 31 63 4. 49 63 4. 37 67 4. 24 60 4. 17 41 4. 73 63 3. 87 Burkina faso 132 3. 16 136 2. 42 127 3. 81 70 4. 22 127 3. 14 132 2. 49 111 2. 87 Burundi 144 2. 62 142 2. 14 135 3. 49 103 3. 89 142 2. 37 142 2. 10 141 1. 74 Cambodia 100 3. 65 123 2. 92 90 4. 17 29 4. 63 84 3. 80 102 3. 02 87 3. 31 Cameroon 113 3. 48 117 3. 22 113 3. 99 81 4. 11 108 3. 51 120 2. 76 91 3. 30 Canada 6 5. 37 18 5. 50 15 5. 13 7 5. 20 8 5. 35 22 5. 57 13 5. 48 Cape verde 127 3. 29 89 3. 91 110 4. 01 126 3. 59 115 3. 36 80 3. 54 144 1. 30 Chad 142 2. 74 143 2. 05 142 2. 94 120 3. 72 136 2. 74 143 2. 09 106 2. 92 Chile 29 4. 68 32 5. 09 34 4. 68 50 4. 36 19 4. 88 42 4. 59 41 4. 50 China 30 4. 68 65 4. 42 56 4. 42 37 4. 55 54 4. 30 83 3. 53 2 6. 86 Colombia 63 4. 17 69 4. 37 109 4. 03 84 4. 08 70 4. 01 68 3. 84 32 4. 71 Costa rica 56 4. 28 37 5. 00 52 4. 47 57 4. 29 92 3. 74 40 4. 77 82 3. 43 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 108 3. 58 121 3. 12 82 4. 23 73 4. 21 78 3. 86 117 2. 81 94 3. 23 Croatia 68 4. 11 53 4. 67 105 4. 05 106 3. 86 74 3. 91 44 4. 56 79 3. 58 Cyprus 57 4. 28 33 5. 06 27 4. 86 30 4. 61 83 3. 81 43 4. 56 115 2. 77 Czech republic 34 4. 62 35 5. 02 50 4. 53 62 4. 26 44 4. 45 36 4. 96 42 4. 49 Denmark 17 5. 11 10 5. 68 23 4. 96 12 4. 99 27 4. 72 6 6. 10 54 4. 23 Dominican republic 90 3. 77 99 3. 69 94 4. 15 107 3. 85 99 3. 70 84 3. 51 68 3. 72 Egypt 106 3. 58 111 3. 27 118 3. 95 140 3. 08 125 3. 19 95 3. 21 29 4. 78 El salvador 96 3. 71 94 3. 85 55 4. 45 125 3. 64 86 3. 78 93 3. 24 90 3. 30 Estonia 27 4. 73 20 5. 49 26 4. 89 11 5. 02 29 4. 67 29 5. 26 100 3. 07 Ethiopia 120 3. 37 131 2. 63 124 3. 84 78 4. 15 120 3. 33 133 2. 46 66 3. 81 Finland 10 5. 27 1 6. 22 18 5. 03 23 4. 69 5 5. 55 11 5. 97 55 4. 18 France 19 5. 07 28 5. 26 46 4. 57 61 4. 27 23 4. 79 17 5. 77 8 5. 74 Gabon 119 3. 37 126 2. 78 126 3. 81 69 4. 23 105 3. 57 108 2. 95 109 2. 89 Gambia, The 117 3. 40 107 3. 45 111 4. 00 38 4. 54 94 3. 74 103 3. 02 142 1. 65 Georgia 79 3. 92 92 3. 89 60 4. 40 41 4. 49 76 3. 90 67 3. 85 103 2. 98 Germany 9 5. 28 16 5. 55 19 4. 99 35 4. 57 25 4. 76 13 5. 81 5 5. 99 Ghana 89 3. 78 106 3. 46 67 4. 34 98 3. 94 62 4. 15 100 3. 11 69 3. 71 Greece 65 4. 15 44 4. 84 85 4. 20 118 3. 74 130 2. 97 39 4. 79 49 4. 34 Guatemala 76 3. 95 103 3. 56 45 4. 58 85 4. 07 45 4. 44 88 3. 47 78 3. 59 Guinea 138 2. 88 140 2. 19 137 3. 40 89 4. 05 134 2. 85 139 2. 35 127 2. 44 Guyana 109 3. 55 82 4. 12 83 4. 21 101 3. 90 82 3. 81 101 3. 10 135 2. 15 Haiti 135 3. 08 109 3. 43 140 3. 21 77 4. 15 135 2. 81 134 2. 41 129 2. 43 Honduras 99 3. 65 100 3. 63 91 4. 17 130 3. 51 59 4. 17 97 3. 18 93 3. 24 Hong kong SAR 3 5. 58 22 5. 44 2 5. 59 3 5. 57 1 5. 91 5 6. 10 27 4. 89 Hungary 53 4. 30 52 4. 68 65 4. 36 75 4. 17 73 3. 93 50 4. 43 53 4. 26 Iceland 35 4. 60 13 5. 62 49 4. 54 14 4. 94 68 4. 03 8 6. 02 128 2. 44 India 61 4. 19 93 3. 86 95 4. 13 112 3. 81 51 4. 34 121 2. 75 3 6. 26 Indonesia 46 4. 38 61 4. 53 48 4. 54 110 3. 81 42 4. 45 77 3. 58 15 5. 34 Iran, Islamic Rep. 98 3. 70 78 4. 17 120 3. 93 142 3. 01 128 3. 05 107 2 . 95 21 5. 09 Ireland 21 4. 97 17 5. 54 10 5. 29 18 4. 82 61 4. 15 12 5. 89 57 4. 15 Israel 26 4. 75 36 5. 00 79 4. 24 59 4. 27 20 4. 87 15 5. 78 48 4. 36 Italy 47 4. 35 47 4. 78 73 4. 30 136 3. 29 119 3. 35 38 4. 82 12 5. 57 Jamaica 77 3. 95 76 4. 19 76 4. 28 58 4. 28 48 4. 40 75 3. 61 107 2. 92 Japan 7 5. 35 21 5. 44 12 5. 20 22 4. 73 16 4. 98 20 5. 61 4 6. 14 Jordan 70 4. 08 48 4. 78 40 4. 63 94 4. 02 66 4. 06 73 3. 71 88 3. 30 Kazakhstan 48 4. 33 62 4. 51 54 4. 46 15 4. 90 98 3. 70 61 4. 16 52 4. 26 Kenya 66 4. 12 95 3. 77 62 4. 40 25 4. 68 24 4. 77 87 3. 48 74 3. 62 Korea, Rep. 25 4. 83 23 5. 38 33 4. 70 86 4. 07 80 3. 81 25 5. 42 11 5. 60 Kuwait 83 3. 89 81 4. 15 106 4. 04 116 3. 78 77 3. 88 74 3. 69 67 3. 80 Kyrgyz Republic 104 3. 59 91 3. 89 77 4. 25 92 4. 02 95 3. 73 111 2. 90 117 2. 76 Lao PDR 107 3. 58 110 3. 28 59 4. 41 34 4. 59 101 3. 69 115 2. 83 121 2. 67 Latvia 36 4. 60 31 5. 13 36 4. 67 17 4. 82 33 4. 63 32 5. 12 95 3. 20 Lebanon 85 3. 86 67 4. 39 71 4. 31 123 3. 68 102 3. 65 86 3. 50 76 3. 61 Lesotho 130 3. 21 116 3. 23 80 4. 24 76 4. 16 123 3. 27 137 2. 37 139 2. 01 Cont†d  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 19 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Table 6: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015: Efficiency enhancers (cont†d PILLAR EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS 5. Higher education and training 6. Goods market efficiency 7. Labor market efficiency 8. Financial market development 9. Technological readiness 10. Market size Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Libya 137 3. 03 102 3. 59 139 3. 32 133 3. 41 144 1. 95 130 2. 56 85 3. 33 Lithuania 38 4. 54 26 5. 30 47 4. 57 53 4. 33 65 4. 09 28 5. 37 77 3. 60 Luxembourg 22 4. 97 43 4. 88 5 5. 48 16 4. 87 14 5. 10 1 6. 36 96 3. 13 Macedonia, FYR 69 4. 09 71 4. 32 38 4. 64 71 4. 21 41 4. 49 62 3. 99 108 2. 91 Madagascar 128 3. 25 130 2. 64 102 4. 08 39 4. 53 132 2. 85 127 2. 63 114 2. 77 Malawi 122 3. 35 132 2. 57 108 4. 03 28 4. 63 79 3. 82 135 2. 41 123 2. 63 Malaysia 24 4. 95 46 4. 80 7 5. 42 19 4. 80 4 5. 60 60 4. 18 26 4. 90 Mali 129 3. 25 128 2. 70 104 4. 07 102 3. 89 122 3. 32 112 2. 86 122 2. 66 Malta 44 4. 43 42 4. 92 31 4. 72 54 4. 32 36 4. 56 21 5. 58 126 2. 48 Mauritania 143 2. 69 141 2. 16 138 3. 35 141 3. 07 141 2. 50 123 2. 71 131 2. 33 Mauritius 59 4. 24 54 4. 66 25 4. 92 52 4. 33 26 4. 74 63 3. 97 113 2. 83 Mexico 60 4. 20 87 3. 99 86 4. 19 121 3. 71 63 4. 14 79 3. 55 10 5. 61 Moldova 88 3. 82 84 4. 08 103 4. 07 82 4. 11 100 3. 70 51 4. 38 124 2. 60 Mongolia 92 3. 76 68 4. 37 81 4. 23 42 4. 48 124 3. 22 81 3. 54 120 2. 73 Montenegro 73 3. 99 51 4. 68 69 4. 34 65 4. 24 56 4. 26 54 4. 28 134 2. 16 Morocco 78 3. 92 104 3. 56 58 4. 41 111 3. 81 69 4. 02 78 3. 57 56 4. 17 Mozambique 131 3. 19 138 2. 39 116 3. 99 104 3. 88 126 3. 14 122 2. 71 101 3. 07 Myanmar 134 3. 11 135 2. 44 130 3. 68 72 4. 21 139 2. 58 144 2. 07 70 3. 70 Namibia 97 3. 71 115 3. 23 96 4. 13 55 4. 31 46 4. 43 89 3. 42 119 2. 74 Nepal 115 3. 43 113 3. 25 121 3. 91 114 3. 80 75 3. 90 128 2. 61 98 3. 10 Netherlands 8 5. 28 3 5. 99 9 5. 34 21 4. 73 37 4. 55 9 6. 00 23 5. 07 New zealand 11 5. 26 9 5. 72 6 5. 43 6 5. 24 3 5. 73 23 5. 55 62 3. 89 Nicaragua 118 3. 38 114 3. 23 125 3. 81 108 3. 84 106 3. 56 113 2. 84 102 2. 98 Nigeria 82 3. 89 124 2. 88 87 4. 19 40 4. 53 67 4. 06 104 3. 02 33 4. 70 Norway 13 5. 24 8 5. 75 24 4. 93 13 4. 97 10 5. 34 4 6. 12 50 4. 34 Oman 49 4. 32 79 4. 17 28 4. 81 48 4. 39 28 4. 69 57 4. 24 73 3. 65 Pakistan 101 3. 64 127 2. 76 100 4. 08 132 3. 43 72 3. 99 114 2. 83 30 4. 75 Panama 55 4. 29 66 4. 40 41 4. 62 87 4. 06 22 4. 83 53 4. 34 80 3. 50 Paraguay 112 3. 53 112 3. 27 92 4. 16 115 3. 79 93 3. 74 110 2. 93 92 3. 29 Peru 62 4. 19 83 4. 08 53 4. 47 51 4. 33 40 4. 49 92 3. 30 43 4. 47 Philippines 58 4. 27 64 4. 45 70 4. 32 91 4. 03 49 4. 37 69 3. 78 35 4. 68 Poland 32 4. 64 34 5. 04 51 4. 49 79 4. 14 35 4. 60 48 4. 47 19 5. 12 Portugal 37 4. 57 24 5. 37 44 4. 58 83 4. 09 104 3. 65 26 5. 42 51 4. 32 Puerto rico 28 4. 72 27 5. 27 20 4. 99 46 4. 40 21 4. 85 37 4. 87 60 3. 95 Qatar 20 4. 98 38 4. 99 4 5. 51 10 5. 05 13 5. 18 31 5. 17 59 3. 99 Romania 50 4. 32 58 4. 63 89 4. 18 90 4. 04 64 4. 12 47 4. 49 45 4. 44 Russian Federation 41 4. 49 39 4. 96 99 4. 09 45 4. 42 110 3. 50 59 4. 19 7 5. 77 Rwanda 91 3. 77 122 2. 98 42 4. 62 9 5. 08 55 4. 26 98 3. 14 125 2. 52 Saudi arabia 33 4. 64 57 4. 64 35 4. 68 64 4. 25 30 4. 66 45 4. 54 20 5. 10 Seychelles 105 3. 58 85 4. 04 88 4. 18 44 4. 44 103 3. 65 70 3. 73 143 1. 46 Senegal 102 3. 62 119 3. 18 68 4. 34 68 4. 23 85 3. 80 96 3. 21 104 2. 96 Serbia 80 3. 90 74 4. 25 128 3. 78 119 3. 73 109 3. 50 49 4. 45 71 3. 68 Sierra leone 136 3. 06 137 2. 39 117 3. 98 95 4. 01 116 3. 36 138 2. 36 133 2. 27 Singapore 2 5. 68 2 6. 09 1 5. 64 2 5. 69 2 5. 84 7 6. 09 31 4. 71 Slovak Republic 51 4. 31 56 4. 65 66 4. 36 97 3. 95 39 4. 50 52 4. 37 58 4. 03 Slovenia 64 4. 17 25 5. 33 61 4. 40 99 3. 93 133 2. 85 33 5. 05 81 3. 45 South africa 43 4. 45 86 4. 04 32 4. 71 113 3. 80 7 5. 37 66 3. 86 25 4. 91 Spain 31 4. 67 29 5. 23 75 4. 28 100 3. 92 91 3. 76 27 5. 40 14 5. 42 Sri lanka 75 3. 97 72 4. 30 39 4. 63 135 3. 29 47 4. 41 94 3. 24 61 3. 94 Suriname 121 3. 35 105 3. 50 129 3. 74 117 3. 74 118 3. 35 72 3. 71 137 2. 08 Swaziland 126 3. 32 120 3. 18 98 4. 09 105 3. 86 71 4. 00 125 2. 66 136 2. 09 Sweden 12 5. 25 14 5. 59 17 5. 04 20 4. 79 12 5. 25 3 6. 19 36 4. 62 Switzerland 5 5. 49 4 5. 98 8 5. 39 1 5. 75 11 5. 29 10 5. 97 39 4. 57 Taiwan, China 16 5. 14 12 5. 63 11 5. 23 32 4. 59 18 4. 91 30 5. 24 17 5. 23 Tajikistan 111 3. 53 88 3. 97 114 3. 99 63 4. 25 113 3. 40 116 2. 83 116 2. 76 Tanzania 114 3. 43 134 2. 45 122 3. 90 47 4. 39 96 3. 72 131 2. 51 75 3. 61 Thailand 39 4. 53 59 4. 58 30 4. 74 66 4. 24 34 4. 61 65 3. 94 22 5. 09 Timor-Leste 141 2. 84 133 2. 52 134 3. 56 122 3. 68 138 2. 69 141 2. 17 130 2. 40 Trinidad and tobago 81 3. 90 77 4. 19 101 4. 08 96 3. 97 52 4. 33 64 3. 96 112 2. 87 Tunisia 94 3. 74 73 4. 28 107 4. 03 129 3. 51 117 3. 35 90 3. 38 64 3. 87 Turkey 45 4. 43 50 4. 69 43 4. 60 131 3. 48 58 4. 21 55 4. 27 16 5. 31 Uganda 110 3. 53 129 2. 68 119 3. 95 27 4. 66 81 3. 81 119 2. 78 86 3. 32 Ukraine 67 4. 11 40 4. 93 112 3. 99 80 4. 12 107 3. 54 85 3. 50 38 4. 58 United arab emirates 14 5. 24 6 5. 90 3 5. 58 8 5. 14 17 4. 94 24 5. 48 46 4. 41 United kingdom 4 5. 51 19 5. 50 13 5. 16 5 5. 26 15 5. 07 2 6. 28 6 5. 78 United states 1 5. 71 7 5. 82 16 5. 05 4 5. 30 9 5. 35 16 5. 78 1 6. 94 Uruguay 72 4. 01 49 4. 71 57 4. 41 134 3. 37 87 3. 78 46 4. 50 89 3. 30 Venezuela 124 3. 35 70 4. 34 144 2. 78 144 2. 55 131 2. 91 106 2. 96 40 4. 55 Vietnam 74 3. 99 96 3. 74 78 4. 24 49 4. 37 90 3. 77 99 3. 12 34 4. 69 Yemen 139 2. 86 139 2. 29 131 3. 64 138 3. 23 143 2. 17 136 2. 40 83 3. 42 Zambia 86 3. 85 80 4. 16 37 4. 65 88 4. 06 50 4. 37 105 2. 99 110 2. 88 Zimbabwe 133 3. 12 118 3. 18 133 3. 58 137 3. 25 112 3. 44 109 2. 95 132 2. 31 Note: Ranks out of 144 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 20 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 PILLAR INNOVATION AND SOPHISTICATION FACTORS 11. Business sophistication 12. Innovation Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Albania 114 3. 17 104 3. 61 120 2. 73 Algeria 133 2. 91 131 3. 22 128 2. 60 Angola 144 2. 36 144 2. 61 142 2. 12 Argentina 96 3. 37 96 3. 69 97 3. 04 Armenia 100 3. 34 93 3. 73 104 2. 95 Australia 26 4. 55 28 4. 70 25 4. 41 Austria 14 5. 11 7 5. 41 18 4. 82 Azerbaijan 72 3. 59 80 3. 86 59 3. 33 Bahrain 55 3. 83 45 4. 35 60 3. 32 Bangladesh 122 3. 02 118 3. 45 129 2. 58 Barbados 47 3. 92 53 4. 28 47 3. 56 Belgium 12 5. 11 10 5. 34 13 4. 89 Bhutan 111 3. 22 107 3. 58 113 2. 85 Bolivia 94 3. 38 103 3. 61 83 3. 15 Botswana 110 3. 22 116 3. 47 102 2. 97 Brazil 56 3. 82 47 4. 32 62 3. 31 Bulgaria 106 3. 27 105 3. 61 105 2. 94 Burkina faso 128 2. 95 136 3. 00 107 2. 89 Burundi 137 2. 68 139 2. 91 133 2. 46 Cambodia 116 3. 15 111 3. 52 116 2. 79 Cameroon 84 3. 47 98 3. 68 71 3. 27 Canada 24 4. 72 23 4. 90 22 4. 54 Cape verde 109 3. 23 114 3. 48 101 2. 98 Chad 141 2. 55 143 2. 77 139 2. 34 Chile 49 3. 88 55 4. 23 48 3. 54 China 33 4. 14 43 4. 38 32 3. 91 Colombia 64 3. 65 62 4. 08 77 3. 21 Costa rica 35 4. 13 32 4. 49 34 3. 78 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 86 3. 47 100 3. 66 69 3. 28 Croatia 87 3. 47 83 3. 83 93 3. 10 Cyprus 38 4. 06 40 4. 41 36 3. 72 Czech republic 36 4. 07 35 4. 46 39 3. 67 Denmark 9 5. 19 11 5. 33 11 5. 06 Dominican republic 90 3. 44 73 3. 92 103 2. 96 Egypt 113 3. 18 95 3. 70 124 2. 65 El salvador 45 3. 96 37 4. 43 51 3. 50 Estonia 34 4. 14 48 4. 32 30 3. 95 Ethiopia 119 3. 09 127 3. 32 109 2. 87 Finland 3 5. 57 9 5. 36 1 5. 78 France 19 4. 86 22 4. 98 19 4. 74 Gabon 131 2. 93 133 3. 18 122 2. 68 Gambia, The 79 3. 52 71 3. 93 89 3. 11 Georgia 118 3. 10 113 3. 49 121 2. 71 Germany 4 5. 56 3 5. 65 6 5. 47 Ghana 68 3. 62 70 3. 94 63 3. 31 Greece 74 3. 55 74 3. 91 79 3. 18 Guatemala 62 3. 68 52 4. 29 95 3. 07 Guinea 142 2. 55 141 2. 85 141 2. 25 Guyana 60 3. 69 68 3. 97 55 3. 42 Haiti 140 2. 61 138 2. 94 140 2. 28 Honduras 70 3. 61 64 4. 00 74 3. 23 Hong kong SAR 23 4. 75 16 5. 13 26 4. 38 Hungary 67 3. 62 92 3. 75 50 3. 50 Iceland 28 4. 43 29 4. 67 27 4. 19 India 52 3. 86 57 4. 18 49 3. 53 Indonesia 30 4. 20 34 4. 47 31 3. 93 Iran, Islamic Rep. 102 3. 33 110 3. 52 86 3. 13 Ireland 20 4. 85 20 5. 02 20 4. 68 Israel 10 5. 16 26 4. 76 3 5. 56 Italy 29 4. 26 25 4. 79 35 3. 73 Jamaica 71 3. 60 67 3. 98 75 3. 22 Japan 2 5. 68 1 5. 82 4 5. 54 Jordan 42 4. 02 42 4. 40 41 3. 64 Kazakhstan 89 3. 45 91 3. 77 85 3. 14 Kenya 40 4. 03 44 4. 38 38 3. 69 Korea, Rep. 22 4. 78 27 4. 73 17 4. 83 Kuwait 95 3. 38 76 3. 90 111 2. 86 Kyrgyz Republic 126 2. 96 119 3. 44 132 2. 48 Lao PDR 80 3. 51 79 3. 87 84 3. 14 Latvia 61 3. 68 61 4. 09 70 3. 27 Lebanon 101 3. 33 75 3. 91 119 2. 75 Lesotho 117 3. 12 123 3. 37 110 2. 87 Table 7: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015: Innovation and sophistication factors PILLAR INNOVATION AND SOPHISTICATION FACTORS 11. Business sophistication 12. Innovation Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Libya 143 2. 49 135 3. 01 144 1. 98 Lithuania 44 3. 97 49 4. 31 44 3. 62 Luxembourg 18 4. 93 21 5. 00 16 4. 85 Macedonia, FYR 76 3. 53 89 3. 78 68 3. 28 Madagascar 105 3. 27 117 3. 46 94 3. 09 Malawi 115 3. 17 108 3. 54 115 2. 80 Malaysia 17 4. 95 15 5. 24 21 4. 67 Mali 97 3. 36 102 3. 62 92 3. 10 Malta 41 4. 03 36 4. 45 45 3. 60 Mauritania 138 2. 63 142 2. 85 136 2. 41 Mauritius 53 3. 85 33 4. 48 76 3. 22 Mexico 59 3. 73 58 4. 14 61 3. 31 Moldova 129 2. 94 124 3. 35 131 2. 53 Mongolia 112 3. 20 115 3. 47 106 2. 94 Montenegro 77 3. 53 97 3. 69 58 3. 37 Morocco 82 3. 50 78 3. 88 90 3. 11 Mozambique 120 3. 05 125 3. 34 118 2. 76 Myanmar 139 2. 62 140 2. 90 138 2. 34 Namibia 91 3. 41 94 3. 72 91 3. 10 Nepal 124 2. 98 126 3. 34 126 2. 62 Netherlands 6 5. 41 5 5. 57 8 5. 25 New zealand 25 4. 61 24 4. 80 23 4. 42 Nicaragua 125 2. 98 129 3. 28 123 2. 68 Nigeria 103 3. 30 87 3. 78 114 2. 82 Norway 16 5. 08 13 5. 30 15 4. 85 Oman 58 3. 76 56 4. 23 64 3. 29 Pakistan 83 3. 48 81 3. 85 88 3. 12 Panama 46 3. 95 54 4. 24 40 3. 65 Paraguay 132 2. 92 121 3. 39 134 2. 44 Peru 99 3. 34 72 3. 93 117 2. 76 Philippines 48 3. 90 46 4. 33 52 3. 48 Poland 63 3. 66 63 4. 06 72 3. 26 Portugal 31 4. 19 51 4. 29 28 4. 08 Puerto rico 27 4. 52 18 5. 08 29 3. 96 Qatar 15 5. 09 12 5. 31 14 4. 88 Romania 78 3. 53 90 3. 77 66 3. 28 Russian Federation 75 3. 54 86 3. 79 65 3. 29 Rwanda 66 3. 64 84 3. 83 53 3. 46 Saudi arabia 32 4. 19 30 4. 57 33 3. 80 Seychelles 69 3. 62 66 3. 99 73 3. 25 Senegal 65 3. 65 77 3. 90 57 3. 39 Serbia 121 3. 05 132 3. 21 108 2. 89 Sierra leone 130 2. 93 128 3. 28 130 2. 58 Singapore 11 5. 13 19 5. 07 9 5. 18 Slovak Republic 73 3. 59 65 4. 00 78 3. 18 Slovenia 50 3. 88 59 4. 11 42 3. 64 South africa 37 4. 07 31 4. 49 43 3. 64 Spain 39 4. 06 38 4. 42 37 3. 69 Sri lanka 43 4. 00 39 4. 42 46 3. 57 Suriname 123 3. 00 122 3. 39 127 2. 60 Swaziland 108 3. 25 101 3. 63 112 2. 86 Sweden 7 5. 38 8 5. 38 7 5. 37 Switzerland 1 5. 74 2 5. 79 2 5. 70 Taiwan, China 13 5. 11 17 5. 12 10 5. 10 Tajikistan 81 3. 50 82 3. 83 80 3. 17 Tanzania 107 3. 26 112 3. 49 98 3. 03 Thailand 54 3. 84 41 4. 40 67 3. 28 Timor-Leste 136 2. 69 137 2. 97 135 2. 41 Trinidad and tobago 88 3. 47 69 3. 94 100 2. 99 Tunisia 93 3. 40 88 3. 78 99 3. 01 Turkey 51 3. 86 50 4. 31 56 3. 42 Uganda 104 3. 30 109 3. 53 96 3. 06 Ukraine 92 3. 41 99 3. 66 81 3. 16 United arab emirates 21 4. 83 14 5. 25 24 4. 41 United kingdom 8 5. 21 6 5. 45 12 4. 96 United states 5 5. 54 4 5. 58 5 5. 49 Uruguay 85 3. 47 85 3. 79 82 3. 15 Venezuela 135 2. 71 134 3. 04 137 2. 39 Vietnam 98 3. 35 106 3. 58 87 3. 12 Yemen 134 2. 77 120 3. 43 143 2. 11 Zambia 57 3. 76 60 4. 10 54 3. 42 Zimbabwe 127 2. 95 130 3. 28 125 2. 63 Note: Ranks out of 144 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 21 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 2nd, behind Finland. Singapore†s private sector is also fairly sophisticated (19th) and becoming more innovative 9th), although room for improvement exists in both areas, especially as these are the keys to Singapore†s future prosperity The United states goes up in the rankings for a second year in a row and regains the 3rd position on the back of improvements in a number of areas including some aspects of the institutional framework up from 35th to 30th), and more positive perceptions regarding business sophistication (from 6th to 4th) and innovation (from 7th to 5th. As it recovers from the crisis, the United states can build on the many structural features that make its economy extremely productive US companies are sophisticated highly and innovative and they are supported by an excellent university system that collaborates admirably with the business sector in R&d. Combined with flexible labor markets and the scale opportunities afforded by the sheer size of its domestic economy†the largest in the world by far†these qualities make the United states very competitive. On the other hand, some weaknesses in particular areas remain to be addressed. The business community continues to be rather critical, with trust in politicians still somewhat weak 48th), concerns about favoritism of government officials 47th), and a general perception that the government spends its resources relatively wastefully (73rd. The macroeconomic environment remains the country†s greatest area of weakness (113th), although the fiscal deficit continues to narrow and public debt is slightly lower for the first time since the crisis Finland continues to exhibit a strong performance across all the analyzed dimensions, despite its drop of one place to 4th position. This decline is mainly driven by a slight deterioration of its macroeconomic conditions (43rd), which has led some rating agencies to downgrade the outlook of this Nordic economy More precisely, Finland suffers from higher, though still manageable, deficit and public debt level, and its savings rate has decreased slightly. Nevertheless the country continues to boast well-functioning and highly transparent public institutions (1st), at the very top in many of the indicators included in this category and high-quality infrastructure (19th. The functioning of its products market is also good (18th), financial development is very high (5th), and the country manages to use its existing talent efficiently (7th) despite some persistent rigidities in its labor market, most notably in terms of wage determination (143rd), which is regarded as one of the most problematic factors for doing business. Its biggest competitiveness strength lies in its capacity to innovate, where the country leads the world rankings (1st. Very high public and private investments in R&d (3rd), with very strong linkages between universities and industry (1st) coupled with an excellent education and training system (1st) and one of the highest levels of technological readiness (11th) drive this outstanding result Germany drops one place to 5th position this year. The small drop is the result of some concerns about institutions and infrastructure and is only partially balanced out by improvements in the country†s macroeconomic environment and financial development Moreover, Germany†s education system is assessed less positively than it was in previous years (16th down from 3rd) because the indicator measuring the country†s tertiary enrollment rate became available Overall, Germany weathered the global economic crisis of recent years quite well thanks at least partly to its main competitiveness strengths, which include highly sophisticated businesses (3rd) and an innovation ecosystem that is conducive to high levels of R&d innovation (6th. Companies spend heavily on R&d (5th and can rely on an institutional framework, including collaboration with universities (10th) and research labs 8th), to support their innovation efforts. Innovation is also supported because companies, which are predominantly medium-sized, often operate in niche markets and are located in close geographical proximity to each other (3rd on cluster development. This fosters the exchange of learning among businesses and facilitates the development of new goods and services. High -quality infrastructure (7th) and excellent on-the-job training (6th) complement these strengths. The top -notch German on-the-job training system ensures that technical skills for companies are widely available and that skills match the needs of businesses. Germany†s economy could be more competitive if its labor markets were made even more efficient. In recent years, labor market efficiency has improved markedly, rising from the 53rd position in 2012 to 35th this year. However, some recent decisions, such as the introduction of a minimum wage, could reverse this positive trend. In the context of declining population growth, a more holistic approach to immigration and more incentives for women to remain in the labor market are going to be crucial for the country to ensure a supply of talent. Last but not least, continued efforts toward strengthening its fiscal situation will be key to reducing the country†s high public debt (118th Up three places to reach 6th position overall, Japan posts the largest improvement of the top 10 economies thanks to small improvements across the board. Japan continues to enjoy a major competitive edge in business sophistication (1st for the sixth consecutive year) and in innovation (4th, up one position. High R&d spending 2nd), excellent availability of talent (3rd), world-class research institutions (7th), and a high capacity to innovate (7th) are among Japan†s strengths. Indeed in terms of innovation output, these strengths pay off the country has the second-highest number of patent applications per capita in the world. Further, companies operate at the highest end of the value chain, producing  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 22 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 high-value-added goods and services. However, the country†s overall competitive performance continues to be dragged down by severe macroeconomic challenges 127th). ) For the past five years, its budget deficit has been hovering around 10 percent of GDP, one of the highest ratios in the world, while public debt now represents more than 240 percent of the country†s GDP. At least the country†s battle against deflation has started bearing fruit: prices in 2013 increased for the first time in five years†by a low 0. 4 percent. Another area of concern is the situation in the labor marked (22nd Japan ranks 133rd in the indicator capturing the ease of hiring and firing workers. In addition, the participation of women in the labor force (88th) is one of the lowest among OECD members Featured in the top 10 since 2012, Hong kong SAR retains its 7th position. It tops the infrastructure pillar reflecting the outstanding quality of its facilities across all modes of transportation. The economy also continues to dominate the financial market development pillar owing to the high level of efficiency, trustworthiness and stability of its system. As in the case of Singapore the dynamism and efficiency of Hong Kong†s goods market (2nd) and labor market (3rd) further contribute to its excellent overall positioning. Hong kong is also one of the most open economies in the world. In order to enhance its competitiveness, Hong kong must improve on higher education (22nd) and innovation (26th, down three places this year. In the latter category, the quality of its research institutions (32nd, down one) and the limited availability of scientists and engineers (36th, down four) remain the two key issues to be addressed. In building a truly innovation-driven economy, Hong kong can rely on its high degree of technological readiness 5th As in the last edition, The netherlands retains its 8th place this year and depicts a stable competitiveness profile. Overall, the country continues to depict a set of important competitiveness strengths that allow its economy to remain highly productive. An excellent education and training system (3rd), coupled with a strong adoption of technology (9th), including ICTS 8th), and an excellent innovation capacity (8th) result in highly sophisticated businesses (5th) that manage to compete at the very high end of international value chains. In addition, efficient institutions (10th), world -class infrastructure (4th), and highly competitive (5th) and open products markets (6th) complete the impressive list of the country†s assets. Notwithstanding these strengths, the otherwise excellent Dutch performance is hindered somewhat by some persistent rigidities in its labor market, especially in terms of hiring and firing practices (123rd) and wage determination (135th) †these rigidities are regarded as the most problematic factor for doing business in the country. Furthermore, the current weaknesses of its financial system (80th), which are a consequence of the housing bubble, have made access to credit (48th) more difficult The United kingdom climbs one spot to the 9th place. Overall, the country improves its performance thanks to gains derived from lower levels of fiscal deficit and public debt. In addition to these more favorable macroeconomic conditions, the United kingdom continues to benefit from an efficient labor market (5th and a high level of financial development (15th), despite the recent difficulties in parts of its banking system (89th and the fact that the difficult access to loans (82nd remains the most problematic factor for doing business in the country. In addition, the country benefits from an ICT uptake that is one of the highest in the world 2nd) and that, coupled with a highly competitive (5th and large market (6th), allows for highly sophisticated 6th) and innovative (12th) businesses to spring up and develop. In addition to continuing to improve its macroeconomic conditions (107th), the country should look into effective ways to raise the overall quality of its education system (23rd), most notably in the areas of mathematics and science (63rd), which will be crucial to continue fostering innovation in the country Sweden, despite a rather stable competitiveness profile across all areas, falls four places this year to round up the top 10 rankings. Overall the country boasts important strengths across the board, with strong institutions (13th) that are regarded as transparent and efficient, excellent infrastructure (22nd), and healthy macroeconomic conditions (17th) that include low levels of fiscal deficit and public debt, allowing the country to maintain its triple-A rating throughout the recent financial and economic crisis. Moreover, and perhaps more importantly, Sweden has managed to create the right set of conditions for innovation and unsurprisingly scores very high in many of the dimensions that are key to creating a knowledge-based society. More precisely, the Swedish education and training system (14th) is of high quality and seems to deliver the right set of skills for an innovation-based economy; ICT adoption (3rd) is among the highest in the world; and, in terms of innovation capacity (6th), firms are among the best performing. In addition, the country has formed also highly competitive markets (21st), which produce the right set of incentives to quickly transform those knowledge assets into new products and services with higher value-added. Going forward, the country should address its labor market regulations (59th) and the potential distortions that a high tax rate system (119th) may create, as these two elements are considered the two most problematic factors for doing business in the country Europe and Eurasia Six European countries are ranked among the top 10 most competitive economies, while at the same time, many countries in Southern and Central and  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 23 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Eastern Europe†such as Portugal, Italy, Bulgaria Romania, and Greece†score relatively low, ranking 36th, 49th, 54th, 59th, and 81st, respectively. This wide-ranging performance highlights the persistence of a competitiveness divide in Europe between a highly competitive Northern europe and a less competitive Southern and Eastern europe. A more nuanced analysis of the results also reveals that a new divide seems to be emerging among those countries whose competitiveness is currently lagging. This new divide appears to be between those economies that are adopting and implementing the reforms necessary to become more competitive†these include countries such as Greece and Portugal that are now improving in the overall rankings†and some other economies, such as France and Italy, which are not recording much progress Denmark improves by two positions to reach 13th place on the back of a slight rebound in the assessment of its institutions and financial markets as well as more favorable macroeconomic conditions, which together have allowed the country to close the European Commission†s formal procedure that assesses excessive deficits. Similar to its Nordic neighbors, Denmark continues to benefit a well-functioning and highly transparent institutional framework (16th. The country also continues to receive a first-rate assessment for its higher education and training system (10th), which has provided the Danish workforce with the skills needed to adapt rapidly to a changing environment and has laid the ground for high levels of technological adoption and innovation. A continued strong focus on education would allow the workforce to maintain the skill levels needed to provide the basis for sustained innovation-led growth A marked difference from the other Nordic countries relates to labor market flexibility, where Denmark (12th continues to distinguish itself as having one of the most efficient labor markets internationally, with flexible regulations; strong labor-employer relations; and a very high percentage of women in the labor force Despite the drop of one position that leads to Belgium†s 18th place in the rankings, the country has slightly improved its competitiveness score thanks to a better macroeconomic performance with a lower public deficit, which remains below 3 percent of its GDP Furthermore, in addition to boasting an outstanding education and training system (5th) †with excellent math and science education (3rd), topnotch management schools (2nd), and a strong propensity for on-the-job training (4th) †the country benefits from a high level of technological adoption (15th) and highly sophisticated 10th) and innovative (13th) businesses that carry out their activities in a market characterized by high competition (6th) and an environment that facilitates new business creation. Notwithstanding these strengths some concerns remain about the efficiency of Belgium†s government (64th; its regulatory burden (130th; its highly distortionary tax system (126th), which reduces incentives to work (141st; and the cost of the country†s public debt†which is close to 100 percent of GDP Following the completion of its EU-IMF€ supported program, this year Ireland experiences a slight rebound and climbs by three places to reach the 25th position which reflects its financial market recovery. Yet its macroeconomic situation remains difficult at a low 130th place, characterized by a high budget deficit (although down from the historic highs of four years ago) and high government debt. Despite these economic woes the country features strong foundations for its long-run competitiveness: the functioning of its goods and labor markets, ranked 10th and 18th respectively, is solid, and its business culture is sophisticated highly and innovative ranked 20th for both; this is buttressed by excellent technological adoption (12th. In addition, equipped with its excellent health and primary education system 8th) and strong higher education and training (17th the country can draw on a well-educated workforce although the high levels of emigration in recent years†particularly of its young population†suggests that fewer young people will be available in the future France retains its 23rd position after dropping for four consecutive years. The government has promised a â€oecompetitiveness shock†and is considering a number of business-friendly measures, including a simplification of administrative procedures, in order to revive growth and reduce the country†s stubbornly high level of unemployment. Traditionally a black spot, the situation of France†s labor market has improved markedly over the year (61st, up 10), thanks to increased flexibility although it still remains a challenge (107th, up nine. By contrast, the fiscal situation†the second area of major concern†continues to deteriorate (82nd, down nine The small reduction in the budget deficit is accompanied by an increase in public debt and a downgrading of France†s creditworthiness. The country retains a number of clear competitive advantages, however. Its infrastructure is still among the best in the world. France also obtains good marks for the quality and quantity of education at all levels, and it boasts a high degree of technological adoption (17th. In addition, the country†s business culture is highly professional and sophisticated 22nd). ) These three strengths contribute to creating a relatively conducive ecosystem for innovation (19th However, on this dimension, France trails Germany, the United kingdom, and the Scandinavian countries by a significant margin Estonia remains the best performing country in Eastern europe and improves by three places to reach 29th overall. The country boasts a solid competitiveness profile with strong, transparent, and efficient institutions 26th); ) a solid macroeconomic environment (20th; and high levels of education and training (20th. Its labor market is also more efficient than in most countries in the  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 24 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 region (11th. To further strengthen its competitiveness Estonia should focus on strengthening innovation (30th and business sophistication (48th) in order to ensure that product and process innovation continues to enhance the country†s productivity. Further investment in infrastructure (38th) would also be warranted, as transport infrastructure in particular is not yet up to Western European standards (58th Iceland moves up one place to 30th position this year, the result of an improving macroeconomic situation and an easing of financial concerns. Despite its significant difficulties in these areas in recent years Iceland continues to benefit from a number of clear competitiveness strengths in moving toward a more sustainable economic situation. These include the country†s topnotch education system at all levels, its 10th and 13th ranks in the health and primary education and higher education and training pillars, respectively coupled with a relatively innovative business sector 27th) that is highly adept at adopting new technologies for productivity enhancements (8th. Business activity is further supported by an efficient labor market (14th) and well-developed infrastructure (23rd Spain remains stable at 35th place. The important reform program the country has embarked on has resulted in curbing the high budget deficit of past years, although it remains high (128th; improving the robustness of the financial sector (85th; cutting red tape to foster entrepreneurship (99th; and enhancing flexibility (120th) in the labor market, although much remains to be addressed. However, a weakening in the perceived functioning of institutions, notably with worse scores in terms of corruption (80th) and government efficiency (105th), offsets these improvements in the GCI. Overall, as in past years, Spain continues to benefit from excellent transport infrastructure (6th), high levels of connectivity (18th), and a large share of the population that pursues higher education (8th) who†should the quality of the education system improve (88th) †could provide a skillful labor force able to contribute to the structural change the country requires. Notwithstanding these strengths and improvements in certain areas Spain continues to suffer from poor access to loans 132nd), a rigid labor market (120th), difficulty in attracting (103rd) and retaining talent (107th), and an insufficient capacity to innovate (60th) †the result of low R&d investments (52nd) and weak university-industry collaborations (57th After falling in the rankings for several years Portugal decisively inverts this trend and climbs 15 positions to reach 36th place. The ambitious reform program the country has adopted seems to have started paying off as gains appear across the board most notably in areas related to the functioning of the goods market: Portugal now has less red tape to start a business (5th), and its labor market shows increased flexibility, although more remains to be done (119th. In addition to these improvements the country can continue to leverage its world-class transport infrastructure (18th) and highly educated labor force (29th. At the same time, Portugal should not be complacent and should continue with a full implementation of its reform program in order to keep addressing some of its persistent macroeconomic concerns (128th) caused by high levels of deficit (107th and public debt (138th; strengthening its financial sector 104th) so that credit can start flowing (108th; further increasing the flexibility of its labor market; and raising the quality of education (40th) and innovation capacity 37th) to support the economic transformation of the country The Czech republic advances by nine places this year to attain 37th position, improving in half of the pillars and thus reversing a five-year downward trend Institutions (76th) improve by 10 places, although from very low levels for some indicators, and major concerns remain about corruption and undue influence (with public trust in politicians ranked an extremely low 138th The country†s economic recovery is reflected also in a sounder macroeconomic environment†the budget deficit fell below the 3 percent mark, leading to a closing of the European Commission†s excessive government procedure†and an improvement in borrowing conditions in the financial market (up to 40th in financial market efficiency). ) Our data also point to improvements in health and primary education, thanks to a higher primary enrollment rate, as well as gradual improvements in the labor market (62nd), albeit from low levels. More specifically, although cooperation in labor-employer relations and the flexibility of wage determination are perceived more favorably (52nd and 43rd, respectively than in last year†s edition, regulations are rigid (121st) and the country†s capacity to attract and retain talent remains limited. Likewise, the share of women in the labor force remains comparatively low. Going forward, the Czech republic needs to explore ways to transition to a knowledge economy in view of its stage of development compared with other economies at the same stage technological readiness remains low (36th) and Czech businesses†although doing comparatively well in a regional context†are sophisticated less and innovative than other economies in the European union. The country†s competitiveness would be enhanced further by improvements to its higher education system, where the Czech republic, at rank 35, features among the 10 lowest ranked EU economies Poland maintains its positioning overall and comes in at 43rd place. The improvements Poland has made in institutions, infrastructure, and education and its increased flexibility in labor market efficiency are steps in the right direction to boost the country†s competitiveness. Continued structural reforms geared  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 25 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 toward strengthening its innovation and knowledge -driven economy will be necessary for Poland to sustain its growth going forward. The country can build on a fairly well educated population, well-developed financial markets, and a market that is by far the largest in the region. Transport infrastructure, however, despite notable improvements, remains weak (78th) by European standards. Some aspects of institutions, such as the burden of its regulations (117th), its rather inefficient legal framework for settling business disputes (118th and difficulties in obtaining information on government decisions for business (110th) also need to be addressed on a priority basis. And as the country slowly emerges from the economic slowdown of 2012 and 2013, Poland should focus on further improving labor market efficiency and strengthening business sophistication (63rd) as well as on its business sector†s capacity for innovation (72nd To bolster its innovative capacity, the next set of reforms should focus on reinforcing its innovation ecosystem in close collaboration with the private sector to enable a sustainable growth path for the country With a stable score, Italy retains 49th position despite a deterioration in the functioning of its institutions 106th) and with a poor assessment on government efficiency (143rd), continued macroeconomic concerns that result from the large public debt, and a very rigid labor market (136th) that hinders employment creation Overall, Italian companies†most notably small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) †continue to suffer from weak access to financing (139th) that, coupled with a high tax rate (134th), affects their investment capacity In addition, as already mentioned, the labor market remains very rigid (136th) and unable to make an efficient use of the country†s talent (130th. The reform program currently being designed, if implemented properly should help in addressing some of these weaknesses and allow Italy to leverage its competitiveness strengths which lie in its sophisticated business community (25th with a good potential to innovate (39th) and its large and diversified market (12th) that should allow for important economies of scale and scope The Russian Federation is placed at 53rd position this year with some improvements related to the efficiency of goods markets (in particular domestic competition), ICT use, and business sophistication†although this arguably reflects some positive developments that took place before the Ukraine conflict started. At the time of writing, the Russian economy continues to face many deeply rooted challenges that will have to be addressed for the country to strengthen its competitiveness. Russia†s weak and inefficient institutional framework (97th) remains its Achilles heel and will require a major overhaul in order to eradicate corruption and favoritism (92nd) and reestablish trust in the independence of the judiciary (109th. Diversification of the economy will need reinforcing the very small SME sector as well as continued progress toward a stronger and more stable financial system (110th. These challenges prevent Russia from taking advantage of its competitiveness strengths, which are based on a well-educated population, fairly high levels of ICT use 47th), and its solid potential for innovation (65th. Going forward, the reverberations of the Ukraine conflict†such as sanctions and potential disruptions to the gas trade†could affect the country†s competitiveness These implications could be given especially serious the reliance of the education and innovation sectors on public funding, which will become more scarce than it has been in previous years and for accessing technology developed abroad Ukraine moves up from 84th to 76th position arguably reflecting expectations associated with its transition to a new government following the Euromaidan protests. The conflict in the eastern part of the country and in Crimea did not affect the results of the exercise in a substantial way, because it was localized still at the time when the Survey was conducted, yet it will most likely affect the country†s competitiveness going forward The improvements in the GCI reflect more positive perceptions of institutions and the efficiency of markets Other improvements reflect better educational outcomes seen in a higher primary enrollment rate and more ICT use by individuals and business. At the time of writing restoring peace in Eastern Ukraine is undoubtedly the country†s highest priority. However, far-reaching reforms will be necessary in order to put economic growth on a sustainable footing. These include an overhaul of the institutional framework (130th), along with measures to reduce the dominance of large companies in domestic markets (129th) and to make markets more competitive 125th) and hence more efficient (112th. A strengthening of financial markets would further help stabilize the economy and enable Ukraine to better take advantage of its numerous competitiveness strengths, such as its well -educated population and its market size, which is fairly large in the European context The most recent addition to the EU family, Croatia is the second best performing country in Southeastern Europe at 77th place overall. The country boasts solid infrastructure (44th), especially in roads and electricity and benefits from relatively high levels of education and training (53rd), although the quality of its education needs to be improved (55th. Companies and individuals use ICTS fairly widely in regional comparison (40th and the country is open to foreign trade, with low tariffs and well-functioning customs procedures. Going forward, Croatia will need to continue strengthening its institutional framework (87th) and foster the efficiency of its market for goods and services. According to business executives, domestic markets are dominated by few firms and taxation is burdensome, even if low by international comparison. The country will need also to  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 26 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 focus on strengthening its macroeconomic environment which remains burdened by a fairly high budget deficit As Croatia will move into the innovation-driven stage of development in the coming years, it will need to start putting measures into place that incentivize and enable companies to innovate more. Currently, its businesses†capacity for innovation is low according to business executives, although research institutes are assessed more favorably (53rd) and the country†s patenting rate is moderately strong (36th Following the recovery that started last year, Greece advances 10 spots to reach 81st place. Improvements in the functioning of its goods market (85th) with enhanced levels of competition (71st) and more flexible labor markets (although they remain rather rigid, 117th along with a better macroeconomic performance with a sharp reduction in the budget deficit, have resulted in this more positive outlook despite its very high levels of government debt. All this suggests that the implemented reforms are starting to pay off. Notwithstanding this better performance, Greece continues to face important challenges that need to be addressed in order to continue improving its competitiveness. More precisely the functioning of its institutions remains weak and it achieves a poor evaluation for government efficiency 129th), its financial market (130th) has recovered not yet from the recent financial crisis, there are concerns about the soundness of its banks (141st), and access to financing (136th) remains the most problematic factor for doing business in the country. Moreover, in order to support a structural change of the Greek economy so that it can move toward more productive, knowledge -based activities, it will need to boost its innovation capacity (109th. That will require improvements in the quality of its education system (111th) as well as higher investments in knowledge-generating activities, such as R&d (114th Asia and the Pacific The competitiveness landscape in the Asia and the Pacific region remains one of stark contrasts. The region is home to three of the 10 most competitive economies in the world: Singapore, Japan, and Hong kong SAR A further three economies are featured in the top 20 Taiwan (China), New zealand, and Malaysia (20th), which is ranked the best of Emerging and Developing Asian nations. At 28th, China stands some 40 places ahead of India, the other regional economic giant. At the other end of the regional spectrum, five countries rank below the 100th mark, although encouragingly they are all progressing to different degrees: Nepal (102nd, up 15 places), Bhutan (103rd, up six), Bangladesh (109th, up one), Myanmar (134th, up five), and Timor-Leste (136th up two. The competitiveness gap between South Asian and Southeast Asian nations runs deeper than before The five largest Southeast Asian economies (ASEAN-5 all feature in the top half of the rankings, and all of them have made strides in this edition: Malaysia gains four places, Thailand is up six, Indonesia four, the Philippines seven, and Vietnam advances two places. Since 2009 they have improved their group performance in every edition. In South Asia, among the region†s six countries covered by the GCI, only India features in the top half of the rankings. Since 2009, the average GCI score of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC) countries has stagnated Because of the region†s diversity, the challenges vary enormously, but a few common priorities can be identified. For the most advanced economies, such as Japan, the Republic of korea, and Taiwan (China), one common challenge is the rigidity of their labor markets They must also set up an ecosystem that is better at creating truly disruptive innovations. For countries such as Malaysia, the goal is to transform the economy to become more knowledge-driven in order to avoid the middle-income trap. In China, more reforms and liberalization are needed to improve market efficiency increase competition, and encourage a more optimal allocation of financial resources. In most emerging Asian economies, common challenges include addressing the huge infrastructure deficit and improving regional connectivity; reducing red tape, which will promote economic formality and entrepreneurship and reduce pervasive and deep-rooted corruption; and improving market efficiency by phasing out distortionary measures As the region†s poorest economies†such as India and Myanmar†are transitioning away from agriculture and developing a manufacturing base, they will need to create a sound and stable institutional framework for local and foreign investors and improve connectivity Taiwan (China) ranks 14th, dropping two places despite maintaining its score. The third of the Asian Tigers, behind Singapore and Hong kong SAR, its performance has been very stable over the past six years. Notable strengths include its capacity to innovate 10th, down two), its highly efficient goods markets (11th its world-class infrastructure (11th), and strong higher education (12th. In order to enhance its competitiveness Taiwan will need to further strengthen its institutional framework (27th), whose quality is undermined by some inefficiency within the government (29th) and various forms of corruption (31st), and will need also to address some inefficiencies and rigidities in its labor market 32nd). ) As elsewhere in Asia, encouraging and facilitating the participation of women in the workforce (89th)  would contribute to enhancing competitiveness New zealand advances one rank to 17th place†its best rank since the introduction of the current GCI methodology. Among the highlights, the country is ranked 1st in the institutions pillar and features in the top 10 of five more pillars. In particular, New zealand ranks third in the financial market development pillar. It boasts  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 27 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 an excellent education system (9th), while the efficiency of its goods (6th) and labor (6th) markets is among the highest in the world Australia (22nd) follows an opposite trend. Since reaching its best rank†15th†in 2009, Australia has been dropping continuously in the rankings. However although not outstanding, the country†s performance is remarkably consistent across the board. It ranks no lower than 30th in 11 of the 12 pillars of the GCI. It achieves its best rank in the financial market development pillar, advancing one position to 6th place. In particular, the soundness of its banking sector is especially strong (3rd, behind Canada and New zealand. The country also posts gains in higher education and training, climbing to 11th position Australia†s macroeconomic situation has deteriorated slightly (30th, down five places), owing mainly to the small increase of the budget deficit. Australia†s public debt-to-GDP ratio, though rising, is the fourth lowest among OECD countries. Overall, the quality of Australia†s public institutions is excellent (22nd) but tarnished by the 124th position it obtains for the extent of red tape The main area of concern remains the labor market Australia ranks 136th for the rigidity of its hiring and firing practices and 132nd for the rigidity of its wage setting. Indeed, as part of our Executive Opinion Survey Australian businesses, year after year, have named the restrictive labor regulations the most problematic factor for doing business in their country by a wide margin Continuing its upward trend, Malaysia makes its way into the top 20 for the first time since the current GCI methodology was introduced in 2006. The country remains the highest ranked among the developing Asian economies. Malaysia advances nine positions in the institutions pillar, which largely drives this year†s progress. It ranks no lower than 60th in any of the 12 pillars of the GCI. It ranks an outstanding 4th in the financial market development pillar, which reflects its efforts to position itself as the leading center of global Islamic finance. And it ranks 7th in the efficiency of its goods and services markets and a business-friendly institutional framework (29th. In a region plagued by corruption and red tape, Malaysia stands out as one of the very few countries that have been relatively successful at tackling these two issues, as part of its economic and government transformation programs The country, for instance, ranks an impressive 4th for the burden of government regulation, although its score differential with the leader in this area, Singapore remains large. Malaysia ranks a satisfactory 26th in the ethics and corruption component of the Index, but room for improvement remains. Furthermore, Malaysia ranks 11th for the quality of its transport infrastructure a remarkable feat in this part of the world, where insufficient infrastructure and poor connectivity are major obstacles to development for many countries Finally, Malaysia†s private sector is sophisticated highly 15th) and already innovative (21st. All this bodes well for a country that aims to become a high-income knowledge-based economy by the end of the decade Amid this largely positive assessment, the government budget deficit, which represented 4. 6 percent of GDP in 2013 (102nd; the low level of female participation in the workforce (119th; and the still comparatively low technological readiness (60th) stand out as some of Malaysia†s major competitive challenges After exiting the top 20 last year, the Republic of Korea (26th) drops one more position. Its performance remains uneven across the different dimensions of the Index. The country loses further ground in two of the three areas in which historically it has performed poorly It now ranks 82nd (down eight places) in the institutions pillar and 86th (also down eight) in the labor market efficiency category. Although stable, the financial market development pillar remains a sore point (80th, up one preventing Korea from closing the competitiveness gap with the three other Asian Tigers. On a brighter note Korea possesses a remarkably sound macroeconomic environment (7th, second only to Norway among OECD countries. The country also boasts excellent infrastructure (14th), and enrollment rates at all levels of education are among the highest in the world. These factors, combined with the country†s high degree of technological adoption (25th) and relatively strong business sophistication (27th), contribute to explaining its remarkable capacity for innovation (17th Up one position, China ranks 28th. The country continues to lead the BRICS economies by a wide margin†well ahead of Russia (53rd), South africa (56th Brazil (57th), and India (71st. Small gains in most pillars of the GCI contribute to creating a more conducive ecosystem for entrepreneurship and innovation higher education and training (65th, up five; business sophistication (43rd, up two; and the technological readiness pillar, which constitutes China†s weakest showing in the GCI,(83rd, up two. Problems endure in the critically important financial sector (54th), the assessment of which is weakened by the relative fragility of the banking industry. Access to loans remains very difficult for a large number of SMES. The functioning of the market (56th, up five) is also improving, but various limiting measures and barriers to entry, along with investment rules, greatly limit competition. China is becoming more innovative (32nd), but it is not yet an innovation powerhouse. There is very little change in the assessment of the country†s governance structures 47th). ) Government efficiency is improving (now 31st), but corruption (66th), security concerns (68th, up seven), and low levels of accountability (80th, up two) and lack of transparency (43rd) continue to weaken the institutional framework. The macroeconomic situation remains favorable (10th: inflation is below 3 percent; budget  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 28 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 deficit has been reduced; and public debt-to-GDP ratio at 22.4 percent, is among the lowest in the world. Gross savings rate amounts to a staggering 50 percent of GDP This rate is probably too high in light of the need for China to rebalance its economy away from investment and toward more consumption. Despite the persistence of bottlenecks, the country also boasts good transport infrastructure and connectivity (21st), thanks to decades of massive investments. Trends are largely positive, but now is not the time for China to be complacent. The country is no longer an inexpensive location for labor -intensive activities and is losing manufacturing jobs to less-developed countries and even to some more advanced economies. China must now create the high -value jobs that will sustain the increasing standards of living Despite its prolonged political crisis, Thailand advances six places to 31st position. The country moves up 12 places in the macroeconomic environment pillar and now ranks 19th, its best showing among the 12 pillars. In 2013, Thailand almost balanced its budget and reduced inflation to 2 percent. Public debt remained stable and the savings rate was high. Thailand continues to do well in the financial development 34th) and improves its already strong showing in the market efficiency pillar (30th, up four. However, market competition remains limited by a number of barriers to entry, especially those affecting foreign investments Considerable challenges remain in other areas: first and foremost these relate to governance. Political and policy instability, excessive red tape, pervasive corruption security concerns, and high uncertainty around property rights protection seriously undermine the institutional framework (93rd in the public institutions subpillar, down eight). ) In most of these areas, Thailand ranks below the 100th mark. In particular, the level of trust in politicians is among the lowest in the world (129th. Another concern is the mediocre quality of education at all levels 87th, down nine) and the still low level of technological readiness pillar (65th), although Thailand shows marked improvement in this area (up 13. It must be noted that all the data used in our assessment were collected before the most recent developments†including the military coup of May 2014†took place Up four notches to 34th place, Indonesia Southeast Asia†s largest country, continues its progression in the overall rankings. This improvement in competitiveness will probably contribute to sustaining the country†s impressive momentum†its GDP grew by 5. 8 percent annually since 2004†under the new leadership. That said, Indonesia†s overall performance remains uneven. Infrastructure and connectivity continue to improve: up five places from last year and 20 places since 2011, Indonesia now ranks 56th in the related GCI pillar. The quality of public and private governance is strengthening: Indonesia is up 14 places to 53rd as a result of improvement in 18 of the 21 indicators composing this pillar. In particular, Indonesia ranks a remarkable 36th place for government efficiency Corruption remains prevalent (87th) but has been receding for several years. The macroeconomic situation deteriorated between 2012 and 2013 on the back of a higher deficit, but remains satisfactory (34th, down eight The situation of its labor market (110th, down seven remains by far the weakest aspect, owing to rigidities in terms of wage setting and hiring and firing procedures†for instance, the World bank estimates that, on average the cost associated with making a worker redundant is equivalent to 58 weeks of salary (139th. Furthermore the participation of women in the workforce remains low (112th. Another area of concern is public health 99th). ) The incidence of communicable diseases and the infant mortality rate are among the highest outside Sub-saharan africa. Turning to the more sophisticated drivers of competitiveness, Indonesia†s technological readiness is lagging (77th. In particular, the use of ICTS by the population at large remains comparatively low 94th, down 10 Up seven places, the Philippines (52nd) continues its upward trend. The country†s gain of 33 places since 2010 is the largest over that period among all countries studied. The results suggest that the reforms of the past four years have bolstered the country†s economic fundamentals. The trends across most of the 12 pillars are positive, and in some cases truly remarkable. In the institutions pillar (67th), the Philippines has leapfrogged some 50 places since 2010. In particular, there are signs that the efforts made against corruption have started bearing fruit: in terms of ethics and corruption the country has moved from 135th in 2010 to 81st this year. The recent success of the government in tackling some of the most pressing structural issues provides evidence that bold reforms can yield positive results relatively quickly. A similar pattern is observed in terms of government efficiency (69th) and the protection of property rights (63rd. Finally, the Philippines has made significant strides in terms of technological adoption 69th, up eight. The country is one of the best digitally connected developing Asian nations, close behind Malaysia (60th) and Thailand (65th. The same cannot be said of infrastructure, however, which remains poor 91st), especially with respect to airport (108th) and seaport (101st) infrastructure. The situation is just as worrisome in the labor market, which suffers from rigidities and inefficiencies: the Philippines ranks a mediocre 91st in this dimension and almost no progress has been made since 2010. Finally, security remains an issue (89th), in particular in terms of costs that the threat of terrorism imposes on businesses (110th Continuing on its downward trend and losing 11 places, India ranks 71st. The country†s new government faces the challenge of improving competitiveness and  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 29 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 reviving the economy, which is growing at half the rate of 2010. Boxâ 2 details India†s performance Up two positions, Vietnam ranks 68th, with a performance almost unchanged from last year Following an episode of double-digit inflation in 2011, its macroeconomic situation continues to improve (75th, up 12 positions), as inflation declined to 6. 6 percent. Public institutions also receive a better assessment (85th, up five), on the basis of better property rights protection 104th, up nine), improved efficiency (91st, up 13), and a lower level of perceived corruption (109th, up seven Progress in this area occurs from a low base, however The quality of transport and energy infrastructures also improves slightly (81st. In a region where many Box 2: India†s competitiveness crisis Despite its immense potential and promise, by many accounts India continues to suffer from poverty. A third of its population still lives in extreme poverty†possibly the highest incidence outside sub-Saharan Africa†and many people still lack access to basic services and opportunities, such as sanitation, healthcare, and quality schooling. Improving the standards of living of the Indian population will require the country to accelerate its growth. Yet, since 2011, India has experienced a slowdown. In 2013, its economy grew by a modest 4. 4 percent (see Figureâ 1). Improving competitiveness in order to put growth on a more stable footing should therefore be a priority for the new government Dropping for the sixth consecutive edition, India ranks 71st (down 11) out of 144 economies in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2014-2015 (see Figureâ 2). It is the lowest ranked among the BRICS economies. The rank differential with China (28th) has grown from 14 places in 2007 to 43 today; while India†s GDP per capita was higher than China†s in 1991,1 today China is four times richer (see Figureâ 1). This competitiveness divide helps to explain the different trajectories of these two economies India†s slide in the competitiveness rankings began in 2009, when its economy was still growing at 8. 5 percent (it even grew by 10.3 percent in 2010. Back then, however India†s showing in the GCI was already casting doubt about the sustainability of this growth. 2 Since then, the country has been struggling to achieve growth of 5 percent. The country has declined in most areas assessed by the GCI since 2007 most strikingly in institutions, business sophistication, financial market development, and goods market efficiency Figureâ 3 sheds light on the main strengths and weaknesses of India†s competitiveness and presents the country†s performance along the 12 dimensions of the GCI Overall, India does best in the more complex areas of the GCI: innovation (49th) and business sophistication (57th. In contrast, it obtains low marks in the more basic and more fundamental drivers of competitiveness. For instance, India ranks 98th on the health and primary education pillar. The health situation is indeed alarming: infant mortality and malnutrition incidence are among the highest in the world only 36 percent of the population have access to improved sanitation; and life expectancy is Asia†s second shortest after Myanmar. On a more positive note, India is on track to achieve universal primary education, although the quality of primary education remains poor (88th) and it ranks a low 93rd in the higher education and training pillar of the GCI. Transport and electricity infrastructure are need in of upgrading (87th. In 2012, a working group appointed by the Planning commission of India had recommended that a trillion US dollars†or almost 10 percent of India†s GDP€ be Cont†d Figure 1: GDP growth and GDP per capita of India and China since 1980 Source: IMF 2014c 0 4 8 12 16 20 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 201320102007200420011998199519921989198619831980 Re al G DP g ro w th a nn ua l p er ce nt c ha ng e GDP per capita (PPP$ GCP growth †China †India GDP per capita †China †India  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 30 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Cont†d Box 2: India†s competitiveness crisis (cont†d spent on infrastructure by 2017.3 Given the country†s strained public finances, addressing the infrastructure gap will require very strong participation on the part of private and foreign investors through public-private partnerships But for these types of investments to materialize the institutional framework needs to improve. There are encouraging signs. India has achieved spectacular progress in various measures of corruption and now ranks 65th Red tape seems to be less of an issue than it had been and government efficiency is equally improving. However the overall business environment and market efficiency 95th, down 10 places) are undermined by protectionism monopolies, and various distortionary measures, including subsidies and administrative barriers to entry and operation The World bank estimated that it takes 12 procedures (130th and almost a month to register a business (106th. In addition it calculated that taxes for a typical registered firm amount on average, to 63 percent of its profits (130th. Furthermore the labor market is inefficient and rigid (112th. These factors contribute to the high cost of integrating more businesses into the formal economy. Some estimates find that the informal sector accounts for half of India†s economic output and 90 percent of its employment. 4 It is therefore urgent that the government create the right incentives for businesses to register and contribute their fair share to the provision of public services India achieves its lowest rank among the 12 pillars in technological readiness (121st. Despite mobile telephony being almost ubiquitous, India is one of the world†s least digitally connected countries. Only 15 percent of Indians access the Internet on a regular basis. Broadband Internet if available at all, remains the privilege of a very few. India†s knack for frugal innovation should contribute to providing cheap solutions for bridging this digital divide The financial resources required for delivering basic services, including sanitation and healthcare, and for improving India†s physical and digital connectivity are considerable. But India†s fiscal situation remains in disarray, as evidenced by the country†s 101st rank in the macroeconomic environment pillar of the GCI. With the exception of 2007, the central government has consistently run deficits since 2000. Because of the high degree of informality, its tax base is relatively narrow, representing less than 10 percent of GDP. In addition, over the past several years India has experienced persistently high, in some years near double-digit, inflation, which reached 9. 5 percent in 2013. The Reserve bank of India is torn between keeping Figure 2: Historical performance of selected countries in the Global Competitiveness Index Note: Higher value means better rank 0 40 60 80 74 %63 %81 %51 %100 2014†20152013†20142012†20132011†20122010†20112009†20102008†20092007†2008 Pe rc en til e ra nk China †Brazil †India †Indonesia †South africa Global Competitiveness Index edition India†s overall GCI rank Year Rank 2007†2008 48th/131 2008†2009 50th/134 2009†2010 49th/133 2010†2011 51st/139 2011†2012 56th/142 2012†2013 59th/144 2013†2014 60th/148 2014†2015 71st/144 countries have poorly functioning labor markets, Vietnam ranks a satisfactory 49th, its best showing among the 12 pillars with the exception of the market size pillar 34th). ) Vietnam†s financial sector and its banks remain vulnerable. Technological readiness remains low (99th up three. The country†s businesses are especially slow in adopting the latest technologies (118th), thus forfeiting significant productivity gains through technological transfer. The degree of business sophistication is low 106th, down eight), with companies typically operating toward the bottom of the value chain  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 31 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 After two consecutive years of steep decline Pakistan (129th) remains essentially stable since last year. The country obtains low marks in the most critical and basic areas of competitiveness. Its public institutions (125th) are constrained by red tape corruption, patronage, and lack of property rights protection. Its security situation remains alarming 142nd). ) Pakistan is the third least safe of all countries covered, behind only Yemen and Libya. Thanks to a lower inflation rate and a smaller budget deficit, the country†s macroeconomic situation improves slightly but nevertheless remains dismal (137th. Pakistan†s Box 2: India†s competitiveness crisis (cont†d Note: India†s rank (out of 144 economies) in the pillar is indicated in parentheses Figure 3: India in the 12 pillars of the GCI 2014†2015 Institutions (70 Infrastructure (87 Macroeconomic environment (101 Health and primary education (98 Higher education and training (93 Goods market efficiency (95 Labor market efficiency (112 Financial market development (51 Technological readiness (121 Market size (3 Business sophistication (57 Innovation (49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 †2007†2008 †2014†2015 interest rates low to stimulate the faltering economy and tightening monetary policy to stem inflation Improving competitiveness will yield India huge benefits In particular, it will help rebalance the economy and move the country up the value chain so as to ensure more solid and stable growth; this in turn could result in more employment opportunities for the country†s rapidly growing population Despite the abundance of low-cost labor, India has a very narrow manufacturing base. Manufacturing accounts for less than 15 percent of India†s GDP. 5 Agriculture represents 18 percent of output and employs 47 percent of the workforce Low productivity in the sector means very low wages and a life of mere subsistence for many. The services sector accounts for just 28 percent of employment but for 56 percent of the economy. Most services jobs are low-skilled and poorly paid ones, though. White collar jobs remain rare For example, the vibrant business-process outsourcing sector employs 3. 1 million workers, or 0. 6 percent of India†s 482 million strong labor force (but accounts for 6 percent of GDP). ) 6 India needs to create jobs in the â€oemissing middle†for the 610 million youths under 25†half of India†s population†who have entered recently or will soon enter the workforce In a parliamentary address in June 2014, President Mukherjee outlined the government†s economic agenda It envisages building smart cities, establishing world-class industrial zones, and transforming the country into a manufacturing hub. It remains to be seen whether the new administration will succeed in convincing the public opinion mobilizing the resources, and passing the reforms necessary to achieve this vision Notes 1 When measured at purchasing power parity. GDP figures are from IMF 2014c 2 See World Economic Forum 2009 3 In the Plan, â€oeinfrastructure†covers all modes of transportation as well as telecommunication, sanitation, and irrigation infrastructures. See Planning commission of India 2012 4 Credit suisse 2013 5 World bank, World Development Indicators database (accessed May 12, 2014 6 Estimates are for fiscal year 2014. NASSCOM, â€oeindia IT-BPM Overview, †available at http://www. nasscom. in/impact-indias -growth (accessed August 3, 2014. Labor force size estimates for 2012 are from the World bank, World Development Indicators database (accessed August 3, 2014. The GDP estimate is for 2013 and sourced from IMF 2014c  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 32 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 infrastructure (119th) †particularly for electricity (133rd) †is underdeveloped. Moreover, the country†s performance in terms of health and education is among the worst of all the countries covered. Infant mortality (137th) is the highest outside Sub-saharan africa, and, with one of the lowest enrollment rates in the world (132nd), it is estimated that almost a quarter of children do not go to primary school. Pakistan†s competitiveness is further penalized by the many rigidities and inefficiencies of its labor market (132nd, up six. Female participation in the labor force is the world†s fifth lowest (140th. Finally, the potential of ICTS is leveraged not sufficiently, and access to ICTS remains low (114th. On a slightly more positive note, Pakistan does comparatively better in the more advanced areas captured by the GCI, ranking 72nd in the financial development pillar and 81st on the business sophistication pillar Covered for the first time last year, Myanmar advances five places and ranks 134th. After decades of political and economic isolation, the country is going through profound changes. Its government has embarked on an ambitious process of reforms to improve the country†s economic landscape and prospects, notably by leveraging Myanmar†s extraordinary assets. These include an abundance of natural resources, very favorable demographics, and a strategic location in the heart of Asia. Competitiveness is at the core of this strategy. However, Myanmar†s challenges are many and the road to prosperity will be a challenging one. The country ranks beyond the 100th rank in 10 out of the 12 pillars of the GCI, but has improved in 11 of them over the past year Latin america and the Caribbean The economic deceleration that started in 2012 continued in 2013, with an estimated growth rate for the region below 3 percent. For 2014, growth forecasts are not more optimistic and, according to the IMF, 24 the region is poised to grow at only 2. 5 percent, below the trend of recent years. Overall, the region continues to suffer from strong headwinds related to weak investments, a fall in exports and commodity prices, and tighter access to finance that, to a large extent, fueled growth in recent years Building the economic resilience of the region will depend on its capacity to strengthen the fundamentals of its economy by boosting its level of competitiveness However, regional productivity continues to be low and trailing other emerging or advanced economies A lack of sufficient investments in growth-enhancing areas, such as infrastructure, skills development and innovation, coupled with insufficient and delayed reforms needed to improve business conditions and the allocation of resources, result in a certain inability of the local economies of the region to move toward more productive sectors and thus, higher levels of competitiveness The need to boost competitiveness by undertaking the necessary investments and by fully and efficiently implementing structural reforms has become not only important but also urgent if the region is to be able to consolidate the economic and social gains that many countries have experienced in past years. Becoming more resilient and less affected by external fluctuations will depend on this Chile, at 33rd, regains the position it lost last year and remains the most competitive economy in Latin america, with a very stable profile. The country continues to build up its traditional assets, which are related to a strong institutional setup (28th) with low levels of corruption (25th) and an efficient government 21st); ) solid macroeconomic stability (22nd) with low levels of both public deficit and public debt; and efficient markets, despite some rigidities in its labor market that result from its persistent high redundancy costs (120th Notwithstanding these strengths, the current economic context†with its potentially strong headwinds that result from the decline in the price of minerals†highlights the need for Chile to diversify its economy by moving toward more knowledge-based activities. In this context, the country still needs to make major efforts to address some of its traditional weaknesses. Important flaws in the country†s education system, notably in terms of its quality (71st) †especially in math and science (99th) †do not provide companies with a workforce that has the necessary skills to upgrade their production or embark on innovative projects; this is regarded as one of the country†s most problematic factors for doing business This difficulty†together with low innovation investment especially in the private sector (77th) †results in a poor innovation capacity overall (76th), which could jeopardize Chile†s necessary transition toward a knowledge-based economy Panama continues to follow Chile in the regional rankings and once again scores as the most competitive economy in Central america; it is among the top 50 in the world, despite a fall of eight places to 48th position This drop is driven by a slight deterioration in the perceived functioning of institutions (74th), most notably in terms of their inability to fight corruption (94th) and raise government efficiency (55th; and the poor quality of the education system (83rd) with its inability to provide the right set of skills for an economy that increasingly needs a skilled labor force to sustain the sharp economic growth of past years. This skills shortage is perceived as one of the most problematic factors for doing business in the country, and is likely to remain a severe obstacle to business in the coming years, representing a bottleneck for Panama†s transition toward more knowledge-intensive activities. Notwithstanding these challenges to the economic agenda of the country going forward, Panama  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 33 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 continues to benefit from important competitiveness strengths. As it did last year, Panama boasts impressive infrastructure (40th), with some of the best port (7th) and airport (7th) facilities not only in Latin america but in the world, positioning it as a strong transport hub for the region. Its financial market (22nd) and an assessment of its technological adoption (23rd), especially via foreign multinational corporations setting up in the country remain strong, and its mobile broadband subscriptions 73rd) are increasing As in recent editions, Costa rica continues to rise in the rankings, improving three positions to take 51st place. Overall, the country depicts a very stable profile building on its traditional assets, although it does suffer from some persistent weaknesses. In terms of strengths Costa rica is poised fairly well to engage in a rapid transition toward more knowledge-based activities The country boasts one of the best education systems in the region (21st; a fairly high ICT uptake (45th) with a high international Internet bandwidth capacity (36th and many mobile broadband subscriptions (20th and a fairly well developed capacity to innovate (36th and solid access to technology (39th), thanks to the crucial role that FDI and technology transfer (5th plays in the country. In addition, Costa rica benefits from fairly strong institutions (46th), despite a strong sense that government spending may not always be directed toward the most productive activities (120th Notwithstanding these important strengths, the country†s persistent weaknesses hold back its competitiveness More precisely, its poor transport infrastructure (108th difficulty in accessing finance either through equity 117th) or loans (118th), and some concerns about its macroeconomic performance and high budget deficit 116th) are all areas the country should address Still suffering some of the consequences of the global financial crisis, Barbados falls eight positions in the rankings to 55th place. As in the past, this drop is driven by the persistence of the credit crunch that is regarded as the most problematic factor for doing business in the country and that is severely hindering the capacity of local businesses to finance their activities by raising new equity (91st), loans (101st), or venture capital (101st) to support innovative projects. In addition concerns about macroeconomic conditions (132nd persist, as Barbados boasts one of the highest public deficits (140th) in the world, one of the lowest savings rates (136th), and public debt (128th) that is quickly approaching 100 percent of the national GDP. The need to stabilize its macroeconomic outlook and ease the flow of financing toward productive investments will be crucial to allow the country to recover the ground lost since the beginning of the crisis. On a more positive note, Barbados continues to benefit from a fairly skilled labor force thanks to a high-quality education system 15th) and high enrollment rates in secondary (19th) and tertiary education (42nd; well-functioning institutions 33rd), despite some concern about the government efficiency in managing public spending (57th; and solid infrastructure (28th Brazil drops one position and ranks 57th this year. This decline is driven by insufficient progress in addressing its persistent transport infrastructure weaknesses (77th) and a perceived deterioration in the functioning of its institutions (104th), with increased concerns about government efficiency (131st) and corruption (130th. Brazil also exhibits a weaker macroeconomic performance this year (85th), a further tightening of access to financing, and a poor education system (126th) that fails to provide workers with the necessary set of skills for an economy in transition toward more knowledge-based activities. Addressing these weaknesses, for Brazil as for other BRICS economies, will require implementing reforms and engaging in productive investments (see Boxâ 3). This approach is not only important but has become urgent for reinforcing Brazil†s resilience. The country is poised to face strong headwinds related to recent shifts in the global economy, with a drop in the international price of commodities and potential outflows of capital that had come into the country from some advanced economies during the height of the financial crisis. Notwithstanding these challenges, Brazil still benefits from important strengths, especially its large market size and its fairly sophisticated business community (47th), with pockets of innovation excellence (44th) in many research-driven high-value-added activities In spite of the drop of six places, Mexico (61st has adopted important structural reforms in the past year. This fall in the rankings is driven by a deterioration in the perceived functioning of institutions (102nd; the quality of an education system that does not seem to deliver on the skill set that a changing Mexican economy requires; and its low level of ICT uptake (88th), which is crucial for this transformation. In addition, the results show that the benefits of the many adopted reforms intended to increase the level of competition and efficiency in the functioning of Mexico†s markets have not yet materialized, highlighting the need for effective implementation that should not be delayed. Recently some changes have been observed, notably in the telecommunications market. As more of these results start to become evident, the country will increase its competitiveness Edge in this process of improvement Mexico can continue counting on its traditional strengths its relatively stable macroeconomic environment 53rd), its large and deep internal market that allows for important economies of scale (10th), reasonably good transport infrastructure (41st), and a number of sophisticated businesses (58th), which is uncommon for a country at its stage of development  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 34 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Box 3: Competitiveness and the need for structural reform in large emerging economies In recent decades, many emerging economies benefited from rapid economic growth, which allowed them to gain a more prominent role in the global economy. 1 Emerging economies drove growth throughout the economic crisis. In 2009†the worst year of the crisis†the combined GDP of advanced economies contracted by 3 percent while emerging economies grew by 3 percent. Overall, between 2007 and 2013, emerging economies grew by 5. 9 percent annually five percentage points more than advanced economies These radically different trajectories accelerated the shift of economic power from advanced economies toward the emerging world, which in 2012 accounted for more than half of global output for the first time in recent history. High commodity prices and better access to financing thanks to the inflow of capital, often from advanced economies, go a long way toward explaining these positive developments in recent years However, since 2010, economic growth has been slowing down in emerging economies, which grew by 4. 7 percent in 2013, the second lowest rate since 2002, and the International monetary fund has revised recently its forecast for 2014 down to 4. 6 percent. 2 The slowdown can be attributed to several factors Overall, commodity prices, with the exception of oil prices have stagnated or started to fall. At the same time, the outflow of capital and the phasing out of accommodating monetary policy in the United states have created further instability and worsened credit access conditions for emerging economies In addition, emerging economies for the most part did not use the recent spell of high growth to implement the structural reforms needed to boost productivity and build competitiveness. The necessary reforms are particularly critical in three areas:(1) boosting competition, especially in strategic sectors of the economy, by removing bottlenecks and barriers to entry;(2) making the labor markets more flexible and more effective at using all existing talent; and (3) improving the efficiency of public institutions, which is also crucial to ensure an effective implementation of structural reforms The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) reveals the poor performance among many of the 20 largest emerging economies†which together account for 27 percent of global GDP€ in terms of the functioning of their institutions, as well as in establishing efficient product and labor markets (see Table 1). In particular, six of those countries rank below the 100th mark: Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, Pakistan, and Venezuela. A further eight countries rank lower than the 100th mark in at least one of these three categories Furthermore, the GCI results also point to a lack of progress over time. Only three countries have recorded higher values in all areas since 2010: Malaysia, the Philippines, and the Russian Federation. The latter, however, still ranks a low 119th in market competition and 102nd in public institutions Among the BRICS, China has lost 22 places in terms of market competition since 2010, and both India and Brazil have lost considerable ground in all three areas These results highlight how important it will be for emerging economies to promptly and efficiently implement structural reforms. Those reforms are necessary to increase their competitiveness, build their resilience against future external shocks, allow a more efficient allocation of resources and facilitate the transition toward more productive activities Notes 1 For the sake of readability, we use the shorter formulation â€oeemerging Economies, †to refer to the group of â€oedeveloping and Emerging Market Economies†as defined by the International Monetary fund in its publications, such as the World Economic Outlook series 2 IMF 2014d Table 1: Rankings of the 20 largest emerging economies on selected components of the GCI Public institutions Market competition Labor market efficiency GCI 2014†2015 rank Country 2014†2015 rank Since 2010*2014†2015 rank Since 2010*2014†2015 rank Since 2010 *20 Malaysia 23+21 9+20 19+16 24 Saudi arabia 26 †5 33 †24 64+2 28 China 43+3 86 †22 37+1 32 Thailand 93 †23 47+6 66 †42 34 Indonesia 53+4 57+3 110 †26 43 Poland 56 †2 46+3 79 †26 45 Turkey 67+23 44+18 131 †4 52 Philippines 75+49 109+12 91+20 53 Russian Federation 102+16 119+10 45+12 56 South africa 45+8 35+8 113 †16 57 Brazil 104 †8 135 †3 109 †13 61 Mexico 109+1 110+6 121 †1 66 Colombia 123 †6 127+3 84 †15 70 India 69 †10 111 †23 112 †20 83 Iran, Islamic Rep. 98 †24 121 †18 142 †7 104 Argentina 138 †5 143 †5 143 †15 118 Egypt 101 †40 126 †42 140 †7 127 Nigeria 132 †10 78+11 40+34 129 Pakistan 125 †11 108 †10 132 †1 131 Venezuela 144 †5 144 †5 144 †6 Note: Countries are listed according to their overall GCI rank. Ranks are out of 144 economies *Change in ranking between the 2010†2011 and the 2014†2015 editions of the GCI  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 35 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Despite Peru†s drop of four positions to 65th place the country continues to be positioned within the top half of the rankings. Concerns about the functioning of its institutions (118th), along with insufficient progress in improving the quality of its education 134th) and technological adoption (92nd), explain this decline, supporting the idea, highlighted last year, of a certain exhaustion of the sources of the country†s competitiveness gains of the past years. Among these gains are a very strong macroeconomic performance 21st) and high levels of efficiency in its goods (53rd financial (40th), and labor (51st) markets, despite rigidity in hiring and firing practices (130th. Although Peru has recently benefited from strong growth thanks to the rise in the price of minerals, the country should build its resilience by addressing its most long-lasting challenges it needs to strengthen its public institutions (127th by increasing government efficiency (116th), fighting corruption (103th), and improving infrastructure (88th In addition, building up Peru†s capacity to generate and use knowledge and thus diversify its economy toward more productive activities will require raising the quality of education (134th), which is now not capable of providing the skills needed for a changing economy; to boost technology adoption (92nd), including a broader uptake and use of ICTS (101st; and to raise its innovation capacity (117th), which remains low. These actions will require time to develop and bear fruit Colombia climbs three positions to reach 66th place. It continues to depict a fairly stable competitiveness profile with results similar to those of previous editions across most dimensions, with two notable exceptions that account for this year†s improved performance. The first is the country†s level of technological adoption (68th), most notably of ICTS (66th. The second is the development of its infrastructure (84th), which remains, nevertheless, the second most problematic factor for doing business in Colombia, after the high level of corruption (123rd Overall, the country benefits from stable macroeconomic conditions (29th) with a manageable fiscal deficit low levels of public debt, and inflation that is under control at around 2 percent; financial services that are relatively sophisticated by regional standards (53rd; a large market (32nd; and fairly high levels of education enrollment both at secondary (62nd) and tertiary level 61st), especially when compared with those of other countries in the region. On a less positive note, Colombia continues to suffer from weak institutions (111th) and as already mentioned, significant levels of corruption 123rd). ) Despite its improvement, the quality of transport infrastructure is still low (108th. Finally, as is the case for many other countries in the region, Colombia will have to diversify its economy and become less dependent on revenue from mineral resources. In this transformation the country will need to improve the quality of its education system (90th), which continues to drop especially in areas such as mathematics and science 109th); ) it will need also to build a more robust innovation ecosystem (77th), which will require not only more and better public investment but also a decisive recognition on the part of Colombian firms of the need to innovate by undertaking the right set of investments in areas such as R&d (84th) as well as on-the-job training schemes 73rd) and ICT adoption Climbing eight places and establishing itself in the middle range of the rankings this year, Guatemala is positioned at 78th place, following Panama and Costa Rica in the Central american rankings. The country†s rise is led by improvements in its level of competition in the goods market (54th) thanks to the reduction of red tape for new businesses and better infrastructure 67th), although these remain a challenge. Within Central America, El salvador (84th) continues its ascent climbing 13 ranks; as does Honduras (100th), which rises 11 positions, while Nicaragua remains stable at 99th position In South america, besides Chile and Brazil the situation remains relatively stable and in need of important changes to improve competitiveness Uruguay (80th) manages to improve its performance while Bolivia (105th) loses seven places, unable to consolidate last year†s gain. Paraguay falls one place to 120th position; Argentina (104th) remains stable; and Venezuela (131st) closes the regional rankings, ahead of only Haiti (137th Argentina (104th), after several years of falling in the rankings, this year remains stable, albeit at a very low position. One of Argentina†s major concerns is to build its economic resilience in a rapidly changing global economic context characterized by lower commodity prices that can drastically affect The argentine economy Overall, the country continues to face adverse macroeconomic conditions (102nd) that affect its access to credit (134th. It also suffers from a weak institutional set up (137th), scoring poorly in terms of corruption 139th), government inefficiency (142nd), and government favoritism (143rd. In addition, inefficiently functioning goods (141st), labor (143rd), and financial (129th) markets continue to hinder the country†s potential, which is enormous thanks to a relatively large market size (24th with the potential for important economies of scale and scope, its digital readiness (61st), and its high university enrollment (15th) of more than 78 percent. These assets are not being utilized fully amid the negative framework conditions that hamper the potential of The argentine economy Venezuela (131st) continues to be immersed in a deep macroeconomic (139th) and institutional (144th crisis. A very unstable macroeconomic environment with high levels of inflation, public debt, and deficit coupled with a weak institutional set up, high levels of corruption  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 36 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 and an inefficient government as well as malfunctioning markets that do not allocate resources effectively result in this poor performance. These deficiencies hinder the country†s capacity to leverage some important assets such as its relatively well educated population, with a high percentage of the population enrolled in tertiary education (16th), and relatively good ICT penetration with more than half of the population using the Internet (60th The Middle east and North africa Large parts of the Middle east and North African region continue to be affected by geopolitical conflict and turbulence. Yet the emphasis has shifted. Some North African economies, such as Egypt and Tunisia, are slowly stabilizing and are starting to focus on economic reform. Structural reforms and improvements to business environments will help restore the still-shaken investor confidence in countries in transition in the region Other economies, such as Libya and Lebanon, remain affected by conflict or unrest within their own borders or in neighboring countries. At the same time, some small, energy-rich economies continue to perform well in the rankings, building on their resource-driven wealth to undertake structural reforms and invest in competitiveness-enhancing measures. These endeavors will help drive private-sector employment that, in turn, is necessary to provide sufficient numbers of gainful and sustainable jobs for the countries†populations The United arab emirates takes the lead in the region, moving up to 12th position this year. To some extent this overall ranking improvement is technical and due to the fact that data on tertiary enrollment are no longer available. At the same time, the country†s successful bid for Expo 2020 and its strong drive toward reforms have anchored many initiatives to enhance competitiveness. These efforts are paying off: its institutional framework, infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, and ICT use have improved all. Overall, the country†s competitiveness reflects the high quality of its infrastructure, where it ranks an excellent 3rd, as well as its highly efficient goods markets (3rd. A strong macroeconomic environment (5th) and some positive aspects of the country†s institutions†such as strong public trust in politicians (3rd) and high government efficiency (5th) †round out the list of competitive advantages. Going forward, putting the country on a more stable development path will require further investment to boost health and educational outcomes 38th on the health and primary education pillar. Raising the bar with respect to education will require not only measures to improve the quality of teaching and the relevance of curricula, but also measures to provide stronger incentives for the population to attend schools at the primary and secondary levels. Last but not least further promoting the use of ICTS and a stronger focus on R&d and business innovation will be necessary to diversify the economy and ensure that economic growth is sustainable going into the future Qatar falls three places to 16th position. Although the country benefits from high levels of macroeconomic stability and efficient goods and financial markets as well as high levels of physical security, it will have to step up its efforts to improve a number of areas in order to achieve a more diversified economy. Improving educational outcomes, especially participation in primary and tertiary education; fostering the use of ICTS; and further opening the country up to foreign trade will be necessary to increase productivity in non-hydrocarbon sectors. At a more fundamental level, Qatari businesses would benefit from reduced administrative barriers to set up businesses and from upgrading the transport infrastructure Saudi arabia (24th) loses four positions in this year†s edition, based on a less positive assessment of its quality of education and level of domestic competition The country will need to enhance competitiveness to further diversify its economy and create sufficient number of jobs for the growing workforce. Overall its competitiveness benefits from high levels of macroeconomic stability (4th) with low debt and a budget that is consistently in comfortable surplus The country also benefits from the largest market size among the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies 20th). ) Yet Saudi arabia also faces important challenges going forward. For example, health and education do not meet the standards of other countries at similar income levels (50th. In light of the need to create jobs further emphasis should be placed on education and labor market reforms. Room for improvement remains in particular with respect to higher education and training 57th), where Saudi Arabia†s assessment has weakened in recent years. Business leaders consider that the quality of education could be improved especially with respect to training in management (78th) and math and science (73rd. Labor market efficiency (64th) could also be improved, and reform in this area will be critical for Saudi arabia, given the growing number of young people who will enter its labor market over the next several years. More efficient use of talent†in particular, enabling a growing share of educated women to work†and better education outcomes will increase in importance as the country attempts to diversify its economy, which will require a more skilled and educated workforce. Last but not least, although some progress has been recorded recently, the use of the latest technologies such as ICTS can be enhanced further (45th), especially as this is an area where Saudi arabia continues to trail other GCC economies Israel retains the 27th position in this year†s GCI The country†s main strengths remain its world-class capacity for innovation (3rd), which rests on innovative businesses that benefit from the presence of some of  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 37 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 the world†s best research institutions (3rd), support by the government through public procurement policies 9th), and a favorable financial environment for start-ups availability of venture capital is assessed at 9th place Yet for the country†s innovation-driven competitiveness strategy to be successful and viable going into the future Israel will have to address some basic competitiveness challenges. Israel†s institutions are need in of continued upgrading (43rd) and a stronger focus on raising the bar in education is needed. If not addressed, poor educational outcomes†particularly in math and science 79th) and in primary schools (86th) †could undermine the country†s innovative capacity over the longer term Room for improvement also remains with respect to the macroeconomic environment (50th), although improvements have taken place between 2012 and 2013 as the fiscal deficit and public debt were reduced. At the time of writing, the security situation in the country is once again fragile, which could potentially affect the country†s economy, although this has not been the case in the recent past Jordan moves back up to 64th place, a rank it held two years ago. The improvement mainly reflects a lower budget deficit and some progress made in education and financial market development. The country is faced with a number of social challenges that require the government†s attention: for example it must address both unemployment among young people (31.3 percent in 2012) and the consequence of the conflict in neighboring Syria, which has brought high numbers of refugees to Jordan. Nevertheless, Jordan has the potential to benefit more from its geographical proximity to GCC economies and Europe, and recent fiscal reforms have created space for shifting spending toward productivity-enhancing measures. The country has a relatively well educated population (48th), vibrant domestic markets (36th), and its stable and rather efficient institutions (37th) are a strong asset in regional comparison. Boosting economic growth over the longer term will require Jordan†s policymakers to address a number of challenges. According to the GCI, there is significant room for improvement in boosting labor market efficiency (94th), and the full potential of ICTS for improving productivity has not yet been exploited fully 90th). ) Jordan could also benefit from more openness to international trade and investment, which would trigger further efficiency gains in its domestic economy and facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology. Tariff barriers remain high in international comparison (107th and regulatory barriers to FDI remain in place (73rd And although bank financing appears to be more easily available than in many other countries (Jordan comes in at 25th on ease of access to loans), efforts to further stabilize its banking sector should be continued (103rd Morocco moves up to 72nd position this year, partially recovering from last year†s drop. A reduced budget deficit (between 2012 and 2013) and improvements in primary education and innovation support the country†s rise in the rankings. Some aspects of its institutions have improved as well, reflecting Morocco†s relative social and political stability and efforts made over recent years to modernize its business environment, particularly its administrative aspects Continuing the process of economic diversification which has boosted already exports and FDI in higher -value-added industries, will be important for the country†s future growth. Building on its competitiveness strengths, such as physical security (39th), some positive aspects of goods markets efficiency (e g.,, 32nd on number of procedures to start a business), and a rather solid and efficient banking sector (42nd on soundness of banks), Morocco should continue its successful efforts to address key competitiveness challenges. Necessary measures include boosting education (104th) in terms of both quality and access, and reforming its labor market 111th). ) With respect to education, making schooling at the secondary and tertiary levels more accessible and attractive to increase enrollment rates in these two segments would ensure that a qualified labor force is available to support economic diversification. In their responses to the Survey, business executives also point out that revising curricula so that skills taught better match the needs of businesses should be a priority. With respect to labor markets, raising the share of women in the labor force would greatly strengthen the talent base available in the country. Last but not least, boosting the use of ICTS among businesses and individuals (84th would also greatly benefit the country†s competitiveness Algeria moves up to 79th position this year. This rise is driven mainly by a sounder macroeconomic environment, which remains the country†s most important competitiveness strength (11th. Yet improvements are seen also in other areas, such as institutions and physical security, albeit from a low level. Some aspects of education also show a positive trend: for example, the quality of education seems to be improving. A major overhaul of the institutional framework and increased focus on the efficiency of the goods, labor, and in particular financial markets will be necessary to put Algeria†s growth on a more sustainable trajectory Iran comes in at 83rd, losing one place in comparison to last year†s assessment. The economy is expected to stabilize after two difficult years, mainly driven by external developments. This steadier economic context provides an important opportunity for the country to enhance its competitiveness potential. Iran has to build on its solid macroeconomic positioning its large market size, and its fairly well educated population. Improvements to its institutional framework and measures to heighten the efficiency of its goods labor, and financial markets would benefit the country†s  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 38 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 competitiveness and provide an important boost to the country†s economic growth in the shorter as well as longer terms After dropping for several years in a row, Egypt moves down one place to 119th position in this edition This assessment points to a certain stabilization in the country following the recent elections. The fragile security situation is improving slightly, although tenacious political and policy instability are undermining the country†s competitiveness and its growth potential going forward. While regaining political stability and investor confidence needs to remain the priority as this Report goes to print, many of the underlying factors that will be decisive for the stability of the country and the cohesion of the society over the medium to longer term are economic in nature. Establishing confidence through a credible and far-reaching reform program is vital to Egypt†s future and to realizing the considerable potential of its large market size and proximity to key global markets. According to the GCI, three areas are of particular importance. First, the macroeconomic environment has deteriorated over recent years to reach 141st position mainly because of a widening fiscal deficit, rising public indebtedness, and persisting inflationary pressures. A credible fiscal consolidation plan, accompanied by structural reforms, will be needed in Egypt. This may prove difficult because of energy subsidies that account for a considerable share of public expenditure. Removing these subsidies may be difficult politically, but there is space for targeting subsidies better in a way that allows for fiscal consolidation while still protecting the most vulnerable Second, measures to intensify domestic competition 118th) would result in efficiency gains and contribute to energizing the economy by providing access to new entrants. This, in turn, would make the country†s private sector more dynamic, thus fostering the creation of new jobs. And third, making labor markets more flexible 130th) and efficient (139th) would allow the country to increase employment in the medium term and provide new entrants to the labor market with enhanced opportunities Sub-saharan africa Amid the economic turmoil that affected advanced economies in recent years, the sub-Saharan African region provided something of a silver lining in an otherwise broadly felt economic downturn. As growth is now modestly returning in advanced economies sub-Saharan economies carry on registering impressive growth rates of close to 5 percent in 2013†with rising projections for the next two years†below only emerging and developing Asia. Yet important downside risks remain: although inflation has been coming down from the high rates of the past two years thanks to prudent monetary policy and moderating food prices, rising fiscal deficits†which are exacerbated most in Zambia Ghana, and Gambia†and a slowdown in emerging markets could dampen growth prospects, particularly in resource-rich economies More importantly, more than a decade of consistent high growth has trickled not yet down to all segments of the population. Most economic activity takes place in the informal sector, accounting for more than half of GDP and employing more than 80 percent of the population; only one in two young Africans participates in wage-earning jobs. 25 Going forward, the main challenge will therefore be to turn high growth into inclusive growth, touching more of the population This will require focusing on efforts to transition from still largely agriculture-based economies to higher -value-added activities in order to move the workforce out of agriculture into more productive sectors. 26 The urgency of this transition is highlighted by the region†s high population growth. By 2020 more than half of the continent†s population will be below the age of 25.27 Against this backdrop, much remains to be done to lay the foundations for sustainable long-term growth requiring efforts across many areas. Indeed, more than half of the 20 lowest ranked countries in the GCI are sub-Saharan, and overall the region continues to underperform in many areas of the basic requirements of competitiveness: the infrastructure deficit remains profound, and despite gradual improvements in recent years, health and basic education remains low. Only a handful of sub-Saharan economies†the island states of Mauritius and Seychelles, in addition to Cape Verde†have noteworthy health and education systems. Higher education and training also need to be developed further to provide the skills required for higher-value-added growth. The region†s poor performance across all basic requirements for competitiveness stands in contrast to its comparatively stronger performance in market efficiency, where several of the region†s middle-income economies fare relatively well. Although large regional variations remain in terms of competitiveness†ranging from Mauritius, now a solid 17 places ahead of the second-ranked South africa, to the lowest ranked Guinea at 144th†efforts to strengthen the very basic requirements for long-term growth will be crucial for sustaining economic growth and making it more inclusive. These efforts will need to emphasize closing the infrastructure deficit and providing the region†s young) population with the necessary skills to carry out higher-value-added employment Mauritius continues its steady upward trend this year, moving up six positions to 39th place and consolidating its lead in the region. Progress is driven by gradual improvements across seven out of the 12 pillars Overall, the country benefits from relatively strong and transparent public institutions (36th), with clear property rights, strong judicial independence, and an efficient  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 39 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 government (26th. Private institutions are rated as highly accountable (14th), with effective auditing and accounting standards and strong investor protection (12th. The country†s transport infrastructure is developed well by regional standards (42nd), especially in terms of ports, air transport, and roads. In addition, the country this year also records improvements in its electricity and telephony infrastructure (44th. Furthermore, the country†s wide-ranging structural reforms that have taken place since 2006 are bearing fruit, as evidenced by its continuous improvements in the areas of market efficiency: financial markets are comparatively deep 26th), its efficient goods market (25th) is characterized by enabling conditions for both domestic and foreign competition, and its labor market efficiency (52nd) has been improving thanks to increased flexibility (18th Going forward, as income per capita rises and Mauritius moves up the value chain, more effort will be needed to develop its human capital. Although rising enrollment rates, particularly tertiary enrollment, are laudable (40.32 percent in 2012) and its overall score in the quality of education has been improving, other countries are moving even faster. Improving competitiveness will require additional efforts not only to improve higher education and training (54th) but also to mobilize the country†s talent more efficiently (101st), as evidenced by the low share of women in the labor force (115th South africa continues its downward trend and falls to 56th place this year, third among the BRICS economies. South africa does well on measures of the quality of its institutions (36th), including intellectual property protection (22nd), property rights (20th the efficiency of its legal framework in challenging and settling disputes (9th and 15th, respectively and its topnotch accountability of private institutions 2nd). ) Furthermore, South Africa†s financial market development remains impressive at 7th place, 28 although our data point to more difficulties in all channels of obtaining finance this year. The country also has an efficient market for goods and services (32nd), and it does reasonably well in more complex areas such as business sophistication (31st) and innovation (43rd benefitting from good scientific research institutions 34th) and strong collaboration between universities and the business sector in innovation (31st. South Africa†s transport infrastructure (32nd) is good by regional standards, although its electricity supply does suffer disruptions (99th. But the country†s strong ties to advanced economies, notably the euro area, has made it more vulnerable to the economic slowdown of those economies. These ties are likely to have contributed to the deterioration of fiscal indicators: its performance in the macroeconomic environment†having dropped sharply in the previous year†remains at 89th. Low scores for the diversion of public funds (96th), the perceived wastefulness of government spending (89th and a more general lack of public trust in politicians 90th) remain worrisome, and security (95th) continues to be a major area of concern for doing business. Building a skilled labor force and creating sufficient employment also present considerable challenges. The health of the workforce is ranked 132nd out of 144 economies†as a result of high rates of communicable diseases and poor health indicators more generally. Higher education and training remains insufficient (86th) and labor market efficiency (113th) is affected by extremely rigid hiring and firing practices (143rd), wage inflexibly (139th), and continuing significant tensions in labor-employer relations 144th). ) Raising education standards and making its labor market more efficient will thus be critical in view of the country†s high unemployment rate of over 20 percent, with its youth unemployment rate estimated at over 50 percent Botswana remains stable this year at 74th place the fourth spot in the region. Among the country†s strengths are its relatively reliable and transparent institutions (39th), with efficient government spending and low levels of corruption, as well as its sound macroeconomic environment (13th), based on balanced fiscal budgets. However, the country†s heavy reliance on diamond mining (which accounts for one-third of GDP and government revenues) renders it vulnerable to fluctuations in demand, as seen during the global crisis Botswana†s education system presents another area of concern, particularly for a middle-income country in transition to becoming an efficiency-driven economy Education enrollment rates at all levels remain low by international standards, and the quality of the education system receives mediocre marks. Yet it is clear that by far the biggest obstacle facing Botswana in its efforts to improve its competitiveness remains its health situation the country registers one of the highest rates of HIV and one of the lowest life expectancies in the world Furthermore, its goods market must become more efficient (97th) and its infrastructure must be upgraded 101st), as evidenced by the recent electricity shortages Going forward, combined efforts across all areas will be needed if the country is to reduce its heavy dependence on the mining sector and to set its economy on a more diversified growth path Namibia moves up by two places to 88th position The country continues to benefit from a relatively well functioning institutional environment (50th), with well -protected property rights, an independent judiciary, and a fairly efficient government. The country†s transport infrastructure is also good by regional standards 52nd) and financial markets continue to be reasonably developed (46th. In order to improve its competitiveness as in much of the region, Namibia must improve its health and education systems. The country ranks a low 118th on the health subpillar, with high infant mortality and low life expectancy†the result, in large part of its  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 40 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 high rates of communicable diseases, although the data point to an improvement this year. However, to move up the value chain and diversify its economy, efforts to build its human resource base will be critical: school enrollment rates remain low compared with other sub -Saharan upper-middle-income countries, and the quality of its education system remains poor (119th. In addition Namibia could do more to harness new technologies to improve its productivity levels (89th Kenya continues its upward trend from last year and moves up by six places to reach 90th place, registering improvements in 11 out of 12 pillars, most notably in the areas of market efficiency. Its economy is supported by financial markets that are developed well (up by seven places to 24th position), an efficient labor market (25th and an increasingly more efficient goods market (62nd Reducing the number of days (32 days) and procedures 10, or rank 118) to start a business could further improve the enabling environment for businesses. Following the adoption of the country†s new constitution in 2010, which introduced additional checks and balances on executive power, Kenya has registered also improvements in the institutions pillar (now at 78th, up from 123rd five years ago). ) These advances are driven largely by more efficient government and reduced corruption. Furthermore, the country†s education system gets relatively good marks for quality (30th) as well as for on-the-job training (31st On the other hand, Kenya†s overall competitiveness is held back by a number of factors that hinder its long-term economic growth, particularly in view of its transition toward middle-income status: secondary and tertiary enrollment rates are low; infrastructure†particularly telephony and electricity (114th) †does not meet the needs of Kenya as the largest East African economy; weakening fiscal finances are affecting the macroeconomic environment (126th; and health remains an area of serious concern (117th. Finally, the security situation in Kenya also remains worrisome (128th Ghana reverses last year†s downward trend and climbs up to 111th this year, largely as the result of slight improvements in its macroeconomic indicators (reversing last year†s trend), although fiscal vulnerabilities persist the government deficit stood at 10.8 percent of GDP in 2013, more than twice that of two years ago; government debt remains over 60 percent; and inflation is over 11 percent. With regard to strengths, public institutions are characterized by relatively high government efficiency 59th) and strong property rights (54th. In addition, the country†s financial and goods markets are also relatively well developed (62nd and 67th, respectively. On the other hand, Ghana must do much more to develop and deploy talent in the country. Education levels continue to trail international standards at all levels, labor markets are characterized by inefficiencies, and the country is not sufficiently harnessing new technologies for productivity enhancements (ICT adoption rates continue to be very low). ) The security situation, at 111th, also remains a concern Senegal comes in at 112th this year. Although the country†s institutions (74th) rank still relatively low, our data suggest a steady improvement across a range of indicators, albeit from low levels. Senegal also benefits from relatively efficient goods and labor markets (both at 68th place), red tape to start a business is low even by international comparison (six days and four procedures and labor-employer relations are reasonably good 57th). ) Moreover, Senegal hosts relatively good ports 58th), although all other modes of transport require significant upgrading (93rd overall. The country†s competitiveness is pulled further down by the poor health and basic education of its population (131st Indeed, only three out of four children receive primary education, which is low compared with its middle -income peers, and communicable diseases continue to erode the health of the general population. Higher education and training (119th) are need also in of improvement. These challenges†among others†are prioritized in the country†s new growth strategy, the Plan Sà nã gal Emergent (PSE. 29 In addition, the country†s macroeconomic environment remains challenging and is characterized by a high government deficit of 5. 4 percent of GDP CÃ'te d†Ivoire reverses its five-year downward trend and climbs to 115th place this year. The quality of its public institutions (86th) has continued to improve since the end of the 2010†11 post-election conflict although from very low levels and in spite of being dragged down largely by the country†s security situation 107th). ) Improvements this year also take place on the back of continuing fiscal consolidation and efforts to reduce red tape for the private sector; for example, it now takes eight days to start a business compared with over a month last year. Like many of its sub-Saharan peers, the country has a labor market that is fairly efficient (73rd), a ranking that is primarily driven by its high flexibility (40th. Going forward, however, critical challenges remain. Infrastructure (93rd) †although improving†remains underdeveloped. Moreover, CÃ'te d†Ivoire does not meet basic needs in terms of health and primary education (140th), ranking among the lowest 10 countries worldwide on the related pillar. Only 60 percent of its children are enrolled in primary education and the burden of communicable diseases†particularly the high incidence of malaria and HIV€ weighs heavily on its limited workforce, which also does not fully integrate women (107th. Furthermore, technological adoption is low across private users and the business sector, with only 3 percent of the population using the Internet Ethiopia moves up to 118th this year, facing challenges across all pillars despite its recent record growth rates. The functioning of its institutions (96th receives a weaker assessment across almost all  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 41 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 indicators, including property rights, ethics and corruption, and government efficiency. Furthermore the country†s goods market (124th) remains inefficient Ethiopia also requires significant improvements in the areas of infrastructure (125th), higher education and training (131st), and technological readiness (133rd On a more positive note, this year points to a slight improvement in the country†s labor market, although concerns about the quality of labor-employer relations 97th), hiring and firing practices (78th), and the alignment between pay and productivity (99th) remain. Primary education, with a net enrollment rate of 86 percent, is comparatively good (although the quality of primary education requires improvement), and women account for a high percentage of the country†s labor force Tanzania is ranked 121st in this edition. Inflation†although still high at close to 8 percent†returned to single digits this year, although fiscal indicators remain relatively high. In addition, some aspects of its labor market†such as the country†s strong female participation in the labor force (6th) and reasonable redundancy costs†lend themselves to efficiency. On the other hand, the country†s institutions have been deteriorating over the last several years†although government regulation is seen not as overly burdensome 61st), corruption remains high (98th) and policymaking continues to be opaque (111th. Infrastructure in Tanzania is underdeveloped (130th), with poor roads and ports and an unreliable electricity supply (125th. And although primary education enrollment is commendably high providing universal access, enrollment rates at the secondary and university levels are among the lowest in the world (at 132nd and 134th place, respectively), while the quality of the education system needs upgrading A related area of concern is the country†s low level of technological readiness (131st), with low uptake of ICTS such as the Internet and mobile telephony. The basic health of its workforce is also a serious concern: the country is ranked 119th in this area, with poor health indicators and high levels of communicable diseases. In regional comparison, the country†s goods market also remains inefficient, characterized by low domestic and foreign competition. In the near-term future, it will be important not to lose sight of these challenges for the country†s long-term competitiveness, as the country is in the final stages of preparing its new constitution as well as holding elections next year Zimbabwe ranks 124th this year. Public institutions continue to receive a weak assessment, particularly related to corruption, government favoritism, and the protection of property rights (138th), reducing the incentive for businesses to invest. Despite efforts to improve its macroeconomic environment†including the dollarization of its economy in early 2009, which brought down inflation and interest rates†Zimbabwe still receives a low rank in this pillar (87th), which is characterized by high government debt, a negative savings rate, and low inflation. Weaknesses in other areas include health (129th in the health subpillar; low education enrollment rates with only every second child participating in secondary education; and formal markets that continue to function with difficulty, particularly goods and labor markets which rank 133rd and 137th, respectively Nigeria†now Africa†s largest economy†continues its downward trend and falls by seven places to 127th this year, largely on the back of weakened public finances as a result of lower oil exports. Institutions remain weak (129th) with insufficiently protected property rights, high corruption, and undue influence. In addition the security situation remains dire (139th. Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure (134th as well as improve its health and primary education 143rd). ) Furthermore, the country is not harnessing the latest technologies for productivity enhancements, as demonstrated by its low rates of ICT penetration. On the upside, Nigeria benefits from its relatively large market size (33rd), which bears the potential for significant economies of scale; a relatively efficient labor market 40th) driven by its flexibility (20th; and a solid financial market (67th) following its gradual recovery from the 2009 crisis. However, poor availability and affordability of finance in general and the difficulties in obtaining loans in particular (137th) remain an important bottleneck to economic growth. Ahead of the 2015 election cycle it will, thus, be critical to keep the ongoing reform momentum to diversify the economy and increase the country†s long-term competitiveness Mozambique ranks 133rd this year, with efforts required across many areas to lift its economy onto a sustainable growth and development path, particularly in view of its natural resource potential. The country†s public institutions receive poor marks on the basis of low public trust in politicians, significant red tape faced by companies in their business dealings, and the perceived wastefulness of government spending. Macroeconomic stability is weak (110th) on the back of increased inflation and a high government deficit. Looking ahead, significant reform will be needed to advance the country†s long-term competitiveness, including making critical investments across all modes of infrastructure (128th establishing a regulatory framework that encourages competition to foster economic diversification, and developing a sound financial market (126th. Also critical in view of the country†s rapidly growing population and high unemployment, are investing in the healthcare system and primary education (135th) as well as higher education and training (138th Angola†the continent†s second biggest oil exporter†ranks 140th overall. As with its oil-exporting peers, its strengths are in its macroeconomic environment and market size, but much remains to be done across the board to build up the country†s  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 42 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 competitiveness. Given its favorable fiscal stance Angola has a unique opportunity to invest revenues in competiveness-enhancing measures. In this context its poor performance across all governance indicators is worrisome: both public and private institutions are characterized by widespread corruption, and inefficient government spending casts doubt on the country†s ability to spend resource receipts in the most important areas. Furthermore, Angola†s infrastructure is one of the least developed globally (139th), and its population would be well served by improvements in its education and health systems (136th CONCLUSIONS This chapter has presented and analyzed the results of the Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015, a tool that assesses the competitiveness of 144 economies across all geographies and stages of development. The GCI aims at capturing the complexity of the phenomenon of national competitiveness, which can be improved only through an array of efforts in different areas that affect the long-term productivity of a country, which is the key driver of economic growth In the current economic context of uneven recovery across advanced economies and renewed risks for emerging economies, the current edition of the Report has highlighted the need for more structural reforms and enhanced smart investments in both advanced and emerging economies in order to accelerate robust economic growth, create productive jobs, and boost inclusive growth with more and better opportunities for all segments of the population. At present, the pace of change remains uneven, and more determination and shared commitment among all stakeholders is urgently needed in order to build strategic public-private collaborations. Building this type of collaboration, as the ongoing World Economic Forum†s project on the Competitiveness Lab and the Competitiveness Practices Raising productivity and competitiveness is crucial to sustaining economic growth and enhancing prosperity in a country. The process requires long-lasting commitment from relevant stakeholders to mobilize resources and provide the effort that can lead to the necessary reforms and productive investments across a vast array of areas However, stakeholders†actions†most notably those originating from the public and private sectors†are not always well coordinated and aligned, so that synergies are often not fully realized and the results of the combined efforts are maximized not. Governments frequently develop policies in areas that are important for competitiveness, such as administrative reform, education, and basic research yet they do so without considering the specific needs of companies. The impact of these policies is reduced thus At the same time, the business community does not always sufficiently engage in long-term and often risky investments in areas such as research and development, information and communication technologies, or employees†skills development strategies. If businesses could be engaged in this way, the positive spill over effects of their investments could result in higher societal gains Fortunately, stakeholders are increasingly acknowledging the need to address this disconnect between public-and private-sector actions. The last few years have seen a growing recognition of the vital importance of supporting the definition and implementation of strategic public-private collaborations that go beyond the individual policies and strategies of governments and businesses Public-private collaborations have been common in areas such as infrastructure development because the potential gains that these specific governance structures could bring are significant for both the public and private sectors in terms of both the speed and scope of implementing projects and the particular strengths that each party can bring to bear. The private sector can contribute its management expertise and resources, and the public sector can contribute its understanding of public needs and resources. Besides the traditional public-private partnerships found in infrastructure, public-private collaborations are becoming more common in initiatives related to other drivers of competitiveness, such as in innovation and education In addition to speed, potentially better management, and shared resource commitments, these partnerships allow for a better alignment of government-led measures with the needs of private companies. The development of the European Innovation Partnerships, the European Technology Platforms the Advanced Manufacturing Program in the United states and the Leading Technology Institutes in The netherlands are just a few examples of ongoing public-private collaborations in the field of innovation Against this backdrop, the World Economic Forum has embarked on an ambitious project to document, analyze and disseminate some of the most promising examples of effective and efficient public-private collaboration in competitiveness-related areas. From this analysis, a number of key lessons are starting to emerge with regard to the main barriers and success factors that need to be taken into account when designing and implementing these collaborative approaches. More precisely, in order to broker effective collaborations, stakeholders must be able to count on clear targets and evaluation frameworks, the parties must share objectives and build strong and capable institutions to design and implement the projects, and enabling regulatory environments must be in place However, and perhaps even more importantly, strong leadership in both the public and private sectors is essential Clear vision and effective communication is needed to overcome the main obstacle: lack of trust between the parties. Establishing mechanisms and dialogue fora that support a better understanding and can generate enhanced trust between the parties is thus crucial Box 4: Building strategic public-private collaborations to boost competitiveness  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 43 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Collection shows, 30 can yield significant results if properly designed and implemented. See Boxâ 4 for more detail Since its introduction in 2005, the GCI has been used by a growing number of countries and institutions to benchmark national competitiveness. The clear and intuitive structure of the GCI framework is useful for prioritizing policy reforms because it allows each country to identify strengths and weaknesses of its national competitiveness environment and pinpoint those factors most constraining its economic development. More specifically, the GCI provides a platform for dialogue among government, business, and civil society that can serve as a catalyst for productivity-enhancing actions Over the years, the GCI has proved to be a very useful tool for advancing competitiveness across countries and for brokering strategic public-private collaborations aimed at boosting national competitiveness NOTES 1 The Global Competitiveness Index is based on the result of the work of Sala-i-Martã n and Artadi 2004 2 Schumpeter 1942; Solow 1956; and Swan 1956 3 See, for example, Sala-i-Martã n et al. 2004 for an extensive list of potential robust determinants of economic growth 4 See Easterly and Levine 1997; Acemoglu et al. 2001,2002; Rodrik et al. 2002; and Sala-i-Martã n and Subramanian 2003 5 See de Soto 2000 6 See de Soto and Abbot 1990 7 See Shleifer and Vishny 1997; Zingales 1998 8 See Kaufmann and Vishwanath 2001 9 See Aschauer 1989; Canning et al. 1994; Gramlich 1994; and Easterly 2002 10 See Fischer 1993 11 See Sachs 2001 12 See Schultz 1961; Lucas 1988; Becker 1993; and Kremer 1993 13 See Almeida and Carneiro 2009; Amin 2009; and Kaplan 2009 for country studies demonstrating the importance of flexible labor markets for higher employment rates and, therefore, economic performance 14 See Aghion and Howitt 1992 and Barro and Sala-i-Martã n 2003 for a technical exposition of technology-based growth theories 15 A general purpose technology (GPT), according to Trajtenberg 2005), is one that, in any given period, gives a particular contribution to an overall economy†s growth thanks to its ability to transform the methods of production in a wide array of industries Examples of GPTS have been the invention of the steam engine and the electric dynamo 16 See Sachs and Warner 1995; Frenkel and Romer 1999; Rodrik and Rodriguez 1999; Alesina et al. 2005; and Feyrer 2009. The case of the European union illustrates the importance of the market size for competitiveness. Although the reduction of trade barriers and the harmonization of standards within the European Union have contributed to raising exports within the region, many barriers to a true single market, in particular in services, remain in place and lead to important border effects. Therefore we continue to use the size of the national domestic and foreign market in the Index 17 This is particularly important in a world in which economic borders are not as clearly delineated as political ones. In other words, when Belgium sells goods to The netherlands, the national accounts register the transaction as an export (so The netherlands is a foreign market for Belgium), but when California sells the same kind of output to Nevada, the national accounts register the transaction as domestic (so Nevada is a domestic market for California 18 See Romer 1990; Grossman and Helpman 1991; and Aghion and Howitt 1992 19 Probably the most famous theory of stages of development was developed by the American historian W. W. Rostow in the 1960s see Rostow 1960. Here we adapt Michael Porter†s theory of stages (see Porter 1990. Please see Chapter 1. 1 of The Global Competitiveness Report 2007†2008 (Sala-i-Martã n et al. 2007) for a complete description of how we have adapted Michael Porter†s theory for the present application 20 Some restrictions were imposed on the coefficients estimated. For example, the three coefficients for each stage had to add up to one, and all the weights had to be nonnegative 21 In order to capture the resource intensity of the economy, we use as a proxy the exports of mineral products as a share of overall exports according to the sector classification developed by the International Trade Centre in their Trade Performance Index. In addition to crude oil and gas, this category also contains all metal ores and other minerals as well as petroleum products, liquefied gas, coal, and precious stones. The data used cover the years 2009 through 2013. Further information on these data can be found at http://legacy. intracen. org/appli1/Tradecom/Documents /Tradecompmap-Trade%20performance%20index-Technical%20 Notes-EN. pdf All countries that with more than 70 percent of their exports made up of mineral products are considered to be to some extent factor driven. The stage of development for these countries is adjusted downward smoothly depending on the exact primary export share. The higher the minerals export share, the stronger the adjustment and the closer the country will move to stage 1 For example, a country that exports 95 percent of mineral exports and that, based on the income criteria, would be in stage 3 will be in transition between stages 1 and 2. The income and primary exports criteria are weighted identically. Stages of development are dictated solely by income for countries that export less than 70 percent minerals. Countries that export only primary products would automatically fall into the factor-driven stage (stage 1 22 In practice, this applies to countries where the GDP per capita at current market prices has, for the past five years, been above an average of that of economies at the technology frontier. Countries at the technology frontier are the 10 countries with the highest per capita patenting activity according to Patent Cooperation Treaty data 23 We have retained the geographical classifications used in past editions of the Report while changing the groupings in the country /economy profiles. The groupings in the profiles are based on IMF data, and use the IMF classifications 24 IMF 2014a 25 World bank 2014 26 Overall, the agricultural sector in GDP remains high at 25 %accounting for more than 60%of employment on average and for more than 80%in many countries. See Afdb, OECD, and UNDP 2014 27 IMF 2014b 28 The Central Bank†s bailout of African Bank Investments on August 11,2014, is reflected not in the EOS data this year, but might affect the country†s performance in this pillar in the following year 29 See http://www. gouv. sn/Plan-Senegal-Emergent-PSE. html 30 The Competitiveness Lab and Competitiveness Practice Repository is a new initiative of the World Economic Forum to orchestrate an informed multi-stakeholder process for better understanding and shaping the competitiveness agenda of a country or region  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 44 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 REFERENCES Acemoglu, D.,S. Johnson, and J. 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New york Macmillan  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 46 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Appendix A Statistically testing the validity of the Global Competitiveness Index as an estimate of the level of productivity of an economy For almost 10 years, the Global Competitiveness Index GCI) has been used by the World Economic Forum to assess the level of productivity of an economy, which determines its long-term growth potential. This appendix presents the results of an empirical analysis that supports the validity of the GCI as a sound estimate of the level of productivity It must be said from the start that measuring the level of productivity of an economy is a difficult task. The seminal work of Solow (1957) provided a methodology to estimate the growth rate of productivity, known as â€oetotal factor productivity (TFP) †or â€oesolow residual†in the academic literature. This estimate of productivity growth is calculated traditionally as the difference between the actual growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) and the part of that growth rate that could not be accounted for by the accumulation of physical capital and human capital. This methodology, however, cannot be used to estimate the actual level of productivity, which is the aim of the GCI Despite this difficulty, Hall and Jones (1996) have shown that around 89 percent of the variation in GDP per capita is due to variation in the level of productivity As a result, GDP per capita can be used as a proxy for the level of productivity of a country. Figureâ 1 illustrates the strong and positive relationship between GDP per capita and the GCI. The bivariate model, in which we regress the log of the level of GDP per capita on the GCI score, reveals that about two-thirds of the variation in GDP per capita can be explained by the GCI 0 3 4 5 6 0 1, 000 10,000 100,000 Figure 1: Relationship between the GCI and level of income for 143 economies Source: World Economic Forum; IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2014 GD P pe r c ap ita P PP $ 20 13 l og s ca le GCI 2014†2015 score (1†7  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 47 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Another way to check the relation between the GCI and the level of productivity of a country is to look at the relation between the GCI and the growth rate of that country. Indeed, most economic growth theories predict that the growth rate will be directly related to the level of productivity, which, in turn, determines the rate of return of investment in an economy. As a result, most theories would predict the GCI to be positively related to an economy†s growth rate However, estimating a bivariate relation between the growth rate and the GCI would be a mistake. The reason for that lies in what economists call the â€oeconditional convergence effect, †which posits that, all other things being equal, there is a natural tendency for poor economies to grow faster†a phenomenon known as conditional convergence. 1 In other words, if all countries had the same investment and population growth rates and the same levels of productivity, then we should observe poor countries growing faster than rich ones Conversely, if all countries had the same level of income then those that were more competitive would experience higher rates of long-term economic growth. In reality however, countries differ both in their levels of income and their levels of productivity, and therefore it is very hard to predict the relationship between the growth rate and the level of productivity with a bivariate correlation analysis that includes the initial level of income As an alternative, we can calculate the correlation between the GCI and GDP growth (once the conditional convergence effects have been discounted. In order to do need that, we to estimate net-of-convergence growth rates; these rates would be affected more closely only by the level of productivity across different economies If these net-of-convergence growth rates are positively related to the GCI, it will indicate that the GCI is a good estimate of the determinants of productivity Formally, in a growth convergence equation, 2 the growth rate of GDP per capita of country i is a positive function of the GCI score and a negative function of GDP per capita at time t, yit ï¿yi ï¿ï¿0 ï¿ï¿1 ï¿ln (GCII) †ï¿ï¿ln (yit) ï¿ï¿i (1 Using World bank GDP purchasing power parity -adjusted data, one can estimate Equation (1) for the 1990†2012 period. The coefficient of the natural log of GCI is 0. 067 with a t-statistic of 5. 23, and the coefficient of the log of the initial (i e.,, 1990) level of income is †0. 010 with a t-stat of †5. 82. We can net out the convergence effect from the overall growth rate and relate the result to the level of the GCI. 3 Figureâ 2 plots this â€oenet growth rate†against the natural log of the GCI score, revealing a positive and strong correlation, which is consistent with the view that the GCI is a good proxy for the level of productivity or competitiveness of an economy In conclusion, the results of both Figures 1 and 2 indicate that the GCI is a good estimate of the level of productivity. In other words, the GCI€ s estimate of the determinants of competitiveness†which, in turn fundamentally shape the (conditional) medium to long-run growth rate of an economy and its level of prosperity†is validated on a statistical level 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 0 10 15 20 Figure 2: Relationship between the GCI and growth (net of convergence effect An nu al n et g ro w th 1 99 0†20 12 p er ce nt ln (GCI 2014†2015 score Source: World Economic Forum and World bank, World Development Indicators (accessed August 18, 2014 Note: See text for details. N=132 economies  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 48 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 NOTES 1 The reason that poor economies do not grow systematically faster is that â€oeother things are not equal. †Among those other things that are not equal, we find the level of productivity or competitiveness as defined by the World Economic Forum 2 A growth convergence equation can be derived, for example, from the basic neoclassical growth theory as seen in Barro and Sala-i -Martã n (2004 3 This is done by adding the term ï¿Ã ln (yit) from both sides of Equation (1) and using the ï¿estimated in Equation (1). GDP per capita in constant 2011 international dollars were used for the computation REFERENCES Barro, R. and X. Sala-i-Martã n. 2004. Economic growth, 2nd edition Cambridge: MIT Press Hall, R. and C. Jones. 1999. â€oewhy Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others? †The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 (1: 83†116 IMF (International monetary fund. 2014. World Economic Outlook Database, April. Available at http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft /weo/2014/01/weodata/index. aspx Solow, R. 1957. â€oetechnical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. †Review of Economics and Statistics 39 (3: 312†20 World bank. 2014. World Development Indicators 2014 database Available at http://data. worldbank. org/products/wdi  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 49 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 Appendix B Computation and structure of the Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 This appendix presents the structure of the Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 (GCI. The numbering of the indicator matches the numbering of the data tables. The number preceding the period indicates to which pillar the indicator belongs (e g.,, indicator 1. 11 belongs to the 1st pillar and indicator 9. 04 belongs to the 9th pillar The computation of the GCI is based on successive aggregations of scores from the indicator level (i e the most disaggregated level) all the way up to the overall GCI score. Unless noted otherwise, we use an arithmetic mean to aggregate individual indicators within a category. a For the higher aggregation levels, we use the percentage shown next to each category. This percentage represents the category†s weight within its immediate parent category. Reported percentages are rounded to the nearest integer, but exact figures are used in the calculation of the GCI. For example, the score a country achieves in the 11th pillar accounts for 50 percent of this country†s score in the innovation and sophistication factors subindex, irrespective of the country†s stage of development. Similarly, the score achieved on the transport infrastructure subpillar accounts for 50 percent of the score of the infrastructure pillar Unlike the case for the lower levels of aggregation the weight put on each of the three subindexes (basic requirements, efficiency enhancers, and innovation and sophistication factors) is fixed not. Instead, it depends on each country†s stage of development, as discussed in the chapter. b For instance, in the case of Burundi†a country in the first stage of development†the score in the basic requirements subindex accounts for 60 percent of its overall GCI score, while it represents just 20 percent of the overall GCI score of Sweden, a country in the third stage of development. For countries in transition between stages, the weighting applied to each subindex is reported in the corresponding profile at the end of this volume. For instance, in the case of Azerbaijan, currently in transition from stage 1 to stage 2, the weight on each subindex is 56.3 percent, 37.8 percent, and 5. 9 percent, respectively, as reported in the country profile on page 118 Indicators that are derived not from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) are identified by an asterisk *in the following pages. The Technical Notes and Sources section at the end of the Report provides detailed information about each of these indicators To make the aggregation possible, the indicators are converted to a 1-to-7 scale in order to align them with the Survey results. We apply a min-max transformation which preserves the order of, and the relative distance between, country scores. c Indicators that are followed by the designation â€oe1/2†enter the GCI in two different pillars. In order to avoid double counting, we assign a half-weight to each instance. d Weight(%)within immediate parent category BASIC REQUIREMENTS...20†60%b 1st pillar: Institutions...25 %A. Public institutions...75 %1. Property rights...20 %1. 01 Property rights 1. 02 Intellectual property protection 1/2 2. Ethics and corruption...20 %1. 03 Diversion of public funds 1. 04 Public trust in politicians 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes 3. Undue influence...20 %1. 06 Judicial independence 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials 4. Government efficiency...20 %1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending 1. 09 Burden of government regulation 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking 5. Security...20 %1. 13 Business costs of terrorism 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence 1. 15 Organized crime 1. 16 Reliability of police services B. Private institutions...25 %1. Corporate ethics...50 %1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms 2. Accountability...50 %1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests 1. 21 Strength of investor protection * 2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 50 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 2nd pillar: Infrastructure...25 %A. Transport infrastructure...50 %2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure 2. 02 Quality of roads 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure e 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure 2. 06 Available airline seat kilometers *B. Electricity and telephony infrastructure...50 %2. 07 Quality of electricity supply 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions*1/2 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines*1/2 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment...25 %3. 01 Government budget balance *3. 02 Gross national savings *3. 03 Inflation*f 3. 04 Government debt *3. 05 Country credit rating *4th pillar: Health and primary education...25 %A. Health...50 %4. 01 Business impact of malaria g 4. 02 Malaria incidence*g 4. 03 Business impact of tuberculosis g 4. 04 Tuberculosis incidence*g 4. 05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS g 4. 06 HIV prevalence*g 4. 07 Infant mortality *4. 08 Life expectancy *B. Primary education...50 %4. 09 Quality of primary education 4. 10 Primary education enrollment rate *EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS...35†50%b 5th pillar: Higher education and training...17 %A. Quantity of education...33 %5. 01 Secondary education enrollment rate *5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment rate *B. Quality of education...33 %5. 03 Quality of the education system 5. 04 Quality of math and science education 5. 05 Quality of management schools 5. 06 Internet access in schools C. On-the-job training...33 %5. 07 Local availability of specialized research and training services 5. 08 Extent of staff training 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency...17 %A. Competition...67 %1. Domestic competition...variable h 6. 01 Intensity of local competition 6. 02 Extent of market dominance 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest 6. 05 Total tax rate *6. 06 Number of procedures required to start a business*i 6. 07 Time required to start a business*i 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs 2. Foreign competition...variable h 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers 6. 10 Trade tariffs *6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*j B. Quality of demand conditions...33 %6. 15 Degree of customer orientation 6. 16 Buyer sophistication 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency...17 %A. Flexibility...50 %7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices 7. 04 Redundancy costs *7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work B. Efficient use of talent...50 %7. 06 Pay and productivity 7. 07 Reliance on professional management 1/2 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent 7. 10 Female participation in labor force *8th pillar: Financial market development...17 %A. Efficiency...50 %8. 01 Availability of financial services 8. 02 Affordability of financial services 8. 03 Financing through local equity market 8. 04 Ease of access to loans 8. 05 Venture capital availability B. Trustworthiness and confidence...50 %8. 06 Soundness of banks 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges 8. 08 Legal rights index *9th pillar: Technological readiness...17 %A. Technological adoption...50 %9. 01 Availability of latest technologies 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer B. ICT use...50 %9. 04 Internet users *9. 05 Broadband Internet subscriptions *9. 06 Internet bandwidth *9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions *2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions*1/2 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines*1/2 10th pillar: Market size...17 %A. Domestic market size...75 %10.01 Domestic market size index*k B. Foreign market size...25 %10.02 Foreign market size index*l  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 51 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015 INNOVATION AND SOPHISTICATION FACTORS...5†30%b 11th pillar: Business sophistication...50 %11.01 Local supplier quantity 11.02 Local supplier quality 11.03 State of cluster development 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage 11.05 Value chain breadth 11.06 Control of international distribution 11.07 Production process sophistication 11.08 Extent of marketing 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority 7. 07 Reliance on professional management 1/2 12th pillar: R&d Innovation...50 %12.01 Capacity for innovation 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions 12.03 Company spending on R&d 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d 12.05 Government procurement of advanced technology products 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers 12.07 PCT patent applications *1. 02 Intellectual property protection 1/2 NOTES a Formally, for a category i composed of K indicators, we have categoryi K ï =1 indicatork K ï As described in the chapter, the weights are specified as below Refer to Tableâ 2 of the chapter for country classification according to stage of development Stage of development Factor-driven stage (1 Transition from stage 1 to stage 2 Efficiency -driven stage (2 Transition from stage 2 to stage 3 Innovation -driven stage (3 GDP per capita (US$) thresholds *<2, 000 2, 000†2, 999 3, 000†8, 999 9, 000†17,000>17,000 Weight for basic requirements 60%40†60%40%20†40%20 %Weight for efficiency enhancers 35%35†50%50%50%50 %Weight for innovation and sophistication factors 5%5†10%10%10†30%30 %*For economies with a high dependency on mineral resources, GDP per capita is not the sole criterion for the determination of the stage of development. See text for details c Formally, we have 6 x country score †sample minimum +1 (sample maximum †sample minimum The sample minimum and sample maximum are, respectively, the lowest and highest country scores in the sample of economies covered by the GCI. In some instances, adjustments were made to account for extreme outliers. For those indicators for which a higher value indicates a worse outcome (e g.,, disease incidence government debt), the transformation formula takes the following form, thus ensuring that 1 and 7 still corresponds to the worst and best possible outcomes, respectively †6 x country score †sample minimum +7 sample maximum †sample minimum d For those categories that contain one or several half-weight variables, country scores are computed as follows sum of scores on full-weight variables) ï¿ï¿( (sum of scores on half-weight variables count of full-weight variables) ï¿ï¿( (count of half-weight variables e â€oen/Appl. †is used for economies where there is no regular train service or where the network covers only a negligible portion of the territory. Assessment of the existence of a network was conducted by the World Economic Forum based on various sources f In order to capture the idea that both high inflation and deflation are detrimental, inflation enters the model in a U-shaped manner as follows: for values of inflation between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this range, scores decrease linearly as they move away from these values g The impact of malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS on competitiveness depends not only on their respective incidence rates but also on how costly they are for business. Therefore in order to estimate the impact of each of the three diseases we combine its incidence rate with the Survey question on its perceived cost to businesses. To combine these data we first take the ratio of each country†s disease incidence rate relative to the highest incidence rate in the whole sample. The inverse of this ratio is multiplied then by each country†s score on the related Survey question. This product is normalized then to a 1-to-7 scale. Note that countries with zero reported incidence receive a 7, regardless of their scores on the related Survey question In the case of malaria, countries receive a 7 if the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified them as malaria-free countries or included them in the supplementary list of areas where malaria has existed never or has disappeared without specific measures h The competition subpillar is weighted the average of two components: domestic competition and foreign competition. In both components, the included indicators provide an indication of the extent to which competition is distorted. The relative importance of these distortions depends on the relative size of domestic versus foreign competition. This interaction between the domestic market and the foreign market is captured by the way we determine the weights of the two components Domestic competition is the sum of consumption (C), investment I), government spending (G), and exports (X), while foreign competition is equal to imports (M) . Thus we assign a weight of C i+G+X)/(C i+G+X+M) to domestic competition and a weight of M c i+G+X+M) to foreign competition i Indicators 6. 06 and 6. 07 combine to form one single indicator j For indicators 6. 14, imports as a percentage of GDP, we first apply a log-transformation and then a min-max transformation k The size of the domestic market is constructed by taking the natural log of the sum of the gross domestic product valued at purchased power parity (PPP) plus the total value (PPP estimates) of imports of goods and services, minus the total value (PPP estimates) of exports of goods and services. Data are normalized then on a 1-to-7 scale. PPP estimates of imports and exports are obtained by taking the product of exports as a percentage of GDP and GDP valued at PPP. The underlying data are reported in the data tables section (see Tables 10.03,6. 14, and 10.04 l The size of the foreign market is estimated as the natural log of the total value (PPP estimates) of exports of goods and services normalized on a 1-to-7 scale. PPP estimates of exports are obtained by taking the product of exports as a percentage of GDP and GDP valued at PPP. The underlying data are reported in the data tables  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 53 CHAPTER 1. 2 Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness GEMMA CORRIGAN ROBERTO CROTTI MARGARETA DRZENIEK HANOUZ CECILIA SERIN World Economic Forum One of the key developments in the policy space over the past decade has been the advancement of concepts related to environmental sustainability and more recently inclusive growth. Such conceptual schemes comprise social, economic, and environmental components of sustainability, and they provide an intellectual basis for societies around the world to coalesce around the principles of sustained and universal levels of prosperity The emergence and widespread acceptance of the principle of social inclusion in the public domain has both a cultural origin and an economic one. Its cultural origin can be traced back as far as the 17th-century idea of egalitarianism, an idea that became embedded in cultural norms and then evolved into a widely held value system in international politics that provided a common rhetoric about human development. In the aftermath of WORLD WAR II, this concept was translated into the universal declaration of human rights. 1 Its economic origin is rooted in the unprecedented economic development of Western economies since the mid-20th century. During this period, high standards of living were achieved by large swaths of the populations of these economies, with the expectation that these standards would remain high and expand globally over time In a similar fashion, the concept of environmental sustainability has evolved from two ideas: ecologism†the idea that the nonhuman world is worthy of moral consideration2†and environmentalism, a broad-based movement concerned with protecting the environment and in particular with the effects of environmental damage on the health and well-being of both humans and the environment Over the past decades, these ideas have become prominent in the global discourse and have helped to create a public expectation of growing prosperity that goes hand in hand with social justice and environmental protection. Yet the possibility of achieving this vision within the boundaries of the prevalent growth model has been called into question as increasing pressures on the environment have become evident, and as concerns voiced over the distribution of the benefits of economic development have grown more forceful. The mounting social and environmental pressures observed in rapidly growing developing and emerging economies suggest that these dimensions are intertwined strongly and therefore should be addressed as part of the economic development process. And because environmental and social sustainability are simultaneously inputs and outcomes of the growth process, they should not be considered in isolation, but rather as integral parts of the economic growth process Despite increased awareness about the urgency of social and environmental issues, progress toward a more sustainable future is slow. On the environmental sustainability side, although concrete improvements have been achieved in many countries on specific issues such  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 54 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 as the regulation of hazardous substances, 3 progress on broader issues has been patchy. Pollution and biodiversity loss are of growing concern, while climate change and its unpredictable consequences remain substantially unaddressed. The world is also facing an increasing scarcity of water, energy, and mineral resources, for which demand continues to climb. These developments signal that†despite growing awareness about the risks related to unsustainable resource and environmental management†the world is not moving toward a more sustainable path and concrete results are yet to be achieved On the social sustainability side, there appears to be a trend toward more polarized societies. Although part of this trend can be traced back to the slowdown following the financial crisis, research also finds a structural decline in the share of GDP accruing to labor, mainly driven by skill-biased technological change related to globalization. 4 There is a concern that this trend may result in a high concentration of wealth similar to that experienced by Western economies in the earlier stages of industrialization. According to Thomas Piketty†s recent analysis, 5 the widespread gains in prosperity to which Western societies have become accustomed and that emerging economies aim to achieve were realized only in the first decades following WORLD WAR II. 6 The recent interest in social inclusion and socioeconomic inequality is linked, in large part, to its potentially socially destabilizing effect. Research shows that more polarized societies may undermine trust in democratic and market institutions, leading to greater political instability. 7 Taken together, the limited progress in addressing environmental and social concerns could undermine the prospects for worldwide shared prosperity. In the absence of economic growth, any effort toward a more equal distribution of income would do little good for the millions of people in developing countries who remain at low levels of income and human development Therefore, while enhancing competitiveness remains a fundamental prerequisite to raising prosperity, it should be accompanied by transformations that adapt to the new technological, geopolitical, and ecological reality to ensure that progress translates into higher human development for all. At the same time, sustainable competitiveness should be at the heart of the thinking about sustainability because competitive economies tend to be more innovative, more resilient, and better able to respond to external shocks and thus maintain high levels of prosperity going forward Attaining higher levels of sustainability requires that governments, businesses, and civil society work together to address the emerging challenges. Progress on these challenges requires high levels of multi-stakeholder collaboration†for example, on environmental regulation where a balance with productivity needs to be ensured and on social inclusion, which can be achieved only if businesses contribute to human capital development Such collaboration is needed to achieve more pragmatic Box 1: The Advisory board on Sustainable Competitiveness The Advisory board on Sustainable Competitiveness has been assisting the World Economic Forum to integrate the concept of sustainability more fully into its competitiveness work since the beginning of the Sustainable Competitiveness project. Members are drawn from the network of Global Agenda Councils, the World Economic Forum†s knowledge backbone. They represent voices from key business sectors government, and civil society. The members of the Advisory Board are James cameron, Chairman, Climate Change Capital United kingdom Dan Esty, Professor, Yale university, USA Clã ment Gignac, Chief Economist and Senior Vice -President, Industrial Alliance Insurance and Financial Services, Canada Jeni Klugman, Director for Gender, The World bank, USA Marc A. Levy, Deputy Director, Center for International Earth science Information Network, Columbia University USA John W. Mcarthur, Senior Fellow, UN Foundation & Nonresident Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution Kevin X. Murphy, President and Chief executive officer J. E. Austin Associates Inc.,USA Mari Elka Pangestu, Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy, Indonesia Lindene Patton, Chief Climate Product Officer, Zurich Financial services, Switzerland Anthony O†Sullivan, Head Private Sector Development Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), France Xavier Sala-i-Martã n, Professor, Economics department Columbia University, USA Mark Spelman, Global Managing director, Accenture United kingdom Simon Zadek, Co-Director of the UNEP Inquiry on Options for a Sustainable Finance System, United nations Environment Programme, Switzerland  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 55 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness progress and allow countries to transition to more sustainable models of growth Even though the number of studies on sustainability has grown significantly over the past decades the detailed linkages between sustainability and competitiveness remain to a large extent uncertain To fill this gap, the World Economic Forum has engaged in a series of activities to expand its knowledge of sustainability and of the relationship between sustainability and competitiveness, and has been at the forefront of the discussion on environmental sustainability. This work aims to shape the agenda by catalyzing public-private platforms that help governments draw on their joint expertise to identify and implement solutions to the most pressing issues facing the global community. Issues of economic, social, and environmental sustainability have been showcased and discussed at many of the Forum†s regional and annual meetings. Since 2010, the World Economic Forum†in collaboration with a multi-stakeholder Advisory board of international experts (Boxâ 1) †has embarked on an effort to integrate the concept of sustainability into its competitiveness work. The Forum continues its efforts to build a more robust narrative of the concept of sustainable competitiveness DEFINING SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS With the 1987 publication of the report Our Common Future, sustainable development was defined as the â€oedevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. †8 The breadth of the definition was meant to capture the several dimensions of development that go beyond the usual boundaries of economic growth in order to include both the tangible and intangible necessities of life The concept of sustainable competitiveness places more emphasis than the concept of sustainable development does on the importance of productivity as a driver of prosperity and long-term growth. We define sustainable competitiveness as the set of institutions policies, and factors that make a nation productive over the longer term while ensuring social and environmental sustainability. Social sustainability, in turn, is defined as the institutions, policies, and factors that enable all members of society to experience the best possible health, participation, and security; and that maximize their potential to contribute to and benefit from the economic prosperity of the country in which they live And we define environmental sustainability as the institutions, policies, and factors that ensure an efficient management of resources to enable prosperity for present and future generations Fundamental to the concept of sustainable competitiveness is the notion that, although competitiveness can be equated with productivity sustainable competitiveness can be linked to a broader concept that focuses on aspects that go beyond mere economic outcomes to include other important elements that render societies sustainably prosperous by ensuring high-quality growth Another way of looking at the concept of sustainable competitiveness is that it aims to gauge not only whether a country has the potential to grow over the medium and long term, but whether the national development process is producing the kind of society in which we want to live Competitiveness and environmental sustainability The concepts of competitiveness and environmental sustainability are linked at both the country and the firm level. At the country level, because Earth†s natural resources are limited either or are renewed at a specific physical rate, finding an appropriate combination of technology and the planet†s carrying capacity could prevent the limitations of resources from becoming a drag on growth. Developing sustainable practices could also, to a certain extent, fuel productivity. For example biodiversity can be an important source of innovation At the firm level, the impact of environmental regulations on productivity is still controversial, especially if externalities are taken not into account. However many companies have started to become more aware that environmental challenges such as pollution climate change, and resource scarcity could affect them (see Boxâ 2). First, these challenges could affect a firm†s bottom line at some point in time, for example through frequent supply chain disruptions resulting from unforeseen meteorological catastrophes (which are thought to be affected by climate change. Second stricter environmental regulations could also impact business operations, for example when businesses must face higher prices for commodities used as inputs of production. And third, as consumers become more aware of environmental sustainability issues, companies become more concerned about reputational risks. 9 Consequently, the business sector has started to take a keener interest in environmental issues than it did a couple of decades ago. This is evidenced in the increasing number of companies voluntarily reporting on their emissions, 10 and in the number of financial management firms signing on to the United Nation†s Principles for Responsible Investment. 11 Companies are also taking action on issues that may impact the sector in which they do business. For example, food -processing companies have put forward and supported initiatives relating to water scarcity because this scarcity may have†in some cases is already having†an impact on crops and therefore on the supply of raw materials and cost of commodities. Another example is the information technology (IT) sector, where â€oesustainability is fast becoming an important corporate-performance  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 56 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Box 2: Progress toward stronger environmental regulations In the run-up to the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to be held in 2015 in Paris, when a new climate accord is due countries are getting more serious about their environmental policies On climate change, for example, as a recent report by the Global Legislators Organisations (GLOBE International and the Grantham Research Institute at the London School of Economics points out, climate legislation in 66 countries now covers nearly 88 percent of current greenhouse gas emissions. 1 To be sure, although some major industrialized countries have experienced serious resistance to climate legislation†for example, Australia†s government repealed a key element of the country†s Clean Energy Act (the carbon tax) three times in 2014; 2 and Japan announced, in the COP 19 session of the Convention on Climate Change in Warsaw that its greenhouse gas emissions will be slashed by only 3. 8 percent by 2020 compared with 2005 levels to accommodate a much reduced reliance on low carbon nuclear energy after the accident at Fukushima3†almost 500 climate laws were passed in the 66 countries studied. 4 According to the GLOBE report, developing countries and emerging markets have passed climate change laws and regulations at a faster pace than developed countries. For example Sub Saharan Africa saw major developments in 2013, with progress made in almost all of the study countries, notably the approval of national plans and strategies on climate change •Kenya adopted 2013-2017 Climate Change Action Plan •Mozambique adopted 2013-2025 National Strategy for Climate Change •Tanzania passed its National Strategy on REDD +•Nigeria†s Legislative council approved the adoption of a National Climate Change Policy and Response Strategy The americas are also taking concrete legislations •Bolivia passed its Framework Law on Mother Earth and Integral Development to Live Well •El salvador adopted its National Climate Change Strategy •In Ecuador, Decree 1815 established the Intersectoral National Strategy for Climate Change •In Costa rica a draft General Law on Climate Change has been introduced and is expected to pass in 2014.5 Another breakthrough in the climate change regulatory landscape this year Is united the States†announcement to tackle carbon dioxide emissions. President Barack Obama who promised to â€oerespond to the threat of climate change†in his inaugural speech after his reelection, has exercised executive authority through the Environmental Protection Agency to reduce emissions nationwide by an average of 25 percent by 2020 and 30 percent by 2030.6 Confirming this trend, Figureâ 1 shows that, overall countries are getting more serious about their environmental regulation. Findings from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) show that the stringency of regulations has increased by more than 0. 1 points in the last 10 years, and regulatory enforcement has increased by nearly 0. 1 points in the same period of time Whether motivated by improved climate change science the cost of doing nothing, 7 or the heightened perception of environmental risk (since 2010, the respondents of the World Economic Forum†s Global Risks Perceptions Survey consider environmental risks both to be more likely to happen and to have greater impact), 8 the increase in the number and efficacy of environmental regulations is welcome and timely The drivers for this increase differ across the world. In Asia for example, stronger policies are motivated as much by energy security as they are by local pollution and public health challenges, and in forested nations international attention on deforestation probably plays a key role in encouraging more stringent regulation to preserve forests. A growing realization that environmental degradation could derail growth is also contributing to this trend. The World bank estimates the cost of pollution to China at around 9 percent of its gross national income, 9 while China†s Ministry of Environmental Protection put it at around 3. 5 percent of GDP (based on 2010 figures According to the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study published in the Lancet in December 2012†January 2013, air pollution contributed to 1. 2 million premature deaths in China in 2010.10 However, the GLOBE International report concludes that, despite the positive trends toward a greater number of environmental regulations, the cumulative ambition of these laws is still not enough to limit global average temperature rise to 2â C above preindustrial levels†the agreed goal of the international community. In general, the expanded efforts of regulators to deliver more sustainable development mechanism have not yet produced tangible effects on a large scale Against this backdrop, it is clear that private sector†led initiatives and public-private partnerships are needed to help mobilize new constituencies and deliver the needed targets Already some key private-sector groups are forming to act voluntarily on climate and realize opportunities associated with climate-smart business. For example, the Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) is focused a group on sustainability composed of 400 retailers, manufacturers, service providers and other stakeholders across 70 countries, with combined sales of nearly US$2. 5 trillion. 11 More specifically, the CGF has four key focus areas: addressing climate change, achieving zero net deforestation, shifting to natural refrigerants, and removing waste from supply chains. In another example, the Banking and Environment Initiative (BEI) comprises 10 of the world†s largest banks, including Barclays, China Construction Bank, and Deutsche bank. Its mission is to lead the banking Cont†d  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 57 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness Box 2: Progress toward stronger environmental regulations (cont†d industry in collectively directing capital toward environmentally and socially sustainable economic development These groups are not only working on a sectoral basis but also coming together across industries to drive more significant impacts. For example, the BEI is supporting the CGF by providing models to finance sustainable commodity supply chains. Initiatives that encourage collaboration and communication cross stakeholders are just a first step toward finding a pragmatic solution to complex environmental problems, yet they represent a key step because they set the foundation for crafting regulations that are more simple and effective when applied to the reality of business operations Notes 1 Nachmany et al. 2014 2 For more information, see the website of the Australian Government†s Department of the Environment at http://www. envi -ronment. gov. au/climate-change/repealing-carbon-tax 3 Kuramochi 2014 4 See the GLOBE Climate Legislation Study by Nachmany et al 2014 5 Nachmany et al. 2014; this checklist is from pages 4 and 5 of a summary of that report on the organization†s website, http://www globeinternational. org/studies/legislation/climate 6 Harder 2014 7 The Economist 2014 8 World Economic Forum 2014 9 World bank and the Development Research center of the State Council, P. R. China 2013, p. 249 10 The Lancet 2013 11 For information about the Consumer goods Forum, see http://www. theconsumergoodsforum. com /Figure 1: Evolution of Survey results for environmental regulation indicators, 2005†14 Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, multiple years Note: Full Survey questions are provided here Stringency of environmental regulations: How would you assess the stringency of your country†s environmental regulations? 1=very lax; 7=among the world†s most stringent Enforcement of environmental regulations: How would you assess the enforcement of environmental regulations in your country? 1=very lax; 7=among the world†s most rigorous 3. 6 3. 8 4. 0 4. 2 4. 4 2013†2014 2012†2013 2011†2012 2010†2011 2009†2010 2008†2009 2007†2008 2006†2007 2005†2006 Av er ag e Su rv ey re su lts 1 †7 s ca le †Enforcement of environmental regulations †Stringency of environmental regulations metric. †12 Information technology companies†concerned with energy costs, reputational risks, and difficulties they confront in continuing to expand their capacity†are beginning to reduce their footprint by adopting â€oegreener data centers†that significantly reduce energy demand The relationship between environmental sustainability and competitiveness is multifaceted and affects an economy in different ways. Multiple channels support a positive relationship between environmentally sustainable practices and productivity gains; here we identify and describe the main ones •Efficient use of natural resources. The efficient use of natural resources includes both managing exhaustible raw materials and using renewable resources within their regenerative capacity in order to minimize production costs, ensure their availability for future generations, and reduce pollution  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 58 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 As described by the literature on public goods welfare increases once the negative externalities generated by pollution are corrected. 13 It follows that environmental sustainability can bring about a better economic outcome if it is associated with formal or informal institutions that define property rights and result in the adoption of sustainable processes over the use of scarce resources •Carbon reduction. Climate change is a global issue, but its impact on individual countries and companies is significant. Some sectors are more exposed than others: agriculture is the most exposed to the effects of climate change such as rise of temperature, water scarcity, and extreme weather. Although solutions for global emission reductions require international coordination carbon-reducing business practices can have a positive effect on long-term competitiveness. In the context of rising energy demand, improving energy efficiency through management changes, investing in technology improvement, and using low-carbon energy infrastructure can produce significant savings relatively quickly. 14 In addition, investments in capital expenditures for emission reduction can generate business opportunities for new sectors Climate change is perceived already as one of the environmental challenges with the most far-reaching and most severe negative impact on human well-being, but the debate on how to address it most efficiently is still ongoing. Some studies support the position that increasing energy efficiency and introducing emissions standards are more costly to the economy as a whole than the use of carbon pricing, 15 while others see carbon taxes as having more negative impact on the economy in the short Run for example, according to a study by the Congressional Budget Office of the United states, 16 the impact of a carbon tax could be detrimental to output in the short run by raising the cost of energy and transport; however this cost could be partially offset by cuts in marginal income taxation. In the longer run, a higher pricing of carbon-intensive goods would reduce emissions and thus reduce the taxation level and the initial economic drag associated with it One more element to take into account is the impact of externalities linked to climate change Choosing a less carbon-intensive development path generates returns by reducing losses that result from climate change. For example, the negative impact of climate change on crops is already documented. 17 There is also agreement that climate change gives rise to extreme weather, which in turn can destroy tangible assets such as infrastructure public facilities, and industrial stocks. These weather events interrupt the regular flow of goods and services both within and between countries According to an estimate of the 2007†2008 UN Human Development Report, to reach the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, the cost associated with coping with a more hostile climate since 2007 is approximately US$85 billion per year more than would be required to achieve these same goals if climate change did not have to be considered. To take one example, the recent floods in the Balkans are, according to scientists, probably linked to climate change. 18 According to the World Health Organization, 19 this event has caused the death of almost 60 people and displaced over 60,000 more. Looking at its economic impact alone, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development reports physical damages estimated at â 1. 5†â 2 billion in Serbia and about â 1. 3 billion in Bosnia and herzegovina, particularly affecting agriculture, power generation, mining, and transport infrastructure •Improved health. A high-quality natural environment improves the productivity of the workforce by reducing health damage caused by pollution or environmental degradation. Since health affects productivity and pollution affects health efforts to reduce pollution may be interpreted as an investment in human capital. Recent empirical evidence has indicated that, in the United states ozone levels below federal air quality standards have a positive impact on productivity (a 10 parts per billion decrease in ozone concentrations raises worker productivity by 4. 2 percent. 20 Finally, environment-driven health problems lead to resource misallocation, forcing governments to fund additional, and otherwise unnecessary health programs and diverting resources that would otherwise go into productivity-enhancing investments in for example, education or innovation •Biodiversity for innovation. Ultimately environmental degradation can impact the way ecosystems work and reduce biodiversity Biodiversity supports the productivity of the workforce by providing food, fiber, shelter, and natural medicines, and it regulates the water supply and air quality. According to the Convention on Biodiversity, 21 more than 1. 3 billion people in the world depend on biodiversity and on basic ecosystem goods for their livelihoods. Biodiversity losses caused by deforestation or significant land use changes†which today are estimated to be 100 to 1, 000 times greater than is thought to occur naturally†increase the vulnerability of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and induce changes in  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 59 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness climate and ocean acidity. 22 Biodiversity is also a key driver of economic growth, especially in developing countries, because it provides the basis for many innovations in areas such as pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. At the same time, interfering with ecosystems may make living conditions for humans more difficult and perhaps engender additional costs. Last but not least biodiversity restoration and protection can create profitable business opportunities, incentivizing the development of new technologies and products for their utilization in still-unexplored markets Furthermore, investing in the greening of tourism can reduce the cost of energy, water, and waste and thus enhance the value of biodiversity, ecosystems and cultural heritage. 23 Competitiveness and social sustainability Interest among economists and social scientists in the relationship between income distribution and economic performance has been growing over the last 20 years. Although the findings are not yet conclusive the diverging patterns in income of different population clusters in developing and developed economies alike are certainly tangible and explain the broad interest around this topic However, the concept of social sustainability goes beyond just inequality. Although there is no unique consensus around the concept of social sustainability it is possible to identify recurring themes in the different definitions that have been proposed so far. Human rights, equity, and social justice are among the most relevant Since the recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen -Fitoussi Commission in 2009,24 many attempts have been made to identify the relationship between social sustainability and development. However, empirical evidence to support the theory that the two are interdependent remains somewhat inconclusive More recently the concept of inclusive growth has entered international discourse. Although not yet universally defined, inclusive growth looks at how countries can achieve growth and balanced social outcomes simultaneously. Boxâ 3 describes a related initiative on inclusive growth launched at the World Economic Forum, which attempts to respond to this challenge Recent events in different parts of the world have generated concerns that an unbalanced social model can undermine the stability of the growth process for both current and future generations. If economic benefits are perceived to be distributed unevenly within a society and this inequality leads to significant social discontent the capacity of individuals to contribute to and benefit from higher rates of economic growth can be affected Based on our definition of sustainable competitiveness, specified above, we analyze here those dimensions of social sustainability that are likely to fuel productivity and long-term prosperity while at the same time preserving social stability. Our aim is to unbundle the most relevant elements, even if they are often interrelated and not always clearly distinct •Inclusion. An inclusive society ensures that all citizens contribute to and benefit from the economic prosperity of their country. Inclusion is a prerequisite for social cohesion because, if some members of the community are marginalized, the society will lack the necessary coherence of goals to accomplish common purposes. Typical examples of social exclusion that have a considerable negative impact on the competitiveness of a nation are the lack of access to basic necessities, discrimination according to gender, youth marginalization and extreme polarization of income. Any type of social exclusion that prevents people from fully participating in the labor market reduces the availability of talent to a country†s firms and organizations, thereby reducing competitiveness Lack of access to sanitation, drinkable water, or healthcare can dramatically impair labor productivity reducing the ability of the economy to compete globally. At the same time, when young people are marginalized by the labor market and have access only to short-term and highly volatile jobs, they remain vulnerable, especially during downturns These workers usually receive less on-the-job training than their counterparts in stable positions thus reducing the overall level of human capital Finally, the participation and empowerment of women is key to ensuring a large talent pool and tends to bring about other positive effects, such as reducing infant mortality, reducing poverty improving the management of scarce resources reducing conflict, and guaranteeing food security •Equity and cohesion. An equitable society guarantees the same opportunities for all its members, rewarding them according to their talents and fairly redistributing the benefits of growing wealth, 25 creating a cohesive society with no excessive income disparities across different groups. Inequality is a multidimensional concept For the purposes of this Report, we are mainly interested in income inequality, which certainly represents one of the biggest challenges for policymakers globally and which is correlated highly with access to other opportunities Although some earlier literature found a positive relationship between growth and inequality, more recent research tends to find the opposite, via the following channels: first, high levels of inequality  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 60 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 In many countries, the gap between rich and poor is widening, youth unemployment is rising, and access to basic services remains a challenge. Even in several fast -growing developing countries, it appears that growth has not made a notable dent in income inequality or poverty, and the vulnerabilities associated with these problems remain entrenched. 1 The global community is calling for change†for solutions that foster economic growth in a more inclusive manner The question of how to unlock new sources of productive employment and strengthen the contribution of economic growth to improvements in broad living standards is becoming an increasingly important concern for political and business leaders in developed and developing countries alike. However, although international consensus on the need to develop new approaches in this respect is widespread very little in the way of concrete policy guidance has emerged from the G-20 or from international institutions. There is a growing need for analytical frameworks and evidence-based solutions suited to this purpose The economic fundamentals that have accompanied high and sustained economic growth are well known and form the basis of the World Economic Forum†s 12-pillar model of competitiveness. Nevertheless, the economic debate on inclusive growth is still taking shape, and the Forum is playing an active role in disentangling the complex relationship between growth and equity, building on its existing benchmarking and sustainability work. The mechanisms through which growth-enhancing policies impact poverty and inequality are difficult to unravel, however. Several policy areas have been identified as â€oewin-win†or â€oesuper pro-poor†in that they have both a positive effect on growth and a negative effect on inequality, while others remain inconclusive. 2 For example, policies and structural reforms should provide equality of opportunity so that all segments of society can participate in its growth by expanding and improving labor, technology, and capital in order to raise living standards. Increasing affordability and access to high -quality education and training, and providing access to credit and other incentives for small business development are among the most effective instruments available to governments for achieving progressive growth. These should be complemented by policies that redress some of the inequalities in outcomes, particularly those experienced by poor and vulnerable segments of the populations, through attention to areas such as provisioning public services establishing a progressive tax code, and providing basic social and labor protections. 3 The international community has made significant progress in defining inclusive growth. However, agreeing on a comprehensive and more actionable framework remains an ongoing challenge. One widely accepted definition of inclusive growth involves output growth that is sustained over decades is based broad across economic sectors, creates productive employment opportunities for the majority of the country†s population, and reduces poverty. 4 Reductions in excessive income inequality have emerged also as a prerequisite for inclusive growth, supported by mounting evidence that inequality undermines growth. 5 In summary, inclusive growth is about both the pace and pattern of economic growth. 6 The World Economic Forum†s Global Project on Inclusive Growth aims to mobilize a better response to this challenge by drawing on its multiple, relevant capabilities in partnership with key international organizations to build on this initial framework and push the policy agenda further. Specifically it will seek to assemble a comparative analysis of the extent to which countries make use of the wide spectrum of policy incentives and institutional mechanisms that influence the pattern and pace of broad-based progress in living standards An initial framework includes areas such as creating an enabling environment for human capital formation reinforcing the wage and productivity growth link, fostering entrepreneurship and investment, reinforcing business and political ethics, promoting gender parity, reviewing fiscal policy (tax code and social protection), and providing improved public services and infrastructure. Once completed this framework will be used as a point of departure for a series of policy dialogues among policymakers, business leaders, and other opinion shapers. The goal is to establish a more concretely actionable foundation for policy by giving countries a clearer relative sense of the extent to which they are exploiting the policy space and the best practices available to them on the basis of the recent experience of their peers or the historical experience of other relevant countries. By doing so, the Global Project on Inclusive Growth aims to shed light on the full spectrum of policy levers available to promote social participation in the process and benefits of economic growth without dampening incentives to work, save, and invest Notes 1 While extreme poverty (at a $1. 25 per day threshold) has declined notably, taking such narrowly defined poverty headcount ratios underestimates the large numbers of low-income people who fall just above fixed international poverty thresholds (e g.,, $2 or $2. 75 per day. See Afdb 2013; Ali and Zhuang 2007 2 Lopez 2004; Killick 2002 3 Furman 2014; IMF 2013 4 Commission on Growth and Development 2008; Ianchovichina and Lundstrom 2009 5 Berg and Ostry 2011; Ostry et al. 2014 6 Ianchovichina and Lundstrom Gable 2012 Box 3: The World Economic Forum†s Global Project on Inclusive Growth  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 61 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness can potentially distort the political process; 26 second, inequality can lead to reduction in human capital investments; 27 third, it may require more redistributive efforts, thus potentially introducing more market distortions; fourth, in presence of weak institutions, it can lead to economically harmful social tensions; and finally, in countries defined as â€oewage-led, †a more equal distribution of income tends to deliver higher output. 28 Persistent inequalities tend to limit upward social mobility preventing gifted and hardworking individuals from being rewarded according to their talents. However it can be argued that some degree of disparity†provided it is driven not by rent positions†is actually beneficial for growth because it incentivizes people to invest in education, work harder, and be more innovative and productive •Resilience. A social system is resilient when it can absorb temporary or permanent shocks and adapt to quickly changing conditions without compromising its stability. Formal or informal institutions usually perform the role of shock absorber, reducing the vulnerability of the society as a whole. In advanced economies, welfare states promote the economic and social well-being of the society by protecting their members from excessive loss of income during old age and during periods of unemployment or illness. Although welfare systems represent a source of stability for an economy, they can turn into a hurdle for its competitiveness since overly generous social security programs increase labor costs; can undermine the stability of public finances and limit macro-stabilization policies; and can hamper the incentives to work, innovate, and excel. In order to be sustainable, a social protection system needs to be well balanced and affordable The resilience of a social system also depends on the features of its labor market and on the extent of the black economy. When workers have access only to short-term contracts or vulnerable employment, they are exposed to negative shocks and to all the costs associated with unemployment Moreover, a widespread black economy may affect the resilience of a social system, since informal workers are more vulnerable to concerns related to job loss, old age, maternity, disability, or illness Relationship between environmental and social sustainability The third and final relationship we would like to explore is the one between environmental and social sustainability The quality of the environment and the structure of a society are correlated clearly. On the one hand, well -managed natural resources increase the quality of life, reduce tensions within and between generations provide better opportunities for the whole community and improve the resilience of the society. Moreover, the management of natural resources might translate into â€oein-kind†income distribution, as resource scarcity may leave the poorest of the population unable to access basic necessities. On the other hand, widespread prosperity, which facilitates a high quality of life, requires a functioning economy that, by definition, uses natural resources. For this reason, although the academic literature tends to focus on these two dimensions individually, the World Economic Forum is interested in exploring the way environmental and social sustainability interact with one another. In this chapter, selected channels that have been highlighted extensively by the literature are presented •Health and environmental degradation. As discussed in the previous section, a degraded environment negatively affects the health, and thus the productivity, of the workforce. It also reduces the overall quality of life of members of the society Each year, air pollution, unsafe drinking water and exposure to chemical products contribute to a number of often-lethal diseases both in the developed and developing world. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 29 unsafe water supplies, lack of sanitation, and poor hygiene are responsible for 3 percent of all deaths worldwide, of which 90 percent are children†s. An unhealthy environment dampens economic opportunities, prevents people from participating in the life of the community, diverts resources from productive uses, and contributes to urban decline •Demography, poverty, and the environment The relationship between demography and environmental/social sustainability is extremely intricate. Rapidly growing populations can be a source of environmental stress, leading to greenhouse gas emissions, high rates of soil erosion, and the extinction of species. If rapid population growth is accompanied not by environmental management, it can give rise to tensions between groups for the control of scarce resources and can therefore be a source of further social instability, creating a vicious circle. Persistent poverty may also affect the environment and may lead to massive unplanned urbanization, such as slums, where large segments of the population are without access to basic services. Such settlements can have significant repercussions for the environment, including deforestation and the pollution of water resources, which results from the lack of waste management  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 62 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 •Energy and social stability. Increases in energy prices disproportionately affect the real purchasing power of the lowest earners in the society, because the elasticity of energy demand (fuel and electricity is relatively rigid in the short run. Rising energy prices can therefore exacerbate income polarization In societies where the purchasing power of significant segments of the population is low, high energy prices can endanger the affordability of basic services unless the loss of purchasing power is offset by fiscal policies An additional link between energy, environment and social sustainability is the use of particular alternative energy sources such as ethanol and biodiesel. Although these types of energy sources help to reduce CO2 emissions, they also use wide land areas and contribute to increased food prices. Moreover, these alternatives also have significant environmental impact in the form of additional pressure on water resources. Hence, the assessment of energy policies needs to be based on a holistic view that takes into consideration a broad spectrum of environmental and social consequences •Climate change, food security, and conflict. 30 In the future, rising sea levels and more extreme weather conditions may force millions of people to migrate, adding pressure to natural resources†especially water†in the destination areas. Rising competition over these resources could eventually result in military conflict. Adverse changes in temperature and precipitation have started to affect the capacity of many areas to produce food, thus increasing the vulnerability of the population. According to some studies, at present 1. 7 billion people live in water-stressed countries Industrialization and demographic forces are likely to further aggravate the situation, and climate change may exacerbate the situation even more by decreasing stream-flow and groundwater recharge Pressure on water resources and land combined with a growing world population and rising poverty in some regions, may also aggravate migration and food security concerns, which already represent major problems today. 31 At present, the Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations estimates that approximately 850 million people globally (or 12 percent of the world†s population) are without sufficient access to food or are malnourished; these people are concentrated mostly in the developing world. 32 In less-developed countries, decreasing crop yields may lead to further exploiting degraded land, while globally changing environmental conditions are reducing crop productivity. This constellation of pressures may increase food insecurity in the long term, even in areas where food availability is relatively secure today, which in turn may lead to exacerbate poverty and migration phenomena •Climate change and women†s empowerment. 33 According to a growing body of research, climate change is not gender neutral. In many rural and traditional societies in Africa, women are responsible for securing water, food, and energy for cooking and heating. But the effects of climate change such as droughts, heat waves, infections encouraged by rising temperatures, deforestation, and uncertain rainfall make it harder for these women to secure the resources they need. This, in turn, further weakens their position in society and reduces opportunities to better their lives and that of their families THE MEASUREMENT OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS In order to assess where we stand today and to provide meaningful insights about how best to address the complex and highly interdependent challenges related to sustainable competitiveness, it is helpful to structure the analysis through a conceptual framework and to be able to measure the concept Efforts to measure sustainability The following sections lay out the key existing approaches to measuring sustainability and describe the methodology of the sustainability-adjusted Global Competitiveness Index, which is the World Economic Forum†s ongoing contribution to these efforts At the country level, the main references in this domain remain, as highlighted in previous editions of this Report, the recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen -Fitoussi Commission; the European Commission†s sustainability objectives presented in the Europe 2020 growth strategy; the OECD€ s Better Life Index; and the United nations Development Programme†s (UNDP Human Development Index (HDI), which has included the environmental sustainability and equity adjustments. 34 The United nations, subsequent to the First millennium Development Goals, is discussing a wider set of indicators to track progress in sustainability with the new Sustainable Development Goals (see Boxâ 4 Other efforts to measure specific aspects of social sustainability include the World Bank†s Worldwide Governance Indicators Framework and the International Labour Organization†s Decent Work initiative. 35 For the metrics of environmental sustainability, the main contributions remain the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) developed by researchers at Yale and Columbia universities; 36 the Ecological Footprint developed by the Global Footprint Network; 37 and the Global Adaptation Index. 38  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 63 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness Another source of sustainability measures comes from companies†reporting standards such as the triple bottom line accounting, as a growing body of firms and public institutions systematically reveal information about their environmental and social performance beyond the traditional financial statement Despite this progress, a generalized lack of high -quality, internationally comparable data that would allow countries to fully understand how they fare in these critical areas and benchmark themselves against peers persists. Without an improvement in the quality and availability of key data on social and environmental sustainability, countries will continue to face challenges Because the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS have evolved into the Sustainable Development Goals SDGS) †a development that is expected to be adopted in by the United nations in 2015†sustainable development is once again a top priority on policymakers†agendas. The vision emerging from the discussion of the SDGS 2015 is a more encompassing one of sustainable development that is at the center of the political process, putting poverty eradication at the core of the SDGS but also recognizing that â€oechanging unsustainable and promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production and protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development are the overarching objectives of and essential requirements for sustainable development. †1 The SDGS now appear to be linked more closely to competitiveness than they used to be because most are prerequisites for job creation and long-term sustainable growth. This link is one of the reasons that policymakers find them attractive. In the proposed list of 17 SDGS to be achieved by 2030, five are captured directly by pillars and subpillars of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)( Table 1 while three†Goals 6 (Ensure available and sustainable use of water and sanitation for all), 10 (Reduce inequality within and among countries), and 15 (Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss) †are captured by the sustainable competitiveness framework In addition, by dedicating nearly half of the goals directly to environmental and social sustainability, the United Nations†Open Working group acknowledges both our planet†s boundaries and the importance of just, equitable, and inclusive growth for long-term development. This approach is very much in line with the World Economic Forum†s work on sustainable competitiveness that, since The Global Competitiveness Report 2011†2012, attempts to show a direct link between environmental and social sustainability and economic performance Moving from the MDGS to the SDGS is also important from a financing point of view. The cost of achieving the SDGS promises to be significantly higher than the cost of achieving the MDGS. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimated that the â€oefinance gap†the amount of investment necessary to achieve the MDGS by 2015) was approximately US$120 billion a year, 2 while a recent report by the United nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) estimated the gap of reaching the SDGS to be nearly US$2. 5 trillion per year. 3 Aid will not be enough to achieve these goals. However by focusing on factors that incorporate some of the drivers of higher standards of living, the SDGS can create a virtuous cycle that could enable countries to generate significant wealth to lift their own people out of poverty, enhancing sustainable competitiveness Notes 1 United nations Open Working group on Sustainable Development Goals 2014; further information about the SDGS is available at http://sustainabledevelopment. un. org/owg. html 2 Stijns et al. 2012 3 UNCTAD 2014 Box 4: The Sustainable Development Goals: A sound basis for sustainable growth Table 1: Sustainable Development Goals and Global Competitiveness Index equivalents Goals proposed by the UN€ s Open Working group on SDGS Equivalent in the GCI Goal 3: Attain healthy lives for all 4th pillar (health subpillar Goal 4: Provide quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all 4th pillar (primary education subpillar) and 5th pillar (higher education and training Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all 7th pillar (labor market efficiency Goal 9: Promote sustainable infrastructure and industrialization and foster innovation 2nd pillar (infrastructure) and 12th pillar (innovation Goal 16: Achieve peaceful and inclusive societies, access to justice for all, and effective and capable institutions 1st pillar (institutions Source: United nations Open Working group on Sustainable Development Goals, July 2014  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 64 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 when assessing and monitoring key dimensions of their situation. The lack of data also renders far-reaching quantitative analysis of the topic impossible and makes it difficult to identify channels of influence and assign relative importance to the different aspects of sustainable competitiveness. Better data would enable countries to make better decisions in their attempt to identify and implement appropriate policies and measures to ensure that their development model leads to the desired outcomes. The lack of data is a challenge that is shared by all the frameworks described above as well as by our sustainable competitiveness assessment, detailed in the next section Sustainable competitiveness: The analytical framework Based on our definition of sustainable competitiveness we have developed a framework that aims to create a common ground to develop policies that balance economic prosperity with social inclusion and environmental stewardship. This conceptual model is represented in Figureâ 1, which presents a framework where the Forum†s index for measuring competitiveness the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), is adjusted by factors that encompass social and environmental sustainability. This framework highlights the central position of competitiveness as the key driver of prosperity in society, recognizing that high levels of competitiveness are sustained crucial to prosperity The GCI measures the level of competitiveness of an economy, as discussed in Chapter 1. 1, which is defined as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of an economy The GCI is a comprehensive index that takes into account 12 pillars or drivers: institutions, infrastructure macroeconomic environment, health and primary education, higher education and training, goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency, financial market development, technological readiness, market size business sophistication, and innovation. The variables that are analyzed in each of these 12 pillars are well known and benefit from more than 30 years of ongoing work on competitiveness at the World Economic Forum as well as a rich literature on growth and development However, the framework presented in Figureâ 1 indicates that competitiveness on its own may not lead to sustainable levels of prosperity. Although the attainment of a certain level of economic prosperity is essential for achieving high standards of living, within this exercise, countries are assessed also for their ability to generate this long-lasting prosperity for their citizens in a sustainable way. In other words, competitiveness is Figure 1: The structure of the sustainability-adjusted GCI GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX (GCI Sustainability -adjusted GCI Environmental sustainability†adjusted GCI GCI) à (environmental sustainability coefficient Environmental sustainability pillar Social sustainability pillar Social sustainability†adjusted GCI GCI) à (social sustainability coefficient Note: Refer to appendix A for a detail explanation of the methodology  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 65 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness a necessary but not sufficient condition for continued prosperity†hence the need for the additional social sustainability†adjusted and environmental sustainability†adjusted measures of competitiveness As described in the first half of this chapter, defining the functional relationship between competitiveness and sustainability and identifying and measuring the pillars and variables that are driving environmental and social sustainability are complex tasks from both a conceptual and a measurement point of view. Sufficient evidence does not yet exist that would allow us to identify a solid functional relationship among them; we therefore opt for the simple approach of defining a linear relationship among the three dimensions. As a result, the final overall sustainability-adjusted Global Competitiveness Index is an average of the two sustainability-adjusted indexes: the social sustainability†adjusted GCI and the environmental sustainability†adjusted GCI. 39 Social sustainability pillar For social sustainability, the Forum identifies three conceptual elements (Figureâ 2). The first category aims to assess a population†s access to basic necessities. 40 It includes three indicators: Access to sanitation, Access to improved drinking water, and Access to healthcare services. This category is thus a measure of inclusion as well as a measure of the fulfillment of basic physical needs. Other indicators that we would have liked to incorporate but could not because of the lack of data include access to decent housing and food security A population with poor access to water, food, shelter healthcare, and sanitation cannot develop to its full capacity The second category is linked to the concept of perceived economic security. Hence it aims to evaluate a population†s vulnerability to economic exclusion Three indicators have been chosen for this evaluation Vulnerable employment as a percentage of total employment, the Extent of the informal economy, and Social safety net protection. The vulnerable employment indicator measures the percentage of people who are self-employed in a small business or are in a small family business that may provide income levels insufficient to meet the living standards of the country of residence and can prove unstable in times of economic difficulties The extent of the informal economy provides a sense of how well integrated the workforce is into official structures. A workforce that is less integrated leaves workers more vulnerable to concerns related to job loss, old age, maternity, disability, or illness. The social safety net is a complementary measure of protection in times of financial and economic instability, the safety net helps households to maintain their access to basic necessities and to weather crises without falling into poverty traps. Providing protection also leads to a sense of financial security that enables individuals to undertake investments and entrepreneurial risk, which can in turn translate into the creation of new jobs and innovative ideas, thus benefitting the economy A third category can be thought of as an assessment of social cohesion and includes the following indicators: the Income Gini index, Social mobility and Youth unemployment. The income Gini index is a measure of income inequality, but keep in mind that†from a normative approach†excessive inequality may hide relative poverty that would prevent lower-income families from accessing the same opportunities as those with incomes at the high end of the range in the society Linked to this idea, we include an indicator on social mobility. In the context of sustainable competitiveness it is crucial that subsequent generations can improve their condition regardless of the socioeconomic status of their parents. From a purely economic perspective the absence of such social mobility can be detrimental to human capital development because talented individuals, in a society that does not allow them to access education or to move ahead, will not be leveraged for economic advancement and they may leave their home country to pursue opportunities abroad Additionally, low expectations for the future in a context of high unemployment and persistent inequality can spark political instability. On a broader conceptual level social mobility is also a direct measure of the freedom to pursue human development Finally, high youth unemployment can reduce social cohesion and incur significant economic and social costs. It depresses lifetime earnings for unemployed workers, taking a toll on their health and reducing the potential of the next generation to succeed. From an economic standpoint, high youth unemployment Access to basic necessities Vulnerability to economic exclusion Social cohesion •Access to sanitation •Access to improved drinking water •Access to healthcare •Vulnerable employment •Extent of informal economy •Social safety net protection •Income Gini index •Social mobility •Youth unemployment Figure 2: Summary of indicators for social sustainability  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 66 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 reflects a failure to mobilize existing resources and build productive skills Environmental sustainability pillar To develop the environmental sustainability pillar, the Forum has continued to work closely with experts at Yale†s Center for Environmental law and Policy YCELP), with the Center for International Earth science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University†s Earth Institute, and with the World Resource Institute WRI) to define the best existing indicators in this area and to understand the strengths and limitations of these data More generally, the measures captured here and presented in the environmental sustainability pillar are meant to complement the analysis carried out through the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), which provides a much more comprehensive indication of national performance on a variety of environmental indicators. In this pillar, indicators have been selected according to three categories (see Figureâ 3) aimed at covering the most relevant aspects of environmental sustainability The first area measured in the environmental sustainability pillar is environmental policy, which is composed of a gauge of the stringency and enforcement of Environmental regulations along with the extent to which land areas are protected (biome protection providing an assessment of a country†s commitment to protecting natural capital. We also include a measure of the number of key International environmental treaties out of a total of 25, in which the country is a participant This indicator demonstrates the country†s level of engagement with environmental issues and thus its willingness to become involved in international efforts toward addressing global environmental challenges Together these variables capture to some extent the political will of countries to respond to environmental issues in a structured and consistent way and indicate their importance in the government agenda The second area relates to the use of renewable resources. These indicators comprise measures of Baseline water stress in an economy, which models the relation between water supply availability and demand in each country; Wastewater treatment, which gauges what percentage of (mainly urban) wastewater is treated before it is released into the ecosystem; Forest cover change, which takes into account reported information about the percentage of total land area that is deforested or afforested) over time; and the overexploitation of Fish stocks. A diminishing regeneration capacity is one of the major environmental issues for which a simple solution is identified not easily. Although the data in this area are among the most difficult to collect and interpret it is crucial for a country to manage these resources in order to ensure that they remain available for future generations The third area takes into consideration the degradation of the environment, which can cause serious damage to human health while destroying the ecosystem. The specific indicators used to measure this concept are the Level of particulate matter concentration, CO2 intensity, and the Quality of the natural environment. Particulate matter concentration is a proxy for air pollution, which has proven negative effects on human health and is monitored by local authorities in many countries. The quality of the natural environment is based a perception assessment of the local status of the environment that measures the observation of local business leaders on the ground. CO2 intensity is a measure of the efficiency of energy use in relation to the emissions it produces It is important to note that, although CO2 intensity also provides a sense of national contributions to climate change, the decision was taken again this year not to include climate change as a specific factor in this pillar This is because there is currently no agreement on how to attribute emission responsibilities to particular countries. For example, in a world of globalized markets, should emissions be allocated to the country producing the goods that created the emissions or to the consuming country? Also it is not yet clear what impact countries†contributions to climate change would have on national competitiveness, particularly in the absence of an international agreement that would impose costs on large emitters While the variables described in this and the previous sections capture a number of important aspects of social and environmental sustainability additional variables are needed to obtain a more Environmental policy Use of renewable resources Degradation of the environment •Environmental regulations stringency and enforcement •Number of ratified international environmental treaties •Terrestrial biome protection •Baseline water stress •Wastewater treatment •Forest cover change •Fish stocks†overexploitation •Level of particulate matter concentration •CO2 intensity •Quality of the natural environment Figure 3: Summary of indicators for environmental sustainability  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 67 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness complete measure of the concept. These indicators include measurements of social participation and respect for core human rights, as well as discrimination and the treatment of minority populations and additional environmental indicators. However, because of the lack of quality indicators in these areas, we are unable to include them for the time being Updates to the environmental sustainability pillar As a result of collaboration with our partners and our research, we were able to improve the methodology this year by updating a number of indicators because data became available or because improved measurement methodologies were provided. The indicator Baseline water stress replaces Agricultural water intensity. The methodology for the calculation of the indicators Forest cover change, Particulate matter (2. 5) concentration and Fish stocks overexploited has been updated to bring these indicators in line with the results of the Environmental Performance Index. Finally, the new indicator Wastewater treatment was added to the framework Calculation of the sustainability-adjusted GCI The two areas of sustainability†social and environmental†are treated as independent adjustments to each country†s performance in the GCI The details behind the aggregation are described in Appendix A; Appendix B provides detailed notes and sources for each indicator. The aggregation leads to three outcomes: an environmental sustainability†adjusted GCI, a social sustainability†adjusted GCI, and an overall sustainability-adjusted GCI that combines the two effects. Lacking clear theoretical guidelines in assigning weights to the individual elements, each indicator has been given an equal weight within each pillar As described in detail in Appendix A, each pillar is converted into an â€oeadjustment coefficient†with a range of 0. 8 to 1. 2; this coefficient is used then to adjust the GCI score upward or downward. Consequently, the sustainability-adjusted GCI score ranges between a maximum of 20 percent lower or 20 percent higher than the underlying GCI score The single indicators are aggregated using a simple average. Although this aggregation method is transparent and simple to replicate, its limitation is that it allows for compensation across the different sustainability dimensions. For example, a country may achieve a strong performance in terms of carbon intensity but a poor performance on deforestation. In this case, the two scores will be averaged out and the overall score may mask an uneven performance across different dimensions. This needs to be kept in mind when interpreting the results. Notwithstanding extensive research efforts, again this year we were not able to identify new metrics of appropriate quality to be included in the index In the Sustainable Competitiveness exercise country coverage is driven again by data availability: we are able to cover 113 economies this year, a subset of the 144 economies covered in the 2014†2015 GCI Results of the sustainability-adjusted GCI analysis This section presents the results of the sustainability -adjusted GCI. Tableâ 1 shows how the GCI score is adjusted once sustainability indicators are taken into account. An upward arrow shows that sustainability results drive a better score than the GCI itself; a downward arrow points to a situation of vulnerability in terms of social and/or environmental sustainability that lowers the GCI score. A horizontal arrow indicates that GCI results do not change substantially when considering sustainability aspects. The results indicate that there is no clear trade-off between being competitive and being sustainable As noted in previous editions, the findings show that, irrespective of their level of competitiveness, on the two elements of sustainability countries can attain results that are above or below their competitiveness score. However, we observe that countries in the top half of the competitiveness rankings tend to perform better on sustainability as well. This is particularly true for the social sustainability dimension, which is, not surprisingly highly correlated with level of development. Developed economies tend to have more mature institutions that ensure that citizens have access to basic infrastructure healthcare, and welfare. At the same time, countries that face challenges related to their competitiveness fare even more poorly in terms of social sustainability In terms of environmental sustainability, the picture is more complex. Countries toward the lower end of the competitiveness scale tend to fare better than advanced economies in terms of emissions such as CO2, as well as in manufacturing-related pollution such as waste and by-products of industrial processes. 41 However, these economies are currently facing problems that advanced economies have experienced already in their own earlier stages of development, such as biodiversity loss caused by deforestation, urbanization, and the expansion of agricultural land as well as air pollution (proxied here by particulate matter, or PM2. 5, emissions) triggered by the use of older combustion technologies, especially in the transport sector RESULTS FOR SELECTED ECONOMIES Because many of the aspects relating to sustainability require many years for significant change to occur, we observe only small movements in the performance of economies from one year to the next. Nonetheless constant monitoring and benchmarking of selected indicators helps to identify possible areas of risk and the  2014 World Economic Forum GCI 2014†2015 Social sustainability†adjusted GCI€ Environmental sustainability†adjusted GCI€ -adjusted GCI€¡â€ /Economy Rank*Value Value Direction Value Direction Value Direction Switzerland 1 5. 7 6. 75 â‘6. 84 â‘6. 8 â ‘United states 3 5. 54 5. 97 â 5. 24 â 5. 61 â 'Finland 4 5. 5 6. 38 â‘5. 98 â 6. 18 â Germany 5 5. 49 6. 36 â‘6 â 6. 18 â Japan 6 5. 47 6. 29 â 5. 83 â 6. 06 â Netherlands 8 5. 45 6. 39 â‘5. 88 â 6. 13 â United kingdom 9 5. 41 5. 95 â 5. 75 â 5. 85 â Sweden 10 5. 41 6. 05 â 5. 95 â 6 â Norway 11 5. 35 6. 43 â‘6. 14 â 6. 28 â ‘United arab emirates 12 5. 33 6. 1 â 5. 16 â'5. 63 â Denmark 13 5. 29 6. 14 â‘5. 69 â 5. 91 â Canada 15 5. 24 5. 95 â 5. 51 â 5. 73 â New zealand 17 5. 2 5. 94 â 6. 04 â‘5. 99 â ‘Belgium 18 5. 18 5. 89 â 5. 48 â 5. 68 â Luxembourg 19 5. 17 5. 96 â‘5. 73 â 5. 85 â Malaysia 20 5. 16 5. 59 â 4. 86 â 5. 22 â 'Austria 21 5. 16 6 â‘5. 85 â 5. 92 â ‘Australia 22 5. 08 5. 8 â 5. 54 â 5. 67 â France 23 5. 08 5. 56 â 5. 52 â 5. 54 â Saudi arabia 24 5. 06 5. 2 â'4. 74 â 4. 97 â 'Ireland 25 4. 98 5. 38 â 5. 14 â'5. 26 â Korea, Rep. 26 4. 96 5. 25 â 4. 85 â'5. 05 â 'China 28 4. 89 4. 96 â'4. 28 â 4. 62 â Estonia 29 4. 71 5. 13 â 4. 71 â'4. 92 â 'Iceland 30 4. 71 5. 41 â 5. 39 â 5. 4 â ‘Thailand 31 4. 66 4. 63 â'4. 38 â 4. 51 â 'Chile 33 4. 6 4. 68 â'4. 78 â'4. 73 â 'Indonesia 34 4. 57 4. 31 â 4. 26 â 4. 28 â Spain 35 4. 55 4. 65 â'4. 73 â'4. 69 â 'Portugal 36 4. 54 4. 61 â'4. 56 â'4. 58 â 'Czech republic 37 4. 53 4. 97 â 4. 9 â 4. 93 â Azerbaijan 38 4. 53 4. 33 â'4. 09 â 4. 21 â Mauritius 39 4. 52 4. 7 â'4. 25 â 4. 47 â 'Lithuania 41 4. 51 4. 66 â'4. 85 â 4. 75 â Latvia 42 4. 5 4. 64 â'4. 89 â 4. 77 â Poland 43 4. 48 4. 48 â'4. 62 â'4. 55 â 'Turkey 45 4. 46 4. 49 â'4. 05 â 4. 27 â 'Panama 48 4. 43 4. 42 â'4. 53 â'4. 47 â 'Italy 49 4. 42 4. 36 â'4. 44 â'4. 4 â 'Kazakhstan 50 4. 42 4. 69 â 3. 91 â 4. 3 â 'Costa rica 51 4. 42 4. 51 â'4. 63 â'4. 57 â 'Philippines 52 4. 4 4. 26 â'4. 25 â'4. 25 â 'Russian Federation 53 4. 37 4. 46 â'4. 19 â'4. 33 â 'Bulgaria 54 4. 37 4. 31 â'4. 48 â'4. 4 â 'South africa 56 4. 35 4. 11 â 4. 18 â'4. 14 â 'Brazil 57 4. 34 4. 29 â'4. 54 â'4. 42 â 'Cyprus 58 4. 31 4. 48 â'4. 07 â 4. 27 â 'Romania 59 4. 3 4. 13 â'4. 21 â'4. 17 â 'Hungary 60 4. 28 4. 35 â'4. 54 â 4. 44 â 'Mexico 61 4. 27 4. 2 â'3. 98 â 4. 09 â 'Macedonia, FYR 63 4. 26 4. 13 â'3. 66 â 3. 9 â Peru 65 4. 24 3. 99 â 4. 02 â 4 â Colombia 66 4. 23 3. 8 â 4. 17 â'3. 98 â Montenegro 67 4. 23 4. 08 â'4. 38 â'4. 23 â 'Vietnam 68 4. 23 4. 11 â'3. 67 â 3. 89 â Georgia 69 4. 22 3. 88 â 4. 1 â'3. 99 â 'Slovenia 70 4. 22 4. 52 â 4. 78 â 4. 65 â Table 1: Adjustment to the GCI scores by sustainability indicators Cont†d 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 68 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum GCI 2014†2015 Social sustainability†adjusted GCI€ Environmental sustainability†adjusted GCI€ -adjusted GCI€¡â€ /Economy Rank*Value Value Direction Value Direction Value Direction India 71 4. 21 3. 98 â 3. 72 â 3. 85 â Morocco 72 4. 21 3. 88 â 3. 89 â 3. 88 â Sri lanka 73 4. 19 4. 1 â'4. 47 â 4. 28 â 'Slovak Republic 75 4. 15 4. 23 â'4. 41 â 4. 32 â 'Ukraine 76 4. 14 4. 19 â'3. 7 â 3. 95 â 'Croatia 77 4. 13 4. 06 â'4. 21 â'4. 14 â 'Guatemala 78 4. 1 4 â'4. 05 â'4. 03 â 'Algeria 79 4. 08 3. 89 â'3. 58 â 3. 73 â Uruguay 80 4. 04 4. 19 â'4. 21 â'4. 2 â 'Greece 81 4. 04 3. 85 â'4. 09 â'3. 97 â 'Moldova 82 4. 03 3. 98 â'3. 97 â'3. 98 â 'Iran, Islamic rep. 83 4. 03 3. 73 â 3. 64 â 3. 68 â El salvador 84 4. 01 3. 78 â 3. 63 â 3. 71 â Armenia 85 4. 01 3. 79 â 3. 92 â'3. 85 â 'Jamaica 86 3. 98 3. 58 â 3. 71 â 3. 65 â Tunisia 87 3. 96 3. 74 â 3. 58 â 3. 66 â Namibia 88 3. 96 3. 48 â 4. 11 â'3. 79 â 'Trinidad and tobago 89 3. 95 4. 03 â'3. 62 â 3. 83 â 'Kenya 90 3. 93 3. 53 â 4. 05 â'3. 79 â 'Serbia 94 3. 9 3. 68 â 3. 86 â'3. 77 â 'Cambodia 95 3. 89 3. 58 â 3. 85 â'3. 71 â 'Zambia 96 3. 86 3. 48 â 4. 08 â 3. 78 â 'Albania 97 3. 84 3. 63 â 3. 56 â 3. 59 â Mongolia 98 3. 83 3. 6 â 3. 3 â 3. 45 â Nicaragua 99 3. 82 3. 55 â 3. 79 â'3. 67 â 'Honduras 100 3. 82 3. 52 â 3. 78 â'3. 65 â 'Dominican republic 101 3. 82 3. 38 â 3. 44 â 3. 41 â Nepal 102 3. 81 3. 74 â'3. 66 â'3. 7 â 'Argentina 104 3. 79 3. 75 â'3. 36 â 3. 55 â Bolivia 105 3. 77 3. 44 â 3. 76 â'3. 6 â 'Gabon 106 3. 74 3. 27 â 3. 98 â 3. 63 â 'Kyrgyz Republic 108 3. 73 3. 66 â'3. 29 â 3. 47 â Bangladesh 109 3. 72 3. 65 â'3. 35 â 3. 5 â Ghana 111 3. 71 3. 4 â 3. 79 â'3. 6 â 'Senegal 112 3. 7 3. 43 â 3. 82 â'3. 62 â 'Lebanon 113 3. 68 3. 49 â 2. 95 â 3. 22 â CÃ'te d'Ivoire 115 3. 67 3. 37 â 3. 66 â'3. 52 â 'Cameroon 116 3. 66 3. 37 â 3. 85 â 3. 61 â 'Guyana 117 3. 65 3. 56 â'3. 33 â 3. 45 â Ethiopia 118 3. 6 3. 24 â 3. 75 â'3. 5 â 'Egypt 119 3. 6 3. 33 â 3. 26 â 3. 3 â Paraguay 120 3. 59 3. 31 â 3. 42 â'3. 37 â Tanzania 121 3. 57 3. 38 â 3. 59 â'3. 48 â 'Swaziland 123 3. 55 3. 27 â 3. 4 â'3. 34 â Zimbabwe 124 3. 54 3. 24 â 3. 81 â 3. 53 â 'Libya 126 3. 48 2. 93 â 2. 79 â 2. 86 â Nigeria 127 3. 44 2. 97 â 3. 57 â'3. 27 â 'Pakistan 129 3. 42 3. 16 â 2. 99 â 3. 08 â Venezuela 131 3. 32 3. 15 â 3. 13 â 3. 14 â 'Mozambique 133 3. 24 2. 7 â 3. 2 â'2. 95 â Timor-Leste 136 3. 17 2. 89 â 2. 68 â 2. 78 â Haiti 137 3. 14 2. 51 â 2. 72 â 2. 62 â Sierra leone 138 3. 1 2. 85 â 2. 96 â'2. 91 â Angola 140 3. 04 2. 59 â 2. 75 â 2. 67 â Yemen 142 2. 96 2. 56 â 2. 37 â 2. 46 â Guinea 144 2. 79 2. 61 â 2. 6 â 2. 61 â Table 1: Adjustment to the GCI scores by sustainability indicators (cont†d *This is the GCI rank, as presented in Chapter 1. 1. Only the 113 economies covered by this exercise are included in the table †This is the score obtained by multiplying the GCI score by the social sustainability coefficient ‡This is the score obtained by multiplying the GCI score by the environmental sustainability coefficient ‡‡This is the average of social sustainability†adjusted GCI and environmental sustainability†adjusted GCI scores Please refer to the technical appendix of this chapter for a description of how the coefficients are calculated. All the underlying indicators are available at http://www. weforum. org/content/pages /sustainable-competitiveness Key â‘GCI score changes by>+15%to+20 %â GCI score changes by>+5%to+15 %â'GCI score remains stable between+5%and †5 %â GCI score changes by<†5%to †15 %â GCI score changes by<†15%to †20 %The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 69 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 70 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 direction of progress on particular dimensions in each country. The following description of results (presented in the order of this year†s GCI ranking) provides an overall picture of the performance and highlights the main strengths and areas of challenge for selected economies Switzerland confirms its strong sustainability performance. Its 1st place in the GCI rankings is reinforced when that Index is adjusted by social and environmental sustainability indicators. Youth unemployment is slightly increasing but remains at a fairly low level (8. 4 percent), while social protection and mobility remain in line with past rankings, painting a positive picture of The swiss social system. In terms of environmental sustainability, Switzerland by achieving relatively positive results across all the measured dimensions, again demonstrates that trade -offs between being sustainable and being competitive are not necessary. For example, the country†s strong results on environmental stewardship are achieved by enforcing effective environmental regulations, providing water treatment, and protecting its biodiversity However, improvements could be made in some areas air pollutant emissions are still above an optimal level and the country has seen also a slight decrease in forest cover since the year 2000. Therefore, although Switzerland†s leadership manages its social and environmental capital rather well, stakeholders should not be complacent and should continue to monitor and improve the management of Swiss resources The sustainability performance of the United states is mixed. When adjusted by the social sustainability dimension, US competitiveness improves slightly but less than that of other advanced economies because of its still-high levels of income inequality and youth unemployment (15 percent on a decreasing trend In terms of environmental sustainability, the adjusted score reveals a somewhat lower performance, spanning air pollutant emission, depleting fish stocks, and a low commitment to joining international treaties Recent reports of a greater policy focus on social and environmental problems†as exemplified by the adoption of the Clean Water Act and Clean Power Act†puts the country in the right direction for attaining more sustainable path Nordic countries also continue to perform well overall and display specific areas of improvement Finland, despite an inclusive social system and a track record of managing resources responsibly, has to address a rather high level of youth unemployment approximately 19 percent), depleting fish stocks diminishing forest cover, and limited protected areas Germany is similar in many respects to the Nordic economies. On the social sustainability pillar, it is characterized by relatively low youth unemployment widespread access to healthcare, and the presence of a social safety net. However, emerging social difficulties such as rising poverty in Germany, are reported by local studies, demonstrating that such difficulties have started to concern a significant portion of the population even in some of the most prosperous countries in the world. 42 Like social sustainability, environmental sustainability is also assessed relatively positively. Stringent and well -enforced regulations and the existence of a large area of protected land indicate Germany†s particular attention to environmental issues. However, CO2 intensity is still relatively high and does not seem to be on a decreasing trend, fish stocks are overexploited, and particulate matter emission is beyond the optimal level Japan delivers a relatively positive performance on the social sustainability component as a result of its low youth unemployment, its small informal economy and its resilient social safety net. The country attains an overall positive performance on the environmental dimension as well, but with a number of areas still in need of improvement. Japan is tightening some of its environmental policies, yet it continues to be penalized by a high level of CO2 emissions and shows some signs of water stress Sweden has the highest youth unemployment rate within the Nordic group, which results in its relatively weaker position within the Nordics on the social sustainability pillar. Nonetheless, Sweden remains a country with notable social protection and is one of the least unequal societies in the world. In terms of environmental sustainability, it adopts effective regulations and manages to control air pollution, but it is depleting its fish stocks and its forests have diminished over the last decade, two areas that may require policy attention Norway attains the strongest social sustainability performance of all the countries in the sample this year, balancing low inequality and social protection with high mobility and low level of unemployment. On the environment side, similar to other economies in the region, Norway is making efforts to reduce its footprint on its natural capital but should manage fish stocks and forests in a more sustainable way because both are declining In the United arab emirates, low youth unemployment and wide access to basic necessities positively influence social sustainability, which therefore does not compromise its general competitiveness level In terms of environmental sustainability, severe water stress (which is partly a consequence of the country†s particular geographical positioning), pressure on fish stocks, and a high concentration of particulate matter and CO2 emissions impact its sustainability-adjusted competitiveness. In addition, the country is signatory to fewer international environmental treaties than most other economies  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 71 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness China†s competitiveness continues to suffer from limitations resulting from low sustainability, especially as it pertains to the environment. In terms of social sustainability, China is slowly expanding access to drinking water and sanitation for the entire population but inequality is still high and the welfare system is available only to some full-time urban workers The country does not report data related to youth unemployment or vulnerable employment; these indicators cannot therefore be assessed. On the environmental sustainability side, China encounters some severe difficulties especially concerning water and air pollution. CO2 emissions have stopped increasing but they remain high, while the concentration of PM2. 5 particles signals potential health concerns related to air pollution, especially in urban areas. The country†s management of water resources is relatively unsustainable: increasing water stress and the heavy pollution of streams results in severely damaged water resources, and only a low proportion of the water withdrawn is treated before it is returned to the ecosystem. The introduction of pollution taxes has not yet delivered a significant reduction of emissions, and despite intentions to improve the situation, policy has yet to be implemented in an effective way Indonesia†s competitiveness performance declines when adjusted by sustainability. In terms of social sustainability, the most critical area remains the significant share of the population in vulnerable employment, despite a slight improvement. Additionally access to healthcare and sanitation remains low (40 percent of the population still does not have regular access to sanitation facilities. In terms of environmental sustainability, deforestation, fish stock depletion and lack of water management continue to damage Indonesia†s highly diverse ecosystem. Environmental regulations and their enforcement remain insufficient putting the invaluable natural capital of the country at risk As it faces difficulties related to sustainability especially in the environmental area, the Russian Federation attains an intermediate performance on both pillars again this year. In terms of social sustainability, the Russian Federation is characterized still by a relatively weak social safety net, high and increasing inequality and limited social mobility. All these indicators have remained constant since the last assessment. In terms of environmental sustainability, regulations are still only weakly enforced and only 21 percent of the water withdrawn is treated. This low treatment rate could be a source of water stress in the future, although today Russia is endowed with one of the largest water reserves in the world. Emissions, especially CO2 intensity, are also higher than international standards, and fish stocks are depleting. The country should better manage its natural capital to ensure prosperity in the long run South Africa†s main social problems remain its extremely high income inequality and youth unemployment, but inadequate access to healthcare and a poor social safety net are also contributing to a below par result on the social sustainability dimension In addition, the country has achieved not yet universal access to sanitation. From an environmental point of view, South africa is not protecting its rich biodiversity enough: it protects only a few areas, has little wastewater treatment, and is depleting its fish stocks. In addition CO2 emissions are at the level of more industrialized economies. On a positive note, it seems that the country has made progress in forest stewardship Brazil†s results on sustainable competitiveness remain substantially in line with its GCI score. In terms of social sustainability, inequality is still very high and despite some positive developments, the country is still characterized by its population†s limited access to the healthcare system and the social safety net. However these factors are compensated partially by its low youth unemployment and almost universal access to improved drinking water. From the environmental point of view deforestation†despite efforts from the government such as the creation of the Real time Deforestation Detection System†and a lack of water treatment remain significant issues. On a positive note, despite the negative effect of deforestation on greenhouse gas emissions, the overall carbon intensity level and particulate matter concentration are lower than in countries at a similar stage of development. In addition, an abundance of water puts little stress on water availability. But the adoption of tighter environmental regulations is needed to make sure that Brazil†s rich natural capital is managed responsibly and will remain an asset for future generations Mexico†s competitiveness is also not entirely sustainable, especially from the environmental point of view, where there are several penalizing factors: the enforcement of its regulations is rather lax, and perhaps partially explains the country†s low performance on most of the dimensions: management of water resources fish stocks, forestry, and carbon intensity. Only 37 percent of the wastewater is treated, adding pressure to the country†s water supply. Looking at Mexico†s social sustainability performance, its low youth unemployment and widespread access to water and sanitation offset its relatively high level of inequality, its widespread informal economy, and the limited coverage of its social safety net Colombia†s competitiveness is reduced again this year once sustainability is taken into account. Although overall poverty has been declining for decades, the country†s social sustainability is still weak: access to healthcare services is limited and Colombia does not yet have integrated an social safety net, which exposes a large fraction of the population in vulnerable  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 72 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 employment to poverty risk. The existence of some social programs and the Family Welfare Institute has not so far been able to provide a structure that sufficiently supports disadvantaged individuals. The difficult economic situation of many households hinders social mobility, which reinforces persistent income inequality In terms of environmental sustainability, Colombia should better defend its vast and biologically diverse natural capital endowment. The country has managed to institute several protected areas and can count on remarkable water reserves. However, its enforcement of environmental regulations remains weak and its treatment of the water used is limited. Deforestation also continues to represent a problematic issue. Forest is cleared mainly because of illegal logging, agriculture mining operations, and the construction of infrastructure and housing. Balancing economic development and sustainability is particularly challenging for a country whose surface area is covered 50 percent by forests yet preserving its natural heritage and managing its forests sustainably would bring benefits for Colombia†s competitiveness in the long run Vietnam†s GCI performance is weakened again once sustainability measures are considered. In terms of social sustainability, the country†s main challenges are the insufficient coverage of its social safety nets in the context of large segments of its population living with vulnerable employment and low social mobility. In the environmental domain, difficulties are even more worrisome in some areas. Regulations are assessed still as lax and not well enforced, and the country†s level of commitment to international treaties remains low Vietnam†s recent industrialization combined with its limited environmental norms is having a strong negative impact on the environment, including air and water pollution, where only a negligible fraction of the water used is treated India†s competitiveness is reduced also when sustainability is taken into account. Social sustainability is hindered mainly by the population†s very uneven access to sanitation (still only 36 percent of Indians have access to these basic services) and high rates of vulnerable employment. To a lesser extent, its large informal economy and its lack of a universal social safety net show that India remains largely a poor country that is developing with large disparities within its society. India†s environmental performance is also below par because the country†s natural assets are depleting, despite some efforts in tightening environmental regulations since the adoption of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981.43 Air quality has improved slightly this year but concentrations of particulate matter and carbon intensity are still very high: this is the case especially in the main urban centers, which are ranked among the 50 most polluted cities worldwide. In addition, the limited treatment of wastewater is increasing pressure on India†s water tables, and limited protected areas are wearing down the assessment of the quality of the natural environment. Although on some issues the authorities are working to improve the situation, little action has been taken on specific but significant areas of environmental management. For example, in 2011, the Indian Supreme court refused to ban asbestos, which is recognized internationally as toxic and banned in almost all developed countries. Also, enforcement of its regulations is often ineffective, especially when it comes to improving water quality†a lack that is still having an effect on child mortality. 44 Kenya†s sustainable competitiveness is weakened primarily by the social dimension of sustainability, while environmental sustainability is not presently affecting the country†s overall sustainability-adjusted score. Kenya has made only slight progress in expanding access to improved drinking water, healthcare services, and sanitation facilities. Youth unemployment has increased and inequality remains relatively high. In terms of environmental sustainability, however, Kenya has been sensitive to the loss of biodiversity that accompanies its socioeconomic development and the government has adopted measures to protect the environment with a relatively strict regulatory framework, a strong commitment to international treaties, the creation of protected land areas, and the adoption of a national environment policy. Yet protection of forests and habitats remains an issue, with logging related to timber production and agriculture reducing the stock of forests faster than their natural regenerative capacity Furthermore, water treatment practices are rare and fish stocks are depleting Although Ghana is one of the most developed countries in the region, the social sustainability pillar assessment unveils persistent gaps in access to improved sanitation, and large portions of the population work in vulnerable jobs or in the informal economy and do not have access to social security. In terms of environmental sustainability, Ghana†s performance is somewhat more balanced but some concerns remain Deforestation is continuing to deplete the country†s natural resources at a rapid rate: on average, almost 5 percent of the forest cover is lost each year. In addition to logging, commercial agriculture is clearing land by burning and cutting wooded areas, damaging the country†s forest cover. Water withdrawn is almost never treated, resulting in further polluting streams and aquifers. In addition, environmental regulations are not very stringent and tend to be enforced somewhat poorly More efficient resource management would enable Ghana to preserve its natural wealth and improve the living conditions of its citizens Senegal†s main areas of vulnerability are related to social sustainability. Although slightly improving this year, access to improved sanitation is limited (this is  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 73 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness available to only 52 percent of the population. Access to improved drinking water is more widely available, albeit still insufficient (74 percent. In addition, large portions of the population do not have access to healthcare services and are protected not by a social safety net. The social structure of Senegal remains somewhat less unequal than other African economies, however. Its income Gini index is 40. 3†better than that of Ghana or Kenya. The environmental sustainability pillar, despite an overall performance that is in line with the GCI, also presents some areas of concern. Overexploited fish stocks, along with air and water pollution, are again the priorities that need to be addressed to ensure sustainability Because of its level of development, it is hardly surprising that infrastructure for water treatment is also lacking The creation of several protected land areas and commitments to most of the international environment treaties are important steps that the country has recently taken toward protecting the environment. By expanding the protection of its resources, Senegal could achieve a more sustainable development path Africa†s most populated country, Nigeria, is encountering sustainability challenges especially in the social domain. Access to basic services remains very low for millions of Nigerians: only 28 percent of the population has access to basic hygiene, and less than 65 percent enjoys improved water. Similarly, safety nets and healthcare services are available only to a minority of people. These issues, typical of a developing economy may jeopardize the future competitiveness of the country as they limit the country†s human capital. On the environmental side, Nigeria†s low stage of development results in a low level of carbon intensity, and the country is currently not putting excessive stress on its water resources. However, water treatment is virtually nonexistent and could be a source of concern for future water availability that could have significant social consequences, as over 35 percent of the population uses unimproved water. Environmental regulations are also limited and not appropriately enforced, which could result in further environmental damages affecting the population CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS This chapter assesses sustainable competitiveness in 113 economies and fosters the understanding of conceptual links between productivity on the one hand and social and environmental sustainability on the other By combining social and environmental indicators with the GCI€ s results, the Forum has been able to continue its assessment of sustainable competitiveness at the national level and to contribute to creating a policy space for both dimensions of sustainability in relation to competitiveness. This analysis continues to support the important finding that there is no necessary trade -off between being competitive and being sustainable In fact, competitiveness and sustainability can work in complementary ways and holistic policies can have a positive effect on both in the long term As environmental and social tipping points become more palpable, economies that have been investing and planning for the long run, balancing economic progress with social inclusion and good and effective environmental stewardship, will be in a better position to maintain high prosperity for their citizens, even in presence of external shocks. Given the complexity of the issue at hand and important gaps in data, it must be remembered that this is a work in progress and that conclusions regarding countries†performance in terms of sustainable competitiveness can only be indicative We find that progress varies across different areas of sustainability. Five consecutive years of low growth in advanced economies and the more recent slowdown in emerging markets create a climate of lack of opportunities, which is reflected in growing concerns about the social dimension. This makes the inclusiveness of the growth process an increasingly topical and timely issue Public interest in environmental issues†with the exception of climate change†is higher than it was decades ago, although it seems less strong than it had been before the crisis. At the same time, firms are now more actively transitioning toward more sustainable practices. Overall, it is increasingly urgent that more tangible results on enhancing environmental sustainability are achieved The World Economic Forum will continue to serve the international community by providing a neutral multi -stakeholder platform to advance the understanding and analysis of this important concept. The Forum will also continue to work at the frontier of sustainability measurement to fully assess progress in national policies. Recognizing that multi-stakeholder collaboration is vital for creating the confidence necessary to undertake the investments to build more sustainable economies, we hope that this assessment will provide the basis for public-private dialogue on how to make economies environmentally and socially more sustainable for the benefit of present and future generations NOTES 1 Beitz 2009 2 Brian Baxter wrote an introduction to ecologism in a book by that name in 2000. See Baxter 2000 3 For example, asbestos has been banned in many countries following the 1992 Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The European union banned leaded gasoline in 2000, and restricted the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment in 2003 4 See, for example, Singh and Dhumale 2000; for the change in labor shares, see Neiman and Karabarbounis 2013  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 74 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 5 Capital in the Twenty-first Century. The central idea of the analysis by Piketty is that only when the growth rate is higher than the return to capital will the benefits of growth lead to widespread prosperity. When the relationship flips, inequality would surge. See Piketty 2014 6 In addition, the slow growth experienced recently in advanced economies has revived concerns about â€oesecular stagnation, †with Lawrence Summers envisaging that even before the financial crisis a trend of low aggregate demand had begun in the United states 7 For examples, see Acemoclu and Robinson 2006 and Avent 2014 8 This definition is from the World Commission on Environment and Development†s (the Brundtland Commission†s) report Our Common Future. This report is commonly known as â€oethe Brundtland Report. †9 For an example of a company†s awareness of sustainability and reputational risk, see http://www. scjohnson. com/en/commitment /focus on/greengauge. aspx 10 As reported by nongovernmental organizations, such as the Carbon Disclosure Project; see https://www. cdp. net/en-US /Pages/Homepage. aspx 11 For information about the Principles for Responsible Investment see http://www. unpri. org /12 Bughin et al. 2010 13 Luenberger 1995 14 CDP and WWF-US 2013 15 Parry et al. 2014 16 CBO 2013 17 The Economist 2014 18 See, for example, UNEP 1997 for an analysis of the link between climate change and exceptional natural events 19 WHO 2014 20 Zivin and Neidell 2011 21 Information on the Convention on Biological Diversity is available at https://www. cbd. int/development /22 See Rockstrã m 2009 23 UNEP 2011 24 Stiglitz et al. 2009 25 For an overview on the income inequality problem, see OECD 2011; Mankiw 2013; and Stiglitz 2012 26 See for example Alesina and Rodrik 1994; Persson and Tabellini 1994 27 See for example Deininger and Squire 1996 28 Carvalho and Rezai 2013 29 OECD 2012 30 See Raleigh and Urdal 2009 for further discussion of this topic 31 UNCTAD 2011b 32 See http://www. fao. org/economic/ess/ess-fs/ess-fadata/en /#U9jpppmsxfe for the United nations Food and Agriculture Organization statistics 33 See Bäthge 2010 for further discussion of climate change and women†s empowerment 34 See Stiglitz et al. 2009; the European Commission†s Europe 2020 growth strategy, available at http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020 /index en. htm; the OECD€ s Better Life Index, available at http //www. oecdbetterlifeindex. org/;/and UNDP 2011 35 The World Bank†s Worldwide Governance Indicators Framework is available at http://info. worldbank. org/governance/wgi/index. asp Information about the Decent Work initiative is available at http //www. ilo. org/integration/themes/mdw/lang--en/index. htm 36 For more information on the EPI, see http://www. epi. yale. edu /37 See http://www. footprintnetwork. org/en/index. php/GFN/page /methodology/for information about information about the Global Footprint Network 38 Information about the Global Adaptation Index is available at http://index. gain. org /39 The lack of some additional indicators, especially in the social sustainability dimension, constrains the model and does not allow for a comprehensive measurement of sustainability. For example Germany performs well on the social sustainability pillar despite an existing trend of decreasing wages in Germany where, according to the Federal Employment agency, over the past four years the number of individuals who require state support to get by despite full-or part-time jobs has increased steadily. Similarly, in Italy the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) disseminates the relative and absolute poverty estimations for households in the country, based on 2012 Households Budget Survey data. In 2012 the relative poverty incidence was equal to 12.7 percent, whereas the absolute poverty rate was 6. 8 percent. These dimensions although measured at country level in advanced economies, are not measured worldwide. Additionally, because poverty thresholds change from country to country, it is difficult to establish a cross -country comparison. 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Cambridge, MA National Bureau of Economic Research  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 78 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Appendix A Calculation of the sustainability-adjusted GCI As described in the text, the two areas of sustainability†social and environmental†are treated as independent adjustments to each country†s performance in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI. The adjustment is calculated according to the following steps AGGREGATION In the first step, the individual indicators in each area are normalized on a 1-to-7 scale and aggregated by averaging the normalized scores, such that a social sustainability score and an environmental sustainability score are calculated for each country In the second step, these scores are normalized again on a 0. 8-to-1. 2 scale, a which is based on the distribution of each of the two sustainability components The purpose of this methodology is to reward the countries attaining a relatively good performance on the two sustainability components while penalizing those that register a poor performance. Applying this methodology corresponds to transforming actual averages into coefficients ranging from 0. 8 to 1. 2. For example, the worst performer on the social sustainability pillar obtains a score of 0. 8 and the best performer a 1. 2 The same calculation is conducted for the environmental sustainability pillar Normalizing on a 0. 8-to-1. 2 scale and using the actual sample maximum and minimum are corroborated by the statistical distribution of the data, so as to ensure that the final data are skewed not. In the absence of empirical evidence, the selection of the impact limits 0. 8†1. 2) relies on the best judgment of the authors and is based on the assumption that countries can experience either an opportunity if they manage their resources well or a weakness if they do not The selection of this methodology is intended not to be scientific, but it represents a normative approach aimed at stimulating discussions on policy priorities and possibly stimulating scientific research in this field In the third step, the GCI score of each country is multiplied twice: once by its social sustainability coefficient and once by its environmental sustainability coefficient, to obtain two separate sustainability -adjusted GCI scores. Finally, an average of the two scores provides an overall measure of the sustainability adjustment STRUCTURE OF THE SUSTAINABILITY PILLARS The computation of the sustainability components is based on an arithmetic mean aggregation of scores from the indicator level. b Variables that are derived not from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) are identified by an asterisk *in the following pages. To make the aggregation possible, these variables are transformed into a 1-to-7 scale in order to align them with the Survey results. We apply a min-max transformation, which preserves the order of, and the relative distance between, country scores. c Indicators marked with a â€oe (log) †subscript are transformed applying the logarithm (base 10) to the raw score Social sustainability pillar S01 Income Gini index *S02 Youth unemployment *S03 Access to sanitation*d (log S04 Access to improved drinking water*d S05 Access to healthcare servicesd S06 Social safety net protection S07 Extent of informal economy S08 Social mobility S09 Vulnerable employment *Environmental sustainability pillar S10 Stringency of environmental regulations e S11 Enforcement of environmental regulations e S12 Terrestrial biome protection *S13 No. of ratified international environmental treaties *S14 Baseline water stress *S15 Wastewater treatment *S16 CO2 intensity*(log S17 Fish stocks overexploited*(log S18 Forest cover change *S19 Particulate matter (2. 5) concentration*(log S20 Quality of the natural environment NOTES a Formally we have 0. 4 x country score †sample minimum +0. 8 sample maximum †sample minimum The sample minimum and sample maximum are, respectively, the lowest and highest country scores in the sample of economies covered by the sustainability-adjusted GCI in each pillar  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 79 b Formally, for a category i composed of K indicators, we have categoryi K ï =1 indicatork K ï Formally, we have 6 x country score †sample minimum +1 (sample maximum †sample minimum The sample minimum and sample maximum are, respectively, the lowest and highest country scores in the sample of economies covered by the sustainability-adjusted GCI. In some instances adjustments were made to account for extreme outliers. For those indicators for which a higher value indicates a worse outcome e g.,, CO2 emission, income Gini index), the transformation formula takes the following form, thus ensuring that 1 and 7 still corresponds to the worst and best possible outcomes, best possible outcomes, respectively †6 x country score †sample minimum +7 sample maximum †sample minimum d Variables S03, S04, and S05 are combined to form one single variable e Variables S10 and S11 are combined to form one single variable  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 80 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 The data in this Report represent the best available estimates from various national authorities, international agencies, and private sources at the time the Report was prepared. It is possible that some data will have been revised or updated by the sources after publication Throughout the Report, n/a denotes that the value is not available or that the available data are unreasonably outdated or do not come from a reliable source For each indicator, the title appears on the first line preceded by its number to allow for quick reference. The numbering is the same as the one used in Appendix A Below is a description of each indicator or, in the case of Executive Opinion Survey data, the full question and associated answers. If necessary, additional information is provided underneath S01 Income Gini index Measure of income inequality 0=perfect equality; 100 =perfect inequality 2010 or most recent This indicator measures the extent to which the distribution of income among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality Sources: World bank, World Development Indicators Online retrieved June 20, 2014; African Economic Outlook online statistics (retrieved March 21, 2014; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Society at a Glance 2014; US Central intelligence agency (CIA), The World Factbook retrieved March 21, 2014; Eurostat, online statistics (retrieved March 21, 2014; national sources S02 Youth unemployment Percent of total unemployed youth to total labor force aged 15†24 2012 or most recent Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force aged 15†24 without work but available for and seeking employment Sources: International labor organization, ILOSTAT database available at http://www. ilo. org/ilostat/faces/home/statisticaldata /bulk-download? adf. ctrl-state=t48e83vhx 4&clean=true& afrloop=76512585054249 (retrieved March 27, 2014; World Bank, World Development Indicators Online (retrieved June 20 2014); ) national sources S03 Access to sanitation Percent of total population using improved sanitation facilities 2012 or most recent Share of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained Source: World health organization, World Health Statistics 2014 available at http://apps. who. int/gho/data/node. main. 606? lang=en retrieved June 27, 2014 S04 Access to improved drinking water Percentage of population with access to improved drinking water 2012 or most recent Share of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters per person per day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling Source: World health organization, World Health Statistics 2014 available at http://apps. who. int/gho/data/node. main. 606? lang=en retrieved June 27, 2014 S05 Access to healthcare services How accessible is healthcare in your country? 1=limited†only the privileged have access; 7=universal†all citizens have access to healthcare 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report S06 Social safety net protection In your country, to what extent does a formal social safety net provide protection for the general population from economic insecurity in the event of job loss or disability? 1=not at all; 7 =provides full protection 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report S07 Extent of informal economy In your country, how much economic activity would you estimate to be undeclared or unregistered? 1=most economic activity is undeclared or unregistered; 7=most economic activity is declared or registered 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report Appendix B Technical notes and sources for sustainability indicators  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 81 S08 Social mobility In your country, to what extent do individuals have the opportunity to improve their economic situation through their personal efforts regardless of the socioeconomic status of their parents? 1=little opportunity exists to improve one†s economic situation; 7=significant opportunity exists to improve one†s economic situation 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report S09 Vulnerable employment Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment 2012 or most recent Vulnerable employment refers to unpaid family workers and own -account workers as a percentage of total employment†that is the share of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment. A contributing family worker is a person who is self -employed in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household, and who cannot be regarded as a partner because the degree of his or her commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of the working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable with that of the head of the establishment Source: World bank, World Development Indicators Online retrieved June 20, 2014 S10 Stringency of environmental regulations How would you assess the stringency of your country†s environmental regulations? 1=very lax, among the worst in the world; 7=among the world†s most stringent 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report S11 Enforcement of environmental regulations In your country, how would you assess the enforcement of environmental regulations? 1=very lax, among the worst in the world; 7=among the world†s most rigorous 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report S12 Terrestrial biome protection Weighted average of the percentage of land area protected in each biome (weights are derived from the proportion of the national territory falling in each biome) 2012 or most recent This indicator is calculated by CIESIN (Columbia University†s Center for International Earth science Information Network) by overlaying the protected area mask on terrestrial biome data from Olson et al. 2001) for each country. A biome is defined as a major regional or global biotic community, such as a grassland or desert characterized chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate. Scores are capped at 17 percent per biome such that higher levels of protection of some biomes cannot be used to offset lower levels of protection of other biomes, hence the maximum level of protection a country can achieve is 17 percent CIESIN uses time series of the World Database on Protected Areas WDPA) developed by the United nations Environment Programme UNEP) World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) in 2011 which provides a spatial time series of protected area coverage from 1990 to 2012. The WCMC considers all nationally designated protected areas whose location and extent is known. Boundaries were defined by polygons where available, and where they were not available protected area centroids were buffered to create a circle in accordance with the protected area size. The WCMC removed all overlaps between different protected areas by dissolving the boundaries to create a protected areas mask Source: Yale Center for Environmental law & Policy (YCELP) and the Center for International Earth science Information Network CIESIN) at Columbia University, Environmental Performance Index 2014, available at http://epi. yale. edu/epi/issue-rankings S13 No. of ratified international environmental treaties Total number of ratified environmental treaties 2012 or most recent This indicator measures the total number of international treaties from a set of 25 for which a state is a participant. A state is acknowledged as a â€oeparticipant†whenever its status for each treaty appears as â€oeratified, †â€oeaccession, †or â€oein Force. †The treaties included are: the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1948 Washington; the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954 as amended in 1962 and 1969,1954 London; the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 1971 Ramsar; the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 Paris; the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 London, Mexico city, Moscow Washington; the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973 Washington; the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MARPOL) as modified by the Protocol of 1978,1978 London the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979 Bonn; the United nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 Montego Bay; the Convention on the Protection of the Ozone layer, 1985 Vienna; the Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer, 1987 Montreal; the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989 Basel; the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation 1990 London; the United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 New york; the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 Rio de janeiro; the International Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly Africa, 1994 Paris; the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 december 1982,1994 New york; the Agreement relating to the Provisions of the United nations Convention on the Law of the Sea relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, 1995 New york; the Kyoto Protocol to the United nations Framework Convention on the Climate Change, Kyoto 1997; the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure For certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, 1998 Rotterdam the Cartagena Protocol of Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000 Montreal; the Protocol on Preparedness Response and Co-operation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 London; the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 2001 Stockholm the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2001 Rome; the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006 Geneva Source: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Environmental law Centre ELIS Treaty Database  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness 82 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 S14 Baseline water stress Normalized (0†5) ratio of total annual water withdrawals to total available annual renewable supply 2010 or most recent This indicator measures total annual water withdrawals (municipal industrial, and agricultural) expressed as a percentage of the total annual available flow. It is calculated as the ratio of water withdrawal to the mean available blue water (1950†2008. In turn, water withdrawals and available blue water are estimated separately. Water withdrawal is calculated in two steps:(1 national-level withdrawals are estimated using multiple regression time series models of withdrawals as a function of GDP population, irrigated area, and electrical power production Regressions are performed separately for each sector (domestic industrial, and agricultural) and used to predict withdrawals for the current year. 2) These withdrawal estimates are then spatially disaggregated by sector based on regressions with spatial datasets. Available blue water is the sum of water flowing into the catchment from upstream catchments plus any imports of water to the catchment; upstream consumptive use plus runoff precipitation minus evaporation and change in soil moisture storage) are subtracted then. For further details about the calculation of each component, please refer to the working paper â€oeaqueduct Metadata Document, Aqueduct Global Maps 2. 0, †available at http://www. wri. org/sites/default/files/pdf/aqueduct metadata global. pdf Source: World Resources Institute, Aqueduct Country and River Basin Rankings, December 2013 edition, available at http://www wri. org/resources/data-sets/aqueduct-country-and-river-basin -rankings S15 Wastewater treatment Percentage of wastewater that receives treatment weighted by connection to wastewater treatment rate 2012 or most recent This indicator measures the percentage of wastewater that is treated before it is released back into ecosystems. The percentage of wastewater treated represents a measure of largely urban waste collection and treatment, since few rural areas are connected to sewage systems. The variable is calculated by weighting the average of the wastewater treatment rate values for the years 2000 through 2012 by the sewerage connection percentages. The original values are collated using a hierarchy of sources, selected in the following order:(1) country-level statistical data and reports;(2) values derived from the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) †s variable â€oeconnected to wastewater treatment plan without treatment†by taking the inverse of this percentage;(3) the United nations Statistics Division†s â€oepopulation connected to wastewater treatment†variable;(4) secondary treatment levels from the Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook, 14th edition, available at http //wateryearbook. pinsentmasons. com/;/and (5) FAO-AQUASTAT values (Total volume of wastewater treated/Total volume of wastewater collected) à 100 for a given year in a given country Source: Yale Center for Environmental law & Policy (YCELP) and the Center for International Earth science Information Network CIESIN) at Columbia University, Environmental Performance Index 2014, available at http://epi. yale. edu/epi/issue-rankings S16 CO2 intensity CO2 intensity (kg of CO2 per kg of oil equivalent energy use 2010 or most recent Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include CO2 produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. A logarithm transformation is applied to the ratio of these statistics in order to spread the data distribution Source: World bank, World Development Indicators database http://data. worldbank. org (retrieved June 20, 2014 S17 Fish stocks overexploited Fraction of the country†s exclusive economic zone with overexploited and collapsed stocks 2011 or most recent The Sea Around Us (SAU) project†s Stock Status Plots (SSPS are created in four steps (Kleisner and Pauly, 2011. In the first step, SAU defines a stock as a taxon (at the species, genus, or family level of taxonomic assignment) that occurs in the catch records for at least 5 consecutive years, over a minimum span of 10 years, and that has a total catch in an area of at least 1, 000 tonnes over the time span. In the second step, SAU assesses the status of the stock for every year relative to the peak catch SAU defines five states of stock status for a catch time series This definition is assigned to every taxon that meets the definition of a stock for a particular spatial area (e g.,, exclusive economic zones, or EEZS. These states are:(1) Developing†before the year of peak catch and less than 50 percent of the peak catch;(2 Exploited†before or after the year of peak catch and more than 50 percent of the peak catch;(3) Overexploited†after the year of peak catch and less than 50 percent but more than 10 percent of the peak catch;(4) Collapsed†after the year of peak catch and less than 10 percent of the peak catch; and (5) Rebuilding†after the year of peak catch and after the stock has collapsed, when catch has recovered to between 10 percent and 50 percent of the peak. In the third step, SAU graphs the number of stocks by status in a given year by tallying the number of stocks in a particular state and presenting these as percentages. In the final step, the cumulative catch of stock by status in a given year is summed over all stocks and presented as a percentage in the catch by stock status graph. The combination of these two figures represents the complete Stock Status Plot. The numbers for this indicator are taken from the overexploited and collapsed numbers of stocks over total numbers of stocks per EEZ. A logarithm transformation is applied to these statistics in order to spread the data distribution Source: Yale Center for Environmental law & Policy (YCELP) and the Center for International Earth science Information Network CIESIN) at Columbia University, Environmental Performance Index 2014, available at http://epi. yale. edu/epi/issue-rankings S18 Forest cover change Forest cover change, as compared to 2000 levels 2012 or most recent This indicator measures the percent change in forest cover between 2000 and 2012 in areas with greater than 50 percent tree cover. It factors in areas of deforestation (forest loss reforestation (forest restoration or replanting), and afforestation conversion of bare or cultivated land into forest. Hansen et al 2013) used 650,000 Landsat 7 satellite images with a resolution of 30 meters to quantify the area of forest loss. As defined in Hansen et al. 2013), trees were defined as all vegetation taller than 5 meters. Forest loss was defined as a stand replacement disturbance or the complete removal of tree cover canopy at the Landsat pixel scale. Results were disaggregated by reference percent tree cover stratum (e g.,, greater than 50 percent crown cover to approximately 0 percent crown cover) and by year Source: Yale Center for Environmental law & Policy (YCELP) and the Center for International Earth science Information Network CIESIN) at Columbia University, Environmental Performance Index 2014, available at http://epi. yale. edu/epi/issue-rankings  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 2: Assessing Progress toward Sustainable Competitiveness The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 83 S19 Particulate matter (2. 5) concentration Population-weighted exposure to PM2. 5 (micrograms per cubic meter) 2012 or most recent PM2. 5, also known as fine particulate matter, refers to particles or droplets in the air that are 2. 5 micrometers or less in width Although invisible to the naked human eye as individual particles PM2. 5 can reduce visibility and cause the air to appear hazy when its levels are elevated. This indicator is based on a model that was parameterized by data on aerosol optical depth (AOD from NASA€ s MODIS, Seawifs, MISR satellite instruments, and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. The parameterized model covered all areas south of 70 degree north latitude and north of 70 degree south latitude. Van Donkelaar et al. estimated annual global surface PM2. 5 concentrations at a 10 x 10 km spatial resolution, and then created three-year moving averages from 2000 to 2012. Population-weighted average exposure values were calculated using population data from the Global Rural Urban Mapping Project (2011) database. For additional details see Aaron van Donkelaar, January 2015 (embargoed), and http //epi. yale. edu/files/2014 epi metadata. pdf Source: Yale Center for Environmental law & Policy (YCELP) and the Center for International Earth science Information Network CIESIN) at Columbia University, Environmental Performance Index 2014, available at http://epi. yale. edu/epi/issue-rankings S20 Quality of the natural environment In your country, how would you assess the quality of the natural environment? 1=extremely poor, among the worst in the world; 7=among the world†s most pristine 2013†2014 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 85 CHAPTER 1. 3 The Executive Opinion Survey: The Voice of the Business community CIARA BROWNE ATTILIO DI BATTISTA THIERRY GEIGER TANIA GUTKNECHT World Economic Forum Since 1979 and its first report on the competitiveness of European industry, the World Economic Forum†s annual survey has been a key ingredient of its research and benchmarking activities. The Executive Opinion Survey the Survey) is the longest-running and most extensive survey of its kind. Boxâ 1 retraces the history of this instrument, which is closely related to the history of the competitiveness report series. The Survey captures the opinions of business leaders around the world on a broad range of topics for which data sources are scarce or, frequently, nonexistent on a global scale. It helps to capture aspects of a particular domain†such as the extent of the skills gap, the level of corruption, or the intensity of market competition†that are more qualitative than hard data can provide. Thus it is an indispensable complement to the sources of data made available by international organizations and national statistical offices The indicators derived from the Survey are used in the calculation of the Global Competitiveness Index GCI) and other Forum indexes, including the Networked Readiness Index, the Enabling Trade Index, the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index, and the Gender Gap Index, as well as in a number of regional studies A truly unique source of data, the Survey has also long been used by a number of international and nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, and academia for empirical and policy work. For example Transparency International has been using the Survey data for the elaboration of their Corruption Perceptions Index and the Bribe Payers Index. Institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World bank, and the International monetary fund (IMF) also refer to the Forum†s Survey data in their publications, as do a number of academic publications. Finally, an increasing number of countries publish national competitiveness reports that draw on or refer to the Survey data THE SURVEY IN NUMBERS The 2014 edition of the Survey captured the opinions of over 14,000 business leaders in 148 economies between February and June 2014; because of data issues out of the 148 economies surveyed, 144 are included in the GCI this year (please see the data treatment section below for further details. Figureâ 1 presents some key descriptive statistics. The Survey is available in 42 languages, of which 20 are available online (see Tableâ 1). This year almost 40 percent of respondents took the Survey online. In 22 economies the Survey was administered entirely online, while in a further 16 over 90 percent of respondents completed the Survey online (see Tableâ 2 for statistics about the administration approach Geographic coverage Following a year of non-inclusion, Tajikistan is reinstated in the 2014 edition; however, no new economy is added  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 86 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Table 1: The 42 languages in which the 2014 Survey was available Albanian Arabic *Armenian Azeri Bosnian Brazilian Portuguese Bulgarian Burmese Chinese *Croatian *Czech *Danish Estonian *English *French *German *Greek *Hebrew *Hungarian *Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Latvian *Lithuanian *Macedonian Mongolian Montenegrin Persian *Polish *Portuguese *Romanian Russian *Serbian Slovak *Slovenian Spanish *Thai Turkish *Urdu Vietnamese *Language also available in the online Survey tool (20 languages 148 economies surveyed Minimum 32: Swaziland, Israel Maximum 369: United states 362: China 3 largest samples 340: Mexico 1st quartile 67 3rd quartile 100 Average 92.8 Median 87 Share of world GDP€ â Survey coverage*(98.7 %â Rest of the world (1. 3 %Administration method â Online (39.1 %â Other method (60.9 %144 economies with enough valid responses *14,091 surveys collected NUMBER OF ECONOMIES NUMBER OF SURVEYS Collected 13,264 surveys retained *SAMPLE SIZE number of valid surveys by economy Figure 1: Descriptive statistics of the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 Source: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook database, April 2014 edition Note: Not all charts are drawn to scale *Following data treatment. See text for details †Based on purchasing power parity estimates  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 87 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey this year. The Survey was completed not to minimum requirements in Benin, Brunei Darussalam, or Liberia and therefore those countries could not be included this year. Furthermore, Bosnia and herzegovina and Ecuador are included not in this edition of the Report because of data quality concerns (see â€oetrend analysis and exceptions†below for more detail. The Forum†s Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network continues its efforts to increase country coverage year on year SURVEY STRUCTURE, ADMINISTRATION, AND METHODOLOGY The Survey is divided into 14 sections I. About Your Company II. Overall Perceptions of Your Economy III. Infrastructure IV. Innovation and Technology Infrastructure V. Financial Environment VI. Foreign Trade and Investment VII. Domestic Competition VIII. Company Operations and Strategy IX. Government and Public Institutions X. Education and Human Capital XI. Corruption, Ethics and Social Responsibility XII. Travel & Tourism XIII. Environment XIV. Health Most questions in the Survey ask respondents to evaluate, on a scale of 1 to 7, one particular aspect of their operating environment. At one end of the scale, 1 represents the worst possible situation; at the other end of the scale, 7 represents the best (see Boxâ 2 for an example The administration of the Survey could not be carried out without the network of over 160 Partner Institutes worldwide. Partner Institutes are recognized research or academic institutes, business organizations national competitiveness councils, or other established professional entities and, in some cases, survey consultancies, that have the network and capacity to reach out to the business community, are reputable organizations, and have a firm commitment to improving the competitiveness conditions of their economies. The full list of Partner Institutes can be found at the beginning of this Report. 1 In administering the Survey, Partner Institutes are asked to follow detailed sampling guidelines to ensure that the sample of respondents is the most representative possible and is comparable across the globe and in a specific timeframe. The sampling guidelines have evolved over time and are based on best practices in the field of survey administration and on discussions with survey experts. The Survey sampling guidelines specify that the Partner Institute build a â€oesample frame††that is, a list of potential business executives from small-and medium-sized enterprises and large companies†from the various Figure 2: Country/economy coverage of the Executive Opinion Survey n Previous coverage n 2014 additions  2014 World Economic Forum First component*Second component: 2014 edition *Country/Economy Survey edition No. of respondents Weight(%)No. of respondents Online(%)Weight %*Albania 2013 81 45.3 79 †54.7 Algeria 2013 65 40.1 97 †59.9 Angola 2013 35 41.3 47 †58.7 Argentina 2013 122 47.0 104 100.0 53.0 Armenia 2013 76 45.0 76 5. 3 55.0 Australia 2013 57 43.2 66 100.0 56.8 Austria 2013 99 49.1 71 43.7 50.9 Azerbaijan 2013 85 44.6 88 †55.4 Bahrain 2013 41 42.3 51 92.2 57.7 Bangladesh 2013 71 44.1 76 1. 3 55.9 Barbados 2013 51 45.8 48 87.5 54.2 Belgium 2013 86 48.7 64 100.0 51.3 Bhutan 2013 85 46.9 73 †53.1 Bolivia 2013 74 40.1 110 100.0 59.9 Botswana 2013 87 40.7 123 26.8 59.3 Brazil 2013 98 43.1 114 98.2 56.9 Bulgaria 2013 81 41.9 104 †58.1 Burkina faso 2013 57 50.6 36 †49.4 Burundi 2013 110 47.0 94 †53.0 Cambodia 2013 93 47.0 79 †53.0 Cameroon 2013 81 44.8 82 †55.2 Canada 2013 133 51.4 79 96.2 48.6 Cape verde 2013 80 44.4 84 9. 5 55.6 Chad 2013 102 50.0 68 †50.0 Chile 2013 130 43.8 143 51.7 56.2 Colombia 2013 204 47.9 162 59.9 52.1 Costa rica 2013 110 52.5 59 98.3 47.5 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 2013 81 45.8 76 †54.2 Croatia 2013 80 44.7 82 2. 4 55.3 Cyprus 2013 63 47.4 52 †52.6 Czech republic 2013 50 39.7 77 100.0 60.3 Denmark 2013 173 53.0 89 1. 1 47.0 Dominican republic 2013 56 43.7 62 †56.3 Timor-Leste 2013 34 43.0 40 †57.0 Egypt 2013 60 38.8 100 †61.3 El salvador 2013 44 43.7 49 100.0 56.3 Estonia 2013 92 45.4 89 100.0 54.6 Ethiopia 2013 98 44.7 100 †55.3 Finland 2013 40 42.5 49 100.0 57.5 Macedonia, FYR 2013 82 45.6 78 †54.4 France 2013 80 35.2 184 80.4 64.8 Gabon 2013 59 49.8 40 20.0 50.2 Gambia, The 2013 76 43.6 85 †56.4 Georgia 2013 74 49.6 51 98.0 50.4 Germany 2013 170 51.6 99 89.9 48.4 Ghana 2013 70 41.5 93 4. 3 58.5 Greece 2013 91 45.9 85 91.8 54.1 Guatemala 2013 86 45.4 83 1. 2 54.6 Guinea 2013 56 40.9 78 †59.1 Guyana 2013 92 47.9 73 †52.1 Haiti 2013 117 57.5 39 †42.5 Honduras 2013 55 36.9 108 †63.1 Hong kong SAR 2013 60 44.4 63 65.1 55.6 Hungary 2013 88 43.5 99 82.8 56.5 Iceland 2013 91 45.9 85 100.0 54.1 India 2013 85 34.4 211 0. 9 65.6 Indonesia 2013 87 44.6 90 †55.4 Iran, Islamic Rep. 2013 121 42.2 152 100.0 57.8 Ireland 2013 55 45.7 52 100.0 54.3 Israel 2013 60 52.6 32 100.0 47.4 Italy 2013 85 44.7 87 1. 1 55.3 Jamaica 2013 61 49.9 41 †50.1 Japan 2013 115 52.1 64 6. 3 47.9 Jordan†2012 156 48.6 117 †51.4 Kazakhstan 2013 107 43.2 124 10.5 56.8 Kenya 2013 100 43.5 113 †56.5 Kuwait 2013 36 43.1 42 19.0 56.9 Kyrgyz Republic 2013 101 45.5 97 †54.5 Lao PDR 2013 62 42.3 77 †57.7 Latvia 2013 97 47.2 81 100.0 52.8 Lebanon 2013 39 44.7 40 97.5 55.3 Lesotho 2013 97 46.6 85 †53.4 Libya 2013 63 50.6 40 15.0 49.4 Table 2: Executive Opinion Survey: Descriptive statistics and weightings Cont†d 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 88 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum Table 2: Executive Opinion Survey: Descriptive statistics and weightings (cont†d First component*Second component: 2014 edition *Country/Economy Survey edition No. of respondents Weight(%)No. of respondents Online(%)Weight %*Lithuania 2013 141 44.6 146 60.3 55.4 Luxembourg 2013 57 42.6 69 100.0 57.4 Madagascar 2013 157 50.7 99 †49.3 Malawi 2013 55 44.3 58 22.4 55.7 Malaysia 2013 106 46.2 96 43.8 53.8 Mali 2013 94 46.3 85 †53.7 Malta 2013 42 42.3 52 82.7 57.7 Mauritania 2013 88 43.7 98 †56.3 Mauritius 2013 77 48.9 56 96.4 51.1 Mexico 2013 320 44.2 340 97.1 55.8 Moldova 2013 122 43.8 134 †56.2 Mongolia 2013 86 45.7 81 †54.3 Morocco 2013 82 51.8 47 80.9 48.2 Mozambique 2013 87 42.4 107 0. 9 57.6 Myanmar 2013 79 43.9 86 1. 2 56.1 Namibia 2013 79 45.3 77 †54.7 Nepal 2013 93 46.3 84 1. 2 53.7 Netherlands 2013 87 44.9 88 97.7 55.1 New zealand 2013 37 43.7 41 100.0 56.3 Nicaragua 2013 69 52.9 36 91.7 47.1 Nigeria 2013 109 45.3 106 1. 9 54.7 Norway 2013 68 42.1 86 100.0 57.9 Oman†2012 78 42.5 95 31.6 57.5 Pakistan 2013 130 54.9 56 21.4 45.1 Panama 2013 130 44.9 131 38.9 55.1 Paraguay 2013 58 44.8 59 †55.2 China 2013 364 45.1 362 0. 3 54.9 Peru 2013 79 44.1 85 42.4 55.9 Philippines 2013 95 42.1 120 †57.9 Poland 2013 208 45.5 200 98.0 54.5 Portugal 2013 100 40.8 140 76.4 59.2 Puerto rico 2013 57 46.4 51 100.0 53.6 Qatar 2013 106 45.4 103 5. 8 54.6 Korea, Rep. 2013 81 42.4 100 †57.6 Montenegro 2013 78 42.5 95 †57.5 Serbia 2013 100 45.0 100 †55.0 Romania 2013 103 49.4 72 †50.6 Russian Federation 2013 294 45.8 276 0. 4 54.2 Rwanda‡2013 81 100.0 n/a n/a n/a Saudi arabia 2013 139 41.7 181 72.4 58.3 Senegal 2013 98 44.7 100 †55.3 Seychelles 2013 31 36.5 63 †63.5 Sierra leone 2013 99 45.9 92 †54.1 Singapore 2013 150 44.0 163 60.7 56.0 Slovak Republic 2013 114 48.6 85 84.7 51.4 Slovenia 2013 98 46.9 84 1. 2 53.1 South africa 2013 47 42.4 58 96.6 57.6 Spain 2013 84 46.3 76 75.0 53.8 Sri lanka 2013 100 45.4 97 †54.6 Suriname 2013 50 49.1 36 100.0 50.9 Swaziland 2013 32 45.0 32 31.3 55.0 Sweden 2013 45 41.0 62 98.4 59.0 Switzerland 2013 71 44.7 73 100.0 55.3 Taiwan, China 2013 71 43.1 83 37.3 56.9 Tajikistan‡‡†††97 †100.0 Tanzania 2013 92 44.5 96 †55.5 Thailand 2013 86 43.0 101 99.0 57.0 Trinidad and tobago 2013 132 42.2 165 99.4 57.8 Tunisia 2013 84 44.9 85 76.5 55.1 Turkey 2013 94 45.8 88 47.7 54.2 Uganda 2013 93 45.4 90 †54.6 Ukraine 2013 108 45.4 105 1. 0 54.6 United Arab Emirates†2012 169 45.9 157 21.0 54.1 United kingdom 2013 118 49.9 79 100.0 50.1 United states 2013 598 50.9 369 100.0 49.1 Uruguay 2013 92 44.1 99 46.5 55.9 Venezuela 2013 54 48.7 40 100.0 51.3 Vietnam 2013 109 46.7 95 7. 4 53.3 Yemen 2013 72 48.8 53 †51.2 Zambia 2013 85 48.0 67 †52.0 Zimbabwe 2013 57 47.7 46 56.5 52.3 Grand total/average 13,264 39.1 Notes: Bold typeface identifies economies where the Survey was conducted entirely online. All statistics were computed following the edition of the data. See text for details Survey edition (s) used for the computation of economy scores: †2012 and 2014; ‡2013; ‡‡2014. See Box 2 for details about exceptions *Weight applied to the country score in that edition of the Survey. See Box 4 for details The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 89 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 90 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 administered in a variety of formats, including face-to -face or telephone interviews with business executives mailed paper forms, and online surveys. For energy time, and cost considerations, the Forum encourages the use of the online survey tool. However, deciding which of these differing methodologies to use may be based on the particular country†s infrastructure, distance between cities, cultural preferences, and other such issues The Partner Institutes also play an active and essential role in disseminating the findings of The Global Competitiveness Report and other reports published by The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network by holding press events and workshops to highlight the results at the national level to the business community the public sector, and other stakeholders Striving for excellence The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network has, over the years, always given great importance to reflecting the newest thinking in matters of development and measurement of economic growth as well as to applying surveying best practices. To this end, it has sectors of activity, as detailed below. It then applies a dual stratification procedure based on these two criteria of company size and sector. Specifically, the Partner Institutes are asked to carry out the following steps 1. Prepare a â€oesample frame, †or large list of potential respondents, which includes firms representing the main sectors of the economy (agriculture manufacturing industry, non-manufacturing industry, and services 2. Separate the frame into two lists: one that includes only large firms, and a second list that includes all other firms (both lists representing the various economic sectors. 2 3. Based on these lists, and in view of reducing survey bias, choose a random selection of these firms from both lists to receive the Survey Furthermore, the sampling guidelines specify that the Partner Institute should aim to collect a combination of random respondents with some repeat respondents for further comparative analysis. 3 The Survey is Box 1: A brief history of the Executive Opinion Survey and The Global Competitiveness Report The Global Competitiveness Report began as a research project by Professor Klaus Schwab in 1979. The report entitled The Competitiveness of European Industry, would later become the annual Global Competitiveness Report This first report was an analysis of the competitiveness of 16 European countries. The study was based on Schwab†s innovative concept of competitiveness, which extended beyond the traditional notion of labor and capital productivity Competitiveness, in that early report, was defined as the ability of one enterprise to do as well as, or outperform another company or group of companies while taking into account the framework conditions in the country That year, of the 200 indicators selected for the Forum†s first competitiveness index, 50 were derived from a survey The survey was mailed out in English, French, and German to potential respondents throughout Europe, mainly Chief Executive or Chief Planning Officers of European companies Managing directors of subsidiaries of US companies operating in these 16 countries, leading representatives of industrial and employers†associations, labor unions economic and social institutes; university faculties of economics or business administration; and the economic media. Median values were calculated for each question and by country. In parallel, Forum researchers visited statistical offices and ministries in order to gather relevant quantitative data. The report was finalized in November 1979. The Forum†s work on competitiveness and its various indexes has therefore been including a mix of proprietary survey data and statistics from international organizations since its very inception The report was the first attempt to support policymakers and business leaders in their efforts to formulate improved economic policies and institutional reforms. In the minds of its authors, â€oean undertaking of this dimension can never be perfect, certainly not in its first publication. It will be enriched, in the future, by the comments and suggestions of its readers. †1 Thirty-five years later, as envisioned by Professor Schwab The Global Competitiveness Report has grown to cover over 140 economies to assess the key drivers of development. The methodology underpinning the analysis has been improved over the years in order to reflect the newest thinking in matters of economic growth. Since 2005, the Global Competitiveness Index has provided the methodology used to conduct the assessment. This evolution has been achieved while keeping true to the original objective of supporting policymakers and business leaders in their efforts to formulate improved economic policies and institutional reforms In parallel to this development of the index, the original survey has evolved and is today known as the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey. Over the years, it has undergone a number of revisions and audits, which have enabled an improved administration process and methodology. The Survey has grown in scope, too. It now includes over 140 questions distributed in 14 sections. And it largely influences the coverage of the Forum†s global indexes: in most cases an economy not included in the Survey cannot be covered by an index Note 1 European Management Forum 1979  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 91 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey undertaken two audits since 2008 as well as yearly reviews of both the Index and the Survey An initial external audit by a team of survey experts from Gallup was performed in 2008. Four years after implementing the recommendations from the first audit a second audit was conducted in 2012 by Gallup. During this second audit, the Survey instrument, the sampling guidelines, and the administration process underwent a thorough review. The review took a twofold approach analyzing the recommendations and their impact on the process as well as keeping up to date on best practices in the field of surveying. Overall, the outcome of the review regarding the implementation of the 2008 recommendations was commendable; the review determined that the Executive Opinion Survey process followed best practices and made the improvements noted in both the Survey tool and translations as well as in sampling quality. Boxâ 3 presents some statistics about the Survey†s demographics and reveals that the sample of respondents is very diverse The 2012 audit addressed an important aspect related to the impact of national culture†the so-called cultural bias†that may impact interviewee responses The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network recognizes this as a possibility; nonetheless following international best practices and upon Gallup†s recommendation, the Forum decided not to re -weight the data using vignettes because of the limited effectiveness of such a procedure and to prevent introducing additional noise into the data that occurs with such an approach In the context of the GCI revision (see Chapter 1. 1 the Survey will undergo a full review in the Fall of 2014 Along with updating some questions, following expert recommendations, the Survey will be shortened and its terminology simplified With such ongoing efforts in the realm of survey administration best practice, the Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network team continues to improve processes to achieve greater data accuracy and heightened comparability across economies DATA TREATMENT AND SCORE COMPUTATION This section details the process whereby individual responses are edited and aggregated in order to produce the scores of each economy on each individual question of the Survey. These results, together with other indicators obtained from other sources, feed into the GCI and other research projects. 4 Data editing Prior to aggregation, the respondent-level data are subjected to a thorough editing process. A first series of tests is run to identify and exclude those surveys whose patterns of answers demonstrate a lack of sufficient focus on the part of the respondents. Surveys with a completion rate inferior to 50 percent are excluded. 5 Surveys with straight answers (e g.,, only 4s or only 1s are excluded also. The very few cases of duplicate surveys†which can occur, for example, when a survey is both completed online and mailed in†are excluded also in this phase In a second step, a multivariate test is applied to the data using the Mahalanobis distance method. This test estimates the probability that an individual survey in a specific country â€oebelongs†to the sample of that country by comparing the pattern of answers of that survey against the average pattern of answers in the country sample More specifically, the Mahalonobis distance test estimates the likelihood that one particular point of N dimensions belongs to a set of such points. One single survey made up of N answers can be viewed as the point of N dimensions, while a particular country sample c is the set of points. The Mahalanobis distance is used to compute the probability that any individual survey i does not belong to the sample c . If the probability is high enough†we use 99.9 percent as the threshold†we conclude that the survey is a clear outlier and does not â€oebelong†to the sample. The implementation of this test requires that the number of responses in a country be greater than the number of answers, N, used in the test The test uses 52 questions, selected by their relevance and placement in the Survey instrument A univariate outlier test is applied then at the country level for each question of each survey. We use Box 2: Example of a typical Survey question In your country, how strong is the protection of intellectual property, including anti-counterfeiting measures Extremely weak<1 2 3 4 5 6 7>Extremely strong Circling 1...means you agree completely with the answer on the left-hand side Circling 2...means you largely agree with the left -hand side Circling 3...means you somewhat agree with the left -hand side Circling 4...means your opinion is indifferent between the two answers Circling 5...means you somewhat agree with the right -hand side Circling 6...means you largely agree with the right-hand side Circling 7...means you agree completely with the answer on the right-hand side  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 92 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Box 3: Insights from the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 The respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey largely reflect the characteristics and diversity of the economic fabric of the countries covered. They also demonstrate the efforts undertaken by the Partner Institutes to follow the sampling guidelines. Figure 1 presents selected statistics about the Survey†s demographics Because small-and medium-sized enterprises SMES) account for a large share of economic activities in most countries, the Survey aims to collect the opinion of executives from those smaller companies (Figure 1a Indeed, small enterprises, defined here as those with fewer than 50 employees, account for 27 percent of the sample in Advanced Economies and Emerging and Developing Asia and for 48 percent in Sub-saharan africa, also reflecting the respective economic structure of these regions. The Partner Institutes are asked to collect a mix of SMES and large companies The Survey also aims to capture the diversity of companies in terms of ownership (Figure 1b. On average 19 percent of the surveyed companies†equity is owned by foreigners (as either minority or majority shareholders Further, the Survey sampling also aims to ensure the coverage of a variety of non-exporting and exporting companies (Figure 1c. Regular exporters (companies for which exports account for more than 50 percent of revenues) account for just 6 percent of the sample in the Commonwealth of independent states and as much as 22 percent in Advanced Economies Finally, in alignment with the Forum†s sampling guidelines approximately a third of the 2014 Survey respondents are â€oerepeat†respondents†that is to say, they are executives who have taken previously part in the Survey (Figure 1d. This improves the comparability of data across years 0 20 40 60 80 100 Sub-saharan africa Middle east, North africa and Pakistan Latin america and the Caribbean Emerging and Developing Europe Emerging and Developing Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Advanced economies 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Sub-saharan africa Middle east, North africa and Pakistan Latin america and the Caribbean Emerging and Developing Europe Emerging and Developing Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Advanced economies 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Sub-saharan africa Middle east, North africa and Pakistan Latin america and the Caribbean Emerging and Developing Europe Emerging and Developing Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Advanced economies 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Sub-saharan africa Middle east, North africa and Pakistan Latin america and the Caribbean Emerging and Developing Europe Emerging and Developing Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Advanced economies 0 20 40 60 80 100 Figure 1: Executive Opinion Survey: Respondent profile 1a: Company size by number of employees 1c: Revenues generated by exports 1b: Company ownership 1d: Repeat and random respondents Respondents, percent n Small(<50) n Small-medium (50†150 n Large-medium (151†1, 000 n Large(>1, 000) n n/a n None n 25%or less n†26%†50%n Over 50 %n†n/a Equity, percent n Private (domestic) n Publicâ (domestic n Foreign n Repeat respondents n Random respondents n n/a Respondents, percent Respondents, percent  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 93 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey the standardized score†or â€oez-score††method, which indicates by how many standard deviations any one individual answer deviates from the mean of the country sample. Individual answers with a standardized score greater than 3 are dropped Aggregation and computation of country averages Through 2013, the computation of country averages used a weighting by economic sector: INFO-Can't read the embedded type1c font XLNMQG+Mathematicalpi-Three averages of individual responses were computed for the four main economic sectors (agriculture, manufacturing industry non-manufacturing industry, and services) in a given country. Country averages were derived then by taking a weighted average of the sector averages using the estimated contributions of each sector to a country†s GDP as weights. The aim was to obtain a more representative average However, while appealing in theory, this approach presents a number of implementation challenges and limitations. First, in many countries covered by the Survey, information about economic structure is not reliable or is subject to significant revision. Special treatment is required also for 10 countries for which the breakdown of industry between manufacturing and non-manufacturing is not available. Second, the structure of the sample of responses might end up differing significantly from the actual structure of the economy, despite the efforts of our Partner Institutes especially in challenging environments where the administration of the Survey is difficult. Third, in some major petroleum-and gas-producing countries, a handful of very large companies account for a sizeable share of the non-manufacturing sector. This means that attempting to mirror the structure of the economy would result in assigning a very high individual weight to the respondent from those companies. A related issue arises if none of those companies are surveyed in which case the non-manufacturing sector is not represented at all in the country sample. Elsewhere where agriculture still accounts for a large share of an economy, the agriculture sector tends to be under -represented in the Survey sample because of the difficulty of identifying respondents in that sector who have an international perspective. The issue of sectoral representation tends to be exacerbated when the sample of respondents is small In the presence of unbalanced samples, we used to limit the maximum implicit weight of an individual response in the sample to 10 percent. 6 In some extreme cases, where a sample size was too small or the sectoral representation too different from the actual structure of the economy, this mechanism was not sufficient to prevent an individual response from receiving a disproportionate weight. In such a case, the economic sector stratification average was abandoned and a simple average of the surveys was applied For all these reasons, this year we decided to revert back to using a simple average to compute scores of all countries. Therefore, every individual response carries the same implicit weight, regardless the company†s sector of activity. Yet, as explained above, we will continue to work with our Partner institutes to obtain samples of respondents that are as representative as possible Formally, the country average of a Survey indicator i for country c, denoted qi, c is computed as follows q i, c =ï¿q i, c, j N i, c j N i, c where qi, c, j is the answer to question i in country c from respondent j; and Ni, c is the number of respondents to question i in country c Moving average and computation of country scores As a final step, the country averages for 2014 are combined with the 2013 averages to produce the country scores that are used for the computation of the GCI 2014†2015 and for other projects. 7 This moving average technique, introduced in 2007 consists of taking a weighted average of the most recent year†s Survey results together with a discounted average of the previous year. There are several reasons for doing this. First, it makes results less sensitive to the specific point in time when the Survey is administered. Second it increases the amount of available information by providing a larger sample size. Additionally, because the Survey is carried out during the first quarter of the year the average of the responses in the first quarter of 2013 and first quarter of 2014 better aligns the Survey data with many of the data indicators from sources other than the Survey, which are often year-average data To calculate the moving average, we use a weighting scheme composed of two overlapping elements. On one hand, we want to give each response an equal weight and, therefore, place more weight on the year with the larger sample size. At the same time, we would like to give more weight to the most recent responses because they contain more updated information. That is, we also â€oediscount the past. †Tableâ 2 reports the exact weights used in the computation of the scores of each country while Boxâ 4 details the methodology and provides a clarifying example Trend analysis and exceptions The two tests described above address variability issues among individual responses in a country. Yet they were not designed to track the evolution of country scores across time. We therefore carry out an analysis to assess the reliability and consistency of the Survey data over  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 94 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 time. As part of this analysis, we run an inter-quartile range test, or IQR test, to identify large swings†positive and negative†in the country scores. More specifically for each country we compute the year-on-year difference, d, in the average score of a core set of 62 Survey questions. We then compute the inter-quartile range (i e.,, the difference between the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile), denoted IQR, of the sample of 146 economies. 8 Any value d lying outside the range bounded by the 25th percentile minus 1. 5 times IQR and the 75th percentile plus 1. 5 times IQR is identified as a potential outlier. Formally, we have lower bound=Q1 †1. 5 ï¿IQR upper bound=Q3 †1. 5 ï¿IQR where Q1 and Q3 correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles of the sample, respectively, and IQR is the difference between these two values This test allows for the identification of potentially problematic countries, which display large upward or downward swings or repeated and significant changes over several editions. The IQR test is complemented by a series of additional empirical tests, including an analysis of five-year trends and a comparison of changes in the Survey results with changes in other indicators capturing similar concepts. We also conduct interviews of local experts and consider the latest developments in a country in order to assess the plausibility of the Survey results Based on these quantitative and qualitative analyses, the 2014 Survey data collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ecuador, and Rwanda deviate significantly from the historical trends, and recent developments in these countries do not seem to provide enough justification for the large swings observed. In the case of Rwanda, we use only the 2013 Survey data in the computation of the Survey scores (see the Exceptions section in Boxâ 4). Rwanda therefore is covered still in the GCI 2014†2015. Although this remains a remedial This box presents the method applied to compute the country scores for the vast majority of economies included in The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 (see text for exceptions For any given Survey question i, country c†s final score, 2013†14qi, c is given by q i, c 2013†14 q i, c 2013wc 2013 wc 2014 ï¿ï¿ï¿q i, c 2014 ï¿( (1 where q i, c t is country c†s score on question i in year t, with t=2013,2014, as computed following the approach described in the text; and wc t is applied the weight to country c†s score in year t (see below The weights for each year are determined as follows wc 2013 ï 2013 N 1ï¿ï c 2013 N c 2014 2a) and wc 2014 ï 2014 N ï c 2013 N c 2014 2b where N c t is the sample size (i e.,, the number of respondents) for country c in year t, with t=2013,2014. ï¿is a discount factor Its value is set at 0. 6. That is, the 2013 score of country c is given 2/3 of the weight given to the 2014 score Plugging Equations (2a) and (2b) into (1) and rearranging yields qi, c 2013†14 ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿qi, c 2013 ï¿ï¿qi, c 2013 ï¿qi, c 2014 (1ï¿ï¿)) ï 2013 Nc 2013 Nc 20142 1 ï¿ï 1 ï 2014 Nc 2013 Nc 2014qi, c 2014ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï -past weighted average sample-size weighted average 3 In Equation (3), the first component of the weighting scheme is discounted the-past weighted average. The second component is the sample-size weighted average. The two components are given half-weight each. One additional characteristic of this approach is that it prevents a country sample that is much larger in one year from overwhelming the smaller sample from the other year Box 4: Country/economy score calculation Cont†d  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 95 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey measure, we will continue to investigate the situation over the coming months in an effort to improve the reliability of the Survey data in this country Last year, the same analysis resulted in the Survey data of four countries†Bosnia and herzegovina, Jordan Oman, and United Arab Emirates†being dismissed This year, as an intermediate step toward the re -establishment of the standard computation method, we used a weighted average of the Survey data of 2012 and 2014 for these countries, with the exception of Bosnia and Herzegovina described further below In the case of Bosnia and herzegovina, we observe a very high degree of volatility in the Survey results over the past four years. For Ecuador, the trend exhibited by the Survey results over the past four years is not corroborated by developments on the ground during that period. Therefore, as an exceptional measure, both countries are excluded from this year†s coverage. We will work closely with the respective Partner Institutes to improve the administration process and the reliability of the data, with the aim of reinstating both countries in the near future CONCLUSION Since 1979, the World Economic Forum has been conducting a survey to gather perception data for its research on competitiveness. Over the years, the Executive Opinion Survey has become the largest poll of its kind, this year collecting the insight of more than 14,000 executives into critical drivers of their respective countries†development. This scale could not be achieved without the tremendous efforts of the Forum†s network of over 160 Partner Institutes in carrying out the Survey at a national level. The Survey gathers valuable information on a broad range of variables for which data sources are scarce or nonexistent. For this reason, and for the integrity of our publication and related research sampling thoroughness and comparability across the globe remain an essential and ongoing endeavor of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network The formula is generalized easily. For any two consecutive editions t1 and t2 of the Survey, country c†s final score on question i is computed as follows qi, c t1 †t2 ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿qi, c t1 ï¿ï¿qi, c t1 ï¿qi, c t2 (1ï¿ï¿)) ï 1 ï¿ï 1 ï t2 Nc t1 Nc t2ï t1 Nc t1 Nc t2 qi, c t2ï¿ï¿ï¿ï¿.( (4 Exceptions As described in the text, there are a number of exceptions to the approach described above. In describing them below, we use actual years†rather than letters†in equations for the sake of concreteness In the case of Survey questions that were introduced in 2014, where, by definition, no past data exist, the weight applied to the 2013 score is wc 2013=0 and the weight applied to the 2014 score is wc 2013=1. Equation (1) simply is qi, c 2013†14=qi, c 2014. The same is true for Tajikistan, which was reinstated in 2014. In this case, we have qi, c 2013†14=qi, c 2014 In the case of countries that failed the inter-year robustness check, the weight applied is wc 2013=1 and wc 2014=0, so that Equation (1) simply becomes qi, c 2013†14=qi, c 2013. In the case of countries that failed the inter-year robustness check last year and for which the 2013 data were discarded, we use the Survey data from 2012 instead, and combine them with those of 2014 to compute the scores. Equation (1) then becomes qi, c 2012†2014=wc 2012 ï¿qi, c 2012 ï¿wc 2014 ï¿qi, c 2014 Example of score computation For this example, we compute the score of Tanzania for indicator 5. 08 Extent of staff training, which is derived from the following Survey question: â€oein your country, to what extent do companies invest in training and employee development? 1=not at all 7=to a great extent. †This question is not a new Survey question and Tanzania did not fail the inter-year robustness test either this year or last year. Therefore, the general case of Equation (1) applies. Tanzania†s score was 3. 76 in 2013 and 3. 31 in 2014. The weighting scheme described above indicates how the two scores are combined. In Tanzania, the size of the sample was 92 in 2013 and 96 in 2014. Using ï¿==0. 6 and applying Equations (2a) and (2b) yields weights of 44.5 percent for 2013 and 55.5 percent for 2014 (see Table 2). The final country score for this question is given by Equation (1 ï¿0. 445 ï¿3. 76ï 0. 555 ï¿3. 31 3. 51ï ï the final score used in the computation of the GCI and reported in Table 5. 08 (see page 463). Although numbers are rounded to two decimal places in this example and to one decimal place in the data tables, exact figures are used in all calculations Box 4: Country/economy score calculation (cont†d  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 96 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 NOTES 1 The World Economic Forum†s Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network would like to acknowledge e-Rewards Market research for carrying out the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 in the United states, following the detailed sampling guidelines. Furthermore, e-Rewards supplemented a sample in Germany and Sweden, as well as France 2 Company size is defined as the number of employees of the firm in the country of the Survey respondent. The company size value used for delineating the large and small company sample frames varies across countries. The size value tracks closely with the overall size of the economy. Adjustments were made to the value based on searches in company directories and data gathered through the administration of the Survey in past years 3 In order to reach the required number of surveys in each country 80 for most economies and 300 for the BRICS countries and the United states), a Partner Institute uses the response rate from previous years 4 The results are obtained the scores by each economy in the various questions of the Survey. The two terms are used interchangeably throughout the text 5 The completion rate is the proportion of answered questions among a subset of questions in the survey instrument. These 123 core questions are all numerical questions of sections II through XI 6 Practically, under the old approach, when, for a particular country, the ratio of the weight of one sector in the economy to the percentage of surveys from that sector in the country sample exceeded 5, the sector weight used for the weighted average was capped at five times the percentage of surveys from that sector in the sample. The weights of the other sectors were adjusted then proportionally to their weight in the country†s GDP 7 The 2013 scores were computed using a sector-weighted average 8 The Survey was conducted in 148 economies in 2014. However, in Brunei Darussalam and Liberia there were not enough responses collected for inclusion. Therefore, those two countries were excluded prior to carrying out the IQR test REFERENCE European Management Forum. 1979. The Competitiveness of European Industry. Geneva: European Management Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Part 2 Data Presentation  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1 Country/Economy Profiles  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 101 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles Global Competitiveness Index This section details the economy†s performance on the main components of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI. The first column shows the country†s rank among the 144 economies included in the Index, while the second column presents its score. The percentage contribution to the overall GCI score of each subindex score is reported next to the subindex name. These weights vary depending on the country†s stage of development. For more information on the methodology of the GCI, refer to Chapter 1. 1 On the right-hand side, a chart shows the country†s performance in the 12 pillars of the GCI blue line) measured against the average score of the group to which the economy belongs, using the same classification as in the GDP per capita chart (gray line The most problematic factors for doing business This chart summarizes those factors seen by business executives as the most problematic for doing business in their economy. The information is drawn from the 2014 edition of the World Economic Forum†s Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey), with the exception of How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles The Country/Economy Profiles section presents a two -page profile for each of the 144 economies covered in The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 PAGE 1 Key indicators The first section presents a selection of key indicators for the economy under review. Unless noted otherwise all data in the Key indicators†section are sourced from the April 2014 edition of the International monetary fund IMF) †s World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database •Population (in millions. The population figure for Puerto rico is sourced from the United states Census bureau •Gross domestic product (GDP) in billions and GDP per capita, both expressed in US dollars and valued at current prices. Data for Puerto rico are sourced from Puerto Rico†s national statistics •The chart on the upper right-hand side displays the evolution of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) from 1990 through 2013 (or the period for which data are available) for the economy under review (blue line. The gray line plots the GDP-weighted average of GDP per capita of the group of economies to which the economy under review belongs. We draw on the IMF€ s classification as defined in the April 2014 edition of the WEO which divides the world into six regions: Emerging and Developing Europe; the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which includes Georgia although it is not a CIS member; Emerging and Developing Asia; Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan region (MENAP; 1 Sub-saharan africa; and Latin america and the Caribbean. Finally, advanced economies form a group of their own. For more information regarding the classification and the data visit www. imf. org/weo. Data for Puerto rico are not available Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 104 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 8 GDP (US$ billions...12.9 GDP per capita (US$...4, 610 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.97.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..95.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..89.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..78.4.1 Basic requirements (40.0%).97.4.1 Institutions...103.3.4 Infrastructure...90.3.5 Macroeconomic environment...122.3.8 Health and primary education...62.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).95.3.7 Higher education and training...60.4.5 Goods market efficiency...93.4.2 Labor market efficiency...93.4.0 Financial market development...114.3.4 Technological readiness...91.3.3 Market size...105.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).114.3.2 Business sophistication...104.3.6 Innovation...120.2.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...21.2 Access to financing...20.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.8 Tax rates...11.3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 4 Crime and theft...5. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 7 Tax regulations...3. 5 Policy instability...2. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 9 Inflation...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 0 Albania Albania Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Albania Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 102 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Rwanda, for which responses from the 2013 Survey have been used. From a list of 16 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic and rank them from 1 (most problematic) to 5. The results were then tabulated and weighted according to the ranking assigned by respondents. See Chapter 1. 3 for details PAGE 2 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail This page details the country†s performance on each of the indicators entering the composition of the GCI Indicators are organized by pillar. For indicators entering the GCI in two different pillars, only the first instance is shown on this page •INDICATOR, UNITS: This column contains the title of each indicator and, where relevant, the unit in which it is measured†for example, â€oedays†or â€oe%GDP. †Indicators that are derived not from the Survey are identified by an asterisk(*.*Indicators derived from the Survey are expressed always as scores on a 1†7 scale, with 7 being the best possible outcome •VALUE: This column reports the country†s score on each of the variables that compose the GCI •RANK/144: This column reports the country†s position among the 144 economies covered by the GCI 2014†2015. The ranks of those indicators that constitute a notable competitive advantage are highlighted in blue bold typeface. Competitive advantages are defined as follows For those economies ranked in the top 10 in the overall GCI, individual indicators ranked from 1 through 10 are considered to be advantages For instance, in the case of Germany†which is ranked 5th overall†its 3rd rank on indicator 5. 07 Availability of research and training services makes this indicator a competitive advantage For those economies ranked from 11 through 50 in the overall GCI, variables ranked higher than the economy†s own rank are considered to be advantages. In the case of Iceland, ranked 30th overall, its rank of 11 on indicator 7. 10 Female participation in the labor force makes this indicator a competitive advantage For those economies ranked lower than 50th in the overall GCI, any individual indicators with a rank of 50 or better are considered to be advantages. For Cambodia, ranked 95th overall Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 105 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*4. 5...12 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...64 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...136 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 8...42 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 2...133 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...62 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...112 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*54.0.53 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...57 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...105 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...37 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 1...121 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...68 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.8.99 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...53 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...33 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...93 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...93 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 9...98 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 70.97 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...115 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...104 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 6...143 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 9...128 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...128 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 3...98 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...140 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 0...116 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...112 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...89 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*60.1.52 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 8...76 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*21.0.83 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*24.7.75 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...103 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...110 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*26.5.109 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.7.85 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 0...120 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 0...97 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...126 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...94 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 7...142 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...87 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 8...71 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...86 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...69 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...115 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...130 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...73 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 3...135 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...70 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 4...110 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 4...84 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 8...133 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...112 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...97 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...105 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 2...110 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...122 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...69 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...63 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...28 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...119 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 0...96 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...67 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...66 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...75 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...95 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...96 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 3...131 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 7...126 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...84 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 8...93 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 3...14 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 8...87 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 9...71 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 1...104 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...89 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 4...68 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*18.8.125 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 7...79 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*116.2.62 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 9...93 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†6. 2...123 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.2.105 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*70.5.113 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*36.5.88 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*16.0.37 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...40 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 3...27 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*15.0.75 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*77.4.39 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 3...55 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.2.96 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*82.4.93 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*55.5.49 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 1...46 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...64 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...86 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...75 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...91 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...32 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 5...142 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...131 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...120 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...83 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*31.7.45 Albania indicator 2. 08 Mobile phone subscription, where the country ranks 39th, constitutes a competitive advantage These rules do not apply to indicators 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure, 4. 01 Malaria incidence or 4. 02 Business impact of malaria because of the special ranking method used for those indicators For further analysis, the data tables in the following section of the Report provide ranks, values, and the period of each data point, indicator by indicator ONLINE DATA PORTAL In addition to the analysis presented in this Report an interactive data platform can be accessed via www. weforum. org/gcr. The platform offers a number of analytical and visualization tools, including sortable rankings, scatter plots, bar charts, and maps, as well as the option of downloading portions of the GCI data set NOTE 1 The IMF refers to this region as â€oemiddle East, North africa Afghanistan, and Pakistan. †However, because Afghanistan is not covered in this Report, the shorter formulation was adopted  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 103 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles Index of Country/Economy Profiles Country/Economy Page Albania 104 Algeria 106 Angola 108 Argentina 110 Armenia 112 Australia 114 Austria 116 Azerbaijan 118 Bahrain 120 Bangladesh 122 Barbados 124 Belgium 126 Bhutan 128 Bolivia 130 Botswana 132 Brazil 134 Bulgaria 136 Burkina faso 138 Burundi 140 Cambodia 142 Cameroon 144 Canada 146 Cape verde 148 Chad 150 Chile 152 China 154 Colombia 156 Costa rica 158 CÃ'te d'Ivoire 160 Croatia 162 Cyprus 164 Czech republic 166 Denmark 168 Dominican republic 170 Egypt 172 El salvador 174 Estonia 176 Ethiopia 178 Finland 180 France 182 Gabon 184 Gambia, The 186 Georgia 188 Germany 190 Ghana 192 Greece 194 Guatemala 196 Guinea 198 Country/Economy Page Guyana 200 Haiti 202 Honduras 204 Hong kong SAR 206 Hungary 208 Iceland 210 India 212 Indonesia 214 Iran, Islamic Rep. 216 Ireland 218 Israel 220 Italy 222 Jamaica 224 Japan 226 Jordan 228 Kazakhstan 230 Kenya 232 Korea, Rep. 234 Kuwait 236 Kyrgyz Republic 238 Lao PDR 240 Latvia 242 Lebanon 244 Lesotho 246 Libya 248 Lithuania 250 Luxembourg 252 Macedonia, FYR 254 Madagascar 256 Malawi 258 Malaysia 260 Mali 262 Malta 264 Mauritania 266 Mauritius 268 Mexico 270 Moldova 272 Mongolia 274 Montenegro 276 Morocco 278 Mozambique 280 Myanmar 282 Namibia 284 Nepal 286 Netherlands 288 New zealand 290 Nicaragua 292 Nigeria 294 Country/Economy Page Norway 296 Oman 298 Pakistan 300 Panama 302 Paraguay 304 Peru 306 Philippines 308 Poland 310 Portugal 312 Puerto rico 314 Qatar 316 Romania 318 Russian Federation 320 Rwanda 322 Saudi arabia 324 Senegal 326 Serbia 328 Seychelles 330 Sierra leone 332 Singapore 334 Slovak Republic 336 Slovenia 338 South africa 340 Spain 342 Sri lanka 344 Suriname 346 Swaziland 348 Sweden 350 Switzerland 352 Taiwan, China 354 Tajikistan 356 Tanzania 358 Thailand 360 Timor-Leste 362 Trinidad and tobago 364 Tunisia 366 Turkey 368 Uganda 370 Ukraine 372 United arab emirates 374 United kingdom 376 United states 378 Uruguay 380 Venezuela 382 Vietnam 384 Yemen 386 Zambia 388 Zimbabwe 390  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 104 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 8 GDP (US$ billions...12.9 GDP per capita (US$...4, 610 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.97.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..95.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..89.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..78.4.1 Basic requirements (40.0%).97.4.1 Institutions...103.3.4 Infrastructure...90.3.5 Macroeconomic environment...122.3.8 Health and primary education...62.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).95.3.7 Higher education and training...60.4.5 Goods market efficiency...93.4.2 Labor market efficiency...93.4.0 Financial market development...114.3.4 Technological readiness...91.3.3 Market size...105.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).114.3.2 Business sophistication...104.3.6 Innovation...120.2.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...21.2 Access to financing...20.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.8 Tax rates...11.3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 4 Crime and theft...5. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 7 Tax regulations...3. 5 Policy instability...2. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 9 Inflation...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 0 Albania Albania Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Albania Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 105 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*4. 5...12 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...64 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...136 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 8...42 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 2...133 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...62 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...112 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*54.0.53 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...57 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...105 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...37 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 1...121 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...68 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.8.99 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...53 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...33 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...93 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...93 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 9...98 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 70.97 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...115 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...104 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 6...143 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 9...128 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...128 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 3...98 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...140 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 0...116 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...112 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...89 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*60.1.52 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 8...76 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*21.0.83 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*24.7.75 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...103 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...110 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*26.5.109 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.7.85 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 0...120 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 0...97 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...126 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...94 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 7...142 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...87 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 8...71 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...86 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...69 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...115 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...130 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...73 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 3...135 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...70 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 4...110 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 4...84 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 8...133 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...112 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...97 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...105 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 2...110 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...122 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...69 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...63 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...28 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...119 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 0...96 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...67 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...66 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...75 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...95 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...96 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 3...131 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 7...126 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...84 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 8...93 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 3...14 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 8...87 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 9...71 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 1...104 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...89 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 4...68 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*18.8.125 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 7...79 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*116.2.62 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 9...93 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†6. 2...123 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.2.105 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*70.5.113 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*36.5.88 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*16.0.37 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...40 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 3...27 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*15.0.75 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*77.4.39 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 3...55 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.2.96 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*82.4.93 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*55.5.49 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 1...46 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...64 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...86 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...75 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...91 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...32 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 5...142 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...131 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...120 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...83 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*31.7.45 Albania  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 106 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...37.9 GDP (US$ billions...206.1 GDP per capita (US$...5, 438 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 33 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.79.4.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..100.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..110.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..87.4.0 Basic requirements (59.0%).65.4.6 Institutions...101.3.4 Infrastructure...106.3.1 Macroeconomic environment...11.6.4 Health and primary education...81.5.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.7%).125.3.3 Higher education and training...98.3.7 Goods market efficiency...136.3.5 Labor market efficiency...139.3.1 Financial market development...137.2.7 Technological readiness...129.2.6 Market size...47.4.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 2%).133.2.9 Business sophistication...131.3.2 Innovation...128.2.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...15.1 Corruption...13.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.6 Tax rates...9. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 5 Tax regulations...5. 1 Policy instability...4. 7 Foreign currency regulations...4. 3 Inflation...3. 2 Government instability/coups...2. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 2 Crime and theft...1. 9 Poor public health...1. 1 Algeria Algeria Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Algeria Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 107 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*14.139 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*25.0.101 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 3...114 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...135 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*14.5.134 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 2...131 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 3...128 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 8...137 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.7.111 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 6...125 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...102 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 6...130 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...104 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 1...122 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*17.3.83 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...97 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...123 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 6...141 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 3...133 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...133 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 21.144 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 0...133 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 1...135 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 1...134 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...72 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...108 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 4...133 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 2...136 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 4...136 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 4...138 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 9...115 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*16.5.108 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 3...87 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*26.3.72 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...45 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...52 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*285.5.45 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.8.84 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 3...102 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 3...136 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...105 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...104 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...126 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...127 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 8...131 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 8...139 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 1...125 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 7...143 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...127 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 2...138 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 3...137 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...99 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...61 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...97 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 7...97 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...114 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...112 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 8...80 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...120 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...85 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...77 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 1...74 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...104 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 2...108 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...104 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...107 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 8...129 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 0...93 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...94 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...74 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...100 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 4...134 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 5...137 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...113 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...102 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 1...107 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 7...65 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 8...117 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 0...128 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*177.3.69 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 0...91 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*102.0.91 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 0...99 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 1...20 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*51.1.4 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 3...66 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*9. 2...5 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*52.6.66 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 2...10 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 5...47 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*89.0.88 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 0...131 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 3...118 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*17.2.83 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.9.90 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 8...121 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.3.41 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.6.46 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*31.5.78 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...114 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 2...113 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 5...115 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 4...133 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...126 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 4...118 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 8...136 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...108 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...124 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...86 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*71.9.137 Algeria  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 108 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...20.8 GDP (US$ billions...121.7 GDP per capita (US$...5, 846 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 15 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.140.3.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..142.3.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144...n/a n/a GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..139.3.0 Basic requirements (59.3%).137.3.2 Institutions...143.2.6 Infrastructure...139.2.0 Macroeconomic environment...71.4.7 Health and primary education...136.3.5 Efficiency enhancers (35.6%).140.2.8 Higher education and training...144.1.9 Goods market efficiency...143.2.9 Labor market efficiency...128.3.5 Financial market development...140.2.5 Technological readiness...140.2.3 Market size...65.3.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 2%).144.2.4 Business sophistication...144.2.6 Innovation...142.2.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...19.6 Inadequately educated workforce...19.1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...18.4 Corruption...16.5 Poor public health...6. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 6 Crime and theft...3. 1 Foreign currency regulations...2. 4 Inflation...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 9 Policy instability...0. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 6 Tax rates...0. 6 Tax regulations...0. 0 Angola Angola Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Angola Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 109 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*66.0.134 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 2...118 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...2. 9...144 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*9. 3...100 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 9...138 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...2. 6...141 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...1. 8...143 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.9.92 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...2. 4...144 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 3...138 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 2...142 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 1...122 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 6...137 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*31.0.132 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...41 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 5...141 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 2...142 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 7...53 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...50 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.66 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 3...143 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 2...128 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 4...144 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 2...122 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...98 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 1...115 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 2...144 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 2...139 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...2. 9...143 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 9...117 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*19.1.104 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 2...119 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 0...140 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.1.94 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...69 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...56 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*130.1.63 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*62.3.32 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...2. 4...144 11.02 Local supplier quality...2. 2...144 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 6...141 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...135 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 6...144 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...118 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 4...137 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 9...135 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 4...142 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 7...142 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...1. 9...142 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 1...141 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 0...142 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...135 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 5...144 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...119 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 5...141 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 3...138 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 8...139 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 8...135 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 4...136 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 1...137 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 0...140 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...93 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 7...128 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 3...140 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 0...141 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 9...137 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...96 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...114 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 5...128 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 8...129 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...2. 6...144 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...2. 6...141 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...2. 7...143 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 5...142 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 2...141 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 3...138 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 7...121 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 3...117 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*130.5.74 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 7...138 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*61.9.132 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 0...126 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 5...42 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.2.80 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 8...130 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*26.6.29 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*35.8.91 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*18,251. 2...61 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...1. 4...76 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*316.0.130 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...2. 8...143 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*2. 3...125 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...2. 5...143 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*99.5.143 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*51.5.137 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 0...143 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*85.7.115 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*31.5.135 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*7. 5...121 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 1...142 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...1. 9...143 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 3...140 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 4...132 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 5...144 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 8...141 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...2. 6...144 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 2...144 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 0...144 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...89 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*52.1.120 Angola  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 110 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...41.5 GDP (US$ billions...488.2 GDP per capita (US$...11,766 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 89 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.104.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..104.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..94.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..85.4.0 Basic requirements (33.1%).104.4.1 Institutions...137.2.8 Infrastructure...89.3.5 Macroeconomic environment...102.4.2 Health and primary education...67.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).93.3.8 Higher education and training...45.4.8 Goods market efficiency...141.3.1 Labor market efficiency...143.3.0 Financial market development...129.3.0 Technological readiness...82.3.5 Market size...24.5.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (16.9%).96.3.4 Business sophistication...96.3.7 Innovation...97.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Inflation...19.1 Foreign currency regulations...16.6 Access to financing...11.3 Corruption...10.9 Tax rates...8. 1 Policy instability...7. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 2 Tax regulations...5. 9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 3 Crime and theft...1. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 0 Argentina Argentina Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Argentina Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 111 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*14.139 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*25.0.101 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 8...139 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...2. 9...143 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.5.108 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...80 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...1. 8...143 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 0...142 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*19.0.137 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 6...128 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...83 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 5...135 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...2. 6...140 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 6...138 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*30.3.129 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...1. 9...144 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 5...142 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...68 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 3...79 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 5...121 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 67.101 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 1...132 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 9...138 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...128 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 7...134 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 8...138 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 6...86 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...114 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...124 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 0...115 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 1...142 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*59.9.53 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.9.50 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*44.3.59 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*16.2.84 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...21 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 2...39 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*777.9.22 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*19.8.130 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...113 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...110 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 1...119 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 8...118 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...84 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...94 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...75 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...60 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 5...95 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...80 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 1...48 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...103 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...66 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 5...137 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 8...86 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 4...63 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 6...138 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 4...136 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 7...143 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 6...141 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 8...127 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...127 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...1. 7...143 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 5...142 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 3...139 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 6...130 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...1. 9...143 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 0...135 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...22 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 2...123 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 1...109 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 7...133 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 0...138 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...111 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...105 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...115 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 0...123 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 0...110 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 7...96 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...91 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 6...107 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*802.4.32 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 6...123 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*159.0.14 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*23.3.49 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 5...83 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*21.4.59 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*10.6.138 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*46.9.81 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*31.6.104 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...7 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 7...2 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*25.0.54 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 4...30 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...62 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*12.7.64 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.0.49 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...102 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.4.61 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*91.9.65 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*78.6.15 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...113 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 2...112 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 8...34 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...76 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...65 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...95 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 1...132 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 2...117 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 0...137 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 0...144 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*107.8.143 Argentina  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 112 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 3 GDP (US$ billions...10.5 GDP per capita (US$...3, 208 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.85.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..79.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..82.4.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..92.3.9 Basic requirements (40.0%).82.4.4 Institutions...72.3.8 Infrastructure...78.3.8 Macroeconomic environment...77.4.6 Health and primary education...99.5.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).87.3.8 Higher education and training...75.4.2 Goods market efficiency...64.4.4 Labor market efficiency...74.4.2 Financial market development...97.3.7 Technological readiness...71.3.7 Market size...118.2.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).100.3.3 Business sophistication...93.3.7 Innovation...104.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...16.4 Access to financing...14.3 Tax regulations...14.3 Tax rates...12.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.1 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 9 Foreign currency regulations...5. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 0 Inflation...3. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 9 Policy instability...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 1 Government instability/coups...1. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Crime and theft...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 4 Armenia Armenia Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Armenia Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 113 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*4. 0...9 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...79 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...80 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 8...41 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...95 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 8...110 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...108 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*53.5.56 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...66 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...77 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...42 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...65 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 5...18 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*11.0.47 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...94 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 2...48 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...95 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 6...123 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 5...119 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 72.96 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...75 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...81 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 5...112 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...97 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 4...96 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...66 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...112 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 4...95 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...113 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 5...79 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*46.3.71 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 9...70 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*55.1.48 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*31.0.67 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...111 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...126 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*20.4.118 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*21.9.127 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...79 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...86 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...113 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...57 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...94 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...95 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...91 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 7...109 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...106 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...98 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 1...105 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...102 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...112 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...121 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...75 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*3. 2...53 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...67 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...84 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...80 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 9...76 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...76 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 9...107 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...71 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...76 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 7...43 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...95 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...98 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...39 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...46 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 5...22 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 1...57 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 0...81 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...90 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 4...83 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...104 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 7...97 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 4...61 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...80 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 6...68 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 5...134 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 3...72 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*49.8.100 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 1...62 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*112.4.70 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*19.4.58 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 5...64 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.5.103 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...104 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.9.69 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*38.0.85 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*52.0.74 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...71 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...37 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*14.7.74 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.4.67 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...83 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*84.1.120 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.9.51 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*46.0.59 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 5...86 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 2...69 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 5...116 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 3...68 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 3...120 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 4...119 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...85 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...93 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 6...105 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...105 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*38.8.73 Armenia  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 114 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...23.2 GDP (US$ billions...1, 505.3 GDP per capita (US$...64,863 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 15 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.22.5.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..21.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..20.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..20.5.1 Basic requirements (20.0%).17.5.7 Institutions...19.5.1 Infrastructure...20.5.6 Macroeconomic environment...30.5.6 Health and primary education...17.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).15.5.2 Higher education and training...11.5.7 Goods market efficiency...29.4.8 Labor market efficiency...56.4.3 Financial market development...6...5. 4 Technological readiness...19.5.6 Market size...18.5.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).26.4.6 Business sophistication...28.4.7 Innovation...25.4.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...25.4 Tax rates...11.1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.1 Tax regulations...10.0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...9. 2 Policy instability...5. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 3 Access to financing...5. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...1. 5 Inflation...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Corruption...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Australia Australia Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Australia Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 115 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 5...5 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 5...16 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...48 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 3...38 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 7...11 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...50 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...21 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*20.2.136 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 9...46 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 7...48 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...109 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 7...132 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 7...136 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*11.7.50 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...80 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 2...125 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 6...13 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 2...28 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 8...16 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.54 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 6...19 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 2...25 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 8...14 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...38 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...29 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 6...3 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...11 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 0...24 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...23 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...21 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*83.0.18 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.0.26 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*67.1.39 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*110.5.4 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 1...17 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 4...32 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*999.6.17 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*20.3.129 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...39 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 3...21 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 2...43 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 6...28 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...95 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...56 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 9...29 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 4...16 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 9...17 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 6...27 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 8...9 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 6...39 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 8...21 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...73 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 7...27 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*78.4.21 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 5...22 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 5...17 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 3...17 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 1...25 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 9...16 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 9...14 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 9...29 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 5...51 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...124 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 8...26 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...26 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 3...51 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...43 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 5...25 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 9...23 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 1...14 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 6...15 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 9...15 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 7...8 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 0...21 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 1...35 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 8...43 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 0...32 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...38 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 5...29 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*4, 467.2.7 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...27 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*106.8.81 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*44.3.16 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 7...86 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*24.7.42 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*28.8.31 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*88.4.12 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 5...15 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 7...14 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 4...23 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 1...28 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.1.9 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 1...21 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.8.47 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*135.5.1 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.3.6 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 8...19 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 6...38 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 1...27 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 2...11 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 2...23 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 5...30 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 0...8 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...40 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 6...33 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 7...74 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*47.0.104 Australia  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 116 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...8. 5 GDP (US$ billions...415.4 GDP per capita (US$...48,957 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 42 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.21.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..16.5.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..16.5.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..19.5.1 Basic requirements (20.0%).16.5.7 Institutions...22.5.1 Infrastructure...13.5.8 Macroeconomic environment...33.5.5 Health and primary education...19.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).23.5.0 Higher education and training...15.5.6 Goods market efficiency...22.5.0 Labor market efficiency...43.4.5 Financial market development...43.4.5 Technological readiness...18.5.7 Market size...37.4.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).14.5.1 Business sophistication...7...5. 4 Innovation...18.4.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...20.8 Restrictive labor regulations...17.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.9 Tax regulations...14.3 Access to financing...9. 1 Policy instability...7. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1 Corruption...0. 9 Inflation...0. 9 Crime and theft...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 5 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 5 Austria Austria Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Austria Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 117 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*25.0.101 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...29 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...47 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...50 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...57 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...19 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*54.6.52 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 8...3 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...27 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...12 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...2. 5...142 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 5...101 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*2. 0...5 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...121 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...72 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 3...26 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 4...25 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 1...29 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.47 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 4...24 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 3...23 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 8...50 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...66 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...70 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 0...61 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...55 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 0...23 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 7...17 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...67 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*80.6.22 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*26.0.22 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*128.5.21 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*62.8.26 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...39 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 4...30 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*361.4.37 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*57.6.35 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 3...15 11.02 Local supplier quality...6. 0...3 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 9...16 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...10 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 5...4 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 0...9 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 9...11 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 5...11 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 7...23 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 0...19 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 0...24 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 8...12 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 7...24 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...54 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...53 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*166.3.10 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 8...15 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 5...16 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 6...31 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 7...36 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 5...26 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 2...28 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 0...28 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 4...53 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...83 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 9...24 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...29 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 8...21 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...6 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 1...8 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 5...8 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 9...18 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 5...20 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 7...21 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...27 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 8...31 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 2...7 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 3...3 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 3...11 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 4...60 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 4...33 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*455.3.45 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 6...7 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*156.2.16 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*39.4.25 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 8...48 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*24.6.43 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*74.2.116 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*87.5.14 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 9...26 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...5 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 7...7 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 3...16 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.9.19 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 0...27 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.4.23 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.7.44 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*72.4.24 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 5...31 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 6...37 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...47 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 6...29 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 9...5 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 8...19 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 8...15 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 5...4 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 8...21 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...75 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*52.4.121 Austria  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 118 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...9. 3 GDP (US$ billions...73.5 GDP per capita (US$...7, 900 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 12 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.38.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..39.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..46.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..55.4.3 Basic requirements (56.3%).45.4.9 Institutions...60.4.0 Infrastructure...70.4.1 Macroeconomic environment...9...6. 4 Health and primary education...104.5.2 Efficiency enhancers (37.8%).71.4.1 Higher education and training...90.3.9 Goods market efficiency...72.4.3 Labor market efficiency...33.4.6 Financial market development...89.3.8 Technological readiness...56.4.3 Market size...72.3.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 9%).72.3.6 Business sophistication...80.3.9 Innovation...59.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...19.9 Access to financing...14.6 Tax rates...11.8 Inadequately educated workforce...11.3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...7. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...4. 8 Tax regulations...4. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 2 Inflation...2. 0 Poor public health...1. 8 Crime and theft...1. 2 Foreign currency regulations...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Policy instability...0. 1 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Azerbaijan Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 119 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*7. 0...36 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...83 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...68 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*7. 5...87 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 8...115 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...81 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 2...122 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*26.6.126 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...69 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...30 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...66 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...40 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...25 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*21.7.101 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...87 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...34 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...96 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 5...61 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 0...34 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.20 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...92 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...77 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...90 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...79 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...64 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 3...100 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...93 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 0...63 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...64 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...63 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*58.7.55 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*17.0.42 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*45.2.58 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*43.9.47 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...75 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...70 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*102.8.70 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*48.5.48 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...90 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...87 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 4...99 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...105 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...75 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...65 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 0...61 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...66 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...79 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 1...43 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...87 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...60 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...104 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...18 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...63 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 6...75 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...91 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...80 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 1...77 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 4...46 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 6...85 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 2...99 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 3...55 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 5...52 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...32 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...60 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...51 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 3...48 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...48 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 7...15 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...40 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...71 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...64 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...95 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...82 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...88 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 8...47 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...69 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 8...37 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 3...63 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 0...44 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*91.8.85 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 9...70 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*107.6.79 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*18.7.62 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 8...15 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*43.4.9 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 4...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*13.8.12 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*51.1.70 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...8 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 8...14 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*95.0.92 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 4...81 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 6...69 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*30.8.102 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.6.93 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 1...106 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*89.1.104 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*100.3.35 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*20.4.91 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 1...104 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 3...108 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 3...124 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 3...69 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 0...79 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...94 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 3...121 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...91 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 2...130 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...82 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.0.77 Azerbaijan  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 120 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 2 GDP (US$ billions...32.2 GDP per capita (US$...27,435 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.44.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..43.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..35.4.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..37.4.5 Basic requirements (20.6%).29.5.3 Institutions...29.4.7 Infrastructure...31.5.2 Macroeconomic environment...47.5.2 Health and primary education...40.6.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).40.4.5 Higher education and training...55.4.7 Goods market efficiency...21.5.0 Labor market efficiency...26.4.7 Financial market development...31.4.7 Technological readiness...34.5.0 Market size...99.3.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (29.4%).55.3.8 Business sophistication...45.4.3 Innovation...60.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...16.0 Restrictive labor regulations...15.1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...13.3 Inadequately educated workforce...12.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 7 Access to financing...9. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 9 Policy instability...6. 5 Corruption...4. 3 Government instability/coups...2. 8 Crime and theft...1. 4 Poor public health...0. 8 Inflation...0. 3 Tax regulations...0. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Tax rates...0. 0 Bahrain Bahrain Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Bahrain Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 121 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*9. 0...50 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...37 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 9...18 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 1...56 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 4...22 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 5...12 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 7...39 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*47.1.73 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 8...52 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...25 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 1...20 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 8...12 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 3...30 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 3...1 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 6...20 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...53 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 7...18 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 1...11 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 46.129 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 7...15 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...15 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 1...36 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 2...8 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 6...18 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...28 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...16 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 9...26 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 3...34 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...30 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*90.0.8 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.2.53 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*25.9.74 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*109.7.5 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...107 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...77 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*40.6.94 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*74.4.20 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...56 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...56 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...33 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...61 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...51 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 8...14 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 3...43 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 7...38 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 0...47 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...65 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...102 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...85 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...90 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 1...23 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...58 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 1...69 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 2...29 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 7...31 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 4...35 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 0...28 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 4...28 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 4...47 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 0...26 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 3...17 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 3...11 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 2...40 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 8...39 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 7...26 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 1...120 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...68 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 3...14 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 0...36 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 0...27 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 8...17 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...45 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 1...19 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 6...21 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 4...22 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 7...15 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 2...39 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*155.9.71 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...31 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*165.9.8 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*21.8.53 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 4...98 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*28.4.29 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 3...67 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*43.9.74 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*57.0.56 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*20.0.45 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...58 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 9...56 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*8. 2...50 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.5.46 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 5...47 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.5.51 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.5.53 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*33.5.76 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 3...38 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...58 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...59 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 2...39 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 5...42 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 5...29 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...46 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...57 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 6...31 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...6. 5...1 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*13.5.5 Bahrain  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 122 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...156.3 GDP (US$ billions...141.3 GDP per capita (US$...904 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 37 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.109.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..110.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..118.3.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..108.3.7 Basic requirements (60.0%).113.3.8 Institutions...131.3.0 Infrastructure...127.2.4 Macroeconomic environment...72.4.7 Health and primary education...102.5.3 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).103.3.6 Higher education and training...125.2.9 Goods market efficiency...84.4.2 Labor market efficiency...124.3.7 Financial market development...88.3.8 Technological readiness...126.2.7 Market size...44.4.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).122.3.0 Business sophistication...118.3.5 Innovation...129.2.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...21.0 Corruption...20.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.3 Government instability/coups...9. 3 Access to financing...7. 5 Policy instability...5. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 3 Crime and theft...3. 2 Tax regulations...2. 9 Inflation...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...2. 5 Tax rates...2. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 3 Bangladesh Bangladesh Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Bangladesh Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 123 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*10.5.56 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 4...20 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...29 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*13.7.129 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 7...118 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...46 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...105 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.1.118 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 0...109 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...62 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...104 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...85 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...28 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*31.0.131 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...79 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...103 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 6...110 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 7...115 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 4...126 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 70.98 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...95 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...89 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 1...37 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...103 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 1...119 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...104 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...115 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...99 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...108 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 9...112 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*6. 5...126 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 6...112 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 0...124 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 4...130 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...38 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...61 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*325.1.43 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*21.9.126 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...60 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...100 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...66 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 1...143 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...107 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 6...112 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 3...107 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...113 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 6...138 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...113 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 7...122 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...134 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 6...132 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 5...138 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 8...88 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...120 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 3...123 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 5...133 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...106 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 8...136 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 3...140 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 2...132 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 2...131 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...107 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 0...109 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...123 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...102 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 5...114 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...114 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 5...116 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...97 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 6...138 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...2. 9...140 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 4...133 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...132 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 0...133 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 8...130 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 9...117 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 4...75 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...93 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 0...127 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*236.1.59 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 5...124 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*67.1.128 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 7...131 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 0...90 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*28.2.31 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 5...123 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.7.62 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*30.4.108 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*394.3.41 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 6...19 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*225.0.122 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 5...76 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...50 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*33.1.104 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.3.96 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 1...108 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.5.92 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*53.6.118 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*13.2.104 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 3...95 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 4...106 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 7...105 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 1...120 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...129 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 2...131 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...79 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...107 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...86 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...92 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.0.58 Bangladesh  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 124 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 3 GDP (US$ billions...4. 3 GDP per capita (US$...15,373 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.55.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..47.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..44.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..42.4.4 Basic requirements (24.1%).43.5.0 Institutions...33.4.6 Infrastructure...28.5.3 Macroeconomic environment...132.3.4 Health and primary education...16.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).54.4.3 Higher education and training...30.5.2 Goods market efficiency...74.4.3 Labor market efficiency...31.4.6 Financial market development...32.4.6 Technological readiness...35.5.0 Market size...138.2.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (25.9%).47.3.9 Business sophistication...53.4.3 Innovation...47.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...15.5 Access to financing...14.8 Tax rates...11.9 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 4 Inflation...6. 2 Foreign currency regulations...5. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 7 Tax regulations...4. 3 Corruption...3. 5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 0 Crime and theft...1. 7 Policy instability...1. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 0 Barbados Barbados Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Barbados Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 125 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*18.0.84 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...62 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 1...10 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*16.6.139 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...17 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...41 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 0...72 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*52.5.58 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 3...91 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...70 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 9...33 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...81 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...89 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*16.0.78 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...58 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...111 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 8...37 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 2...29 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 5...21 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 90.31 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...50 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 5...48 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...91 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...101 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...101 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 1...14 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...33 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 8...29 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...46 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...24 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*75.0.29 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*23.8.33 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*52.0.52 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*41.5.51 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 8...136 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 9...135 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*7. 0...136 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*39.1.69 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...70 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 7...48 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...74 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 8...24 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...52 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...70 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...58 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...56 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...59 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 9...57 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...54 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...82 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 0...43 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...88 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...66 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*40.6.25 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 0...37 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 5...37 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 5...33 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 9...31 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 9...38 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 3...25 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 3...52 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 4...57 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 1...16 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 3...36 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 0...34 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...37 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...21 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 1...89 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 1...15 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 6...25 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 0...28 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 6...22 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...42 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...51 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 6...22 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 1...33 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 3...28 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 6...22 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*74.2.92 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 3...23 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*108.1.78 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*52.3.9 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†10.3.140 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*2. 4...136 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*92.0.128 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*53.4.64 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*1. 6...1 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...62 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 9...106 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 5...111 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*16.9.82 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.1.55 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 9...5 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.1.45 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*104.7.19 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*60.8.42 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 0...15 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 5...7 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 0...28 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 0...44 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 7...37 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...39 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...28 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 4...98 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...73 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 7...73 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.8.83 Barbados  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 126 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...11.2 GDP (US$ billions...506.6 GDP per capita (US$...45,384 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 49 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.18.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..17.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..17.5.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..15.5.2 Basic requirements (20.0%).22.5.5 Institutions...23.5.1 Infrastructure...18.5.6 Macroeconomic environment...70.4.7 Health and primary education...2...6. 7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).18.5.1 Higher education and training...5...5. 9 Goods market efficiency...14.5.1 Labor market efficiency...60.4.3 Financial market development...38.4.5 Technological readiness...14.5.8 Market size...28.4.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).12.5.1 Business sophistication...10.5.3 Innovation...13.4.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...22.5 Tax rates...22.5 Tax regulations...17.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.9 Policy instability...6. 5 Access to financing...4. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 6 Inflation...1. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 4 Crime and theft...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 4 Corruption...0. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 1 Belgium Belgium Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Belgium Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 127 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*4. 0...9 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...40 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...28 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 4...21 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...43 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...22 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*107.9.6 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 6...9 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...20 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...78 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 8...129 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 6...139 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*7. 2...19 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 3...141 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 6...100 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 7...11 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 5...20 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 0...32 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.56 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 9...12 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...13 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 9...43 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...35 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 3...33 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 6...85 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 9...34 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 3...12 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...20 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...32 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*82.2.20 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*34.4.10 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*201.9.11 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*46.0.43 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...32 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 9...18 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*422.8.32 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*112.6.4 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 4...9 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 8...5 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 7...21 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...5 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 0...15 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...42 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 9...9 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 5...13 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 1...12 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 2...14 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...6. 1...5 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 8...11 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 6...6 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...63 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 5...37 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*113.3.16 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 4...24 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 3...23 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 3...16 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 2...23 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 8...19 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 7...18 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 1...24 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...59 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 6...130 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 2...42 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...32 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 1...56 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...26 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 5...26 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 1...18 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 7...23 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 5...19 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...30 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 5...13 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 9...24 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 0...16 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 8...17 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 3...27 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 9...14 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 4...6 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 9...15 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*636.5.35 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 4...16 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*110.9.73 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*41.3.21 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 8...69 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.2.81 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*99.8.132 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*81.1.19 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*9. 7...29 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 7...13 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...22 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 4...19 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.4.25 4. 09 Quality of primary education...6. 2...2 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.7.15 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*107.3.15 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*70.8.26 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 3...6 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...6. 0...3 5. 05 Quality of management schools...6. 0...2 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 9...24 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...6. 0...4 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 1...9 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 0...6 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 4...6 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 2...9 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...126 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*57.5.126 Belgium  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 128 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 7 GDP (US$ billions...2. 0 GDP per capita (US$...2, 665 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.103.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..109.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144...n/a n/a GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (46.7%).88.4.3 Institutions...38.4.5 Infrastructure...92.3.5 Macroeconomic environment...119.3.9 Health and primary education...89.5.5 Efficiency enhancers (45.0%).123.3.3 Higher education and training...108.3.5 Goods market efficiency...115.4.0 Labor market efficiency...24.4.7 Financial market development...111.3.4 Technological readiness...124.2.7 Market size...140.1.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (8. 3%).111.3.2 Business sophistication...107.3.6 Innovation...113.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...21.2 Foreign currency regulations...12.4 Restrictive labor regulations...10.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 2 Policy instability...6. 8 Tax rates...5. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 1 Corruption...4. 0 Inflation...3. 9 Tax regulations...1. 5 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Bhutan Bhutan Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Bhutan Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 129 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*32.0.112 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 4...19 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 2...96 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*22.7.143 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 6...141 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...88 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 5...49 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*56.3.50 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...106 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 8...122 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...62 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 2...59 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...63 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 3...24 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...46 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...42 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...66 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 1...36 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...59 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.44 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 9...101 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...79 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...68 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...98 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...104 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 4...95 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...83 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...125 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 9...120 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 6...130 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*29.9.95 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 7...91 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 8...133 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.6.87 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 6...141 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...140 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*4. 7...140 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*32.8.87 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 8...126 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...114 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 6...83 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...50 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...110 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 6...110 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...113 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 1...130 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...85 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...96 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 7...125 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...91 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 7...126 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...47 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 0...135 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 4...83 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 4...53 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 0...52 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 6...29 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 1...24 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 8...39 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 8...38 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 7...37 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 5...15 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 7...47 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...44 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...87 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...76 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...41 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 6...18 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 1...16 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 9...39 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 5...38 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 7...69 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...51 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 2...66 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 7...117 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...53 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 3...56 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 1...139 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 5...110 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2. 2...141 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 9...37 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*72.2.117 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 5...110 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 0...92 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*31.7.20 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 7...129 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*110.7.135 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*30.4.109 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*20.2.20 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 5...46 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*180.0.116 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...113 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 6...107 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*35.7.108 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*67.9.103 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 2...58 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*90.6.101 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*73.9.100 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*9. 5...116 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 0...51 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 9...84 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...110 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 9...84 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...127 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...109 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...106 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...106 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...44 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...46 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.8.83 Bhutan  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 130 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...11.0 GDP (US$ billions...29.8 GDP per capita (US$...2, 700 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.105.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..98.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..104.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..103.3.8 Basic requirements (46.0%).93.4.2 Institutions...90.3.5 Infrastructure...109.3.0 Macroeconomic environment...35.5.5 Health and primary education...109.4.9 Efficiency enhancers (45.5%).116.3.4 Higher education and training...97.3.7 Goods market efficiency...132.3.6 Labor market efficiency...127.3.6 Financial market development...121.3.3 Technological readiness...118.2.8 Market size...84.3.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (8. 5%).94.3.4 Business sophistication...103.3.6 Innovation...83.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...20.8 Restrictive labor regulations...18.5 Foreign currency regulations...13.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.3 Corruption...7. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Tax regulations...2. 9 Policy instability...1. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 7 Tax rates...1. 6 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Inflation...0. 9 Crime and theft...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 1 Bolivia Bolivia Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Bolivia Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 131 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*15.141 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*49.0.130 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...87 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...137 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 8...97 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 5...121 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 6...120 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 8...82 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.6.96 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 5...130 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...51 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...120 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 0...124 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 5...98 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*not possible...143 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...76 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...89 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...97 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 8...48 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...75 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 80.72 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...105 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...105 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 3...76 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...24 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...30 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 0...120 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...98 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*1...143 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...128 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 7...130 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 6...129 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*39.5.83 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 3...100 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*9. 0...105 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.9.91 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...87 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...82 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*59.2.84 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.3.64 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 7...134 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...111 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...94 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...85 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...91 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...84 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...98 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 7...107 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 5...93 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...92 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...101 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...41 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...72 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...64 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...94 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...102 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...111 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 3...89 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 5...55 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 3...51 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 6...133 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 3...94 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 6...40 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...62 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...57 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...66 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...67 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...106 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...122 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...108 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 7...123 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 5...109 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...80 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...123 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...113 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 7...96 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 0...113 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...99 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 3...95 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 5...70 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 0...141 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 2...120 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*75.6.91 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 9...94 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*97.7.98 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 2...98 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 1...19 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*25.5.39 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 7...101 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.1.45 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*37.2.86 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*104.8.34 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 9...56 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*127.0.100 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 5...139 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 2...140 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*32.8.103 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*66.9.108 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 0...111 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*83.4.123 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*77.3.96 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*37.7.71 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 3...93 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 1...116 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 0...131 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...99 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 7...97 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 5...115 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 8...139 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...66 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 5...114 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...77 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*83.4.140 Bolivia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 132 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 1 GDP (US$ billions...14.8 GDP per capita (US$...7, 136 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 04 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.74.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..74.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..79.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..80.4.0 Basic requirements (50.2%).72.4.5 Institutions...39.4.5 Infrastructure...101.3.2 Macroeconomic environment...13.6.3 Health and primary education...127.4.1 Efficiency enhancers (42.4%).84.3.9 Higher education and training...101.3.6 Goods market efficiency...97.4.1 Labor market efficiency...36.4.6 Financial market development...57.4.2 Technological readiness...76.3.6 Market size...97.3.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (7. 5%).110.3.2 Business sophistication...116.3.5 Innovation...102.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Poor work ethic in national labor force...18.5 Inadequately educated workforce...12.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.4 Restrictive labor regulations...9. 9 Access to financing...9. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 0 Corruption...7. 4 Crime and theft...3. 8 Inflation...3. 0 Poor public health...2. 1 Policy instability...1. 7 Tax rates...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Tax regulations...0. 4 Botswana Botswana Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Botswana Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 133 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*60.0.132 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...48 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...67 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 9...75 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...16 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...83 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 2...60 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*59.5.43 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 5...132 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...112 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...69 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...42 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 8...82 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*21.7.103 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 6...14 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...82 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 8...36 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 5...59 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 7...51 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 91.28 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...72 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...67 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...56 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...54 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...67 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 6...43 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...57 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 4...92 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...92 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...94 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*15.0.116 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 1...104 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*6. 6...109 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*74.1.19 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 9...97 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...97 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*34.1.99 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.8.62 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 8...129 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 5...130 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...104 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...92 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...115 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 2...134 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 3...109 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 6...110 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...99 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...106 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...100 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...118 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...105 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...45 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 2...120 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...96 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 9...39 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 2...42 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 3...36 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 6...39 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 8...40 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 9...35 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 5...42 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 1...26 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...67 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 4...32 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 8...41 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 3...49 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...20 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 1...90 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 6...38 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 3...63 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 5...39 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...43 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...57 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 6...43 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 8...89 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...67 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 8...62 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 0...114 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 7...101 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*6. 1...139 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 4...127 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*160.6.11 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 6...95 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 2...18 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*38.7.12 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...103 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*15.9.14 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*62.8.45 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*29.9.26 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 8...39 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*408.0.133 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 7...138 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*23.0.141 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 2...139 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*41.0.112 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*47.0.143 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...85 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*83.8.122 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*81.7.94 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*7. 4...123 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 5...82 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 6...96 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...112 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 4...108 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...114 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...68 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...95 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...121 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...75 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 7...14 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*25.4.22 Botswana  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 134 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...198.3 GDP (US$ billions...2, 242.9 GDP per capita (US$...11,311 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...2. 79 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.57.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..56.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..48.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..53.4.3 Basic requirements (34.2%).83.4.4 Institutions...94.3.5 Infrastructure...76.4.0 Macroeconomic environment...85.4.5 Health and primary education...77.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).42.4.5 Higher education and training...41.4.9 Goods market efficiency...123.3.8 Labor market efficiency...109.3.8 Financial market development...53.4.3 Technological readiness...58.4.2 Market size...9...5. 7 Innovation and sophistication factors (15.8%).56.3.8 Business sophistication...47.4.3 Innovation...62.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax regulations...18.2 Restrictive labor regulations...15.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...15.0 Tax rates...13.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.8 Corruption...8. 8 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 1 Access to financing...3. 4 Policy instability...2. 4 Inflation...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 8 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Brazil Brazil Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Brazil Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 135 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*13.135 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*107.5.142 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...39 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...115 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.4.118 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...91 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 7...114 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 7...138 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*14.9.144 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...61 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...60 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...123 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 0...125 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 7...135 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.4.73 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...139 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...117 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 6...44 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 9...44 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...61 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 76.86 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 2...33 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 0...36 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...55 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...85 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...80 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 1...13 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...17 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 7...77 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 8...59 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 9...39 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*51.6.64 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*10.1.63 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*42.9.60 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*51.5.39 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 7...6 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 6...24 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*2, 423.3.7 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*12.5.140 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 1...21 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...54 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 6...24 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...99 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 8...69 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 2...55 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 2...48 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 9...30 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 1...40 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 1...44 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...50 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...43 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...54 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...77 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...114 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*3. 2...50 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 0...77 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 3...92 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 0...135 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 7...140 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 6...89 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...76 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...108 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 9...137 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...1. 9...143 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 2...107 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...94 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 2...128 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...23 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 2...124 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 9...119 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 9...83 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...107 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...41 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...56 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...35 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 1...120 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 8...122 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 7...95 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 7...122 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 4...113 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*3, 827.3.9 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 1...89 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*135.3.37 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*22.3.51 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 3...81 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.7.110 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 2...110 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*66.3.109 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*67.7.38 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*156.0.35 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 3...5 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*46.0.69 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...41 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 5...87 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...63 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*12.9.65 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.6.78 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 6...126 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.5.18 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*99.4.37 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*n/a n/a 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 7...126 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 6...131 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 5...53 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...98 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 5...47 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...44 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...52 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...35 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...55 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 4...139 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*68.3.136 Brazil  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 136 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...7. 2 GDP (US$ billions...53.0 GDP per capita (US$...7, 328 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 12 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.54.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..57.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..62.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..74.4.2 Basic requirements (40.0%).59.4.7 Institutions...112.3.3 Infrastructure...74.4.1 Macroeconomic environment...36.5.4 Health and primary education...51.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).52.4.3 Higher education and training...63.4.5 Goods market efficiency...63.4.4 Labor market efficiency...67.4.2 Financial market development...60.4.2 Technological readiness...41.4.7 Market size...63.3.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).106.3.3 Business sophistication...105.3.6 Innovation...105.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...14.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.2 Access to financing...11.4 Policy instability...9. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 2 Government instability/coups...7. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 4 Tax regulations...4. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 6 Tax rates...3. 6 Inflation...3. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Crime and theft...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9 Poor public health...0. 6 Bulgaria Bulgaria Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Bulgaria Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 137 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*18.0.84 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 2...120 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...99 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 0...108 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 8...113 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 1...67 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*73.5.31 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 0...40 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...111 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...111 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...44 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...96 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*7. 5...21 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...91 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 1...55 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 6...113 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...1. 8...142 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 8...142 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 89.34 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 2...85 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...85 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...95 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...53 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...79 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 0...62 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...103 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 4...91 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...85 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...91 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*53.1.62 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*19.0.39 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*107.2.27 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*58.3.31 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...66 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...60 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*105.0.68 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*69.8.27 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 3...98 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...67 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...129 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 8...119 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...113 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...63 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...90 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 8...102 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 2...120 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...108 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 5...81 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...100 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 0...113 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...97 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...96 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*5. 1...48 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...110 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 0...108 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 5...118 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 9...130 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 2...55 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...126 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 1...134 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...98 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...102 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 8...124 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 5...124 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 3...124 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 1...81 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...82 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...117 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 3...112 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...101 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...60 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...106 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...83 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...100 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 1...106 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 0...51 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...68 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 3...69 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*92.3.84 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 2...86 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*145.2.28 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*26.9.42 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 9...49 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*23.0.50 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...60 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*17.6.15 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*54.5.61 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*32.0.61 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 0...54 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...45 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*10.5.58 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.3.69 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 4...50 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.0.66 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*93.1.61 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*62.7.34 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 4...91 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...54 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 4...121 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 0...45 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...111 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 3...127 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 0...75 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 2...115 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...122 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...81 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*27.7.28 Bulgaria  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 138 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...16.8 GDP (US$ billions...12.2 GDP per capita (US$...729 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.135.3.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..140.3.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..133.3.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..136.3.3 Basic requirements (60.0%).135.3.3 Institutions...117.3.3 Infrastructure...141.2.0 Macroeconomic environment...83.4.5 Health and primary education...141.3.2 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).132.3.2 Higher education and training...136.2.4 Goods market efficiency...127.3.8 Labor market efficiency...70.4.2 Financial market development...127.3.1 Technological readiness...132.2.5 Market size...111.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).128.2.9 Business sophistication...136.3.0 Innovation...107.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...29.2 Corruption...23.6 Tax rates...8. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 6 Tax regulations...5. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 2 Policy instability...3. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 8 Inflation...2. 2 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 2 Crime and theft...1. 0 Poor public health...0. 6 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Burkina faso Burkina faso Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Burkina faso Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 139 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*13.0.67 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...82 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...83 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.8.112 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 1...105 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...53 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...93 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*39.2.90 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...101 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...1. 9...144 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...94 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...50 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...53 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.5.43 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...63 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 1...130 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 9...136 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...99 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 4...125 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 88.39 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 4...130 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 1...134 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...127 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 6...138 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 5...144 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 1...116 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...122 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 5...133 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 7...132 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...92 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*4. 4...133 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...129 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 1...131 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*9. 0...99 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...104 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...119 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*26.6.108 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.0.121 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...105 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...85 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 9...132 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 0...144 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 0...132 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 0...138 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 4...138 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 1...129 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 1...144 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 4...99 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...90 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...128 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...103 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...96 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...107 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...113 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...109 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 4...85 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 1...131 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 6...92 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...121 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 1...136 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...85 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...91 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...56 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...81 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...107 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 3...123 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 9...128 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 8...103 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...84 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 0...77 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...122 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...86 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...65 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...102 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 7...117 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 4...137 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 5...132 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 8...93 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 1...111 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 0...126 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*15.8.128 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 7...139 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*66.4.129 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 8...127 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 0...76 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.4.104 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.3.46 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*21.0.127 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*34,021. 6...75 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 1...70 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*54.0.76 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...107 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 0...109 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 3...116 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*65.8.135 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*55.9.130 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 1...109 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*66.4.137 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*25.9.141 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*4. 6...130 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...120 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 8...88 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...97 5. 06 Internet access in schools...1. 8...140 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 5...105 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 8...140 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...110 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 7...138 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 5...113 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...119 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*43.9.95 Burkina faso  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 140 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...9. 0 GDP (US$ billions...2. 7 GDP per capita (US$...303 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.139.3.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..146.2.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..144.2.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..140.2.9 Basic requirements (60.0%).130.3.4 Institutions...132.2.9 Infrastructure...140.2.0 Macroeconomic environment...112.4.0 Health and primary education...114.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).144.2.6 Higher education and training...142.2.1 Goods market efficiency...135.3.5 Labor market efficiency...103.3.9 Financial market development...142.2.4 Technological readiness...142.2.1 Market size...141.1.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).137.2.7 Business sophistication...139.2.9 Innovation...133.2.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...26.0 Access to financing...20.8 Policy instability...14.3 Inflation...10.0 Tax rates...7. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...2. 4 Tax regulations...2. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 4 Foreign currency regulations...2. 1 Government instability/coups...2. 1 Crime and theft...1. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 1 Burundi Burundi Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Burundi Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 141 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 0...14 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 8...136 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 5...139 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 7...95 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 8...139 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 3...129 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 9...136 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*37.4.97 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 3...139 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 2...141 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 4...138 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...61 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 3...118 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.9.76 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...133 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 6...137 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 8...139 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 0...138 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 9...138 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*1. 02.4 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 8...140 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 7...142 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 8...138 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 8...131 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...129 8. 06 Soundness of banks...2. 9...140 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...141 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 1...141 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 2...141 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 3...140 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*1. 3...142 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...142 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*11.2.95 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...132 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 8...139 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 7...143 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*5. 8...139 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*6. 0...143 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 6...137 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 3...135 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 7...138 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 7...122 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...136 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 1...135 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 4...140 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 6...142 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 8...137 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 8...140 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 4...134 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 2...137 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 8...122 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 7...128 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...116 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 8...134 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 6...131 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 2...129 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...104 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...125 1. 06 Judicial independence...1. 6...143 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 4...121 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 3...124 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...97 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...121 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...100 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 2...131 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...106 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 5...115 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 8...122 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 2...142 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 1...135 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 6...129 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...91 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 1...131 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 8...131 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 2...101 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 8...119 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 6...135 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1. 8...142 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 1...132 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.0.143 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 2...141 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 9...52 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*†3. 2...142 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 8...131 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.7.40 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*13.9.139 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*8, 528.3.57 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 3...66 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*130.0.101 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 9...132 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 3...114 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 9...127 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*66.9.136 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*53.6.135 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 5...131 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*94.0.70 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*28.5.137 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*3. 2...136 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 6...133 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 5...100 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 6...138 5. 06 Internet access in schools...1. 7...142 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 8...138 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 9...137 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 9...134 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 4...99 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 1...134 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 6...138 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*51.6.118 Burundi  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 142 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...15.4 GDP (US$ billions...15.7 GDP per capita (US$...1, 016 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.95.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..88.4.0 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..85.4.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..97.3.9 Basic requirements (60.0%).103.4.1 Institutions...119.3.2 Infrastructure...107.3.1 Macroeconomic environment...80.4.6 Health and primary education...91.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).100.3.6 Higher education and training...123.2.9 Goods market efficiency...90.4.2 Labor market efficiency...29.4.6 Financial market development...84.3.8 Technological readiness...102.3.0 Market size...87.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).116.3.2 Business sophistication...111.3.5 Innovation...116.2.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...19.4 Access to financing...12.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.4 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 4 Policy instability...7. 0 Government instability/coups...4. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 5 Tax regulations...3. 9 Foreign currency regulations...3. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Crime and theft...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Tax rates...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 1 Inflation...1. 6 Cambodia Cambodia Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Cambodia Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 143 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*11.128 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*104.0.141 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...75 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...88 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*13.0.128 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 7...64 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 8...33 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 1...128 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*93.7.9 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...77 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...66 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...74 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...92 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 8...13 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*19.4.92 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...34 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...39 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 9...89 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 7...51 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...56 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.18 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...91 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...92 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...131 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...80 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...60 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 5...88 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...118 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...87 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...97 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...51 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*6. 0...129 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 2...120 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*9. 3...104 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*9. 6...98 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 0...92 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...79 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*39.7.96 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*74.2.21 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 9...124 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 5...127 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...64 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 7...123 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 4...103 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...124 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...112 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...87 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...104 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 4...101 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 9...118 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...79 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 0...115 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...104 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 2...123 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 3...118 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 8...120 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...113 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 6...91 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 8...129 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...129 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...102 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...110 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...85 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 1...114 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 7...116 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 2...130 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...100 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 1...91 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 5...86 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 9...123 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...89 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 7...127 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...97 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...100 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 4...109 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 4...93 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 6...98 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 6...97 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 6...106 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*94.0.83 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 0...110 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*133.9.39 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*2. 8...116 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 0...72 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.9.107 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 0...58 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*28.1.30 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*26.7.117 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 076.4.42 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 5...45 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*411.0.134 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 2...123 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 8...104 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 4...112 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*33.9.107 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*71.4.87 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 9...113 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.4.24 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*45.0.125 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*15.8.101 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...101 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 2...111 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 3...123 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...100 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 6...104 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...82 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...86 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...87 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...74 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 1...35 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*21.4.14 Cambodia  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 144 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...22.0 GDP (US$ billions...28.0 GDP per capita (US$...1, 271 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 06 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.116.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..115.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..112.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..116.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).116.3.8 Institutions...91.3.5 Infrastructure...126.2.5 Macroeconomic environment...90.4.4 Health and primary education...112.4.7 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).113.3.5 Higher education and training...117.3.2 Goods market efficiency...113.4.0 Labor market efficiency...81.4.1 Financial market development...108.3.5 Technological readiness...120.2.8 Market size...91.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).84.3.5 Business sophistication...98.3.7 Innovation...71.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...18.6 Access to financing...17.9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...12.5 Tax regulations...9. 6 Tax rates...8. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 3 Inflation...3. 3 Policy instability...1. 9 Poor public health...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4 Crime and theft...1. 2 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Cameroon Cameroon Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Cameroon Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 145 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*15.0.75 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 3...112 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...120 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*14.3.132 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 8...61 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...69 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...90 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.9.104 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 2...96 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 8...123 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 6...128 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...98 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...38 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.3.72 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...84 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 4...114 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 6...109 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...102 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 9...101 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.55 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...106 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...109 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 9...101 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...92 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...102 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 5...92 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 9...126 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 1...112 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...84 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 4...83 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*6. 4...127 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...130 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 2...130 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...85 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 8...99 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*53.3.88 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.0.124 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...93 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...103 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...87 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...97 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...48 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...125 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...93 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 8...98 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...108 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...64 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 5...83 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 3...53 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 4...82 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...41 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...64 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...107 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 6...99 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 4...87 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 4...121 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 6...87 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 1...115 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 8...113 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...92 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...86 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...79 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...78 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...74 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...62 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...87 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 4...72 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...79 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 3...62 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...97 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...115 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...54 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...86 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 2...116 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 9...116 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 8...63 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 6...95 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 3...118 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*51.4.99 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 4...126 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*70.4.123 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 6...109 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 2...95 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.2.96 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*18.6.16 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*25.9.118 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*17,051. 0...58 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 8...59 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*238.0.125 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 1...127 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*4. 5...131 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 0...124 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*61.1.131 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*54.6.134 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...81 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.5.93 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*50.4.121 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*11.9.110 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...62 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...65 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...58 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 7...127 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 0...77 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...69 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...109 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...65 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...78 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...98 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*48.8.108 Cameroon  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 146 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...35.1 GDP (US$ billions...1, 825.1 GDP per capita (US$...51,990 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 75 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.15.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..14.5.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..14.5.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..12.5.3 Basic requirements (20.0%).18.5.7 Institutions...14.5.4 Infrastructure...15.5.7 Macroeconomic environment...51.5.1 Health and primary education...7...6. 6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).6...5. 4 Higher education and training...18.5.5 Goods market efficiency...15.5.1 Labor market efficiency...7...5. 2 Financial market development...8...5. 4 Technological readiness...22.5.6 Market size...13.5.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).24.4.7 Business sophistication...23.4.9 Innovation...22.4.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...15.6 Tax rates...15.1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...9. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...9. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 1 Tax regulations...9. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Policy instability...3. 5 Inflation...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Corruption...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Canada Canada Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Canada Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 147 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*1...1 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 0...14 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...28 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...81 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 7...40 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...13 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...52 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 9...28 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.7.109 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 4...15 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...16 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 0...26 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...46 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...26 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.0.37 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...23 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...29 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 9...8 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 8...14 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 2...9 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 91.26 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 1...5 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 8...8 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 9...11 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 8...18 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 6...17 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 7...1 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 6...10 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 2...16 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 4...30 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...71 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*85.8.13 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*33.3.12 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*115.9.22 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*41.0.52 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 4...13 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 8...21 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 526.1.13 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*29.4.99 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...30 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...14 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 8...19 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 2...35 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...47 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...32 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 3...20 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 3...18 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 1...11 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 6...26 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 5...15 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 9...27 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 9...19 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...48 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 1...12 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*84.8.19 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 0...9 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 7...12 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 2...20 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 8...13 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 8...17 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 2...9 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 4...18 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 1...23 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 8...39 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 5...10 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 8...11 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 1...18 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...74 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...34 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 3...50 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 1...11 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 6...13 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 2...6 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 6...9 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 4...11 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 7...4 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 6...19 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 3...23 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 8...18 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 5...21 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 9...16 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*3, 389.7.13 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 5...13 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*78.4.115 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*49.7.13 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 0...74 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*21.1.61 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*89.1.124 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*93.1.3 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*4. 6...7 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 6...20 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 3...26 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 7...33 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.2.16 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 5...11 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.9.2 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*103.4.23 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*58.9.45 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 2...11 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 1...19 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 8...7 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 2...9 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 3...20 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 7...22 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...33 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 7...21 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 8...22 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 4...24 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*24.3.20 Canada  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 148 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 5 GDP (US$ billions...1. 9 GDP per capita (US$...3, 837 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 00 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.114.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..122.3.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..122.3.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..119.3.6 Basic requirements (40.0%).91.4.3 Institutions...66.3.9 Infrastructure...104.3.1 Macroeconomic environment...106.4.1 Health and primary education...57.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).127.3.3 Higher education and training...89.3.9 Goods market efficiency...110.4.0 Labor market efficiency...126.3.6 Financial market development...115.3.4 Technological readiness...80.3.5 Market size...144.1.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).109.3.2 Business sophistication...114.3.5 Innovation...101.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...21.1 Tax rates...15.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.0 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...9. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 0 Tax regulations...5. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 4 Corruption...4. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 3 Crime and theft...3. 0 Inflation...3. 0 Poor public health...1. 7 Policy instability...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 5 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Cape verde Cape verde Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Cape verde Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 149 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*10.0.52 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...53 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...101 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.3.105 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...69 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...85 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 2...120 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*51.0.61 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 6...129 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...110 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...114 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...80 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...111 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*29.5.127 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...89 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...118 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...121 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 7...54 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...62 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 64.108 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...119 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 8...100 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...94 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...100 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...91 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 4...96 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...96 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 7...75 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 6...69 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...61 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*37.5.89 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 3...86 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*11.6.94 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*42.6.48 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 0...144 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 2...142 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*2. 2...144 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*36.5.75 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 8...128 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...117 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 4...101 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...89 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...114 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 3...130 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...94 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 7...108 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...110 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...97 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 1...108 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...107 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...97 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 9...36 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...112 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...93 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 2...97 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 8...48 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 6...40 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 4...51 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 2...51 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 4...50 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 6...42 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...49 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 6...77 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...66 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 1...60 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...75 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 8...101 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...100 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 4...56 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 1...60 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...112 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...107 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 7...98 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 0...113 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 7...94 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...64 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 9...84 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...95 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*40.4.106 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 7...120 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*100.1.94 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*13.3.80 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 7...133 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*34.6.16 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*95.0.131 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*31.9.102 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*22.2.21 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 5...20 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*144.0.105 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 3...82 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 4...74 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*18.9.90 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.5.63 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 0...68 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.2.43 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*92.7.63 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*20.6.90 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 9...57 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 9...86 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 7...107 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 8...90 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 5...108 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...104 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 5...117 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...53 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...88 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...116 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*37.2.70 Cape verde  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 150 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...11.0 GDP (US$ billions...13.4 GDP per capita (US$...1, 218 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.143.2.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..148.2.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..139.3.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..142.2.9 Basic requirements (60.0%).143.2.9 Institutions...140.2.7 Infrastructure...144.1.7 Macroeconomic environment...73.4.7 Health and primary education...144.2.7 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).142.2.7 Higher education and training...143.2.0 Goods market efficiency...142.2.9 Labor market efficiency...120.3.7 Financial market development...136.2.7 Technological readiness...143.2.1 Market size...106.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).141.2.6 Business sophistication...143.2.8 Innovation...139.2.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...21.3 Corruption...14.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.3 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 5 Tax regulations...6. 0 Tax rates...5. 6 Policy instability...5. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 0 Government instability/coups...3. 0 Crime and theft...2. 9 Poor public health...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...1. 3 Inflation...1. 2 Chad Chad Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Chad Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 151 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*62.0.133 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...108 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 2...142 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*14.6.135 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 3...128 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 1...131 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 1...141 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.1.81 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...2. 8...143 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 0...142 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 6...127 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...66 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 3...114 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.0.57 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...134 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 8...135 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 1...143 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 4...129 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 9...99 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 82.68 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 6...142 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 9...140 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 8...139 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 1...124 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...136 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 2...134 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 8...142 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...2. 9...143 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 3...140 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 4...137 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*2. 3...136 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...125 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*0. 6...142 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...108 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...106 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*28.0.103 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*37.3.73 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 0...118 11.02 Local supplier quality...2. 7...143 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 8...136 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 7...127 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...125 11.06 Control of international distribution...2. 7...144 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 3...143 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 5...144 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 4...140 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 8...139 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 2...139 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 2...136 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 2...139 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...133 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 2...124 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 5...140 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 5...134 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 8...138 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...103 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 3...138 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 2...133 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 1...133 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...105 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...113 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 5...133 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 0...142 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 8...140 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 2...134 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 0...126 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 5...131 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 6...134 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 2...134 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 2...136 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 5...139 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 8...140 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 3...139 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 6...128 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...1. 8...142 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 3...142 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*10.1.135 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 7...140 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*35.6.140 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 2...140 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 4...61 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.3.79 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 2...65 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*30.2.36 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*15.5.138 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*26,509. 9...67 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...2. 8...75 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*151.0.107 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 4...140 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*2. 7...126 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 4...138 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*89.4.142 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*50.7.138 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 3...134 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*63.1.139 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*22.8.144 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*2. 3...138 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 5...135 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 8...127 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 7...137 5. 06 Internet access in schools...1. 5...144 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 7...142 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 8...139 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 8...137 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 7...139 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 7...141 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 4...140 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*73.8.138 Chad  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 152 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...17.6 GDP (US$ billions...277.0 GDP per capita (US$...15,776 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 39 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.33.4.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..34.4.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..33.4.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..31.4.7 Basic requirements (23.1%).30.5.3 Institutions...28.4.8 Infrastructure...49.4.6 Macroeconomic environment...22.5.9 Health and primary education...70.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).29.4.7 Higher education and training...32.5.1 Goods market efficiency...34.4.7 Labor market efficiency...50.4.4 Financial market development...19.4.9 Technological readiness...42.4.6 Market size...41.4.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (26.9%).49.3.9 Business sophistication...55.4.2 Innovation...48.3.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...18.4 Inadequately educated workforce...16.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...10.5 Tax regulations...10.0 Tax rates...7. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 3 Access to financing...6. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 6 Poor public health...3. 1 Policy instability...1. 3 Corruption...1. 0 Crime and theft...0. 9 Inflation...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Chile Chile Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Chile Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 153 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 5...18 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 5...14 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 8...22 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 6...66 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...14 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 3...18 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 0...27 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*34.4.102 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 3...88 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...29 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 6...48 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 6...25 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...66 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...28 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...41 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 7...39 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 8...15 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 3...23 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 69.99 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 5...21 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 9...42 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 4...26 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 7...20 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 3...32 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 3...11 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 3...23 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 7...31 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 2...39 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 3...12 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*66.5.43 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.3.57 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*56.3.47 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*35.6.60 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...41 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...45 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*334.8.42 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*32.5.89 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...81 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 8...43 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...61 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 5...68 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...49 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 3...48 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 3...42 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 8...36 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...73 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...76 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...51 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...77 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 2...39 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...40 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...29 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*6. 7...43 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 0...38 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 9...56 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 0...23 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 7...35 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 7...21 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 2...27 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 0...27 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 2...21 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...21 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 4...30 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...33 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 0...19 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...56 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 6...61 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...45 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 3...4 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 0...26 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...39 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...28 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 6...42 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 7...50 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 1...31 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 5...73 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...35 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 0...45 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*560.1.40 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...54 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*134.3.38 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*18.2.64 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 7...32 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.5.65 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*12.2.8 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*80.6.20 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*16.0.37 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 6...19 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...47 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*7. 8...48 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*79.6.33 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...99 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.7.81 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*89.0.71 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*74.4.20 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 7...71 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 5...99 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 4...13 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 1...42 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 5...46 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 2...52 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...27 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...133 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 6...34 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 2...31 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*27.7.28 Chile  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 154 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1, 360.8 GDP (US$ billions...9, 181.4 GDP per capita (US$...6, 747 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...15.40 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.28.4.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..29.4.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..29.4.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..26.4.9 Basic requirements (40.0%).28.5.3 Institutions...47.4.2 Infrastructure...46.4.7 Macroeconomic environment...10.6.4 Health and primary education...46.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).30.4.7 Higher education and training...65.4.4 Goods market efficiency...56.4.4 Labor market efficiency...37.4.6 Financial market development...54.4.3 Technological readiness...83.3.5 Market size...2...6. 9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).33.4.1 Business sophistication...43.4.4 Innovation...32.3.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...15.8 Corruption...12.4 Tax regulations...9. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 6 Inflation...6. 4 Policy instability...6. 3 Tax rates...6. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 9 Foreign currency regulations...4. 8 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 0 Government instability/coups...4. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 6 Crime and theft...1. 8 Poor public health...1. 0 China China Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development China Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 155 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*13.135 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*33.0.116 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 7...11 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...54 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.1.115 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...71 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 0...26 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 3...55 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.8.130 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 5...70 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...18 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 4...58 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...84 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 6...15 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...36 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 8...15 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 6...43 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 2...31 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 2...27 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 84.60 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 5...63 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 4...50 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 2...34 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 7...21 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 9...13 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 0...63 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...58 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...97 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...68 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 5...81 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*45.8.75 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.6.51 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 2...120 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*21.4.78 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 8...2 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*7. 0...1 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*13,395. 4...2 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*26.3.109 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 1...24 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 5...63 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 6...25 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 9...45 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 3...37 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...31 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...56 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 5...52 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...49 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 2...40 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 3...39 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 3...23 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 4...32 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 3...10 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...43 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*11.7.34 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 5...50 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 0...53 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 9...45 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 1...26 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 0...66 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 0...60 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 1...22 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 1...24 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 1...19 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...49 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 6...47 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...33 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...85 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...52 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...70 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 3...61 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 2...55 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 4...82 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...78 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...67 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 4...64 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 6...49 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 8...17 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 6...53 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 7...58 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*14,163. 0...2 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 2...56 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*88.7.108 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*19.3.59 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 9...50 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*50.0.5 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.4.22 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*77.5.25 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 5...15 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 0...32 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*73.0.84 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 9...96 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 0...88 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*12.1.62 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.2.53 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 2...59 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.9.4 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*89.0.72 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*26.7.85 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 0...52 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...56 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...85 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 3...38 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...58 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...46 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...44 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 3...29 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 5...38 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...44 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*63.7.131 China  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 156 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...47.2 GDP (US$ billions...381.8 GDP per capita (US$...8, 098 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 61 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.66.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..69.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..69.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..68.4.2 Basic requirements (40.0%).78.4.5 Institutions...111.3.3 Infrastructure...84.3.7 Macroeconomic environment...29.5.6 Health and primary education...105.5.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).63.4.2 Higher education and training...69.4.4 Goods market efficiency...109.4.0 Labor market efficiency...84.4.1 Financial market development...70.4.0 Technological readiness...68.3.8 Market size...32.4.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).64.3.6 Business sophistication...62.4.1 Innovation...77.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...19.3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...14.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.2 Tax regulations...8. 8 Crime and theft...7. 7 Tax rates...7. 5 Access to financing...6. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 2 Policy instability...3. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 7 Government instability/coups...1. 6 Poor public health...1. 4 Inflation...1. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Colombia Colombia Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Colombia Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 157 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*15.0.75 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 9...134 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...119 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 6...82 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...76 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...63 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...91 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*18.4.139 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 0...42 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...79 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 6...47 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...53 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 8...79 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*16.7.80 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...122 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 7...95 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 4...57 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...74 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 1...89 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 72.95 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 8...53 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...114 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 4...71 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...77 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...82 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...30 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...75 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...84 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...89 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...54 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*51.7.63 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*9. 3...67 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*76.1.35 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 9...100 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...28 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...54 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*527.6.28 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*16.9.135 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...28 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 8...41 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...78 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...73 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...56 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...61 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...77 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...85 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...54 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...85 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 5...82 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...84 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 9...49 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...50 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 8...85 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 2...66 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...84 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 2...96 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 2...128 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 0...125 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 3...105 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 8...112 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...107 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...101 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...122 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...91 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...91 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...84 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 7...138 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 7...134 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 8...139 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 0...78 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...110 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...77 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...40 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...68 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 3...6 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 4...108 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 7...126 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 5...102 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...90 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...78 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*563.8.39 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 1...60 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*104.1.87 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*14.8.77 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 0...37 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.9.62 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.8.42 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*65.2.40 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*203.3.38 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 3...27 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*33.0.62 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 3...83 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 5...88 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 9...91 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*15.1.76 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.8.75 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...101 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*83.9.121 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*92.8.62 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*45.0.61 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 4...90 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 3...109 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...69 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 0...82 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 1...71 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...83 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...56 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 4...101 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...58 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 0...127 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*76.0.139 Colombia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 158 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...4. 8 GDP (US$ billions...49.6 GDP per capita (US$...10,433 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.51.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..54.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..57.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..61.4.3 Basic requirements (36.4%).62.4.7 Institutions...46.4.3 Infrastructure...73.4.1 Macroeconomic environment...93.4.4 Health and primary education...48.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).56.4.3 Higher education and training...37.5.0 Goods market efficiency...52.4.5 Labor market efficiency...57.4.3 Financial market development...92.3.7 Technological readiness...40.4.8 Market size...82.3.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (13.6%).35.4.1 Business sophistication...32.4.5 Innovation...34.3.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...26.8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...23.9 Access to financing...10.9 Corruption...8. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 6 Tax regulations...6. 5 Tax rates...4. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 2 Inflation...1. 8 Policy instability...1. 5 Crime and theft...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Costa rica Costa rica Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Costa rica Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 159 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*24.0.100 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...94 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...126 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 9...50 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 3...28 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 9...32 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 9...78 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*40.2.87 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...37 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 7...49 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...13 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...76 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 3...33 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*18.7.88 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...64 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 2...52 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 7...42 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 8...16 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 0...33 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 60.117 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...70 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...68 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 4...117 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 2...118 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...111 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...31 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...41 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 0...62 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...45 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 6...5 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*46.0.73 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*9. 7...66 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*73.5.36 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*72.1.20 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...81 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...86 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*61.6.83 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*35.2.78 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...71 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 7...45 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 2...39 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 5...29 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 5...28 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...60 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 7...32 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...46 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 4...29 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 3...36 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 8...31 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 6...40 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 4...33 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...67 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 8...25 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 3...64 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 6...46 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 0...49 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 7...54 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...71 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 4...49 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 0...32 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 5...45 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 4...120 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 3...88 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...63 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...28 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 3...50 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...14 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 0...92 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 2...53 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 0...38 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 5...41 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 1...45 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...41 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...33 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...103 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 8...119 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 9...91 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 0...115 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 6...61 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*124.4.76 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 6...42 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*146.0.27 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*19.9.56 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 6...116 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.3.95 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...94 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*37.0.56 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*56.0.58 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 2...9 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 5...4 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*11.0.30 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 4...29 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...49 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*8. 6...52 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*79.7.31 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...39 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.0.89 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*103.6.21 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*46.7.56 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 7...21 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 4...47 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 3...16 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 7...57 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 9...28 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 7...21 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...59 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 4...28 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...46 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...68 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*55.3.125 Costa rica  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 160 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...24.1 GDP (US$ billions...28.3 GDP per capita (US$...1, 175 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.115.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..126.3.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..131.3.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..129.3.4 Basic requirements (60.0%).119.3.7 Institutions...86.3.6 Infrastructure...93.3.4 Macroeconomic environment...68.4.7 Health and primary education...140.3.2 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).108.3.6 Higher education and training...121.3.1 Goods market efficiency...82.4.2 Labor market efficiency...73.4.2 Financial market development...78.3.9 Technological readiness...117.2.8 Market size...94.3.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).86.3.5 Business sophistication...100.3.7 Innovation...69.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...32.3 Corruption...15.1 Tax rates...14.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.0 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 0 Crime and theft...2. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 4 Policy instability...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Inflation...0. 2 Tax regulations...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 0 CÃ'te d†Ivoire CÃ'te d†Ivoire Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development CÃ'te d†Ivoire Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 161 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...32 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 2...92 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.8.114 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...55 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...54 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 3...119 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*50.3.64 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...86 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...82 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...40 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...95 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...29 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.1.60 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...66 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 1...54 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 0...83 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 8...49 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...41 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 65.107 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...113 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...93 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 3...75 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 1...44 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 8...55 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...77 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...100 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...88 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 6...73 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...120 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*2. 6...135 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 3...116 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*22.7.78 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 9...94 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...85 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*43.8.91 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*51.4.45 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...104 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...79 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...109 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...100 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...98 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...126 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 4...104 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...89 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...86 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...88 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...62 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...57 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...86 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...38 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...60 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...110 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...107 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...99 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...70 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...60 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 9...71 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 2...95 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...56 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 7...38 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...50 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...67 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 6...48 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...83 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...103 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 3...120 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 2...104 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...92 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...93 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...80 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...72 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...65 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 0...77 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 9...73 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 8...60 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 1...34 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...53 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*48.5.102 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 9...96 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*95.4.103 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 3...121 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 5...63 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.0.99 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*43.2.72 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*27.2.114 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*20,665. 6...64 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 6...41 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*172.0.112 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 1...125 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*3. 2...129 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 5...109 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*76.2.139 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*50.4.139 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 2...103 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*61.9.140 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*24.3.143 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*4. 5...131 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...80 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 1...22 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 8...37 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 4...110 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 3...62 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...70 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...112 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 4...97 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...82 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...100 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*46.4.103 CÃ'te d†Ivoire  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 162 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...4. 3 GDP (US$ billions...58.1 GDP per capita (US$...13,562 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 09 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.77.4.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..75.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..81.4.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..76.4.1 Basic requirements (28.6%).63.4.7 Institutions...87.3.6 Infrastructure...44.4.7 Macroeconomic environment...91.4.4 Health and primary education...60.5.9 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).68.4.1 Higher education and training...53.4.7 Goods market efficiency...105.4.1 Labor market efficiency...106.3.9 Financial market development...74.3.9 Technological readiness...44.4.6 Market size...79.3.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (21.4%).87.3.5 Business sophistication...83.3.8 Innovation...93.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...18.6 Policy instability...13.8 Corruption...12.4 Tax regulations...11.5 Tax rates...10.6 Access to financing...10.4 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 3 Crime and theft...2. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 1 Government instability/coups...2. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 5 Poor public health...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Inflation...0. 2 Croatia Croatia Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Croatia Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 163 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 5...141 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...35 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 2...45 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...92 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...2. 6...140 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 6...41 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.4.79 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...60 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 7...128 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...126 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...34 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 9...129 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.1.71 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 2...142 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...78 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...99 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 1...137 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 8...141 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 84.59 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...78 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 8...101 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 8...104 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...106 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...114 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...69 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...72 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 1...59 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 6...72 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 0...110 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*66.7.42 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*21.5.36 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*40.5.62 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*65.3.24 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...76 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...75 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*77.9.77 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.4.63 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...62 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...51 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...117 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...56 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...82 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...96 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...97 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 9...94 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...98 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...124 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...53 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...75 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 4...81 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 7...129 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...79 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*10.0.36 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...92 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 6...75 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 3...64 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 0...124 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 0...67 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 2...100 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...119 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 2...129 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 2...141 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 5...134 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 1...138 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 3...121 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...5 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...32 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 4...49 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 4...55 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...71 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...94 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...96 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...105 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 9...44 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 6...17 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 9...58 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 6...51 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 2...76 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*78.9.89 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 7...40 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*114.5.66 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*36.8.30 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 5...114 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*19.5.71 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*59.8.99 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*53.4.63 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*14.0.33 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 7...17 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 8...5 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 0...27 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.9.42 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 6...41 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*89.3.103 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*98.4.39 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*61.6.38 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...97 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 9...26 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...76 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 8...52 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 1...70 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 2...129 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...83 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...110 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...97 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 1...142 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*19.8.11 Croatia  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 164 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 9 GDP (US$ billions...21.8 GDP per capita (US$...24,761 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.58.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..58.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..58.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..47.4.4 Basic requirements (20.0%).58.4.7 Institutions...42.4.4 Infrastructure...45.4.7 Macroeconomic environment...134.3.3 Health and primary education...9...6. 5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).57.4.3 Higher education and training...33.5.1 Goods market efficiency...27.4.9 Labor market efficiency...30.4.6 Financial market development...83.3.8 Technological readiness...43.4.6 Market size...115.2.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).38.4.1 Business sophistication...40.4.4 Innovation...36.3.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...28.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...18.8 Restrictive labor regulations...8. 8 Corruption...7. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 5 Tax rates...5. 1 Government instability/coups...4. 8 Foreign currency regulations...3. 6 Inflation...3. 3 Policy instability...2. 9 Crime and theft...2. 7 Tax regulations...2. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 5 Cyprus Cyprus Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Cyprus Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 165 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...41 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 0...12 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...84 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...51 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 9...29 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*43.8.78 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...34 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...37 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 8...36 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 5...108 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...39 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*5. 7...15 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...18 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...59 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 9...86 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 0...38 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 5...66 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.61 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 7...57 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 4...51 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 5...113 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...109 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...75 8. 06 Soundness of banks...2. 4...143 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...68 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 4...42 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 1...40 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 5...78 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*65.5.45 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*19.9.38 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*63.4.43 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*31.6.64 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...119 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...109 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*22.3.115 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*43.5.59 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...77 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 9...39 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...50 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 4...30 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 2...39 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...22 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 3...45 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 9...32 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 0...46 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...63 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 3...40 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...46 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 2...40 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...55 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 9...17 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*12.0.33 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...54 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 3...39 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 3...37 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...58 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 0...34 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 5...45 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...63 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 4...56 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 1...15 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 0...51 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...31 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 7...25 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...28 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 7...14 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 7...30 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 7...44 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 2...51 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 0...52 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...90 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...61 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 2...30 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 3...24 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 9...45 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 1...43 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*198.1.64 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 5...43 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*95.2.104 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*30.6.36 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 7...105 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*10.0.128 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...61 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*112.0.136 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*32.8.97 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*5. 4...9 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...39 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...51 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 5...9 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*79.6.32 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 4...14 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.9.32 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.3.55 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*45.9.60 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 2...13 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 4...10 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 0...30 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 6...30 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 7...34 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...43 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...37 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...55 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 7...29 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 4...21 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*22.5.17 Cyprus  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 166 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...10.5 GDP (US$ billions...198.3 GDP per capita (US$...18,858 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 33 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.37.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..46.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..39.4.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..38.4.5 Basic requirements (20.0%).39.5.0 Institutions...76.3.8 Infrastructure...41.4.7 Macroeconomic environment...40.5.4 Health and primary education...37.6.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).34.4.6 Higher education and training...35.5.0 Goods market efficiency...50.4.5 Labor market efficiency...62.4.3 Financial market development...44.4.5 Technological readiness...36.5.0 Market size...42.4.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).36.4.1 Business sophistication...35.4.5 Innovation...39.3.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...18.6 Corruption...16.3 Policy instability...9. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...9. 0 Tax regulations...8. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 3 Tax rates...6. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 9 Access to financing...5. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 9 Crime and theft...3. 5 Government instability/coups...3. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 4 Inflation...0. 0 Czech republic Czech republic Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Czech republic Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 167 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*19.5.92 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...102 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...72 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 0...7 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...67 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 5...47 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*82.1.20 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...59 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...76 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...52 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...43 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 2...121 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.2.95 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...110 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 6...19 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...47 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 3...80 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 1...93 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 80.74 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 1...38 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 1...31 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 2...84 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...36 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 1...42 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 9...24 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...59 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 2...51 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...50 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...36 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*74.1.31 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*17.0.41 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*111.2.25 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*45.3.44 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...48 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 5...27 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*286.0.44 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*92.8.10 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 1...23 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 3...22 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 1...47 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 9...46 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 6...27 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...113 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 9...30 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 8...35 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 1...42 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 6...28 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 5...36 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 7...31 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 0...42 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...107 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...55 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*15.8.30 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 0...75 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 9...55 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...98 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 7...138 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 9...70 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 9...62 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...106 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...5. 0...7 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 6...132 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...100 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 7...115 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...99 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...42 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...50 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 0...59 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...75 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...94 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...56 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...68 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...71 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 0...38 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...81 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 5...21 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...75 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 5...26 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*193.3.65 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 4...19 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*131.3.41 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*18.7.63 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 9...70 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*21.3.60 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 4...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*47.9.83 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*75.1.27 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*5. 3...8 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...68 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 5...73 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 1...14 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*78.1.37 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 5...46 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.0.55 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*96.6.49 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*64.2.32 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...77 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 1...74 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...68 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 8...27 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 9...27 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...55 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 7...17 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...34 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 1...65 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...107 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*48.1.106 Czech republic  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 168 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...5. 6 GDP (US$ billions...331.0 GDP per capita (US$...59,191 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 24 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.13.5.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..15.5.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..12.5.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..8...5. 4 Basic requirements (20.0%).13.5.9 Institutions...16.5.3 Infrastructure...21.5.6 Macroeconomic environment...16.6.1 Health and primary education...25.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).17.5.1 Higher education and training...10.5.7 Goods market efficiency...23.5.0 Labor market efficiency...12.5.0 Financial market development...27.4.7 Technological readiness...6...6. 1 Market size...54.4.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).9...5. 2 Business sophistication...11.5.3 Innovation...11.5.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...23.2 Access to financing...18.3 Tax regulations...14.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.5 Restrictive labor regulations...10.8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 5 Policy instability...0. 7 Crime and theft...0. 6 Inflation...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 2 Corruption...0. 0 Denmark Denmark Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Denmark Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 169 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 5...18 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...34 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...44 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 4...25 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...42 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...23 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*47.5.72 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 5...10 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 7...47 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...6. 0...3 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 5...107 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 3...6 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...132 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...62 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...6. 0...5 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 9...40 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...49 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.22 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 3...32 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 0...34 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 9...41 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...60 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...87 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 7...81 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...18 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 8...28 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 7...15 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...46 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*94.6.4 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*40.2.2 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*261.2.9 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*107.3.6 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...54 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...44 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*211.9.53 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*54.6.40 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...29 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 6...7 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...34 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 2...3 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 2...10 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...25 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 6...14 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 1...27 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...6. 1...1 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 3...8 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 4...17 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 8...13 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 9...20 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...80 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...32 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*214.8.7 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 7...17 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 3...24 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 4...2 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 7...16 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 2...13 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 5...3 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 6...13 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...36 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...80 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 0...20 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 7...44 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...32 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...95 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 7...60 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...46 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 0...15 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 2...4 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...28 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...24 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 8...26 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 8...15 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 4...21 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 5...20 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 8...10 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 6...24 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*504.1.42 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 7...5 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*127.5.47 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*37.4.29 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 4...29 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*24.0.47 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.2.76 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*90.0.10 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 4...21 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 9...3 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 8...3 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 0...13 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.1.28 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...35 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.9.33 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*124.7.4 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*79.6.14 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 8...18 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 5...42 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 2...21 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...22 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 3...18 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 9...15 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...45 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 1...12 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 7...25 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...115 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*27.0.26 Denmark  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 170 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...10.4 GDP (US$ billions...60.8 GDP per capita (US$...5, 834 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 12 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.101.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..105.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..105.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..110.3.7 Basic requirements (40.0%).106.4.0 Institutions...116.3.3 Infrastructure...98.3.3 Macroeconomic environment...94.4.4 Health and primary education...107.5.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).90.3.8 Higher education and training...99.3.7 Goods market efficiency...94.4.2 Labor market efficiency...107.3.8 Financial market development...99.3.7 Technological readiness...84.3.5 Market size...68.3.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).90.3.4 Business sophistication...73.3.9 Innovation...103.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...15.6 Access to financing...11.5 Corruption...10.4 Inflation...9. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 5 Crime and theft...5. 4 Poor public health...5. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7 Tax regulations...4. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 4 Foreign currency regulations...2. 8 Policy instability...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Dominican republic Dominicanâ Republic Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Domincan Republic Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 171 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*18.5.87 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...67 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...102 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*7. 4...86 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...39 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...77 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 4...51 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.7.115 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...76 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 1...98 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...55 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 2...55 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 0...61 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*26.2.116 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...118 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...83 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 7...103 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 3...82 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...76 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 67.102 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 8...52 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 8...99 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 8...105 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...75 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...83 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 6...45 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...87 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 0...60 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 5...77 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...29 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*45.9.74 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 7...83 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*16.9.89 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.4.72 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...67 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...81 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*103.2.69 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*25.6.112 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...61 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...72 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...80 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 9...115 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...65 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...59 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...81 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...58 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...76 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...74 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 9...113 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...108 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...94 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 6...59 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...115 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 5...80 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...90 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 2...95 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 1...132 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 0...128 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 3...107 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...121 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 2...132 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 4...118 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...81 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...86 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...65 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 2...54 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...89 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 3...121 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...115 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 6...139 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...124 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...75 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...62 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...75 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 7...93 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 4...53 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 6...52 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...52 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*388.8.49 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 4...128 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*88.4.109 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*11.3.85 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 6...85 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*11.6.123 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 8...90 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.8.47 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*39.8.79 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*12.7.19 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 2...28 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*62.0.80 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 0...93 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 8...96 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*22.8.93 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.2.82 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 2...138 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*86.5.110 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*75.9.97 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*34.1.75 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 6...132 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 1...142 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...109 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 5...104 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 1...74 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...86 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 0...72 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 2...116 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...90 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...121 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*43.5.93 Dominican republic  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 172 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2, 000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...84.2 GDP (US$ billions...271.4 GDP per capita (US$...3, 226 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 64 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.119.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..118.3.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..107.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..94.3.9 Basic requirements (40.0%).121.3.7 Institutions...100.3.4 Infrastructure...100.3.2 Macroeconomic environment...141.3.0 Health and primary education...97.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).106.3.6 Higher education and training...111.3.3 Goods market efficiency...118.4.0 Labor market efficiency...140.3.1 Financial market development...125.3.2 Technological readiness...95.3.2 Market size...29.4.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).113.3.2 Business sophistication...95.3.7 Innovation...124.2.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Policy instability...21.0 Government instability/coups...12.5 Access to financing...10.2 Foreign currency regulations...8. 4 Corruption...7. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 4 Crime and theft...4. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 1 Tax rates...3. 9 Inflation...3. 2 Tax regulations...3. 1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 7 Poor public health...0. 9 Egypt Egypt Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Egypt Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 173 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 1...123 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...121 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*16.0.136 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 3...126 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 6...124 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 8...81 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.5.124 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...36 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 6...131 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...95 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...67 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...69 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*36.8.134 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...117 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 0...131 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 1...134 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...110 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...108 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 32.139 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 4...129 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 3...126 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...60 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 9...129 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...103 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...110 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...107 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...127 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 8...126 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 4...85 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*49.6.68 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 3...88 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*5. 3...115 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*31.1.66 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 7...27 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...51 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*553.6.27 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*17.4.134 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...68 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...106 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...38 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...96 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...81 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 3...131 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 1...120 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...118 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 2...35 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...132 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 4...135 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...133 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 4...133 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...113 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...41 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 6...77 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 6...104 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...110 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...101 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 5...93 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 0...65 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 0...57 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 7...36 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 2...130 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 7...46 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...105 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...82 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...72 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 4...143 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 5...137 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 5...127 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 3...111 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...69 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...117 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 6...136 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...109 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 7...117 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 9...125 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 9...118 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 4...78 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...66 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 6...60 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*654.0.34 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 7...121 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*121.5.55 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 3...97 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†14.1.142 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*12.1.122 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 9...118 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*89.2.125 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*28.8.112 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 8...1 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*17.0.40 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 7...16 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 9...1 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*17.9.85 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.9.89 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 1...141 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.1.64 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.3.81 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*30.1.80 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 2...141 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 4...136 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 0...144 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 5...131 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 2...124 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 8...142 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 0...133 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...123 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 5...111 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...79 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*42.6.90 Egypt  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 174 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 3 GDP (US$ billions...24.5 GDP per capita (US$...3, 875 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 06 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.84.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..97.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..101.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..91.3.9 Basic requirements (40.0%).80.4.4 Institutions...99.3.4 Infrastructure...57.4.3 Macroeconomic environment...100.4.2 Health and primary education...80.5.6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).96.3.7 Higher education and training...94.3.9 Goods market efficiency...55.4.4 Labor market efficiency...125.3.6 Financial market development...86.3.8 Technological readiness...93.3.2 Market size...90.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).45.4.0 Business sophistication...37.4.4 Innovation...51.3.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Crime and theft...24.7 Access to financing...16.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 8 Policy instability...9. 8 Inflation...7. 5 Corruption...6. 9 Tax regulations...4. 8 Foreign currency regulations...4. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 5 Tax rates...1. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 6 El salvador El salvador Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development El salvador Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 175 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*16.5.82 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 1...122 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...134 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 6...63 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 0...110 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 7...115 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 9...76 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*49.4.68 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 9...44 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 9...34 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...81 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 9...126 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 8...80 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*22.9.107 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...108 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...110 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 9...90 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 5...64 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 5...67 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 62.111 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...90 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...86 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 7...53 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...52 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 0...45 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 1...114 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...82 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 2...107 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...82 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 1...106 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*23.1.99 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 5...85 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*40.5.63 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*6. 0...105 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...86 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 8...98 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*47.5.89 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.4.101 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...42 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...50 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 5...30 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 9...43 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 4...33 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...30 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 5...39 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 8...33 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 1...41 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 4...34 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 6...77 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 0...25 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...53 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...29 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 7...91 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...121 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 6...102 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...78 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...71 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...68 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 5...95 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...73 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 9...80 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 2...66 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...62 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...85 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...68 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...94 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 7...130 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 7...136 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 7...143 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...97 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...85 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...120 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...73 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 3...125 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...58 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 6...47 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 7...50 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 0...47 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*104.6.81 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 9...67 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*136.2.36 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*15.0.76 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 0...93 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*7. 4...131 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*54.9.92 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*41.7.78 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 3...12 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 0...11 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*25.0.54 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 3...117 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 6...92 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 3...119 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*13.6.69 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*72.1.85 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...100 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.4.76 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*69.2.103 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*25.5.86 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...63 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 4...103 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...64 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 0...81 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 5...43 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...71 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...89 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 5...23 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 7...30 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...118 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*38.1.72 El salvador  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 176 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 3 GDP (US$ billions...24.5 GDP per capita (US$...19,032 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.29.4.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..32.4.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..34.4.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..33.4.6 Basic requirements (20.0%).21.5.5 Institutions...26.5.0 Infrastructure...38.4.8 Macroeconomic environment...20.6.0 Health and primary education...26.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).27.4.7 Higher education and training...20.5.5 Goods market efficiency...26.4.9 Labor market efficiency...11.5.0 Financial market development...29.4.7 Technological readiness...29.5.3 Market size...100.3.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).34.4.1 Business sophistication...48.4.3 Innovation...30.4.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce...24.8 Tax rates...14.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...9. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 2 Access to financing...8. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 6 Inflation...4. 9 Corruption...2. 0 Tax regulations...1. 8 Poor public health...1. 7 Policy instability...1. 2 Crime and theft...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 0 Estonia Estonia Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Estonia Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 177 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 5...31 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 5...17 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 8...19 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 8...8 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 3...17 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 3...13 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*91.6.11 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...31 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...108 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 9...28 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 2...1 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 8...12 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*12.9.55 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...24 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 9...9 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 4...22 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...97 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 1...94 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 91.24 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 2...36 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 9...38 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 8...48 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...40 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...26 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...39 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...39 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 8...27 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 4...32 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...34 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*80.0.23 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*26.5.20 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*29.1.71 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*77.4.16 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...105 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...80 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*29.8.101 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*89.9.11 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...53 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 1...27 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...76 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...52 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...85 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 2...54 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 2...53 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...54 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 5...25 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 5...31 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 0...25 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 6...36 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 4...34 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...15 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...104 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*32.7.27 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 2...31 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 9...27 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 7...28 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 6...38 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 8...18 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 7...19 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 1...23 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 3...19 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 3...10 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 3...39 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 3...23 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 0...20 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...18 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 5...24 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 3...12 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 3...32 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 9...32 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...24 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...25 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...49 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 2...31 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 4...54 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 7...40 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 6...17 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...98 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*23.0.120 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...53 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*159.7.13 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*33.1.34 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 4...28 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*25.4.40 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...73 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*11.3.7 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*74.4.28 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*23.0.50 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 4...33 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 3...114 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...43 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 9...11 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.4.47 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 4...15 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*94.7.67 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*107.1.17 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*76.7.18 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 4...35 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 1...18 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...48 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 6...2 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 8...29 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...36 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...29 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 1...45 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 7...27 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 9...12 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*49.4.110 Estonia  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 178 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...88.9 GDP (US$ billions...48.1 GDP per capita (US$...542 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 14 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.118.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..127.3.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..121.3.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..106.3.8 Basic requirements (60.0%).117.3.8 Institutions...96.3.5 Infrastructure...125.2.5 Macroeconomic environment...95.4.4 Health and primary education...110.4.8 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).120.3.4 Higher education and training...131.2.6 Goods market efficiency...124.3.8 Labor market efficiency...78.4.1 Financial market development...120.3.3 Technological readiness...133.2.5 Market size...66.3.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).119.3.1 Business sophistication...127.3.3 Innovation...109.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.1 Foreign currency regulations...13.8 Access to financing...12.5 Corruption...12.4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 6 Inflation...7. 1 Tax rates...6. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 0 Tax regulations...5. 9 Policy instability...4. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 7 Poor public health...1. 0 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Crime and theft...0. 5 Ethiopia Ethiopia Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Ethiopia Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 179 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*15.0.75 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...42 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...113 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*12.7.126 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 2...132 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...94 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 9...135 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*36.4.99 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 7...124 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 7...125 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...97 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...74 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 8...78 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*19.1.91 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...106 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 6...99 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...124 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...88 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 8...105 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 90.33 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...117 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...112 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...98 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 1...123 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...110 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 3...102 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...105 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 0...119 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 8...128 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 0...111 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*1. 9...139 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 3...118 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*6. 7...108 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 8...109 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 8...58 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...94 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*121.4.64 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*12.9.138 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...116 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...116 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...127 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 4...140 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...124 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...62 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 0...126 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 1...132 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...109 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...134 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 1...106 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...122 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...78 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...52 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...117 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...123 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 4...115 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...98 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...69 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 9...77 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 1...112 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 9...110 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...86 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 4...54 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 3...90 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...97 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 4...125 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 3...125 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...90 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 0...44 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 4...48 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...93 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 3...129 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 0...108 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 0...117 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...85 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 2...115 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 8...77 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 6...97 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...126 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 3...38 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*288.7.54 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 8...118 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*27.3.142 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 8...128 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 4...82 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.2.54 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 0...126 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.2.21 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*18.2.135 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*4, 578.7.50 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 0...33 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*247.0.126 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 3...119 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 3...114 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 2...121 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*46.5.120 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*63.0.118 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 5...95 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*85.4.117 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*28.9.136 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*5. 4...127 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...74 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 6...94 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...95 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 2...115 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 3...122 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 4...123 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 5...113 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 0...128 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...91 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...111 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*33.4.51 Ethiopia  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 180 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...5. 5 GDP (US$ billions...256.9 GDP per capita (US$...47,129 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 22 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.4.5.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..3...5. 5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..3...5. 5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..4...5. 5 Basic requirements (20.0%).8...6. 0 Institutions...2...6. 1 Infrastructure...19.5.6 Macroeconomic environment...43.5.3 Health and primary education...1...6. 9 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).10.5.3 Higher education and training...1...6. 2 Goods market efficiency...18.5.0 Labor market efficiency...23.4.7 Financial market development...5...5. 5 Technological readiness...11.6.0 Market size...55.4.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).3...5. 6 Business sophistication...9...5. 4 Innovation...1...5. 8 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...22.3 Restrictive labor regulations...21.2 Access to financing...13.7 Tax regulations...12.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 8 Policy instability...5. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 5 Inflation...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Corruption...0. 3 Crime and theft...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 1 Finland Finland Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Finland Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 181 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*14.0.69 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...51 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 1...8 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...44 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 0...27 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...6. 0...4 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*41.2.84 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 2...26 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 6...6 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 0...27 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...2. 4...143 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 5...99 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...73 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...73 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...6. 2...3 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 6...4 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 7...52 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 95.12 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 0...10 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...6. 0...3 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 5...21 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 0...12 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 3...8 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 5...5 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 1...2 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 6...1 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 8...10 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...87 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*91.5.7 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*30.9.15 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*172.2.15 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*123.5.2 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...55 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...59 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*194.2.56 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*40.5.67 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...96 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...9 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 1...13 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 1...4 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 0...16 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 8...12 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 2...3 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 1...26 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 6...5 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 6...5 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 7...10 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 7...3 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...6. 0...1 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 1...22 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...6. 2...1 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*286.7.4 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 4...1 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 2...1 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 3...3 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 7...5 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 6...2 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 6...2 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 3...4 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 8...9 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 5...7 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...6. 0...2 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 6...1 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 8...3 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 7...1 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 3...3 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 6...5 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 7...1 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 4...2 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 4...2 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...6. 0...4 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...6. 2...1 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 4...4 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 9...14 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 9...5 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 4...5 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 2...5 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*426.2.47 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 8...3 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*171.7.7 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*13.9.79 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 6...67 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.0.90 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*57.0.95 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*91.5.8 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*5. 5...10 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...7. 0...1 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 9...2 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 4...8 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.6.24 4. 09 Quality of primary education...6. 7...1 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.8.14 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*107.7.14 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*93.7.4 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 9...2 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...6. 3...2 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 6...12 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 5...4 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 9...6 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 3...5 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...108 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 5...24 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 6...1 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...48 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*39.8.76 Finland  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 182 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...63.7 GDP (US$ billions...2, 737.4 GDP per capita (US$...43,000 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...2. 62 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.23.5.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..23.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..21.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..18.5.1 Basic requirements (20.0%).26.5.4 Institutions...32.4.7 Infrastructure...8...6. 0 Macroeconomic environment...82.4.6 Health and primary education...18.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).19.5.1 Higher education and training...28.5.3 Goods market efficiency...46.4.6 Labor market efficiency...61.4.3 Financial market development...23.4.8 Technological readiness...17.5.8 Market size...8...5. 7 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).19.4.9 Business sophistication...22.5.0 Innovation...19.4.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...24.3 Tax rates...17.8 Tax regulations...15.3 Access to financing...12.1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.3 Policy instability...7. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 3 Foreign currency regulations...1. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Inflation...0. 6 Corruption...0. 3 Crime and theft...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 France France Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 France Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 183 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 5...31 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...74 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...75 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 4...23 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...66 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 7...35 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.7.110 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 0...41 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 9...32 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 6...129 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...87 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 7...134 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*11.8.51 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...125 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...77 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...48 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 6...56 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...44 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 88.35 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 3...30 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 2...28 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 4...24 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 8...17 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 3...35 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 4...47 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...32 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 1...19 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 5...27 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...48 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*81.9.21 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*38.8.4 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*141.5.17 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*57.1.33 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 6...9 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 1...12 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*2, 278.0.9 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*29.7.97 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 2...18 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 4...16 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...32 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 3...20 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 3...6 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...24 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 5...17 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 5...15 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...52 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 8...21 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 6...12 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 7...15 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 6...29 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...43 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 8...21 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*118.1.15 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 5...21 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 6...13 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 7...27 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 5...42 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 3...30 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 0...33 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 9...30 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 1...72 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...121 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 2...41 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 2...25 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...70 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...109 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...79 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 9...62 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 3...30 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 1...24 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...27 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...22 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...55 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 1...10 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 2...4 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 9...6 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 2...32 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 8...17 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*3, 857.1.8 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 5...14 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*98.5.96 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*60.8.4 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 2...96 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.7.85 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*93.9.129 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*83.9.15 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*8. 2...27 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 4...34 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...48 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 4...19 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.6.6 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 9...31 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.2.28 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*109.7.11 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*58.3.46 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 4...34 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 2...17 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 7...8 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 7...55 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 3...21 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 5...31 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...31 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 4...26 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 9...20 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 8...135 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*64.7.132 France  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 184 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 6 GDP (US$ billions...19.2 GDP per capita (US$...12,302 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 04 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.106.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..112.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..99.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (51.5%).95.4.2 Institutions...79.3.7 Infrastructure...114.2.9 Macroeconomic environment...18.6.0 Health and primary education...130.4.0 Efficiency enhancers (41.4%).119.3.4 Higher education and training...126.2.8 Goods market efficiency...126.3.8 Labor market efficiency...69.4.2 Financial market development...105.3.6 Technological readiness...108.3.0 Market size...109.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (7. 1%).131.2.9 Business sophistication...133.3.2 Innovation...122.2.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...17.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...17.2 Inadequately educated workforce...15.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.3 Restrictive labor regulations...10.3 Corruption...8. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 1 Tax regulations...4. 1 Inflation...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...2. 3 Tax rates...1. 4 Poor public health...1. 1 Policy instability...0. 7 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Gabon Gabon Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Gabon Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 185 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*50.0.131 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 2...121 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...86 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*14.3.133 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 4...20 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...89 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...101 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*34.1.103 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 0...112 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 8...119 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...113 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 5...111 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...108 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*14.8.68 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...25 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 4...112 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...102 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...66 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...57 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 86.50 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 5...128 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 3...127 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 9...103 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...83 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 0...123 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...70 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...111 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 0...117 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...86 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...86 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*9. 2...124 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 5...114 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*18.1.86 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...116 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...92 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*30.4.100 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*54.9.39 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 4...141 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...121 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 8...137 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...103 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...141 11.06 Control of international distribution...2. 9...142 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 3...108 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 3...128 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 2...122 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...126 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...98 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...132 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 6...129 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...85 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 2...121 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 3...85 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...81 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 8...121 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 9...87 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...70 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 1...62 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 9...111 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...65 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 2...65 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...78 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...79 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 0...97 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...93 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...59 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 4...71 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...81 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 5...107 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...50 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 6...74 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...44 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...70 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 9...128 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 4...135 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 4...76 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 1...113 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 6...109 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*29.4.110 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 3...129 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*214.8.2 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 2...122 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 7...45 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*41.3.10 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 5...56 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.9.24 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*43.1.75 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*25,113. 7...66 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 2...69 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*428.0.136 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...110 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*4. 0...130 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 1...122 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*42.4.114 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*63.1.117 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...96 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*n/a n/a 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*53.9.117 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*8. 5...119 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...119 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 3...110 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 5...117 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 2...136 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 0...134 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...100 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 3...124 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...127 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 5...115 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...58 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*43.5.93 Gabon  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 186 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 9 GDP (US$ billions...0. 9 GDP per capita (US$...453 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 00 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.125.3.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..116.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..98.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..99.3.8 Basic requirements (60.0%).125.3.6 Institutions...44.4.3 Infrastructure...95.3.3 Macroeconomic environment...142.3.0 Health and primary education...133.3.9 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).117.3.4 Higher education and training...107.3.5 Goods market efficiency...111.4.0 Labor market efficiency...38.4.5 Financial market development...94.3.7 Technological readiness...103.3.0 Market size...142.1.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).79.3.5 Business sophistication...71.3.9 Innovation...89.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...24.7 Tax rates...18.8 Foreign currency regulations...11.1 Inflation...9. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 1 Corruption...4. 1 Tax regulations...4. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...1. 7 Crime and theft...1. 4 Policy instability...1. 1 Poor public health...0. 6 Government instability/coups...0. 4 Gambia, The The gambia Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development The gambia Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 187 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*27.0.106 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 8...5 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...49 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*13.7.130 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...37 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...48 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 6...42 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*53.2.57 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...53 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 1...99 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...38 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...23 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...37 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*26.0.114 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...77 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...45 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 9...30 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...70 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...42 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 88.38 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...96 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...87 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...88 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...95 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 4...93 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...68 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...81 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 8...73 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 5...76 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 5...80 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*14.0.117 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...136 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*7. 2...106 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 2...122 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 4...142 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 3...141 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*3. 7...142 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.7.106 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...89 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 3...77 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...73 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...70 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...74 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...80 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 4...100 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 9...95 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...50 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...78 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 3...95 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...90 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...87 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 9...32 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 1...129 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...63 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 1...46 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 2...38 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 8...32 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 1...60 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 8...66 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 9...32 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 0...27 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...25 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 4...35 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...76 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 4...41 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...44 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...40 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 7...32 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 6...49 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 5...40 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 7...71 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...46 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...48 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*2. 7...138 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 2...71 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 1...62 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...64 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 5...66 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*7. 7...138 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 3...106 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*100.0.95 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 5...112 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†8. 2...135 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*1. 8...137 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...95 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*82.1.121 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*18.7.133 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*29,030. 4...74 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 8...58 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*284.0.129 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 1...88 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 3...114 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 3...79 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*49.2.125 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*58.6.126 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 1...63 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*70.9.134 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*57.5.115 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*3. 4...135 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 3...39 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 6...97 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...75 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 8...86 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 0...78 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...42 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...87 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 0...51 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...53 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...104 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*283.2.144 Gambia, The  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 188 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...4. 5 GDP (US$ billions...16.2 GDP per capita (US$...3, 605 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.69.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..72.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..77.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..88.4.0 Basic requirements (40.0%).48.4.9 Institutions...48.4.2 Infrastructure...59.4.3 Macroeconomic environment...48.5.1 Health and primary education...63.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).79.3.9 Higher education and training...92.3.9 Goods market efficiency...60.4.4 Labor market efficiency...41.4.5 Financial market development...76.3.9 Technological readiness...67.3.8 Market size...103.3.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).118.3.1 Business sophistication...113.3.5 Innovation...121.2.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce...20.2 Access to financing...18.8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...9. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 3 Policy instability...6. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...4. 9 Tax regulations...4. 2 Tax rates...4. 0 Government instability/coups...3. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 1 Poor public health...2. 7 Inflation...2. 3 Foreign currency regulations...1. 8 Corruption...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 0 Georgia Georgia Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Georgia Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 189 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 0...2 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 5...99 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 3...6 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*1. 1...32 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 2...100 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 9...28 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 6...7 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*57.8.45 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 8...121 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 1...96 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...80 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 6...26 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 7...14 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...13 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...20 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 1...57 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 1...78 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...101 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 6...116 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 77.82 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...89 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...75 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...126 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...110 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 1...118 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...67 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...121 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...89 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...103 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 9...113 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*43.1.80 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*10.2.62 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*82.1.33 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*16.4.83 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 8...101 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...108 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*27.6.106 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*36.3.76 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 6...138 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...120 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...112 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...80 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 4...106 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...99 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...114 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 7...104 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 2...118 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...110 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 8...119 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 4...126 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 6...128 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...69 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 2...122 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 3...65 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...85 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 0...106 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 5...32 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 9...79 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 6...23 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 8...65 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 4...48 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 2...67 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 5...8 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...71 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...83 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 7...24 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...35 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 3...29 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 8...27 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 4...28 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 2...54 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 4...85 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...101 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...110 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 0...16 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...54 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...65 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 9...33 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...67 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...84 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*40.7.105 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 2...57 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*115.0.65 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*27.7.40 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 3...40 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*19.4.72 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 5...78 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.8.41 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*38.3.84 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 3...6 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*116.0.98 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...67 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...44 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*17.8.84 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.9.72 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 5...92 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.3.27 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.8.80 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*27.9.84 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...98 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 4...105 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...98 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 6...59 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...116 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 5...114 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...105 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...103 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...127 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 4...22 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*16.4.10 Georgia  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 190 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...80.8 GDP (US$ billions...3, 636.0 GDP per capita (US$...44,999 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...3. 72 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.5.5.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..4...5. 5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..6...5. 5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..6...5. 4 Basic requirements (20.0%).11.5.9 Institutions...17.5.2 Infrastructure...7...6. 1 Macroeconomic environment...24.5.8 Health and primary education...14.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).9...5. 3 Higher education and training...16.5.6 Goods market efficiency...19.5.0 Labor market efficiency...35.4.6 Financial market development...25.4.8 Technological readiness...13.5.8 Market size...5...6. 0 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).4...5. 6 Business sophistication...3...5. 6 Innovation...6...5. 5 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...17.8 Tax regulations...17.2 Tax rates...10.9 Inadequately educated workforce...10.1 Access to financing...9. 9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 9 Policy instability...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 3 Corruption...1. 7 Foreign currency regulations...1. 6 Crime and theft...0. 8 Inflation...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Germany Germany Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Germany Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 191 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*14.5.74 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...31 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...87 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 0...46 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 8...35 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 7...37 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*41.3.83 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 3...20 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...15 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 2...19 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 4...136 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...109 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*21.6.100 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...67 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...40 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 5...19 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 1...10 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 7...18 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.45 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 6...18 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...14 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 3...31 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...34 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...28 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 3...55 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...38 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 2...17 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 7...13 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 9...43 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*84.0.17 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*34.6.9 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*112.4.24 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*44.7.45 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 8...5 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 5...3 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*3, 232.5.5 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*47.8.49 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 6...2 11.02 Local supplier quality...6. 0...4 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 5...3 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...7 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 9...2 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 2...6 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 2...4 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 6...7 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 9...19 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 6...4 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 8...8 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 5...5 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 3...10 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...16 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 9...18 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*226.9.6 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 6...19 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 4...21 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 3...18 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 7...15 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 6...25 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 9...15 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 7...12 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 2...20 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...55 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 4...11 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 8...12 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 8...22 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...60 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...36 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...39 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 9...19 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 6...16 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 6...23 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 3...21 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...38 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 0...11 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 9...13 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 7...8 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 7...14 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 9...13 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*4, 924.9.5 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 1...33 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*119.0.58 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*58.9.5 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 0...23 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*24.3.45 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*78.1.118 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*92.9.4 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*5. 6...11 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...26 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 3...29 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 4...19 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.9.21 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 1...22 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.9.30 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.3.29 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*61.7.37 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 2...12 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 1...20 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 0...29 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 0...43 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...6. 0...3 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 0...13 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 9...12 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 7...3 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 2...12 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 1...36 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*49.4.110 Germany  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 192 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 3, 500 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...25.6 GDP (US$ billions...44.2 GDP per capita (US$...1, 730 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 10 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.111.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..114.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..103.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..114.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).123.3.7 Institutions...69.3.9 Infrastructure...108.3.0 Macroeconomic environment...133.3.4 Health and primary education...121.4.5 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).89.3.8 Higher education and training...106.3.5 Goods market efficiency...67.4.3 Labor market efficiency...98.3.9 Financial market development...62.4.1 Technological readiness...100.3.1 Market size...69.3.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).68.3.6 Business sophistication...70.3.9 Innovation...63.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...20.2 Foreign currency regulations...17.4 Tax rates...14.6 Inflation...10.0 Corruption...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 2 Tax regulations...4. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 0 Crime and theft...2. 1 Policy instability...1. 9 Poor public health...0. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Ghana Ghana Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Ghana Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 193 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*14.0.69 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...93 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...127 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.4.106 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...72 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...87 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...113 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*50.5.63 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 5...73 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...69 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...85 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 3...137 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...72 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*49.8.137 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...38 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...63 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 4...58 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 6...57 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...69 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 96.10 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 0...99 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 8...97 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 0...38 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...58 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 2...36 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 4...97 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...80 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...104 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...95 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...100 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*12.3.121 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 3...117 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*5. 2...116 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*39.9.54 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...68 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...76 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*88.5.72 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*36.7.74 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...106 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...107 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...77 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 9...47 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...61 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...71 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 9...68 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...91 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...58 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...49 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 7...73 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...44 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...77 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...65 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...95 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...108 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...60 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 1...45 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 4...58 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...55 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...98 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 4...48 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...76 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 5...47 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...74 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...45 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...64 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...77 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 9...126 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 7...104 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 9...118 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...72 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...77 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...101 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...100 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 0...78 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 4...110 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...79 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 7...66 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...92 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...80 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*124.2.77 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 0...112 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*108.2.76 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 0...124 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†10.8.141 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.2.67 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*11.7.140 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*60.1.100 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*35.7.92 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*27,201. 3...69 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 7...60 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*72.0.83 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 6...103 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 4...119 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 9...92 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*48.6.122 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*60.9.123 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 0...112 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*87.1.108 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*61.1.112 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*12.2.106 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...59 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 4...52 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...50 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 2...113 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...92 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...61 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 4...118 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 1...42 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...70 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 2...32 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*22.9.18 Ghana  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 194 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...11.1 GDP (US$ billions...241.8 GDP per capita (US$...21,857 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 31 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.81.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..91.3.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..96.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..90.3.9 Basic requirements (20.0%).76.4.5 Institutions...85.3.6 Infrastructure...36.4.9 Macroeconomic environment...135.3.3 Health and primary education...41.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).65.4.1 Higher education and training...44.4.8 Goods market efficiency...85.4.2 Labor market efficiency...118.3.7 Financial market development...130.3.0 Technological readiness...39.4.8 Market size...49.4.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).74.3.5 Business sophistication...74.3.9 Innovation...79.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...22.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.8 Tax regulations...16.4 Policy instability...14.2 Tax rates...9. 4 Corruption...4. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 4 Government instability/coups...2. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 0 Inflation...0. 0 Greece Greece Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Greece Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 195 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*14.0.69 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...129 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 0...14 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...77 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 0...133 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 2...61 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.7.113 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...62 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...84 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...108 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 2...118 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...92 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.9.76 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...138 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...121 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...98 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...96 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...127 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 76.87 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...110 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...118 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 3...121 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 7...136 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...135 8. 06 Soundness of banks...2. 8...141 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...94 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 0...61 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 5...74 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 1...105 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*59.9.54 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*26.2.21 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*84.8.32 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*36.1.59 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...46 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...57 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*265.6.50 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.3.95 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...65 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...66 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...125 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 0...42 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...73 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...72 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...76 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 2...69 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...92 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...109 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 7...70 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...114 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...111 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...136 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 4...4 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*7. 6...39 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...82 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 9...57 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...81 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...106 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...78 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 7...70 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...109 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 2...131 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 4...136 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 7...126 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 7...114 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 4...120 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...69 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 9...45 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...42 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 4...58 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...99 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...89 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 9...124 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...63 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...57 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 3...55 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 9...57 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 7...49 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 2...40 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*605.7.37 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 3...55 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*116.8.59 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*47.9.14 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 6...66 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*13.7.118 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 9...85 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*173.8.142 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*25.5.119 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*4. 5...6 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 3...36 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...42 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 1...28 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.6.23 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...74 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.5.9 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*107.9.13 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*114.0.1 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...111 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...61 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...89 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...77 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...90 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...112 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...71 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...59 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...92 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 4...141 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*44.0.96 Greece  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 196 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...15.5 GDP (US$ billions...54.4 GDP per capita (US$...3, 513 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 09 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.78.4.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..86.4.0 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..83.4.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..84.4.0 Basic requirements (40.0%).84.4.4 Institutions...109.3.3 Infrastructure...67.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...64.4.7 Health and primary education...100.5.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).76.4.0 Higher education and training...103.3.6 Goods market efficiency...45.4.6 Labor market efficiency...85.4.1 Financial market development...45.4.4 Technological readiness...88.3.5 Market size...78.3.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).62.3.7 Business sophistication...52.4.3 Innovation...95.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Crime and theft...20.4 Corruption...16.4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.0 Inadequately educated workforce...10.4 Tax regulations...8. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 2 Policy instability...3. 7 Access to financing...3. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 9 Poor public health...1. 5 Tax rates...1. 5 Inflation...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 2 Guatemala Guatemala Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Guatemala Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 197 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*19.5.92 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...38 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...58 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 9...52 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...53 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...96 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 7...88 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*36.8.98 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 3...21 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...56 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 2...18 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...21 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...24 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.0.117 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...55 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...46 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...60 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 1...35 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...85 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 57.121 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 3...29 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 0...33 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 4...120 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 1...47 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...63 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 0...19 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...97 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 3...47 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...47 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...38 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*19.7.103 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 8...97 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*10.8.96 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 4...111 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...72 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...90 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*81.8.73 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.0.122 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 9...33 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 0...35 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...57 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...71 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 2...42 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...39 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...60 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...45 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 0...44 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 2...41 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 0...111 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...76 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...68 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...111 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...101 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...103 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...88 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...103 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 2...127 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 8...137 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 9...72 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 0...105 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...110 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 3...128 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...51 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...96 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...54 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 4...45 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...88 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 1...142 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 5...144 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 9...124 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...79 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 8...65 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...26 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 0...77 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 5...60 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...78 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...74 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...83 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*44.3.103 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...50 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*140.4.32 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*12.0.83 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 1...53 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*11.5.124 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 3...88 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*24.4.26 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*44.4.74 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*57.7.31 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 9...13 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*60.0.78 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 0...53 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...66 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*26.5.98 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*71.7.86 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 5...130 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.8.80 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*65.1.110 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*17.9.96 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 7...127 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 5...135 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 7...41 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 4...107 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...54 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 6...28 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...42 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 1...46 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...93 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...59 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.9.85 Guatemala  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 198 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...11.1 GDP (US$ billions...6. 3 GDP per capita (US$...565 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.144.2.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..147.2.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..141.2.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (60.0%).144.2.8 Institutions...134.2.8 Infrastructure...143.1.8 Macroeconomic environment...138.3.2 Health and primary education...139.3.3 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).138.2.9 Higher education and training...140.2.2 Goods market efficiency...137.3.4 Labor market efficiency...89.4.0 Financial market development...134.2.8 Technological readiness...139.2.4 Market size...127.2.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).142.2.6 Business sophistication...141.2.9 Innovation...141.2.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...20.9 Corruption...19.4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...14.7 Policy instability...8. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 8 Crime and theft...5. 2 Foreign currency regulations...3. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 9 Inflation...2. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 0 Government instability/coups...1. 8 Tax regulations...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 4 Tax rates...0. 4 Guinea Guinea Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Guinea Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 199 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*16.0.79 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 3...113 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...108 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.5.120 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 5...119 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 4...127 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 3...117 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*53.6.55 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 4...136 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...1. 9...143 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...124 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...47 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...105 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*7. 9...23 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...57 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 8...134 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 8...138 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 5...126 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...112 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 84.58 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 9...137 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 8...141 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 6...142 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...105 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...130 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 6...127 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...139 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 3...137 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 7...133 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...121 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*1. 6...141 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...141 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 5...135 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 3...128 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 0...132 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*12.5.129 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*25.9.111 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 8...131 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 1...137 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...123 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...133 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...135 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 0...140 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 3...144 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 7...140 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 3...143 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 7...141 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 3...137 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 0...142 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 2...140 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...131 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 9...137 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 6...137 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 2...140 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 0...136 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...107 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 1...143 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 0...139 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 0...138 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...97 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...68 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 3...142 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 4...126 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 0...134 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...61 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...109 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 1...107 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 0...119 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 1...137 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 1...137 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...102 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 0...135 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*2. 7...138 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 1...143 2. 02 Quality of roads...1. 9...143 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 9...116 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 5...138 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*8. 6...137 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 3...144 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*63.3.131 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 0...144 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 3...111 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*†1. 0...141 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*12.0.141 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*37.8.57 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*12.5.140 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*38,423. 7...76 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 2...67 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*178.0.114 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 5...105 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 7...122 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 6...106 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*65.2.134 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*55.8.131 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 3...135 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*74.4.130 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*38.1.129 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*9. 9...114 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 4...137 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 1...115 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 3...141 5. 06 Internet access in schools...1. 8...139 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 8...139 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 2...128 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 2...129 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...104 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 9...138 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...87 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*91.2.142 Guinea  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 200 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 8 GDP (US$ billions...3. 0 GDP per capita (US$...3, 729 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.117.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..102.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..109.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..109.3.7 Basic requirements (40.0%).118.3.8 Institutions...89.3.5 Infrastructure...110.2.9 Macroeconomic environment...118.3.9 Health and primary education...113.4.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).109.3.6 Higher education and training...82.4.1 Goods market efficiency...83.4.2 Labor market efficiency...101.3.9 Financial market development...82.3.8 Technological readiness...101.3.1 Market size...135.2.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).60.3.7 Business sophistication...68.4.0 Innovation...55.3.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...24.5 Tax rates...15.0 Crime and theft...14.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 9 Access to financing...8. 3 Government instability/coups...8. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 0 Foreign currency regulations...2. 3 Policy instability...1. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 5 Inflation...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 6 Tax regulations...0. 6 Guyana Guyana Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Guyana Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 201 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*20.0.94 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...76 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...74 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.8.123 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...85 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 0...103 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 7...85 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*88.4.14 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 9...114 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...86 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...73 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...70 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 3...34 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*16.7.80 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...72 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...85 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 6...108 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 0...39 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 0...30 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 54.123 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...88 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...76 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...58 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...37 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 3...34 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...75 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...99 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 7...78 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...80 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...98 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*33.0.93 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 6...84 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*10.2.98 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 8...135 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...128 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*6. 6...138 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*59.3.34 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...57 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...55 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...62 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...72 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...67 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...74 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 8...70 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 9...97 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...70 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...61 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 8...68 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 7...33 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...58 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...39 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...65 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...94 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 3...90 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 9...89 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...61 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 1...113 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 4...87 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...93 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 1...71 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...54 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...80 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...57 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...89 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...91 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 7...105 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...92 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 8...131 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...104 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...113 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...93 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 8...92 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 8...85 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 2...103 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 5...99 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...97 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*13.2.132 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 7...119 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*69.4.125 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*19.6.57 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 1...94 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*0. 7...139 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...70 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.9.107 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*27.8.113 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*7, 920.9.53 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 9...35 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*109.0.97 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 8...97 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 3...114 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 7...103 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*29.0.101 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*66.0.111 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...37 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*71.5.133 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.0.31 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*12.9.105 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 9...54 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...55 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...46 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 2...71 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 0...76 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...64 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...102 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...62 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...76 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...63 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*32.5.48 Guyana  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 202 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...10.3 GDP (US$ billions...8. 5 GDP per capita (US$...820 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.137.3.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..143.3.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..142.2.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..141.2.9 Basic requirements (60.0%).136.3.2 Institutions...135.2.8 Infrastructure...138.2.0 Macroeconomic environment...120.3.9 Health and primary education...126.4.2 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).135.3.1 Higher education and training...109.3.4 Goods market efficiency...140.3.2 Labor market efficiency...77.4.1 Financial market development...135.2.8 Technological readiness...134.2.4 Market size...129.2.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).140.2.6 Business sophistication...138.2.9 Innovation...140.2.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...16.7 Access to financing...14.9 Corruption...13.9 Inadequately educated workforce...13.0 Government instability/coups...8. 1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 9 Policy instability...6. 7 Tax rates...3. 9 Crime and theft...3. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Poor public health...2. 0 Inflation...1. 4 Tax regulations...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 8 Haiti Haiti Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Haiti Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 203 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*12.131 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*97.0.140 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 8...137 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...112 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 8...74 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 0...136 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 5...126 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 3...140 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*49.5.67 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...2. 9...141 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 5...134 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 8...116 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...62 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 0...59 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...90 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...119 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 2...131 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 2...135 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...109 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.40 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 0...134 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 9...137 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 3...123 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 3...112 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 0...124 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...105 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 3...134 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 6...132 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 5...135 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 6...131 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*10.6.123 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...143 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*0. 2...144 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...133 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 4...126 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...139 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*13.6.126 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*12.8.139 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 5...139 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 4...133 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 6...142 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...130 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...139 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...120 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 4...139 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 9...137 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 6...139 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...136 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 2...140 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 2...139 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 3...136 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...132 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 9...138 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 3...143 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 2...142 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 4...120 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 0...126 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 8...126 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 1...135 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...113 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...108 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 2...92 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 4...139 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 2...137 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 7...141 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...70 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 0...128 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 9...120 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 0...120 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 1...136 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 6...128 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...131 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 9...136 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 2...142 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 4...136 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 5...133 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 8...130 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*25.9.117 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 9...135 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*69.4.126 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 4...134 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†6. 7...126 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*23.6.49 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 8...116 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*21.3.20 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*12.1.141 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 277.8.43 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 1...51 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*213.0.120 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 2...122 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*2. 1...124 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 3...115 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*56.5.130 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*62.7.120 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 7...122 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*77.2.128 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*68.1.107 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*n/a n/a 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 3...138 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 9...124 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 1...130 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 6...129 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 7...140 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 2...130 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 8...140 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 6...140 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 7...140 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...80 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.4.79 Haiti  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 204 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...8. 1 GDP (US$ billions...18.8 GDP per capita (US$...2, 323 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.100.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..111.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..90.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..86.4.0 Basic requirements (53.5%).107.4.0 Institutions...105.3.4 Infrastructure...102.3.2 Macroeconomic environment...123.3.8 Health and primary education...85.5.5 Efficiency enhancers (39.8%).99.3.6 Higher education and training...100.3.6 Goods market efficiency...91.4.2 Labor market efficiency...130.3.5 Financial market development...59.4.2 Technological readiness...97.3.2 Market size...93.3.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (6. 6%).70.3.6 Business sophistication...64.4.0 Innovation...74.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...17.7 Crime and theft...16.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.4 Access to financing...10.4 Tax rates...9. 6 Tax regulations...8. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 5 Inflation...3. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Policy instability...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 8 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Honduras Honduras Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Honduras Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 205 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*13.135 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*14.0.69 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...54 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...118 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 6...62 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 7...62 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 7...117 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...103 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*67.4.35 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 5...75 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...90 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...41 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...97 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...74 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*30.3.129 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...129 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...80 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 1...80 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...76 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 1...90 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 52.125 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 1...41 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...58 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 5...115 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...62 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 8...56 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...34 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 0...123 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 8...72 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 8...60 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 9...42 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*17.8.106 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 8...108 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*10.0.101 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*11.7.95 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 0...93 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...91 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*39.2.97 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*46.9.52 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...83 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...69 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 1...48 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...81 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...62 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...77 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 9...65 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 2...71 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...72 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...52 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 3...97 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...59 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 9...48 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...68 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...100 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 7...98 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...79 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 5...117 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...100 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 5...90 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 8...114 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...90 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 3...127 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...77 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 6...76 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...61 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 1...61 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...102 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 4...140 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 7...142 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 2...115 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...86 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...57 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...43 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 0...80 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 5...106 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 3...96 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 1...71 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 9...93 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*25.3.118 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 6...98 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*95.9.100 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*7. 6...101 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 4...131 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.7.101 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...92 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*40.2.63 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*29.7.110 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*163.8.36 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 4...26 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*54.0.76 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 4...78 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 5...88 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 0...85 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*19.4.91 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.5.80 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 9...116 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*94.0.69 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*73.1.101 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*20.4.92 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...100 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 9...121 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...111 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 5...105 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 0...80 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...38 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...88 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 6...83 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...81 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 9...131 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*39.2.74 Honduras  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 206 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...7. 2 GDP (US$ billions...273.7 GDP per capita (US$...37,777 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 44 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.7.5.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..7...5. 5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..9...5. 4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..11.5.4 Basic requirements (20.0%).3...6. 2 Institutions...8...5. 6 Infrastructure...1...6. 7 Macroeconomic environment...14.6.2 Health and primary education...32.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).3...5. 6 Higher education and training...22.5.4 Goods market efficiency...2...5. 6 Labor market efficiency...3...5. 6 Financial market development...1...5. 9 Technological readiness...5...6. 1 Market size...27.4.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).23.4.8 Business sophistication...16.5.1 Innovation...26.4.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Insufficient capacity to innovate...17.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.5 Inflation...11.7 Restrictive labor regulations...11.4 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 9 Policy instability...9. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 5 Access to financing...4. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 5 Foreign currency regulations...2. 5 Government instability/coups...2. 0 Tax rates...2. 0 Corruption...1. 8 Tax regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 1 Hong kong SAR Hongâ Kong SAR Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Hong kong SAR Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 207 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 1 See the â€oetechnical Notes and Sources†section INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 5...5 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...47 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 5...1 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 0...1 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 1...5 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...6. 2...3 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...6. 1...2 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*249.1.1 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 7...7 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 6...7 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 5...9 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 1...4 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 7...1 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*5. 8...16 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 9...5 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 5...1 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 2...27 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 3...7 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 6...7 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 77.83 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 2...3 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...6. 0...4 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 7...1 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 5...5 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 3...5 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 5...7 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 0...3 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 1...18 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...19 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...23 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*74.2.30 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*30.8.16 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*1, 762.8.2 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*95.4.9 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...33 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 2...5 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*381.9.35 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*245.0.1 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 4...12 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 4...18 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 0...15 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 3...17 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 0...17 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 8...13 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 2...22 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 5...12 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 5...26 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 5...32 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 8...32 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 9...26 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 6...28 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...30 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 5...36 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*n/a1...n/a INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 1...6 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 8...10 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 8...10 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 6...18 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 2...12 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 3...5 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 3...19 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 5...14 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...5. 0...5 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 9...3 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 4...3 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 8...4 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...49 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 7...12 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 8...25 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 2...6 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 5...18 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 2...7 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 4...20 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 5...8 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*9. 0...3 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 5...2 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 0...7 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...6. 3...3 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 5...4 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 6...3 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 533.4.16 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 8...2 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*238.7.1 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*63.0.2 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 8...16 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*26.7.34 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 3...86 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.8.48 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*83.8.17 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*77.0.85 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 0...50 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 8...58 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*1. 6...1 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*83.5.1 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 9...28 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.5.75 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*88.7.73 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*59.7.43 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 8...20 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 4...9 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 4...14 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...16 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 4...16 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 6...26 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 1...4 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 4...27 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...50 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 7...6 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*22.9.18 Hong kong SAR  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 208 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...9. 9 GDP (US$ billions...132.4 GDP per capita (US$...13,405 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 23 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.60.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..63.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..60.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..48.4.4 Basic requirements (29.0%).60.4.7 Institutions...83.3.7 Infrastructure...50.4.6 Macroeconomic environment...61.4.8 Health and primary education...64.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).53.4.3 Higher education and training...52.4.7 Goods market efficiency...65.4.4 Labor market efficiency...75.4.2 Financial market development...73.3.9 Technological readiness...50.4.4 Market size...53.4.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (21.0%).67.3.6 Business sophistication...92.3.8 Innovation...50.3.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Policy instability...15.1 Access to financing...13.5 Corruption...13.0 Tax regulations...11.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.3 Tax rates...10.1 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 0 Government instability/coups...2. 4 Crime and theft...1. 5 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 0 Poor public health...0. 8 Inflation...0. 1 Hungary Hungary Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Hungary Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 209 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 0...14 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...89 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...30 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...15 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...84 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 8...31 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*87.8.15 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...85 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 7...124 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...71 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...64 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...43 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.4.61 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...128 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...64 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 5...114 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 6...122 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 6...118 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.63 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 5...62 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 8...98 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 8...106 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 0...126 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 1...121 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...73 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...54 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 3...44 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...65 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...19 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*72.6.35 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*24.1.31 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*24.9.75 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*26.3.70 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...56 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...33 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*198.2.55 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*97.6.8 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...95 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...68 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...91 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...79 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...100 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...104 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 9...64 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 2...72 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 0...133 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 0...127 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 1...23 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...96 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 3...35 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...95 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...56 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*25.0.29 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 7...96 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...71 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...110 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 2...113 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 2...56 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 0...56 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 4...122 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...96 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 6...129 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...104 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 5...121 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 4...119 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...13 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...56 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 9...63 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...66 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...96 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...37 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 9...120 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...72 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 0...41 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 2...58 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 8...38 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 8...85 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...81 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*127.8.75 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 9...36 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*116.4.61 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*29.9.37 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 4...59 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.7.63 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*79.2.120 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*52.1.68 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*18.0.41 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 4...32 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...17 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*5. 3...35 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.1.57 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 2...61 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.3.95 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.6.27 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*59.6.44 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 3...96 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...60 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...66 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 4...35 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...85 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...108 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...47 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...88 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...80 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 8...133 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*49.7.114 Hungary  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 210 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 3 GDP (US$ billions...14.7 GDP per capita (US$...45,536 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.30.4.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..31.4.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..30.4.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..30.4.7 Basic requirements (20.0%).27.5.4 Institutions...21.5.1 Infrastructure...23.5.5 Macroeconomic environment...92.4.4 Health and primary education...10.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).35.4.6 Higher education and training...13.5.6 Goods market efficiency...49.4.5 Labor market efficiency...14.4.9 Financial market development...68.4.0 Technological readiness...8...6. 0 Market size...128.2.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).28.4.4 Business sophistication...29.4.7 Innovation...27.4.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Foreign currency regulations...27.0 Access to financing...16.0 Inflation...14.9 Tax rates...9. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 9 Policy instability...5. 2 Tax regulations...4. 6 Government instability/coups...4. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 9 Corruption...0. 8 Crime and theft...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Iceland Iceland Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Iceland Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 211 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*4. 5...12 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...127 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 8...129 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 2...46 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 3...129 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...2. 9...137 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 3...14 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*52.2.59 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 3...22 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...41 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...11 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 1...120 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 3...4 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...99 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 2...49 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 3...25 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 4...26 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...70 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 95.11 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...67 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...65 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 7...51 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...74 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 8...58 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 0...121 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...61 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 4...5 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 2...1 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 7...125 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*96.5.1 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*35.1.8 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*443.2.5 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*74.3.18 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 1...129 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...112 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*13.2.128 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*57.5.36 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...114 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 1...28 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...60 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 1...37 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 3...35 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 0...8 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 2...24 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 0...28 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 0...15 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...46 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 8...29 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 7...32 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 6...25 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 6...60 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...33 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*91.4.17 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 3...27 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 8...30 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 1...22 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 0...27 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 3...8 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 5...23 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 7...35 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...35 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 8...41 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 9...25 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 5...17 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 7...23 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...3 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 1...7 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 5...6 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 1...10 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 5...21 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...42 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 1...32 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...46 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 2...8 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...39 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 9...8 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 8...18 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*123.8.78 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 6...8 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*108.1.77 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*51.0.10 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 9...51 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.1.112 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 9...77 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*90.2.127 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*52.9.65 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*3. 5...4 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...7 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 6...13 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*1. 8...3 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.9.4 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 1...20 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.5.20 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*108.6.12 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*80.9.11 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 9...17 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 7...33 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 2...20 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 7...1 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 6...39 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 7...25 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...80 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 6...78 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...52 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...97 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*29.9.38 Iceland  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 212 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1, 243.3 GDP (US$ billions...1, 870.7 GDP per capita (US$...1, 505 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...5. 83 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.71.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..60.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..59.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..56.4.3 Basic requirements (60.0%).92.4.2 Institutions...70.3.8 Infrastructure...87.3.6 Macroeconomic environment...101.4.2 Health and primary education...98.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).61.4.2 Higher education and training...93.3.9 Goods market efficiency...95.4.1 Labor market efficiency...112.3.8 Financial market development...51.4.3 Technological readiness...121.2.7 Market size...3...6. 3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).52.3.9 Business sophistication...57.4.2 Innovation...49.3.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...10.2 Tax rates...8. 7 Foreign currency regulations...8. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 1 Corruption...8. 0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 5 Government instability/coups...6. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 3 Policy instability...4. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7 Crime and theft...4. 6 Tax regulations...4. 5 Inflation...4. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 8 Poor public health...2. 8 India India Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development India Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 213 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*12.131 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*27.0.106 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...60 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...100 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*12.4.124 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 2...98 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...93 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 9...75 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.7.112 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 0...110 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...38 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...90 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 4...113 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...47 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.8.75 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...45 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...69 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...77 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 9...42 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...46 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 36.133 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 2...83 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...73 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 0...39 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...29 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 5...20 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 3...101 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...62 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 1...110 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...102 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...95 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*15.1.115 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 2...103 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*6. 8...107 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 2...114 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 2...3 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 4...4 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*5, 069.2.3 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.9.113 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...72 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...78 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 5...27 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 9...44 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 1...43 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 2...50 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 0...62 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...81 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...57 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...48 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...52 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 8...30 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 9...50 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...61 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...45 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 5...61 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 1...73 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...65 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 4...60 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 4...50 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 5...93 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 2...50 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 4...49 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 5...49 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...59 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...57 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 8...43 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...64 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...125 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 8...98 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...114 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...88 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...88 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...102 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...94 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...76 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 7...90 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 8...76 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 2...27 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...76 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 3...71 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*3, 488.0.12 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 4...103 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*70.8.121 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*2. 3...118 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 3...129 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*32.7.18 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 5...133 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*66.7.110 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*57.8.55 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 536.4.44 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 6...61 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*176.0.113 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 7...135 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 7...132 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*43.8.115 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*66.2.110 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 6...88 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.3.78 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*68.5.106 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*24.8.87 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 2...45 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 2...67 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...56 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 8...87 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...64 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...77 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...91 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...36 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...43 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...49 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*62.8.130 India  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 214 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...248.0 GDP (US$ billions...870.3 GDP per capita (US$...3, 510 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 49 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.34.4.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..38.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..50.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..46.4.4 Basic requirements (40.0%).46.4.9 Institutions...53.4.1 Infrastructure...56.4.4 Macroeconomic environment...34.5.5 Health and primary education...74.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).46.4.4 Higher education and training...61.4.5 Goods market efficiency...48.4.5 Labor market efficiency...110.3.8 Financial market development...42.4.5 Technological readiness...77.3.6 Market size...15.5.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).30.4.2 Business sophistication...34.4.5 Innovation...31.3.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...15.7 Access to financing...10.6 Inflation...9. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 5 Policy instability...6. 9 Foreign currency regulations...5. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 3 Tax rates...5. 3 Government instability/coups...5. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 9 Crime and theft...4. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 1 Tax regulations...2. 9 Poor public health...2. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 3 Indonesia Indonesia Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Indonesia Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 215 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*48.0.129 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...36 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...103 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 6...64 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 6...68 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...59 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 0...68 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*25.4.129 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 0...39 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 9...35 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 6...46 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 4...114 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 3...32 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*57.8.139 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...31 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...30 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 0...28 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 2...32 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 3...25 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 62.112 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...46 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 9...41 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 3...29 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 9...15 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 9...14 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 1...60 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...53 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 2...53 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 1...42 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 9...40 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*15.8.112 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 3...101 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*10.1.100 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*31.6.65 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...15 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 6...23 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 292.8.15 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.6.119 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...38 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 3...75 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 5...26 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...60 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 4...30 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...38 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 5...37 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 9...31 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 5...28 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 8...22 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 3...41 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 0...24 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 5...30 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...13 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...31 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...106 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...59 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 1...43 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 4...63 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 6...37 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 6...87 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 9...63 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 9...33 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 9...29 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...23 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...43 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 8...38 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 2...52 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...105 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...80 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 2...102 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...67 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...47 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 6...72 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...53 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 6...40 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 2...72 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 9...72 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 7...41 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...77 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 5...64 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 622.9.14 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 3...84 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*121.5.54 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*16.1.71 71 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 1...55 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*30.4.24 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 4...112 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*26.1.27 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*56.6.57 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*2, 268.5.48 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 3...49 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*185.0.117 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 1...128 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 9...130 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*25.8.97 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.6.94 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 4...48 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.2.85 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*82.5.92 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*31.5.77 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 5...32 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 6...36 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...49 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 9...48 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...50 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 7...24 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...53 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 1...43 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 5...37 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 2...30 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*32.2.46 Indonesia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 216 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...77.1 GDP (US$ billions...366.3 GDP per capita (US$...4, 751 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 09 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.83.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..82.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..66.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..62.4.3 Basic requirements (41.8%).71.4.6 Institutions...108.3.4 Infrastructure...69.4.1 Macroeconomic environment...62.4.8 Health and primary education...52.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (48.6%).98.3.7 Higher education and training...78.4.2 Goods market efficiency...120.3.9 Labor market efficiency...142.3.0 Financial market development...128.3.0 Technological readiness...107.3.0 Market size...21.5.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (9. 5%).102.3.3 Business sophistication...110.3.5 Innovation...86.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...16.9 Policy instability...13.0 Inflation...13.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.6 Corruption...7. 9 Foreign currency regulations...7. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 5 Tax rates...2. 0 Tax regulations...1. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 5 Crime and theft...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 2 Iran, Islamic Rep Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 217 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*16.0.79 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 3...111 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...123 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*27.1.144 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 2...144 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 0...134 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 3...116 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*17.5.142 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 8...119 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...58 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 5...134 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 8...130 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 2...120 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*23.1.109 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...81 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 1...129 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 1...132 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 5...125 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 8...140 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 23.143 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 9...135 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 1...130 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...99 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 6...141 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...133 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 8...125 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...102 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 9...122 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 7...131 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...124 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*31.4.94 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 6...78 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 6...118 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 2...123 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...18 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 5...28 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*945.5.18 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.8.105 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...87 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 4...132 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 4...97 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...110 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 2...120 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...44 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...89 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...116 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 9...134 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...94 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 1...45 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 7...110 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...102 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...91 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...46 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...105 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...86 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...127 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...84 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 1...65 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...97 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 4...89 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...68 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 9...82 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...125 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...94 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 3...130 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 2...127 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 9...127 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...112 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 8...121 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 0...80 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...121 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 7...125 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 9...122 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 2...128 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 7...117 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 9...82 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 1...63 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 4...45 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...80 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 2...122 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*277.1.56 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 1...61 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*84.2.112 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*38.3.27 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 9...35 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*46.0.6 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*35.2.143 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*10.6.6 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*27.1.115 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1. 2...17 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 7...17 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*21.0.46 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 6...74 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 3...78 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*15.1.76 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.8.76 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 0...70 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.8.5 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.3.83 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*55.2.50 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...108 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 5...44 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...103 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 7...126 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...88 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 0...135 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 4...119 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...72 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...83 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...85 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*44.1.97 Iran, Islamic Rep  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 218 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...4. 8 GDP (US$ billions...217.9 GDP per capita (US$...45,621 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 22 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.25.5.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..28.4.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..27.4.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..29.4.8 Basic requirements (20.0%).31.5.2 Institutions...15.5.4 Infrastructure...27.5.3 Macroeconomic environment...130.3.5 Health and primary education...8...6. 5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).21.5.0 Higher education and training...17.5.5 Goods market efficiency...10.5.3 Labor market efficiency...18.4.8 Financial market development...61.4.2 Technological readiness...12.5.9 Market size...57.4.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).20.4.9 Business sophistication...20.5.0 Innovation...20.4.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...29.9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...15.8 Tax rates...13.4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...9. 8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...8. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 0 Inflation...1. 5 Policy instability...1. 5 Tax regulations...1. 5 Foreign currency regulations...1. 0 Poor public health...0. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 8 Corruption...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Ireland Ireland Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Ireland Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 219 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*10.0.52 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 7...9 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 9...15 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 1...3 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...6. 6...1 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 5...8 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*83.6.19 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 3...24 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 2...21 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...16 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...79 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...40 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*12.2.53 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...93 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...28 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 6...14 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 2...30 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 1...10 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 81.70 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...49 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 7...46 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 3...78 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 2...117 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 0...46 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 0...139 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...43 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 0...22 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...25 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...6. 4...1 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*78.2.25 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*24.2.29 29 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*132.3.20 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*67.2.22 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...59 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 4...31 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*188.9.57 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*109.1.5 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...44 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 2...25 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 8...18 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 4...16 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 8...20 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...79 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 7...13 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 3...20 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 9...18 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 0...17 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 5...13 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 6...19 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 2...13 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...62 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 0...15 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*82.6.20 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 9...13 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 6...14 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 6...12 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 5...22 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 3...9 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 3...6 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 5...15 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...31 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...22 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 9...21 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 7...16 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 1...17 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...24 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 5...23 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 9...24 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 1...12 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 6...17 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...62 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 2...23 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 8...27 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 3...6 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 1...36 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 3...25 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 1...31 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 3...29 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 6...23 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*489.4.44 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 4...17 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*102.8.89 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*44.0.17 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 4...132 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.1.82 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*122.8.137 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*63.1.44 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*8. 6...28 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...22 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...16 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 4...19 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.9.20 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 8...7 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.3.62 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*119.1.6 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*71.2.25 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 4...5 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 0...24 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 3...15 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 4...36 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 0...25 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 8...20 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...60 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 7...20 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 8...23 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 5...18 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*25.7.23 Ireland  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 220 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...7. 9 GDP (US$ billions...291.5 GDP per capita (US$...37,035 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 32 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.27.4.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..27.4.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..26.5.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..22.5.1 Basic requirements (20.0%).36.5.1 Institutions...43.4.3 Infrastructure...34.5.0 Macroeconomic environment...50.5.1 Health and primary education...44.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).26.4.8 Higher education and training...36.5.0 Goods market efficiency...79.4.2 Labor market efficiency...59.4.3 Financial market development...20.4.9 Technological readiness...15.5.8 Market size...48.4.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).10.5.2 Business sophistication...26.4.8 Innovation...3...5. 6 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...22.1 Tax rates...10.4 Policy instability...9. 9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 7 Access to financing...8. 1 Corruption...7. 6 Tax regulations...7. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 3 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Government instability/coups...1. 2 Crime and theft...0. 2 Inflation...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Israel Israel Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Israel Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 221 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*14.0.69 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...73 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 2...94 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 1...55 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...52 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...61 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 4...53 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*32.5.108 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...103 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...42 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...76 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...78 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...44 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.4.124 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...70 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...76 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...76 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 6...55 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...83 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 88.36 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 2...37 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...59 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 9...42 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...51 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 2...9 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 0...18 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...52 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 3...10 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 0...5 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 4...11 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*70.8.37 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.7.24 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*100.5.29 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*53.0.37 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...47 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...53 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*273.7.48 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*34.1.80 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...67 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 8...40 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 5...28 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...8 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 4...29 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 2...52 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 3...21 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 0...29 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 2...33 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 8...3 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...6. 3...3 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 3...7 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 5...7 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 3...9 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 2...10 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*230.0.5 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 8...43 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 6...33 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 1...39 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 8...81 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 1...33 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 8...16 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 9...79 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...77 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...116 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...46 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 0...35 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...63 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 4...132 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...49 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...75 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...69 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 4...43 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...31 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...89 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 5...44 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 3...6 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 4...63 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 7...45 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 0...54 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 8...86 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 9...50 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*538.4.41 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 9...34 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*122.8.53 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*44.8.15 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 2...79 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.2.55 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*66.7.111 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*70.8.34 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 6...24 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...11 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 6...8 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 3...16 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.7.10 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...86 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.7.48 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.7.26 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*65.8.30 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 7...69 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 0...79 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 9...32 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 5...32 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 6...38 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...76 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 2...126 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 4...143 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...118 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...50 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*29.9.38 Israel  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 222 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2, 000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...59.7 GDP (US$ billions...2, 072.0 GDP per capita (US$...34,715 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...2. 08 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.49.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..49.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..42.4.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..43.4.4 Basic requirements (20.0%).54.4.8 Institutions...106.3.4 Infrastructure...26.5.4 Macroeconomic environment...108.4.1 Health and primary education...22.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).47.4.4 Higher education and training...47.4.8 Goods market efficiency...73.4.3 Labor market efficiency...136.3.3 Financial market development...119.3.3 Technological readiness...38.4.8 Market size...12.5.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).29.4.3 Business sophistication...25.4.8 Innovation...35.3.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.9 Tax rates...18.7 Access to financing...16.1 Restrictive labor regulations...11.1 Tax regulations...8. 6 Corruption...7. 2 Policy instability...5. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 0 Crime and theft...1. 7 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 8 Inflation...0. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Italy Italy Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Italy Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 223 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...110 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...79 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 5...123 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...2. 7...138 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 0...71 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.2.122 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 0...43 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...43 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 4...137 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 0...138 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 4...141 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*7. 2...18 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...1. 9...143 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 6...139 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...122 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 6...121 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...128 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 72.93 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...77 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...82 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 2...81 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 6...139 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 0...127 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 4...93 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...84 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 0...64 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...106 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 7...128 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*58.5.56 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*22.3.34 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*89.8.31 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*64.8.25 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 5...11 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 9...15 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 807.8.11 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.3.96 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 4...10 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 2...26 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 6...1 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...6 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 9...19 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...37 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 0...28 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...63 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 1...127 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 3...39 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 5...38 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 6...35 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 7...59 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...130 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 8...23 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*53.8.24 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 0...74 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...70 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...95 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 7...139 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...74 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...78 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 1...135 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 9...139 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...1. 9...142 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 0...143 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 2...135 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 5...143 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 6...54 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...81 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 3...132 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 8...42 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...105 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...99 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 9...121 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 3...127 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...56 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 3...57 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 1...29 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 5...55 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 3...70 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 358.7.18 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 9...35 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*158.9.15 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*34.3.33 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 0...77 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.8.84 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*132.5.139 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*66.9.39 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 7...18 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 6...21 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 3...28 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 2...15 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.9.3 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...34 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.2.42 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*100.7.33 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*62.5.35 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 7...67 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 5...45 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 1...26 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 8...91 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 8...30 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 2...133 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...58 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 3...8 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...100 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 0...143 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*65.8.134 Italy  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 224 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 8 GDP (US$ billions...14.3 GDP per capita (US$...5, 134 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.86.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..94.3.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..97.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..107.3.8 Basic requirements (40.0%).99.4.1 Institutions...80.3.7 Infrastructure...80.3.8 Macroeconomic environment...136.3.3 Health and primary education...72.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).77.3.9 Higher education and training...76.4.2 Goods market efficiency...76.4.3 Labor market efficiency...58.4.3 Financial market development...48.4.4 Technological readiness...75.3.6 Market size...107.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).71.3.6 Business sophistication...67.4.0 Innovation...75.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Crime and theft...16.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.0 Corruption...12.0 Tax rates...11.5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 9 Access to financing...7. 6 Inflation...6. 7 Tax regulations...5. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 2 Policy instability...1. 9 Foreign currency regulations...1. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 7 Poor public health...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Jamaica Jamaica Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Jamaica Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 225 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...88 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 0...11 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 6...94 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 0...47 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 1...100 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...97 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*56.8.48 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 8...118 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...65 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...75 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...38 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...55 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*14.0.65 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...102 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 4...115 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...46 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...105 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 2...88 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.64 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 6...61 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...80 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 3...28 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 2...119 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...117 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 3...53 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...28 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 4...43 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...61 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...69 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*37.8.88 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 8...82 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*32.3.69 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*28.3.69 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...102 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...115 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*25.2.112 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*29.4.98 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...85 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...73 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...82 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 0...41 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...76 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...106 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...80 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 2...67 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...77 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...53 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 1...49 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...83 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...56 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...115 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...108 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 6...74 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 4...52 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 8...62 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...86 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...95 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...75 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 5...42 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...94 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 3...125 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 7...126 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...88 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...53 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...109 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...57 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 1...143 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 9...138 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 6...105 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...74 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 3...35 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...50 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 6...41 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 2...70 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...84 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 9...42 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 9...48 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*145.0.73 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 4...83 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*100.4.93 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 9...92 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 1...21 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*10.4.127 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 4...132 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*138.9.140 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*26.8.116 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 6...17 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...61 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 7...122 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 7...99 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*14.4.73 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.3.81 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...75 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.1.87 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*88.6.74 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*30.8.79 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 7...70 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 5...101 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...57 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 0...83 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...86 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...59 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...39 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...89 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...41 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...117 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*44.3.99 Jamaica  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 226 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...127.3 GDP (US$ billions...4, 901.5 GDP per capita (US$...38,491 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...5. 40 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.6.5.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..9...5. 4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..10.5.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..9...5. 4 Basic requirements (20.0%).25.5.5 Institutions...11.5.5 Infrastructure...6...6. 1 Macroeconomic environment...127.3.6 Health and primary education...6...6. 6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).7...5. 4 Higher education and training...21.5.4 Goods market efficiency...12.5.2 Labor market efficiency...22.4.7 Financial market development...16.5.0 Technological readiness...20.5.6 Market size...4...6. 1 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).2...5. 7 Business sophistication...1...5. 8 Innovation...4...5. 5 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...26.0 Restrictive labor regulations...18.7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...15.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.9 Policy instability...8. 1 Tax regulations...5. 8 Government instability/coups...4. 9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 3 Inflation...1. 3 Access to financing...1. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Corruption...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Japan Japan Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Japan Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 227 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*22.0.98 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...131 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...116 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 2...37 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 3...27 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...58 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 1...24 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*20.3.135 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...6. 3...1 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...5. 3...1 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 6...6 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 9...9 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 8...133 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...61 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 8...11 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 5...18 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 4...24 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...79 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 75.88 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 3...27 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 1...29 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 9...12 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 7...19 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...24 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...33 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...15 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 2...14 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 1...2 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...55 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*86.3.12 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*28.8.18 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*39.2.64 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*120.5.3 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 1...4 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 2...7 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*4, 698.8.4 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*17.5.132 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...6. 3...1 11.02 Local supplier quality...6. 2...1 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 3...8 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 4...1 11.05 Value chain breadth...6. 1...1 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 6...1 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 4...2 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 6...8 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 7...21 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 4...7 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 8...7 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 8...2 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 0...16 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 1...21 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 4...3 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*308.2.2 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 9...11 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 0...7 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 6...14 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 5...21 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 2...11 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 2...8 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 1...7 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 1...22 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...64 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 2...18 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 4...19 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 3...11 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 1...80 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...33 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 2...52 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 0...17 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 0...7 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 9...11 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 4...18 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 3...14 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 0...16 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 2...9 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 9...10 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...6. 7...1 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 3...26 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 5...27 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*5, 620.9.4 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 3...25 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*115.2.64 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*50.4.12 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†8. 4...136 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*21.7.58 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...62 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*243.2.143 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*81.6.18 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*19.0.44 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...43 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...35 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 2...4 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*83.1.2 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 5...10 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.9.3 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.8.25 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*61.5.39 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 4...33 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 1...21 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...72 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 3...37 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 6...9 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 4...2 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 4...1 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 7...2 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 4...4 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 7...71 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*49.7.114 Japan  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 228 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 5 GDP (US$ billions...33.9 GDP per capita (US$...5, 174 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.64.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..68.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..64.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..71.4.2 Basic requirements (40.0%).73.4.5 Institutions...37.4.5 Infrastructure...71.4.1 Macroeconomic environment...131.3.4 Health and primary education...47.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).70.4.1 Higher education and training...48.4.8 Goods market efficiency...40.4.6 Labor market efficiency...94.4.0 Financial market development...66.4.1 Technological readiness...73.3.7 Market size...88.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).42.4.0 Business sophistication...42.4.4 Innovation...41.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...13.4 Corruption...12.2 Tax regulations...9. 7 Tax rates...9. 5 Access to financing...9. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 1 Inflation...5. 1 Crime and theft...3. 9 Foreign currency regulations...3. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Government instability/coups...2. 8 Policy instability...2. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 6 Poor public health...1. 6 Jordan Jordan Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Jordan Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 229 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*12.0.62 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...58 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...85 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.5.107 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 6...66 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...73 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 5...44 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*77.7.26 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 9...47 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...53 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 6...44 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...73 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 0...60 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...13 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...95 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...44 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...72 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 9...43 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 0...35 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 23.142 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 7...58 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 5...47 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 2...35 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...25 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 5...23 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 2...57 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...42 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*2...137 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 4...41 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 3...36 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...33 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*44.2.76 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 8...90 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 0...123 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*16.1.85 85 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...88 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...95 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*40.0.95 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.6.70 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 9...36 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...64 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 5...29 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 3...32 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 1...46 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...33 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 3...47 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...55 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 4...31 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 9...58 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...57 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...45 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...52 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 9...35 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 0...13 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 5...82 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 1...34 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 6...34 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 0...43 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 6...41 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 6...46 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 5...46 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 8...34 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...32 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...33 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 4...31 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 4...22 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 6...30 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...84 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 1...41 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 6...37 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 3...31 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 6...36 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...54 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...92 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...39 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 8...48 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 1...61 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 2...81 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 1...72 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...55 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*191.5.66 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...49 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*141.8.31 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*5. 2...105 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 3...110 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*9. 6...130 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 5...98 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*87.7.123 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*42.0.76 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*5. 8...12 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...66 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...68 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*16.4.80 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.7.77 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 4...52 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.1.44 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*87.8.77 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*46.6.57 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...24 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 6...39 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 7...43 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 0...46 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 6...41 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...58 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...57 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 3...31 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 5...39 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...42 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*28.9.34 Jordan  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 230 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...17.2 GDP (US$ billions...220.3 GDP per capita (US$...12,843 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 28 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.50.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..50.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..51.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..72.4.2 Basic requirements (37.7%).51.4.8 Institutions...57.4.0 Infrastructure...62.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...27.5.7 Health and primary education...96.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).48.4.3 Higher education and training...62.4.5 Goods market efficiency...54.4.5 Labor market efficiency...15.4.9 Financial market development...98.3.7 Technological readiness...61.4.2 Market size...52.4.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (12.3%).89.3.5 Business sophistication...91.3.8 Innovation...85.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...16.7 Access to financing...14.6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 0 Tax regulations...7. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 4 Inflation...6. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 1 Tax rates...5. 9 Foreign currency regulations...4. 7 Crime and theft...4. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Government instability/coups...2. 6 Policy instability...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 3 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Kazakhstan Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 231 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*12.0.62 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...57 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...63 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*9. 4...101 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 0...111 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...78 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 9...77 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.7.123 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...65 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...28 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...49 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...20 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...22 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...43 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 7...16 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...75 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...71 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...37 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 91.25 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 5...65 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 3...55 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...87 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 2...43 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 0...47 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...108 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...86 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 4...93 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...90 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 1...107 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*54.0.61 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*11.6.58 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*49.8.54 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*56.6.34 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...52 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...49 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*246.9.51 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*39.6.68 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...103 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...108 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...116 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...84 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...109 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...91 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 8...72 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...65 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...55 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...69 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...99 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...68 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...88 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...74 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...83 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 0...70 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 1...70 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...74 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 4...61 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 7...34 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...80 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 4...86 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 3...53 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 7...40 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...63 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...59 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...60 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...40 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...68 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...53 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...74 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...91 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...48 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...79 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 7...61 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...69 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 4...62 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 0...113 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 2...28 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 7...123 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...85 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*252.3.57 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 7...78 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*180.5.4 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*26.7.43 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*5. 0...9 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*25.6.37 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...107 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*13.5.11 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*60.4.48 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*137.0.102 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...111 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 2...81 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*16.7.81 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*69.6.99 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 1...64 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*85.6.116 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.7.42 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*44.5.62 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...76 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 1...72 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...92 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 7...56 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...66 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...62 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...111 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...68 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...94 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...37 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*28.6.33 Kazakhstan  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 232 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...44.4 GDP (US$ billions...45.1 GDP per capita (US$...1, 016 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 09 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.90.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..96.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..106.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..102.3.8 Basic requirements (60.0%).115.3.8 Institutions...78.3.7 Infrastructure...96.3.3 Macroeconomic environment...126.3.7 Health and primary education...120.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).66.4.1 Higher education and training...95.3.8 Goods market efficiency...62.4.4 Labor market efficiency...25.4.7 Financial market development...24.4.8 Technological readiness...87.3.5 Market size...74.3.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).40.4.0 Business sophistication...44.4.4 Innovation...38.3.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...20.0 Access to financing...18.1 Crime and theft...10.3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 9 Tax rates...9. 9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 2 Inflation...6. 8 Policy instability...3. 5 Tax regulations...3. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 3 Poor public health...1. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Kenya Kenya Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Kenya Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 233 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*32.0.112 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...50 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...110 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 8...98 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...78 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...70 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...92 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*45.5.75 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...35 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...89 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...70 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...69 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 5...17 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*6. 5...17 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...75 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 1...56 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 8...34 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 8...47 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 7...55 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 86.48 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 7...56 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...64 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 3...30 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 4...33 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 1...43 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 3...54 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...47 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 1...55 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 8...56 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...59 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*39.0.85 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...124 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*49.9.53 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 0...115 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...70 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...88 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*80.4.75 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.5.116 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 2...19 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 7...47 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 2...41 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...51 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 3...36 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...40 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...55 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...59 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 1...38 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 5...33 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 2...42 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 8...28 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 2...37 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...49 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...44 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...95 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...65 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...69 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...83 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...69 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 2...108 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 1...52 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...75 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...61 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...48 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...47 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 8...42 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 1...58 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 0...135 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 0...129 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 7...125 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 9...85 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...73 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 7...68 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...55 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...60 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 3...65 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 2...59 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 5...71 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 3...61 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...54 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*301.4.53 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 9...95 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*70.6.122 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 5...133 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†6. 2...124 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*12.2.121 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 7...100 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*50.5.88 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*34.6.94 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*8, 106.0.54 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 5...44 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*272.0.128 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 6...102 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*6. 1...133 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 0...125 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*48.7.123 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*61.1.122 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...79 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*81.8.125 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*60.1.113 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*4. 0...133 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 5...30 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 0...76 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 7...44 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...79 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 8...32 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...34 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 7...21 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 1...41 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...42 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...76 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*44.2.98 Kenya  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 234 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...50.2 GDP (US$ billions...1, 221.8 GDP per capita (US$...24,329 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 92 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.26.5.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..25.5.0 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..19.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..24.5.0 Basic requirements (20.0%).20.5.5 Institutions...82.3.7 Infrastructure...14.5.7 Macroeconomic environment...7...6. 4 Health and primary education...27.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).25.4.8 Higher education and training...23.5.4 Goods market efficiency...33.4.7 Labor market efficiency...86.4.1 Financial market development...80.3.8 Technological readiness...25.5.4 Market size...11.5.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).22.4.8 Business sophistication...27.4.7 Innovation...17.4.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Policy instability...18.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.5 Access to financing...13.9 Restrictive labor regulations...11.9 Tax regulations...8. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...7. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Corruption...4. 3 Tax rates...4. 2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...2. 5 Inflation...2. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 2 Crime and theft...0. 0 Korea, Rep Korea, Rep. Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Korea, Rep. Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 235 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 5...18 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...80 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...104 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 5...93 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 2...99 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...86 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 4...52 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*50.9.62 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 5...13 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 1...24 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 6...132 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 2...58 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...106 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...113 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...36 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...49 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 4...23 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 2...28 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 72.91 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 0...100 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...90 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...65 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 2...120 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...107 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 9...122 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...89 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 7...30 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 4...28 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...73 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*84.8.15 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*38.0.5 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*30.3.70 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*105.3.7 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 4...12 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 2...6 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 666.8.12 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*55.0.38 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...32 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 0...31 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...31 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 3...19 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 7...22 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...29 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 2...25 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 8...34 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...64 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 7...24 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 0...27 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 5...20 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 6...26 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 1...20 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...42 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*201.5.8 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...64 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...68 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 3...67 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...97 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 4...52 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...82 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 9...82 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 2...68 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 2...96 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...82 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...113 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 1...133 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...115 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...76 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...93 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 6...48 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...95 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 4...84 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...126 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 4...119 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 5...23 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 6...18 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 6...10 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 3...27 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 4...31 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 293.1.20 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 5...44 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*111.0.72 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*61.6.3 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*1. 0...14 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*32.1.19 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*36.7.55 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*79.3.22 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*2. 7...18 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 5...22 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*108.0.95 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 2...87 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 2...80 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 3...16 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.4.15 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 5...44 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.1.12 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.2.48 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*98.4.2 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...73 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 7...34 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...73 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 2...10 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 7...36 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 2...53 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 9...13 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 2...120 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...47 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...106 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*27.9.30 Korea, Rep  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 236 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 9 GDP (US$ billions...185.3 GDP per capita (US$...47,639 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 18 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.40.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..36.4.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..37.4.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..34.4.6 Basic requirements (51.6%).32.5.2 Institutions...55.4.0 Infrastructure...61.4.3 Macroeconomic environment...3...6. 7 Health and primary education...82.5.6 Efficiency enhancers (41.3%).83.3.9 Higher education and training...81.4.2 Goods market efficiency...106.4.0 Labor market efficiency...116.3.8 Financial market development...77.3.9 Technological readiness...74.3.7 Market size...67.3.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (7. 1%).95.3.4 Business sophistication...76.3.9 Innovation...111.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...17.7 Restrictive labor regulations...16.7 Corruption...14.3 Access to financing...10.3 Policy instability...9. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 0 Government instability/coups...4. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 3 Foreign currency regulations...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 7 Crime and theft...1. 5 Poor public health...1. 0 Tax regulations...0. 5 Inflation...0. 3 Tax rates...0. 0 Kuwait Kuwait Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Kuwait Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 237 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*12.131 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*32.0.112 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 8...140 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...131 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 1...57 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 0...137 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...2. 6...139 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...100 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.6.132 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...78 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...72 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...56 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 2...56 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...75 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*28.1.126 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 3...7 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...104 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 6...112 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...69 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 7...53 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 53.124 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...68 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 4...52 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 9...40 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 1...45 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...69 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 4...50 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...76 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 9...67 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...62 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 2...141 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*75.5.27 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 4...99 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*9. 8...102 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*n/a n/a 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...74 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...46 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*154.5.59 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*69.5.29 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...64 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...105 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...81 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...86 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 4...104 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 8...15 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...99 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...90 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 1...39 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 0...129 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...103 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...120 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...108 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...119 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...77 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 5...79 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 4...51 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...83 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 5...57 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...56 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 2...57 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 9...37 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 9...81 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...92 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 5...135 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...65 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 7...45 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...103 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...72 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...30 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...43 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 4...57 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...61 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 6...73 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...127 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...73 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 3...67 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 6...48 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 9...82 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...100 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*243.2.58 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 0...63 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*190.3.3 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*15.1.75 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*28.9.2 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*55.2.3 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*5. 3...3 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*77.5.24 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*26.0.56 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...37 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 4...25 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*9. 5...56 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.4.68 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 2...104 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.1.86 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*100.3.34 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*40.7.67 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 1...105 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 4...102 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...87 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...80 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 6...100 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...97 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 5...114 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 4...100 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 2...131 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 6...16 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*12.4.4 Kuwait  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 238 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...5. 6 GDP (US$ billions...7. 2 GDP per capita (US$...1, 280 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.108.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..121.3.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..127.3.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..126.3.4 Basic requirements (60.0%).110.3.9 Institutions...124.3.2 Infrastructure...115.2.8 Macroeconomic environment...104.4.2 Health and primary education...101.5.3 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).104.3.6 Higher education and training...91.3.9 Goods market efficiency...77.4.3 Labor market efficiency...92.4.0 Financial market development...95.3.7 Technological readiness...111.2.9 Market size...117.2.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).126.3.0 Business sophistication...119.3.4 Innovation...132.2.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Government instability/coups...20.2 Corruption...17.4 Policy instability...13.1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 2 Access to financing...5. 9 Crime and theft...5. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 6 Tax rates...4. 6 Inflation...4. 3 Tax regulations...3. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9 Poor public health...0. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 0 Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyz Republic Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Kyrgyz Republic Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 239 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...126 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...37 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.7.109 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 1...101 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 9...107 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...109 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*109.5.5 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...80 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...71 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...88 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...16 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...52 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*17.3.83 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...92 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...26 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 3...127 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 2...136 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 1...136 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 72.94 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...108 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...107 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 6...110 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 3...115 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...115 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 7...126 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 0...124 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 7...131 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 9...118 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 9...116 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*23.4.98 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 0...107 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 9...125 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*22.7.77 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...118 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...113 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*14.7.125 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*51.5.44 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 0...117 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...115 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...130 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...101 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...116 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...117 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 1...124 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 9...93 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...107 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...111 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...129 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...131 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 6...131 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 6...134 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 9...136 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...99 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 2...125 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 6...130 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...105 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...111 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 6...132 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...119 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...123 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 4...121 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 3...87 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...122 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 6...119 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...82 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 5...111 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 2...83 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...113 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 1...118 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...103 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...118 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...103 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...101 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...96 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 7...123 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 6...67 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...1. 3...144 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 2...123 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*77.0.90 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 9...115 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*121.4.56 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 3...96 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 8...88 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*13.9.115 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 6...114 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*47.7.82 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*33.6.96 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 1...31 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*141.0.104 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 2...124 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 8...95 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*23.6.96 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.0.97 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 0...110 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*90.5.102 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*88.2.76 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*41.3.65 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...121 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 0...120 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 9...133 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...95 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 5...110 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 5...113 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...107 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...109 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...123 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...99 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*33.4.51 Kyrgyz Republic  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 240 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 8 GDP (US$ billions...10.0 GDP per capita (US$...1, 477 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.93.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..81.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144...n/a n/a GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (60.0%).98.4.1 Institutions...63.3.9 Infrastructure...94.3.4 Macroeconomic environment...124.3.8 Health and primary education...90.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).107.3.6 Higher education and training...110.3.3 Goods market efficiency...59.4.4 Labor market efficiency...34.4.6 Financial market development...101.3.7 Technological readiness...115.2.8 Market size...121.2.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).80.3.5 Business sophistication...79.3.9 Innovation...84.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce...20.3 Access to financing...14.7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...13.3 Corruption...8. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 5 Tax regulations...5. 2 Tax rates...4. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 2 Foreign currency regulations...3. 8 Inflation...2. 6 Policy instability...2. 4 Poor public health...1. 7 Crime and theft...1. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 6 Government instability/coups...1. 2 Lao PDR Lao PDR Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Lao PDR Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 241 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*92.0.138 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 3...22 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...82 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 5...91 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...93 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 8...34 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 1...63 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.6.116 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...68 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 7...45 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 1...21 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...22 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...46 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*47.2.136 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...32 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 0...8 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...65 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 1...34 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...73 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 99.5 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...79 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...57 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 9...100 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...71 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...85 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...76 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 9...79 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 1...114 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...96 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...72 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*12.5.120 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...123 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*10.6.97 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 1...118 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 4...123 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...118 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*20.8.117 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.8.94 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 3...101 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...104 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...37 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...112 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...89 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...86 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...88 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...82 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 2...34 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...71 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 5...86 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 3...51 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...76 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...51 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 1...127 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...115 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...95 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 6...76 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 4...59 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 9...29 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...96 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 9...61 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 7...38 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 1...25 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...26 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 3...38 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...106 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 5...113 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...78 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 0...43 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...71 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 2...64 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...65 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...122 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 1...30 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...58 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*1. 7...143 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 3...66 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...68 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...129 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...82 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*20.7.123 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 0...64 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*66.2.130 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*10.0.87 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 7...104 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.4.94 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 4...111 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*62.0.102 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*19.4.132 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 655.2.45 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 0...53 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*204.0.119 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 0...130 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 2...120 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*54.0.126 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*67.8.104 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...84 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.9.56 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*46.5.124 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*16.7.99 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...60 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 9...83 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 1...79 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 8...88 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...83 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...45 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...69 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...37 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 5...35 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...38 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*26.8.25 Lao PDR  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 242 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 0 GDP (US$ billions...31.0 GDP per capita (US$...15,205 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.42.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..52.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..55.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..64.4.2 Basic requirements (24.5%).34.5.1 Institutions...51.4.1 Infrastructure...47.4.6 Macroeconomic environment...32.5.5 Health and primary education...31.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).36.4.6 Higher education and training...31.5.1 Goods market efficiency...36.4.7 Labor market efficiency...17.4.8 Financial market development...33.4.6 Technological readiness...32.5.1 Market size...95.3.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (25.5%).61.3.7 Business sophistication...61.4.1 Innovation...70.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...17.8 Tax regulations...11.9 Access to financing...11.0 Corruption...9. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 9 Policy instability...8. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 7 Crime and theft...4. 8 Tax rates...4. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 6 Poor public health...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Inflation...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Latvia Latvia Advanced economies Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Latvia Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 243 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*12.5.66 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...52 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...26 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 3...29 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 8...36 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 5...45 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*65.6.38 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 0...38 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 1...97 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 8...35 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 0...6 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...50 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*9. 7...35 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...103 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 8...13 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 8...33 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...94 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...107 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.21 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 1...40 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 1...32 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...96 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...96 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 0...48 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 2...56 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...60 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 7...35 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...48 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...44 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*75.2.28 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*24.7.28 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*68.1.38 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*61.2.28 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 9...96 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...83 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*38.9.98 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*62.5.31 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...108 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 9...37 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...90 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 6...63 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...77 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 3...49 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 9...66 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...57 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 0...45 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 6...81 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 2...43 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...74 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 7...63 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...92 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...106 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*9. 2...37 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 6...45 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 0...51 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 3...68 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 7...84 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 8...41 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 0...58 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...70 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...79 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...75 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 0...116 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 0...95 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 4...43 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...36 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...38 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 7...34 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 6...46 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 1...56 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...40 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...38 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...87 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 0...40 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 1...108 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 1...30 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 2...31 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 4...35 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*69.3.94 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 5...47 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*136.6.35 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*23.4.48 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 3...41 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.0.57 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 0...68 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*32.1.43 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*58.0.54 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*53.0.75 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...44 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 0...46 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*7. 6...47 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.8.74 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 0...26 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.7.36 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.7.43 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*65.1.31 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...65 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 9...27 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...52 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...21 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...53 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...33 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...23 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...64 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...60 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...67 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.9.64 Latvia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 244 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...4. 5 GDP (US$ billions...44.3 GDP per capita (US$...9, 920 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 08 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.113.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..103.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..91.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..89.3.9 Basic requirements (37.7%).127.3.5 Institutions...139.2.7 Infrastructure...122.2.6 Macroeconomic environment...143.2.6 Health and primary education...30.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).85.3.9 Higher education and training...67.4.4 Goods market efficiency...71.4.3 Labor market efficiency...123.3.7 Financial market development...102.3.7 Technological readiness...86.3.5 Market size...76.3.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (12.3%).101.3.3 Business sophistication...75.3.9 Innovation...119.2.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...17.5 Corruption...15.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.5 Government instability/coups...11.6 Access to financing...9. 9 Policy instability...6. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 4 Tax rates...4. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 6 Inflation...3. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Tax regulations...2. 0 Poor public health...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Crime and theft...0. 2 Lebanon Lebanon Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Lebanon Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 245 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*9. 0...50 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 8...138 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...50 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 1...80 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 9...113 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 8...111 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 1...129 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*80.4.23 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...87 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...87 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...82 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...51 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...70 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...51 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...60 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 3...125 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 3...134 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 2...135 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 34.138 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 6...60 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...72 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...132 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...76 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 8...59 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...27 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...108 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...100 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...94 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 4...139 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*70.5.38 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*10.0.64 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*15.4.91 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*41.8.49 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...77 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 5...71 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*66.3.80 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*65.1.30 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...50 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...93 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...107 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...54 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...78 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 7...20 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...84 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 4...53 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 2...121 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...54 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...128 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...127 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 9...118 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 0...142 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...28 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 7...60 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...108 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 2...139 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 9...137 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 3...144 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 2...142 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 1...138 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...1. 7...142 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 4...143 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 6...131 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 5...132 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 1...139 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 9...138 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 6...140 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...113 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 5...88 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 8...132 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...2. 9...141 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...98 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 7...133 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 4...121 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 3...140 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 8...120 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 1...73 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 5...65 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*152.1.72 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 4...143 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*80.6.114 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*18.0.66 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†9. 5...138 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*6. 3...133 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 2...64 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*139.7.141 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*31.3.107 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*16.0.37 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 3...35 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 2...34 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*8. 0...49 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*79.8.30 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 3...16 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.2.79 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*74.0.99 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*46.3.58 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...28 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 7...5 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 3...17 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 7...92 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...67 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 5...117 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...30 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...76 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...117 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...45 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*30.2.42 Lebanon  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 246 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 9 GDP (US$ billions...2. 3 GDP per capita (US$...1, 194 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.107.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..123.3.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..137.3.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..135.3.3 Basic requirements (60.0%).102.4.1 Institutions...68.3.9 Infrastructure...116.2.8 Macroeconomic environment...28.5.7 Health and primary education...128.4.0 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).130.3.2 Higher education and training...116.3.2 Goods market efficiency...80.4.2 Labor market efficiency...76.4.2 Financial market development...123.3.3 Technological readiness...137.2.4 Market size...139.2.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).117.3.1 Business sophistication...123.3.4 Innovation...110.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...25.0 Corruption...21.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...14.6 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 6 Crime and theft...5. 3 Foreign currency regulations...3. 3 Government instability/coups...2. 3 Tax rates...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 5 Policy instability...1. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 4 Poor public health...1. 3 Inflation...1. 2 Tax regulations...0. 4 Lesotho Lesotho Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Lesotho Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 247 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*29.0.110 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...61 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...122 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 1...77 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 0...107 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...47 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...107 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*127.4.3 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 5...133 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...55 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...102 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 0...123 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...76 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.0.70 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...40 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...84 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...119 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...68 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...63 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 81.71 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 2...131 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 4...125 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 7...109 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...63 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...72 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 5...130 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...130 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 5...135 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 5...136 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 5...134 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*5. 0...132 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...127 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*5. 9...112 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 4...103 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 8...137 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...138 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*4. 3...141 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*43.6.57 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 6...136 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 5...128 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...65 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...87 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...101 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 2...133 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 0...125 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 3...126 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 0...129 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...122 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 9...114 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...92 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...99 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...106 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...97 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 6...103 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...81 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 8...49 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 4...47 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 2...58 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 1...55 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 7...39 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 7...39 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...31 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...70 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...62 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...71 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...76 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 9...96 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 5...85 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 7...45 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...63 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...2. 8...139 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 6...135 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 1...130 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...98 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 3...97 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 7...120 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 1...144 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*0. 3...143 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 7...97 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*86.3.110 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*2. 8...115 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*3. 0...10 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*31.7.21 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 3...96 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.6.61 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*32.7.99 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*630.0.140 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 2...86 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*23.1.142 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 4...113 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*74.2.138 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*48.8.142 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 1...66 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*81.6.126 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*53.3.119 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*10.8.111 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 1...49 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 8...90 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...91 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 2...114 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...82 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...75 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...93 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...84 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...103 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...65 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*16.0.9 Lesotho  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 248 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 1 GDP (US$ billions...67.6 GDP per capita (US$...11,046 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 08 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.126.3.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..108.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..113.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (58.5%).111.3.9 Institutions...142.2.6 Infrastructure...113.2.9 Macroeconomic environment...41.5.4 Health and primary education...119.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (36.1%).137.3.0 Higher education and training...102.3.6 Goods market efficiency...139.3.3 Labor market efficiency...133.3.4 Financial market development...144.1.9 Technological readiness...130.2.6 Market size...85.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 4%).143.2.5 Business sophistication...135.3.0 Innovation...144.2.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Government instability/coups...11.6 Access to financing...11.4 Inadequately educated workforce...10.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.6 Policy instability...10.4 Corruption...10.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 9 Foreign currency regulations...6. 1 Crime and theft...5. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 1 Poor public health...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 8 Inflation...0. 6 Tax regulations...0. 4 Tax rates...0. 2 Libya Libya Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Libya Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 249 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*35.0.119 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 1...143 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...132 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 0...1 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 4...143 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 0...135 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...2. 6...139 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*34.5.101 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 4...137 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 3...139 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...103 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...82 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...95 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.3.42 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...52 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 0...132 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 7...140 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 7...118 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...132 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 40.131 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 1...144 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 0...144 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 8...140 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 5...142 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 6...142 8. 06 Soundness of banks...2. 7...142 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 0...137 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*1...143 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 1...140 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 2...142 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...2. 7...144 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*16.5.108 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 0...106 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*21.5.82 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*n/a n/a 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 9...95 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...67 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*70.4.78 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*76.1.19 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...58 11.02 Local supplier quality...2. 8...142 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 7...140 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...134 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 7...143 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...83 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 3...142 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 5...143 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 1...128 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 5...144 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...1. 7...143 12.03 Company spending on R&d...1. 8...144 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...1. 7...144 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...1. 9...143 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...119 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 0...131 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...1. 8...143 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 1...133 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...112 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...122 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 0...104 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...124 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 0...136 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 5...134 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 4...135 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 4...127 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 9...139 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 4...142 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 5...138 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...116 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 0...143 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...127 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...2. 2...144 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...2. 4...144 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 4...144 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*1. 7...143 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...1. 9...144 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 1...142 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...131 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 4...139 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*111.2.79 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 8...116 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*165.0.9 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*12.7.82 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*1. 6...12 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.4.78 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*0. 0...1 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*35.6.93 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*40.0.65 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 0...91 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 9...93 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*13.2.68 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.2.54 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 5...128 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*n/a n/a 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*104.3.20 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*60.9.41 5. 03 Quality of the education system...1. 9...144 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 9...125 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 3...142 5. 06 Internet access in schools...1. 6...143 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 5...143 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 7...143 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 7...141 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 7...137 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 1...143 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...109 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*31.6.44 Libya  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 250 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 0 GDP (US$ billions...47.6 GDP per capita (US$...16,003 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 08 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.41.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..48.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..45.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..44.4.4 Basic requirements (22.5%).37.5.1 Institutions...58.4.0 Infrastructure...43.4.7 Macroeconomic environment...42.5.3 Health and primary education...35.6.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).38.4.5 Higher education and training...26.5.3 Goods market efficiency...47.4.6 Labor market efficiency...53.4.3 Financial market development...65.4.1 Technological readiness...28.5.4 Market size...77.3.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (27.5%).44.4.0 Business sophistication...49.4.3 Innovation...44.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...17.3 Restrictive labor regulations...13.4 Tax rates...12.5 Corruption...10.6 Tax regulations...9. 8 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 9 Access to financing...7. 7 Government instability/coups...5. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 0 Policy instability...3. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 7 Inflation...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 8 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Lithuania Lithuania Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Lithuania Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 251 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 5...31 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...70 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...97 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...88 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 0...101 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 6...43 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*84.9.17 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 2...30 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...94 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...87 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 0...8 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 0...125 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*24.6.112 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...124 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 8...12 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...50 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 7...119 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...129 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 95.13 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...45 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 9...39 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...67 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 6...91 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...73 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...113 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...70 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 7...32 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 4...33 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 5...7 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*68.5.40 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*22.0.35 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*99.6.30 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*49.9.40 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...80 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...66 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*67.6.79 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*83.3.17 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 2...20 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 0...34 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...89 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 5...69 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 2...40 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...34 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 4...41 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 8...37 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...67 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 3...38 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 8...28 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...70 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 6...27 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...101 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...67 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*6. 1...47 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...62 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 8...58 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 3...66 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 7...83 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 6...47 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...71 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...62 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...90 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 0...105 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...84 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...108 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 7...28 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...52 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...48 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 1...55 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 3...60 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...46 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...59 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...34 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...89 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 9...43 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...36 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 5...22 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 9...47 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 2...75 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*55.1.97 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 6...41 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*151.3.22 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*20.7.55 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 1...54 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*19.3.73 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.3.60 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*61.2.47 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*66.0.81 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 6...72 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 2...33 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 4...32 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.9.73 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 0...24 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.8.57 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*105.9.18 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*73.9.22 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 9...55 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 1...23 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...60 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 9...23 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 8...33 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 2...50 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...22 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 6...81 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...68 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...124 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*43.1.92 Lithuania  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 252 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 5 GDP (US$ billions...59.8 GDP per capita (US$...110,424 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.19.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..22.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..22.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..23.5.0 Basic requirements (20.0%).7...6. 0 Institutions...6...5. 7 Infrastructure...16.5.7 Macroeconomic environment...8...6. 4 Health and primary education...36.6.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).22.5.0 Higher education and training...43.4.9 Goods market efficiency...5...5. 5 Labor market efficiency...16.4.9 Financial market development...14.5.1 Technological readiness...1...6. 4 Market size...96.3.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).18.4.9 Business sophistication...21.5.0 Innovation...16.4.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...22.7 Inadequately educated workforce...18.6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.0 Access to financing...11.0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 7 Tax rates...6. 7 Tax regulations...5. 6 Inflation...4. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 9 Foreign currency regulations...2. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 2 Policy instability...1. 0 Corruption...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Luxembourg Luxembourg Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Luxembourg Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 253 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*18.5.87 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...5. 0...4 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 3...5 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 3...1 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 9...4 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 5...9 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*125.3.4 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 4...16 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 7...5 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...15 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...96 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 7...87 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*21.7.101 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...10 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 3...43 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 5...17 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 0...12 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 5...8 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.65 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 3...2 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...6. 1...2 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 4...22 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 4...6 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 2...10 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 0...16 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 0...4 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 2...13 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 0...8 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 4...9 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*93.8.6 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*33.5.11 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*6, 445.8.1 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*80.5.15 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...112 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...62 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*42.6.92 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*164.3.3 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 0...121 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 4...17 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 9...17 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 7...13 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 9...18 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...64 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 6...16 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 3...21 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 0...14 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 3...9 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 0...26 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 7...16 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 9...18 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 6...6 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...52 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*118.6.14 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 1...5 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 1...3 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 1...5 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 4...7 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 3...6 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 0...12 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 7...11 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 5...16 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 3...9 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 4...12 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 1...6 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 6...6 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...16 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 1...9 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 3...11 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 1...9 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 0...8 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 2...8 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 8...6 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 5...7 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 9...14 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 7...15 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 0...13 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...37 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 4...32 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*28.5.112 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 6...10 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*148.6.24 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*50.5.11 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 0...22 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*28.2.30 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.9.23 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*91.7.6 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 5...15 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 7...15 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...20 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*1. 7...2 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.4.14 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 0...25 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.1.88 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.0.30 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*18.2.95 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...25 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 8...28 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 7...39 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 1...14 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 3...22 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 4...3 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...54 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 8...18 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 2...11 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 3...8 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*20.7.12 Luxembourg  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 254 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 1 GDP (US$ billions...10.2 GDP per capita (US$...4, 944 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.63.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..73.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..80.4.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..79.4.1 Basic requirements (40.0%).64.4.6 Institutions...45.4.3 Infrastructure...82.3.7 Macroeconomic environment...55.4.9 Health and primary education...78.5.6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).69.4.1 Higher education and training...71.4.3 Goods market efficiency...38.4.6 Labor market efficiency...71.4.2 Financial market development...41.4.5 Technological readiness...62.4.0 Market size...108.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).76.3.5 Business sophistication...89.3.8 Innovation...68.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...16.9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...11.9 Inadequately educated workforce...10.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 0 Policy instability...8. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...7. 6 Corruption...5. 0 Tax rates...4. 6 Tax regulations...4. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 8 Poor public health...2. 8 Crime and theft...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...1. 5 Government instability/coups...1. 3 Inflation...1. 0 Macedonia, FYR Macedonia, FYR Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Macedonia, FYR Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 255 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 0...2 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 3...23 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...73 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 3...71 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 9...112 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 2...20 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 7...36 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*74.4.29 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...54 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 8...118 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...63 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...18 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...27 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.0.57 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...19 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 7...18 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 7...107 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 5...127 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 2...134 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 66.104 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...76 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 3...54 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 4...74 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...55 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 9...52 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 3...52 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...50 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 9...69 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...105 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...76 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*61.2.50 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.7.45 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*36.4.66 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*38.3.55 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...109 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...102 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*22.6.113 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*53.0.42 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...49 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...71 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...95 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...132 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...72 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...81 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 8...73 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...78 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...113 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...91 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 7...71 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...67 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 7...60 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 6...56 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...81 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...91 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 6...48 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 0...48 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 0...42 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 3...52 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 0...35 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...79 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 6...41 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...30 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...27 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 0...53 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...92 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 6...29 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 6...53 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...51 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 8...65 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 5...53 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...45 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...61 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...77 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...53 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 0...16 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 9...84 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 4...91 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 0...86 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 4...102 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 7...59 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*16.4.127 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 9...66 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*106.2.82 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*19.0.61 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 0...91 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.6.53 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.8.52 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*42.0.77 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*18.0.41 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...60 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 9...54 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*6. 5...43 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.0.58 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 3...56 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*86.5.109 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*82.8.91 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*38.5.70 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 0...53 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 4...48 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...90 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 5...33 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...93 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...81 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...43 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...70 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...62 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 5...19 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*8. 2...1 Macedonia, FYR  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 256 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...23.0 GDP (US$ billions...11.2 GDP per capita (US$...488 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.130.3.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..132.3.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..130.3.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..130.3.4 Basic requirements (60.0%).129.3.5 Institutions...128.3.1 Infrastructure...135.2.1 Macroeconomic environment...81.4.6 Health and primary education...125.4.3 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).128.3.3 Higher education and training...130.2.6 Goods market efficiency...102.4.1 Labor market efficiency...39.4.5 Financial market development...132.2.9 Technological readiness...127.2.6 Market size...114.2.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).105.3.3 Business sophistication...117.3.5 Innovation...94.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Government instability/coups...16.6 Policy instability...15.4 Access to financing...15.1 Corruption...14.9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 8 Crime and theft...5. 3 Tax rates...4. 6 Tax regulations...4. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...3. 2 Inflation...3. 2 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 1 Poor public health...0. 5 Madagascar Madagascar Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Madagascar Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 257 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 5...100 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...109 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*7. 6...88 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...96 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 0...102 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...114 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.0.82 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 5...74 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 5...133 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...77 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 2...57 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...36 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*12.3.54 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...111 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...71 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 9...91 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...104 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 0...96 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 97.8 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 5...127 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 1...132 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 3...125 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...78 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...89 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 0...119 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 5...133 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*2...137 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...103 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...87 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...103 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*2. 2...138 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...135 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*0. 4...143 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 4...128 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...114 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...117 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*22.3.114 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.8.100 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...94 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...101 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 9...133 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 7...124 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...99 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 3...128 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 3...110 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 4...123 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...83 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 6...83 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 2...104 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...88 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...93 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...83 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...38 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...109 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 1...130 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...115 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 3...126 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 1...120 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 0...117 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 2...134 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 7...96 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 4...117 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...69 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...117 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 7...117 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 1...132 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 5...112 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 7...106 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 1...110 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 8...130 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...120 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 1...104 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...85 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 4...120 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 1...122 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 6...129 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 8...92 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 4...103 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 4...114 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*40.0.107 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 3...130 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*36.1.139 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 1...123 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 5...44 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*19.2.74 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...106 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.8.86 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*18.2.136 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*5, 831.2.52 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 4...64 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*234.0.124 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...112 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 5...88 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 0...87 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*40.9.111 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*64.2.113 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 6...123 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*77.1.129 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*38.0.130 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*4. 2...132 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...115 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 7...93 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...93 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 4...135 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...117 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...102 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...90 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...112 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...119 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...125 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.8.63 Madagascar  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 258 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...17.1 GDP (US$ billions...3. 8 GDP per capita (US$...223 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.132.3.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..136.3.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..129.3.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..117.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).139.3.2 Institutions...77.3.7 Infrastructure...131.2.2 Macroeconomic environment...144.2.4 Health and primary education...123.4.4 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).122.3.4 Higher education and training...132.2.6 Goods market efficiency...108.4.0 Labor market efficiency...28.4.6 Financial market development...79.3.8 Technological readiness...135.2.4 Market size...123.2.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).115.3.2 Business sophistication...108.3.5 Innovation...115.2.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...19.1 Corruption...16.8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.1 Inflation...9. 6 Tax rates...8. 8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 2 Crime and theft...6. 7 Foreign currency regulations...6. 4 Policy instability...5. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 2 Tax regulations...1. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 2 Poor public health...0. 8 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Malawi Malawi Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Malawi Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 259 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*40.0.127 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...91 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...34 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*9. 7...103 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 6...67 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 1...99 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 8...80 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*70.2.32 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 0...108 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...117 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...68 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...48 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...90 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*16.7.80 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...100 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...61 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 7...40 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 3...78 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 5...64 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*1. 05.1 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...112 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 1...133 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...63 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 3...114 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...112 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...74 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...74 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...129 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 8...125 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...119 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*5. 4...130 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...139 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 2...138 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 9...112 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 4...122 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...124 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*15.0.124 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.9.93 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...92 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...119 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 7...79 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 8...120 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 2...119 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...116 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 0...127 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 4...122 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...87 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...116 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 1...110 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...105 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 8...120 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...110 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...103 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...122 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...83 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...100 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...107 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 7...86 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 5...94 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 0...59 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 7...97 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...106 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 7...44 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...72 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 6...49 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...102 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...47 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...111 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 1...56 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 0...82 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...78 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 7...70 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 7...58 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...50 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 1...118 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 3...99 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 9...89 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...132 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 8...132 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*9. 3...136 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 9...113 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*32.3.141 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 2...143 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†6. 7...125 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.9.93 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*27.7.142 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*68.9.112 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*19.7.130 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*27,661. 7...70 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 1...71 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*163.0.109 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 7...137 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*10.8.135 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 1...142 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*46.0.118 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*54.7.132 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 5...127 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.9.46 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*34.2.133 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*0. 8...141 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...99 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 0...119 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 2...127 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 7...128 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...113 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...65 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...76 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...122 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...79 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...103 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*34.9.57 Malawi  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 260 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...29.6 GDP (US$ billions...312.4 GDP per capita (US$...10,548 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 60 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.20.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..24.5.0 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..25.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..21.5.1 Basic requirements (36.1%).23.5.5 Institutions...20.5.1 Infrastructure...25.5.5 Macroeconomic environment...44.5.3 Health and primary education...33.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).24.4.9 Higher education and training...46.4.8 Goods market efficiency...7...5. 4 Labor market efficiency...19.4.8 Financial market development...4...5. 6 Technological readiness...60.4.2 Market size...26.4.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (13.9%).17.5.0 Business sophistication...15.5.2 Innovation...21.4.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...17.0 Access to financing...9. 7 Crime and theft...9. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 8 Tax rates...6. 6 Inflation...6. 4 Policy instability...5. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 8 Government instability/coups...5. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 4 Tax regulations...4. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 4 Foreign currency regulations...3. 4 Poor public health...0. 7 Malaysia Malaysia Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Malaysia Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 261 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...5. 2...2 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 1...9 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 2...81 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 3...30 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 5...11 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...20 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*80.0.24 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 5...11 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 9...4 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...14 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...33 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 9...9 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*23.9.111 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...8 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 4...2 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 6...15 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 1...9 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 0...12 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 59.119 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 6...17 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 6...12 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 1...8 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 8...2 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 6...2 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...35 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...13 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 7...33 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...24 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 5...8 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*67.0.41 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*8. 2...69 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*22.1.81 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.5.93 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...29 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 8...20 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*525.7.29 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*85.6.15 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 5...6 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 2...24 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 3...9 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 8...26 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 2...11 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 2...7 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 2...23 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 3...17 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 2...10 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 2...13 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 2...20 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 9...9 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 3...12 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...5. 2...3 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 2...9 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*12.6.32 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 3...26 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 2...25 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 8...26 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 7...17 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 9...37 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 9...36 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 5...14 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 9...8 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...5. 0...4 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 3...14 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 8...13 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 2...15 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...65 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 9...47 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 2...51 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 1...35 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 3...23 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 7...19 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 6...10 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 3...13 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 7...4 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 6...20 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 6...19 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 0...12 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 6...19 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 7...19 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 959.0.22 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 7...39 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*144.7.30 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*15.3.73 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 6...102 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*30.1.25 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*58.2.97 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*72.0.32 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*33.5.28 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 5...21 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*80.0.86 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 3...84 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 1...83 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*7. 3...45 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.8.60 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 3...17 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.5.60 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*67.2.108 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*36.0.72 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 3...10 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 2...16 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 1...25 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 4...34 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 4...13 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 3...4 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...34 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 2...11 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 0...17 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 2...10 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*36.3.65 Malaysia  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 262 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...16.9 GDP (US$ billions...11.1 GDP per capita (US$...657 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.128.3.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..135.3.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..128.3.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..128.3.4 Basic requirements (60.0%).128.3.5 Institutions...126.3.2 Infrastructure...103.3.2 Macroeconomic environment...86.4.5 Health and primary education...138.3.3 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).129.3.2 Higher education and training...128.2.7 Goods market efficiency...104.4.1 Labor market efficiency...102.3.9 Financial market development...122.3.3 Technological readiness...112.2.9 Market size...122.2.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).97.3.4 Business sophistication...102.3.6 Innovation...92.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...26.9 Corruption...15.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 6 Policy instability...6. 1 Government instability/coups...4. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 5 Tax regulations...3. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 3 Foreign currency regulations...3. 2 Tax rates...2. 5 Crime and theft...2. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 3 Poor public health...1. 3 Inflation...0. 8 Mali Mali Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Mali Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 263 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*11.0.57 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...59 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 2...141 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.8.111 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 5...120 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 9...109 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 2...121 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.3.80 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 2...95 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...114 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...53 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...94 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 3...35 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.7.63 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...96 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...106 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 9...135 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...65 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...78 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 63.109 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 5...126 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...113 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 4...118 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...84 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 4...94 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 9...123 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...129 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 2...105 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...107 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...88 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*2. 3...136 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...138 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*5. 9...113 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 8...119 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...121 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...123 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*18.6.120 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.4.107 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...63 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...84 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...56 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...78 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...111 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...107 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 0...128 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...112 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...114 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...112 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 6...79 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...99 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...100 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 6...58 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...50 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 4...114 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 0...109 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 5...116 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 8...82 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 5...134 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 1...103 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 7...95 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 2...69 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 2...95 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...87 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...58 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...97 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 5...141 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 9...131 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 2...134 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...90 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...87 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 3...135 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 5...138 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...104 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 7...117 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...101 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 4...94 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 1...85 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 1...112 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...96 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*28.3.113 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 5...101 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*129.1.44 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 7...130 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 7...68 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.9.108 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 6...79 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.5.39 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*18.5.134 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*20,197. 2...63 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 2...68 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*60.0.78 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 0...129 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 9...106 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 9...128 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*79.6.141 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*54.6.133 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 8...120 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*68.7.136 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*44.5.126 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*7. 5...122 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...110 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 1...114 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 4...120 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 4...109 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...115 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 3...126 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...97 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...33 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...69 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...113 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*49.5.112 Mali  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 264 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 4 GDP (US$ billions...9. 5 GDP per capita (US$...22,872 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.47.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..41.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..47.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..51.4.3 Basic requirements (20.0%).35.5.1 Institutions...40.4.5 Infrastructure...37.4.9 Macroeconomic environment...65.4.7 Health and primary education...20.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).44.4.4 Higher education and training...42.4.9 Goods market efficiency...31.4.7 Labor market efficiency...54.4.3 Financial market development...36.4.6 Technological readiness...21.5.6 Market size...126.2.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).41.4.0 Business sophistication...36.4.5 Innovation...45.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...20.4 Access to financing...15.4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...13.1 Inadequately educated workforce...11.3 Corruption...7. 9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 5 Tax rates...5. 7 Tax regulations...3. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 0 Inflation...2. 3 Policy instability...2. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Crime and theft...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 0 Malta Malta Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Malta Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 265 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*11.128 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*39.5.126 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 3...25 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...59 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 8...60 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 3...15 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 7...40 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*94.7.8 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...81 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 9...33 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 8...34 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...52 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 7...84 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*7. 3...20 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...27 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 1...58 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 0...84 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 1...37 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 3...24 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 61.116 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 4...26 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 2...24 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 4...25 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 8...16 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 1...40 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 3...10 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...26 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 7...34 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 2...38 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 2...13 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*68.9.39 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*32.8.13 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*1, 204.6.3 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*40.6.53 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 1...130 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...107 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*11.6.130 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*89.0.12 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 5...4 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...52 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...49 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 2...34 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 4...32 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...36 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 7...33 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 5...51 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...56 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...47 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...59 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 3...55 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 9...51 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...19 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...57 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*10.2.35 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 0...36 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 5...36 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 1...40 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 5...43 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 1...59 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 6...40 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...72 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...34 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...76 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 3...37 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 6...50 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...65 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 6...55 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 7...13 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 8...26 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 3...33 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...44 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 9...13 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...66 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 8...29 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 9...46 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...85 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 5...20 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 5...30 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*79.2.88 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 7...77 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*129.8.43 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*53.9.7 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 9...71 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.4.111 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*71.7.114 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*69.2.35 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*11.0.30 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...38 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...36 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*5. 8...38 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.7.22 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 5...12 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.1.65 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.3.82 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*41.2.66 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 0...16 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 3...13 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 9...31 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 8...26 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 6...40 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...40 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 1...3 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 1...44 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 8...24 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 3...27 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*41.0.86 Malta  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 266 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 7 GDP (US$ billions...4. 2 GDP per capita (US$...1, 127 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.141.3.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..141.3.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..134.3.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..137.3.2 Basic requirements (60.0%).138.3.2 Institutions...138.2.8 Infrastructure...123.2.6 Macroeconomic environment...115.4.0 Health and primary education...137.3.5 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).143.2.7 Higher education and training...141.2.2 Goods market efficiency...138.3.4 Labor market efficiency...141.3.1 Financial market development...141.2.5 Technological readiness...123.2.7 Market size...131.2.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).138.2.6 Business sophistication...142.2.9 Innovation...136.2.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...28.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...13.9 Corruption...8. 9 Foreign currency regulations...8. 2 Government instability/coups...6. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...3. 4 Policy instability...3. 3 Inflation...3. 2 Crime and theft...2. 8 Tax rates...2. 8 Tax regulations...1. 9 Poor public health...1. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 9 Mauritania Mauritania Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Mauritania Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 267 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*19.0.90 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...130 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 2...140 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.1.116 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 7...140 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 1...132 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 0...134 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*102.0.7 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...2. 8...142 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 5...135 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 4...136 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...101 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 3...117 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.5.43 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...126 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 5...140 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 0...144 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 3...131 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 5...123 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 37.132 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 9...138 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 2...129 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 0...136 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 0...125 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...134 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 1...135 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 9...138 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...86 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...104 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 4...135 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*6. 2...128 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 2...121 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 6...134 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 4...108 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 0...133 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...121 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*8. 2...133 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*69.6.28 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 8...127 11.02 Local supplier quality...2. 8...141 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 8...135 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 8...116 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...130 11.06 Control of international distribution...2. 8...143 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 6...134 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 9...138 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 4...141 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...131 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 7...124 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 7...109 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 0...141 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 8...126 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 9...139 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 5...139 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 2...141 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 5...115 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 2...115 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 3...141 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...125 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...128 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...100 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...98 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 4...138 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 1...140 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 6...142 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...116 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 7...57 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 9...64 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 0...121 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...2. 7...143 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...2. 6...142 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...2. 8...142 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 4...143 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 7...117 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 6...134 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 3...137 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 4...77 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 4...135 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 4...140 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*11.4.133 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 3...105 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*102.5.90 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 4...120 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 1...38 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*10.0.129 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 1...82 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*87.7.122 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*21.1.126 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*17,649. 5...60 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 0...54 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*350.0.131 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 4...141 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 7...133 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*64.8.133 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*61.4.121 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 5...129 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*69.6.135 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*26.8.139 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*5. 1...128 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 7...128 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 9...123 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 8...136 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 1...138 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...128 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 6...144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 1...131 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...126 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 8...139 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...120 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*68.2.135 Mauritania  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 268 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 3 GDP (US$ billions...11.9 GDP per capita (US$...9, 160 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.39.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..45.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..54.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..54.4.3 Basic requirements (39.6%).38.5.0 Institutions...35.4.6 Infrastructure...42.4.7 Macroeconomic environment...74.4.7 Health and primary education...42.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).59.4.2 Higher education and training...54.4.7 Goods market efficiency...25.4.9 Labor market efficiency...52.4.3 Financial market development...26.4.7 Technological readiness...63.4.0 Market size...113.2.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.4%).53.3.8 Business sophistication...33.4.5 Innovation...76.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...17.0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...15.8 Access to financing...13.1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 5 Corruption...7. 2 Inflation...4. 7 Tax rates...2. 7 Policy instability...2. 5 Tax regulations...1. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Mauritius Mauritius Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Mauritius Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 269 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 3...26 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...33 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...4 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 7...65 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 6...7 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 7...38 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*67.1.36 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 8...50 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...36 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 9...31 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...99 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...42 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.6.45 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...9 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 2...47 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 4...55 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 2...85 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...38 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 61.115 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 2...34 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 9...40 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 2...32 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 5...31 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 1...41 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 1...15 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 2...24 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 2...48 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...44 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...57 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*39.0.85 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.5.56 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*24.4.76 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*28.8.68 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...115 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...104 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*20.9.116 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*51.0.46 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 9...35 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...53 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...35 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 1...39 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 6...26 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 7...18 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 5...35 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...48 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 1...43 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...50 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...91 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 3...54 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...101 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 5...66 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 7...93 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...94 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 1...33 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 2...41 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 9...46 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 1...66 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 6...45 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 1...31 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...73 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 6...44 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...36 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 9...22 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...30 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...34 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 3...12 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...35 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 0...20 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 5...51 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 6...37 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...25 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...39 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 2...18 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 7...12 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 7...49 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 8...42 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...36 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 0...46 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*158.1.70 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 5...45 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*123.2.52 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*29.2.38 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 5...84 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.1.113 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...71 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*53.8.89 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*59.0.52 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*21.0.46 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 0...52 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 2...113 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 6...70 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*13.0.66 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*73.6.79 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 5...45 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.8.34 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.9.52 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*40.3.68 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 2...42 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 6...40 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...55 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 4...65 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...52 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...35 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...24 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 6...79 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 4...45 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 3...9 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*28.2.32 Mauritius  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 270 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...118.4 GDP (US$ billions...1, 258.5 GDP per capita (US$...10,630 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...2. 12 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.61.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..55.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..53.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..58.4.3 Basic requirements (35.9%).69.4.6 Institutions...102.3.4 Infrastructure...65.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...53.5.0 Health and primary education...71.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).60.4.2 Higher education and training...87.4.0 Goods market efficiency...86.4.2 Labor market efficiency...121.3.7 Financial market development...63.4.1 Technological readiness...79.3.6 Market size...10.5.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (14.1%).59.3.7 Business sophistication...58.4.1 Innovation...61.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...18.6 Tax regulations...14.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.3 Crime and theft...12.9 Access to financing...9. 8 Tax rates...8. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 1 Policy instability...1. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 6 Inflation...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Mexico Mexico Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Mexico Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 271 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...132 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...70 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 5...92 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...38 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...60 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 0...70 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.3.105 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...55 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...63 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 6...45 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...88 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...103 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*22.0.104 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...116 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...87 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 1...79 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 5...63 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...80 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 58.120 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...73 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...106 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 4...72 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...107 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...86 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 6...41 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...40 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 9...66 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 6...70 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...26 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*43.5.79 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*11.1.60 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*22.6.79 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*6. 3...104 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 5...10 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 0...14 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 842.6.10 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.8.90 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...55 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 7...46 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 1...45 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...76 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 2...41 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...76 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...54 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...61 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...68 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...72 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...58 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...71 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 0...44 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...76 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...78 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 8...58 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 0...78 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 5...82 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 5...119 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 2...114 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...99 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 2...98 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 7...99 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...99 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...118 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...99 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...88 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...75 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...98 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 7...135 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 7...140 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 8...128 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...102 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 0...50 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...81 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...62 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 2...69 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 4...52 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 8...64 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 3...62 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 6...63 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 963.4.21 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 6...80 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*85.8.111 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*16.8.69 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 9...89 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.4.66 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 8...76 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*46.5.80 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*69.0.36 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 8...16 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 5...3 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*23.0.50 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...42 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...64 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*13.9.71 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*77.1.40 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 8...118 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.3.53 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*85.7.85 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*29.0.81 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 8...123 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 7...128 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...70 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 7...93 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 3...60 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...74 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...64 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...114 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...104 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...110 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*53.7.122 Mexico  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 272 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 6 GDP (US$ billions...7. 9 GDP per capita (US$...2, 229 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.82.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..89.3.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..87.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..93.3.9 Basic requirements (55.4%).90.4.3 Institutions...121.3.2 Infrastructure...83.3.7 Macroeconomic environment...56.4.9 Health and primary education...93.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (38.4%).88.3.8 Higher education and training...84.4.1 Goods market efficiency...103.4.1 Labor market efficiency...82.4.1 Financial market development...100.3.7 Technological readiness...51.4.4 Market size...124.2.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (6. 1%).129.2.9 Business sophistication...124.3.4 Innovation...131.2.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...22.2 Policy instability...12.6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.7 Government instability/coups...9. 0 Tax regulations...7. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 1 Access to financing...6. 9 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 9 Tax rates...4. 5 Inflation...3. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 0 Crime and theft...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 6 Poor public health...0. 9 Moldova Moldova Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Moldova Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 273 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*7. 0...36 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 9...133 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...89 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 2...60 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 7...117 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 9...108 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 7...89 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*81.7.21 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...100 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...103 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...86 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...30 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...93 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*22.6.106 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...123 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...35 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 6...111 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...1. 9...140 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 8...139 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 91.27 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...109 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...103 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 5...114 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...104 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...116 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 8...124 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...117 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...96 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...109 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...97 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*48.8.70 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.4.52 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*115.8.23 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*47.2.42 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 4...127 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...122 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*13.3.127 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*42.8.61 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 9...123 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...113 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 4...144 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...131 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 4...105 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...108 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 1...122 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 8...99 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...100 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 0...128 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 7...121 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...135 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 7...124 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 7...127 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 1...128 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 8...73 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 2...126 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 8...118 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 4...123 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 2...116 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 0...116 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 0...141 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...130 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...102 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...110 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 7...127 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 3...134 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...69 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 1...19 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 9...46 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...83 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 1...116 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...117 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...100 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...95 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...117 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 8...86 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 1...140 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 8...61 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 2...136 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 7...102 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*21.3.122 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 4...82 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*106.0.83 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*35.0.32 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 8...46 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*19.6.70 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 6...89 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*24.4.25 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*28.8.111 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*160.0.108 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 1...89 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 9...53 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*15.1.76 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*68.7.100 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...76 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*87.9.106 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*88.2.75 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*40.1.69 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...103 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 0...80 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 2...125 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 9...49 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 3...119 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 4...120 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...99 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...125 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 2...133 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...108 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.4.79 Moldova  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 274 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 9 GDP (US$ billions...11.5 GDP per capita (US$...3, 972 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.98.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..107.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..93.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..96.3.9 Basic requirements (49.3%).105.4.0 Institutions...98.3.4 Infrastructure...112.2.9 Macroeconomic environment...125.3.8 Health and primary education...65.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (43.0%).92.3.8 Higher education and training...68.4.4 Goods market efficiency...81.4.2 Labor market efficiency...42.4.5 Financial market development...124.3.2 Technological readiness...81.3.5 Market size...120.2.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (7. 7%).112.3.2 Business sophistication...115.3.5 Innovation...106.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.8 Foreign currency regulations...11.8 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 6 Inflation...9. 3 Policy instability...9. 1 Access to financing...8. 8 Corruption...8. 5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 6 Tax rates...6. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 6 Government instability/coups...4. 5 Tax regulations...4. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 2 Crime and theft...0. 0 Mongolia Mongolia Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Mongolia Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 275 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*11.0.57 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 5...98 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...76 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 6...65 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 7...63 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...91 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 3...115 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*74.1.30 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 2...94 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...106 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...92 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...17 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...71 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...68 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 8...14 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 7...105 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 8...111 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...114 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.62 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...111 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 5...119 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 5...116 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 5...143 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 6...141 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 3...99 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 7...128 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 7...76 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...66 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...62 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*17.7.107 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 9...80 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*59.7.45 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*18.2.82 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...120 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...111 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*17.1.122 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*44.8.56 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 8...130 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...123 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 8...134 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 6...64 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...121 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 1...136 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 4...101 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 2...68 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...116 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...104 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 1...107 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...80 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 0...114 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...93 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...73 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 3...87 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 6...100 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...125 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...103 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 1...119 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 7...82 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 9...108 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...125 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 3...123 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...114 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 2...109 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 5...122 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...87 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...32 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...55 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...72 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...94 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...91 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 6...130 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...129 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...111 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 1...119 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 6...130 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 6...69 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...1. 7...143 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 1...125 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*28.1.114 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 6...100 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*124.2.50 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*6. 2...102 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†10.1.139 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*27.1.33 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 6...134 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.0.105 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*36.1.89 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*223.0.121 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 4...80 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 8...57 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*23.0.94 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*67.3.105 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 0...67 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.3.40 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*103.5.22 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*61.1.40 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...116 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 5...46 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 9...132 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 6...62 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 8...137 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...73 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...82 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 6...141 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 5...112 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...70 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*24.6.21 Mongolia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 276 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 6 GDP (US$ billions...4. 4 GDP per capita (US$...7, 026 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.67.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..67.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..72.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..60.4.3 Basic requirements (40.0%).61.4.7 Institutions...59.4.0 Infrastructure...72.4.1 Macroeconomic environment...88.4.5 Health and primary education...29.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).73.4.0 Higher education and training...51.4.7 Goods market efficiency...69.4.3 Labor market efficiency...65.4.2 Financial market development...56.4.3 Technological readiness...54.4.3 Market size...134.2.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).77.3.5 Business sophistication...97.3.7 Innovation...58.3.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...17.8 Corruption...12.1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...11.6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...7. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 1 Tax rates...6. 2 Crime and theft...5. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 2 Tax regulations...3. 7 Inflation...1. 2 Policy instability...1. 2 Poor public health...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Montenegro Montenegro Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Montenegro Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 277 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*10.0.52 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...27 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...78 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 9...44 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...75 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...74 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 1...65 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*66.8.37 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...79 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...113 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...106 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...75 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 0...62 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*11.2.48 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...65 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...74 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...101 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 3...81 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 9...97 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 79.77 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...94 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...78 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 3...79 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...49 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 9...50 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...109 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...78 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 8...71 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...88 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 5...82 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*56.8.58 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.8.55 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*76.5.34 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*23.1.76 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 9...134 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 0...133 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*7. 4...134 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*43.6.58 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...112 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...91 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...122 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...88 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...83 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...89 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 4...103 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...80 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...75 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 6...84 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...60 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...61 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 9...47 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 6...57 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...69 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*3. 2...51 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 1...71 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...73 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 7...52 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 5...44 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 0...64 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 4...90 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 5...46 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 4...55 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...58 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...69 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...81 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 4...46 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...40 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 7...59 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...80 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 3...59 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...76 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 1...103 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...109 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 9...84 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 7...91 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 3...98 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 9...56 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...70 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 2...74 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*22.4.121 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 3...85 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*159.9.12 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*27.2.41 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 4...60 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*1. 0...138 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*56.8.94 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*38.7.82 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*18.0.41 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...63 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 9...55 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*5. 5...36 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.6.61 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 9...29 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.4.26 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*90.9.68 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*55.5.48 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 3...41 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 9...25 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 8...38 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 2...73 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 6...103 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...87 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 9...135 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...92 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...101 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...43 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*20.9.13 Montenegro  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 278 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...32.9 GDP (US$ billions...105.1 GDP per capita (US$...3, 199 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 21 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.72.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..77.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..70.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..73.4.2 Basic requirements (40.0%).57.4.7 Institutions...49.4.2 Infrastructure...55.4.4 Macroeconomic environment...66.4.7 Health and primary education...76.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).78.3.9 Higher education and training...104.3.6 Goods market efficiency...58.4.4 Labor market efficiency...111.3.8 Financial market development...69.4.0 Technological readiness...78.3.6 Market size...56.4.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).82.3.5 Business sophistication...78.3.9 Innovation...90.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...16.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.9 Inadequately educated workforce...11.3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.2 Restrictive labor regulations...10.2 Corruption...10.0 Tax rates...8. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 3 Tax regulations...4. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Foreign currency regulations...3. 1 Policy instability...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 8 Inflation...0. 5 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Morocco Morocco Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Morocco Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 279 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*11.0.57 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 5...15 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...25 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.7.122 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...40 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 5...10 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 3...57 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*49.1.69 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...82 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 1...100 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...83 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...37 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 7...86 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.7.97 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...42 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...65 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...64 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 8...45 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...40 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 34.137 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 6...59 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...63 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 8...49 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 1...46 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 9...49 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 6...42 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...49 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 1...57 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 5...75 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...45 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*56.0.59 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 5...94 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*22.3.80 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.0.90 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...53 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 7...65 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*179.2.58 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.3.86 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...43 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...70 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...71 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...98 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...60 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...75 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 4...105 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 8...103 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...84 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...118 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 5...85 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...112 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...96 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...78 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...34 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 5...78 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 9...41 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...64 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 8...47 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 3...53 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 3...53 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...81 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 5...44 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 6...41 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...53 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...73 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...73 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 3...47 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...67 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 3...28 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 7...33 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 9...41 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 2...52 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 0...49 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 8...52 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...59 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...55 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 5...51 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 9...34 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 9...43 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...51 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*451.3.46 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...48 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*128.5.45 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 9...94 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 4...113 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*27.2.32 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*61.9.101 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*52.6.67 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*103.0.94 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...69 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...61 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*26.8.99 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.6.92 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 1...105 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.5.39 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*68.9.105 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*16.2.100 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 2...102 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 2...68 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 5...54 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 3...112 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 1...72 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...106 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...48 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 0...47 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...64 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...53 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*49.6.113 Morocco  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 280 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...25.9 GDP (US$ billions...15.3 GDP per capita (US$...593 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.133.3.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..137.3.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..138.3.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..133.3.3 Basic requirements (60.0%).133.3.3 Institutions...127.3.2 Infrastructure...128.2.4 Macroeconomic environment...110.4.1 Health and primary education...135.3.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).131.3.2 Higher education and training...138.2.4 Goods market efficiency...116.4.0 Labor market efficiency...104.3.9 Financial market development...126.3.1 Technological readiness...122.2.7 Market size...101.3.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).120.3.1 Business sophistication...125.3.3 Innovation...118.2.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...19.0 Corruption...15.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...12.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.3 Inadequately educated workforce...10.0 Crime and theft...6. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 5 Policy instability...4. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Tax rates...3. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 2 Inflation...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 8 Tax regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Mozambique Mozambique Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Mozambique Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 281 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*13.0.67 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 2...119 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...56 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*7. 7...89 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 8...56 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...39 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...104 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*75.4.28 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 7...122 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 7...129 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 6...131 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 9...128 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...102 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*37.5.135 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...78 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 9...133 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...120 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...73 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...58 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*1. 04.2 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...118 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...117 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 4...119 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 9...127 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 1...120 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 6...84 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 2...116 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...102 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...99 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...75 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*5. 4...130 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...133 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 9...132 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 8...120 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 9...98 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...103 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*28.2.102 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.4.71 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...111 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 4...131 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...85 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 7...126 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 0...131 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 3...129 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 1...123 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 7...106 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 2...119 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...114 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 9...115 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...113 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...89 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...86 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 0...132 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 4...117 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...122 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 3...125 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...99 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 1...114 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...123 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...115 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 7...95 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...65 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...103 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...112 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...112 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...113 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 4...117 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 5...130 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 9...125 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 3...130 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...110 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...99 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...114 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 0...124 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 1...141 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 1...84 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...94 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 3...119 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*35.8.109 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 1...108 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*48.0.136 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 3...137 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 6...101 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*6. 8...132 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 2...83 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*43.3.73 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*31.5.106 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*27,774. 0...72 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 6...63 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*552.0.138 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 1...126 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*11.1.136 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 6...134 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*63.1.132 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*49.8.140 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 2...139 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*86.2.113 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*25.9.142 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*4. 9...129 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 8...124 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 6...133 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 9...134 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 8...123 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 4...112 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 4...121 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...96 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...105 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...121 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...84 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*37.5.71 Mozambique  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 282 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...64.9 GDP (US$ billions...56.4 GDP per capita (US$...869 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 13 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.134.3.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..139.3.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144...n/a n/a GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (60.0%).132.3.4 Institutions...136.2.8 Infrastructure...137.2.0 Macroeconomic environment...116.4.0 Health and primary education...117.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).134.3.1 Higher education and training...135.2.4 Goods market efficiency...130.3.7 Labor market efficiency...72.4.2 Financial market development...139.2.6 Technological readiness...144.2.1 Market size...70.3.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).139.2.6 Business sophistication...140.2.9 Innovation...138.2.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...18.0 Corruption...13.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 7 Policy instability...8. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 1 Foreign currency regulations...6. 2 Tax regulations...4. 8 Inflation...4. 0 Government instability/coups...3. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 8 Tax rates...3. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 1 Crime and theft...1. 6 Poor public health...0. 6 Myanmar Myanmar Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Myanmar Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 283 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*11.128 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*72.0.136 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...46 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...114 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 9...49 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 1...135 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 6...123 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 2...125 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*18.0.140 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 3...90 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 7...127 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 8...115 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...36 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...51 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.2.94 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...56 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...79 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...2. 9...137 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...1. 7...144 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...113 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.19 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 8...139 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 0...136 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 9...137 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 4...144 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 6...143 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 5...131 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 2...135 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...2. 7...144 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...2. 9...144 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 5...132 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*1. 2...143 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 2...122 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*26.2.73 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 0...124 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...65 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...87 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*113.0.65 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*17.5.133 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 2...142 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 0...139 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 7...139 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 4...138 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...122 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 0...139 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 5...136 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 0...133 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 1...126 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...137 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 3...136 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 2...140 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 2...138 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 5...139 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 0...131 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 7...136 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...123 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 4...122 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...72 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 3...139 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 6...117 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...127 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...78 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...112 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 7...125 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 4...128 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 9...136 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 9...136 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 1...125 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 1...136 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 9...126 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 2...133 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...2. 6...140 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...114 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 8...137 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*2. 3...140 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 3...138 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 4...134 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 8...94 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...125 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 5...137 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*91.6.86 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 8...117 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.8.144 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*1. 0...125 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 9...108 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.7.76 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...105 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*42.7.71 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*10.7.142 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*2, 651.6.49 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 5...43 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*377.0.132 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 8...134 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 6...92 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 3...117 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*41.1.113 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*64.9.112 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 2...137 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*86.4.111 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*50.2.122 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*13.8.103 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 7...129 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 7...129 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 6...139 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 1...137 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 9...135 5. 08 Extent of staff training...2. 9...138 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...100 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 4...142 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...129 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...55 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*48.9.109 Myanmar  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 284 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 2 GDP (US$ billions...12.3 GDP per capita (US$...5, 667 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.88.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..90.3.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..92.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..83.4.0 Basic requirements (40.0%).81.4.4 Institutions...50.4.2 Infrastructure...66.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...78.4.6 Health and primary education...115.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).97.3.7 Higher education and training...115.3.2 Goods market efficiency...96.4.1 Labor market efficiency...55.4.3 Financial market development...46.4.4 Technological readiness...89.3.4 Market size...119.2.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).91.3.4 Business sophistication...94.3.7 Innovation...91.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce...16.0 Access to financing...14.5 Restrictive labor regulations...11.5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...10.9 Corruption...10.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 8 Tax rates...5. 5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 6 Crime and theft...4. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 1 Tax regulations...2. 3 Inflation...2. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 1 Poor public health...1. 1 Policy instability...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Namibia Namibia Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Namibia Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 285 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*66.0.134 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...55 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...64 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 1...78 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...36 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...97 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 1...64 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*68.1.34 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 5...134 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...81 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...101 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...91 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 9...128 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*9. 7...35 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...39 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...107 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...69 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...72 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...71 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.46 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 7...54 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 4...49 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 7...54 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...68 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...88 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...36 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...37 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 1...54 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 9...54 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...58 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*13.9.118 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 3...102 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 4...128 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*34.2.61 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 5...117 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...120 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*17.8.121 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.8.83 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 7...132 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...82 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...68 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 5...66 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 2...117 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 6...111 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...83 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 9...96 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...78 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...79 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 5...84 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...69 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...79 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...82 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 0...130 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 7...59 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 1...35 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 3...40 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...73 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...59 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 1...61 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 7...39 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 9...84 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 2...70 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...72 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 5...29 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 9...36 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...78 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...39 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 0...94 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...76 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 9...84 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 2...53 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 4...34 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...67 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 8...30 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 0...42 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 2...28 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 3...47 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 2...30 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 6...62 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*29.3.111 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...52 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*110.2.74 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*8. 0...100 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 7...103 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.1.68 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 2...109 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*26.6.28 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*54.1.62 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*23.0.22 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 6...42 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*655.0.141 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 9...133 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*13.3.138 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 4...137 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*28.3.100 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*63.9.114 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 1...107 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*87.7.107 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*64.8.111 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*9. 3...117 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 1...107 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 9...126 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 4...118 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 5...106 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 6...102 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...57 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 6...104 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...90 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...59 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...39 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*21.8.15 Namibia  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 286 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...27.9 GDP (US$ billions...19.3 GDP per capita (US$...693 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.102.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..117.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..125.3.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..125.3.5 Basic requirements (60.0%).100.4.1 Institutions...120.3.2 Infrastructure...132.2.1 Macroeconomic environment...37.5.4 Health and primary education...75.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).115.3.4 Higher education and training...113.3.2 Goods market efficiency...121.3.9 Labor market efficiency...114.3.8 Financial market development...75.3.9 Technological readiness...128.2.6 Market size...98.3.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).124.3.0 Business sophistication...126.3.3 Innovation...126.2.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Government instability/coups...16.9 Corruption...16.6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...12.2 Policy instability...11.1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 2 Access to financing...5. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 4 Tax regulations...2. 4 Crime and theft...2. 1 Foreign currency regulations...2. 0 Inflation...2. 0 Tax rates...1. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 4 Poor public health...0. 2 Nepal Nepal Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Nepal Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 287 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*17.0.83 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...96 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...84 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*17.7.141 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 3...127 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 7...116 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 2...124 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.6.95 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 8...120 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...95 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 2...141 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 4...115 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 2...119 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.2.118 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...85 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 1...128 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...118 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 7...116 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...131 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.17 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 2...84 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...74 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 8...47 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 3...116 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...105 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...103 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 4...109 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 0...115 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 9...123 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 7...126 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*13.3.119 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 8...110 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 4...137 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.0.92 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...90 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...127 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*42.1.93 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*9. 4...142 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...109 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 6...124 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...102 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...113 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 2...118 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 3...132 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 1...119 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 4...121 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 9...135 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...123 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...131 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...116 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 6...127 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 8...125 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...109 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...118 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 3...119 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...111 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...92 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 1...122 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...119 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 3...92 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...91 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...111 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 0...106 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...120 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...101 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 5...117 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 1...119 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 4...119 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 5...129 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...87 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 3...128 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...121 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 0...115 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 3...126 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 9...126 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 9...115 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 2...137 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 9...129 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*109.1.80 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 8...136 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*71.5.120 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 1...114 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*2. 0...11 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*35.1.15 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 9...136 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.0.38 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*23.8.123 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*61.9.32 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 2...29 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*163.0.109 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 7...100 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 7...100 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*33.6.106 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*68.0.102 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 6...89 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.5.19 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*66.6.109 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*14.5.102 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...75 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 8...87 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...94 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 5...102 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...131 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 3...125 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...94 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...132 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...84 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...101 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*31.5.43 Nepal  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 288 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...16.8 GDP (US$ billions...800.0 GDP per capita (US$...47,634 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 81 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.8.5.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..8...5. 4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..5...5. 5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..7...5. 4 Basic requirements (20.0%).10.6.0 Institutions...10.5.5 Infrastructure...4...6. 3 Macroeconomic environment...39.5.4 Health and primary education...5...6. 6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).8...5. 3 Higher education and training...3...6. 0 Goods market efficiency...9...5. 3 Labor market efficiency...21.4.7 Financial market development...37.4.5 Technological readiness...9...6. 0 Market size...23.5.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).6...5. 4 Business sophistication...5...5. 6 Innovation...8...5. 3 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...19.2 Access to financing...18.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.6 Tax rates...12.9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...9. 8 Tax regulations...8. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 3 Policy instability...5. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 5 Inflation...1. 1 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Crime and theft...0. 2 Corruption...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 0 Netherlands Netherlands Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Netherlands Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 289 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*4. 0...9 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 8...8 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 8...20 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...18 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 4...14 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 6...6 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*88.9.12 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 3...23 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...17 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 5...7 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 5...135 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 1...123 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...62 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 7...94 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...6. 1...4 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 8...13 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 8...15 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 88.37 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 9...11 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...17 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 3...27 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 1...48 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 5...22 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 7...80 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 2...25 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 3...9 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...21 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...37 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*94.0.5 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*40.1.3 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*235.0.10 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*62.3.27 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 7...26 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 1...10 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*700.5.23 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*100.7.6 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 3...16 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 7...6 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 3...7 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...11 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 2...8 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 7...16 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 1...5 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 9...4 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 7...3 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 2...11 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 9...6 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 7...17 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 4...9 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...28 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 6...30 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*192.6.9 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 8...14 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 7...11 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 7...11 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 3...9 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 0...14 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 1...10 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 1...6 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 3...18 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...30 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 5...9 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 2...5 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 2...14 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...51 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...31 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 0...19 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 0...16 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 9...10 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 9...12 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 7...7 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 4...12 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 3...6 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 1...5 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 6...9 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 8...1 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 4...4 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 806.0.23 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 6...9 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*113.7.68 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*42.5.19 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 1...78 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*26.6.35 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*74.9.117 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*89.3.11 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 3...14 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...9 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 6...10 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 4...19 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.1.18 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 7...8 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.4.21 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*129.9.3 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*77.3.17 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 3...8 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 4...8 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 7...9 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 4...5 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...6. 1...2 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 0...12 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 9...14 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 3...7 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 5...2 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 6...17 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*39.3.75 Netherlands  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 290 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...4. 5 GDP (US$ billions...181.3 GDP per capita (US$...40,481 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 16 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.17.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..18.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..23.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..25.4.9 Basic requirements (20.0%).9...6. 0 Institutions...1...6. 1 Infrastructure...29.5.3 Macroeconomic environment...25.5.8 Health and primary education...4...6. 7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).11.5.3 Higher education and training...9...5. 7 Goods market efficiency...6...5. 4 Labor market efficiency...6...5. 2 Financial market development...3...5. 7 Technological readiness...23.5.6 Market size...62.3.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).25.4.6 Business sophistication...24.4.8 Innovation...23.4.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...18.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...12.4 Access to financing...10.8 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 8 Tax rates...7. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 5 Policy instability...6. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Tax regulations...4. 1 Inflation...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...0. 2 Corruption...0. 0 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 New zealand New zealand Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 New zealand Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 291 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*1...1 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*0. 5...1 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...6. 1...1 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 5...4 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*1. 5...35 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 7...9 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...56 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 9...5 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.6.121 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 7...5 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 5...13 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 5...8 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 8...14 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...58 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 0...12 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 6...21 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...6. 5...1 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 7...52 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 6...19 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.42 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 7...14 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 7...9 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 3...4 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 0...11 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 9...12 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 7...2 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 9...6 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 1...21 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 8...11 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...22 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*82.8.19 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*29.2.17 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*45.6.57 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*81.3.14 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...60 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...72 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*136.6.60 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.0.103 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...74 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...15 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...53 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 1...36 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...57 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 3...45 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 2...26 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 2...23 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 5...6 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 1...15 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 3...19 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 8...29 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 9...17 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...71 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...40 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*73.9.22 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 0...10 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 0...6 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 6...1 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 7...6 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 7...1 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 7...1 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 5...2 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...5. 1...5 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 1...17 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 9...4 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 5...2 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 8...2 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...25 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 7...16 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 5...7 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 5...2 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 5...1 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 4...3 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...6. 1...1 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...6. 1...4 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*9. 7...1 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 1...32 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...35 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 7...39 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 8...11 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 9...14 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*694.7.33 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...29 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*105.8.84 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*41.1.22 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 6...31 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.1.88 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.9.54 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*83.8.16 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 6...24 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...8 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 8...6 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 7...33 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.2.17 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 9...6 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.4.22 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*119.5.5 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*79.8.12 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 3...7 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 3...12 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 2...22 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...19 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 9...26 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 9...17 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...26 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 5...25 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 4...5 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 9...13 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*34.6.55 New zealand  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 292 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 1 GDP (US$ billions...11.3 GDP per capita (US$...1, 840 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.99.3.8 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..99.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..108.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..115.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).96.4.1 Institutions...114.3.3 Infrastructure...99.3.2 Macroeconomic environment...67.4.7 Health and primary education...95.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).118.3.4 Higher education and training...114.3.2 Goods market efficiency...125.3.8 Labor market efficiency...108.3.8 Financial market development...106.3.6 Technological readiness...113.2.8 Market size...102.3.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).125.3.0 Business sophistication...129.3.3 Innovation...123.2.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...17.2 Inadequately educated workforce...16.4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.5 Corruption...10.7 Access to financing...9. 4 Tax regulations...8. 6 Tax rates...8. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...7. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 1 Poor public health...2. 3 Policy instability...2. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 2 Inflation...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Nicaragua Nicaragua Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Nicaragua Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 293 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*36.0.122 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...63 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 8...128 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 1...53 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...90 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...92 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 1...130 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*57.3.47 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 5...131 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...109 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...67 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...90 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...48 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*14.9.69 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...107 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...67 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 4...123 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...89 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 1...91 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 60.118 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...116 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 8...96 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...92 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...67 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...65 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...72 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...69 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 9...120 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 8...124 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 0...109 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*15.5.113 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 2...95 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*32.6.68 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 3...121 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 8...99 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...114 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*27.9.104 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*26.6.108 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 6...135 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 6...125 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...110 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 5...136 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...129 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...121 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 1...121 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...115 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...101 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...119 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 7...123 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...115 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 0...116 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...120 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 1...125 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...101 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 1...128 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...101 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...111 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...110 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...103 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...131 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...105 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...80 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 3...86 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...102 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 6...118 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...101 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...79 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...66 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 0...60 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...98 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...118 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...97 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...111 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...108 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 0...113 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 3...114 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 6...88 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 2...109 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 7...103 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*17.5.126 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 9...93 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*112.0.71 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*5. 3...104 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 5...30 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.1.89 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 4...121 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*42.4.70 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*20.7.128 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*38.4.29 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 7...18 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*38.0.64 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...56 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 5...72 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*20.6.92 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.5.66 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 6...125 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.8.91 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*68.9.104 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*19.0.94 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 7...130 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 7...130 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 7...106 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 0...121 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 3...123 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 8...88 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 2...130 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 2...119 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 6...108 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...95 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*64.9.133 Nicaragua  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 294 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...169.3 GDP (US$ billions...286.5 GDP per capita (US$...1, 692 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 55 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.127.3.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..120.3.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..115.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..127.3.4 Basic requirements (60.0%).140.3.2 Institutions...129.3.0 Infrastructure...134.2.1 Macroeconomic environment...76.4.6 Health and primary education...143.3.0 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).82.3.9 Higher education and training...124.2.9 Goods market efficiency...87.4.2 Labor market efficiency...40.4.5 Financial market development...67.4.1 Technological readiness...104.3.0 Market size...33.4.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).103.3.3 Business sophistication...87.3.8 Innovation...114.2.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...26.1 Corruption...19.6 Access to financing...17.7 Policy instability...7. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Crime and theft...2. 6 Tax regulations...2. 2 Tax rates...2. 1 Inflation...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 2 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 3 Nigeria Nigeria Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Nigeria Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 295 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*28.0.109 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...30 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...42 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.4.119 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...49 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...45 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 0...132 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.0.125 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 9...113 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...88 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 4...61 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...35 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 2...7 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*16.2.79 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...21 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 2...51 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...52 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...92 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...47 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 76.85 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...87 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 5...122 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 8...46 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 6...137 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...131 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...78 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 2...65 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 4...94 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...91 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 5...77 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*38.0.87 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...140 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*0. 8...141 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*10.1.96 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 5...31 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...37 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*479.3.30 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*35.6.77 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...46 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...99 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...72 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 8...117 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...92 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...98 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 3...106 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...77 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...90 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...73 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 8...120 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...106 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 8...123 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...109 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 8...89 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...117 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 4...116 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...126 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 8...142 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 8...134 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 5...135 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 1...102 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...126 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 2...134 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...99 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...98 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...105 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 2...126 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 8...137 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 9...130 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 7...124 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 6...136 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 3...132 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...88 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...80 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 8...90 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 7...133 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 7...125 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 5...100 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 2...110 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 2...121 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*302.6.52 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 6...141 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*73.3.116 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 2...142 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 9...106 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*29.3.26 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 5...127 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*19.4.18 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*39.7.80 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*28,430. 3...73 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 6...62 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*108.0.95 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 0...92 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*3. 1...128 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 5...108 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*77.8.140 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*52.1.136 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 6...124 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*63.9.138 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*43.8.127 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*10.4.112 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...122 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 6...132 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...101 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 4...111 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 7...95 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...48 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...50 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...63 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 6...110 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...40 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*33.8.53 Nigeria  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 296 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...5. 1 GDP (US$ billions...511.3 GDP per capita (US$...100,318 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 32 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.11.5.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..11.5.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..15.5.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..16.5.2 Basic requirements (20.0%).6...6. 1 Institutions...5...5. 7 Infrastructure...32.5.2 Macroeconomic environment...1...6. 8 Health and primary education...15.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).13.5.2 Higher education and training...8...5. 7 Goods market efficiency...24.4.9 Labor market efficiency...13.5.0 Financial market development...10.5.3 Technological readiness...4...6. 1 Market size...50.4.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).16.5.1 Business sophistication...13.5.3 Innovation...15.4.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...18.8 Tax rates...14.9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...12.1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.5 Tax regulations...11.5 Access to financing...8. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 5 Policy instability...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4 Inflation...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 4 Corruption...0. 2 Crime and theft...0. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Norway Norway Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Norway Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 297 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*7. 0...36 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...81 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...45 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 9...51 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 3...31 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...38 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...15 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*26.0.128 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 4...19 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...19 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 8...4 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 7...133 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 8...132 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...29 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 7...92 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...6. 2...2 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 6...5 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 8...14 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 94.15 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 0...9 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 9...5 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 0...9 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 3...7 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 3...6 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 4...8 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 7...9 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 5...3 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 1...4 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...66 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*95.1.2 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*36.4.6 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*195.9.13 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*85.7.13 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...49 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...47 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*280.0.47 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*37.3.72 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...76 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...12 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 1...14 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 3...18 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 6...25 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...27 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 1...6 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 6...10 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...6. 0...2 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 0...16 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 2...21 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 5...21 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 0...15 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...14 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 5...35 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*138.7.12 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 0...8 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 6...15 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 9...8 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 9...4 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 3...7 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 3...4 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 1...8 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 6...13 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 8...38 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 6...7 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 8...10 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 3...12 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...64 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 6...20 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 1...17 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 1...13 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 2...6 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 3...4 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...6. 0...2 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 9...6 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 3...28 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 9...74 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 9...36 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 7...13 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 1...6 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*622.4.36 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 7...4 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*116.5.60 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*26.2.44 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*11.1.4 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*37.4.14 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.5.35 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*94.8.1 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 5...22 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 9...2 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 8...4 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 2...4 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.5.13 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 0...23 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.4.11 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*111.1.10 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*74.1.21 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 0...14 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 5...41 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 3...19 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 5...3 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 5...11 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 2...8 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...49 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 8...17 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 2...13 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 0...41 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.7.82 Norway  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 298 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 2 GDP (US$ billions...80.6 GDP per capita (US$...25,289 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 11 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.46.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..33.4.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..32.4.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..32.4.6 Basic requirements (22.2%).19.5.7 Institutions...24.5.1 Infrastructure...33.5.0 Macroeconomic environment...6...6. 6 Health and primary education...54.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).49.4.3 Higher education and training...79.4.2 Goods market efficiency...28.4.8 Labor market efficiency...48.4.4 Financial market development...28.4.7 Technological readiness...57.4.2 Market size...73.3.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (27.8%).58.3.8 Business sophistication...56.4.2 Innovation...64.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...30.2 Inadequately educated workforce...20.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...13.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 8 Corruption...3. 9 Access to financing...3. 8 Policy instability...2. 3 Inflation...1. 2 Tax rates...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 3 Tax regulations...0. 2 Foreign currency regulations...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Oman Oman Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Oman Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 299 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 5...13 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...27 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 1...54 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...79 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 9...29 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 8...32 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*47.7.71 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 9...48 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...59 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 0...25 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 6...27 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...91 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 8...6 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...70 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 9...31 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 5...21 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 4...22 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 36.135 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...47 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 2...27 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 5...20 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 1...9 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 5...21 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 9...22 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...14 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 1...56 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 8...58 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...52 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*66.5.44 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 6...92 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*34.0.67 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*67.3.21 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...78 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 7...64 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*95.0.71 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*70.3.26 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...84 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 5...59 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...54 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...59 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...63 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...21 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 3...46 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...88 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 2...37 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 4...103 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...92 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...87 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...69 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...12 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 7...92 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 0...71 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 2...30 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 9...29 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 8...24 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 8...14 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 4...29 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 1...29 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 2...20 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...5. 1...6 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 2...14 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 8...27 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 9...37 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...31 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 3...11 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 1...5 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 7...3 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 6...27 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 0...25 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...29 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...37 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 2...17 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 4...25 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 0...8 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 2...33 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 1...42 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*207.0.63 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 3...20 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*154.6.18 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*9. 7...88 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*5. 8...8 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*37.7.13 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*7. 0...4 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*71.4.33 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 0...12 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*13.0.32 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 8...64 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...65 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*10.0.57 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.6.45 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...73 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.3.52 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*93.5.60 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*28.1.83 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 5...81 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 6...95 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...113 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 6...60 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...94 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...49 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 0...73 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 6...80 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...49 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 7...5 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*22.0.16 Oman  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 300 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...182.6 GDP (US$ billions...238.7 GDP per capita (US$...1, 308 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 66 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.129.3.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..133.3.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..124.3.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..118.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).134.3.3 Institutions...123.3.2 Infrastructure...119.2.7 Macroeconomic environment...137.3.2 Health and primary education...129.4.0 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).101.3.6 Higher education and training...127.2.8 Goods market efficiency...100.4.1 Labor market efficiency...132.3.4 Financial market development...72.4.0 Technological readiness...114.2.8 Market size...30.4.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).83.3.5 Business sophistication...81.3.9 Innovation...88.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...14.3 Corruption...13.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.2 Policy instability...8. 5 Access to financing...7. 6 Government instability/coups...7. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 3 Crime and theft...5. 6 Tax rates...4. 7 Inflation...3. 7 Tax regulations...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 3 Foreign currency regulations...2. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 8 Poor public health...0. 9 Pakistan Pakistan Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Pakistan Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 301 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*21.0.96 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...109 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...65 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*16.9.140 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 8...114 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...75 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 7...87 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*21.6.134 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 2...98 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...80 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...107 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...103 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...49 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.2.118 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...82 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...86 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 9...87 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 2...87 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...110 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 30.140 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 2...82 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...84 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...61 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 6...90 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...92 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...71 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 5...51 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...85 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...83 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 3...90 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*10.9.122 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 6...113 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*6. 5...110 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 5...127 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...25 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 7...63 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*575.0.26 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*11.9.141 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...66 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...94 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...58 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...93 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...64 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...88 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...87 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...74 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...115 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...51 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...94 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...93 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...98 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...98 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...49 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...114 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 3...121 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...117 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...94 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...108 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...123 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 8...67 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...101 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...103 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...103 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 3...101 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...89 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 4...118 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 7...139 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 8...132 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 0...137 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 8...127 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...111 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...90 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 0...119 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 0...79 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 3...113 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 8...75 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 5...72 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 4...59 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 9...92 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*415.7.48 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 1...133 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*70.1.124 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 5...111 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 8...134 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*13.2.120 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 4...120 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.1.106 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*25.2.121 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 953.6.47 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 2...50 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*231.0.123 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...108 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 8...97 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*69.3.137 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*66.4.109 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 8...119 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*72.5.132 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*36.6.131 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*9. 5...115 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 4...92 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 4...104 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...67 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 8...89 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 6...101 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 4...122 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...84 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...71 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...85 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...64 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*34.7.56 Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 302 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 7 GDP (US$ billions...40.3 GDP per capita (US$...10,839 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.48.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..40.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..40.4.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..49.4.4 Basic requirements (35.4%).53.4.8 Institutions...71.3.8 Infrastructure...40.4.8 Macroeconomic environment...52.5.1 Health and primary education...79.5.6 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).55.4.3 Higher education and training...66.4.4 Goods market efficiency...41.4.6 Labor market efficiency...87.4.1 Financial market development...22.4.8 Technological readiness...53.4.3 Market size...80.3.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (14.6%).46.3.9 Business sophistication...54.4.2 Innovation...40.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...16.8 Inadequately educated workforce...15.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.3 Restrictive labor regulations...10.5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 9 Access to financing...6. 6 Crime and theft...6. 2 Inflation...5. 2 Tax regulations...4. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 0 Tax rates...3. 0 Policy instability...1. 8 Poor public health...1. 7 Foreign currency regulations...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Panama Panama Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Panama Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 303 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...92 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...46 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 9...67 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 5...19 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 4...13 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 4...50 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*64.3.40 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 2...93 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...39 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...51 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...106 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 7...85 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*18.1.87 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...35 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...101 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...100 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 6...19 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 9...13 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 62.113 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 7...16 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...18 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 2...33 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 0...13 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 6...16 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 2...12 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...29 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 6...36 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 3...35 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 7...4 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*42.9.81 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 7...71 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*54.3.49 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.2.73 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...83 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...73 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*62.0.81 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*61.6.33 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...88 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 5...61 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...52 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 4...31 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 3...34 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 2...53 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 2...52 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...44 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...74 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 2...42 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 1...46 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 7...34 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 0...41 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 3...11 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...84 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 4...62 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 5...49 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 4...38 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...93 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...102 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...79 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 7...116 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...89 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...58 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...24 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 6...74 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...69 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 2...53 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...73 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 9...95 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 5...87 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 5...52 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...70 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 1...44 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...71 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...54 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 0...39 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 7...44 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 9...35 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 3...7 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 1...7 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*384.2.50 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 9...68 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*163.0.10 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*15.2.74 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 0...75 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.1.83 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 0...81 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.3.67 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*61.9.46 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*26.3.24 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 0...9 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*48.0.70 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...59 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 7...101 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*15.9.79 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*77.4.38 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 5...93 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.2.97 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*84.0.90 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*41.8.64 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 5...83 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 3...107 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...71 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 1...40 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...63 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 3...47 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...67 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 0...49 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...51 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 4...23 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.5.81 Panama  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 304 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 8 GDP (US$ billions...28.3 GDP per capita (US$...4, 170 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 05 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.120.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..119.3.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..116.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..122.3.5 Basic requirements (40.0%).112.3.8 Institutions...133.2.9 Infrastructure...117.2.7 Macroeconomic environment...54.5.0 Health and primary education...111.4.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).112.3.5 Higher education and training...112.3.3 Goods market efficiency...92.4.2 Labor market efficiency...115.3.8 Financial market development...93.3.7 Technological readiness...110.2.9 Market size...92.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).132.2.9 Business sophistication...121.3.4 Innovation...134.2.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...18.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...15.9 Inadequately educated workforce...15.8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...14.9 Access to financing...9. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Poor public health...2. 7 Tax regulations...2. 4 Crime and theft...2. 3 Inflation...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...1. 0 Tax rates...0. 9 Policy instability...0. 6 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Paraguay Paraguay Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Paraguay Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 305 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*35.0.119 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...45 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...69 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 8...85 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...86 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...72 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 1...66 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*49.7.66 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...99 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 8...120 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 4...59 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...32 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...110 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*26.1.115 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...17 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...109 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 2...129 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...100 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...111 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 66.103 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...80 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...108 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...69 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...57 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...113 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 6...44 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 1...67 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 0...118 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...114 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...96 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*36.9.92 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 6...98 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*12.7.92 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 8...110 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...89 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...96 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*46.4.90 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.4.91 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...78 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 0...95 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 1...121 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 3...142 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 0...133 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...92 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...117 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 7...105 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 0...132 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...120 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 2...141 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...121 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 7...125 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...124 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 6...142 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...100 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 2...124 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 5...132 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 8...141 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 4...142 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 7...131 1. 06 Judicial independence...1. 6...142 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 0...139 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 9...140 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 8...40 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 4...136 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...85 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...73 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...93 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...110 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 4...91 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 3...141 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...2. 9...142 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 1...105 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 0...118 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...107 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 7...132 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 5...133 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 2...108 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 6...136 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*27.0.115 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 2...107 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*103.7.88 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*5. 9...103 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 8...47 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.9.92 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*15.2.13 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*37.1.87 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 1...8 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*45.0.68 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 9...57 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 8...59 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*18.8.89 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*72.2.84 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 1...140 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*81.9.124 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*69.6.102 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*34.5.74 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 3...139 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 3...138 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 1...129 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 9...122 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 0...133 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...105 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...68 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 2...118 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...128 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 7...15 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.0.58 Paraguay  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 306 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...30.9 GDP (US$ billions...206.5 GDP per capita (US$...6, 674 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 40 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.65.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..61.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..61.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..67.4.2 Basic requirements (40.0%).74.4.5 Institutions...118.3.3 Infrastructure...88.3.5 Macroeconomic environment...21.5.9 Health and primary education...94.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).62.4.2 Higher education and training...83.4.1 Goods market efficiency...53.4.5 Labor market efficiency...51.4.3 Financial market development...40.4.5 Technological readiness...92.3.3 Market size...43.4.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).99.3.3 Business sophistication...72.3.9 Innovation...117.2.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...21.8 Corruption...15.1 Restrictive labor regulations...12.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.0 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 0 Crime and theft...7. 2 Tax regulations...7. 2 Policy instability...4. 3 Tax rates...3. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 8 Access to financing...2. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 7 Government instability/coups...1. 1 Poor public health...0. 9 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Inflation...0. 5 Peru Peru Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Peru Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 307 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*25.0.101 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...72 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 2...95 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*1. 8...36 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 0...45 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...40 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 0...73 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.8.131 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 8...51 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 8...40 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...64 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...39 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 9...130 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*11.4.49 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...104 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 9...75 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...54 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 9...41 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...45 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 80.75 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 7...55 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...70 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...62 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 2...42 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 9...54 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...29 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 8...36 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 6...80 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 5...78 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...27 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*39.2.84 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 2...79 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*18.1.85 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 9...116 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...40 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...58 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*344.2.40 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.0.123 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...51 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...57 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...108 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...106 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...86 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...69 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...79 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...62 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...66 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 4...100 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 9...117 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...119 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...109 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...105 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...113 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 3...89 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...106 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 8...119 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...104 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 9...131 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...81 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...124 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 7...100 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 4...119 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 7...127 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 1...112 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...109 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...92 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...124 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 0...127 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 1...135 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 6...137 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...115 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 0...51 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 1...31 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...64 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 0...16 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 5...105 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 2...102 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 9...90 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...87 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...89 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*498.1.43 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 9...71 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*98.1.97 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*11.3.84 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 5...17 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.7.52 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*19.6.19 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*64.9.41 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*190.1.37 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 8...15 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*95.0.92 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 0...94 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 4...76 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*14.1.72 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.5.64 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 3...136 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.7.73 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*89.8.70 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*42.6.63 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 5...134 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 3...139 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...77 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 7...94 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...87 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 8...93 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...70 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 6...82 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...63 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...91 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*36.4.66 Peru  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 308 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...97.5 GDP (US$ billions...272.0 GDP per capita (US$...2, 790 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 53 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.52.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..59.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..65.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..75.4.1 Basic requirements (44.2%).66.4.6 Institutions...67.3.9 Infrastructure...91.3.5 Macroeconomic environment...26.5.8 Health and primary education...92.5.4 Efficiency enhancers (46.9%).58.4.3 Higher education and training...64.4.4 Goods market efficiency...70.4.3 Labor market efficiency...91.4.0 Financial market development...49.4.4 Technological readiness...69.3.8 Market size...35.4.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (9. 0%).48.3.9 Business sophistication...46.4.3 Innovation...52.3.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...17.6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...15.9 Tax regulations...13.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.6 Tax rates...9. 7 Policy instability...5. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 3 Crime and theft...4. 1 Inflation...3. 8 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 1 Foreign currency regulations...1. 9 Government instability/coups...1. 9 Access to financing...1. 6 Poor public health...0. 5 Philippines Philippines Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Philippines Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 309 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*15.141 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*35.0.119 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...86 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...51 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 6...48 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...51 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...65 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...99 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*29.7.119 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 2...25 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 7...46 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 9...29 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...86 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...104 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.4.124 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...47 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...27 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 0...29 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 5...60 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...82 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 65.106 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 0...42 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 8...43 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 4...23 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 5...30 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 3...31 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 5...46 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...45 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 1...58 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 1...41 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...31 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*37.0.91 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 6...93 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*57.6.46 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*20.3.79 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 5...30 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 1...42 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*456.4.31 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.0.102 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...69 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...65 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...51 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...77 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 1...44 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...43 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 3...44 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 7...41 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 7...24 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 5...30 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 6...75 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...42 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...55 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...53 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...71 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 3...86 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...61 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...66 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 1...78 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 6...89 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 6...86 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...77 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...66 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...60 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...73 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...68 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...56 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...85 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...110 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...77 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...69 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 6...101 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 3...49 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 1...48 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 1...29 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 5...45 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 7...95 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 6...87 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 3...80 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 5...101 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 6...108 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 171.2.25 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 2...87 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*104.5.86 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 2...113 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 1...25 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.9.51 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 9...57 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*38.3.58 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*55.5.59 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*23.8.23 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 9...34 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*265.0.127 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...114 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 9...94 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*23.5.95 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*68.6.101 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 2...60 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*88.2.105 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*84.6.89 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*28.2.82 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 5...29 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 1...70 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 7...40 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 3...66 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...49 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 6...27 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...61 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...85 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...72 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...52 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*44.5.100 Philippines  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 310 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...38.5 GDP (US$ billions...516.1 GDP per capita (US$...13,394 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 94 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.43.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..42.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..41.4.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..41.4.5 Basic requirements (29.0%).55.4.8 Institutions...56.4.0 Infrastructure...63.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...63.4.8 Health and primary education...39.6.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).32.4.6 Higher education and training...34.5.0 Goods market efficiency...51.4.5 Labor market efficiency...79.4.1 Financial market development...35.4.6 Technological readiness...48.4.5 Market size...19.5.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (21.0%).63.3.7 Business sophistication...63.4.1 Innovation...72.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax regulations...23.2 Restrictive labor regulations...15.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.6 Tax rates...11.2 Access to financing...9. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 3 Corruption...3. 4 Policy instability...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Inflation...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poland Poland Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Poland Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 311 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*30.0.111 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...90 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...66 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...54 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...76 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 3...58 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*45.9.74 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 9...49 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...93 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...100 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 6...29 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...112 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*18.8.89 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...88 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 1...53 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...71 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 7...117 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 5...124 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 82.69 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...44 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 8...44 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...59 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 6...89 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...99 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 4...51 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 9...35 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 5...90 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...101 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...68 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*62.8.47 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.6.46 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*73.0.37 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*58.5.30 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...20 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 7...22 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*817.5.21 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*47.0.51 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...31 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 8...44 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...92 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 1...102 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...53 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 6...109 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...57 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 5...50 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...62 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...67 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...63 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...98 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...73 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...89 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...62 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*7. 1...40 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...55 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...63 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 8...50 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...101 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 7...43 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 1...54 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 1...67 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 9...85 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...117 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 9...118 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...110 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...110 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...27 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 4...27 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 6...35 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...76 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 1...57 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...58 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...87 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 0...81 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 0...79 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 5...89 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 9...55 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...78 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...86 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*344.3.51 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 5...46 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*150.0.23 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*13.9.78 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 5...100 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.9.91 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*57.5.96 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*73.2.31 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*21.0.46 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 1...47 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...39 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 3...31 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.8.44 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 3...53 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.6.49 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.7.45 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*73.2.23 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...79 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 4...50 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 0...84 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 9...50 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 8...31 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...72 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 3...51 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 8...19 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...56 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 3...102 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*41.6.87 Poland  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 312 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...10.6 GDP (US$ billions...220.0 GDP per capita (US$...20,728 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 28 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.36.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..51.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..49.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..45.4.4 Basic requirements (20.0%).41.5.0 Institutions...41.4.4 Infrastructure...17.5.7 Macroeconomic environment...128.3.5 Health and primary education...24.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).37.4.6 Higher education and training...24.5.4 Goods market efficiency...44.4.6 Labor market efficiency...83.4.1 Financial market development...104.3.6 Technological readiness...26.5.4 Market size...51.4.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).31.4.2 Business sophistication...51.4.3 Innovation...28.4.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.2 Tax rates...16.3 Access to financing...16.2 Policy instability...14.1 Restrictive labor regulations...11.5 Tax regulations...10.1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 4 Corruption...2. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Poor public health...0. 1 Inflation...0. 0 Crime and theft...0. 0 Portugal Portugal Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Portugal Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 313 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 5...5 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...85 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 2...7 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...82 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...79 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 1...26 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*40.6.86 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...33 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...64 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...65 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 7...93 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 3...113 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*23.1.108 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...131 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 4...113 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...73 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...91 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...72 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 90.32 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...43 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...61 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...93 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...108 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...84 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...111 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...46 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 3...11 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...22 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 2...14 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*62.1.48 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*23.8.32 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*181.1.14 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*36.7.58 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...50 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...48 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*244.8.52 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*40.9.66 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...27 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 0...30 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 2...42 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...53 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...50 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...66 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 4...40 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 5...49 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...80 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 3...37 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 4...18 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 6...38 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 7...23 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...42 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 2...8 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*13.0.31 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 8...42 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 6...35 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 0...41 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...67 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 2...32 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 5...44 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 3...54 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...88 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 0...108 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 1...111 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...77 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...81 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...7 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 0...10 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 3...13 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 3...29 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 5...42 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...53 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...76 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...47 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 0...12 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 3...2 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 4...23 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 4...23 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 7...20 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*802.9.31 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 4...18 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*113.0.69 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*42.7.18 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 9...107 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.0.97 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...59 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*128.8.138 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*49.1.71 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*26.0.56 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...28 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 2...32 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 9...11 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.4.26 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 8...33 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.6.17 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*112.9.8 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*68.9.29 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 3...40 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 5...43 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 9...4 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 7...28 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 1...24 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 2...54 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...63 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...58 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...48 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 9...129 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*42.3.89 Portugal  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 314 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 6 GDP (US$ billions...103.1 GDP per capita (US$...28,325 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...n/a Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.32.4.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..30.4.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..31.4.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..35.4.6 Basic requirements (20.0%).68.4.6 Institutions...34.4.6 Infrastructure...58.4.3 Macroeconomic environment...99.4.2 Health and primary education...103.5.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).28.4.7 Higher education and training...27.5.3 Goods market efficiency...20.5.0 Labor market efficiency...46.4.4 Financial market development...21.4.8 Technological readiness...37.4.9 Market size...60.4.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).27.4.5 Business sophistication...18.5.1 Innovation...29.4.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...26.2 Restrictive labor regulations...15.0 Tax regulations...11.4 Tax rates...11.1 Access to financing...9. 5 Corruption...6. 0 Policy instability...4. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Inflation...2. 6 Crime and theft...2. 1 Government instability/coups...1. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Puerto rico Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Puerto rico Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 315 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...103 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...24 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*1. 3...33 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 6...12 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 0...23 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 1...25 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*84.6.18 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 2...28 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...26 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 9...30 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...19 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...94 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...112 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 6...22 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 3...23 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...106 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...81 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 69.100 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 5...23 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 3...22 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...70 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...73 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 9...51 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...64 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 8...8 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 1...20 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 6...18 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 2...16 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*73.9.32 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*16.3.44 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*136.9.18 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.8.86 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...62 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...55 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*111.9.66 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*72.6.25 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...45 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 4...19 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 6...23 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 2...21 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 7...24 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 3...46 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 9...10 11.08 Extent of marketing...6. 0...3 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 8...20 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 9...20 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 7...35 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 5...47 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 2...36 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...100 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 3...6 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*2. 1...57 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 9...12 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 9...9 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 9...44 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 2...57 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 7...44 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 5...43 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 9...83 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...112 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 4...138 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 1...19 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 4...20 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...66 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...31 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 3...122 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 2...54 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 8...43 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 8...34 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 1...9 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 5...14 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...6. 1...3 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 0...16 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 9...45 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 2...29 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 4...22 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 6...25 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*207.1.62 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 1...59 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*83.6.113 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*17.9.67 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 2...109 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.1.114 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.0.104 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*n/a n/a 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*2. 2...3 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...10 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 6...92 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...40 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*9. 5...55 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*78.5.35 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...80 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*80.4.127 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*78.3.95 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.5.5 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 5...85 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 8...91 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...45 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 8...54 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 6...10 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 9...16 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 0...7 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 9...16 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 3...7 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 7...72 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*50.7.116 Puerto rico  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 316 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 0 GDP (US$ billions...202.6 GDP per capita (US$...100,260 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 23 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.16.5.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..13.5.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..11.5.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..14.5.2 Basic requirements (20.0%).5...6. 1 Institutions...4...5. 9 Infrastructure...24.5.5 Macroeconomic environment...2...6. 7 Health and primary education...28.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).20.5.0 Higher education and training...38.5.0 Goods market efficiency...4...5. 5 Labor market efficiency...10.5.0 Financial market development...13.5.2 Technological readiness...31.5.2 Market size...59.4.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).15.5.1 Business sophistication...12.5.3 Innovation...14.4.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce...15.3 Restrictive labor regulations...14.6 Access to financing...12.8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.0 Inflation...10.0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Tax rates...4. 1 Foreign currency regulations...2. 3 Tax regulations...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 0 Corruption...1. 6 Government instability/coups...1. 2 Policy instability...1. 1 Crime and theft...1. 0 Qatar Qatar Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Qatar Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 317 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 5...48 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 8...6 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...40 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 2...59 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 8...59 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 5...9 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 4...11 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*30.5.117 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 8...4 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...5. 2...2 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 7...5 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 0...5 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 3...5 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*23.2.110 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 3...2 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 4...3 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 6...16 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 8...2 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 9...4 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 54.122 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 8...13 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 9...6 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 2...5 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...5. 1...1 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 8...1 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 3...9 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 9...7 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 9...25 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 8...12 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 6...6 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*85.3.14 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*9. 9...65 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*48.7.55 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*76.8.17 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...64 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 2...40 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*199.6.54 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*72.7.24 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 3...17 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 4...20 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 2...11 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 9...23 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 2...9 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 5...2 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 4...19 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 5...14 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 3...7 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 2...12 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 4...16 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 0...8 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 4...8 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...5. 7...1 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 6...2 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*6. 4...46 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 0...7 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 0...5 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 2...4 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...6. 1...2 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 4...5 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 0...13 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 6...1 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...6. 0...1 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...5. 2...1 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 7...6 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 3...4 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 7...5 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 4...9 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 5...1 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 7...2 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 3...3 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 9...9 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 0...10 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 5...12 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...6. 0...5 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 4...26 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 0...34 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 4...24 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 0...12 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 170.5.26 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 5...15 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*152.6.21 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*19.0.60 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*11.1.3 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*58.4.2 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 1...63 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*34.2.50 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*79.1.23 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*41.0.66 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...27 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...18 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*6. 3...41 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*78.5.36 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 6...9 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.4.82 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*111.6.9 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*12.1.107 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 8...3 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 5...6 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 6...10 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 9...25 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 3...19 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 3...6 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 7...18 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 2...9 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 4...3 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...6. 2...3 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*11.3.3 Qatar  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 318 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...21.3 GDP (US$ billions...189.7 GDP per capita (US$...8, 910 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 33 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.59.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..76.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..78.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..77.4.1 Basic requirements (40.0%).77.4.5 Institutions...88.3.6 Infrastructure...85.3.7 Macroeconomic environment...46.5.2 Health and primary education...88.5.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).50.4.3 Higher education and training...58.4.6 Goods market efficiency...89.4.2 Labor market efficiency...90.4.0 Financial market development...64.4.1 Technological readiness...47.4.5 Market size...45.4.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).78.3.5 Business sophistication...90.3.8 Innovation...66.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...16.6 Tax rates...15.6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...12.8 Corruption...11.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 9 Tax regulations...9. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 9 Inflation...4. 7 Policy instability...4. 7 Government instability/coups...2. 5 Foreign currency regulations...2. 4 Crime and theft...2. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 1 Romania Romania Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Romania Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 319 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 5...48 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...69 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...117 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...89 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 0...105 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 7...86 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*44.0.77 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...84 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...107 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...125 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...68 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...57 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 0...7 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...140 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...66 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 3...126 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 5...128 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 6...115 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 78.79 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...93 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...66 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 2...83 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...59 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...78 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 5...91 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 6...101 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 6...81 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 4...81 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...49 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*49.8.67 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*17.3.40 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*136.6.19 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*37.6.57 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 2...44 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 1...43 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*285.1.46 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*41.9.65 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 3...99 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...90 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...70 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...83 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...87 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...97 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...82 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...83 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...82 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...68 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...55 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...65 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...71 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...75 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...72 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*2. 2...56 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 0...79 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 4...88 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...82 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 3...109 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 9...68 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...84 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...114 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...116 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 2...94 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 2...106 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...93 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...86 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...97 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 4...74 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 1...105 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 2...65 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...112 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...93 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...112 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...99 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 8...88 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 8...121 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 9...59 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 4...104 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 6...105 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*190.4.68 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 6...81 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*105.6.85 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*21.8.52 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 5...65 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*22.1.56 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 0...80 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.3.59 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*51.5.69 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*94.0.91 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 1...90 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 9...90 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*10.7.59 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.6.62 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 1...65 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*85.8.114 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.0.57 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*51.6.53 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...61 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 7...31 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...74 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 8...53 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...68 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...111 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 4...120 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...61 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...89 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 9...128 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*42.9.91 Romania  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 320 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...142.9 GDP (US$ billions...2, 118.0 GDP per capita (US$...14,819 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...2. 94 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.53.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..64.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..67.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..66.4.2 Basic requirements (25.5%).44.4.9 Institutions...97.3.5 Infrastructure...39.4.8 Macroeconomic environment...31.5.5 Health and primary education...56.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).41.4.5 Higher education and training...39.5.0 Goods market efficiency...99.4.1 Labor market efficiency...45.4.4 Financial market development...110.3.5 Technological readiness...59.4.2 Market size...7...5. 8 Innovation and sophistication factors (24.5%).75.3.5 Business sophistication...86.3.8 Innovation...65.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...14.3 Tax rates...12.3 Access to financing...11.7 Tax regulations...10.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 2 Inflation...7. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 6 Crime and theft...2. 8 Policy instability...2. 8 Foreign currency regulations...2. 2 Government instability/coups...2. 0 Poor public health...1. 0 Russian Federation Russianâ Federation Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Russian Federation Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 321 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*15.0.75 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 1...125 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...111 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*9. 5...102 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 4...124 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 7...118 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...95 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*22.1.133 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 4...83 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 7...44 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...89 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 6...28 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 2...41 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*17.3.83 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...115 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 6...24 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 0...85 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...103 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 1...92 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.41 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...71 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...69 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...86 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...56 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...61 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 0...118 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...91 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 2...108 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...98 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...123 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*61.4.49 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*16.6.43 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*41.2.61 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*60.1.29 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 7...7 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 1...9 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*2, 556.2.6 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*27.8.104 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...91 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...88 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 1...118 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...75 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...96 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...73 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...92 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 3...64 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...81 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...66 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 0...56 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...62 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...67 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...81 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...70 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*7. 1...41 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 3...120 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 0...107 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...102 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...74 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...102 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 9...109 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...87 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...87 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...111 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 2...110 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...99 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 0...68 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...104 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...70 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 2...101 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 2...114 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...72 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 1...106 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...64 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...118 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 1...74 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 7...124 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 3...26 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 9...81 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 1...79 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*3, 685.0.11 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 8...73 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*152.8.20 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*28.5.39 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 3...39 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*25.3.41 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 8...115 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*13.4.10 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*67.7.37 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*91.0.89 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 5...75 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 1...110 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 8...60 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*8. 9...53 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.5.95 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 2...57 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.2.54 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.3.56 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*76.1.19 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 5...84 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...59 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 7...104 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 1...41 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 3...59 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 8...89 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 0...74 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...75 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...102 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...122 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*50.7.116 Russian Federation  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 322 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...10.6 GDP (US$ billions...7. 4 GDP per capita (US$...698 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.62.4.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..66.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..63.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..70.4.2 Basic requirements (60.0%).67.4.6 Institutions...18.5.2 Infrastructure...105.3.1 Macroeconomic environment...79.4.6 Health and primary education...86.5.5 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).91.3.8 Higher education and training...122.3.0 Goods market efficiency...42.4.6 Labor market efficiency...9...5. 1 Financial market development...55.4.3 Technological readiness...98.3.1 Market size...125.2.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).66.3.6 Business sophistication...84.3.8 Innovation...53.3.5 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...21.3 Inadequately educated workforce...14.3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...11.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.3 Tax rates...10.1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 5 Tax regulations...7. 2 Inflation...5. 3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...3. 5 Corruption...2. 5 Policy instability...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...1. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 1 Poor public health...0. 9 Crime and theft...0. 6 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Rwanda Rwanda Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Rwanda Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 323 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 0...2 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 5...18 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...53 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*8. 7...96 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...83 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 8...5 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...16 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*39.9.88 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...107 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...61 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 0...24 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...54 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 3...31 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.0.56 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 5...16 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 0...68 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 8...35 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 3...27 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 6...20 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*1. 02.3 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...69 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 3...56 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 4...73 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 2...41 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 1...39 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 7...82 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...73 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 3...46 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...49 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...25 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*8. 7...125 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...137 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*9. 8...103 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 8...106 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 4...125 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 8...136 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*16.4.123 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*13.4.136 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 2...107 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 0...96 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...59 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 6...65 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...71 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...67 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 4...102 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 3...125 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...65 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...86 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 7...72 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...94 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 7...64 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 8...5 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...74 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 3...28 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 6...32 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 3...19 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 3...10 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 5...27 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 9...34 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 5...16 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...5. 7...4 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 8...6 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 2...16 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 3...24 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 5...8 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...37 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 1...6 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 4...9 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 8...21 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 3...22 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 8...63 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...35 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...34 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 3...68 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 7...46 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 6...98 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 3...73 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*15.7.130 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 0...92 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*56.8.134 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 4...135 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 5...62 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.7.100 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 2...84 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.4.34 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*25.2.120 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*5, 673.0.51 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 8...38 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*86.0.87 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 3...85 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*2. 9...127 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 7...98 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*38.8.110 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*63.5.115 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...82 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.7.16 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*31.8.134 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*7. 2...124 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 0...50 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 1...71 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...99 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 3...70 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 7...96 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...66 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...78 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 0...52 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 7...28 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 3...29 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*29.9.38 Rwanda  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 324 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...30.0 GDP (US$ billions...745.3 GDP per capita (US$...24,847 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 08 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.24.5.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..20.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..18.5.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..17.5.2 Basic requirements (42.9%).15.5.7 Institutions...25.5.0 Infrastructure...30.5.2 Macroeconomic environment...4...6. 7 Health and primary education...50.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (47.8%).33.4.6 Higher education and training...57.4.6 Goods market efficiency...35.4.7 Labor market efficiency...64.4.2 Financial market development...30.4.7 Technological readiness...45.4.5 Market size...20.5.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (9. 3%).32.4.2 Business sophistication...30.4.6 Innovation...33.3.8 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...26.9 Inadequately educated workforce...16.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.9 Access to financing...11.8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 3 Tax rates...4. 2 Corruption...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 4 Policy instability...3. 2 Inflation...2. 3 Tax regulations...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...0. 9 Crime and theft...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 2 Saudi arabia Saudi arabia Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Saudi arabia Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 325 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*20.5.95 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 4...21 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...57 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 2...61 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 1...106 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...95 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 3...54 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*28.7.120 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...63 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...52 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...50 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 8...13 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...54 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*19.5.93 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 9...13 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...25 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 6...45 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 4...22 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 7...17 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 25.141 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...48 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 1...30 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 5...19 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...27 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...27 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 0...17 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...31 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 5...38 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 4...31 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 4...10 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*60.5.51 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 3...73 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*46.7.56 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*49.5.41 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...22 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 9...17 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*937.2.19 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*52.0.43 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 1...22 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 5...60 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 7...22 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...48 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 4...31 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 9...11 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 7...31 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 7...40 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 4...30 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 0...55 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 2...44 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 6...37 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 2...38 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 6...7 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...47 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*6. 7...44 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 1...32 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 9...28 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 8...25 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 1...12 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 6...22 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 2...26 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 1...25 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 7...12 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 7...45 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 4...34 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 1...27 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...38 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...62 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 6...17 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 4...10 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 2...34 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 9...30 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...33 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...49 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 0...22 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 2...29 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 3...26 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 1...50 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...40 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 1...41 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 433.8.24 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...26 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*176.5.5 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*16.4.70 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*8. 3...6 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*45.5.7 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...72 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*2. 7...2 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*76.1.26 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 4...13 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 7...16 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*15.0.35 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...70 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 6...71 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*7. 4...46 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.5.51 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 0...69 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*96.5.50 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*116.2.7 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*50.9.55 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 1...47 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 1...73 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 2...78 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 6...63 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 1...73 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...60 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...40 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 3...32 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 6...32 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 0...11 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*14.5.6 Saudi arabia  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 326 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...14.1 GDP (US$ billions...15.2 GDP per capita (US$...1, 073 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.112.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..113.3.7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..117.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..111.3.7 Basic requirements (60.0%).120.3.7 Institutions...74.3.8 Infrastructure...111.2.9 Macroeconomic environment...97.4.3 Health and primary education...131.4.0 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).102.3.6 Higher education and training...119.3.2 Goods market efficiency...68.4.3 Labor market efficiency...68.4.2 Financial market development...85.3.8 Technological readiness...96.3.2 Market size...104.3.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).65.3.6 Business sophistication...77.3.9 Innovation...57.3.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...25.3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...12.2 Restrictive labor regulations...8. 1 Corruption...6. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 9 Tax regulations...5. 6 Tax rates...5. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 2 Foreign currency regulations...4. 8 Policy instability...4. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Inflation...3. 5 Crime and theft...2. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 9 Poor public health...2. 2 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Senegal Senegal Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Senegal Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 327 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 5...97 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...98 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.8.113 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...73 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...68 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 3...56 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*53.7.54 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...58 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...92 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 4...57 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 5...112 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...56 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.7.64 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...44 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...90 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 1...81 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...77 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 7...54 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 75.90 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...114 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...102 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 3...77 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...61 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 9...53 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 8...79 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...106 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 9...68 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 0...43 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...74 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*20.9.101 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 8...109 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*5. 4...114 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.3.88 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 8...100 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...116 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*27.7.105 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.7.114 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...86 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 4...74 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...103 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 4...74 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...55 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...85 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 9...69 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...73 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...89 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 9...56 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...66 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...58 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...65 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...27 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 1...68 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...104 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...80 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 4...86 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...72 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 1...64 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 5...92 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...80 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...58 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 6...45 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...29 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...58 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 7...46 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 1...57 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...101 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...65 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...96 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 6...47 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...62 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...76 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 7...59 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 7...95 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 6...97 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 4...92 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 3...79 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 4...58 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...94 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*103.4.82 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 0...111 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*92.9.106 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*2. 4...117 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 4...112 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.5.86 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.9.79 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*32.5.100 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*27,684. 6...71 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 9...55 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*137.0.102 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 6...101 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 5...88 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 6...104 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*45.2.116 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*63.2.116 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...98 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*73.3.131 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*41.0.128 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*7. 6...120 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...66 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 0...77 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 6...51 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 9...85 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...56 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...78 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...81 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...60 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...61 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...61 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*48.5.107 Senegal  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 328 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...7. 2 GDP (US$ billions...42.5 GDP per capita (US$...5, 907 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 09 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.94.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..101.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..95.3.9 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..95.3.9 Basic requirements (40.0%).101.4.1 Institutions...122.3.2 Infrastructure...77.3.9 Macroeconomic environment...129.3.5 Health and primary education...68.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).80.3.9 Higher education and training...74.4.3 Goods market efficiency...128.3.8 Labor market efficiency...119.3.7 Financial market development...109.3.5 Technological readiness...49.4.4 Market size...71.3.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).121.3.1 Business sophistication...132.3.2 Innovation...108.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.7 Access to financing...13.3 Corruption...11.9 Policy instability...8. 3 Government instability/coups...6. 9 Tax rates...6. 8 Tax regulations...6. 1 Crime and theft...5. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 1 Foreign currency regulations...4. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Inflation...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 7 Poor public health...1. 6 Serbia Serbia Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Serbia Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 329 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*11.5.61 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 0...128 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...90 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 0...68 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 0...109 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 2...130 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...96 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*57.6.46 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 9...116 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 4...137 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 3...140 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...45 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 3...115 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*7. 7...22 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 6...136 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 4...116 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 2...128 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...1. 8...141 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 6...143 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 77.81 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 0...98 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 7...110 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...133 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 2...121 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 9...132 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...106 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...113 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 2...106 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 8...127 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 0...108 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*51.5.65 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*13.9.49 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*108.9.26 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*54.8.35 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 4...73 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...74 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*81.1.74 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*44.9.55 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...110 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 0...98 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...115 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 4...141 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...128 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...122 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 8...133 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 1...131 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...2. 9...136 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 0...130 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 7...69 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 5...125 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 2...95 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...122 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...82 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*2. 3...55 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 1...127 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...113 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...99 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 1...118 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 9...69 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 6...118 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 4...120 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 2...132 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 2...140 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 7...128 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 3...129 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...108 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 5...58 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 2...86 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 1...106 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 8...89 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...119 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 0...109 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...125 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 8...138 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 3...111 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 9...114 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 1...83 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...127 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 5...112 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*74.0.93 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 7...76 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*119.4.57 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*39.3.26 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 7...117 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*11.5.125 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 7...124 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*65.8.108 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*39.5.81 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*23.0.50 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 4...31 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...14 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*5. 7...37 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.2.52 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...78 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.4.94 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*91.7.66 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*52.4.52 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 1...106 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...53 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...114 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 2...72 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 5...106 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 1...134 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 2...128 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 8...136 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...126 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 7...136 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*36.8.69 Serbia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 330 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 1 GDP (US$ billions...1. 4 GDP per capita (US$...15,046 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 00 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.92.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..80.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..76.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (24.9%).50.4.9 Institutions...54.4.0 Infrastructure...53.4.5 Macroeconomic environment...57.4.9 Health and primary education...55.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).105.3.6 Higher education and training...85.4.0 Goods market efficiency...88.4.2 Labor market efficiency...44.4.4 Financial market development...103.3.6 Technological readiness...70.3.7 Market size...143.1.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (25.1%).69.3.6 Business sophistication...66.4.0 Innovation...73.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...21.9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...15.1 Inadequately educated workforce...11.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 3 Corruption...5. 7 Policy instability...4. 3 Foreign currency regulations...4. 1 Crime and theft...3. 2 Tax rates...3. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Poor public health...1. 8 Tax regulations...1. 7 Inflation...1. 3 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Seychelles Seychelles Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Seychelles Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 331 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*39.0.125 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...66 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...60 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*16.0.137 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...87 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 1...98 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 8...79 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*88.8.13 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 9...115 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...57 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...99 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...83 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 6...88 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.5.62 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...48 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...102 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 4...56 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 1...90 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 0...31 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 91.29 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 9...103 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...95 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...89 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 0...50 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...62 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 5...87 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...71 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 9...65 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...63 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...102 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*50.4.66 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*12.9.54 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*23.6.77 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*9. 9...97 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 0...143 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...137 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*2. 5...143 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*82.3.18 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 0...119 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...109 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 9...63 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 7...27 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...58 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...90 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 9...67 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 9...92 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 7...71 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 9...59 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 6...76 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...64 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 4...80 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...46 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 8...140 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*30.2.28 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...68 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 8...60 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 7...53 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 4...45 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 1...63 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 1...53 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...57 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 5...48 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 2...13 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 0...52 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...70 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 1...59 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...107 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 2...87 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 9...61 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...68 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 1...58 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...92 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...48 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 4...52 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 7...57 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 7...51 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 2...60 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...41 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 9...49 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*26.8.116 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 8...75 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*147.3.26 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*23.4.47 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*1. 2...13 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.7.77 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 3...87 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*62.0.103 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*25.2.122 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*30.0.59 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 4...109 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 8...105 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 1...123 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*11.2.60 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*72.7.83 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 6...42 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.8.71 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.3.28 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*1. 4...140 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 3...37 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...57 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...63 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 2...74 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 6...99 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 0...67 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 2...127 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...56 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 1...66 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...47 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*25.7.23 Seychelles  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 332 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...6. 1 GDP (US$ billions...4. 8 GDP per capita (US$...784 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.138.3.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..144.3.0 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..143.2.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (60.0%).141.3.1 Institutions...107.3.4 Infrastructure...136.2.1 Macroeconomic environment...117.3.9 Health and primary education...142.3.2 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).136.3.1 Higher education and training...137.2.4 Goods market efficiency...117.4.0 Labor market efficiency...95.4.0 Financial market development...116.3.4 Technological readiness...138.2.4 Market size...133.2.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).130.2.9 Business sophistication...128.3.3 Innovation...130.2.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...18.5 Corruption...14.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.7 Foreign currency regulations...8. 8 Tax rates...8. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 0 Inflation...5. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 4 Crime and theft...4. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 4 Policy instability...3. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 6 Poor public health...2. 2 Tax regulations...1. 9 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 6 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Sierra leone Sierra leone Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Sierra leone Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 333 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*12.0.62 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...78 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...32 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*13.8.131 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...43 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...80 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...110 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*55.3.51 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 7...123 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 6...130 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...84 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...71 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 5...19 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*78.3.141 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...54 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...105 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...70 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 5...124 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...86 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 97.7 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 6...124 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 4...124 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 3...124 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 8...130 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 8...137 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 1...117 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...120 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 5...134 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 5...137 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 1...104 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*1. 7...140 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 0...143 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 0...139 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*n/a n/a 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 0...132 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 0...134 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*9. 4...132 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*34.0.81 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 4...97 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...122 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...114 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 7...125 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 0...134 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 0...137 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 8...132 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 0...134 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...111 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 2...117 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 5...133 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 5...124 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 4...134 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...94 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 0...134 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...111 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 4...113 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 2...93 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 7...100 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 6...88 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 7...130 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 8...115 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...118 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...75 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...52 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...92 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 3...132 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...91 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...86 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 8...102 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...111 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 4...110 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...113 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 1...107 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...69 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...103 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 9...127 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 0...111 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 4...105 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 7...134 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*10.7.134 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 0...134 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*44.1.137 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 3...139 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 2...56 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*0. 7...140 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 8...135 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*32.6.44 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*17.7.137 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*18,398. 6...62 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...2. 9...74 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*674.0.142 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 2...121 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 5...120 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 3...114 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*117.4.144 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*45.3.144 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 9...117 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*n/a n/a 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*26.4.140 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*2. 0...139 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...112 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 5...134 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 1...128 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 4...134 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 2...125 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...107 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 5...116 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...113 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 6...107 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 6...78 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*32.4.47 Sierra leone  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 334 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...5. 4 GDP (US$ billions...295.7 GDP per capita (US$...54,776 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 40 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.2.5.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..2...5. 6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..2...5. 7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..2...5. 6 Basic requirements (20.0%).1...6. 3 Institutions...3...6. 0 Infrastructure...2...6. 5 Macroeconomic environment...15.6.1 Health and primary education...3...6. 7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).2...5. 7 Higher education and training...2...6. 1 Goods market efficiency...1...5. 6 Labor market efficiency...2...5. 7 Financial market development...2...5. 8 Technological readiness...7...6. 1 Market size...31.4.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).11.5.1 Business sophistication...19.5.1 Innovation...9...5. 2 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...28.2 Inflation...20.5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...15.2 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Access to financing...5. 0 Tax rates...4. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 6 Foreign currency regulations...2. 5 Tax regulations...2. 3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...1. 9 Policy instability...1. 7 Poor public health...0. 1 Corruption...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Singapore Singapore Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Singapore Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 335 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*2. 5...5 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 8...7 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 5...3 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 3...3 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 1...2 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...6. 3...2 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...6. 1...1 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*167.5.2 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 5...12 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 5...11 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...6. 1...2 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 0...7 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 4...3 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*3. 0...6 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 0...4 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 3...4 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...6. 0...6 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 2...8 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...6. 0...2 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 79.76 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 1...8 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 9...7 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 1...7 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 5...4 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 3...7 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 6...4 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 0...5 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 2...15 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 7...16 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 9...2 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*73.0.33 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.7.23 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*580.7.4 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*135.1.1 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...43 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 0...13 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*348.7.39 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*178.1.2 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...82 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 1...29 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 1...12 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 7...12 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 0...14 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...57 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 6...15 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 3...19 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 7...22 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 0...18 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 6...11 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 8...10 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 6...5 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...5. 1...4 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 9...16 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*125.2.13 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 2...2 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 2...2 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 1...6 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...6. 2...1 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 5...3 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 7...20 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 4...3 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...5. 9...3 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...5. 2...2 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...6. 2...1 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 4...21 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...6. 1...1 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 7...50 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 2...4 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 6...4 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 2...8 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 2...3 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 2...5 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 9...5 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 5...10 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*9. 3...2 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 3...5 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 1...6 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 7...2 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 8...1 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 316.8.19 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 7...6 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*155.6.17 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*36.4.31 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*6. 9...7 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*44.6.8 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 4...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*103.8.133 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*90.9.9 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*50.0.73 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 1...48 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...38 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 3...6 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.1.8 4. 09 Quality of primary education...6. 0...3 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*100.0.1 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*107.1.16 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*81.3.10 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 8...4 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...6. 3...1 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 8...6 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 4...6 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 5...12 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 3...7 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 7...20 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 1...13 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 3...8 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 9...4 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*27.1.27 Singapore  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 336 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...5. 4 GDP (US$ billions...95.8 GDP per capita (US$...17,706 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 15 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.75.4.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..78.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..71.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..69.4.2 Basic requirements (20.0%).70.4.6 Institutions...110.3.3 Infrastructure...64.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...45.5.2 Health and primary education...84.5.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).51.4.3 Higher education and training...56.4.6 Goods market efficiency...66.4.4 Labor market efficiency...97.3.9 Financial market development...39.4.5 Technological readiness...52.4.4 Market size...58.4.0 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).73.3.6 Business sophistication...65.4.0 Innovation...78.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...17.0 Corruption...16.1 Restrictive labor regulations...14.5 Tax rates...10.3 Tax regulations...10.1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 3 Policy instability...7. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 3 Access to financing...2. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 8 Poor public health...0. 8 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Inflation...0. 2 Slovak Republic Slovak Republic Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Slovak Republic Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 337 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*18.5.87 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 3...115 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...38 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 0...6 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 5...64 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 5...48 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*92.9.10 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...64 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 7...126 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...105 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...102 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 9...131 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*18.8.89 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...119 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...32 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 2...74 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 4...130 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 6...117 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 80.73 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 1...39 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 2...26 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 8...107 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 3...39 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 8...57 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 9...20 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 8...85 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 2...50 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 8...57 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...18 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*77.9.26 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.5.47 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*11.8.93 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*53.6.36 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...61 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 1...41 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*133.1.62 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*97.9.7 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...52 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 8...42 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...69 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 9...114 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...66 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 4...123 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 2...49 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...47 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 5...94 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...89 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...65 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...78 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 4...84 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...117 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 0...76 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*9. 2...38 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 8...89 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 8...61 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 2...130 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 1...121 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...100 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...130 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...1. 9...141 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 3...126 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 4...137 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 4...137 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 2...136 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...74 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...38 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...63 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...82 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 6...106 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...123 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...36 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...83 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 8...91 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 2...73 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...82 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 4...24 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 5...100 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 4...115 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*15.8.129 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...32 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*113.9.67 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*17.7.68 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 0...73 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*20.6.64 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*54.9.91 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*74.2.29 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 8...19 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...23 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 6...12 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*6. 3...41 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.1.48 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 4...51 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*n/a n/a 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*93.9.58 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*55.1.51 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 8...125 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 0...75 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...102 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 5...31 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 5...45 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 8...90 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...32 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...96 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...98 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...114 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*47.2.105 Slovak Republic  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 338 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...2. 1 GDP (US$ billions...46.9 GDP per capita (US$...22,756 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.70.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..62.4.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..56.4.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..57.4.3 Basic requirements (20.0%).49.4.9 Institutions...75.3.8 Infrastructure...35.4.9 Macroeconomic environment...98.4.3 Health and primary education...12.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).64.4.2 Higher education and training...25.5.3 Goods market efficiency...61.4.4 Labor market efficiency...99.3.9 Financial market development...133.2.9 Technological readiness...33.5.0 Market size...81.3.5 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).50.3.9 Business sophistication...59.4.1 Innovation...42.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...20.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...16.5 Tax rates...12.6 Restrictive labor regulations...12.4 Corruption...8. 9 Tax regulations...7. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 9 Policy instability...4. 7 Government instability/coups...4. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 2 Inflation...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 2 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Slovenia Slovenia Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Slovenia Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 339 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*2...3 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...107 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...39 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 2...134 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...2. 9...136 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 9...30 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*80.8.22 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 9...45 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...116 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...121 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 9...127 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 4...140 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.7.46 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...137 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 5...108 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...92 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...109 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 5...120 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 90.30 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 6...125 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 5...120 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 3...122 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 6...140 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 0...125 8. 06 Soundness of banks...2. 2...144 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...88 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 5...40 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 9...51 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 9...114 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*72.7.34 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.0.27 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*152.7.16 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*41.8.50 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...91 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...68 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*57.4.85 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*88.1.14 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...73 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 9...36 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 4...96 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 1...38 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...80 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 3...47 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 1...59 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...76 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...53 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...75 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 7...33 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...72 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 0...45 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...108 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 9...80 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*63.0.23 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 2...66 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 1...47 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 1...79 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 9...133 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 7...42 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 4...91 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...111 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 2...133 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 5...133 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 6...131 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 3...133 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 2...55 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 6...2 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 5...21 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...41 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 9...40 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...81 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...91 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 7...134 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 4...124 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 3...14 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 1...34 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...38 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 4...46 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 0...39 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 4...67 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*14.1.131 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...30 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*110.2.75 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*38.2.28 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†14.2.143 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*23.6.48 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*73.0.115 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*60.0.49 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 5...22 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 7...12 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 6...9 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 5...9 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*80.1.27 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 2...19 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.7.37 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.6.47 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.0.7 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 1...48 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 2...15 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...62 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...20 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...51 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...98 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...66 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...74 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...77 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 8...134 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*32.5.48 Slovenia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 340 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...53.0 GDP (US$ billions...350.8 GDP per capita (US$...6, 621 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 69 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.56.4.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..53.4.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..52.4.4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..50.4.3 Basic requirements (40.0%).89.4.3 Institutions...36.4.5 Infrastructure...60.4.3 Macroeconomic environment...89.4.5 Health and primary education...132.4.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).43.4.4 Higher education and training...86.4.0 Goods market efficiency...32.4.7 Labor market efficiency...113.3.8 Financial market development...7...5. 4 Technological readiness...66.3.9 Market size...25.4.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).37.4.1 Business sophistication...31.4.5 Innovation...43.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...19.8 Inadequately educated workforce...16.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.8 Corruption...11.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...9. 8 Policy instability...7. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 0 Crime and theft...2. 5 Access to financing...2. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 1 Inflation...1. 5 Tax regulations...1. 5 Poor public health...1. 2 Tax rates...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 2 South africa South africa Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development South africa Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 341 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*19.0.90 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...65 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 8...23 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 0...76 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...42 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 0...104 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 1...62 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*40.7.85 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 6...67 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 0...31 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...2. 5...144 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...2. 7...139 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 1...143 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*9. 3...33 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 5...15 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 7...136 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 5...21 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 7...50 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...39 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 77.84 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 1...6 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 3...21 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 4...3 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 5...32 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 2...37 8. 06 Soundness of banks...6. 5...6 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...6. 4...1 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 5...39 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 4...29 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...50 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*48.9.69 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 1...89 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 7...126 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.2.74 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...24 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...34 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*596.5.25 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.3.92 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...47 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 9...38 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 2...44 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...62 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 8...68 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...35 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 5...38 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 2...24 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 5...27 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 3...35 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 7...34 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 4...48 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 5...31 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 0...112 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...102 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*6. 5...45 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 6...20 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 3...22 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...96 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 6...90 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 5...48 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 4...24 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...104 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 8...89 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...120 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 2...15 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 9...9 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...35 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...30 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 8...133 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...99 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 6...102 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 7...35 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...6. 7...1 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...6. 0...3 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...6. 1...2 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 0...10 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 5...59 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...37 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 4...44 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 9...46 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 0...11 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 117.0.28 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 6...99 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*147.5.25 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*9. 2...90 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 3...97 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*13.5.119 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...102 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.2.77 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*59.1.51 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*32.5.27 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 1...30 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 003.0.143 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 7...136 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*17.9.140 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 4...136 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*33.3.105 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*56.1.129 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 4...133 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*85.0.118 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*101.9.24 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*19.2.93 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 2...140 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...1. 9...144 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 2...24 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 2...117 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 5...44 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 9...18 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...36 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 0...48 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 1...14 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 3...26 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*30.1.41 South africa  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 342 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...46.6 GDP (US$ billions...1, 358.7 GDP per capita (US$...29,150 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 60 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.35.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..35.4.6 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..36.4.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..36.4.5 Basic requirements (20.0%).42.5.0 Institutions...73.3.8 Infrastructure...9...6. 0 Macroeconomic environment...121.3.8 Health and primary education...34.6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).31.4.7 Higher education and training...29.5.2 Goods market efficiency...75.4.3 Labor market efficiency...100.3.9 Financial market development...91.3.8 Technological readiness...27.5.4 Market size...14.5.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).39.4.1 Business sophistication...38.4.4 Innovation...37.3.7 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...26.7 Restrictive labor regulations...14.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.6 Tax rates...12.8 Corruption...9. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 0 Tax regulations...6. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 5 Policy instability...1. 5 Government instability/coups...0. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 4 Inflation...0. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Crime and theft...0. 0 Spain Spain Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Spain Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 343 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*23.0.99 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...84 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...61 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 9...48 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 2...90 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 8...34 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*31.6.114 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 5...71 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...68 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...93 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 2...117 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 3...116 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*17.4.86 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...130 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 2...127 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...59 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...107 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 8...103 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.57 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 9...51 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...62 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 9...102 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 7...132 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...100 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...112 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 2...66 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 6...37 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 9...52 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...65 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*71.6.36 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*25.6.25 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*102.4.28 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*67.1.23 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...14 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 8...19 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 391.3.14 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.9.82 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...26 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 0...32 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 0...55 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 1...40 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 7...23 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 2...51 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 6...34 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 7...39 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 5...96 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...60 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 5...37 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 3...52 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 8...57 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...102 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 2...11 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*39.6.26 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...56 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 6...77 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...90 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 2...117 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 4...50 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 2...97 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...78 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...113 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...123 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...90 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...86 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...105 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 0...83 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...37 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...44 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 8...20 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...84 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...81 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...74 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 7...94 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 9...13 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 9...11 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...6. 0...4 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 8...9 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 0...10 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*3, 755.5.10 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 3...21 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*106.9.80 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*40.7.23 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 2...128 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*18.9.75 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*93.9.130 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*59.7.50 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*14.0.33 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...6 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...15 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 8...25 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.4.7 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 1...62 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.7.7 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*130.8.2 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*84.6.8 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 4...88 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 9...85 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 9...3 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 8...51 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 7...35 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...96 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 5...35 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 3...30 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 3...54 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 9...130 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*58.6.127 Spain  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 344 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...20.8 GDP (US$ billions...65.8 GDP per capita (US$...3, 162 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 16 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.73.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..65.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..68.4.2 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..52.4.3 Basic requirements (40.0%).75.4.5 Institutions...62.3.9 Infrastructure...75.4.0 Macroeconomic environment...114.4.0 Health and primary education...45.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).75.4.0 Higher education and training...72.4.3 Goods market efficiency...39.4.6 Labor market efficiency...135.3.3 Financial market development...47.4.4 Technological readiness...94.3.2 Market size...61.3.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).43.4.0 Business sophistication...39.4.4 Innovation...46.3.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...13.1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.9 Tax regulations...9. 3 Inflation...8. 6 Tax rates...8. 4 Corruption...8. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 0 Policy instability...6. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 6 Crime and theft...3. 8 Foreign currency regulations...3. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 6 Government instability/coups...2. 4 Poor public health...0. 1 Sri lanka Sri lanka Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Sri lanka Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 345 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...44 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...105 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.3.117 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 8...57 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 2...19 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 0...69 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*39.7.89 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 2...27 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 1...22 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...39 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 4...41 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 0...124 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*58.5.140 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...50 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...37 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 8...32 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 9...108 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 5...122 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 48.128 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 3...31 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 7...45 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 8...15 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...65 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...66 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...25 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 4...56 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 9...70 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 9...53 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...53 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*21.9.100 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 0...96 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*5. 0...117 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 8...101 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 8...57 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...78 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*136.0.61 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*22.1.125 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 3...13 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 0...33 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...67 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...55 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 1...45 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...23 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 0...63 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 1...25 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...61 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 6...29 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 1...47 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 3...50 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...110 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 8...37 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 9...20 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 6...76 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...57 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 9...54 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 0...85 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 7...85 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 5...91 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...72 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 7...98 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 5...50 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 3...91 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 6...28 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...79 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...88 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...17 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 8...54 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 8...67 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...100 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...82 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 9...55 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 1...33 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 8...28 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 0...37 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 1...32 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 7...42 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...69 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...56 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*282.7.55 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 8...74 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*95.5.102 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*12.7.81 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 8...120 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*28.5.28 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 9...117 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*78.3.119 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*34.3.95 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 4...14 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 0...10 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*66.0.81 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 0...55 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 9...52 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*8. 3...51 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.1.71 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 8...32 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.8.72 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*99.3.38 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*17.0.98 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...22 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 8...29 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 8...35 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...101 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...55 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...56 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 8...16 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 0...50 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 2...57 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...66 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*55.1.124 Sri lanka  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 346 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...0. 5 GDP (US$ billions...5. 1 GDP per capita (US$...9, 240 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.110.3.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..106.3.8 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..114.3.7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..112.3.7 Basic requirements (39.4%).86.4.4 Institutions...104.3.4 Infrastructure...86.3.6 Macroeconomic environment...59.4.8 Health and primary education...73.5.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).121.3.4 Higher education and training...105.3.5 Goods market efficiency...129.3.7 Labor market efficiency...117.3.7 Financial market development...118.3.4 Technological readiness...72.3.7 Market size...137.2.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.6%).123.3.0 Business sophistication...122.3.4 Innovation...127.2.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.4 Corruption...16.7 Access to financing...13.7 Inadequately educated workforce...11.3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 7 Inflation...3. 9 Tax rates...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...3. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 0 Policy instability...3. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 0 Crime and theft...2. 6 Tax regulations...1. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Poor public health...0. 6 Suriname Suriname Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Suriname Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 347 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*13.135 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*208.0.144 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 3...116 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 9...16 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*11.7.121 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 8...116 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 8...112 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...111 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*56.3.49 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 6...126 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 0...104 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 7...122 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 0...72 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 0...126 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 8...32 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...83 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...120 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 7...104 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 8...112 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...77 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 61.114 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...121 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...111 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 6...111 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 4...111 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 0...126 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 1...58 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 0...125 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 2...109 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 0...116 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...122 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*37.4.90 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*6. 9...75 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*201.6.12 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*15.0.89 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 7...140 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...129 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*7. 2...135 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*53.5.41 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 3...100 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 7...118 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 1...120 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...109 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...123 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...105 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...118 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 3...127 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 0...131 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...125 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 6...126 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...111 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 9...119 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...116 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 0...133 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 5...81 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 3...122 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...128 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 9...88 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 0...127 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...104 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 8...64 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 3...129 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 4...122 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 2...93 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 0...115 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 9...103 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 3...122 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 2...15 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 3...78 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 1...58 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 4...54 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...108 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 6...131 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...130 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 2...129 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*2. 0...142 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 0...81 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...70 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 4...56 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 6...104 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*23.0.119 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 4...102 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*127.3.48 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*15.8.72 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†6. 0...122 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*n/a n/a 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.2.32 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*38.7.83 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*78.6.33 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 4...25 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*41.0.66 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 5...77 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 1...110 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 2...82 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*18.5.88 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.8.91 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 0...71 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.2.84 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*85.4.88 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*12.1.108 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...118 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 8...89 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 0...83 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 7...125 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...130 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...101 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...98 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...86 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 3...125 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...57 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*27.9.30 Suriname  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 348 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 1 GDP (US$ billions...3. 6 GDP per capita (US$...3, 313 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.123.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..124.3.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..135.3.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..134.3.3 Basic requirements (40.0%).108.3.9 Institutions...61.3.9 Infrastructure...97.3.3 Macroeconomic environment...60.4.8 Health and primary education...134.3.7 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).126.3.3 Higher education and training...120.3.2 Goods market efficiency...98.4.1 Labor market efficiency...105.3.9 Financial market development...71.4.0 Technological readiness...125.2.7 Market size...136.2.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).108.3.2 Business sophistication...101.3.6 Innovation...112.2.9 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...20.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.6 Corruption...12.8 Tax rates...11.6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 5 Inflation...4. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 8 Tax regulations...3. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 0 Poor public health...3. 0 Foreign currency regulations...1. 0 Crime and theft...0. 8 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Policy instability...0. 0 Swaziland Swaziland Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Swaziland Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 349 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*12.131 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*38.0.124 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 6...95 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...36 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 1...79 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 8...58 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 9...106 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 5...102 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*68.8.33 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...104 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...78 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 3...72 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 5...109 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 8...81 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*14.6.67 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...69 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 7...93 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...62 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 8...114 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 2...87 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 62.110 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 4...66 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 2...60 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...66 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...81 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...74 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 9...65 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 0...77 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*6...63 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 9...121 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 9...119 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 8...118 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*24.7.97 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 3...115 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 2...129 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 7...126 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 8...138 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...130 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*6. 8...137 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*55.8.37 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 9...125 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 9...102 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 4...100 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 3...82 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...108 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...114 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...85 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 6...111 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...63 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...93 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 9...116 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...104 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...85 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...87 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 7...141 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...92 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 3...58 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 8...59 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 4...62 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 3...54 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...73 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 5...83 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...64 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 0...81 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...60 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 9...55 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...59 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...79 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 3...71 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...69 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 8...68 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 6...50 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 1...59 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 8...64 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...75 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...56 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 0...78 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...41 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 5...43 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 0...79 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...88 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*0. 3...144 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 1...90 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*71.5.119 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*3. 7...108 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 7...33 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*15.5.102 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 6...99 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*18.8.17 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*22.8.124 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*43.1.30 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 1...52 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 349.0.144 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...2. 4...144 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*26.5.143 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...2. 1...144 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*55.7.127 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*48.9.141 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 4...49 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*84.7.119 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*59.9.114 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*6. 0...125 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...64 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 0...78 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 4...122 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 1...119 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 3...121 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...79 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 5...115 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...111 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 4...116 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...62 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*36.5.67 Swaziland  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 350 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...9. 6 GDP (US$ billions...557.9 GDP per capita (US$...57,909 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 46 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.10.5.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..6...5. 5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..4...5. 5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..3...5. 6 Basic requirements (20.0%).12.5.9 Institutions...13.5.4 Infrastructure...22.5.5 Macroeconomic environment...17.6.1 Health and primary education...23.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).12.5.2 Higher education and training...14.5.6 Goods market efficiency...17.5.0 Labor market efficiency...20.4.8 Financial market development...12.5.2 Technological readiness...3...6. 2 Market size...36.4.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).7...5. 4 Business sophistication...8...5. 4 Innovation...7...5. 4 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...16.5 Tax regulations...13.6 Restrictive labor regulations...13.5 Access to financing...11.0 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 5 Foreign currency regulations...2. 7 Policy instability...2. 4 Corruption...1. 9 Inflation...1. 3 Government instability/coups...1. 1 Poor public health...1. 1 Crime and theft...1. 0 Sweden Sweden Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Sweden Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 351 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*16.0.79 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 6...12 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 6...41 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 2...34 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 0...25 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...17 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.7.94 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 4...18 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 5...12 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 4...17 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 6...134 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 5...100 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*14.4.66 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...30 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...88 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 9...9 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 8...17 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...4. 3...26 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 94.14 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 6...20 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...16 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 8...13 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 1...10 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 2...11 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 8...26 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...20 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 4...7 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 0...9 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...60 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*94.8.3 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*32.6.14 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*374.8.6 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*104.9.8 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...35 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...36 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*396.8.34 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*43.5.60 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...54 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...10 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 7...20 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 6...15 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 3...7 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 9...10 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 0...8 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 7...6 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 6...4 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 5...6 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 5...14 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 4...6 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 3...11 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...26 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 9...19 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*300.8.3 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 7...18 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 5...19 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 5...15 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 3...11 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 7...20 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 7...17 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 0...9 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 8...10 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 0...20 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 4...13 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 7...14 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 2...13 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 8...45 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 2...39 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 6...36 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 7...24 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 8...12 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 9...14 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 6...11 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 5...9 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 7...18 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 5...20 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 5...19 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 6...18 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 7...21 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*582.7.38 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 3...22 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*124.4.49 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*40.6.24 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 0...36 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*24.3.44 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 0...69 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.4.68 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*92.8.5 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*7. 2...20 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 6...18 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...19 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*2. 3...6 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.7.10 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...38 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.5.10 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*98.4.40 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*70.0.27 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...26 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 4...49 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 2...23 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 3...8 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 4...15 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 1...10 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...41 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 5...22 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 2...10 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 3...28 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*52.0.119 Sweden  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 352 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...8. 0 GDP (US$ billions...650.8 GDP per capita (US$...81,324 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 43 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.1.5.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..1...5. 7 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..1...5. 7 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..1...5. 7 Basic requirements (20.0%).4...6. 2 Institutions...9...5. 6 Infrastructure...5...6. 2 Macroeconomic environment...12.6.4 Health and primary education...11.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).5...5. 5 Higher education and training...4...6. 0 Goods market efficiency...8...5. 4 Labor market efficiency...1...5. 8 Financial market development...11.5.3 Technological readiness...10.6.0 Market size...39.4.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).1...5. 7 Business sophistication...2...5. 8 Innovation...2...5. 7 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce...21.2 Restrictive labor regulations...11.6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.3 Policy instability...10.9 Tax regulations...10.3 Access to financing...9. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 9 Tax rates...5. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 9 Inflation...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 2 Corruption...0. 0 Switzerland Switzerland Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Switzerland Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 353 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*18.0.84 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...68 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 0...107 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*3. 5...47 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 2...35 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 9...31 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 2...18 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*38.8.93 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...6. 0...2 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...5. 0...3 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...6. 2...1 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 7...15 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 7...2 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...11 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 3...5 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 9...7 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 8...1 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...6. 1...1 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 87.43 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 5...1 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...6. 1...1 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 8...16 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...28 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 4...25 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 9...21 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...19 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 4...6 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 0...6 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 0...35 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*86.7.11 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*43.0.1 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*314.1.8 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*44.3.46 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 3...42 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 3...35 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*371.6.36 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*49.6.47 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 5...5 11.02 Local supplier quality...6. 1...2 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 4...6 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 4...2 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 9...3 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 3...4 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 4...1 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 9...5 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 3...8 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 9...1 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...6. 4...1 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 9...1 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 8...3 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...31 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 8...24 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*315.0.1 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 2...3 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...6. 0...4 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 9...9 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...5. 3...8 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 2...10 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 1...11 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 8...10 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...4. 8...11 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 2...12 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 6...8 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 9...8 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 6...7 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...34 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 6...19 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 9...22 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 2...5 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...6. 2...5 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 7...18 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 4...19 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...32 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 0...130 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 6...1 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 0...9 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...6. 6...2 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 9...44 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 1...8 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*968.7.29 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 8...1 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*133.8.40 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*57.9.6 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*0. 0...24 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*30.7.23 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 2...74 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.4.84 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*94.2.2 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*6. 0...13 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 8...4 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 6...11 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 7...24 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*82.7.5 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 9...4 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.4.77 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*96.3.50 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*55.6.47 5. 03 Quality of the education system...6. 0...1 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 9...4 5. 05 Quality of management schools...6. 2...1 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 1...13 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...6. 5...1 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 7...1 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 7...19 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...6. 0...1 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 0...18 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...5. 3...7 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*29.1.35 Switzerland  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 354 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...23.4 GDP (US$ billions...489.2 GDP per capita (US$...20,930 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.14.5.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..12.5.3 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..13.5.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..13.5.3 Basic requirements (20.0%).14.5.7 Institutions...27.4.8 Infrastructure...11.5.8 Macroeconomic environment...23.5.8 Health and primary education...13.6.5 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).16.5.1 Higher education and training...12.5.6 Goods market efficiency...11.5.2 Labor market efficiency...32.4.6 Financial market development...18.4.9 Technological readiness...30.5.2 Market size...17.5.2 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).13.5.1 Business sophistication...17.5.1 Innovation...10.5.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Policy instability...20.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...15.6 Restrictive labor regulations...12.8 Tax regulations...6. 4 Tax rates...5. 5 Foreign currency regulations...4. 3 Inflation...4. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Government instability/coups...2. 5 Access to financing...1. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 5 Corruption...1. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 3 Crime and theft...0. 2 Poor public health...0. 0 Taiwan, China Taiwan, China Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Taiwan, China Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 355 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 1 See the â€oetechnical Notes and Sources†section INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*3...10 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*10.0.52 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...49 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 8...21 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 2...70 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 2...32 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 3...16 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 5...10 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*63.7.42 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 6...8 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 3...14 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 1...23 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 5...31 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...21 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*22.6.105 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...49 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 1...7 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 3...24 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 8...46 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 5...65 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 75.89 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 4...25 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 6...11 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 5...2 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...26 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 9...15 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...32 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 4...21 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 2...49 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 5...26 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 8...47 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*80.0.24 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*24.2.30 30 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*65.1.41 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*57.1.32 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 0...19 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 1...11 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*929.5.20 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*72.9.23 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 5...7 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...11 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 6...2 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 2...22 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 8...21 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 5...28 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 5...18 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 2...22 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 3...32 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 8...23 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...5. 2...22 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 6...18 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 1...14 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 1...24 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 0...14 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*n/a1...n/a INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 7...16 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 1...26 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 4...34 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 9...30 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 2...31 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 2...49 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 1...21 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 6...43 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...34 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 1...48 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...75 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 4...9 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 9...33 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 7...11 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 8...28 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 0...37 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 9...29 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 7...20 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 0...36 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 1...20 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 5...24 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 9...12 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...5. 7...7 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 3...25 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 3...36 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*1, 146.9.27 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 2...28 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*127.5.46 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*71.2.1 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 2...80 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*30.9.22 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.0.64 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*79.6.21 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*49.4.72 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 1...46 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...58 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 4...24 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*3. 9...26 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*79.9.29 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 3...18 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.7.35 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*100.3.36 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*83.9.9 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 9...56 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 3...14 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 8...36 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 1...12 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 4...14 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...41 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 1...2 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 4...5 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 0...19 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 2...33 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.0.58 Taiwan, China  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 356 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...8. 1 GDP (US$ billions...8. 5 GDP per capita (US$...1, 045 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 02 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.91.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148...n/a n/a GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..100.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..105.3.8 Basic requirements (60.0%).94.4.2 Institutions...65.3.9 Infrastructure...120.2.7 Macroeconomic environment...69.4.7 Health and primary education...83.5.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).111.3.5 Higher education and training...88.4.0 Goods market efficiency...114.4.0 Labor market efficiency...63.4.2 Financial market development...113.3.4 Technological readiness...116.2.8 Market size...116.2.8 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).81.3.5 Business sophistication...82.3.8 Innovation...80.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...20.5 Corruption...17.7 Tax rates...15.8 Tax regulations...15.4 Inflation...4. 9 Foreign currency regulations...4. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...2. 5 Crime and theft...2. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 8 Policy instability...1. 7 Government instability/coups...1. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 4 Poor public health...0. 3 Tajikistan Tajikistan Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Tajikistan Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 357 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*33.0.116 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 0...43 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 7...133 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 7...73 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 4...125 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 6...121 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...98 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*64.8.39 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 2...97 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...50 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 5...54 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 8...89 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 1...45 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*15.5.74 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...109 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 4...38 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 5...116 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 5...62 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 5...68 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 77.80 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 0...97 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 0...83 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 0...97 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...22 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 2...38 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 4...94 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 1...119 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*2...137 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 1...111 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 0...117 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...101 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*16.0.111 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...132 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 6...119 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*n/a n/a 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...110 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...125 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*19.1.119 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.5.120 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...48 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 6...58 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 3...106 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 5...67 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...97 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...102 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 6...86 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 8...100 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 9...51 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 8...62 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...88 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 8...101 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...91 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 9...33 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 7...90 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 9...87 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...67 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 7...51 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 8...33 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 6...88 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...74 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 5...43 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 9...28 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...4. 1...18 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 9...54 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...55 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...95 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 6...108 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 4...73 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 8...66 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 9...86 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...67 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...116 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 9...123 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...112 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 4...107 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 0...109 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 0...53 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 1...140 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...91 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*68.4.95 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 6...122 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*91.8.107 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*5. 2...106 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 8...34 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*13.7.116 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 0...91 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.2.33 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*19.9.129 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 2...11 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 9...37 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*193.0.118 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 6...104 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 0...89 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*49.0.124 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*67.3.106 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 7...87 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.4.25 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*87.0.78 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*22.5.89 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 8...58 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 8...92 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 6...108 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 1...78 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...81 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...103 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 3...122 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...73 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...95 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 1...123 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*86.0.141 Tajikistan  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 358 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...46.3 GDP (US$ billions...32.5 GDP per capita (US$...703 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 09 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.121.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..125.3.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..120.3.6 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..120.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).124.3.7 Institutions...93.3.5 Infrastructure...130.2.3 Macroeconomic environment...109.4.1 Health and primary education...108.4.9 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).114.3.4 Higher education and training...134.2.4 Goods market efficiency...122.3.9 Labor market efficiency...47.4.4 Financial market development...96.3.7 Technological readiness...131.2.5 Market size...75.3.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).107.3.3 Business sophistication...112.3.5 Innovation...98.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...17.0 Access to financing...16.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.3 Tax rates...10.3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.0 Tax regulations...6. 7 Inflation...6. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7 Crime and theft...2. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 6 Poor public health...1. 1 Policy instability...1. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Tanzania Tanzania Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Tanzania Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 359 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*26.0.105 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...101 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...125 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*9. 7...104 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 1...104 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 3...82 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 2...123 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*45.2.76 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 9...117 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 1...101 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 8...117 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...105 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...73 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*9. 3...33 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...105 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...122 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 7...106 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...98 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 3...84 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 99.6 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...122 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...116 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 2...82 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...86 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...81 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 2...107 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 5...104 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...126 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 8...129 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...99 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*4. 4...133 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...128 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*6. 5...111 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*2. 7...117 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 5...71 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...89 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*79.4.76 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*24.6.115 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 1...115 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 8...112 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 4...98 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...108 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 5...102 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...119 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...111 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...117 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...105 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 4...102 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 6...80 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...86 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 4...83 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 3...84 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...98 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...116 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 5...105 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 3...91 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 8...91 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 9...78 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 9...124 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 2...96 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...61 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 9...84 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 6...61 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 7...64 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...78 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...111 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 7...99 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 1...88 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...77 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 5...108 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...116 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 8...119 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 0...116 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 6...106 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 2...117 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 0...112 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 0...88 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 3...106 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 8...131 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*81.9.87 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 5...125 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*55.7.135 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 3...136 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 6...115 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*19.9.69 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 9...125 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.0.65 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*31.9.103 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*17,370. 2...59 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 0...72 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*165.0.111 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 2...120 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*5. 1...132 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 8...131 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*37.7.109 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*60.8.124 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 5...132 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.6.38 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*35.0.132 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*3. 9...134 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 0...109 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 4...137 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 2...126 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 8...124 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 5...109 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 5...116 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 3...123 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...95 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 8...96 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...96 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*44.9.101 Tanzania  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 360 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...68.2 GDP (US$ billions...387.2 GDP per capita (US$...5, 674 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 77 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.31.4.7 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..37.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..38.4.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..39.4.5 Basic requirements (40.0%).40.5.0 Institutions...84.3.7 Infrastructure...48.4.6 Macroeconomic environment...19.6.0 Health and primary education...66.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).39.4.5 Higher education and training...59.4.6 Goods market efficiency...30.4.7 Labor market efficiency...66.4.2 Financial market development...34.4.6 Technological readiness...65.3.9 Market size...22.5.1 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).54.3.8 Business sophistication...41.4.4 Innovation...67.3.3 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...21.4 Government instability/coups...21.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.7 Policy instability...11.8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Access to financing...3. 4 Tax rates...2. 6 Tax regulations...2. 4 Crime and theft...1. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 5 Inflation...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 1 Thailand Thailand Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Thailand Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 361 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*4...22 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*27.5.108 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 1...124 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...55 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 8...84 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...70 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 1...22 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 9...74 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*78.9.25 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 4...17 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 1...23 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 9...32 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 3...116 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 4...23 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*36.0.133 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...60 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 2...50 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 5...51 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...4. 1...33 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...36 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 83.67 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 3...28 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 0...35 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 6...18 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 6...23 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 0...44 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...37 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...27 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*5...85 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 7...74 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 9...55 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 2...15 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*28.9.96 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 4...72 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*37.4.65 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*52.3.38 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 8...23 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 9...16 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*673.7.24 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*74.2.22 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 0...25 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 5...62 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 2...40 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 2...33 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 3...38 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 4...41 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 2...51 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...43 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 2...36 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...70 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...61 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...56 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 0...46 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...114 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...54 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 2...67 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 1...72 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...104 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...108 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 9...129 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 7...84 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 8...68 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 8...88 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...115 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 3...89 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...62 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...72 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...100 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 1...121 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 2...84 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 5...89 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 2...113 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...92 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 1...47 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 7...60 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 9...25 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*7. 7...12 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 1...76 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 5...50 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 4...74 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 5...54 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 3...37 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 575.3.15 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 1...58 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*138.0.34 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*9. 0...91 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 2...27 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*28.5.27 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.3.78 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*63.5.43 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*209.6.39 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 4...24 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*119.0.99 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 7...99 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 1...110 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 6...105 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*11.4.61 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.2.70 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 6...90 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.6.58 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*87.0.79 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*51.2.54 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 4...87 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 9...81 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 1...81 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 6...61 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 2...69 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 4...37 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 4...38 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 8...67 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 1...67 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...54 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*29.8.37 Thailand  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 362 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 2 GDP (US$ billions...6. 1 GDP per capita (US$...5, 177 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.136.3.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..138.3.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..136.3.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..131.3.4 Basic requirements (40.0%).122.3.7 Institutions...125.3.2 Infrastructure...133.2.1 Macroeconomic environment...49.5.1 Health and primary education...124.4.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).141.2.8 Higher education and training...133.2.5 Goods market efficiency...134.3.6 Labor market efficiency...122.3.7 Financial market development...138.2.7 Technological readiness...141.2.2 Market size...130.2.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).136.2.7 Business sophistication...137.3.0 Innovation...135.2.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...16.9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...14.8 Corruption...14.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.3 Inadequately educated workforce...12.6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 1 Policy instability...4. 1 Crime and theft...3. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 3 Tax rates...2. 2 Poor public health...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4 Government instability/coups...1. 1 Inflation...0. 9 Tax regulations...0. 9 Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Timor-Leste Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 363 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*8...93 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*94.0.139 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...106 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 2...93 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 5...39 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 2...97 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 6...119 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 1...126 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*17.9.141 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 4...135 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 5...132 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...110 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 5...110 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 4...107 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...59 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 7...91 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 2...130 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 6...58 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 6...60 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 49.127 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 9...136 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 9...139 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...129 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...94 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...76 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 5...129 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...131 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*2...137 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 0...142 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 3...139 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 4...138 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*1. 1...144 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...134 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*17.5.87 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 4...129 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 7...106 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*1. 5...144 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*25.8.110 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*1. 0...144 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 5...140 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 0...138 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...124 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...90 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...137 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 0...141 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 4...141 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 6...141 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 0...130 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...133 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 3...138 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...130 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 6...130 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 2...90 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...2. 6...143 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 3...88 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 8...132 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 5...135 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...75 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...75 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 1...111 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 3...93 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...112 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 7...94 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...100 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 1...113 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 8...111 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 2...129 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 9...92 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 8...99 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 3...98 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 6...104 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 5...114 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 0...138 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 3...141 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 8...141 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 9...129 2. 02 Quality of roads...1. 9...144 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 2...138 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 2...143 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2. 6...140 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 0...109 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*57.4.133 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 3...138 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*36.1.1 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*63.1.1 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*10.6.137 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*n/a n/a 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*19.7.131 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*8, 347.5.55 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...2. 9...73 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*498.0.137 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...3. 3...142 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*n/a n/a 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 5...135 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*47.8.121 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*67.0.107 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 0...142 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.1.99 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*56.6.116 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*17.7.97 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 4...136 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 1...141 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 1...143 5. 06 Internet access in schools...2. 5...130 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 7...141 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 0...136 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...3. 8...138 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...130 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 2...132 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...51 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*11.0.2 Timor-Leste  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 364 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...1. 3 GDP (US$ billions...27.7 GDP per capita (US$...20,611 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.89.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..92.3.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..84.4.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..81.4.0 Basic requirements (20.0%).52.4.8 Institutions...95.3.5 Infrastructure...52.4.5 Macroeconomic environment...38.5.4 Health and primary education...59.5.9 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).81.3.9 Higher education and training...77.4.2 Goods market efficiency...101.4.1 Labor market efficiency...96.4.0 Financial market development...52.4.3 Technological readiness...64.4.0 Market size...112.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).88.3.5 Business sophistication...69.3.9 Innovation...100.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...19.2 Corruption...18.4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...17.9 Crime and theft...15.5 Access to financing...6. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 1 Foreign currency regulations...2. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 7 Policy instability...1. 6 Tax rates...1. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 5 Inflation...0. 9 Poor public health...0. 8 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Tax regulations...0. 2 Trinidad and tobago Trinidadâ andâ Tobago Latin america and the Caribbean Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Trinidad and tobago Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 365 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*7...78 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*37.5.123 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 2...117 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 0...13 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*12.9.127 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 5...74 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...55 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 1...127 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*63.9.41 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 3...138 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...75 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 5...133 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 6...100 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 7...83 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.5.96 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...22 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 3...124 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...61 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...75 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 8...48 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 72.92 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 5...64 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 3...53 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 5...64 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...102 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...109 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...40 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...95 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 2...52 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 6...71 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 6...70 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*63.8.46 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*14.6.48 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*17.2.88 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*18.9.80 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 4...124 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 1...84 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*27.5.107 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*88.4.13 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...37 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 3...76 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 6...84 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...111 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...90 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 1...58 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 2...50 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 2...70 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 5...97 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...105 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...93 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 6...117 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...106 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...118 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 4...39 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 0...72 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 1...69 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 2...94 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 5...114 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 0...123 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 3...106 1. 06 Judicial independence...4. 6...41 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 1...137 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...114 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...70 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 5...83 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 1...90 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...98 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 4...63 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 3...141 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 0...112 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 1...117 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...125 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 3...87 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...110 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 5...116 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 7...22 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 6...52 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 0...66 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 2...65 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 8...57 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*63.8.96 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 4...51 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*144.9.29 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*21.7.54 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 3...58 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*24.2.46 46 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...93 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*30.6.37 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*64.7.42 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*24.0.53 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 7...65 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*1. 6...121 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 7...102 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*18.4.86 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*69.8.98 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 6...43 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.2.63 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*85.5.86 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*12.0.109 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 2...44 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 7...35 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 8...33 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 5...64 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 3...61 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 2...51 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...62 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 5...94 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 6...106 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 4...20 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*29.1.35 Trinidad and tobago  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 366 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...10.9 GDP (US$ billions...47.4 GDP per capita (US$...4, 345 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 13 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.87.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..83.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144...n/a n/a GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142...n/a n/a Basic requirements (40.0%).85.4.4 Institutions...81.3.7 Infrastructure...79.3.8 Macroeconomic environment...111.4.0 Health and primary education...53.6.0 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).94.3.7 Higher education and training...73.4.3 Goods market efficiency...107.4.0 Labor market efficiency...129.3.5 Financial market development...117.3.4 Technological readiness...90.3.4 Market size...64.3.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).93.3.4 Business sophistication...88.3.8 Innovation...99.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...12.7 Access to financing...12.3 Policy instability...11.8 Restrictive labor regulations...8. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 6 Corruption...6. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 4 Government instability/coups...5. 4 Tax regulations...5. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 6 Tax rates...4. 5 Foreign currency regulations...4. 4 Inflation...4. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 0 Crime and theft...1. 9 Poor public health...0. 1 Tunisia Tunisia Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Tunisia Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 367 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*11.0.57 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...105 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 9...124 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*16.3.138 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 4...81 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 6...49 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 4...106 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*58.0.44 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 3...89 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 2...91 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 8...118 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 2...119 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 5...97 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*12.1.52 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...71 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 6...97 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 8...94 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 0...95 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 8...104 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 36.134 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 7...120 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...91 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 6...57 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...70 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...68 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 5...128 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...90 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*3...113 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 7...79 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 5...79 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 4...84 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*43.8.78 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*4. 8...81 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*19.1.84 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*26.1.71 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 6...63 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 6...69 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*108.4.67 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*46.5.53 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 6...75 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...89 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...88 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...91 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 8...70 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 0...68 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...96 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 8...101 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...103 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 3...107 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 1...109 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...95 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 9...117 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 1...103 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 7...26 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*1. 2...68 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 0...76 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...102 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 5...56 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 1...63 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 8...77 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 6...75 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...60 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 3...64 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...66 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 6...75 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 4...63 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 8...90 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 3...133 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 6...107 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 2...103 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...70 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 9...75 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 5...78 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 1...108 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 0...82 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 0...45 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 9...83 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 7...83 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 3...48 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 9...83 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 2...77 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*190.7.67 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 0...65 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*115.6.63 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*9. 3...89 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 9...121 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.9.106 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 1...108 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*44.4.75 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*44.4.73 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*31.0.60 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 6...73 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 7...67 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*13.8.70 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.1.56 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 9...72 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.9.13 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*91.1.67 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*35.2.73 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 7...68 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 7...32 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 4...61 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...96 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 8...89 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 7...99 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 8...92 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...77 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 0...71 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...69 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*62.4.129 Tunisia  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 368 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...76.5 GDP (US$ billions...827.2 GDP per capita (US$...10,815 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...1. 35 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.45.4.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..44.4.5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..43.4.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..59.4.3 Basic requirements (35.5%).56.4.8 Institutions...64.3.9 Infrastructure...51.4.6 Macroeconomic environment...58.4.8 Health and primary education...69.5.8 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).45.4.4 Higher education and training...50.4.7 Goods market efficiency...43.4.6 Labor market efficiency...131.3.5 Financial market development...58.4.2 Technological readiness...55.4.3 Market size...16.5.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (14.5%).51.3.9 Business sophistication...50.4.3 Innovation...56.3.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.7 Policy instability...11.5 Inadequately educated workforce...10.9 Tax rates...10.8 Access to financing...9. 2 Foreign currency regulations...7. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...6. 7 Tax regulations...6. 6 Corruption...5. 1 Government instability/coups...5. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...4. 4 Inflation...4. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 2 Poor public health...1. 0 Crime and theft...0. 9 Turkey Turkey Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Turkey Emerging and Developing Europe  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 369 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 0...21 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 7...77 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...77 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 1...69 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 1...102 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 4...71 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 8...83 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*33.1.106 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 1...32 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 5...67 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...96 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 3...49 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...67 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*29.8.128 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...98 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 8...81 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...63 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 2...86 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 9...100 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 43.130 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 2...35 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 9...37 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 9...45 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 9...64 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 5...90 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 7...38 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 6...48 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...5. 3...45 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 2...37 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...28 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*46.3.72 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*11.2.59 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*65.5.40 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*32.3.62 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 2...16 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 5...26 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*1, 174.2.16 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.6.118 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 3...14 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 7...49 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 3...36 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 2...95 11.05 Value chain breadth...4. 0...54 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 6...26 11.07 Production process sophistication...4. 5...36 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 6...42 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...88 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 7...77 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 9...64 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...89 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 7...61 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 2...17 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 2...59 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*6. 8...42 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 6...47 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 7...72 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...74 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 1...62 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...4. 3...54 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 1...101 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 2...59 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 7...37 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 5...71 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...56 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 5...52 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 4...42 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 0...123 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...67 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 4...90 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 6...103 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...68 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 8...66 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...79 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 3...57 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*6. 3...34 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 1...33 2. 02 Quality of roads...4. 9...40 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 1...49 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 4...57 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 4...34 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*2, 503.6.17 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 8...72 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*93.0.105 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*18.1.65 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†1. 5...43 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*13.7.117 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 5...122 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.8.53 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*55.5.60 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*0. 0...1 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...6. 2...7 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*22.0.49 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 1...49 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 1...41 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*12.2.63 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.9.59 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 5...94 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*94.0.68 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*86.1.84 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*69.4.28 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 4...89 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 5...98 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...100 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 7...58 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...57 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 8...91 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 9...11 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...39 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 7...26 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...90 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*40.2.78 Turkey  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 370 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...36.8 GDP (US$ billions...23.1 GDP per capita (US$...626 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 06 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.122.3.6 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..129.3.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..123.3.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..121.3.6 Basic requirements (60.0%).126.3.6 Institutions...115.3.3 Infrastructure...129.2.3 Macroeconomic environment...96.4.4 Health and primary education...122.4.4 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).110.3.5 Higher education and training...129.2.7 Goods market efficiency...119.3.9 Labor market efficiency...27.4.7 Financial market development...81.3.8 Technological readiness...119.2.8 Market size...86.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).104.3.3 Business sophistication...109.3.5 Innovation...96.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...22.5 Access to financing...14.0 Tax rates...13.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...11.5 Inflation...8. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 1 Tax regulations...3. 2 Crime and theft...2. 8 Poor public health...2. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 8 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 7 Policy instability...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Uganda Uganda Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Uganda Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 371 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*15.141 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*32.0.112 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 8...71 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...62 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*9. 0...99 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 2...33 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 9...30 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 8...84 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*36.2.100 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...102 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 4...136 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 1...91 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 2...2 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 9...10 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...74 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 2...126 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 9...88 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 8...113 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 0...95 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 96.9 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 1...86 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 5...121 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 1...85 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...93 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 2...106 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 6...83 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 7...92 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...98 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...110 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...56 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*16.2.110 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...126 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 2...121 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 4...102 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...82 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 7...105 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*54.6.87 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*19.2.131 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 7...59 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 5...129 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...86 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 8...121 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...93 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...100 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...115 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 4...119 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 1...124 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...90 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 6...78 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 9...97 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 7...62 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...72 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 5...105 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...112 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 4...112 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...124 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 0...134 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 5...94 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 8...128 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 0...106 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 6...103 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 5...109 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 7...42 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 8...61 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...84 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 9...80 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...3. 6...131 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 4...118 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 1...108 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...95 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 8...83 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 9...114 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 6...63 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 4...123 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 7...98 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 5...104 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 2...105 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 5...101 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 8...118 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 2...124 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*49.6.101 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 9...114 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*44.1.138 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 6...132 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†3. 7...87 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*14.7.109 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 4...97 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.9.49 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*32.2.101 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*24,487. 0...65 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 3...65 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*179.0.115 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 3...115 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*7. 2...134 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 1...141 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*45.4.117 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*58.6.125 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 9...115 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*90.9.100 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*27.6.138 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*9. 1...118 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 6...78 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 1...117 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 8...96 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 2...116 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 7...98 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 6...110 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 2...55 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 1...124 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 5...40 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 4...94 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*36.6.68 Uganda  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 372 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...45.4 GDP (US$ billions...177.8 GDP per capita (US$...3, 919 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 39 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.76.4.1 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..84.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..73.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..82.4.0 Basic requirements (40.0%).87.4.4 Institutions...130.3.0 Infrastructure...68.4.2 Macroeconomic environment...105.4.1 Health and primary education...43.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).67.4.1 Higher education and training...40.4.9 Goods market efficiency...112.4.0 Labor market efficiency...80.4.1 Financial market development...107.3.5 Technological readiness...85.3.5 Market size...38.4.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%).92.3.4 Business sophistication...99.3.7 Innovation...81.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption...17.8 Policy instability...14.0 Access to financing...13.9 Government instability/coups...10.5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 8 Inflation...8. 0 Tax rates...7. 7 Tax regulations...4. 3 Foreign currency regulations...4. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 8 Crime and theft...1. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 7 Poor public health...1. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Ukraine Ukraine Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Ukraine Commonwealth of independent states  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 373 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*21.0.96 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 4...104 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 1...106 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*2. 8...43 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 5...122 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 5...125 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 3...118 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*51.9.60 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 5...72 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...73 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 8...119 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...4. 9...77 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...64 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*13.0.57 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 6...135 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 5...31 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 5...115 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 3...132 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 3...130 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.52 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 9...102 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 5...123 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 7...108 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 6...87 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 3...97 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 0...138 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 9...127 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 1...113 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 2...100 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 7...127 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*41.8.82 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*8. 8...68 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*52.9.50 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 4...107 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...37 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 2...38 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*336.8.41 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*46.5.54 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 5...80 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...83 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 0...128 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 0...107 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 7...79 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...82 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 5...95 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...79 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 2...123 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 6...82 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 8...67 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 1...66 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...74 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 9...123 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...48 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*3. 2...52 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 7...135 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 7...129 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 4...124 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...96 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 0...118 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 0...140 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...116 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 9...138 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 9...115 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 6...129 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 3...131 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 6...104 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 4...117 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 9...97 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 6...126 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 6...135 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 7...98 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 7...124 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 4...86 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...2. 8...139 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 1...75 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 2...139 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 3...25 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 3...107 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 8...99 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*229.7.61 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 9...69 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*138.1.33 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*26.2.45 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†4. 5...99 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*6. 0...134 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 3...75 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.0.66 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*31.5.105 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*93.0.90 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 8...98 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 9...106 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 0...86 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*9. 2...54 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*70.9.88 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...40 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*97.9.31 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*97.8.41 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*79.7.13 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 7...72 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 8...30 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 9...88 5. 06 Internet access in schools...4. 3...67 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 9...84 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 8...92 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...101 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 0...129 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 0...136 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 7...137 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*54.9.123 Ukraine  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 374 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...9. 0 GDP (US$ billions...396.2 GDP per capita (US$...43,876 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 31 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.12.5.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..19.5.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..24.5.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..27.4.9 Basic requirements (21.2%).2...6. 2 Institutions...7...5. 7 Infrastructure...3...6. 3 Macroeconomic environment...5...6. 6 Health and primary education...38.6.2 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).14.5.2 Higher education and training...6...5. 9 Goods market efficiency...3...5. 6 Labor market efficiency...8...5. 1 Financial market development...17.4.9 Technological readiness...24.5.5 Market size...46.4.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (28.8%).21.4.8 Business sophistication...14.5.3 Innovation...24.4.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...19.9 Inflation...15.2 Inadequately educated workforce...14.4 Access to financing...13.9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...4. 7 Policy instability...4. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 6 Foreign currency regulations...2. 2 Corruption...2. 1 Crime and theft...2. 0 Government instability/coups...2. 0 Poor public health...1. 7 Tax regulations...1. 4 Tax rates...0. 6 United arab emirates Unitedâ Arabâ Emirates Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development United arab emirates Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 375 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*8. 0...39 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...5. 0...3 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...5. 5...2 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*4. 2...58 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 7...10 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 7...6 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...6. 0...3 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*76.3.27 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 7...6 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 5...9 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 5...10 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...6. 1...3 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...5. 1...8 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 2...3 7. 06 Pay and productivity...5. 2...6 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 5...20 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 5...6 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 9...3 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 51.126 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...5. 5...22 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 4...20 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 7...17 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...4. 7...3 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 4...4 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 9...23 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 5...12 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 3...8 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 0...7 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 8...3 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*88.0.10 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*11.1.61 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*52.3.51 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*89.0.11 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 0...51 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 5...29 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*272.0.49 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*94.9.9 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 4...11 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 3...23 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 5...4 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...4. 8...25 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 1...13 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 3...3 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 1...27 11.08 Extent of marketing...5. 6...9 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 0...13 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 7...25 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...4. 8...30 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 3...22 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...4. 7...22 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...5. 4...2 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 2...7 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*5. 0...49 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 5...23 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 5...18 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...6. 0...7 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...6. 0...3 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...6. 4...4 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 6...22 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...5. 3...5 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...6. 0...2 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...5. 2...3 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 2...17 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 7...15 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 4...10 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 4...10 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...6. 5...2 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 8...1 1. 16 Reliability of police services...6. 2...7 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 8...11 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...26 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 5...15 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 3...16 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...6. 4...3 2. 02 Quality of roads...6. 6...1 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...6. 5...3 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 7...2 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*4, 799.4.6 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 6...11 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*171.9.6 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*22.3.50 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*10.1.5 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*38.9.11 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*12.3.9 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*73.3.30 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*1. 7...2 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 2...45 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 2...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 3...30 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*7. 2...44 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*77.0.41 4. 09 Quality of primary education...5. 4...13 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.2.98 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*92.3.64 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*n/a n/a 5. 03 Quality of the education system...5. 3...9 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...5. 3...11 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 3...18 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...18 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 4...17 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 1...11 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 0...9 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 2...10 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 3...6 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...6. 3...2 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*14.9.7 United arab emirates  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 376 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...64.1 GDP (US$ billions...2, 535.8 GDP per capita (US$...39,567 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...2. 75 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.9.5.4 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..10.5.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..8...5. 4 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..10.5.4 Basic requirements (20.0%).24.5.5 Institutions...12.5.4 Infrastructure...10.6.0 Macroeconomic environment...107.4.1 Health and primary education...21.6.4 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).4...5. 5 Higher education and training...19.5.5 Goods market efficiency...13.5.2 Labor market efficiency...5...5. 3 Financial market development...15.5.1 Technological readiness...2...6. 3 Market size...6...5. 8 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).8...5. 2 Business sophistication...6...5. 5 Innovation...12.5.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...17.3 Tax regulations...14.2 Tax rates...12.8 Inadequately educated workforce...10.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 9 Policy instability...6. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 1 Inflation...1. 4 Corruption...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 8 Crime and theft...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 2 United kingdom United kingdom Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 United kingdom Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 377 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*12.0.62 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 3...24 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 7...31 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*0. 8...5 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...6. 1...4 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 6...8 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...5. 3...12 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*32.6.107 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 2...29 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 6...8 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...5. 1...22 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 8...10 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 5...20 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*8. 5...25 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...33 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 7...17 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 8...10 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 0...11 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 9...5 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.51 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 1...7 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 5...19 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...4. 9...10 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 7...82 8. 05 Venture capital availability...3. 6...19 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 5...89 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 3...22 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*10.1 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 5...4 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...5. 7...14 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 2...17 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*89.8.9 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*35.7.7 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*352.6.7 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*87.2.12 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 7...8 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 1...8 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*2, 390.9.8 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*32.8.88 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 5...3 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 5...13 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 2...10 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...6. 0...9 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 2...12 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 7...19 11.07 Production process sophistication...5. 7...12 11.08 Extent of marketing...6. 1...2 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 0...16 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 3...10 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...6. 3...2 12.03 Company spending on R&d...4. 8...14 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 7...4 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 7...44 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 8...22 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*89.1.18 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...6. 2...4 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 9...8 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 6...13 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 5...19 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 9...15 1. 06 Judicial independence...6. 2...7 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...4. 5...17 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 8...33 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...37 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...5. 7...5 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...5. 1...7 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...5. 2...16 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 1...82 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...5. 0...42 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 8...29 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 6...26 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...5. 6...14 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 8...16 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 4...17 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 3...15 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 0...10 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 3...27 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 2...30 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 9...16 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 6...16 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...5. 5...28 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*6, 725.3.3 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 6...12 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*123.8.51 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*52.9.8 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 8...119 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*11.0.126 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*90.1.126 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*87.7.13 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*15.0.35 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...25 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 3...59 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 5...21 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*4. 1...28 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*81.5.12 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 9...30 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.8.6 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*95.4.54 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*61.9.36 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...23 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...63 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 8...5 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 3...7 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 7...7 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 7...23 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...6. 1...5 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 0...15 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 1...16 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 3...25 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*34.0.54 United kingdom  2014 World Economic Forum Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 378 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...316.4 GDP (US$ billions...16,799. 7 GDP per capita (US$...53,101 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...19.31 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.3.5.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..5...5. 5 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..7...5. 5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..5...5. 4 Basic requirements (20.0%).33.5.1 Institutions...30.4.7 Infrastructure...12.5.8 Macroeconomic environment...113.4.0 Health and primary education...49.6.1 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).1...5. 7 Higher education and training...7...5. 8 Goods market efficiency...16.5.1 Labor market efficiency...4...5. 3 Financial market development...9...5. 3 Technological readiness...16.5.8 Market size...1...6. 9 Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%).5...5. 5 Business sophistication...4...5. 6 Innovation...5...5. 5 The most problematic factors for doing business Tax rates...17.0 Tax regulations...16.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...14.7 Access to financing...9. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...8. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 8 Policy instability...4. 1 Inflation...4. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Corruption...2. 0 Crime and theft...1. 2 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9 Poor public health...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 7 United states Unitedâ States Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 United states Advanced economies  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 379 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*5. 0...14 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 2...33 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 4...71 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*1. 3...33 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 1...41 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...44 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 8...33 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*16.4.143 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...5. 4...14 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...4. 5...10 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 7...43 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 6...24 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 9...11 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...37 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 8...10 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...5. 7...12 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...5. 7...3 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...5. 8...6 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 86.49 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...6. 2...4 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...5. 7...10 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...5. 2...6 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...3. 9...14 8. 05 Venture capital availability...4. 4...3 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 4...49 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...5. 0...30 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...6. 5...2 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...6. 1...3 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 9...41 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*84.2.16 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*28.5.19 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*64.1.42 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*92.8.10 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*7. 0...1 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*6. 7...2 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*16,799. 7...1 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*13.3.137 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...5. 5...8 11.02 Local supplier quality...5. 6...8 11.03 State of cluster development...5. 4...5 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...5. 6...14 11.05 Value chain breadth...5. 4...5 11.06 Control of international distribution...5. 3...5 11.07 Production process sophistication...6. 1...7 11.08 Extent of marketing...6. 2...1 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...5. 2...9 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...5. 9...2 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...6. 1...4 12.03 Company spending on R&d...5. 5...4 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...5. 8...2 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 4...8 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...5. 3...5 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*149.8.11 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...5. 3...25 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...5. 4...20 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...4. 6...30 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 4...48 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 0...36 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 1...30 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 5...47 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 1...73 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...82 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 9...23 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...4. 4...18 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 4...44 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 2...118 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 2...85 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 7...73 1. 16 Reliability of police services...5. 7...22 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 8...33 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 5...32 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...5. 4...16 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...5. 0...23 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*8. 3...6 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...5. 8...16 2. 02 Quality of roads...5. 7...16 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...4. 9...15 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...5. 7...12 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...6. 1...9 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*34,115. 8...1 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...6. 3...24 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*95.5.101 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*42.2.20 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 3...130 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*17.2.87 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*104.5.134 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*91.6.7 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*M. F...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*3. 6...5 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 0...51 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 6...92 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 4...75 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*6. 0...39 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*78.7.34 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 7...36 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*91.8.90 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*93.7.59 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*94.3.3 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 6...27 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 4...51 5. 05 Quality of management schools...5. 6...11 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 1...15 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...5. 6...8 5. 08 Extent of staff training...5. 0...14 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 9...10 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...5. 1...14 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...5. 1...15 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...4. 1...34 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*46.3.102 United states  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 380 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...3. 4 GDP (US$ billions...56.3 GDP per capita (US$...16,609 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.80.4.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..85.4.1 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..74.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..63.4.3 Basic requirements (21.0%).47.4.9 Institutions...31.4.7 Infrastructure...54.4.5 Macroeconomic environment...84.4.5 Health and primary education...58.5.9 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%).72.4.0 Higher education and training...49.4.7 Goods market efficiency...57.4.4 Labor market efficiency...134.3.4 Financial market development...87.3.8 Technological readiness...46.4.5 Market size...89.3.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (29.0%).85.3.5 Business sophistication...85.3.8 Innovation...82.3.2 The most problematic factors for doing business Restrictive labor regulations...22.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...16.4 Tax rates...11.8 Inadequately educated workforce...11.1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.7 Access to financing...5. 9 Inflation...5. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 7 Tax regulations...3. 9 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 5 Corruption...0. 4 Policy instability...0. 2 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Uruguay Uruguay Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Uruguay Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 381 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 5...31 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 7...10 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...43 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*7. 9...90 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 4...24 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 2...21 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 5...46 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*26.2.127 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 3...92 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 6...54 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 4...139 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...2. 4...144 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 9...127 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*20.8.98 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...120 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 3...144 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 0...82 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 3...83 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 7...106 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 78.78 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 2...81 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...4. 1...71 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 2...130 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 8...69 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 6...77 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 4...48 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 2...64 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*4...96 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 6...83 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 3...93 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...5. 1...20 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*58.1.57 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*21.1.37 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*59.9.44 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*31.9.63 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 2...84 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 8...100 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*56.7.86 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*21.5.128 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 9...122 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...81 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 5...93 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 7...58 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 6...88 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 9...78 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 7...78 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 0...84 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 4...102 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...87 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 7...74 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 0...81 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 6...70 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 4...79 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 4...111 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*2. 4...54 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 9...40 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 1...44 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...5. 2...21 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...4. 5...20 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...5. 6...24 1. 06 Judicial independence...5. 6...21 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 9...31 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 6...104 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 4...84 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 0...50 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 8...40 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 7...27 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...4 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...3. 8...100 1. 15 Organized crime...6. 0...21 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 1...73 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 9...31 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 1...46 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 5...70 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...37 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 0...83 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...4. 0...80 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 5...90 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 3...103 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...4. 7...48 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...90 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*52.2.98 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...5. 7...38 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*154.6.19 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*30.8.35 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†2. 3...57 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*16.0.98 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 6...128 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*59.4.98 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*58.3.53 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*S l...n/a 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...N/Appl...n/a 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*27.0.58 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...6. 5...24 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 7...97 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...6. 2...31 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*6. 2...40 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*76.9.43 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 3...97 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*99.5.8 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*90.3.69 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*63.2.33 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 9...117 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 9...122 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 3...65 5. 06 Internet access in schools...6. 0...17 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 1...75 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...80 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 7...103 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 9...54 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 6...109 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 8...60 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*41.9.88 Uruguay  2014 World Economic Forum Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 382 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3, 000 6, 000 9, 000 12,000 15,000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...30.0 GDP (US$ billions...374.0 GDP per capita (US$...12,472 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 47 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.131.3.3 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..134.3.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..126.3.5 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..124.3.5 Basic requirements (56.0%).131.3.4 Institutions...144.2.1 Infrastructure...121.2.6 Macroeconomic environment...139.3.1 Health and primary education...87.5.5 Efficiency enhancers (38.0%).124.3.3 Higher education and training...70.4.3 Goods market efficiency...144.2.8 Labor market efficiency...144.2.6 Financial market development...131.2.9 Technological readiness...106.3.0 Market size...40.4.6 Innovation and sophistication factors (6. 0%).135.2.7 Business sophistication...134.3.0 Innovation...137.2.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Foreign currency regulations...28.2 Restrictive labor regulations...17.6 Inflation...13.0 Policy instability...10.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 6 Corruption...6. 5 Crime and theft...6. 0 Tax regulations...3. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 5 Access to financing...0. 9 Tax rates...0. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 2 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Venezuela Venezuela Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Venezuela Latin america and the Caribbean  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 383 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*17.144 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*144.0.143 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 0...144 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 6...138 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*12.4.125 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...3. 2...130 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...1. 4...144 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...1. 7...144 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*18.9.138 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 2...140 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 8...121 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...2. 9...143 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...3. 7...131 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...1. 4...144 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*not possible...143 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...114 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 6...138 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 3...67 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...1. 8...143 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...1. 4...144 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 66.105 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 6...123 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...88 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...1. 8...141 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 3...113 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 1...122 8. 06 Soundness of banks...4. 5...90 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...2. 6...132 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*2...137 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 8...130 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 9...122 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...2. 9...143 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*54.9.60 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*7. 3...74 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*10.2.99 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*3. 7...113 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...34 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 9...50 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*407.9.33 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*23.7.117 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...2. 6...143 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 3...134 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 4...143 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 4...139 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...140 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 5...115 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 0...129 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 4...120 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...117 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 8...138 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...2. 5...132 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 5...123 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 1...107 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...1. 9...144 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 3...118 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 3...90 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...1. 5...144 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...1. 6...144 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 3...144 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 4...143 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 4...137 1. 06 Judicial independence...1. 1...144 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...1. 5...144 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 2...144 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...1. 6...144 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...1. 5...144 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...1. 2...144 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...2. 3...144 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...5. 2...77 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...1. 9...144 1. 15 Organized crime...2. 7...141 1. 16 Reliability of police services...1. 7...144 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...2. 9...139 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 2...96 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 2...98 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 0...132 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*2. 3...140 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 6...135 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 6...127 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...1. 6...99 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...130 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 7...133 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*232.2.60 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 7...137 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*101.6.92 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*25.6.46 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†15.1.144 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*26.4.36 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*40.7.144 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.8.85 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*32.8.98 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*287.1.40 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...5. 4...23 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*33.0.62 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...5. 4...79 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 6...92 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 1...84 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*13.1.67 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*74.5.65 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 9...114 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*92.3.83 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*85.4.87 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*78.1.16 5. 03 Quality of the education system...2. 6...131 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 1...118 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 1...82 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 5...103 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 1...132 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 3...124 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...2. 9...143 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...134 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...2. 3...142 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...2. 8...132 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*61.7.128 Venezuela  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 384 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...89.7 GDP (US$ billions...170.6 GDP per capita (US$...1, 902 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 41 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.68.4.2 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..70.4.2 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..75.4.1 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..65.4.2 Basic requirements (60.0%).79.4.4 Institutions...92.3.5 Infrastructure...81.3.7 Macroeconomic environment...75.4.7 Health and primary education...61.5.9 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).74.4.0 Higher education and training...96.3.7 Goods market efficiency...78.4.2 Labor market efficiency...49.4.4 Financial market development...90.3.8 Technological readiness...99.3.1 Market size...34.4.7 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).98.3.4 Business sophistication...106.3.6 Innovation...87.3.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...15.9 Corruption...11.2 Inadequately educated workforce...10.2 Policy instability...9. 2 Tax regulations...8. 5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 8 Inflation...5. 6 Tax rates...5. 5 Government instability/coups...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...3. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 1 Crime and theft...1. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 5 Poor public health...0. 2 Vietnam Vietnam Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Vietnam Emerging and Developing Asia  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 385 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*10.118 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*34.0.118 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...3. 9...56 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 3...91 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*6. 8...83 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 1...103 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...4. 7...37 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 6...94 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*85.1.16 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 1...105 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 3...85 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 2...79 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...60 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 9...65 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*24.6.112 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...86 7. 06 Pay and productivity...4. 6...23 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 5...117 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 2...84 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 4...74 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 92.23 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 9...104 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 6...115 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 9...44 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 6...88 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 7...71 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 5...132 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...3. 3...110 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*8...29 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 9...123 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 9...121 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 2...93 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*43.9.77 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*5. 6...77 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*15.9.90 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*18.8.81 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*4. 4...36 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*5. 6...25 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*359.8.38 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*83.6.16 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...41 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 1...92 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 8...75 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...128 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 3...112 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...103 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 2...116 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 5...114 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 3...112 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 5...95 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 3...96 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 2...63 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 3...92 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...3. 9...34 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 8...87 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 2...93 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 6...101 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...3. 1...105 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 2...76 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 4...49 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 2...109 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 4...88 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 0...74 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 9...83 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 1...101 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...89 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 2...80 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 5...116 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...4. 8...94 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 5...64 1. 15 Organized crime...4. 6...78 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 7...99 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...109 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...3. 4...132 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 8...128 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 4...122 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*3. 3...123 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 3...112 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 2...104 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...3. 0...52 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 7...88 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...4. 0...87 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*816.4.30 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...4. 2...88 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*130.9.42 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*10.1.86 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†5. 7...118 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*33.2.17 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 6...113 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*55.0.93 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*45.3.72 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*29.7.25 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 7...40 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*147.0.106 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 5...106 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 4...75 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...4. 5...110 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*18.4.86 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*75.6.50 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 5...91 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*98.1.29 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*75.2.98 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*24.6.88 5. 03 Quality of the education system...3. 3...94 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...3. 9...82 5. 05 Quality of management schools...3. 4...119 5. 06 Internet access in schools...5. 0...47 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 3...118 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...85 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 1...65 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 7...69 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 9...87 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...93 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.2.61 Vietnam  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 386 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...26.7 GDP (US$ billions...39.2 GDP per capita (US$...1, 469 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 07 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.142.3.0 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..145.3.0 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..140.3.0 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..138.3.1 Basic requirements (60.0%).142.3.0 Institutions...141.2.7 Infrastructure...142.1.9 Macroeconomic environment...140.3.0 Health and primary education...116.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).139.2.9 Higher education and training...139.2.3 Goods market efficiency...131.3.6 Labor market efficiency...138.3.2 Financial market development...143.2.2 Technological readiness...136.2.4 Market size...83.3.4 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).134.2.8 Business sophistication...120.3.4 Innovation...143.2.1 The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequate supply of infrastructure...16.3 Policy instability...15.5 Corruption...13.6 Access to financing...12.9 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...5. 6 Crime and theft...4. 1 Government instability/coups...3. 5 Foreign currency regulations...3. 0 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 5 Tax regulations...2. 5 Inflation...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 0 Tax rates...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 5 Yemen Yemen Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Yemen Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 387 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*6...57 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*40.0.127 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 9...135 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...3. 8...130 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*5. 7...72 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...2. 5...142 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...3. 6...122 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 0...131 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*39.1.91 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 0...111 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 2...140 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 0...98 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 8...11 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...3. 8...77 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...127 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 6...98 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...3. 1...133 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...1. 9...139 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 0...137 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 35.136 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...2. 7...141 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...2. 4...143 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...2. 0...135 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 7...133 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 7...139 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 0...137 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...1. 4...143 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*2...137 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...3. 2...138 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...3. 7...134 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 4...136 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*20.0.102 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*1. 1...105 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*2. 5...136 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 2...131 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 3...79 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 9...93 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*61.8.82 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*26.0.110 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 8...40 11.02 Local supplier quality...2. 9...140 11.03 State of cluster development...3. 2...111 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 6...129 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 1...127 11.06 Control of international distribution...4. 7...17 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 9...130 11.08 Extent of marketing...2. 9...136 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 8...60 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...2. 9...135 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...1. 7...144 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 0...143 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 0...143 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 1...141 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 1...126 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...3. 1...129 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 3...137 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...1. 8...140 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...2. 4...98 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...2. 1...144 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 3...128 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 1...136 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...1. 8...141 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 0...107 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2. 3...141 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 5...123 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 7...96 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...2. 3...144 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...2. 4...139 1. 15 Organized crime...3. 3...133 1. 16 Reliability of police services...2. 3...140 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 4...126 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...2. 3...143 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...3. 4...140 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...3. 0...134 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 0...113 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...2. 5...136 2. 02 Quality of roads...2. 5...131 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...N/Appl...n/a 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 6...128 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...2. 3...141 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*42.5.104 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...1. 5...142 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*69.0.127 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*4. 7...107 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†7. 1...127 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*5. 4...135 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*11.1.139 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.9.87 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*22.7.125 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*1, 802.8.46 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 3...48 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*49.0.71 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 9...95 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*0. 1...1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...5. 3...77 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*46.3.119 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*62.9.119 4. 09 Quality of primary education...2. 0...144 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*86.3.112 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*46.9.123 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*10.3.113 5. 03 Quality of the education system...1. 9...143 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...2. 3...140 5. 05 Quality of management schools...2. 9...135 5. 06 Internet access in schools...1. 7...141 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...2. 9...136 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 2...132 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 3...125 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...2. 9...135 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 0...135 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 2...112 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*32.7.50 Yemen  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 388 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...14.5 GDP (US$ billions...22.4 GDP per capita (US$...1, 542 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 03 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.96.3.9 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..93.3.9 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..102.3.8 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..113.3.7 Basic requirements (60.0%).109.3.9 Institutions...52.4.1 Infrastructure...118.2.7 Macroeconomic environment...103.4.2 Health and primary education...118.4.6 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).86.3.9 Higher education and training...80.4.2 Goods market efficiency...37.4.6 Labor market efficiency...88.4.1 Financial market development...50.4.4 Technological readiness...105.3.0 Market size...110.2.9 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).57.3.8 Business sophistication...60.4.1 Innovation...54.3.4 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...23.7 Corruption...14.8 Tax rates...9. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...9. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 3 Inflation...4. 6 Policy instability...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 8 Tax regulations...2. 6 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 1 Crime and theft...1. 9 Government instability/coups...1. 2 Zambia Zambia Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Zambia Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 389 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*5...32 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*6. 5...31 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...4. 1...35 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 5...52 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*10.7.110 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...5. 3...26 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...5. 0...24 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...4. 2...59 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*48.6.70 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...4. 7...56 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...3. 4...74 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...4. 4...60 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...5. 1...63 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...4. 5...16 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*50.6.138 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...26 7. 06 Pay and productivity...3. 6...96 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 7...38 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...3. 4...67 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...3. 9...43 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 85.53 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...4. 3...74 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 9...94 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 7...52 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...2. 5...99 8. 05 Venture capital availability...2. 4...95 8. 06 Soundness of banks...5. 1...59 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 7...44 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*9...11 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 6...82 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 7...67 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...4. 7...64 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*15.4.114 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 1...131 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*4. 2...122 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 7...125 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 6...113 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 8...101 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*25.5.111 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*47.8.50 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...4. 9...34 11.02 Local supplier quality...4. 2...80 11.03 State of cluster development...4. 1...46 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...3. 8...49 11.05 Value chain breadth...3. 9...59 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 8...93 11.07 Production process sophistication...3. 8...74 11.08 Extent of marketing...4. 1...75 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...4. 0...48 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...4. 1...45 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 4...89 12.03 Company spending on R&d...3. 4...49 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...3. 5...75 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...4. 0...25 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...4. 3...51 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 0...124 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...4. 6...44 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...4. 0...50 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...3. 3...65 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...3. 0...73 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 7...83 1. 06 Judicial independence...3. 7...69 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...3. 4...51 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...3. 6...46 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...3. 9...35 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...4. 4...33 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3. 3...71 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...4. 5...36 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 0...29 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 6...62 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 5...47 1. 16 Reliability of police services...4. 0...79 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...4. 0...66 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...4. 7...67 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 9...47 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 7...36 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*5. 3...68 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 7...92 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 6...86 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 0...87 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...2. 7...124 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 5...111 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*37.6.108 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...3. 3...104 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*71.5.118 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*0. 8...129 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†8. 6...137 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*25.5.38 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 0...119 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.1.51 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*35.9.90 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*26,650. 2...68 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...3. 9...57 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*427.0.135 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 3...116 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*12.7.137 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 9...129 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*56.4.129 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*57.0.128 4. 09 Quality of primary education...3. 8...77 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*93.7.74 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*100.8.32 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*2. 4...137 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 3...36 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 3...62 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 7...42 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 6...97 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...4. 4...48 5. 08 Extent of staff training...4. 1...63 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...5. 6...25 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...4. 2...38 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...4. 5...36 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 9...56 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*15.1.8 Zambia  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles 390 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Percent of responses GDP (PPP) per capita (int†l $), 1990†2013 Rank Score out of 144)( 1†7 Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 3, 000 1990 1992 19961994 1998 2000 2002 20062004 20102008 2012 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions...13.1 GDP (US$ billions...13.0 GDP per capita (US$...987 GDP (PPP) as share(%)of world total...0. 01 Global Competitiveness Index GCI 2014†2015.124.3.5 GCI 2013†2014 (out of 148)..131.3.4 GCI 2012†2013 (out of 144)..132.3.3 GCI 2011†2012 (out of 142)..132.3.3 Basic requirements (60.0%).114.3.8 Institutions...113.3.3 Infrastructure...124.2.5 Macroeconomic environment...87.4.5 Health and primary education...106.5.0 Efficiency enhancers (35.0%).133.3.1 Higher education and training...118.3.2 Goods market efficiency...133.3.6 Labor market efficiency...137.3.2 Financial market development...112.3.4 Technological readiness...109.2.9 Market size...132.2.3 Innovation and sophistication factors (5. 0%).127.3.0 Business sophistication...130.3.3 Innovation...125.2.6 The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing...24.6 Policy instability...19.7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...15.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.9 Corruption...11.4 Restrictive labor regulations...10.8 Tax regulations...2. 1 Tax rates...1. 5 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 7 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 0 Inflation...0. 0 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2 Transition 2 †3 3 Stage of development Zimbabwe Sub-saharan africa  2014 World Economic Forum Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk(*)*For further details and explanation, please refer to the section â€oehow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles†on page 101 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 391 2. 1: Country/Economy Profiles INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont†d 6. 06 No. procedures to start a business*..*9...106 6. 07 No. days to start a business*..*90.0.137 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...2. 5...142 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...4. 9...17 6. 10 Trade tariffs,%duty*..*21.0.142 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...4. 3...94 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...1. 8...142 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...3. 0...133 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP*..*50.1.65 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...3. 6...127 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...2. 9...115 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...3. 9...112 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...2. 6...141 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...2. 2...142 7. 04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary*..*82.3.142 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...101 7. 06 Pay and productivity...2. 3...143 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...4. 7...41 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...2. 7...120 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...2. 8...102 7. 10 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..*0. 93.16 8th pillar: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services...3. 8...107 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...3. 1...131 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...3. 2...80 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...1. 7...135 8. 05 Venture capital availability...1. 6...140 8. 06 Soundness of banks...3. 1...136 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...4. 3...63 8. 08 Legal rights index, 0†10 (best*..*7...43 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...4. 3...101 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...4. 1...111 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...3. 5...133 9. 04 Individuals using Internet%*.%*18.5.105 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.*0. 7...111 9. 06 Int†l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user*..*3. 5...127 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.*37.8.56 10th pillar: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index, 1†7 (best*..*2. 1...131 10.02 Foreign market size index, 1†7 (best*..*3. 1...131 10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions*..*10.3.131 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP*..*35.1.79 11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...3. 7...133 11.02 Local supplier quality...3. 5...126 11.03 State of cluster development...2. 9...131 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...2. 5...137 11.05 Value chain breadth...2. 9...138 11.06 Control of international distribution...3. 7...101 11.07 Production process sophistication...2. 5...135 11.08 Extent of marketing...3. 4...124 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...3. 6...91 12th pillar: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation...3. 1...121 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...3. 0...112 12.03 Company spending on R&d...2. 3...129 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...2. 8...121 12.05 Gov†t procurement of advanced tech products...2. 4...140 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...3. 6...99 12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.*.*0. 1...98 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 1st pillar: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights...2. 4...142 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...2. 9...116 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...2. 6...109 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...1. 9...132 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...3. 4...101 1. 06 Judicial independence...2. 5...120 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...2. 5...117 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...2. 1...135 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...2. 8...119 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3. 4...93 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...2. 5...120 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...3. 5...115 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...6. 5...8 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...4. 7...58 1. 15 Organized crime...5. 7...31 1. 16 Reliability of police services...3. 0...122 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...3. 6...106 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...5. 2...38 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...4. 3...88 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...4. 1...74 1. 21 Strength of investor protection, 0†10 (best*..*4. 3...105 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...3. 1...121 2. 02 Quality of roads...3. 3...100 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...2. 2...82 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...3. 6...96 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...3. 3...116 2. 06 Available airline seat km/week, millions*..*19.0.124 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...2. 1...131 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.*.*96.3.99 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.*.*2. 1...119 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance,%GDP*..*†0. 1...26 3. 02 Gross national savings,%GDP*..*†5. 7...143 3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*54.7.90 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..*6. 0...143 4th pillar: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.*.*8, 452.6.56 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...4. 9...36 4. 03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*.*562.0.139 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...4. 3...118 4. 05 HIV prevalence,%adult pop.*.*14.7.139 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...3. 9...126 4. 07 Infant mortality, deaths/1, 000 live births*..*55.7.127 4. 08 Life expectancy, years*..*58.0.127 4. 09 Quality of primary education...4. 3...54 4. 10 Primary education enrollment, net%*.%*95.6.59 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%*.%*51.9.120 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross%*.%*5. 9...126 5. 03 Quality of the education system...4. 2...43 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...4. 2...66 5. 05 Quality of management schools...4. 1...80 5. 06 Internet access in schools...3. 1...118 5. 07 Availability of research and training services...3. 5...107 5. 08 Extent of staff training...3. 9...84 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...4. 9...77 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...3. 3...102 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...3. 7...99 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...3. 5...88 6. 05 Total tax rate,%profits*..*35.3.62 Zimbabwe  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 2 Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 395 EXECUTIVE OPINION SURVEY INDICATORS In the tables, indicators derived from the World Economic Forum†s Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey have represented country scores by blue-colored bar graphs. Survey questions asked for responses on a scale of 1 to 7, where an answer of 1 and 7 always corresponds to the worst and best possible outcome respectively. In the tables, the Survey question and the two extreme answers are shown above the rankings Country scores are reported with a precision of one decimal point, although exact figures are used to determine rankings. The sample mean is represented by a dotted line running across the bar graphs. For more information on the Survey and a detailed explanation of how scores are computed, refer to Chapter 1. 3 How to Read the Data Tables The following pages provide detailed data for all 144 economies included in The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015. The data tables are organized into 13 sections Key indicators Pillar 1: Institutions Pillar 2: Infrastructure Pillar 3: Macroeconomic environment Pillar 4: Health and primary education Pillar 5: Higher education and training Pillar 6: Goods market efficiency Pillar 7: Labor market efficiency Pillar 8: Financial market development Pillar 9: Technological readiness Pillar 10: Market size Pillar 11: Business sophistication Pillar 12: Innovation RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Finland...6. 4 2 Singapore...6. 2 3 Switzerland...6. 2 4 United kingdom...6. 2 5 Luxembourg...6. 1 6 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 7 Qatar...6. 0 8 Norway...6. 0 9 Canada...6. 0 10 New zealand...6. 0 11 Japan...5. 9 12 Puerto rico...5. 9 13 Ireland...5. 9 14 Netherlands...5. 8 15 Austria...5. 8 16 Taiwan, China...5. 7 17 Denmark...5. 7 18 Sweden...5. 7 19 Germany...5. 6 20 South africa...5. 6 21 France...5. 5 22 Australia...5. 5 23 United arab emirates...5. 5 24 Belgium...5. 4 25 United states...5. 3 26 Malaysia...5. 3 27 Iceland...5. 3 28 Rwanda...5. 3 29 Bahrain...5. 2 30 Oman...5. 2 31 Estonia...5. 2 32 Saudi arabia...5. 1 33 Mauritius...5. 1 34 Jordan...5. 1 35 Namibia...5. 1 36 Malta...5. 0 37 Barbados...5. 0 38 Chile...5. 0 39 Botswana...4. 9 40 Uruguay...4. 9 41 Morocco...4. 9 42 Portugal...4. 8 43 Israel...4. 8 44 Zambia...4. 6 45 Latvia...4. 6 46 Costa rica...4. 6 47 Turkey...4. 6 48 Macedonia, FYR...4. 6 49 Panama...4. 5 50 China...4. 5 51 Kuwait...4. 4 52 Jamaica...4. 4 53 Bhutan...4. 4 54 Cyprus...4. 3 55 Poland...4. 3 56 Spain...4. 3 57 Sri lanka...4. 3 58 Swaziland...4. 3 59 Indonesia...4. 3 60 Ghana...4. 3 61 Philippines...4. 3 62 Lithuania...4. 2 63 Gambia, The...4. 2 64 Korea, Rep...4. 2 65 Kenya...4. 2 66 Slovenia...4. 2 67 Armenia...4. 2 68 Seychelles...4. 2 69 Trinidad and tobago...4. 1 70 Kazakhstan...4. 1 71 Montenegro...4. 1 72 Thailand...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 India...4. 1 74 Italy...4. 0 75 Czech republic...4. 0 76 Tunisia...4. 0 77 Brazil...4. 0 78 Mexico...4. 0 79 Romania...4. 0 80 Senegal...3. 9 81 Gabon...3. 9 82 Greece...3. 9 83 Malawi...3. 9 84 Colombia...3. 9 85 Georgia...3. 9 86 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 87 Tajikistan...3. 9 88 Guatemala...3. 8 89 Slovak Republic...3. 8 90 Dominican republic...3. 8 91 Azerbaijan...3. 8 92 Croatia...3. 8 93 Cape verde...3. 8 94 Guyana...3. 8 95 Lao PDR...3. 8 96 Hungary...3. 7 97 Algeria...3. 7 98 Honduras...3. 7 99 Cameroon...3. 6 100 Mongolia...3. 6 101 Vietnam...3. 6 102 El salvador...3. 6 103 Lesotho...3. 6 104 Egypt...3. 6 105 Tanzania...3. 5 106 Peru...3. 5 107 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 5 108 Lebanon...3. 5 109 Burkina faso...3. 5 110 Bulgaria...3. 5 111 Bolivia...3. 5 112 Uganda...3. 4 113 Sierra leone...3. 4 114 Mali...3. 4 115 Ethiopia...3. 4 116 Nigeria...3. 4 117 Mozambique...3. 4 118 Cambodia...3. 3 119 Nepal...3. 3 120 Russian Federation...3. 3 121 Pakistan...3. 3 122 Suriname...3. 3 123 Bangladesh...3. 3 124 Paraguay...3. 2 125 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 2 126 Moldova...3. 2 127 Serbia...3. 1 128 Nicaragua...3. 1 129 Yemen...3. 1 130 Madagascar...3. 1 131 Libya...3. 0 132 Timor-Leste...2. 8 133 Albania...2. 8 134 Burundi...2. 8 135 Ukraine...2. 7 136 Myanmar...2. 7 137 Guinea...2. 6 138 Argentina...2. 6 139 Mauritania...2. 5 140 Chad...2. 5 141 Angola...2. 5 142 Zimbabwe...2. 4 143 Haiti...2. 3 144 Venezuela...1. 5 1. 01 Property rights In your country, how strong is the protection of property rights, including financial assets? 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 406 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 2: Data Tables 396 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 OTHER INDICATORS Indicators not derived from the Survey are presented in black bar graphs. For each indicator, a short description appears at the top of the page. The base period (i e.,, the period when a majority of the data was collected) follows the description. When the year differs from the base year for a particular economy, this is indicated in a footnote. Special cases and exceptions are also mentioned in footnotes. For most indicators, a more detailed description can be found in the Technical Notes and Sources section at the end of the Report. When data are not available or are outdated too, n/a is used in lieu of the rank and the value Because of the nature of data, ties between two or more economies are possible. In such cases, shared rankings are indicated accordingly. For example, four economies†Australia, Hong kong SAR, Portugal, and Singapore†all require two and half days to start a business. As a result, in table 6. 07 (see page 472) they are ranked all 5th and are listed alphabetically The values are reported usually with a precision of one decimal place. Because of the rounding, we use â€oe0. 0†to report some non-zero values. In such cases a narrow bar graph is used in order to distinguish these values from true zero values, for which no bar is attached. In addition, since the ranks are based always on the exact, unrounded figures, a non-zero value will also be ranked higher (or lower, in the case of certain indicators) than a true zero value ONLINE DATA PORTAL In addition to the analysis presented in this Report an interactive data platform can be accessed via www. weforum. org/gcr. The platform offers a number of analytical and visualization tools, including sortable rankings, scatter plots, bar charts, and maps, as well as the option of downloading portions of the GCI data set RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...16,799. 7 2 China...9, 181.4 3 Japan...4, 901.5 4 Germany...3, 636.0 5 France...2, 737.4 6 United kingdom...2, 535.8 7 Brazil...2, 242.9 8 Russian Federation...2, 118.0 9 Italy...2, 072.0 10 India...1, 870.7 11 Canada...1, 825.1 12 Australia...1, 505.3 13 Spain...1, 358.7 14 Mexico...1, 258.5 15 Korea, Rep...1, 221.8 16 Indonesia...870.3 17 Turkey...827.2 18 Netherlands...800.0 19 Saudi arabia...745.3 20 Switzerland...650.8 21 Sweden...557.9 22 Poland...516.1 23 Norway...511.3 24 Belgium...506.6 25 Taiwan, China...489.2 26 Argentina...488.2 27 Austria...415.4 28 United arab emirates...396.2 29 Thailand...387.2 30 Colombia...381.8 31 Venezuela...374.0 32 Iran, Islamic Rep...366.3 33 South africa...350.8 34 Denmark...331.0 35 Malaysia...312.4 36 Singapore...295.7 37 Israel...291.5 38 Nigeria...286.5 39 Chile...277.0 40 Hong kong SAR...273.7 41 Philippines...272.0 42 Egypt...271.4 43 Finland...256.9 44 Greece...241.8 45 Pakistan...238.7 46 Kazakhstan...220.3 47 Portugal...220.0 48 Ireland...217.9 49 Peru...206.5 50 Algeria...206.1 51 Qatar...202.6 52 Czech republic...198.3 53 Romania...189.7 54 Kuwait...185.3 55 New zealand...181.3 56 Ukraine...177.8 57 Vietnam...170.6 58 Bangladesh...141.3 59 Hungary...132.4 60 Angola...121.7 61 Morocco...105.1 62 Puerto rico...103.1 63 Slovak Republic...95.8 64 Oman...80.6 65 Azerbaijan...73.5 66 Libya...67.6 67 Sri lanka...65.8 68 Dominican republic...60.8 69 Luxembourg...59.8 70 Croatia...58.1 71 Myanmar...56.4 72 Uruguay...56.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Guatemala...54.4 74 Bulgaria...53.0 75 Costa rica...49.6 76 Ethiopia...48.1 77 Lithuania...47.6 78 Tunisia...47.4 79 Slovenia...46.9 80 Kenya...45.1 81 Lebanon...44.3 82 Ghana...44.2 83 Serbia...42.5 84 Panama...40.3 85 Yemen...39.2 86 Jordan...33.9 87 Tanzania...32.5 88 Bahrain...32.2 89 Latvia...31.0 90 Bolivia...29.8 91 Paraguay...28.3 92 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...28.3 93 Cameroon...28.0 94 Trinidad and tobago...27.7 95 El salvador...24.5 96 Estonia...24.5 97 Uganda...23.1 98 Zambia...22.4 99 Cyprus...21.8 100 Nepal...19.3 101 Gabon...19.2 102 Honduras...18.8 103 Georgia...16.2 104 Cambodia...15.7 105 Mozambique...15.3 106 Senegal...15.2 107 Botswana...14.8 108 Iceland...14.7 109 Jamaica...14.3 110 Chad...13.4 111 Zimbabwe...13.0 112 Albania...12.9 113 Namibia...12.3 114 Burkina faso...12.2 115 Mauritius...11.9 116 Mongolia...11.5 117 Nicaragua...11.3 118 Madagascar...11.2 119 Mali...11.1 120 Armenia...10.5 121 Macedonia, FYR...10.2 122 Lao PDR...10.0 123 Malta...9. 5 124 Tajikistan...8. 5 125 Haiti...8. 5 126 Moldova...7. 9 127 Rwanda...7. 4 128 Kyrgyz Republic...7. 2 129 Guinea...6. 3 130 Timor-Leste...6. 1 131 Suriname...5. 1 132 Sierra leone...4. 8 133 Montenegro...4. 4 134 Barbados...4. 3 135 Mauritania...4. 2 136 Malawi...3. 8 137 Swaziland...3. 6 138 Guyana...3. 0 139 Burundi...2. 7 140 Lesotho...2. 3 141 Bhutan...2. 0 142 Cape verde...1. 9 143 Seychelles...1. 4 144 Gambia, The...0. 9 0. 01 Gross domestic product Gross domestic product in billions of current US dollars 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 400 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 397 Index of Data Tables Key indicators...399 0. 01 Gross domestic product...400 0. 02 Population...401 0. 03 GDP per capita...402 0. 04 GDP as a share of world GDP...403 Pillar 1: Institutions...405 1. 01 Property rights...406 1. 02 Intellectual property protection...407 1. 03 Diversion of public funds...408 1. 04 Public trust in politicians...409 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes...410 1. 06 Judicial independence...411 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials...412 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending...413 1. 09 Burden of government regulation...414 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...415 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations...416 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking...417 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism...418 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence...419 1. 15 Organized crime...420 1. 16 Reliability of police services...421 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms...422 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards...423 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards...424 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests...425 1. 21 Strength of investor protection...426 Pillar 2: Infrastructure...427 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure...428 2. 02 Quality of roads...429 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure...430 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure...431 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure...432 2. 06 Available airline seat kilometers...433 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply...434 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions...435 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines...436 Pillar 3: Macroeconomic environment...437 3. 01 Government budget balance...438 3. 02 Gross national savings...439 3. 03 Inflation...440 3. 04 Government debt...441 3. 05 Country credit rating...442 Pillar 4: Health and primary education...443 4. 01 Malaria incidence...444 4. 02 Business impact of malaria...445 4. 03 Tuberculosis incidence...446 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis...447 4. 05 HIV prevalence...448 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...449 4. 07 Infant mortality...450 4. 08 Life expectancy...451 4. 09 Quality of primary education...452 4. 10 Primary education enrollment rate...453 Pillar 5: Higher education and training...455 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment rate...456 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment rate...457 5. 03 Quality of the education system...458 5. 04 Quality of math and science education...459 5. 05 Quality of management schools...460 5. 06 Internet access in schools...461 5. 07 Local availability of specialized research and training services...462 5. 08 Extent of staff training...463 Pillar 6: Goods market efficiency...465 6. 01 Intensity of local competition...466 6. 02 Extent of market dominance...467 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy...468 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest...469 6. 05 Total tax rate...470 6. 06 Number of procedures required to start a business...471 6. 07 Time required to start a business...472 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs...473 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers...474 6. 10 Trade tariffs...475 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...476 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI...477 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures...478 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP...479 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation...480 6. 16 Buyer sophistication...481 Pillar 7: Labor market efficiency...483 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations...484 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination...485 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices...486 7. 04 Redundancy costs...487 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...488 7. 06 Pay and productivity...489 7. 07 Reliance on professional management...490 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent...491 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent...492 7. 10 Female participation in the labor force...493 Pillar 8: Financial market development...495 8. 01 Availability of financial services...496 8. 02 Affordability of financial services...497 8. 03 Financing through local equity market...498 8. 04 Ease of access to loans...499 8. 05 Venture capital availability...500 8. 06 Soundness of banks...501 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges...502 8. 08 Legal rights index...503 Pillar 9: Technological readiness...505 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies...506 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption...507 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer...508 9. 04 Internet users...509 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions...510 9. 06 Internet bandwidth...511 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions...512  2014 World Economic Forum 2. 2: Data Tables 398 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Pillar 10: Market size...513 10.01 Domestic market size index...514 10.02 Foreign market size index...515 10.03 GDP (PPP...516 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP...517 Pillar 11: Business sophistication...519 11.01 Local supplier quantity...520 11.02 Local supplier quality...521 11.03 State of cluster development...522 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage...523 11.05 Value chain breadth...524 11.06 Control of international distribution...525 11.07 Production process sophistication...526 11.08 Extent of marketing...527 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority...528 Pillar 12: Innovation...529 12.01 Capacity for innovation...530 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions...531 12.03 Company spending on R&d...532 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d...533 12.05 Government procurement of advanced technology products...534 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers...535 12.07 PCT patent applications...536  2014 World Economic Forum Key indicators Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...16,799. 7 2 China...9, 181.4 3 Japan...4, 901.5 4 Germany...3, 636.0 5 France...2, 737.4 6 United kingdom...2, 535.8 7 Brazil...2, 242.9 8 Russian Federation...2, 118.0 9 Italy...2, 072.0 10 India...1, 870.7 11 Canada...1, 825.1 12 Australia...1, 505.3 13 Spain...1, 358.7 14 Mexico...1, 258.5 15 Korea, Rep...1, 221.8 16 Indonesia...870.3 17 Turkey...827.2 18 Netherlands...800.0 19 Saudi arabia...745.3 20 Switzerland...650.8 21 Sweden...557.9 22 Poland...516.1 23 Norway...511.3 24 Belgium...506.6 25 Taiwan, China...489.2 26 Argentina...488.2 27 Austria...415.4 28 United arab emirates...396.2 29 Thailand...387.2 30 Colombia...381.8 31 Venezuela...374.0 32 Iran, Islamic Rep...366.3 33 South africa...350.8 34 Denmark...331.0 35 Malaysia...312.4 36 Singapore...295.7 37 Israel...291.5 38 Nigeria...286.5 39 Chile...277.0 40 Hong kong SAR...273.7 41 Philippines...272.0 42 Egypt...271.4 43 Finland...256.9 44 Greece...241.8 45 Pakistan...238.7 46 Kazakhstan...220.3 47 Portugal...220.0 48 Ireland...217.9 49 Peru...206.5 50 Algeria...206.1 51 Qatar...202.6 52 Czech republic...198.3 53 Romania...189.7 54 Kuwait...185.3 55 New zealand...181.3 56 Ukraine...177.8 57 Vietnam...170.6 58 Bangladesh...141.3 59 Hungary...132.4 60 Angola...121.7 61 Morocco...105.1 62 Puerto rico...103.1 63 Slovak Republic...95.8 64 Oman...80.6 65 Azerbaijan...73.5 66 Libya...67.6 67 Sri lanka...65.8 68 Dominican republic...60.8 69 Luxembourg...59.8 70 Croatia...58.1 71 Myanmar...56.4 72 Uruguay...56.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Guatemala...54.4 74 Bulgaria...53.0 75 Costa rica...49.6 76 Ethiopia...48.1 77 Lithuania...47.6 78 Tunisia...47.4 79 Slovenia...46.9 80 Kenya...45.1 81 Lebanon...44.3 82 Ghana...44.2 83 Serbia...42.5 84 Panama...40.3 85 Yemen...39.2 86 Jordan...33.9 87 Tanzania...32.5 88 Bahrain...32.2 89 Latvia...31.0 90 Bolivia...29.8 91 Paraguay...28.3 92 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...28.3 93 Cameroon...28.0 94 Trinidad and tobago...27.7 95 El salvador...24.5 96 Estonia...24.5 97 Uganda...23.1 98 Zambia...22.4 99 Cyprus...21.8 100 Nepal...19.3 101 Gabon...19.2 102 Honduras...18.8 103 Georgia...16.2 104 Cambodia...15.7 105 Mozambique...15.3 106 Senegal...15.2 107 Botswana...14.8 108 Iceland...14.7 109 Jamaica...14.3 110 Chad...13.4 111 Zimbabwe...13.0 112 Albania...12.9 113 Namibia...12.3 114 Burkina faso...12.2 115 Mauritius...11.9 116 Mongolia...11.5 117 Nicaragua...11.3 118 Madagascar...11.2 119 Mali...11.1 120 Armenia...10.5 121 Macedonia, FYR...10.2 122 Lao PDR...10.0 123 Malta...9. 5 124 Tajikistan...8. 5 125 Haiti...8. 5 126 Moldova...7. 9 127 Rwanda...7. 4 128 Kyrgyz Republic...7. 2 129 Guinea...6. 3 130 Timor-Leste...6. 1 131 Suriname...5. 1 132 Sierra leone...4. 8 133 Montenegro...4. 4 134 Barbados...4. 3 135 Mauritania...4. 2 136 Malawi...3. 8 137 Swaziland...3. 6 138 Guyana...3. 0 139 Burundi...2. 7 140 Lesotho...2. 3 141 Bhutan...2. 0 142 Cape verde...1. 9 143 Seychelles...1. 4 144 Gambia, The...0. 9 0. 01 Gross domestic product Gross domestic product in billions of current US dollars 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 400 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 China...1, 360.8 2 India...1, 243.3 3 United states...316.4 4 Indonesia...248.0 5 Brazil...198.3 6 Pakistan...182.6 7 Nigeria...169.3 8 Bangladesh...156.3 9 Russian Federation...142.9 10 Japan...127.3 11 Mexico...118.4 12 Philippines...97.5 13 Vietnam...89.7 14 Ethiopia...88.9 15 Egypt...84.2 16 Germany...80.8 17 Iran, Islamic Rep...77.1 18 Turkey...76.5 19 Thailand...68.2 20 Myanmar...64.9 21 United kingdom...64.1 22 France...63.7 23 Italy...59.7 24 South africa...53.0 25 Korea, Rep...50.2 26 Colombia...47.2 27 Spain...46.6 28 Tanzania...46.3 29 Ukraine...45.4 30 Kenya...44.4 31 Argentina...41.5 32 Poland...38.5 33 Algeria...37.9 34 Uganda...36.8 35 Canada...35.1 36 Morocco...32.9 37 Peru...30.9 38 Saudi arabia...30.0 39 Venezuela...30.0 40 Malaysia...29.6 41 Nepal...27.9 42 Yemen...26.7 43 Mozambique...25.9 44 Ghana...25.6 45 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...24.1 46 Taiwan, China...23.4 47 Australia...23.2 48 Madagascar...23.0 49 Cameroon...22.0 50 Romania...21.3 51 Sri lanka...20.8 52 Angola...20.8 53 Chile...17.6 54 Kazakhstan...17.2 55 Malawi...17.1 56 Mali...16.9 57 Burkina faso...16.8 58 Netherlands...16.8 59 Guatemala...15.5 60 Cambodia...15.4 61 Zambia...14.5 62 Senegal...14.1 63 Zimbabwe...13.1 64 Belgium...11.2 65 Guinea...11.1 66 Greece...11.1 67 Bolivia...11.0 68 Chad...11.0 69 Tunisia...10.9 70 Rwanda...10.6 71 Portugal...10.6 72 Czech republic...10.5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Dominican republic...10.4 74 Haiti...10.3 75 Hungary...9. 9 76 Sweden...9. 6 77 Azerbaijan...9. 3 78 United arab emirates...9. 0 79 Burundi...9. 0 80 Austria...8. 5 81 Tajikistan...8. 1 82 Honduras...8. 1 83 Switzerland...8. 0 84 Israel...7. 9 85 Hong kong SAR...7. 2 86 Bulgaria...7. 2 87 Serbia...7. 2 88 Paraguay...6. 8 89 Lao PDR...6. 8 90 Jordan...6. 5 91 El salvador...6. 3 92 Nicaragua...6. 1 93 Libya...6. 1 94 Sierra leone...6. 1 95 Kyrgyz Republic...5. 6 96 Denmark...5. 6 97 Finland...5. 5 98 Slovak Republic...5. 4 99 Singapore...5. 4 100 Norway...5. 1 101 Ireland...4. 8 102 Costa rica...4. 8 103 Georgia...4. 5 104 New zealand...4. 5 105 Lebanon...4. 5 106 Croatia...4. 3 107 Kuwait...3. 9 108 Panama...3. 7 109 Mauritania...3. 7 110 Puerto rico...3. 6 111 Moldova...3. 6 112 Uruguay...3. 4 113 Armenia...3. 3 114 Oman...3. 2 115 Lithuania...3. 0 116 Mongolia...2. 9 117 Albania...2. 8 118 Jamaica...2. 8 119 Namibia...2. 2 120 Botswana...2. 1 121 Macedonia, FYR...2. 1 122 Slovenia...2. 1 123 Latvia...2. 0 124 Qatar...2. 0 125 Lesotho...1. 9 126 Gambia, The...1. 9 127 Gabon...1. 6 128 Trinidad and tobago...1. 3 129 Mauritius...1. 3 130 Estonia...1. 3 131 Timor-Leste...1. 2 132 Bahrain...1. 2 133 Swaziland...1. 1 134 Cyprus...0. 9 135 Guyana...0. 8 136 Bhutan...0. 7 137 Montenegro...0. 6 138 Suriname...0. 5 139 Luxembourg...0. 5 140 Cape verde...0. 5 141 Malta...0. 4 142 Iceland...0. 3 143 Barbados...0. 3 144 Seychelles...0. 1 0. 02 Population Total population in millions 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 401  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Luxembourg...110,424 2 Norway...100,318 3 Qatar...100,260 4 Switzerland...81,324 5 Australia...64,863 6 Denmark...59,191 7 Sweden...57,909 8 Singapore...54,776 9 United states...53,101 10 Canada...51,990 11 Austria...48,957 12 Kuwait...47,639 13 Netherlands...47,634 14 Finland...47,129 15 Ireland...45,621 16 Iceland...45,536 17 Belgium...45,384 18 Germany...44,999 19 United arab emirates...43,876 20 France...43,000 21 New zealand...40,481 22 United kingdom...39,567 23 Japan...38,491 24 Hong kong SAR...37,777 25 Israel...37,035 26 Italy...34,715 27 Spain...29,150 28 Puerto rico...28,325 29 Bahrain...27,435 30 Oman...25,289 31 Saudi arabia...24,847 32 Cyprus...24,761 33 Korea, Rep...24,329 34 Malta...22,872 35 Slovenia...22,756 36 Greece...21,857 37 Taiwan, China...20,930 38 Portugal...20,728 39 Trinidad and tobago...20,611 40 Estonia...19,032 41 Czech republic...18,858 42 Slovak Republic...17,706 43 Uruguay...16,609 44 Lithuania...16,003 45 Chile...15,776 46 Barbados...15,373 47 Latvia...15,205 48 Seychelles...15,046 49 Russian Federation...14,819 50 Croatia...13,562 51 Hungary...13,405 52 Poland...13,394 53 Kazakhstan...12,843 54 Venezuela...12,472 55 Gabon...12,302 56 Argentina...11,766 57 Brazil...11,311 58 Libya...11,046 59 Panama...10,839 60 Turkey...10,815 61 Mexico...10,630 62 Malaysia...10,548 63 Costa rica...10,433 64 Lebanon...9, 920 65 Suriname...9, 240 66 Mauritius...9, 160 67 Romania...8, 910 68 Colombia...8, 098 69 Azerbaijan...7, 900 70 Bulgaria...7, 328 71 Botswana...7, 136 72 Montenegro...7, 026 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 China...6, 747 74 Peru...6, 674 75 South africa...6, 621 76 Serbia...5, 907 77 Angola...5, 846 78 Dominican republic...5, 834 79 Thailand...5, 674 80 Namibia...5, 667 81 Algeria...5, 438 82 Timor-Leste...5, 177 83 Jordan...5, 174 84 Jamaica...5, 134 85 Macedonia, FYR...4, 944 86 Iran, Islamic Rep...4, 751 87 Albania...4, 610 88 Tunisia...4, 345 89 Paraguay...4, 170 90 Mongolia...3, 972 91 Ukraine...3, 919 92 El salvador...3, 875 93 Cape verde...3, 837 94 Guyana...3, 729 95 Georgia...3, 605 96 Guatemala...3, 513 97 Indonesia...3, 510 98 Swaziland...3, 313 99 Egypt...3, 226 100 Armenia...3, 208 101 Morocco...3, 199 102 Sri lanka...3, 162 103 Philippines...2, 790 104 Bolivia...2, 700 105 Bhutan...2, 665 106 Honduras...2, 323 107 Moldova...2, 229 108 Vietnam...1, 902 109 Nicaragua...1, 840 110 Ghana...1, 730 111 Nigeria...1, 692 112 Zambia...1, 542 113 India...1, 505 114 Lao PDR...1, 477 115 Yemen...1, 469 116 Pakistan...1, 308 117 Kyrgyz Republic...1, 280 118 Cameroon...1, 271 119 Chad...1, 218 120 Lesotho...1, 194 121 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...1, 175 122 Mauritania...1, 127 123 Senegal...1, 073 124 Tajikistan...1, 045 125 Kenya...1, 016 126 Cambodia...1, 016 127 Zimbabwe...987 128 Bangladesh...904 129 Myanmar...869 130 Haiti...820 131 Sierra leone...784 132 Burkina faso...729 133 Tanzania...703 134 Rwanda...698 135 Nepal...693 136 Mali...657 137 Uganda...626 138 Mozambique...593 139 Guinea...565 140 Ethiopia...542 141 Madagascar...488 142 Gambia, The...453 143 Burundi...303 144 Malawi...223 0. 03 GDP per capita Gross domestic product per capita in current US dollars 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 402 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...19.31 2 China...15.40 3 India...5. 83 4 Japan...5. 40 5 Germany...3. 72 6 Russian Federation...2. 94 7 Brazil...2. 79 8 United kingdom...2. 75 9 France...2. 62 10 Mexico...2. 12 11 Italy...2. 08 12 Korea, Rep...1. 92 13 Canada...1. 75 14 Spain...1. 60 15 Indonesia...1. 49 16 Turkey...1. 35 17 Australia...1. 15 18 Iran, Islamic Rep...1. 09 19 Saudi arabia...1. 08 20 Taiwan, China...1. 07 21 Poland...0. 94 22 Argentina...0. 89 23 Netherlands...0. 81 24 Thailand...0. 77 25 South africa...0. 69 26 Pakistan...0. 66 27 Egypt...0. 64 28 Colombia...0. 61 29 Malaysia...0. 60 30 Nigeria...0. 55 31 Philippines...0. 53 32 Belgium...0. 49 33 Venezuela...0. 47 34 Sweden...0. 46 35 Hong kong SAR...0. 44 36 Switzerland...0. 43 37 Austria...0. 42 38 Vietnam...0. 41 39 Singapore...0. 40 40 Peru...0. 40 41 Ukraine...0. 39 42 Chile...0. 39 43 Bangladesh...0. 37 44 Czech republic...0. 33 45 Algeria...0. 33 45 Romania...0. 33 47 Norway...0. 32 48 Israel...0. 32 49 United arab emirates...0. 31 50 Greece...0. 31 51 Kazakhstan...0. 28 52 Portugal...0. 28 53 Denmark...0. 24 54 Qatar...0. 23 55 Hungary...0. 23 56 Finland...0. 22 57 Ireland...0. 22 58 Morocco...0. 21 59 Kuwait...0. 18 60 New zealand...0. 16 61 Sri lanka...0. 16 62 Slovak Republic...0. 15 63 Angola...0. 15 64 Ethiopia...0. 14 65 Myanmar...0. 13 66 Tunisia...0. 13 67 Bulgaria...0. 12 68 Dominican republic...0. 12 69 Azerbaijan...0. 12 70 Oman...0. 11 71 Ghana...0. 10 72 Guatemala...0. 09 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Serbia...0. 09 74 Kenya...0. 09 75 Tanzania...0. 09 76 Croatia...0. 09 77 Libya...0. 08 78 Lithuania...0. 08 79 Lebanon...0. 08 80 Costa rica...0. 07 80 Panama...0. 07 80 Yemen...0. 07 83 Bolivia...0. 07 84 Slovenia...0. 07 85 Uruguay...0. 07 86 Uganda...0. 06 87 Cameroon...0. 06 88 El salvador...0. 06 89 Paraguay...0. 05 90 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...0. 05 91 Luxembourg...0. 05 92 Nepal...0. 05 93 Bahrain...0. 05 94 Cambodia...0. 05 94 Jordan...0. 05 96 Honduras...0. 05 96 Latvia...0. 05 98 Botswana...0. 04 99 Gabon...0. 04 100 Estonia...0. 03 101 Chad...0. 03 101 Georgia...0. 03 101 Mozambique...0. 03 101 Nicaragua...0. 03 101 Senegal...0. 03 101 Trinidad and tobago...0. 03 107 Burkina faso...0. 03 108 Albania...0. 03 108 Timor-Leste...0. 03 110 Jamaica...0. 03 110 Zambia...0. 03 112 Cyprus...0. 03 112 Macedonia, FYR...0. 03 112 Madagascar...0. 03 115 Lao PDR...0. 02 115 Mauritius...0. 02 117 Armenia...0. 02 118 Tajikistan...0. 02 119 Mali...0. 02 120 Mongolia...0. 02 120 Namibia...0. 02 122 Rwanda...0. 02 123 Kyrgyz Republic...0. 02 123 Malawi...0. 02 125 Haiti...0. 02 126 Iceland...0. 02 126 Moldova...0. 02 128 Guinea...0. 01 129 Malta...0. 01 130 Zimbabwe...0. 01 131 Sierra leone...0. 01 132 Mauritania...0. 01 132 Montenegro...0. 01 134 Barbados...0. 01 134 Guyana...0. 01 134 Suriname...0. 01 134 Swaziland...0. 01 138 Burundi...0. 01 139 Bhutan...0. 01 139 Lesotho...0. 01 141 Gambia, The...0. 00 142 Seychelles...0. 00 143 Cape verde...0. 00 n/a Puerto rico...n/a 0. 04 GDP as a share of world GDP Gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity as a percentage of world GDP 2013 SOURCE: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 403  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 1 Institutions Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Finland...6. 4 2 Singapore...6. 2 3 Switzerland...6. 2 4 United kingdom...6. 2 5 Luxembourg...6. 1 6 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 7 Qatar...6. 0 8 Norway...6. 0 9 Canada...6. 0 10 New zealand...6. 0 11 Japan...5. 9 12 Puerto rico...5. 9 13 Ireland...5. 9 14 Netherlands...5. 8 15 Austria...5. 8 16 Taiwan, China...5. 7 17 Denmark...5. 7 18 Sweden...5. 7 19 Germany...5. 6 20 South africa...5. 6 21 France...5. 5 22 Australia...5. 5 23 United arab emirates...5. 5 24 Belgium...5. 4 25 United states...5. 3 26 Malaysia...5. 3 27 Iceland...5. 3 28 Rwanda...5. 3 29 Bahrain...5. 2 30 Oman...5. 2 31 Estonia...5. 2 32 Saudi arabia...5. 1 33 Mauritius...5. 1 34 Jordan...5. 1 35 Namibia...5. 1 36 Malta...5. 0 37 Barbados...5. 0 38 Chile...5. 0 39 Botswana...4. 9 40 Uruguay...4. 9 41 Morocco...4. 9 42 Portugal...4. 8 43 Israel...4. 8 44 Zambia...4. 6 45 Latvia...4. 6 46 Costa rica...4. 6 47 Turkey...4. 6 48 Macedonia, FYR...4. 6 49 Panama...4. 5 50 China...4. 5 51 Kuwait...4. 4 52 Jamaica...4. 4 53 Bhutan...4. 4 54 Cyprus...4. 3 55 Poland...4. 3 56 Spain...4. 3 57 Sri lanka...4. 3 58 Swaziland...4. 3 59 Indonesia...4. 3 60 Ghana...4. 3 61 Philippines...4. 3 62 Lithuania...4. 2 63 Gambia, The...4. 2 64 Korea, Rep...4. 2 65 Kenya...4. 2 66 Slovenia...4. 2 67 Armenia...4. 2 68 Seychelles...4. 2 69 Trinidad and tobago...4. 1 70 Kazakhstan...4. 1 71 Montenegro...4. 1 72 Thailand...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 India...4. 1 74 Italy...4. 0 75 Czech republic...4. 0 76 Tunisia...4. 0 77 Brazil...4. 0 78 Mexico...4. 0 79 Romania...4. 0 80 Senegal...3. 9 81 Gabon...3. 9 82 Greece...3. 9 83 Malawi...3. 9 84 Colombia...3. 9 85 Georgia...3. 9 86 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 87 Tajikistan...3. 9 88 Guatemala...3. 8 89 Slovak Republic...3. 8 90 Dominican republic...3. 8 91 Azerbaijan...3. 8 92 Croatia...3. 8 93 Cape verde...3. 8 94 Guyana...3. 8 95 Lao PDR...3. 8 96 Hungary...3. 7 97 Algeria...3. 7 98 Honduras...3. 7 99 Cameroon...3. 6 100 Mongolia...3. 6 101 Vietnam...3. 6 102 El salvador...3. 6 103 Lesotho...3. 6 104 Egypt...3. 6 105 Tanzania...3. 5 106 Peru...3. 5 107 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 5 108 Lebanon...3. 5 109 Burkina faso...3. 5 110 Bulgaria...3. 5 111 Bolivia...3. 5 112 Uganda...3. 4 113 Sierra leone...3. 4 114 Mali...3. 4 115 Ethiopia...3. 4 116 Nigeria...3. 4 117 Mozambique...3. 4 118 Cambodia...3. 3 119 Nepal...3. 3 120 Russian Federation...3. 3 121 Pakistan...3. 3 122 Suriname...3. 3 123 Bangladesh...3. 3 124 Paraguay...3. 2 125 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 2 126 Moldova...3. 2 127 Serbia...3. 1 128 Nicaragua...3. 1 129 Yemen...3. 1 130 Madagascar...3. 1 131 Libya...3. 0 132 Timor-Leste...2. 8 133 Albania...2. 8 134 Burundi...2. 8 135 Ukraine...2. 7 136 Myanmar...2. 7 137 Guinea...2. 6 138 Argentina...2. 6 139 Mauritania...2. 5 140 Chad...2. 5 141 Angola...2. 5 142 Zimbabwe...2. 4 143 Haiti...2. 3 144 Venezuela...1. 5 1. 01 Property rights In your country, how strong is the protection of property rights, including financial assets? 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 406 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Finland...6. 2 2 Singapore...6. 2 3 Luxembourg...6. 1 4 Switzerland...6. 0 5 Qatar...6. 0 6 New zealand...6. 0 7 Japan...6. 0 8 United kingdom...5. 9 9 Puerto rico...5. 9 10 Hong kong SAR...5. 8 11 Netherlands...5. 7 12 Canada...5. 7 13 France...5. 6 14 Ireland...5. 6 15 Norway...5. 6 16 Austria...5. 5 17 Australia...5. 5 18 United arab emirates...5. 5 19 Sweden...5. 5 20 United states...5. 4 21 Germany...5. 4 22 South africa...5. 3 23 Belgium...5. 3 24 Denmark...5. 3 25 Malaysia...5. 2 26 Taiwan, China...5. 1 27 Estonia...4. 9 28 Saudi arabia...4. 9 29 Oman...4. 9 30 Iceland...4. 8 31 Bahrain...4. 7 32 Rwanda...4. 6 33 Israel...4. 6 34 Jordan...4. 6 35 Portugal...4. 6 36 Malta...4. 5 37 Barbados...4. 5 38 Panama...4. 4 39 Cyprus...4. 3 40 Namibia...4. 3 41 Mauritius...4. 2 42 Botswana...4. 2 43 Indonesia...4. 1 44 Uruguay...4. 1 45 Ghana...4. 1 46 Gambia, The...4. 1 47 Slovenia...4. 1 48 Macedonia, FYR...4. 0 49 Costa rica...4. 0 50 Zambia...4. 0 51 Latvia...4. 0 52 Bhutan...4. 0 53 China...4. 0 54 Sri lanka...3. 9 55 Czech republic...3. 9 56 Chile...3. 9 57 Greece...3. 9 58 Lithuania...3. 8 59 Swaziland...3. 8 60 Seychelles...3. 8 61 Slovak Republic...3. 8 62 Jamaica...3. 8 63 Poland...3. 7 64 Morocco...3. 7 65 India...3. 7 66 Philippines...3. 7 67 Tajikistan...3. 7 68 Korea, Rep...3. 7 69 Kenya...3. 7 70 Italy...3. 7 71 Hungary...3. 7 72 Turkey...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Montenegro...3. 7 74 Kazakhstan...3. 7 75 Croatia...3. 6 76 Lao PDR...3. 6 77 Spain...3. 6 78 El salvador...3. 5 79 Honduras...3. 5 80 Azerbaijan...3. 5 81 Lesotho...3. 5 82 Mexico...3. 5 83 Kuwait...3. 5 84 Armenia...3. 5 85 Burkina faso...3. 4 86 Senegal...3. 4 87 Cameroon...3. 4 88 Romania...3. 4 89 Bolivia...3. 3 90 Guyana...3. 3 91 Tanzania...3. 3 92 Brazil...3. 3 93 Sierra leone...3. 2 94 Trinidad and tobago...3. 2 95 Dominican republic...3. 2 96 Colombia...3. 2 97 Cape verde...3. 2 98 Ethiopia...3. 1 99 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 1 100 Malawi...3. 1 101 Nicaragua...3. 1 102 Tunisia...3. 1 103 Guatemala...3. 1 104 Thailand...3. 1 105 Vietnam...3. 1 106 Georgia...3. 0 107 Russian Federation...3. 0 108 Bulgaria...3. 0 109 Mali...3. 0 110 Egypt...2. 9 111 Nepal...2. 9 112 Albania...2. 9 113 Serbia...2. 9 114 Algeria...2. 9 115 Madagascar...2. 9 116 Zimbabwe...2. 9 117 Pakistan...2. 9 118 Moldova...2. 8 119 Peru...2. 8 120 Cambodia...2. 8 121 Gabon...2. 8 122 Mozambique...2. 7 123 Myanmar...2. 7 124 Uganda...2. 7 125 Mongolia...2. 7 126 Nigeria...2. 7 127 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 7 128 Suriname...2. 7 129 Ukraine...2. 7 130 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 131 Burundi...2. 6 132 Paraguay...2. 5 133 Bangladesh...2. 5 134 Chad...2. 5 135 Timor-Leste...2. 5 136 Argentina...2. 4 137 Yemen...2. 3 138 Angola...2. 3 139 Lebanon...2. 2 140 Guinea...2. 2 141 Mauritania...2. 2 142 Haiti...2. 2 143 Libya...1. 8 144 Venezuela...1. 6 1. 02 Intellectual property protection In your country, how strong is the protection of intellectual property, including anti-counterfeiting measures? 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 407  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 1 New zealand...6. 6 2 Denmark...6. 4 3 Finland...6. 3 4 Qatar...6. 2 5 Luxembourg...6. 1 6 Singapore...6. 1 7 United arab emirates...6. 0 8 Norway...5. 9 9 Switzerland...5. 9 10 Hong kong SAR...5. 8 11 Netherlands...5. 7 12 Ireland...5. 6 13 United kingdom...5. 6 14 Japan...5. 6 15 Sweden...5. 5 16 Belgium...5. 3 17 Australia...5. 3 18 Germany...5. 3 19 Rwanda...5. 3 20 Canada...5. 2 21 Uruguay...5. 2 22 Iceland...5. 1 23 Chile...5. 0 24 Oman...4. 8 25 Saudi arabia...4. 8 26 Malaysia...4. 8 27 France...4. 7 28 Estonia...4. 7 29 Bhutan...4. 6 30 United states...4. 6 31 Austria...4. 6 32 Georgia...4. 5 33 Barbados...4. 5 34 Taiwan, China...4. 4 35 Bahrain...4. 4 36 Botswana...4. 3 37 Cyprus...4. 3 38 Gambia, The...4. 2 39 Israel...4. 1 40 Malta...4. 1 41 Portugal...4. 0 42 Macedonia, FYR...4. 0 43 Jordan...4. 0 44 Puerto rico...3. 9 45 China...3. 9 46 Mauritius...3. 9 47 Morocco...3. 8 48 Cape verde...3. 8 49 Lesotho...3. 8 50 Poland...3. 8 51 Tajikistan...3. 7 52 Montenegro...3. 7 53 Seychelles...3. 7 54 Costa rica...3. 7 55 Bolivia...3. 5 56 Tunisia...3. 5 57 Kuwait...3. 5 58 Ghana...3. 4 59 Lao PDR...3. 4 60 India...3. 4 61 Kazakhstan...3. 4 62 Swaziland...3. 4 63 Indonesia...3. 4 64 Croatia...3. 3 65 Zambia...3. 3 66 Lithuania...3. 3 67 Korea, Rep...3. 3 68 Latvia...3. 3 69 Ethiopia...3. 2 70 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 71 El salvador...3. 2 72 Senegal...3. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 73 Namibia...3. 2 74 Turkey...3. 2 75 Timor-Leste...3. 2 76 Vietnam...3. 2 77 Azerbaijan...3. 1 78 Philippines...3. 1 79 Slovenia...3. 1 80 Armenia...3. 0 81 Greece...3. 0 82 Romania...3. 0 83 Kenya...3. 0 84 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 0 85 Sri lanka...3. 0 86 Jamaica...3. 0 87 Gabon...2. 9 88 Suriname...2. 9 89 Guyana...2. 9 90 Spain...2. 8 91 Tanzania...2. 8 92 Nepal...2. 8 93 Panama...2. 8 94 Pakistan...2. 8 95 Italy...2. 8 96 South africa...2. 8 97 Albania...2. 7 98 Czech republic...2. 7 99 Serbia...2. 7 100 Sierra leone...2. 7 101 Egypt...2. 7 102 Russian Federation...2. 7 103 Mongolia...2. 7 104 Peru...2. 7 105 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 7 106 Bangladesh...2. 6 107 Malawi...2. 6 108 Thailand...2. 6 109 Zimbabwe...2. 6 110 Hungary...2. 6 111 Nicaragua...2. 6 112 Algeria...2. 6 113 Cambodia...2. 6 114 Trinidad and tobago...2. 5 115 Mauritania...2. 5 116 Mali...2. 5 117 Honduras...2. 5 118 Bulgaria...2. 5 119 Mexico...2. 5 120 Haiti...2. 4 121 Cameroon...2. 4 122 Myanmar...2. 4 123 Moldova...2. 4 124 Ukraine...2. 4 125 Mozambique...2. 3 126 Madagascar...2. 3 127 Guatemala...2. 2 128 Colombia...2. 2 129 Burundi...2. 2 130 Slovak Republic...2. 2 131 Burkina faso...2. 1 132 Dominican republic...2. 1 133 Libya...2. 1 134 Uganda...2. 0 135 Brazil...2. 0 136 Guinea...2. 0 137 Lebanon...1. 9 138 Chad...1. 8 139 Angola...1. 8 140 Yemen...1. 8 141 Paraguay...1. 8 142 Nigeria...1. 8 143 Argentina...1. 7 144 Venezuela...1. 3 1. 03 Diversion of public funds In your country, how common is diversion of public funds to companies, individuals, or groups due to corruption? 1=very commonly occurs; 7=never occurs 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 408 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 1 7 1 Singapore...6. 2 2 Qatar...6. 1 3 United arab emirates...6. 0 4 Norway...5. 9 5 Finland...5. 7 6 New zealand...5. 7 7 Luxembourg...5. 4 8 Switzerland...5. 3 9 Netherlands...5. 3 10 Rwanda...5. 3 11 Sweden...5. 3 12 Saudi arabia...5. 1 13 Canada...4. 8 14 Oman...4. 8 15 Germany...4. 7 16 Denmark...4. 7 17 Malaysia...4. 7 18 Hong kong SAR...4. 6 19 United kingdom...4. 5 20 Uruguay...4. 5 21 Japan...4. 5 22 Ireland...4. 5 23 Belgium...4. 2 24 Bhutan...4. 1 25 Australia...4. 1 26 China...4. 1 27 Iceland...4. 0 28 Bahrain...4. 0 29 Lao PDR...3. 9 30 Taiwan, China...3. 9 31 Barbados...3. 9 32 Gambia, The...3. 8 33 Tajikistan...3. 8 34 Kazakhstan...3. 7 35 Chile...3. 7 36 Austria...3. 7 37 Indonesia...3. 6 38 Estonia...3. 6 39 Botswana...3. 6 40 Cape verde...3. 6 41 Jordan...3. 6 42 France...3. 5 43 Malta...3. 5 44 Montenegro...3. 5 45 Seychelles...3. 4 46 Azerbaijan...3. 4 47 Lesotho...3. 4 48 United states...3. 4 49 Vietnam...3. 4 50 India...3. 4 51 Bolivia...3. 3 52 Macedonia, FYR...3. 3 53 Morocco...3. 3 54 Swaziland...3. 3 55 Ghana...3. 2 56 Kuwait...3. 2 57 Puerto rico...3. 2 58 Cyprus...3. 2 59 Namibia...3. 2 60 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 61 Guyana...3. 2 62 Turkey...3. 1 63 Tunisia...3. 1 64 Senegal...3. 1 65 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 1 66 Mauritius...3. 1 67 Portugal...3. 0 68 El salvador...3. 0 69 Kenya...3. 0 70 Gabon...3. 0 71 Costa rica...3. 0 72 Myanmar...3. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 1 7 73 Zambia...3. 0 74 Russian Federation...3. 0 75 Timor-Leste...3. 0 76 Armenia...2. 9 77 Ethiopia...2. 9 78 Tanzania...2. 9 79 Georgia...2. 9 80 Algeria...2. 8 81 Israel...2. 8 82 Mali...2. 8 83 Lithuania...2. 7 84 Latvia...2. 7 85 Sri lanka...2. 7 86 Malawi...2. 7 87 Cameroon...2. 6 88 Sierra leone...2. 6 89 Philippines...2. 6 90 South africa...2. 6 91 Cambodia...2. 6 92 Burkina faso...2. 6 93 Egypt...2. 5 94 Uganda...2. 5 95 Jamaica...2. 4 96 Ukraine...2. 4 97 Korea, Rep...2. 4 98 Yemen...2. 4 99 Mozambique...2. 4 100 Honduras...2. 4 101 Poland...2. 4 102 Panama...2. 4 103 Chad...2. 4 104 Burundi...2. 3 105 Albania...2. 3 106 Greece...2. 3 107 Guinea...2. 3 108 Pakistan...2. 3 109 Romania...2. 3 110 Nicaragua...2. 3 111 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 3 112 Libya...2. 3 113 Hungary...2. 2 114 Mexico...2. 2 115 Mauritania...2. 2 116 Moldova...2. 2 117 Spain...2. 2 118 Serbia...2. 1 119 Mongolia...2. 1 120 Madagascar...2. 1 121 Slovak Republic...2. 1 122 Nepal...2. 1 123 Trinidad and tobago...2. 0 124 Croatia...2. 0 125 Colombia...2. 0 126 Haiti...2. 0 127 Suriname...2. 0 128 Dominican republic...2. 0 129 Thailand...1. 9 130 Bulgaria...1. 9 131 Peru...1. 9 132 Zimbabwe...1. 9 133 Slovenia...1. 9 134 Nigeria...1. 8 135 Angola...1. 8 136 Bangladesh...1. 8 137 Guatemala...1. 8 138 Czech republic...1. 7 139 Italy...1. 7 140 Brazil...1. 7 141 Argentina...1. 6 142 Paraguay...1. 4 143 Venezuela...1. 4 144 Lebanon...1. 3 1. 04 Public trust in politicians In your country, how would you rate the ethical standards of politicians? 1=extremely low; 7=extremely high 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 409  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes Average score across the five components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question: In your country, how common is it for firms to make undocumented extra payments or bribes in connection with (a) imports and exports;(b) public utilities;(c) annual tax payments;(d) awarding of public contracts and licenses;(e) obtaining favorable judicial decisions? In each case, the answer ranges from 1 very common to 7 never occurs. 2013†14 weighted average RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 1 New zealand...6. 7 2 Finland...6. 6 3 Singapore...6. 5 4 United arab emirates...6. 4 5 Qatar...6. 4 6 Luxembourg...6. 3 7 Norway...6. 3 8 Iceland...6. 3 9 Ireland...6. 3 10 Switzerland...6. 2 11 Japan...6. 2 12 Hong kong SAR...6. 2 13 Denmark...6. 2 14 Netherlands...6. 0 15 United kingdom...5. 9 16 Australia...5. 9 17 Canada...5. 8 18 Estonia...5. 8 19 Belgium...5. 8 20 Sweden...5. 7 21 Chile...5. 7 22 Saudi arabia...5. 6 23 Georgia...5. 6 24 Uruguay...5. 6 25 Germany...5. 6 26 Austria...5. 5 27 Rwanda...5. 5 28 Bahrain...5. 4 29 Oman...5. 4 30 France...5. 3 31 Taiwan, China...5. 2 32 Portugal...5. 2 33 Israel...5. 1 34 Cyprus...5. 0 35 Macedonia, FYR...5. 0 36 United states...5. 0 37 Malaysia...4. 9 38 Barbados...4. 9 39 Bhutan...4. 8 40 Botswana...4. 8 41 Latvia...4. 8 42 Slovenia...4. 7 43 Poland...4. 7 44 Puerto rico...4. 7 45 Mauritius...4. 6 46 Jordan...4. 6 47 Lithuania...4. 6 48 South africa...4. 5 49 Costa rica...4. 4 50 Spain...4. 4 51 Cape verde...4. 4 52 Korea, Rep...4. 4 53 Morocco...4. 3 54 Turkey...4. 3 55 Bulgaria...4. 2 56 Hungary...4. 2 57 Kuwait...4. 2 58 Lesotho...4. 2 59 Malta...4. 1 60 Gambia, The...4. 1 61 Namibia...4. 1 62 Gabon...4. 1 63 Seychelles...4. 1 64 Montenegro...4. 0 65 Egypt...4. 0 66 China...4. 0 67 Croatia...4. 0 68 Romania...3. 9 69 Serbia...3. 9 70 Czech republic...3. 9 71 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 72 Guatemala...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 73 Swaziland...3. 8 74 Italy...3. 8 75 Jamaica...3. 8 76 Armenia...3. 8 77 Tunisia...3. 8 78 Greece...3. 8 79 Panama...3. 8 80 Kazakhstan...3. 8 81 Peru...3. 8 82 Mongolia...3. 7 83 Zambia...3. 7 84 Thailand...3. 7 85 Azerbaijan...3. 6 86 Philippines...3. 6 87 Indonesia...3. 6 88 Tajikistan...3. 6 89 Brazil...3. 6 90 Honduras...3. 5 91 Sri lanka...3. 5 92 Senegal...3. 5 93 India...3. 5 94 Malawi...3. 5 95 El salvador...3. 5 96 Lao PDR...3. 4 97 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 98 Ghana...3. 4 99 Mexico...3. 4 100 Slovak Republic...3. 4 101 Zimbabwe...3. 4 102 Russian Federation...3. 4 103 Nicaragua...3. 4 104 Suriname...3. 4 105 Colombia...3. 3 106 Trinidad and tobago...3. 3 107 Dominican republic...3. 3 108 Kenya...3. 2 109 Vietnam...3. 2 110 Albania...3. 2 111 Timor-Leste...3. 1 112 Ethiopia...3. 1 113 Guyana...3. 1 114 Mozambique...3. 1 115 Cameroon...3. 1 116 Moldova...3. 0 117 Madagascar...3. 0 118 Ukraine...3. 0 119 Nepal...2. 9 120 Algeria...2. 9 121 Burkina faso...2. 9 122 Libya...2. 9 123 Pakistan...2. 9 124 Tanzania...2. 9 125 Burundi...2. 9 126 Haiti...2. 8 127 Argentina...2. 8 128 Uganda...2. 8 129 Cambodia...2. 8 130 Sierra leone...2. 7 131 Paraguay...2. 7 132 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 133 Bolivia...2. 6 134 Mali...2. 5 135 Nigeria...2. 5 136 Angola...2. 4 137 Venezuela...2. 4 138 Chad...2. 3 139 Myanmar...2. 3 140 Bangladesh...2. 3 141 Mauritania...2. 3 142 Lebanon...2. 2 143 Guinea...2. 1 144 Yemen...2. 1 SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 410 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 1 New zealand...6. 7 2 Finland...6. 6 3 Denmark...6. 5 4 Norway...6. 3 5 Hong kong SAR...6. 3 6 Ireland...6. 3 7 United kingdom...6. 2 8 Japan...6. 2 9 Canada...6. 2 10 Netherlands...6. 1 11 Switzerland...6. 1 12 Luxembourg...6. 0 13 Qatar...6. 0 14 Australia...5. 9 15 Germany...5. 9 16 Israel...5. 8 17 Sweden...5. 7 18 Belgium...5. 7 19 Estonia...5. 7 20 Singapore...5. 7 21 Uruguay...5. 6 22 United arab emirates...5. 6 23 Iceland...5. 5 24 South africa...5. 4 25 Barbados...5. 3 26 Saudi arabia...5. 2 27 Chile...5. 2 28 Austria...5. 2 29 Oman...5. 1 30 United states...5. 1 31 Mauritius...5. 1 32 Costa rica...5. 0 33 France...5. 0 34 Rwanda...4. 9 35 Botswana...4. 9 36 Malaysia...4. 9 37 Kuwait...4. 9 38 Bhutan...4. 8 39 Namibia...4. 7 40 Malta...4. 6 41 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 42 Jamaica...4. 5 43 Puerto rico...4. 5 44 Portugal...4. 5 45 Cyprus...4. 5 46 Jordan...4. 5 47 Bahrain...4. 4 48 Ghana...4. 4 49 Taiwan, China...4. 2 50 India...4. 2 51 Cape verde...4. 2 52 Kenya...4. 1 53 Seychelles...4. 1 54 Poland...4. 1 55 Lesotho...4. 1 56 Hungary...4. 0 57 Egypt...4. 0 58 Latvia...4. 0 59 Malawi...4. 0 60 China...4. 0 61 Lao PDR...3. 9 62 Czech republic...3. 9 63 Indonesia...3. 9 64 Suriname...3. 8 65 Georgia...3. 8 66 Gambia, The...3. 8 67 Pakistan...3. 8 68 Thailand...3. 8 69 Zambia...3. 7 70 Greece...3. 7 71 Lithuania...3. 6 72 Sri lanka...3. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 73 El salvador...3. 6 74 Tajikistan...3. 6 75 Tunisia...3. 6 76 Brazil...3. 6 77 Philippines...3. 6 78 Italy...3. 5 79 Macedonia, FYR...3. 5 80 Senegal...3. 5 81 Morocco...3. 5 82 Korea, Rep...3. 5 83 Swaziland...3. 5 84 Romania...3. 5 85 Algeria...3. 5 86 Kazakhstan...3. 4 87 Guyana...3. 4 88 Vietnam...3. 4 89 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 90 Montenegro...3. 4 91 Slovenia...3. 4 92 Nepal...3. 3 93 Timor-Leste...3. 3 94 Bolivia...3. 3 95 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 96 Tanzania...3. 2 97 Spain...3. 2 98 Mexico...3. 2 99 Azerbaijan...3. 2 100 Croatia...3. 2 101 Turkey...3. 1 102 Nigeria...3. 1 103 Mali...3. 1 104 Libya...3. 0 105 Guatemala...3. 0 106 Uganda...3. 0 107 Armenia...2. 9 108 Mongolia...2. 9 109 Russian Federation...2. 9 110 Ethiopia...2. 9 111 Gabon...2. 9 112 Colombia...2. 8 113 Cameroon...2. 8 114 Honduras...2. 8 115 Sierra leone...2. 8 116 Panama...2. 7 117 Myanmar...2. 6 118 Serbia...2. 6 119 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 5 120 Zimbabwe...2. 5 121 Dominican republic...2. 5 122 Albania...2. 5 123 Mozambique...2. 5 124 Peru...2. 5 125 Mauritania...2. 3 126 Bulgaria...2. 3 127 Argentina...2. 3 128 Yemen...2. 3 129 Cambodia...2. 3 130 Slovak Republic...2. 3 131 Nicaragua...2. 3 132 Bangladesh...2. 2 133 Chad...2. 2 134 Madagascar...2. 2 135 Haiti...2. 1 136 Burkina faso...2. 1 137 Angola...2. 1 138 Lebanon...2. 1 139 Guinea...2. 0 140 Ukraine...2. 0 141 Moldova...2. 0 142 Paraguay...1. 6 143 Burundi...1. 6 144 Venezuela...1. 1 1. 06 Judicial independence In your country, to what extent is the judiciary independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms? 1=heavily influenced; 7=entirely independent 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 411  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 2 7 1 Qatar...5. 6 2 New zealand...5. 5 3 Singapore...5. 4 4 Finland...5. 3 5 United arab emirates...5. 3 6 Netherlands...5. 1 7 Japan...5. 1 8 Norway...5. 1 9 Sweden...5. 0 10 Switzerland...4. 8 11 Luxembourg...4. 7 12 Germany...4. 7 13 Denmark...4. 6 14 Malaysia...4. 5 15 Ireland...4. 5 16 Rwanda...4. 5 17 United kingdom...4. 5 18 Canada...4. 4 19 Hong kong SAR...4. 3 20 Oman...4. 2 21 Taiwan, China...4. 1 22 China...4. 1 23 Estonia...4. 1 24 Belgium...4. 1 25 Saudi arabia...4. 1 26 Bahrain...4. 0 27 Chile...4. 0 28 Austria...4. 0 29 Australia...3. 9 30 France...3. 9 31 Uruguay...3. 9 32 Gambia, The...3. 9 33 Indonesia...3. 9 34 Jordan...3. 8 35 Iceland...3. 7 36 Egypt...3. 7 37 Bhutan...3. 7 38 Lao PDR...3. 7 39 Lesotho...3. 7 40 Bolivia...3. 6 41 Macedonia, FYR...3. 6 42 Botswana...3. 5 43 Tajikistan...3. 5 44 Morocco...3. 5 45 Costa rica...3. 5 46 Montenegro...3. 5 47 United states...3. 5 48 Georgia...3. 4 49 India...3. 4 50 Cape verde...3. 4 51 Zambia...3. 4 52 Barbados...3. 3 53 Kazakhstan...3. 3 54 Portugal...3. 3 55 Azerbaijan...3. 3 56 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 57 Seychelles...3. 2 58 Senegal...3. 2 59 Turkey...3. 2 60 Tunisia...3. 2 61 Tanzania...3. 2 62 Lithuania...3. 2 63 Cyprus...3. 2 64 Swaziland...3. 2 65 Gabon...3. 1 66 Philippines...3. 1 67 Poland...3. 1 68 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 1 69 Albania...3. 1 70 Latvia...3. 1 71 Armenia...3. 1 72 Malta...3. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 2 7 73 Mauritius...3. 0 74 Vietnam...3. 0 75 Kenya...3. 0 76 Ghana...3. 0 77 Algeria...3. 0 78 Spain...3. 0 79 Israel...2. 9 80 El salvador...2. 9 81 Kuwait...2. 9 82 Korea, Rep...2. 9 83 Puerto rico...2. 9 84 Namibia...2. 9 85 Burkina faso...2. 8 86 Ethiopia...2. 8 87 Russian Federation...2. 8 88 Thailand...2. 8 89 Panama...2. 8 90 Honduras...2. 8 91 Nepal...2. 8 92 Cameroon...2. 8 93 Guyana...2. 8 94 Jamaica...2. 8 95 Mali...2. 7 96 Madagascar...2. 7 97 Malawi...2. 7 98 Sri lanka...2. 7 99 Mexico...2. 7 100 Peru...2. 7 101 Pakistan...2. 6 102 Cambodia...2. 6 103 Uganda...2. 6 104 South africa...2. 6 105 Nicaragua...2. 6 106 Czech republic...2. 6 107 Colombia...2. 6 108 Brazil...2. 6 109 Greece...2. 6 110 Guatemala...2. 6 111 Slovenia...2. 6 112 Timor-Leste...2. 5 113 Haiti...2. 5 114 Romania...2. 5 115 Mozambique...2. 5 116 Ukraine...2. 5 117 Zimbabwe...2. 5 118 Sierra leone...2. 5 119 Croatia...2. 5 120 Serbia...2. 4 121 Burundi...2. 4 122 Hungary...2. 4 123 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 3 124 Libya...2. 3 125 Mongolia...2. 3 126 Nigeria...2. 3 127 Myanmar...2. 3 128 Mauritania...2. 3 129 Suriname...2. 3 130 Moldova...2. 3 131 Bangladesh...2. 2 132 Dominican republic...2. 2 133 Chad...2. 1 134 Bulgaria...2. 1 135 Italy...2. 1 136 Yemen...2. 1 137 Trinidad and tobago...2. 1 138 Guinea...2. 0 139 Paraguay...2. 0 140 Angola...2. 0 141 Slovak Republic...1. 9 142 Lebanon...1. 7 143 Argentina...1. 7 144 Venezuela...1. 5 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials In your country, to what extent do government officials show favoritism to well-connected firms and individuals when deciding upon policies and contracts? 1=always show favoritism; 7=never show favoritism 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 412 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 2 7 1 Qatar...6. 0 2 United arab emirates...6. 0 3 Singapore...5. 9 4 Rwanda...5. 7 5 New zealand...5. 1 6 Oman...5. 1 7 Czech republic...5. 0 8 Malaysia...4. 9 9 Finland...4. 8 10 Sweden...4. 8 11 Switzerland...4. 8 12 Saudi arabia...4. 7 13 Norway...4. 6 14 Hong kong SAR...4. 5 15 Bhutan...4. 5 16 Luxembourg...4. 5 17 Bahrain...4. 3 18 Netherlands...4. 3 19 Estonia...4. 3 20 Germany...4. 2 21 Chile...4. 2 22 Japan...4. 1 23 Canada...4. 1 24 China...4. 1 25 Lao PDR...4. 1 26 Botswana...4. 1 27 Gambia, The...4. 0 28 Tajikistan...3. 9 29 Indonesia...3. 9 30 Macedonia, FYR...3. 8 31 Ireland...3. 8 32 Jordan...3. 8 33 United kingdom...3. 8 34 Malta...3. 8 35 Iceland...3. 8 36 Denmark...3. 8 37 Turkey...3. 7 38 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 7 39 Lesotho...3. 7 40 Kazakhstan...3. 7 41 Morocco...3. 6 42 Cape verde...3. 6 43 Taiwan, China...3. 6 44 Mauritius...3. 6 45 Senegal...3. 6 46 Zambia...3. 6 47 Ghana...3. 5 48 Seychelles...3. 5 49 India...3. 5 50 Sri lanka...3. 5 51 Australia...3. 5 52 Azerbaijan...3. 5 53 Austria...3. 4 54 Ethiopia...3. 4 55 Montenegro...3. 4 56 Cyprus...3. 4 57 Barbados...3. 4 58 Panama...3. 3 59 Belgium...3. 3 60 Philippines...3. 3 61 Kenya...3. 3 62 Bolivia...3. 3 63 Albania...3. 3 64 Tunisia...3. 3 65 Gabon...3. 2 66 El salvador...3. 2 67 Georgia...3. 2 68 Korea, Rep...3. 2 69 Mali...3. 2 70 Namibia...3. 2 71 Guyana...3. 1 72 France...3. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 2 7 73 United states...3. 1 74 Algeria...3. 1 75 Sierra leone...3. 0 76 Armenia...3. 0 77 Israel...3. 0 78 Myanmar...3. 0 79 Latvia...3. 0 80 Nicaragua...3. 0 81 Swaziland...3. 0 82 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 9 83 Vietnam...2. 9 84 Tanzania...2. 9 85 Poland...2. 9 86 Cameroon...2. 8 87 Russian Federation...2. 8 88 Portugal...2. 8 89 South africa...2. 8 90 Lithuania...2. 8 91 Burkina faso...2. 8 92 Kuwait...2. 8 93 Angola...2. 8 94 Timor-Leste...2. 7 95 Mozambique...2. 7 96 Hungary...2. 6 97 Guinea...2. 6 98 Bulgaria...2. 6 99 Mexico...2. 6 100 Mauritania...2. 6 101 Colombia...2. 6 102 Moldova...2. 6 103 Pakistan...2. 6 104 Uruguay...2. 6 105 Chad...2. 6 106 Malawi...2. 6 107 Bangladesh...2. 6 108 Haiti...2. 5 109 Uganda...2. 5 110 Cambodia...2. 5 111 Nepal...2. 5 112 Puerto rico...2. 5 113 Spain...2. 5 114 Trinidad and tobago...2. 5 115 Thailand...2. 5 116 Romania...2. 5 117 Madagascar...2. 4 118 Dominican republic...2. 4 119 Peru...2. 4 120 Costa rica...2. 4 121 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 4 122 Suriname...2. 4 123 Mongolia...2. 3 124 Burundi...2. 3 125 Jamaica...2. 3 126 Slovak Republic...2. 3 127 Honduras...2. 3 128 Guatemala...2. 3 129 Croatia...2. 2 130 Egypt...2. 2 131 Greece...2. 2 132 Serbia...2. 2 133 Slovenia...2. 2 134 Nigeria...2. 2 135 Zimbabwe...2. 1 136 Libya...2. 0 137 Brazil...1. 9 138 Ukraine...1. 9 139 Italy...1. 9 140 Paraguay...1. 9 141 Yemen...1. 8 142 Argentina...1. 5 143 Lebanon...1. 4 144 Venezuela...1. 2 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending In your country, how efficiently does the government spend public revenue? 1=extremely inefficient; 7=extremely efficient in providing goods and services 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 413  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 1 Qatar...5. 2 2 Singapore...5. 2 3 United arab emirates...5. 2 4 Malaysia...5. 0 5 Hong kong SAR...5. 0 6 Rwanda...4. 8 7 Finland...4. 5 8 Georgia...4. 5 9 Luxembourg...4. 3 10 Estonia...4. 3 11 Bahrain...4. 3 12 Switzerland...4. 2 13 Seychelles...4. 2 14 Oman...4. 2 15 Cyprus...4. 1 16 Barbados...4. 1 17 New zealand...4. 1 18 Tajikistan...4. 1 19 China...4. 1 20 Sweden...4. 0 21 Chile...4. 0 22 Ireland...4. 0 23 Indonesia...4. 0 24 Panama...4. 0 25 Gambia, The...4. 0 26 Lao PDR...4. 0 27 Macedonia, FYR...4. 0 28 Albania...4. 0 29 Senegal...4. 0 30 Netherlands...3. 9 31 Lesotho...3. 9 32 Azerbaijan...3. 9 33 Jordan...3. 9 34 Taiwan, China...3. 9 35 Zambia...3. 9 36 Mauritius...3. 9 37 United kingdom...3. 9 38 Norway...3. 8 39 Canada...3. 8 40 Paraguay...3. 8 41 Iceland...3. 8 42 Uganda...3. 7 43 Armenia...3. 7 44 Malawi...3. 7 45 Saudi arabia...3. 7 46 Egypt...3. 7 47 Bhutan...3. 7 48 Kenya...3. 6 49 Cape verde...3. 6 50 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 6 51 Guatemala...3. 6 52 Sierra leone...3. 6 53 Morocco...3. 6 54 Guyana...3. 6 55 Germany...3. 6 56 Burkina faso...3. 6 57 Bolivia...3. 6 58 Montenegro...3. 6 59 India...3. 6 60 Swaziland...3. 6 61 Tanzania...3. 6 62 El salvador...3. 5 63 Kazakhstan...3. 5 64 Japan...3. 5 65 Mozambique...3. 5 66 Tunisia...3. 5 67 Botswana...3. 5 68 Guinea...3. 5 69 Madagascar...3. 5 70 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 71 Turkey...3. 5 72 Namibia...3. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 73 Philippines...3. 4 74 Ghana...3. 4 75 Latvia...3. 4 76 Malta...3. 4 77 Honduras...3. 4 78 Gabon...3. 4 79 Cameroon...3. 4 80 Denmark...3. 4 81 Dominican republic...3. 4 82 United states...3. 4 83 Austria...3. 4 84 Uruguay...3. 4 85 Cambodia...3. 4 86 Nicaragua...3. 3 87 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 3 88 Costa rica...3. 3 89 Thailand...3. 3 90 Ethiopia...3. 3 91 Sri lanka...3. 3 92 Haiti...3. 2 93 Suriname...3. 2 94 Romania...3. 2 95 Mali...3. 2 96 Korea, Rep...3. 2 97 Burundi...3. 1 98 Mauritania...3. 1 99 Nigeria...3. 1 100 Timor-Leste...3. 1 101 Vietnam...3. 1 102 Bulgaria...3. 1 103 Pakistan...3. 1 104 Algeria...3. 1 105 Lithuania...3. 0 106 Nepal...3. 0 107 Yemen...3. 0 108 Portugal...3. 0 109 Bangladesh...3. 0 110 Moldova...2. 9 111 Russian Federation...2. 9 112 Myanmar...2. 9 113 Chad...2. 9 114 Mongolia...2. 9 115 Ukraine...2. 9 116 Israel...2. 9 117 Poland...2. 9 118 Mexico...2. 9 119 Zimbabwe...2. 8 120 South africa...2. 8 121 France...2. 8 122 Colombia...2. 8 123 Spain...2. 8 124 Australia...2. 8 125 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 8 126 Jamaica...2. 7 127 Peru...2. 7 128 Angola...2. 7 129 Hungary...2. 6 130 Belgium...2. 6 131 Lebanon...2. 6 132 Czech republic...2. 6 133 Slovenia...2. 5 134 Libya...2. 5 135 Kuwait...2. 5 136 Greece...2. 4 137 Slovak Republic...2. 4 138 Puerto rico...2. 4 139 Argentina...2. 3 140 Serbia...2. 2 141 Croatia...2. 2 142 Italy...1. 9 143 Brazil...1. 9 144 Venezuela...1. 6 1. 09 Burden of government regulation In your country, how burdensome is it for businesses to comply with governmental administrative requirements (e g.,, permits, regulations, reporting)? 1=extremely burdensome; 7=not burdensome at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 414 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Singapore...6. 2 2 Finland...6. 0 3 Hong kong SAR...5. 9 4 New zealand...5. 9 5 United kingdom...5. 7 6 Qatar...5. 7 7 Norway...5. 6 8 Switzerland...5. 6 9 Netherlands...5. 5 10 Canada...5. 5 11 Germany...5. 4 12 Luxembourg...5. 4 13 Sweden...5. 4 14 Malaysia...5. 3 15 South africa...5. 2 16 Rwanda...5. 2 17 United arab emirates...5. 2 18 Japan...5. 2 19 Puerto rico...5. 1 20 Denmark...5. 0 21 Ireland...4. 9 22 Mauritius...4. 9 23 United states...4. 9 24 Austria...4. 9 25 Iceland...4. 9 26 Australia...4. 8 27 Oman...4. 8 28 Sri lanka...4. 6 29 Namibia...4. 5 30 Chile...4. 4 31 Jordan...4. 4 32 Botswana...4. 4 33 Zambia...4. 4 34 Saudi arabia...4. 4 35 Gambia, The...4. 4 36 Barbados...4. 3 37 Malta...4. 3 38 Lao PDR...4. 3 39 Estonia...4. 3 40 Bahrain...4. 2 41 France...4. 2 42 Belgium...4. 2 43 Indonesia...4. 1 44 Bhutan...4. 1 45 Ghana...4. 1 46 Israel...4. 1 47 Kenya...4. 1 48 Taiwan, China...4. 1 49 China...4. 1 50 Uruguay...4. 0 51 Cyprus...4. 0 52 Seychelles...4. 0 53 Macedonia, FYR...4. 0 54 Tajikistan...3. 9 55 Swaziland...3. 9 56 Turkey...3. 8 57 India...3. 8 58 Senegal...3. 8 59 Kazakhstan...3. 8 60 Azerbaijan...3. 8 61 Uganda...3. 8 62 Thailand...3. 8 63 Costa rica...3. 8 64 Tanzania...3. 7 65 Kuwait...3. 7 66 Bolivia...3. 7 67 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 7 68 Philippines...3. 7 69 Montenegro...3. 7 70 Lesotho...3. 7 71 Georgia...3. 7 72 Malawi...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Morocco...3. 7 74 Panama...3. 6 75 Tunisia...3. 6 76 Honduras...3. 6 77 Cape verde...3. 6 78 Cameroon...3. 5 79 Gabon...3. 5 80 Guyana...3. 5 81 Burkina faso...3. 5 82 Korea, Rep...3. 5 83 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 84 Lithuania...3. 5 85 El salvador...3. 5 86 Dominican republic...3. 4 87 Mali...3. 4 88 Jamaica...3. 4 89 Vietnam...3. 4 90 Spain...3. 4 91 Colombia...3. 4 92 Sierra leone...3. 4 93 Zimbabwe...3. 4 94 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 95 Armenia...3. 4 96 Guatemala...3. 3 97 Ethiopia...3. 3 98 Nigeria...3. 3 99 Mexico...3. 3 100 Czech republic...3. 3 101 Pakistan...3. 3 102 Nicaragua...3. 3 103 Mozambique...3. 3 104 Hungary...3. 3 105 Egypt...3. 3 106 Romania...3. 2 107 Brazil...3. 2 108 Algeria...3. 2 109 Mongolia...3. 2 110 Russian Federation...3. 2 111 Portugal...3. 1 112 Peru...3. 1 113 Timor-Leste...3. 1 114 Cambodia...3. 1 115 Suriname...3. 0 116 Latvia...3. 0 117 Madagascar...2. 9 118 Poland...2. 9 119 Albania...2. 9 120 Nepal...2. 9 121 Burundi...2. 9 122 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 9 123 Bangladesh...2. 9 124 Bulgaria...2. 8 125 Myanmar...2. 7 126 Greece...2. 7 127 Moldova...2. 7 128 Serbia...2. 7 129 Ukraine...2. 6 130 Argentina...2. 6 131 Slovenia...2. 6 132 Lebanon...2. 5 133 Chad...2. 5 134 Croatia...2. 5 135 Libya...2. 4 136 Paraguay...2. 4 137 Slovak Republic...2. 4 138 Mauritania...2. 4 139 Haiti...2. 4 140 Angola...2. 3 141 Yemen...2. 3 142 Guinea...2. 3 143 Italy...2. 0 144 Venezuela...1. 5 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes In your country, how efficient is the legal framework for private businesses in settling disputes? 1=extremely inefficient; 7=extremely efficient 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 415  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 1 Finland...5. 6 2 New zealand...5. 5 3 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 4 Qatar...5. 3 5 Netherlands...5. 2 6 Luxembourg...5. 1 7 United kingdom...5. 1 8 Switzerland...4. 9 9 South africa...4. 9 10 Norway...4. 8 11 Canada...4. 8 12 Germany...4. 8 13 Malaysia...4. 8 14 Sweden...4. 7 15 United arab emirates...4. 7 16 Ireland...4. 7 17 Iceland...4. 5 18 United states...4. 4 19 Japan...4. 4 20 Puerto rico...4. 4 21 Singapore...4. 4 22 Jordan...4. 4 23 Estonia...4. 3 24 Rwanda...4. 3 25 France...4. 2 26 Australia...4. 1 27 Saudi arabia...4. 1 28 Costa rica...4. 1 29 Austria...4. 1 30 Mauritius...4. 1 31 Cyprus...4. 1 32 Belgium...4. 1 33 Chile...4. 1 34 Barbados...4. 0 35 Israel...4. 0 36 Namibia...3. 9 37 Oman...3. 9 38 Indonesia...3. 8 39 Bahrain...3. 8 40 Uruguay...3. 8 41 Botswana...3. 8 42 Kenya...3. 8 43 India...3. 8 44 Denmark...3. 7 45 Kuwait...3. 7 46 Senegal...3. 7 47 China...3. 6 48 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 6 49 Malawi...3. 6 50 Malta...3. 6 51 Azerbaijan...3. 5 52 Turkey...3. 5 53 Jamaica...3. 5 54 Guatemala...3. 5 55 Tajikistan...3. 5 56 Philippines...3. 5 57 Guyana...3. 5 58 Mali...3. 5 59 Swaziland...3. 5 60 Kazakhstan...3. 5 61 Honduras...3. 5 62 Lesotho...3. 5 63 Tunisia...3. 4 64 Ghana...3. 4 65 Dominican republic...3. 4 66 Cape verde...3. 4 67 Bolivia...3. 4 68 El salvador...3. 4 69 Panama...3. 4 70 Seychelles...3. 4 71 Zambia...3. 3 72 Thailand...3. 3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 73 Morocco...3. 3 74 Cameroon...3. 3 75 Taiwan, China...3. 3 76 Gambia, The...3. 3 77 Portugal...3. 3 78 Tanzania...3. 3 79 Sri lanka...3. 3 80 Vietnam...3. 2 81 Montenegro...3. 2 82 Egypt...3. 2 83 Georgia...3. 2 84 Uganda...3. 2 85 Paraguay...3. 2 86 Spain...3. 2 87 Bhutan...3. 2 88 Mexico...3. 1 89 Pakistan...3. 1 90 Trinidad and tobago...3. 1 91 Colombia...3. 1 92 Macedonia, FYR...3. 1 93 Romania...3. 1 94 Brazil...3. 1 95 Latvia...3. 0 96 Albania...3. 0 97 Gabon...3. 0 98 Armenia...2. 9 99 Russian Federation...2. 9 100 Burundi...2. 9 101 Nepal...2. 9 102 Bangladesh...2. 9 103 Suriname...2. 9 104 Algeria...2. 9 105 Nigeria...2. 9 106 Lao PDR...2. 8 107 Burkina faso...2. 8 108 Lithuania...2. 8 109 Peru...2. 8 110 Poland...2. 8 111 Timor-Leste...2. 8 112 Mozambique...2. 8 113 Korea, Rep...2. 8 114 Greece...2. 7 115 Czech republic...2. 7 116 Cambodia...2. 7 117 Madagascar...2. 7 118 Nicaragua...2. 6 119 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 120 Zimbabwe...2. 5 121 Hungary...2. 5 122 Mongolia...2. 5 123 Yemen...2. 5 124 Bulgaria...2. 5 125 Ethiopia...2. 4 126 Guinea...2. 4 127 Libya...2. 4 128 Myanmar...2. 4 129 Serbia...2. 3 130 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 3 131 Ukraine...2. 3 132 Sierra leone...2. 3 133 Slovenia...2. 3 134 Moldova...2. 3 135 Italy...2. 2 136 Slovak Republic...2. 2 137 Haiti...2. 2 138 Croatia...2. 1 139 Lebanon...2. 1 140 Mauritania...2. 1 141 Angola...2. 0 142 Chad...2. 0 143 Argentina...1. 9 144 Venezuela...1. 2 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations In your country, how easy is it for private businesses to challenge government actions and/or regulations through the legal system? 1=extremely difficult; 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 416 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 Singapore...6. 1 2 New zealand...5. 8 3 Finland...5. 8 4 Hong kong SAR...5. 8 5 Qatar...5. 7 6 Luxembourg...5. 6 7 Switzerland...5. 6 8 Rwanda...5. 5 9 Taiwan, China...5. 4 10 United arab emirates...5. 4 11 Japan...5. 3 12 Norway...5. 3 13 Sweden...5. 2 14 Netherlands...5. 2 15 Malaysia...5. 2 16 United kingdom...5. 2 17 Ireland...5. 1 18 Canada...5. 1 19 Chile...5. 0 20 Estonia...5. 0 21 Austria...4. 8 22 Germany...4. 8 23 Iceland...4. 7 24 Georgia...4. 7 25 Cyprus...4. 7 26 Bahrain...4. 7 27 Uruguay...4. 7 28 Lithuania...4. 7 29 Macedonia, FYR...4. 6 30 Jordan...4. 6 31 Oman...4. 5 32 Denmark...4. 5 33 China...4. 5 34 Mauritius...4. 5 35 South africa...4. 5 36 Zambia...4. 5 37 Barbados...4. 5 38 Saudi arabia...4. 5 39 Armenia...4. 5 40 Kazakhstan...4. 5 41 Gambia, The...4. 4 42 Turkey...4. 4 43 Latvia...4. 4 44 United states...4. 4 45 Guatemala...4. 4 46 Montenegro...4. 4 47 Morocco...4. 3 48 Azerbaijan...4. 3 49 Botswana...4. 3 50 Costa rica...4. 3 51 Australia...4. 3 52 Indonesia...4. 2 53 Panama...4. 2 54 Dominican republic...4. 2 55 Slovenia...4. 2 56 Belgium...4. 1 57 Senegal...4. 1 58 Kenya...4. 1 59 Seychelles...4. 1 60 Cape verde...4. 1 61 Honduras...4. 1 62 Cameroon...4. 0 63 Israel...4. 0 64 India...4. 0 65 Malta...4. 0 66 Puerto rico...4. 0 67 Albania...4. 0 68 Russian Federation...4. 0 69 Moldova...4. 0 70 France...4. 0 71 Lesotho...3. 9 72 Egypt...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 Paraguay...3. 9 74 Slovak Republic...3. 9 75 Mexico...3. 9 76 Bhutan...3. 9 77 Ghana...3. 9 78 Namibia...3. 9 79 Swaziland...3. 9 80 Uganda...3. 9 81 Portugal...3. 9 82 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 8 83 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 8 84 Colombia...3. 8 85 Philippines...3. 8 86 Romania...3. 8 87 Mongolia...3. 8 88 Sri lanka...3. 8 89 Guyana...3. 8 90 Tunisia...3. 8 91 Sierra leone...3. 8 92 Peru...3. 7 93 Gabon...3. 7 94 El salvador...3. 7 95 Tajikistan...3. 7 96 Yemen...3. 7 97 Mali...3. 7 98 Trinidad and tobago...3. 7 99 Czech republic...3. 7 100 Thailand...3. 7 101 Nicaragua...3. 6 102 Malawi...3. 6 103 Kuwait...3. 6 104 Ukraine...3. 6 105 Spain...3. 6 106 Bolivia...3. 6 107 Algeria...3. 6 108 Serbia...3. 6 109 Jamaica...3. 6 110 Poland...3. 6 111 Tanzania...3. 6 112 Mozambique...3. 6 113 Lao PDR...3. 5 114 Bangladesh...3. 5 115 Zimbabwe...3. 5 116 Vietnam...3. 5 117 Nepal...3. 5 118 Pakistan...3. 4 119 Hungary...3. 4 120 Greece...3. 4 121 Croatia...3. 3 122 Suriname...3. 3 123 Burkina faso...3. 3 124 Bulgaria...3. 3 125 Ethiopia...3. 3 126 Nigeria...3. 2 127 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 128 Brazil...3. 2 129 Timor-Leste...3. 2 130 Cambodia...3. 2 131 Burundi...3. 2 132 Madagascar...3. 1 133 Korea, Rep...3. 1 134 Guinea...3. 0 135 Argentina...3. 0 136 Myanmar...2. 9 137 Angola...2. 9 138 Lebanon...2. 9 139 Libya...2. 9 140 Chad...2. 8 141 Haiti...2. 7 142 Mauritania...2. 6 143 Italy...2. 5 144 Venezuela...2. 3 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking In your country, how easy is it for businesses to obtain information about changes in government policies and regulations affecting their activities? 1=extremely difficult 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 417  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 1 7 1 Finland...6. 7 2 Slovenia...6. 6 3 Iceland...6. 5 4 Uruguay...6. 5 5 Croatia...6. 5 6 Austria...6. 5 7 Portugal...6. 5 8 Zimbabwe...6. 5 9 Qatar...6. 4 10 United arab emirates...6. 4 11 Oman...6. 3 12 Mauritius...6. 3 13 Hungary...6. 2 14 Costa rica...6. 2 15 Suriname...6. 2 16 Luxembourg...6. 2 17 Sri lanka...6. 2 18 Estonia...6. 2 19 Moldova...6. 1 20 Botswana...6. 1 21 Barbados...6. 1 22 Argentina...6. 1 23 Brazil...6. 1 24 Ireland...6. 1 25 New zealand...6. 0 26 Belgium...6. 0 27 Poland...6. 0 28 Cyprus...6. 0 29 Zambia...6. 0 30 South africa...6. 0 31 Puerto rico...6. 0 32 Mongolia...5. 9 33 Taiwan, China...5. 9 34 Switzerland...5. 9 35 Georgia...5. 9 36 Latvia...5. 9 37 Rwanda...5. 9 38 Slovak Republic...5. 9 39 Namibia...5. 8 40 Montenegro...5. 8 41 Bhutan...5. 8 42 Czech republic...5. 8 43 Australia...5. 8 44 Gambia, The...5. 8 45 Sweden...5. 8 46 Armenia...5. 7 47 Malawi...5. 7 48 Azerbaijan...5. 7 49 Hong kong SAR...5. 7 50 Singapore...5. 7 51 Netherlands...5. 7 52 Lithuania...5. 7 53 Macedonia, FYR...5. 6 54 Italy...5. 6 55 Malta...5. 6 56 Chile...5. 5 57 Jamaica...5. 5 58 Serbia...5. 5 59 Gabon...5. 5 60 Germany...5. 5 61 Guinea...5. 5 62 Saudi arabia...5. 4 63 Trinidad and tobago...5. 4 64 Norway...5. 4 65 Malaysia...5. 4 66 Albania...5. 4 67 Morocco...5. 4 68 Kazakhstan...5. 3 69 Greece...5. 3 70 Haiti...5. 3 71 Swaziland...5. 3 72 Kuwait...5. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 1 7 73 Panama...5. 2 74 Canada...5. 2 75 Cape verde...5. 2 76 Lesotho...5. 2 77 Venezuela...5. 2 78 Lao PDR...5. 2 79 Nicaragua...5. 2 80 Japan...5. 1 81 Bulgaria...5. 1 82 United kingdom...5. 1 83 Spain...5. 0 84 Jordan...5. 0 85 China...5. 0 86 Sierra leone...5. 0 87 Cameroon...5. 0 88 Guatemala...4. 9 89 Dominican republic...4. 9 90 Ethiopia...4. 9 91 Guyana...4. 9 92 Timor-Leste...4. 9 93 Paraguay...4. 9 94 Vietnam...4. 8 95 Denmark...4. 8 96 Angola...4. 8 97 Romania...4. 8 98 Mexico...4. 7 99 Tanzania...4. 7 100 Cambodia...4. 7 101 Senegal...4. 7 102 Honduras...4. 7 103 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 7 104 Russian Federation...4. 6 105 Indonesia...4. 6 106 Burundi...4. 6 107 Seychelles...4. 6 108 Tajikistan...4. 6 109 France...4. 6 110 Philippines...4. 6 111 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 5 112 Madagascar...4. 5 113 Mozambique...4. 4 114 Bangladesh...4. 4 115 Korea, Rep...4. 4 116 Mauritania...4. 4 117 Ukraine...4. 4 118 United states...4. 2 119 Nepal...4. 1 120 Bahrain...4. 1 121 Thailand...4. 1 122 Bolivia...4. 0 123 Turkey...4. 0 124 Peru...4. 0 125 India...4. 0 126 Ghana...3. 9 127 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 128 Burkina faso...3. 9 129 Algeria...3. 8 130 El salvador...3. 7 131 Uganda...3. 6 132 Israel...3. 4 133 Tunisia...3. 3 134 Chad...3. 2 135 Kenya...3. 0 136 Myanmar...2. 9 137 Nigeria...2. 8 138 Colombia...2. 7 139 Pakistan...2. 7 140 Lebanon...2. 6 141 Mali...2. 5 142 Libya...2. 4 143 Egypt...2. 4 144 Yemen...2. 3 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism In your country, to what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent; 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 418 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 1 Qatar...6. 5 2 United arab emirates...6. 5 3 Finland...6. 3 4 Singapore...6. 2 5 Oman...6. 1 6 Rwanda...6. 1 7 Iceland...6. 1 8 Austria...6. 1 9 Luxembourg...6. 1 10 Portugal...6. 0 11 Taiwan, China...5. 7 12 Hong kong SAR...5. 7 13 Malta...5. 7 14 Cyprus...5. 7 15 Azerbaijan...5. 7 16 New zealand...5. 7 17 Saudi arabia...5. 6 18 Bhutan...5. 6 19 Switzerland...5. 6 20 Norway...5. 6 21 Slovenia...5. 5 22 Armenia...5. 5 23 Ireland...5. 5 24 Estonia...5. 5 25 Australia...5. 5 26 Belgium...5. 5 27 Poland...5. 4 28 Morocco...5. 3 29 Georgia...5. 3 30 Kuwait...5. 2 31 Netherlands...5. 2 32 Croatia...5. 2 33 Japan...5. 2 34 Canada...5. 2 35 Mauritius...5. 2 36 Germany...5. 2 37 Spain...5. 2 38 Latvia...5. 2 39 Sweden...5. 2 40 Gambia, The...5. 2 41 Jordan...5. 1 42 United kingdom...5. 0 43 Lao PDR...5. 0 44 Ethiopia...5. 0 45 Greece...4. 9 46 Moldova...4. 9 47 Malaysia...4. 9 48 Lithuania...4. 8 49 Israel...4. 8 50 Czech republic...4. 8 51 Macedonia, FYR...4. 8 52 China...4. 8 53 Kazakhstan...4. 8 54 Sri lanka...4. 8 55 Mongolia...4. 8 56 Hungary...4. 8 57 Mauritania...4. 7 58 Zimbabwe...4. 7 59 Montenegro...4. 7 60 Denmark...4. 7 61 Chile...4. 6 62 Zambia...4. 6 63 Slovak Republic...4. 5 64 Vietnam...4. 5 65 Senegal...4. 5 66 Nicaragua...4. 5 67 Turkey...4. 5 68 Bahrain...4. 5 69 Swaziland...4. 5 70 Russian Federation...4. 5 71 Gabon...4. 4 72 Cameroon...4. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 73 Tajikistan...4. 4 74 Romania...4. 4 75 Albania...4. 3 76 Korea, Rep...4. 3 77 Philippines...4. 3 78 Suriname...4. 3 79 France...4. 3 80 Indonesia...4. 3 81 Italy...4. 3 82 Bulgaria...4. 3 83 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 2 84 Thailand...4. 2 85 United states...4. 2 86 Serbia...4. 2 87 Seychelles...4. 2 88 Tanzania...4. 1 89 Barbados...4. 1 90 Botswana...4. 1 91 Cambodia...4. 1 92 Costa rica...4. 0 93 Algeria...4. 0 94 Namibia...4. 0 95 Panama...3. 9 96 Lesotho...3. 9 97 Ukraine...3. 9 98 India...3. 8 99 Timor-Leste...3. 8 100 Uruguay...3. 8 101 Cape verde...3. 8 102 Sierra leone...3. 8 103 Burkina faso...3. 8 104 Ghana...3. 7 105 Guyana...3. 7 106 Madagascar...3. 7 107 Tunisia...3. 6 108 Bolivia...3. 6 109 Guinea...3. 6 110 Paraguay...3. 6 111 Malawi...3. 6 112 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 6 113 Lebanon...3. 6 114 Angola...3. 6 115 Burundi...3. 5 116 Bangladesh...3. 5 117 Mozambique...3. 4 118 Uganda...3. 4 119 Nepal...3. 4 120 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 121 Dominican republic...3. 3 122 Puerto rico...3. 3 123 Argentina...3. 2 124 Brazil...3. 2 125 Myanmar...3. 1 126 Chad...3. 0 127 Peru...3. 0 128 Haiti...3. 0 129 Kenya...3. 0 130 Nigeria...2. 9 131 Mali...2. 9 132 Pakistan...2. 8 133 South africa...2. 8 134 Colombia...2. 7 135 Mexico...2. 7 136 El salvador...2. 7 137 Egypt...2. 5 138 Libya...2. 5 139 Yemen...2. 4 140 Honduras...2. 4 141 Trinidad and tobago...2. 3 142 Guatemala...2. 1 143 Jamaica...2. 1 144 Venezuela...1. 9 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence In your country, to what extent does the incidence of crime and violence impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent; 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 419  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 8 7 1 United arab emirates...6. 8 2 Qatar...6. 7 3 Oman...6. 7 4 Singapore...6. 6 5 Finland...6. 6 6 Iceland...6. 5 7 New zealand...6. 5 8 Austria...6. 5 9 Rwanda...6. 4 10 Saudi arabia...6. 4 11 Luxembourg...6. 3 12 Estonia...6. 3 13 Portugal...6. 3 14 Bahrain...6. 3 15 Barbados...6. 1 16 Bhutan...6. 1 17 Norway...6. 1 18 Belgium...6. 1 19 Netherlands...6. 0 20 Mauritius...6. 0 21 Uruguay...6. 0 22 Switzerland...5. 9 23 Australia...5. 9 24 Ireland...5. 9 25 Hong kong SAR...5. 8 26 Malta...5. 8 27 Georgia...5. 8 28 Taiwan, China...5. 8 29 United kingdom...5. 8 30 Cyprus...5. 7 31 Zimbabwe...5. 7 32 Gambia, The...5. 7 33 Morocco...5. 7 34 Latvia...5. 7 35 Poland...5. 6 36 Sweden...5. 6 37 Jordan...5. 6 38 Botswana...5. 6 39 Germany...5. 5 40 Azerbaijan...5. 5 41 Slovenia...5. 5 42 Greece...5. 5 43 Kuwait...5. 5 44 Spain...5. 5 45 Chile...5. 5 46 Denmark...5. 5 47 Zambia...5. 5 48 Ethiopia...5. 4 49 Croatia...5. 4 50 Canada...5. 3 51 Malaysia...5. 2 52 Japan...5. 2 53 Costa rica...5. 2 54 Puerto rico...5. 2 55 Lithuania...5. 1 56 Malawi...5. 1 57 Armenia...5. 1 58 Suriname...5. 1 59 Czech republic...5. 0 60 Nicaragua...5. 0 61 Seychelles...4. 9 62 France...4. 9 63 Hungary...4. 9 64 Mauritania...4. 9 65 Macedonia, FYR...4. 8 66 Tajikistan...4. 8 67 Sri lanka...4. 8 68 Swaziland...4. 8 69 Philippines...4. 7 70 China...4. 7 71 Lao PDR...4. 7 72 Mongolia...4. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 8 7 73 United states...4. 7 74 Kazakhstan...4. 7 75 Israel...4. 7 76 Namibia...4. 7 77 Tanzania...4. 7 78 Vietnam...4. 6 79 Cameroon...4. 6 80 Montenegro...4. 6 81 Gabon...4. 6 82 Slovak Republic...4. 6 83 Moldova...4. 6 84 Burkina faso...4. 6 85 Lesotho...4. 5 86 Cambodia...4. 5 87 Panama...4. 5 88 Lebanon...4. 5 89 Thailand...4. 5 90 Turkey...4. 4 91 Paraguay...4. 4 92 Guyana...4. 3 93 Korea, Rep...4. 3 94 Algeria...4. 3 95 Albania...4. 3 96 Senegal...4. 3 97 Bangladesh...4. 3 98 Timor-Leste...4. 3 99 South africa...4. 3 100 Cape verde...4. 3 101 Russian Federation...4. 2 102 Indonesia...4. 2 103 Tunisia...4. 2 104 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 2 105 Romania...4. 1 106 Serbia...4. 1 107 Guinea...4. 1 108 Uganda...4. 1 109 Argentina...4. 1 110 Madagascar...4. 1 111 Sierra leone...4. 0 112 Trinidad and tobago...4. 0 113 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 0 114 India...4. 0 115 Dominican republic...4. 0 116 Libya...4. 0 117 Bulgaria...4. 0 118 Ghana...3. 9 119 Brazil...3. 9 120 Haiti...3. 9 121 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 8 122 Burundi...3. 8 123 Bolivia...3. 7 124 Nigeria...3. 7 125 Kenya...3. 7 126 Ukraine...3. 6 127 Egypt...3. 5 128 Angola...3. 5 129 Nepal...3. 5 130 Mozambique...3. 5 131 Chad...3. 5 132 Italy...3. 3 133 Yemen...3. 3 134 Mali...3. 2 135 Peru...3. 1 136 Myanmar...3. 1 137 Pakistan...3. 0 138 Jamaica...2. 9 139 Colombia...2. 8 140 Mexico...2. 7 141 Venezuela...2. 7 142 Honduras...2. 7 143 El salvador...2. 7 144 Guatemala...2. 5 1. 15 Organized crime In your country, to what extent does oriented organized crime (mafia racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent; 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 420 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Finland...6. 7 2 New zealand...6. 5 3 Qatar...6. 3 4 Chile...6. 3 5 Switzerland...6. 2 6 Hong kong SAR...6. 2 7 United arab emirates...6. 2 8 Singapore...6. 2 9 Luxembourg...6. 1 10 Iceland...6. 1 11 Canada...6. 1 12 Ireland...6. 1 13 Norway...6. 1 14 Australia...6. 1 15 Denmark...6. 0 16 Netherlands...6. 0 17 Japan...6. 0 18 Austria...5. 9 19 Germany...5. 9 20 Spain...5. 8 21 Rwanda...5. 8 22 United states...5. 7 23 Belgium...5. 7 24 Sweden...5. 7 25 Barbados...5. 6 26 United kingdom...5. 6 27 Oman...5. 6 28 Georgia...5. 4 29 Portugal...5. 3 30 France...5. 3 31 Jordan...5. 3 32 Estonia...5. 3 33 Malta...5. 3 34 Saudi arabia...5. 2 35 Malaysia...5. 1 36 Bahrain...5. 0 37 Taiwan, China...5. 0 38 Costa rica...5. 0 39 Bhutan...4. 9 40 Slovenia...4. 9 41 Morocco...4. 9 42 Italy...4. 8 43 Puerto rico...4. 8 44 Cyprus...4. 7 45 Lesotho...4. 7 46 Latvia...4. 6 47 Senegal...4. 6 48 Korea, Rep...4. 6 49 Gambia, The...4. 6 50 Swaziland...4. 6 51 Mauritius...4. 5 52 Panama...4. 5 53 Macedonia, FYR...4. 5 54 Suriname...4. 4 55 Croatia...4. 4 56 Cape verde...4. 4 57 Kuwait...4. 4 58 Greece...4. 4 59 Montenegro...4. 3 60 Lithuania...4. 3 61 China...4. 3 62 Cameroon...4. 3 63 Botswana...4. 3 64 Lao PDR...4. 2 65 Romania...4. 2 66 Hungary...4. 1 67 Indonesia...4. 1 68 Seychelles...4. 1 69 Israel...4. 1 70 Tunisia...4. 1 71 Azerbaijan...4. 1 72 Ghana...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Uruguay...4. 1 74 Algeria...4. 1 75 Czech republic...4. 1 76 Poland...4. 1 77 Burkina faso...4. 0 78 Colombia...4. 0 79 Zambia...4. 0 80 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 0 81 Armenia...4. 0 82 Malawi...4. 0 83 Brazil...3. 9 84 Namibia...3. 9 85 Kenya...3. 9 86 Tajikistan...3. 9 87 Nepal...3. 8 88 India...3. 8 89 Serbia...3. 8 90 Mali...3. 8 91 Kazakhstan...3. 8 92 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 8 93 Ethiopia...3. 8 94 Mongolia...3. 7 95 Uganda...3. 7 96 Albania...3. 7 97 El salvador...3. 7 98 Nicaragua...3. 7 99 Vietnam...3. 7 100 Sri lanka...3. 7 101 Philippines...3. 6 102 South africa...3. 6 103 Turkey...3. 6 104 Timor-Leste...3. 6 105 Jamaica...3. 6 106 Slovak Republic...3. 6 107 Gabon...3. 5 108 Tanzania...3. 5 109 Bolivia...3. 5 110 Sierra leone...3. 4 111 Egypt...3. 3 112 Bulgaria...3. 3 113 Thailand...3. 2 114 Russian Federation...3. 2 115 Honduras...3. 2 116 Moldova...3. 1 117 Trinidad and tobago...3. 1 118 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 1 119 Guinea...3. 0 120 Haiti...3. 0 121 Mauritania...3. 0 122 Zimbabwe...3. 0 123 Cambodia...2. 9 124 Guatemala...2. 9 125 Mozambique...2. 9 126 Myanmar...2. 9 127 Pakistan...2. 8 128 Mexico...2. 8 129 Angola...2. 8 130 Madagascar...2. 8 131 Guyana...2. 8 132 Lebanon...2. 8 133 Argentina...2. 7 134 Chad...2. 6 135 Ukraine...2. 6 136 Nigeria...2. 6 137 Peru...2. 6 138 Bangladesh...2. 6 139 Dominican republic...2. 6 140 Yemen...2. 3 141 Paraguay...2. 3 142 Burundi...2. 2 143 Libya...2. 0 144 Venezuela...1. 7 1. 16 Reliability of police services In your country, to what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order? 1=cannot be relied upon at all; 7=can be relied completely upon 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 421  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 New zealand...6. 5 2 Finland...6. 4 3 Singapore...6. 2 4 Denmark...6. 2 5 Switzerland...6. 2 6 Norway...6. 2 7 Japan...6. 0 8 Luxembourg...6. 0 9 Qatar...5. 9 10 Netherlands...5. 9 11 United arab emirates...5. 8 12 Sweden...5. 8 13 Canada...5. 6 14 United kingdom...5. 6 15 Australia...5. 6 16 Germany...5. 6 17 Ireland...5. 6 18 Hong kong SAR...5. 5 19 Belgium...5. 5 20 Austria...5. 5 21 Iceland...5. 5 22 Rwanda...5. 3 23 Malaysia...5. 3 24 France...5. 1 25 Oman...5. 0 26 Chile...5. 0 27 Bahrain...5. 0 28 Barbados...5. 0 29 Taiwan, China...4. 9 30 Saudi arabia...4. 9 31 Uruguay...4. 9 32 Estonia...4. 9 33 United states...4. 8 34 Puerto rico...4. 8 35 South africa...4. 7 36 Jordan...4. 6 37 Mauritius...4. 6 38 Bhutan...4. 5 39 Botswana...4. 5 40 Gambia, The...4. 5 41 Costa rica...4. 5 42 Portugal...4. 5 43 Israel...4. 4 44 Malta...4. 3 45 Macedonia, FYR...4. 3 46 Lithuania...4. 3 47 Indonesia...4. 3 48 Kazakhstan...4. 3 49 Philippines...4. 3 50 Gabon...4. 3 51 Cyprus...4. 2 52 Morocco...4. 2 53 Namibia...4. 2 54 Georgia...4. 2 55 China...4. 2 56 Latvia...4. 1 57 Poland...4. 1 58 Seychelles...4. 1 59 Swaziland...4. 1 60 Cape verde...4. 1 61 Kuwait...4. 0 62 Senegal...4. 0 63 Lesotho...4. 0 64 Azerbaijan...4. 0 65 Lao PDR...4. 0 66 Zambia...4. 0 67 Tajikistan...4. 0 68 Turkey...4. 0 69 Egypt...3. 9 70 Panama...3. 9 71 Croatia...3. 9 72 Russian Federation...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Kenya...3. 9 74 Jamaica...3. 9 75 Tunisia...3. 9 76 Montenegro...3. 9 77 Ghana...3. 9 78 Malawi...3. 9 79 Guatemala...3. 9 80 Bolivia...3. 9 81 Slovenia...3. 8 82 Sri lanka...3. 8 83 Uganda...3. 8 84 Spain...3. 8 85 El salvador...3. 8 86 Honduras...3. 8 87 Mali...3. 8 88 India...3. 8 89 Cambodia...3. 8 90 Armenia...3. 8 91 Mongolia...3. 7 92 Thailand...3. 7 93 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 7 94 Czech republic...3. 7 95 Korea, Rep...3. 7 96 Hungary...3. 7 97 Cameroon...3. 7 98 Ukraine...3. 7 99 Greece...3. 7 100 Algeria...3. 7 101 Bulgaria...3. 7 102 Mexico...3. 7 103 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 7 104 Guyana...3. 6 105 Italy...3. 6 106 Zimbabwe...3. 6 107 Brazil...3. 6 108 Suriname...3. 6 109 Vietnam...3. 6 110 Colombia...3. 6 111 Pakistan...3. 5 112 Romania...3. 5 113 Sierra leone...3. 5 114 Timor-Leste...3. 5 115 Peru...3. 5 116 Tanzania...3. 5 117 Moldova...3. 5 118 Nicaragua...3. 5 119 Serbia...3. 4 120 Madagascar...3. 4 121 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 122 Burkina faso...3. 4 123 Slovak Republic...3. 4 124 Dominican republic...3. 4 125 Trinidad and tobago...3. 4 126 Yemen...3. 4 127 Libya...3. 4 128 Nepal...3. 3 129 Ethiopia...3. 3 130 Mozambique...3. 3 131 Albania...3. 3 132 Nigeria...3. 3 133 Myanmar...3. 2 134 Chad...3. 2 135 Burundi...3. 1 136 Haiti...3. 1 137 Guinea...3. 1 138 Argentina...3. 0 139 Venezuela...2. 9 140 Bangladesh...2. 9 141 Lebanon...2. 9 142 Paraguay...2. 9 143 Mauritania...2. 7 144 Angola...2. 6 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms In your country, how would you rate the corporate ethics of companies (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials, politicians, and other firms? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 422 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 6 7 1 South africa...6. 7 2 Finland...6. 4 3 New zealand...6. 4 4 Norway...6. 3 5 Singapore...6. 2 6 Canada...6. 2 7 Hong kong SAR...6. 2 8 Luxembourg...6. 2 9 Puerto rico...6. 1 10 Qatar...6. 0 11 Japan...5. 9 12 Netherlands...5. 9 13 Malta...5. 9 14 Sweden...5. 9 15 Australia...5. 9 16 United kingdom...5. 8 17 Bahrain...5. 8 18 Switzerland...5. 7 19 Malaysia...5. 7 20 Taiwan, China...5. 7 21 Austria...5. 7 22 Barbados...5. 6 23 Germany...5. 6 24 Estonia...5. 5 25 Mauritius...5. 5 26 United arab emirates...5. 5 27 France...5. 5 28 Denmark...5. 5 29 Oman...5. 5 30 Belgium...5. 5 31 Israel...5. 5 32 United states...5. 5 33 Saudi arabia...5. 5 34 Namibia...5. 4 35 Jamaica...5. 3 36 Slovak Republic...5. 2 37 Hungary...5. 2 38 Zimbabwe...5. 2 39 Chile...5. 2 40 Latvia...5. 2 41 Brazil...5. 2 42 Iceland...5. 2 43 Botswana...5. 2 44 Panama...5. 1 45 Costa rica...5. 1 46 Uruguay...5. 1 47 Thailand...5. 1 48 Philippines...5. 1 49 Morocco...5. 0 50 Mexico...5. 0 51 Peru...5. 0 52 Cyprus...5. 0 53 Portugal...4. 9 54 Jordan...4. 9 55 Sri lanka...4. 9 56 Czech republic...4. 9 57 Honduras...4. 9 58 Poland...4. 9 59 Lithuania...4. 9 60 Bulgaria...4. 9 61 Macedonia, FYR...4. 9 62 Ireland...4. 9 63 Rwanda...4. 8 64 Swaziland...4. 8 65 Guatemala...4. 8 66 Turkey...4. 8 67 Zambia...4. 7 68 Kenya...4. 7 69 Bhutan...4. 7 70 Malawi...4. 7 71 Gambia, The...4. 7 72 Indonesia...4. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 6 7 73 Kuwait...4. 6 74 Gabon...4. 6 75 Dominican republic...4. 5 76 Senegal...4. 5 77 Colombia...4. 5 78 Tunisia...4. 5 79 Kazakhstan...4. 5 80 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 5 81 Spain...4. 5 82 China...4. 4 83 Armenia...4. 4 84 Korea, Rep...4. 4 85 Georgia...4. 4 86 Burkina faso...4. 3 87 Trinidad and tobago...4. 3 88 Nigeria...4. 3 89 Greece...4. 3 90 Pakistan...4. 3 91 Slovenia...4. 3 92 Seychelles...4. 3 93 Romania...4. 3 94 Croatia...4. 3 95 Azerbaijan...4. 2 96 Venezuela...4. 2 97 Nicaragua...4. 2 98 Lebanon...4. 2 99 Italy...4. 2 100 Moldova...4. 2 101 Ghana...4. 2 102 India...4. 2 103 Montenegro...4. 1 104 Madagascar...4. 1 105 Paraguay...4. 1 106 Russian Federation...4. 1 107 Sierra leone...4. 1 108 Ethiopia...4. 0 109 Serbia...4. 0 110 Mozambique...3. 9 111 Argentina...3. 9 112 Cape verde...3. 9 113 Guyana...3. 9 114 Uganda...3. 9 115 Cameroon...3. 9 116 Tajikistan...3. 9 117 Egypt...3. 8 118 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 8 119 Tanzania...3. 8 120 El salvador...3. 8 121 Nepal...3. 8 122 Lao PDR...3. 8 123 Bolivia...3. 8 124 Ukraine...3. 7 125 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 7 126 Albania...3. 7 127 Cambodia...3. 7 128 Haiti...3. 6 129 Burundi...3. 6 130 Mongolia...3. 6 131 Suriname...3. 6 132 Vietnam...3. 4 133 Bangladesh...3. 4 134 Algeria...3. 4 135 Mali...3. 3 136 Chad...3. 2 137 Guinea...3. 1 138 Timor-Leste...3. 0 139 Lesotho...2. 8 140 Myanmar...2. 6 141 Angola...2. 6 142 Mauritania...2. 6 143 Yemen...2. 3 144 Libya...2. 2 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards In your country, how strong are financial auditing and reporting standards? 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 423  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 6 7 1 New zealand...6. 1 2 Norway...6. 0 3 South africa...6. 0 4 Finland...6. 0 5 Singapore...5. 9 6 Luxembourg...5. 8 7 Netherlands...5. 7 8 Australia...5. 7 9 Canada...5. 6 10 Malaysia...5. 6 11 Sweden...5. 6 12 Qatar...5. 5 13 Belgium...5. 5 14 Puerto rico...5. 5 15 United arab emirates...5. 5 16 United states...5. 4 17 United kingdom...5. 4 18 Japan...5. 4 19 Switzerland...5. 4 20 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 21 Germany...5. 3 22 France...5. 2 23 Ireland...5. 2 24 Denmark...5. 2 25 Estonia...5. 2 26 Guatemala...5. 2 27 Austria...5. 2 28 Chile...5. 2 29 Philippines...5. 1 30 Lao PDR...5. 1 31 Peru...5. 1 32 Iceland...5. 1 33 Sri lanka...5. 1 34 Lithuania...5. 0 35 Rwanda...5. 0 36 Taiwan, China...5. 0 37 Oman...5. 0 38 Latvia...5. 0 39 Mauritius...5. 0 40 Colombia...5. 0 41 Costa rica...5. 0 42 Barbados...4. 9 43 Honduras...4. 9 44 Gabon...4. 9 45 Bahrain...4. 9 46 Gambia, The...4. 9 47 Zambia...4. 9 48 Seychelles...4. 9 49 Saudi arabia...4. 9 50 Jamaica...4. 8 51 Bhutan...4. 8 52 Morocco...4. 8 53 Indonesia...4. 8 54 Cameroon...4. 8 55 Kenya...4. 8 56 Brazil...4. 8 57 Botswana...4. 8 58 Malawi...4. 7 59 Senegal...4. 7 60 Thailand...4. 7 61 Kazakhstan...4. 7 62 Dominican republic...4. 6 63 Uganda...4. 6 64 Russian Federation...4. 6 65 Burkina faso...4. 6 66 Malta...4. 6 67 Namibia...4. 6 68 Czech republic...4. 6 69 Sierra leone...4. 5 70 Uruguay...4. 5 71 Panama...4. 5 72 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 6 7 73 El salvador...4. 5 74 Spain...4. 5 75 Swaziland...4. 5 76 Portugal...4. 5 77 Macedonia, FYR...4. 5 78 China...4. 5 79 Turkey...4. 4 80 Nigeria...4. 4 81 Mexico...4. 4 82 Azerbaijan...4. 4 83 Slovak Republic...4. 4 84 Albania...4. 4 85 Madagascar...4. 4 86 Ukraine...4. 4 87 Poland...4. 3 88 Zimbabwe...4. 3 89 Israel...4. 3 90 Cyprus...4. 3 91 Burundi...4. 3 92 Jordan...4. 3 93 Guyana...4. 3 94 India...4. 3 95 Moldova...4. 2 96 Croatia...4. 2 97 Cambodia...4. 2 98 Venezuela...4. 2 99 Mozambique...4. 2 100 Ghana...4. 2 101 Georgia...4. 2 102 Guinea...4. 2 103 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 2 104 Armenia...4. 2 105 Argentina...4. 1 106 Bulgaria...4. 1 107 Cape verde...4. 1 108 Tunisia...4. 1 109 Montenegro...4. 1 110 Trinidad and tobago...4. 1 111 Nicaragua...4. 1 112 Romania...4. 1 113 Bolivia...4. 1 114 Myanmar...4. 1 115 Nepal...4. 0 116 Tanzania...4. 0 117 Ethiopia...4. 0 118 Paraguay...4. 0 119 Pakistan...4. 0 120 Hungary...3. 9 121 Italy...3. 9 122 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 123 Tajikistan...3. 9 124 Greece...3. 9 125 Serbia...3. 8 126 Korea, Rep...3. 8 127 Kuwait...3. 8 128 Vietnam...3. 8 129 Mongolia...3. 8 130 Suriname...3. 8 131 Haiti...3. 8 132 Bangladesh...3. 8 133 Lebanon...3. 7 134 Slovenia...3. 7 135 Lesotho...3. 6 136 Egypt...3. 6 137 Algeria...3. 5 138 Mali...3. 5 139 Chad...3. 5 140 Yemen...3. 4 141 Timor-Leste...3. 3 142 Mauritania...2. 8 143 Angola...2. 7 144 Libya...2. 4 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards In your country, how would you characterize corporate governance by investors and boards of directors? 1=management has little accountability to investors and boards 7=management is highly accountable to investors and boards 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 424 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 1 Finland...6. 2 2 South africa...6. 1 3 Puerto rico...6. 1 4 New zealand...6. 1 5 Qatar...6. 0 6 Norway...5. 9 7 Luxembourg...5. 5 8 Hong kong SAR...5. 5 9 Sweden...5. 5 10 Singapore...5. 5 11 Canada...5. 4 12 Netherlands...5. 4 13 Malaysia...5. 3 14 Japan...5. 3 15 United kingdom...5. 3 16 United arab emirates...5. 3 17 Oman...5. 2 18 Mauritius...5. 2 19 Bahrain...5. 1 20 Taiwan, China...5. 1 21 Australia...5. 0 22 Saudi arabia...5. 0 23 United states...5. 0 24 Belgium...4. 9 25 Thailand...4. 9 26 Denmark...4. 8 27 Ireland...4. 8 28 Sri lanka...4. 8 29 Malta...4. 8 30 Namibia...4. 8 31 Austria...4. 8 32 Switzerland...4. 7 33 Costa rica...4. 7 34 Rwanda...4. 7 35 Brazil...4. 7 36 Zambia...4. 7 37 Uruguay...4. 7 38 Germany...4. 7 39 Jordan...4. 7 40 Indonesia...4. 6 41 Jamaica...4. 6 42 Chile...4. 6 43 Botswana...4. 6 44 Israel...4. 5 45 Philippines...4. 5 46 Iceland...4. 4 47 Portugal...4. 4 48 Gambia, The...4. 4 49 Estonia...4. 4 50 Malawi...4. 4 51 Barbados...4. 4 52 Seychelles...4. 4 53 Macedonia, FYR...4. 4 54 Panama...4. 4 55 France...4. 4 56 Swaziland...4. 3 57 Turkey...4. 3 58 Lao PDR...4. 3 59 Morocco...4. 3 60 Kenya...4. 3 61 Cyprus...4. 3 62 Mexico...4. 3 63 Greece...4. 3 64 Peru...4. 3 65 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 3 66 Bhutan...4. 2 67 China...4. 1 68 Colombia...4. 1 69 Kazakhstan...4. 1 70 Gabon...4. 1 71 Czech republic...4. 1 72 Hungary...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 73 Kuwait...4. 1 74 Zimbabwe...4. 1 75 Dominican republic...4. 1 76 India...4. 1 77 Guatemala...4. 0 78 Ghana...4. 0 79 Pakistan...4. 0 80 Honduras...4. 0 81 Poland...4. 0 82 Tunisia...4. 0 83 Bulgaria...3. 9 84 Montenegro...3. 9 85 Ethiopia...3. 9 86 Cameroon...3. 9 87 Latvia...3. 9 88 Azerbaijan...3. 9 89 Lithuania...3. 9 90 Nigeria...3. 8 91 Slovak Republic...3. 8 92 Guyana...3. 8 93 Albania...3. 8 94 Spain...3. 7 95 Senegal...3. 7 96 Bolivia...3. 7 97 Armenia...3. 7 98 Cape verde...3. 7 99 Romania...3. 6 100 Cambodia...3. 6 101 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 6 102 Burkina faso...3. 6 103 Sierra leone...3. 6 104 Mali...3. 6 105 Croatia...3. 6 106 Tanzania...3. 6 107 Paraguay...3. 5 108 Nicaragua...3. 5 109 Egypt...3. 5 110 Georgia...3. 5 111 Mongolia...3. 5 112 Tajikistan...3. 5 113 Algeria...3. 5 114 Mozambique...3. 5 115 Argentina...3. 5 116 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 117 Moldova...3. 5 118 Russian Federation...3. 5 119 Korea, Rep...3. 4 120 Madagascar...3. 4 121 Lebanon...3. 4 122 Vietnam...3. 4 123 Uganda...3. 4 124 Slovenia...3. 4 125 El salvador...3. 3 126 Nepal...3. 3 127 Italy...3. 3 128 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 129 Suriname...3. 2 130 Lesotho...3. 1 131 Burundi...3. 1 132 Venezuela...3. 0 133 Bangladesh...3. 0 134 Yemen...3. 0 135 Guinea...3. 0 136 Haiti...2. 9 137 Myanmar...2. 8 138 Serbia...2. 8 139 Ukraine...2. 8 140 Chad...2. 8 141 Timor-Leste...2. 8 142 Angola...2. 5 143 Mauritania...2. 4 144 Libya...2. 4 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests In your country, to what extent are the interests of minority shareholders protected by the legal system? 1=not protected at all; 7=fully protected 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 425  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 New zealand...9. 7 2 Singapore...9. 3 3 Hong kong SAR...9. 0 4 Canada...8. 7 4 Malaysia...8. 7 6 Colombia...8. 3 6 Ireland...8. 3 6 Israel...8. 3 6 United states...8. 3 10 South africa...8. 0 10 United kingdom...8. 0 12 Mauritius...7. 7 12 Thailand...7. 7 14 Albania...7. 3 14 Slovenia...7. 3 16 Belgium...7. 0 16 Georgia...7. 0 16 Japan...7. 0 16 Macedonia, FYR...7. 0 16 Peru...7. 0 16 Puerto rico...7. 0 22 Armenia...6. 7 22 Azerbaijan...6. 7 22 Bangladesh...6. 7 22 Kazakhstan...6. 7 22 Kyrgyz Republic...6. 7 22 Mongolia...6. 7 22 Norway...6. 7 22 Rwanda...6. 7 22 Saudi arabia...6. 7 22 Sierra leone...6. 7 22 Tajikistan...6. 7 22 Trinidad and tobago...6. 7 34 Burundi...6. 3 34 Chile...6. 3 34 Cyprus...6. 3 34 Denmark...6. 3 34 Ghana...6. 3 34 India...6. 3 34 Montenegro...6. 3 34 Pakistan...6. 3 34 Sweden...6. 3 34 Taiwan, China...6. 3 34 Turkey...6. 3 45 Botswana...6. 0 45 Bulgaria...6. 0 45 Iceland...6. 0 45 Indonesia...6. 0 45 Italy...6. 0 45 Korea, Rep...6. 0 45 Mozambique...6. 0 45 Poland...6. 0 45 Portugal...6. 0 45 Romania...6. 0 45 Sri lanka...6. 0 45 Tunisia...6. 0 57 Australia...5. 7 57 Estonia...5. 7 57 Finland...5. 7 57 Latvia...5. 7 57 Lithuania...5. 7 57 Madagascar...5. 7 57 Malta...5. 7 57 Mexico...5. 7 57 Nigeria...5. 7 57 Paraguay...5. 7 57 Seychelles...5. 7 68 Angola...5. 3 68 Brazil...5. 3 68 Cambodia...5. 3 68 France...5. 3 68 Greece...5. 3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 68 Guyana...5. 3 68 Jamaica...5. 3 68 Kuwait...5. 3 68 Malawi...5. 3 68 Moldova...5. 3 68 Namibia...5. 3 68 Nepal...5. 3 68 Panama...5. 3 68 Serbia...5. 3 68 Zambia...5. 3 83 Algeria...5. 0 83 Argentina...5. 0 83 Austria...5. 0 83 China...5. 0 83 Czech republic...5. 0 83 Dominican republic...5. 0 83 Germany...5. 0 83 Kenya...5. 0 83 Lebanon...5. 0 83 Lesotho...5. 0 83 Oman...5. 0 83 Spain...5. 0 83 Tanzania...5. 0 83 United arab emirates...5. 0 83 Uruguay...5. 0 98 Bahrain...4. 7 98 Morocco...4. 7 98 Netherlands...4. 7 98 Russian Federation...4. 7 98 Slovak Republic...4. 7 98 Timor-Leste...4. 7 98 Uganda...4. 7 105 Cameroon...4. 3 105 Hungary...4. 3 105 Luxembourg...4. 3 105 Philippines...4. 3 105 Qatar...4. 3 105 Swaziland...4. 3 105 Ukraine...4. 3 105 Zimbabwe...4. 3 113 Bolivia...4. 0 113 Cape verde...4. 0 113 Nicaragua...4. 0 113 Yemen...4. 0 117 Bhutan...3. 7 117 Burkina faso...3. 7 117 Egypt...3. 7 117 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 7 117 Mali...3. 7 117 Mauritania...3. 7 123 Chad...3. 3 123 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 123 Croatia...3. 3 123 Ethiopia...3. 3 123 Gabon...3. 3 123 Guatemala...3. 3 123 Vietnam...3. 3 130 Barbados...3. 0 130 Costa rica...3. 0 130 El salvador...3. 0 130 Haiti...3. 0 130 Honduras...3. 0 130 Jordan...3. 0 130 Senegal...3. 0 130 Switzerland...3. 0 138 Gambia, The...2. 7 138 Guinea...2. 7 140 Myanmar...2. 3 140 Venezuela...2. 3 142 Suriname...2. 0 143 Lao PDR...1. 7 143 Libya...1. 7 1. 21 Strength of investor protection Strength of Investor Protection Index on a 0†10 (best) scale 2013 SOURCE: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 2. 2: Data Tables 426 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 2 Infrastructure Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Switzerland...6. 6 2 Hong kong SAR...6. 5 3 United arab emirates...6. 4 4 Finland...6. 4 5 Singapore...6. 3 6 Netherlands...6. 3 7 Austria...6. 2 8 Iceland...6. 2 9 Japan...6. 2 10 France...6. 1 11 Germany...6. 0 12 Portugal...6. 0 13 Spain...5. 9 14 Luxembourg...5. 9 15 Denmark...5. 8 16 United states...5. 8 17 Belgium...5. 8 18 Sweden...5. 7 19 Canada...5. 6 20 Malaysia...5. 6 21 Bahrain...5. 6 22 Barbados...5. 6 23 Korea, Rep...5. 5 24 Taiwan, China...5. 5 25 Oman...5. 4 26 Qatar...5. 4 27 United kingdom...5. 3 28 Norway...5. 3 29 Saudi arabia...5. 2 30 Cyprus...5. 2 31 Estonia...5. 2 32 New zealand...5. 1 33 Turkey...5. 1 34 Slovenia...5. 1 35 Australia...5. 1 36 Ireland...5. 1 37 Sri lanka...5. 0 38 Czech republic...5. 0 39 Panama...5. 0 40 Latvia...5. 0 41 Hungary...5. 0 42 Namibia...5. 0 43 Lithuania...4. 9 44 Croatia...4. 9 45 Puerto rico...4. 9 46 Malta...4. 9 47 Azerbaijan...4. 8 48 Jordan...4. 8 49 Mauritius...4. 7 50 Chile...4. 7 51 Seychelles...4. 7 52 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 53 Bhutan...4. 6 54 Georgia...4. 6 55 Morocco...4. 6 56 Italy...4. 6 57 Greece...4. 6 58 El salvador...4. 6 59 South africa...4. 5 60 Guatemala...4. 5 61 Armenia...4. 4 62 Kazakhstan...4. 4 63 Israel...4. 4 64 China...4. 4 65 Kenya...4. 3 66 Lao PDR...4. 3 67 Kuwait...4. 3 68 Rwanda...4. 3 69 Mexico...4. 2 70 Jamaica...4. 2 71 Gambia, The...4. 2 72 Indonesia...4. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Slovak Republic...4. 2 74 Russian Federation...4. 1 75 Ukraine...4. 1 76 Thailand...4. 1 77 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 0 78 Swaziland...4. 0 79 Poland...4. 0 80 Uruguay...4. 0 81 Suriname...4. 0 82 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 83 Tunisia...3. 9 84 Macedonia, FYR...3. 9 85 Guyana...3. 8 86 Moldova...3. 8 87 Albania...3. 8 88 Romania...3. 8 89 Botswana...3. 8 90 India...3. 7 91 Montenegro...3. 7 92 Zambia...3. 7 93 Dominican republic...3. 7 94 Cape verde...3. 7 95 Philippines...3. 7 96 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 6 97 Senegal...3. 6 98 Lesotho...3. 6 99 Bolivia...3. 6 100 Bulgaria...3. 6 101 Mali...3. 6 102 Algeria...3. 6 103 Costa rica...3. 6 104 Uganda...3. 5 105 Peru...3. 5 106 Honduras...3. 5 107 Tajikistan...3. 4 108 Colombia...3. 4 109 Cambodia...3. 4 110 Ghana...3. 4 111 Serbia...3. 3 112 Vietnam...3. 3 113 Pakistan...3. 3 114 Nicaragua...3. 3 115 Ethiopia...3. 2 116 Cameroon...3. 2 117 Tanzania...3. 2 118 Malawi...3. 1 119 Mongolia...3. 1 120 Brazil...3. 1 121 Zimbabwe...3. 1 122 Madagascar...3. 1 123 Argentina...3. 0 124 Mozambique...3. 0 125 Egypt...2. 9 126 Nepal...2. 9 127 Sierra leone...2. 9 128 Gabon...2. 9 129 Timor-Leste...2. 9 130 Bangladesh...2. 8 131 Burundi...2. 8 132 Paraguay...2. 7 133 Nigeria...2. 7 134 Mauritania...2. 6 135 Venezuela...2. 6 136 Yemen...2. 5 137 Burkina faso...2. 4 138 Myanmar...2. 3 139 Chad...2. 3 140 Lebanon...2. 3 141 Angola...2. 2 142 Haiti...2. 2 143 Guinea...2. 1 144 Libya...1. 9 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure How would you assess general infrastructure (e g.,, transport, telephony, and energy) in your country? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 428 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 United arab emirates...6. 6 2 Portugal...6. 3 3 Austria...6. 3 4 France...6. 2 5 Netherlands...6. 1 6 Singapore...6. 1 7 Hong kong SAR...6. 0 8 Oman...6. 0 9 Switzerland...6. 0 10 Japan...5. 9 11 Spain...5. 9 12 Taiwan, China...5. 9 13 Germany...5. 9 14 Finland...5. 9 15 Luxembourg...5. 7 16 United states...5. 7 17 Croatia...5. 6 18 Korea, Rep...5. 6 19 Malaysia...5. 6 20 Sweden...5. 5 21 Denmark...5. 4 22 Bahrain...5. 4 23 Canada...5. 3 24 Cyprus...5. 3 25 Ireland...5. 3 26 Saudi arabia...5. 3 27 Belgium...5. 3 28 Namibia...5. 2 29 Puerto rico...5. 2 30 United kingdom...5. 2 31 Chile...5. 1 32 Sri lanka...5. 1 33 Barbados...5. 1 34 Qatar...5. 0 35 New zealand...4. 9 36 Lithuania...4. 9 37 South africa...4. 9 38 Slovenia...4. 9 39 Iceland...4. 9 40 Turkey...4. 9 41 Swaziland...4. 9 42 Mauritius...4. 8 43 Australia...4. 8 44 Panama...4. 7 45 Israel...4. 7 46 Rwanda...4. 7 47 El salvador...4. 6 48 Kuwait...4. 6 49 China...4. 6 50 Thailand...4. 5 51 Morocco...4. 5 52 Mexico...4. 4 53 Dominican republic...4. 4 54 Estonia...4. 4 55 Greece...4. 3 56 Bhutan...4. 3 57 Italy...4. 3 58 Hungary...4. 2 59 Kenya...4. 2 60 Seychelles...4. 2 61 Jordan...4. 1 62 Gambia, The...4. 1 63 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 1 64 Cape verde...4. 0 65 Georgia...4. 0 66 Trinidad and tobago...4. 0 67 Botswana...4. 0 68 Lao PDR...4. 0 69 Azerbaijan...4. 0 70 Suriname...4. 0 71 Albania...3. 9 72 Indonesia...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 74 Norway...3. 9 75 Pakistan...3. 8 76 India...3. 8 77 Ethiopia...3. 8 78 Guatemala...3. 7 79 Ghana...3. 7 80 Armenia...3. 7 81 Czech republic...3. 7 82 Slovak Republic...3. 7 83 Tunisia...3. 7 84 Jamaica...3. 7 85 Malta...3. 7 86 Zambia...3. 6 87 Philippines...3. 6 88 Nicaragua...3. 6 89 Poland...3. 5 90 Uruguay...3. 5 91 Macedonia, FYR...3. 4 92 Senegal...3. 4 93 Cambodia...3. 4 94 Mali...3. 4 95 Bolivia...3. 3 96 Honduras...3. 3 97 Lesotho...3. 3 98 Montenegro...3. 3 99 Malawi...3. 3 100 Zimbabwe...3. 3 101 Burundi...3. 2 102 Peru...3. 2 103 Guyana...3. 2 104 Vietnam...3. 2 105 Uganda...3. 2 106 Bulgaria...3. 1 107 Algeria...3. 1 108 Latvia...3. 1 109 Tajikistan...3. 0 110 Argentina...3. 0 111 Sierra leone...3. 0 112 Tanzania...3. 0 113 Kazakhstan...3. 0 114 Serbia...2. 9 115 Nepal...2. 9 116 Cameroon...2. 9 117 Bangladesh...2. 9 118 Egypt...2. 9 119 Costa rica...2. 8 120 Lebanon...2. 8 121 Romania...2. 8 122 Brazil...2. 8 123 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 7 124 Russian Federation...2. 7 125 Nigeria...2. 7 126 Colombia...2. 7 127 Venezuela...2. 6 128 Chad...2. 6 129 Madagascar...2. 6 130 Mongolia...2. 6 131 Yemen...2. 5 132 Burkina faso...2. 5 133 Paraguay...2. 5 134 Myanmar...2. 4 135 Gabon...2. 4 136 Haiti...2. 4 137 Mauritania...2. 3 138 Angola...2. 3 139 Ukraine...2. 2 140 Moldova...2. 1 141 Mozambique...2. 1 142 Libya...2. 1 143 Guinea...1. 9 144 Timor-Leste...1. 9 2. 02 Quality of roads In your country, how would you assess the quality of roads? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 429  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 3 7 1 Japan...6. 7 2 Switzerland...6. 6 3 Hong kong SAR...6. 3 4 Spain...6. 0 5 Finland...5. 9 6 France...5. 9 7 Taiwan, China...5. 7 8 Germany...5. 7 9 Netherlands...5. 6 10 Korea, Rep...5. 6 11 Austria...5. 3 12 Malaysia...5. 0 13 Luxembourg...5. 0 14 Belgium...4. 9 15 United states...4. 9 16 United kingdom...4. 9 17 China...4. 8 18 Canada...4. 8 19 Sweden...4. 5 20 Denmark...4. 5 21 Czech republic...4. 5 22 Lithuania...4. 5 23 Portugal...4. 4 24 Slovak Republic...4. 4 25 Ukraine...4. 3 26 Russian Federation...4. 3 27 India...4. 2 28 Kazakhstan...4. 2 29 Italy...4. 1 30 Latvia...4. 1 31 Ireland...4. 1 32 Australia...4. 0 33 Georgia...3. 9 34 Morocco...3. 9 35 Panama...3. 9 36 Norway...3. 9 37 Azerbaijan...3. 8 38 Hungary...3. 8 39 New zealand...3. 7 40 Estonia...3. 7 41 Indonesia...3. 7 42 Sri lanka...3. 7 43 Swaziland...3. 5 44 South africa...3. 4 45 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 46 Slovenia...3. 4 47 Namibia...3. 3 48 Tunisia...3. 3 49 Turkey...3. 1 50 Saudi arabia...3. 1 51 Bulgaria...3. 0 52 Vietnam...3. 0 53 Tajikistan...3. 0 54 Israel...3. 0 55 Poland...2. 9 56 Montenegro...2. 9 57 Greece...2. 9 58 Croatia...2. 9 59 Romania...2. 9 60 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...2. 8 61 Moldova...2. 8 62 Botswana...2. 8 63 Cameroon...2. 8 64 Mexico...2. 8 65 Algeria...2. 7 66 Ghana...2. 7 67 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 68 Armenia...2. 6 69 Mongolia...2. 6 70 Bolivia...2. 5 71 Kenya...2. 5 72 Pakistan...2. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 3 7 73 Chile...2. 5 74 Thailand...2. 4 75 Bangladesh...2. 4 76 Gabon...2. 4 77 Mauritania...2. 4 78 Egypt...2. 4 79 Senegal...2. 3 80 Philippines...2. 3 81 Jordan...2. 2 82 Zimbabwe...2. 2 83 Serbia...2. 1 84 Mozambique...2. 1 85 Mali...2. 1 86 Macedonia, FYR...2. 0 87 Zambia...2. 0 88 Tanzania...2. 0 89 Malawi...1. 9 90 Peru...1. 9 91 Costa rica...1. 9 92 Madagascar...1. 8 93 Burkina faso...1. 8 94 Myanmar...1. 8 95 Brazil...1. 7 96 Argentina...1. 7 97 Ethiopia...1. 6 98 Cambodia...1. 6 99 Venezuela...1. 6 100 Nigeria...1. 5 101 Uganda...1. 5 102 Colombia...1. 5 103 Uruguay...1. 3 104 Albania...1. 1 n/a Angola...N/Appl n/a Bahrain...N/Appl n/a Barbados...N/Appl n/a Bhutan...N/Appl n/a Burundi...N/Appl n/a Cape verde...N/Appl n/a Chad...N/Appl n/a Cyprus...N/Appl n/a Dominican republic...N/Appl n/a El salvador...N/Appl n/a Gambia, The...N/Appl n/a Guatemala...N/Appl n/a Guinea...N/Appl n/a Guyana...N/Appl n/a Haiti...N/Appl n/a Honduras...N/Appl n/a Iceland...N/Appl n/a Jamaica...N/Appl n/a Kuwait...N/Appl n/a Lao PDR...N/Appl n/a Lebanon...N/Appl n/a Lesotho...N/Appl n/a Libya...N/Appl n/a Malta...N/Appl n/a Mauritius...N/Appl n/a Nepal...N/Appl n/a Nicaragua...N/Appl n/a Oman...N/Appl n/a Paraguay...N/Appl n/a Puerto rico...N/Appl n/a Qatar...N/Appl n/a Rwanda...N/Appl n/a Seychelles...N/Appl n/a Sierra leone...N/Appl n/a Singapore...N/Appl n/a Suriname...N/Appl n/a Timor-Leste...N/Appl n/a Trinidad and tobago...N/Appl n/a United arab emirates...N/Appl n/a Yemen...N/Appl 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of the railroad system? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report NOTE: N/Appl. is used for economies where there is no regular train service or where the network covers only a negligible portion of the territory. Assessment of the existence of a network was conducted by the World Economic Forum based on various sources 2. 2: Data Tables 430 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 1 Netherlands...6. 8 2 Singapore...6. 7 3 United arab emirates...6. 5 4 Hong kong SAR...6. 5 5 Finland...6. 4 6 Belgium...6. 4 7 Panama...6. 3 8 Iceland...5. 9 9 Spain...5. 8 10 Denmark...5. 8 11 New zealand...5. 8 12 United states...5. 7 13 Norway...5. 7 14 Germany...5. 7 15 Bahrain...5. 7 16 United kingdom...5. 6 17 Estonia...5. 6 18 Sweden...5. 6 19 Malaysia...5. 6 20 Malta...5. 5 21 Canada...5. 5 22 Puerto rico...5. 4 23 Portugal...5. 4 24 Qatar...5. 4 25 Taiwan, China...5. 3 26 Japan...5. 3 27 Korea, Rep...5. 3 28 Barbados...5. 3 29 Ireland...5. 3 30 Namibia...5. 2 31 Latvia...5. 2 32 France...5. 2 33 Oman...5. 2 34 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...5. 1 35 Chile...5. 0 36 Mauritius...5. 0 37 Luxembourg1...5. 0 38 Australia...5. 0 39 Slovenia...5. 0 40 Saudi arabia...5. 0 41 Seychelles...5. 0 42 Jamaica...4. 9 43 Morocco...4. 9 44 Switzerland1...4. 9 45 Cyprus...4. 9 46 South africa...4. 9 47 Lithuania...4. 9 48 Uruguay...4. 7 49 Greece...4. 7 50 El salvador...4. 7 51 Croatia...4. 6 52 Dominican republic...4. 6 53 China...4. 6 54 Thailand...4. 5 55 Italy...4. 5 56 Suriname...4. 4 57 Turkey...4. 4 58 Senegal...4. 4 59 Pakistan...4. 4 60 Austria1...4. 4 61 Kenya...4. 3 62 Mexico...4. 3 63 Azerbaijan1...4. 3 64 Gambia, The...4. 2 65 Trinidad and tobago...4. 2 66 Egypt...4. 2 67 Georgia...4. 2 68 Bulgaria...4. 2 69 Sri lanka...4. 2 70 Montenegro...4. 2 71 Honduras...4. 1 72 Jordan...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 73 Lebanon...4. 1 74 Guatemala...4. 0 75 Czech Republic1...4. 0 76 India...4. 0 77 Indonesia...4. 0 78 Poland...4. 0 79 Swaziland1...4. 0 80 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 0 81 Russian Federation...3. 9 82 Kuwait...3. 9 83 Tunisia...3. 9 84 Cape verde...3. 9 85 Hungary1...3. 8 86 Israel...3. 8 87 Peru...3. 7 88 Vietnam...3. 7 89 Albania...3. 7 90 Colombia...3. 7 91 Argentina...3. 7 92 Ghana...3. 7 93 Bangladesh...3. 7 94 Mozambique...3. 7 95 Cameroon...3. 6 96 Zimbabwe1...3. 6 97 Cambodia...3. 6 98 Rwanda1...3. 6 99 Guyana...3. 5 100 Slovak Republic1...3. 5 101 Philippines...3. 5 102 Macedonia, FYR1...3. 4 103 Madagascar...3. 4 104 Romania...3. 4 105 Sierra leone...3. 4 106 Tanzania...3. 3 107 Ukraine...3. 3 108 Paraguay1...3. 2 109 Nicaragua...3. 2 110 Nigeria...3. 2 111 Burkina Faso1...3. 1 112 Mali1...3. 1 113 Gabon...3. 1 114 Botswana1...3. 0 115 Costa rica...3. 0 116 Guinea...2. 9 117 Algeria...2. 8 118 Uganda1...2. 8 119 Burundi1...2. 8 120 Lesotho1...2. 7 121 Angola...2. 7 122 Brazil...2. 7 123 Kazakhstan1...2. 7 124 Zambia1...2. 7 125 Myanmar...2. 6 126 Ethiopia1...2. 6 127 Serbia1...2. 6 128 Yemen...2. 6 129 Lao PDR1...2. 6 130 Venezuela...2. 6 131 Libya...2. 6 132 Malawi1...2. 6 133 Haiti...2. 5 134 Armenia1...2. 5 135 Mauritania...2. 4 136 Moldova1...2. 2 137 Nepal1...2. 2 138 Timor-Leste...2. 2 139 Bhutan...2. 1 140 Tajikistan1...2. 1 141 Bolivia1...2. 0 142 Chad1...1. 8 143 Mongolia1...1. 7 144 Kyrgyz Republic1...1. 3 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of seaports?(For landlocked countries: How accessible are seaport facilities? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 1 Landlocked 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 431  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 1 Singapore...6. 8 2 United arab emirates...6. 7 3 Hong kong SAR...6. 6 4 Netherlands...6. 4 5 Finland...6. 2 6 Norway...6. 1 7 Panama...6. 1 8 Switzerland...6. 1 9 United states...6. 1 10 Spain...6. 0 11 South africa...6. 0 12 Qatar...6. 0 13 Germany...5. 9 14 New zealand...5. 9 15 Belgium...5. 9 16 Canada...5. 9 17 France...5. 8 18 Iceland...5. 8 19 Malaysia...5. 7 20 Portugal...5. 7 21 Sweden...5. 7 22 Barbados...5. 6 23 Ireland...5. 6 24 Denmark...5. 6 25 Puerto rico...5. 6 26 Czech republic...5. 5 27 Japan...5. 5 28 United kingdom...5. 5 29 Australia...5. 5 30 Malta...5. 5 31 Korea, Rep...5. 4 32 Luxembourg...5. 4 33 Austria...5. 4 34 Turkey...5. 4 35 Latvia...5. 4 36 Taiwan, China...5. 3 37 Thailand...5. 3 38 Ethiopia...5. 3 39 Bahrain...5. 2 40 Greece...5. 2 41 Saudi arabia...5. 1 42 Oman...5. 1 43 Cyprus...5. 1 44 Azerbaijan...5. 0 45 Chile...5. 0 46 Mauritius...5. 0 47 El salvador...5. 0 48 Jamaica...4. 9 49 Seychelles...4. 9 50 Israel...4. 9 51 Morocco...4. 8 52 Dominican republic...4. 8 53 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 8 54 Kenya...4. 8 55 Jordan...4. 8 56 Sri lanka...4. 8 57 Trinidad and tobago...4. 8 58 China...4. 7 59 Macedonia, FYR...4. 7 60 Egypt...4. 6 61 Costa rica...4. 6 62 Namibia...4. 6 63 Mexico...4. 6 64 Indonesia...4. 5 65 Lebanon...4. 5 66 Gambia, The...4. 5 67 Slovenia...4. 4 68 Albania...4. 4 69 Bulgaria...4. 3 70 Italy...4. 3 71 India...4. 3 72 Armenia...4. 3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 73 Rwanda...4. 3 74 Montenegro...4. 2 75 Lithuania...4. 2 76 Croatia...4. 2 77 Tunisia...4. 2 78 Colombia...4. 1 79 Russian Federation...4. 1 80 Ghana...4. 1 81 Hungary...4. 1 82 Lao PDR...4. 1 83 Guatemala...4. 1 84 Georgia...4. 1 85 Kazakhstan...4. 0 86 Poland...4. 0 87 Vietnam...4. 0 88 Swaziland...4. 0 89 Peru...4. 0 90 Uruguay...4. 0 91 Tajikistan...4. 0 92 Pakistan...3. 9 93 Honduras...3. 9 94 Senegal...3. 8 95 Cape verde...3. 8 96 Mali...3. 8 97 Guyana...3. 8 98 Estonia...3. 8 99 Ukraine...3. 8 100 Kuwait...3. 8 101 Botswana...3. 7 102 Moldova...3. 7 103 Nicaragua...3. 7 104 Suriname...3. 6 105 Romania...3. 6 106 Cambodia...3. 6 107 Argentina...3. 6 108 Philippines...3. 6 109 Gabon...3. 6 110 Bhutan...3. 5 111 Zambia...3. 5 112 Serbia...3. 5 113 Brazil...3. 4 114 Madagascar...3. 4 115 Slovak Republic...3. 4 116 Zimbabwe...3. 3 117 Angola...3. 3 118 Cameroon...3. 3 119 Mozambique...3. 3 120 Bolivia...3. 2 121 Nigeria...3. 2 122 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 123 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 2 124 Uganda...3. 2 125 Mongolia...3. 1 126 Burkina faso...3. 0 127 Bangladesh...3. 0 128 Algeria...3. 0 129 Nepal...2. 9 130 Haiti...2. 8 131 Tanzania...2. 8 132 Malawi...2. 8 133 Venezuela...2. 7 134 Sierra leone...2. 7 135 Burundi...2. 6 136 Paraguay...2. 6 137 Myanmar...2. 5 138 Guinea...2. 5 139 Libya...2. 4 140 Mauritania...2. 4 141 Yemen...2. 3 142 Chad...2. 3 143 Timor-Leste...2. 2 144 Lesotho...2. 1 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of air transport infrastructure? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 432 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...34,115. 8 2 China...14,163. 0 3 United kingdom...6, 725.3 4 Japan...5, 620.9 5 Germany...4, 924.9 6 United arab emirates...4, 799.4 7 Australia...4, 467.2 8 France...3, 857.1 9 Brazil...3, 827.3 10 Spain...3, 755.5 11 Russian Federation...3, 685.0 12 India...3, 488.0 13 Canada...3, 389.7 14 Indonesia...2, 622.9 15 Thailand...2, 575.3 16 Hong kong SAR...2, 533.4 17 Turkey...2, 503.6 18 Italy...2, 358.7 19 Singapore...2, 316.8 20 Korea, Rep...2, 293.1 21 Mexico...1, 963.4 22 Malaysia...1, 959.0 23 Netherlands...1, 806.0 24 Saudi arabia...1, 433.8 25 Philippines...1, 171.2 26 Qatar...1, 170.5 27 Taiwan, China...1, 146.9 28 South africa...1, 117.0 29 Switzerland...968.7 30 Vietnam...816.4 31 Portugal...802.9 32 Argentina...802.4 33 New zealand...694.7 34 Egypt...654.0 35 Belgium...636.5 36 Norway...622.4 37 Greece...605.7 38 Sweden...582.7 39 Colombia...563.8 40 Chile...560.1 41 Israel...538.4 42 Denmark...504.1 43 Peru...498.1 44 Ireland...489.4 45 Austria...455.3 46 Morocco...451.3 47 Finland...426.2 48 Pakistan...415.7 49 Dominican republic...388.8 50 Panama...384.2 51 Poland...344.3 52 Nigeria...302.6 53 Kenya...301.4 54 Ethiopia...288.7 55 Sri lanka...282.7 56 Iran, Islamic Rep...277.1 57 Kazakhstan...252.3 58 Kuwait...243.2 59 Bangladesh...236.1 60 Venezuela...232.2 61 Ukraine...229.7 62 Puerto rico...207.1 63 Oman...207.0 64 Cyprus...198.1 65 Czech republic...193.3 66 Jordan...191.5 67 Tunisia...190.7 68 Romania...190.4 69 Algeria...177.3 70 Mauritius...158.1 71 Bahrain...155.9 72 Lebanon...152.1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Jamaica...145.0 74 Angola...130.5 75 Hungary...127.8 76 Costa rica...124.4 77 Ghana...124.2 78 Iceland...123.8 79 Libya...111.2 80 Nepal...109.1 81 El salvador...104.6 82 Senegal...103.4 83 Cambodia...94.0 84 Bulgaria...92.3 85 Azerbaijan...91.8 86 Myanmar...91.6 87 Tanzania...81.9 88 Malta...79.2 89 Croatia...78.9 90 Kyrgyz Republic...77.0 91 Bolivia...75.6 92 Barbados...74.2 93 Serbia...74.0 94 Latvia...69.3 95 Tajikistan...68.4 96 Trinidad and tobago...63.8 97 Lithuania...55.1 98 Uruguay...52.2 99 Cameroon...51.4 100 Armenia...49.8 101 Uganda...49.6 102 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...48.5 103 Guatemala...44.3 104 Yemen...42.5 105 Georgia...40.7 106 Cape verde...40.4 107 Madagascar...40.0 108 Zambia...37.6 109 Mozambique...35.8 110 Gabon...29.4 111 Namibia...29.3 112 Luxembourg...28.5 113 Mali...28.3 114 Mongolia...28.1 115 Paraguay...27.0 116 Seychelles...26.8 117 Haiti...25.9 118 Honduras...25.3 119 Suriname...23.0 120 Estonia...23.0 121 Montenegro...22.4 122 Moldova...21.3 123 Lao PDR...20.7 124 Zimbabwe...19.0 125 Albania...18.8 126 Nicaragua...17.5 127 Macedonia, FYR...16.4 128 Burkina faso...15.8 129 Slovak Republic...15.8 130 Rwanda...15.7 131 Slovenia...14.1 132 Guyana...13.2 133 Mauritania...11.4 134 Sierra leone...10.7 135 Chad...10.1 136 Malawi...9. 3 137 Guinea...8. 6 138 Gambia, The...7. 7 139 Botswana...6. 1 140 Timor-Leste...2. 6 141 Bhutan...2. 2 142 Burundi...1. 8 143 Lesotho...0. 3 144 Swaziland...0. 3 2. 06 Available airline seat kilometers Airline seat kilometers (in millions) available on all flights (domestic and international service) originating in country per week (year average) Monthly average for 2014 SOURCE: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 433  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 1 Switzerland...6. 8 2 Hong kong SAR...6. 8 3 Finland...6. 8 4 Norway...6. 7 5 Denmark...6. 7 6 Singapore...6. 7 7 Austria...6. 6 8 Iceland...6. 6 9 Netherlands...6. 6 10 Luxembourg...6. 6 11 United arab emirates...6. 6 12 United kingdom...6. 6 13 Canada...6. 5 14 France...6. 5 15 Qatar...6. 5 16 Belgium...6. 4 17 Ireland...6. 4 18 Portugal...6. 4 19 Czech republic...6. 4 20 Oman...6. 3 21 Spain...6. 3 22 Sweden...6. 3 23 Barbados...6. 3 24 United states...6. 3 25 Japan...6. 3 26 Saudi arabia...6. 2 27 Australia...6. 2 28 Taiwan, China...6. 2 29 New zealand...6. 2 30 Slovenia...6. 2 31 Bahrain...6. 2 32 Slovak Republic...6. 2 33 Germany...6. 1 34 Israel...5. 9 35 Italy...5. 9 36 Hungary...5. 9 37 Bhutan...5. 9 38 Uruguay...5. 7 39 Malaysia...5. 7 40 Croatia...5. 7 41 Lithuania...5. 6 42 Costa rica...5. 6 43 Cyprus...5. 5 44 Korea, Rep...5. 5 45 Mauritius...5. 5 46 Poland...5. 5 47 Latvia...5. 5 48 Morocco...5. 4 49 Jordan...5. 4 50 Guatemala...5. 4 51 Trinidad and tobago...5. 4 52 Namibia...5. 4 53 Estonia...5. 4 54 Chile...5. 4 55 Greece...5. 3 56 China...5. 2 57 Georgia...5. 2 58 Thailand...5. 1 59 Puerto rico...5. 1 60 Colombia...5. 1 61 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 1 62 Armenia...5. 1 63 Kuwait...5. 0 64 Lao PDR...5. 0 65 Tunisia...5. 0 66 Macedonia, FYR...4. 9 67 El salvador...4. 9 68 Panama...4. 9 69 Ukraine...4. 9 70 Azerbaijan...4. 9 71 Peru...4. 9 72 Turkey...4. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 73 Russian Federation...4. 8 74 Sri lanka...4. 8 75 Seychelles...4. 8 76 Serbia...4. 7 77 Malta...4. 7 78 Kazakhstan...4. 7 79 Albania...4. 7 80 Mexico...4. 6 81 Romania...4. 6 82 Moldova...4. 4 83 Jamaica...4. 4 84 Indonesia...4. 3 85 Montenegro...4. 3 86 Bulgaria...4. 2 87 Philippines...4. 2 88 Vietnam...4. 2 89 Brazil...4. 1 90 Swaziland...4. 1 91 Algeria...4. 0 92 Rwanda...4. 0 93 Nicaragua...3. 9 94 Bolivia...3. 9 95 Kenya...3. 9 96 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 97 Lesotho...3. 7 98 Honduras...3. 6 99 South africa...3. 6 100 Mongolia...3. 6 101 Mali...3. 5 102 Suriname...3. 4 103 India...3. 4 104 Zambia...3. 3 105 Mauritania...3. 3 106 Gambia, The...3. 3 107 Paraguay...3. 2 108 Mozambique...3. 1 109 Timor-Leste...3. 0 110 Cambodia...3. 0 111 Senegal...3. 0 112 Ghana...3. 0 113 Malawi...2. 9 114 Uganda...2. 9 115 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 9 116 Libya...2. 8 117 Myanmar...2. 8 118 Ethiopia...2. 8 119 Guyana...2. 7 120 Cape verde...2. 7 121 Egypt...2. 7 122 Tajikistan...2. 6 123 Argentina...2. 6 124 Bangladesh...2. 5 125 Tanzania...2. 5 126 Cameroon...2. 4 127 Botswana...2. 4 128 Dominican republic...2. 4 129 Gabon...2. 3 130 Madagascar...2. 3 131 Zimbabwe...2. 1 132 Burundi...2. 1 133 Pakistan...2. 1 134 Sierra leone...2. 0 135 Haiti...1. 9 136 Nepal...1. 8 137 Venezuela...1. 7 138 Angola...1. 7 139 Burkina faso...1. 7 140 Chad...1. 7 141 Nigeria...1. 6 142 Yemen...1. 5 143 Lebanon...1. 4 144 Guinea...1. 3 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply In your country, how would you assess the reliability of the electricity supply (lack of interruptions and lack of voltage fluctuations? 1=not reliable at all; 7=extremely reliable 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 434 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR...238.7 2 Gabon...214.8 3 Kuwait...190.3 4 Kazakhstan...180.5 5 Saudi arabia...176.5 6 United arab emirates...171.9 7 Finland...171.7 8 Bahrain...165.9 9 Libya...165.0 10 Panama...163.0 11 Botswana...160.6 12 Montenegro...159.9 13 Estonia...159.7 14 Argentina...159.0 15 Italy...158.9 16 Austria...156.2 17 Singapore...155.6 18 Oman...154.6 19 Uruguay...154.6 20 Russian Federation...152.8 21 Qatar...152.6 22 Lithuania...151.3 23 Poland...150.0 24 Luxembourg...148.6 25 South africa...147.5 26 Seychelles...147.3 27 Costa rica...146.0 28 Bulgaria...145.2 29 Trinidad and tobago...144.9 30 Malaysia...144.7 31 Jordan...141.8 32 Guatemala...140.4 33 Ukraine...138.1 34 Thailand...138.0 35 Latvia...136.6 36 El salvador...136.2 37 Brazil...135.3 38 Chile...134.3 39 Cambodia...133.9 40 Switzerland...133.8 41 Czech republic...131.3 42 Vietnam...130.9 43 Malta...129.8 44 Mali...129.1 45 Morocco...128.5 46 Taiwan, China...127.5 47 Denmark...127.5 48 Suriname...127.3 49 Sweden...124.4 50 Mongolia...124.2 51 United kingdom...123.8 52 Mauritius...123.2 53 Israel...122.8 54 Indonesia...121.5 55 Egypt...121.5 56 Kyrgyz Republic...121.4 57 Serbia...119.4 58 Germany...119.0 59 Greece...116.8 60 Norway...116.5 61 Hungary...116.4 62 Albania...116.2 63 Tunisia...115.6 64 Japan...115.2 65 Georgia...115.0 66 Croatia...114.5 67 Slovak Republic...113.9 68 Netherlands...113.7 69 Portugal...113.0 70 Armenia...112.4 71 Nicaragua...112.0 72 Korea, Rep...111.0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Belgium...110.9 74 Namibia...110.2 75 Slovenia...110.2 76 Ghana...108.2 77 Iceland...108.1 78 Barbados...108.1 79 Azerbaijan...107.6 80 Spain...106.9 81 Australia...106.8 82 Macedonia, FYR...106.2 83 Moldova...106.0 84 New zealand...105.8 85 Romania...105.6 86 Philippines...104.5 87 Colombia...104.1 88 Paraguay...103.7 89 Ireland...102.8 90 Mauritania...102.5 91 Algeria...102.0 92 Venezuela...101.6 93 Jamaica...100.4 94 Cape verde...100.1 95 Gambia, The...100.0 96 France...98.5 97 Peru...98.1 98 Bolivia...97.7 99 Zimbabwe...96.3 100 Honduras...95.9 101 United states...95.5 102 Sri lanka...95.5 103 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...95.4 104 Cyprus...95.2 105 Turkey...93.0 106 Senegal...92.9 107 Tajikistan...91.8 108 China...88.7 109 Dominican republic...88.4 110 Lesotho...86.3 111 Mexico...85.8 112 Iran, Islamic Rep...84.2 113 Puerto rico...83.6 114 Lebanon...80.6 115 Canada...78.4 116 Nigeria...73.3 117 Bhutan...72.2 118 Zambia...71.5 119 Swaziland...71.5 120 Nepal...71.5 121 India...70.8 122 Kenya...70.6 123 Cameroon...70.4 124 Pakistan...70.1 125 Guyana...69.4 126 Haiti...69.4 127 Yemen...69.0 128 Bangladesh...67.1 129 Burkina faso...66.4 130 Lao PDR...66.2 131 Guinea...63.3 132 Angola...61.9 133 Timor-Leste...57.4 134 Rwanda...56.8 135 Tanzania...55.7 136 Mozambique...48.0 137 Sierra leone...44.1 138 Uganda...44.1 139 Madagascar...36.1 140 Chad...35.6 141 Malawi...32.3 142 Ethiopia...27.3 143 Burundi...25.0 144 Myanmar...12.8 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions Number of mobile telephone subscriptions per 100 population 2013 SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 435  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Taiwan, China...71.2 2 Hong kong SAR...63.0 3 Korea, Rep...61.6 4 France...60.8 5 Germany...58.9 6 Switzerland...57.9 7 Malta...53.9 8 United kingdom...52.9 9 Barbados...52.3 10 Iceland...51.0 11 Luxembourg...50.5 12 Japan...50.4 13 Canada...49.7 14 Greece...47.9 15 Israel...44.8 16 Australia...44.3 17 Ireland...44.0 18 Portugal...42.7 19 Netherlands...42.5 20 United states...42.2 21 Belgium...41.3 22 New zealand...41.1 23 Spain...40.7 24 Sweden...40.6 25 Austria...39.4 26 Serbia...39.3 27 Iran, Islamic Rep...38.3 28 Slovenia...38.2 29 Denmark...37.4 30 Croatia...36.8 31 Singapore...36.4 32 Moldova...35.0 33 Italy...34.3 34 Estonia...33.1 35 Uruguay...30.8 36 Cyprus...30.6 37 Hungary...29.9 38 Mauritius...29.2 39 Russian Federation...28.5 40 Georgia...27.7 41 Montenegro...27.2 42 Bulgaria...26.9 43 Kazakhstan...26.7 44 Norway...26.2 45 Ukraine...26.2 46 Venezuela...25.6 47 Seychelles...23.4 48 Latvia...23.4 49 Argentina...23.3 50 United arab emirates...22.3 51 Brazil...22.3 52 Romania...21.8 53 Bahrain...21.8 54 Trinidad and tobago...21.7 55 Lithuania...20.7 56 Costa rica...19.9 57 Guyana...19.6 58 Armenia...19.4 59 China...19.3 60 Qatar...19.0 61 Macedonia, FYR...19.0 62 Azerbaijan...18.7 63 Czech republic...18.7 64 Chile...18.2 65 Turkey...18.1 66 Lebanon...18.0 67 Puerto rico...17.9 68 Slovak Republic...17.7 69 Mexico...16.8 70 Saudi arabia...16.4 71 Indonesia...16.1 72 Suriname...15.8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Malaysia...15.3 74 Panama...15.2 75 Kuwait...15.1 76 El salvador...15.0 77 Colombia...14.8 78 Poland...13.9 79 Finland...13.9 80 Cape verde...13.3 81 Sri lanka...12.7 82 Libya...12.7 83 Guatemala...12.0 84 Peru...11.3 85 Dominican republic...11.3 86 Vietnam...10.1 87 Lao PDR...10.0 88 Oman...9. 7 89 Tunisia...9. 3 90 South africa...9. 2 91 Thailand...9. 0 92 Jamaica...8. 9 93 Albania...8. 9 94 Morocco...8. 9 95 Botswana...8. 6 96 Kyrgyz Republic...8. 3 97 Egypt...8. 3 98 Bolivia...8. 2 99 Algeria...8. 0 100 Namibia...8. 0 101 Honduras...7. 6 102 Mongolia...6. 2 103 Paraguay...5. 9 104 Nicaragua...5. 3 105 Jordan...5. 2 106 Tajikistan...5. 2 107 Yemen...4. 7 108 Swaziland...3. 7 109 Cameroon...3. 6 110 Bhutan...3. 5 111 Pakistan...3. 5 112 Gambia, The...3. 5 113 Philippines...3. 2 114 Nepal...3. 1 115 Lesotho...2. 8 116 Cambodia...2. 8 117 Senegal...2. 4 118 India...2. 3 119 Zimbabwe...2. 1 120 Mauritania...1. 4 121 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...1. 3 122 Gabon...1. 2 123 Madagascar...1. 1 124 Ghana...1. 0 125 Myanmar...1. 0 126 Angola...1. 0 127 Burkina faso...0. 8 128 Ethiopia...0. 8 129 Zambia...0. 8 130 Mali...0. 7 131 Bangladesh...0. 7 132 Uganda...0. 6 133 Kenya...0. 5 134 Haiti...0. 4 135 Rwanda...0. 4 136 Tanzania...0. 3 137 Mozambique...0. 3 138 Timor-Leste...0. 3 139 Sierra leone...0. 3 140 Chad...0. 2 141 Burundi...0. 2 142 Nigeria...0. 2 143 Malawi...0. 2 144 Guinea...0. 0 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines Number of active fixed telephone lines per 100 population 2013 SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 2: Data Tables 436 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 3 Macroeconomic environment Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Timor-Leste...36.1 2 Kuwait...28.9 3 Qatar...11.1 4 Norway...11.1 5 United arab emirates...10.1 6 Saudi arabia...8. 3 7 Singapore...6. 9 8 Oman...5. 8 9 Kazakhstan...5. 0 10 Lesotho...3. 0 11 Nepal...2. 0 12 Libya...1. 6 13 Seychelles...1. 2 14 Korea, Rep...1. 0 15 Azerbaijan...0. 8 16 Hong kong SAR...0. 8 17 Peru...0. 5 18 Botswana...0. 2 19 Bolivia...0. 1 20 Algeria...0. 1 21 Jamaica...0. 1 22 Luxembourg...0. 0 23 Germany...0. 0 24 Switzerland...0. 0 25 Philippines...†0. 1 26 Zimbabwe...†0. 1 27 Thailand...†0. 2 28 Estonia...†0. 4 29 Denmark...†0. 4 30 Nicaragua...†0. 5 31 New zealand...†0. 6 32 Chile...†0. 7 33 Swaziland...†0. 7 34 Tajikistan...†0. 8 35 Iran, Islamic Rep...†0. 9 36 Sweden...†1. 0 37 Colombia...†1. 0 38 Mauritania...†1. 1 39 Russian Federation...†1. 3 40 Georgia...†1. 3 41 Latvia...†1. 3 42 Angola...†1. 5 43 Turkey...†1. 5 44 Madagascar...†1. 5 45 Gabon...†1. 7 46 Moldova...†1. 8 47 Paraguay...†1. 8 48 Austria...†1. 8 49 Bulgaria...†1. 9 50 China...†1. 9 51 Iceland...†1. 9 52 Burundi...†1. 9 53 Guatemala...†2. 1 54 Lithuania...†2. 1 55 Indonesia...†2. 1 56 Sierra leone...†2. 2 57 Uruguay...†2. 3 58 Trinidad and tobago...†2. 3 59 Hungary...†2. 4 60 Montenegro...†2. 4 61 Chad...†2. 4 62 Rwanda...†2. 5 63 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...†2. 5 64 Armenia...†2. 5 65 Romania...†2. 5 66 Greece...†2. 6 67 Finland...†2. 6 68 Mali...†2. 7 69 Belgium...†2. 8 70 Czech republic...†2. 9 71 Malta...†2. 9 72 Cambodia...†3. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Slovak Republic...†3. 0 74 Canada...†3. 0 75 Panama...†3. 0 76 Burkina faso...†3. 0 77 Italy...†3. 0 78 Netherlands...†3. 1 79 Israel...†3. 2 80 Taiwan, China...†3. 2 81 Brazil...†3. 3 82 Ethiopia...†3. 4 83 Argentina...†3. 5 84 Mauritius...†3. 5 85 Dominican republic...†3. 6 86 Australia...†3. 7 87 Uganda...†3. 7 88 Kyrgyz Republic...†3. 8 89 Mexico...†3. 9 90 Bangladesh...†4. 0 91 Macedonia, FYR...†4. 0 92 Bhutan...†4. 0 93 El salvador...†4. 0 94 Guyana...†4. 1 95 Cameroon...†4. 2 96 France...†4. 2 97 South africa...†4. 3 98 Bahrain...†4. 4 99 Ukraine...†4. 5 100 Poland...†4. 5 101 Mozambique...†4. 6 102 Malaysia...†4. 6 103 Namibia...†4. 7 104 Lao PDR...†4. 7 105 Cyprus...†4. 7 106 Nigeria...†4. 9 107 Portugal...†4. 9 108 Myanmar...†4. 9 109 Puerto rico...†5. 2 110 Jordan...†5. 3 111 Guinea...†5. 3 112 Senegal...†5. 4 113 Morocco...†5. 4 114 Croatia...†5. 5 115 Tanzania...†5. 6 116 Costa rica...†5. 6 117 Serbia...†5. 7 118 Vietnam...†5. 7 119 United kingdom...†5. 8 120 Sri lanka...†5. 8 121 Tunisia...†5. 9 122 Suriname...†6. 0 123 Albania...†6. 2 124 Kenya...†6. 2 125 Malawi...†6. 7 126 Haiti...†6. 7 127 Yemen...†7. 1 128 Spain...†7. 2 129 India...†7. 3 130 United states...†7. 3 131 Honduras...†7. 4 132 Ireland...†7. 4 133 Cape verde...†7. 7 134 Pakistan...†7. 8 135 Gambia, The...†8. 2 136 Japan...†8. 4 137 Zambia...†8. 6 138 Lebanon...†9. 5 139 Mongolia...†10.1 140 Barbados...†10.3 141 Ghana...†10.8 142 Egypt...†14.1 143 Slovenia...†14.2 144 Venezuela...†15.1 3. 01 Government budget balance General government budget balance as a percentage of GDP 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 438 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Timor-Leste1...63.1 2 Qatar...58.4 3 Kuwait...55.2 4 Algeria...51.1 5 China...50.0 6 Iran, Islamic Rep...46.0 7 Saudi arabia...45.5 8 Singapore...44.6 9 Azerbaijan...43.4 10 Gabon...41.3 11 United arab emirates...38.9 12 Botswana...38.7 13 Oman...37.7 14 Norway...37.4 15 Nepal...35.1 16 Cape verde...34.6 17 Vietnam...33.2 18 India...32.7 19 Korea, Rep...32.1 20 Bhutan...31.7 21 Lesotho...31.7 22 Taiwan, China...30.9 23 Switzerland1...30.7 24 Indonesia...30.4 25 Malaysia...30.1 26 Nigeria...29.3 27 Thailand...28.5 28 Sri lanka...28.5 29 Bahrain...28.4 30 Luxembourg...28.2 31 Bangladesh...28.2 32 Morocco...27.2 33 Mongolia...27.1 34 Hong kong SAR...26.7 35 Netherlands...26.6 36 Venezuela...26.4 37 Kazakhstan...25.6 38 Zambia...25.5 39 Bolivia...25.5 40 Estonia...25.4 41 Russian Federation...25.3 42 Australia...24.7 43 Austria...24.6 44 Sweden...24.3 45 Germany...24.3 46 Trinidad and tobago...24.2 47 Denmark...24.0 48 Slovenia...23.6 49 Haiti...23.6 50 Bulgaria...23.0 51 Philippines...22.9 52 Peru...22.7 53 Macedonia, FYR...22.6 54 Ethiopia...22.2 55 Israel...22.2 56 Romania...22.1 57 Latvia...22.0 58 Japan...21.7 59 Argentina...21.4 60 Czech republic...21.3 61 Canada...21.1 62 Colombia...20.9 63 Hungary...20.7 64 Slovak Republic...20.6 65 Chile...20.5 66 Mexico...20.4 67 Ghana...20.2 68 Namibia...20.1 69 Tanzania...19.9 70 Moldova...19.6 71 Croatia...19.5 72 Georgia...19.4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Lithuania...19.3 74 Madagascar...19.2 75 Spain...18.9 76 Myanmar...18.7 77 Seychelles...18.7 78 Libya...18.4 79 Chad...18.3 80 Angola...18.2 81 Belgium...18.2 82 Ireland...18.1 83 Panama...18.1 84 Italy...17.8 85 France...17.7 86 Senegal...17.5 87 United states...17.2 88 New zealand...17.1 89 Nicaragua...17.1 90 Finland...17.0 91 Poland...16.9 92 Paraguay...16.9 93 Malawi...16.9 94 Lao PDR2...16.4 95 Costa rica...16.3 96 Cameroon...16.2 97 Portugal...16.0 98 Uruguay...16.0 99 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...16.0 100 Rwanda...15.7 101 Honduras...15.7 102 Swaziland...15.5 103 Armenia...15.5 104 Burkina faso...15.4 105 Albania...15.2 106 Tunisia...14.9 107 Cambodia...14.9 108 Mali...14.9 109 Uganda...14.7 110 Brazil...14.7 111 Malta...14.4 112 Iceland...14.1 113 Mauritius...14.1 114 Puerto rico...14.1 115 Kyrgyz Republic...13.9 116 Tajikistan...13.7 117 Turkey...13.7 118 Greece...13.7 119 South africa...13.5 120 Pakistan...13.2 121 Kenya...12.2 122 Egypt...12.1 123 Dominican republic...11.6 124 Guatemala...11.5 125 Serbia...11.5 126 United kingdom...11.0 127 Jamaica...10.4 128 Cyprus...10.0 129 Mauritania...10.0 130 Jordan...9. 6 131 El salvador...7. 4 132 Mozambique...6. 8 133 Lebanon...6. 3 134 Ukraine...6. 0 135 Yemen...5. 4 136 Barbados...2. 4 137 Gambia, The...1. 8 138 Montenegro...1. 0 139 Guyana...0. 7 140 Sierra leone...0. 7 141 Guinea...†1. 0 142 Burundi...†3. 2 143 Zimbabwe...†5. 7 n/a Suriname...n/a 3. 02 Gross national savings Gross national savings as a percentage of GDP 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World bank, At-a-Glance Table; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD), Economic Outlook 2014; national sources 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 439  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Ireland...0. 5 1 El salvador...0. 8 1 Denmark...0. 8 1 Taiwan, China...0. 8 1 Senegal...0. 8 1 Poland...0. 9 1 Canada...1. 0 1 Malta...1. 0 1 France...1. 0 1 Puerto rico...1. 1 1 United arab emirates...1. 1 1 New zealand...1. 1 1 Lithuania...1. 2 1 Belgium...1. 2 1 Oman...1. 3 1 Italy...1. 3 1 Korea, Rep...1. 3 1 Czech republic...1. 4 1 Slovak Republic...1. 5 1 United states...1. 5 1 Cape verde...1. 5 1 Israel...1. 5 1 Spain...1. 5 1 Germany...1. 6 1 Zimbabwe...1. 6 1 Slovenia...1. 6 1 Luxembourg...1. 7 1 Hungary...1. 7 1 Chile...1. 8 1 Morocco...1. 9 1 Suriname...1. 9 1 Albania...1. 9 1 Burkina faso...2. 0 1 Colombia...2. 0 1 Cameroon...2. 1 1 Malaysia...2. 1 1 Austria...2. 1 1 Norway...2. 1 1 Thailand...2. 2 1 Montenegro...2. 2 1 Croatia...2. 2 1 Finland...2. 2 1 Barbados...2. 3 1 Singapore...2. 4 1 Azerbaijan...2. 4 1 Australia...2. 5 1 United kingdom...2. 6 1 Netherlands...2. 6 1 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...2. 6 1 Libya...2. 6 1 China...2. 6 1 Paraguay...2. 7 1 Kuwait...2. 7 1 Macedonia, FYR...2. 8 1 Peru...2. 8 57 Philippines...2. 9 58 Cambodia...3. 0 63 Qatar...3. 1 64 Lebanon...3. 2 66 Algeria...3. 3 67 Bahrain...3. 3 70 Guyana...3. 5 71 Mauritius...3. 5 72 Saudi arabia...3. 5 73 Estonia...3. 5 76 Mexico...3. 8 77 Iceland...3. 9 80 Romania...4. 0 81 Panama...4. 0 82 Mauritania...4. 1 83 Mozambique...4. 2 84 Rwanda...4. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 86 Hong kong SAR...4. 3 87 Seychelles...4. 3 88 Guatemala...4. 3 89 Moldova...4. 6 90 Dominican republic...4. 8 91 Tajikistan...5. 0 92 Honduras...5. 2 93 Trinidad and tobago...5. 2 94 Costa rica...5. 2 95 Gambia, The...5. 2 96 Lesotho...5. 3 97 Uganda...5. 4 98 Jordan...5. 5 99 Swaziland...5. 6 100 Kenya...5. 7 101 Bolivia...5. 7 102 South africa...5. 8 103 Botswana...5. 8 104 Armenia...5. 8 105 Myanmar...5. 8 106 Madagascar...5. 8 107 Kazakhstan...5. 8 108 Tunisia...6. 1 109 Namibia...6. 2 110 Brazil...6. 2 111 Lao PDR...6. 4 112 Indonesia...6. 4 113 Vietnam...6. 6 114 Kyrgyz Republic...6. 6 115 Russian Federation...6. 8 116 Haiti...6. 8 117 Sri lanka...6. 9 118 Egypt...6. 9 119 Zambia...7. 0 120 Pakistan...7. 4 121 Nicaragua...7. 4 122 Turkey...7. 5 123 Bangladesh...7. 5 124 Serbia...7. 7 125 Tanzania...7. 9 126 Ethiopia...8. 0 127 Nigeria...8. 5 128 Uruguay...8. 6 129 Bhutan...8. 7 130 Angola...8. 8 131 Burundi...8. 8 132 Jamaica...9. 4 133 India...9. 5 134 Mongolia...9. 6 135 Sierra leone...9. 8 136 Nepal...9. 9 137 Timor-Leste...10.6 138 Argentina...10.6 139 Yemen...11.1 140 Ghana...11.7 141 Guinea...12.0 142 Malawi...27.7 143 Iran, Islamic Rep...35.2 144 Venezuela...40.7 56 Gabon...0. 5 59 Portugal...0. 4 60 Bulgaria...0. 4 61 Cyprus...0. 4 62 Japan...0. 4 65 Chad...0. 2 68 Latvia...0. 0 69 Sweden...0. 0 74 Switzerland...†0. 2 75 Ukraine...†0. 3 78 Georgia...†0. 5 79 Mali...†0. 6 85 Greece...†0. 9 3. 03 Inflation Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average) 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources NOTE: For inflation rates between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent, a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this range, scores decrease linearly as they move away from these values. The Philippines has an inflation rate of 2. 93 and therefore falls out of this range 2. 2: Data Tables 440 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Libya...0. 0 2 Saudi arabia...2. 7 3 Kuwait...5. 3 4 Oman...7. 0 5 Algeria...9. 2 6 Iran, Islamic Rep...10.6 7 Estonia...11.3 8 Chile...12.2 9 United arab emirates...12.3 10 Russian Federation...13.4 11 Kazakhstan...13.5 12 Azerbaijan...13.8 13 Paraguay...15.2 14 Botswana...15.9 15 Bulgaria...17.6 16 Cameroon...18.6 17 Swaziland...18.8 18 Nigeria...19.4 19 Peru...19.6 20 Haiti...21.3 21 Ethiopia...22.2 22 China...22.4 23 Luxembourg...22.9 24 Gabon...22.9 25 Moldova...24.4 26 Guatemala...24.4 27 Indonesia...26.1 28 Namibia...26.6 29 Angola...26.6 30 Cambodia...28.1 31 Australia...28.8 32 Suriname...29.2 33 Tajikistan...29.2 34 Rwanda...29.4 35 Norway...29.5 36 Chad...30.2 37 Trinidad and tobago...30.6 38 Nepal...31.0 39 Mali...31.5 40 Burundi...31.7 41 Georgia...31.8 42 Colombia...31.8 43 Latvia...32.1 44 Sierra leone...32.6 45 Bolivia...33.1 46 Burkina faso...33.3 47 Dominican republic...33.8 48 Hong kong SAR...33.8 49 Uganda...33.9 50 Qatar...34.2 51 Zambia...35.1 52 Macedonia, FYR...35.8 53 Turkey...35.8 54 New zealand...35.9 55 Korea, Rep...36.7 56 Costa rica...37.0 57 Guinea...37.8 58 Philippines...38.3 59 Romania...39.3 60 Lithuania...39.3 61 Lesotho...39.6 62 Bangladesh...39.7 63 Honduras...40.2 64 Taiwan, China...41.0 65 Tanzania...41.0 66 Ukraine...41.0 67 Panama...41.3 68 Sweden...41.4 69 Armenia...41.9 70 Nicaragua...42.4 71 Myanmar...42.7 72 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...43.2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Mozambique...43.3 74 Bahrain...43.9 75 Tunisia...44.4 76 Denmark...45.2 77 South africa...45.2 78 Thailand...45.3 79 Senegal...45.9 80 Mexico...46.5 81 Argentina...46.9 82 Kyrgyz Republic...47.7 83 Czech republic...47.9 84 Switzerland...49.4 85 Venezuela...49.8 86 Madagascar1...49.8 87 Yemen...49.9 88 Kenya...50.5 89 Mauritius...53.8 90 Zimbabwe...54.7 91 Slovak Republic...54.9 92 El salvador...54.9 93 Vietnam...55.0 94 Montenegro...56.8 95 Finland...57.0 96 Poland...57.5 97 Malaysia...58.2 98 Uruguay...59.4 99 Croatia...59.8 100 Ghana...60.1 101 Morocco...61.9 102 Lao PDR...62.0 103 Seychelles...62.0 104 Puerto rico...63.0 105 Mongolia1...63.0 106 Pakistan...63.1 107 Guyana...63.9 108 Serbia...65.8 109 Brazil...66.3 110 India...66.7 111 Israel...66.7 112 Malawi...68.9 113 Albania...70.5 114 Malta...71.7 115 Slovenia...73.0 116 Austria...74.2 117 Netherlands...74.9 118 Germany...78.1 119 Sri Lanka1...79.2 120 Hungary...79.2 121 Gambia, The...82.1 122 Mauritania...87.7 123 Jordan...87.7 124 Canada...89.1 125 Egypt...89.2 126 United kingdom...90.1 127 Iceland...90.2 128 Barbados...92.0 129 France...93.9 130 Spain...93.9 131 Cape verde...95.0 132 Belgium...99.8 133 Singapore...103.8 134 United states...104.5 135 Bhutan...110.7 136 Cyprus...112.0 137 Ireland...122.8 138 Portugal...128.8 139 Italy...132.5 140 Jamaica...138.9 141 Lebanon...139.7 142 Greece...173.8 143 Japan...243.2 n/a Timor-Leste...n/a 3. 04 Government debt Gross general government debt as a percentage of GDP 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition) and Public Information Notices (various issues; African Development Bank, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and United nations Development Programme, African Economic Outlook 2014; national sources 1 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 441  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Norway...94.8 2 Switzerland...94.2 3 Canada...93.1 4 Germany...92.9 5 Sweden...92.8 6 Luxembourg...91.7 7 United states...91.6 8 Finland...91.5 9 Singapore...90.9 10 Denmark...90.0 11 Netherlands...89.3 12 Australia...88.4 13 United kingdom...87.7 14 Austria...87.5 15 France...83.9 16 New zealand...83.8 17 Hong kong SAR...83.8 18 Japan...81.6 19 Belgium...81.1 20 Chile...80.6 21 Taiwan, China...79.6 22 Korea, Rep...79.3 23 Qatar...79.1 24 Kuwait...77.5 25 China...77.5 26 Saudi arabia...76.1 27 Czech republic...75.1 28 Estonia...74.4 29 Slovak Republic...74.2 30 United arab emirates...73.3 31 Poland...73.2 32 Malaysia...72.0 33 Oman...71.4 34 Israel...70.8 35 Malta...69.2 36 Mexico...69.0 37 Russian Federation...67.7 38 Brazil...67.7 39 Italy...66.9 40 Colombia...65.2 41 Peru...64.9 42 Trinidad and tobago...64.7 43 Thailand...63.5 44 Ireland...63.1 45 Botswana...62.8 46 Panama...61.9 47 Lithuania...61.2 48 Kazakhstan...60.4 49 Slovenia...60.0 50 Spain...59.7 51 South africa...59.1 52 Mauritius...59.0 53 Uruguay...58.3 54 Latvia...58.0 55 India...57.8 56 Bahrain...57.0 57 Indonesia...56.6 58 Costa rica...56.0 59 Philippines...55.5 60 Turkey...55.5 61 Bulgaria...54.5 62 Namibia...54.1 63 Croatia...53.4 64 Barbados...53.4 65 Iceland...52.9 66 Algeria...52.6 67 Morocco...52.6 68 Hungary...52.1 69 Romania...51.5 70 Azerbaijan...51.1 71 Portugal...49.1 72 Vietnam...45.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Tunisia...44.4 74 Guatemala...44.4 75 Gabon...43.1 76 Jordan...42.0 77 Macedonia, FYR...42.0 78 El salvador...41.7 79 Dominican republic...39.8 80 Nigeria...39.7 81 Serbia...39.5 82 Montenegro...38.7 83 Suriname...38.7 84 Georgia...38.3 85 Armenia...38.0 86 Bolivia...37.2 87 Paraguay...37.1 88 Albania...36.5 89 Mongolia...36.1 90 Zambia...35.9 91 Angola...35.8 92 Ghana...35.7 93 Libya...35.6 94 Kenya...34.6 95 Sri lanka...34.3 96 Kyrgyz Republic...33.6 97 Cyprus...32.8 98 Venezuela...32.8 99 Lesotho...32.7 100 Senegal...32.5 101 Uganda...32.2 102 Cape verde...31.9 103 Tanzania...31.9 104 Argentina...31.6 105 Ukraine...31.5 106 Mozambique...31.5 107 Lebanon...31.3 108 Bangladesh...30.4 109 Bhutan...30.4 110 Honduras...29.7 111 Moldova...28.8 112 Egypt...28.8 113 Guyana...27.8 114 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...27.2 115 Iran, Islamic Rep...27.1 116 Jamaica...26.8 117 Cambodia...26.7 118 Cameroon...25.9 119 Greece...25.5 120 Rwanda...25.2 121 Pakistan...25.2 122 Seychelles...25.2 123 Nepal...23.8 124 Swaziland...22.8 125 Yemen...22.7 126 Mauritania...21.1 127 Burkina faso...21.0 128 Nicaragua...20.7 129 Tajikistan...19.9 130 Malawi...19.7 131 Timor-Leste...19.7 132 Lao PDR...19.4 133 Gambia, The...18.7 134 Mali...18.5 135 Ethiopia...18.2 136 Madagascar...18.2 137 Sierra leone...17.7 138 Chad...15.5 139 Burundi...13.9 140 Guinea...12.5 141 Haiti...12.1 142 Myanmar...10.7 143 Zimbabwe...6. 0 n/a Puerto rico...n/a 3. 05 Country credit rating Institutional Investor†s Country Credit Ratingsâ¢assessing the probability of sovereign debt default on a 0†100 (lowest probability) scale March 2014 SOURCE: Institutional Investor NOTE: Institutional Investor†s â€oecountry Credit Ratings†is a trademark of Institutional Investor, LLC. No further copying or transmission of this material is allowed without the express written permission of Institutional Investor†s publisher, who can be reached at publisher@institutionalinvestor. com. Copyright  Institutional Investor, LLC 2014 2. 2: Data Tables 442 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 4 Health and primary education Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Egypt...0. 0 1 Georgia...0. 0 1 Kyrgyz Republic...0. 0 1 Oman...0. 0 1 Paraguay...0. 0 1 Turkey...0. 0 7 Argentina...0. 0 8 Azerbaijan...0. 0 9 Costa rica...0. 2 10 Algeria...0. 2 11 Tajikistan...0. 2 12 El salvador...0. 3 13 Saudi arabia...0. 4 14 Sri lanka...0. 4 15 China...0. 5 16 Mexico...0. 8 17 Iran, Islamic Rep...1. 2 18 Korea, Rep...2. 7 19 Dominican republic...12.7 20 Bhutan...20.2 21 Cape verde...22.2 22 Namibia...23.0 23 Philippines...23.8 24 Panama...26.3 25 Vietnam...29.7 26 Botswana...29.9 27 South africa...32.5 28 Malaysia...33.5 29 Nicaragua...38.4 30 Swaziland...43.1 31 Guatemala...57.7 32 Nepal...61.9 33 Suriname...78.6 34 Bolivia...104.8 35 Brazil...156.0 36 Honduras...163.8 37 Peru...190.1 38 Colombia...203.3 39 Thailand...209.6 40 Venezuela...287.1 41 Bangladesh...394.3 42 Cambodia...1, 076.4 43 Haiti...1, 277.8 44 India...1, 536.4 45 Lao PDR...1, 655.2 46 Yemen...1, 802.8 47 Pakistan...1, 953.6 48 Indonesia...2, 268.5 49 Myanmar...2, 651.6 50 Ethiopia...4, 578.7 51 Rwanda...5, 673.0 52 Madagascar...5, 831.2 53 Guyana...7, 920.9 54 Kenya...8, 106.0 55 Timor-Leste...8, 347.5 56 Zimbabwe...8, 452.6 57 Burundi...8, 528.3 58 Cameroon...17,051. 0 59 Tanzania...17,370. 2 60 Mauritania...17,649. 5 61 Angola...18,251. 2 62 Sierra leone...18,398. 6 63 Mali...20,197. 2 64 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...20,665. 6 65 Uganda...24,487. 0 66 Gabon...25,113. 7 67 Chad...26,509. 9 68 Zambia...26,650. 2 69 Ghana...27,201. 3 70 Malawi...27,661. 7 71 Senegal...27,684. 6 72 Mozambique...27,774. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Nigeria...28,430. 3 74 Gambia, The...29,030. 4 75 Burkina faso...34,021. 6 76 Guinea...38,423. 7 n/a Albania...S l n/a Armenia...M. F n/a Australia...M. F n/a Austria...S l n/a Bahrain...S l n/a Barbados...S l n/a Belgium...S l n/a Bulgaria...M. F n/a Canada...S l n/a Chile...S l n/a Croatia...M. F n/a Cyprus...M. F n/a Czech republic...S l n/a Denmark...S l n/a Estonia...S l n/a Finland...S l n/a France...S l n/a Germany...S l n/a Greece...S l n/a Hong kong SAR1...M. F n/a Hungary...M. F n/a Iceland...S l n/a Ireland...S l n/a Israel...S l n/a Italy...M. F n/a Jamaica...M. F n/a Japan...S l n/a Jordan...S l n/a Kazakhstan...S l n/a Kuwait...S l n/a Latvia...S l n/a Lebanon...S l n/a Lesotho...S l n/a Libya...S l n/a Lithuania...S l n/a Luxembourg...S l n/a Macedonia, FYR...M. F n/a Malta...S l n/a Mauritius...M. F n/a Moldova...S l n/a Mongolia...S l n/a Montenegro...M. F n/a Morocco...M. F n/a Netherlands...M. F n/a New zealand...S l n/a Norway...S l n/a Poland...M. F n/a Portugal...M. F n/a Puerto Rico1...M. F n/a Qatar...S l n/a Romania...M. F n/a Russian Federation...S l n/a Serbia...M. F n/a Seychelles...S l n/a Singapore...M. F n/a Slovak Republic...S l n/a Slovenia...M. F n/a Spain...M. F n/a Sweden...S l n/a Switzerland...S l n/a Taiwan, China...M. F n/a Trinidad and tobago...M. F n/a Tunisia...S l n/a Ukraine...S l n/a United arab emirates...M. F n/a United kingdom...S l n/a United states...M. F n/a Uruguay...S l 4. 01 Malaria incidence Estimated number of malaria cases per 100,000 population 2012 SOURCES: The World health organization, World Malaria Report 2013; United states Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Malaria Information and Prophylaxis information accessed July 11, 2014 NOTE: M. F. indicates that the economy was declared free of malaria by the World health organization (WHO), except in the case of Hong kong SAR and Puerto rico, for which malaria assessment by CDC (2014) was used. S l. means the economy was added to the WHO€ s supplementary list of areas where malaria has existed never or has disappeared without specific measures 1 2014 2. 2: Data Tables 444 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 7 7 1 Egypt...6. 8 2 Argentina...6. 7 3 Mexico...6. 5 4 Costa rica...6. 5 5 Brazil...6. 3 6 Georgia...6. 3 7 Turkey...6. 2 8 Paraguay...6. 1 9 Panama...6. 0 10 Sri lanka...6. 0 11 El salvador...6. 0 12 Oman...6. 0 13 Guatemala...5. 9 14 Azerbaijan...5. 8 15 Peru...5. 8 16 Saudi arabia...5. 7 17 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 7 18 Nicaragua...5. 7 19 Bangladesh...5. 6 20 Cape verde...5. 5 21 Malaysia...5. 5 22 Korea, Rep...5. 5 23 Venezuela...5. 4 24 Thailand...5. 4 25 Suriname...5. 4 26 Honduras...5. 4 27 Colombia...5. 3 28 Dominican republic...5. 2 29 Nepal...5. 2 30 South africa...5. 1 31 Kyrgyz Republic...5. 1 32 China...5. 0 33 Ethiopia...5. 0 34 Philippines...4. 9 35 Guyana...4. 9 36 Zimbabwe...4. 9 37 Tajikistan...4. 9 38 Rwanda...4. 8 39 Botswana...4. 8 40 Vietnam...4. 7 41 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 6 42 Namibia...4. 6 43 Myanmar...4. 5 44 Kenya...4. 5 45 Cambodia...4. 5 46 Bhutan...4. 5 47 Algeria...4. 5 48 Yemen...4. 3 49 Indonesia...4. 3 50 Pakistan...4. 2 51 Haiti...4. 1 52 Swaziland...4. 1 53 Lao PDR...4. 0 54 Mauritania...4. 0 55 Senegal...3. 9 56 Bolivia...3. 9 57 Zambia...3. 9 58 Gambia, The...3. 8 59 Cameroon...3. 8 60 Ghana...3. 7 61 India...3. 6 62 Nigeria...3. 6 63 Mozambique...3. 6 64 Madagascar...3. 4 65 Uganda...3. 3 66 Burundi...3. 3 67 Guinea...3. 2 68 Mali...3. 2 69 Gabon...3. 2 70 Burkina faso...3. 1 71 Malawi...3. 1 72 Tanzania...3. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 7 7 73 Timor-Leste...2. 9 74 Sierra leone...2. 9 75 Chad...2. 8 76 Angola...1. 4 n/a Albania...N/Appl n/a Armenia...N/Appl n/a Australia...N/Appl n/a Austria...N/Appl n/a Bahrain...N/Appl n/a Barbados...N/Appl n/a Belgium...N/Appl n/a Bulgaria...N/Appl n/a Canada...N/Appl n/a Chile...N/Appl n/a Croatia...N/Appl n/a Cyprus...N/Appl n/a Czech republic...N/Appl n/a Denmark...N/Appl n/a Estonia...N/Appl n/a Finland...N/Appl n/a France...N/Appl n/a Germany...N/Appl n/a Greece...N/Appl n/a Hong kong SAR...N/Appl n/a Hungary...N/Appl n/a Iceland...N/Appl n/a Ireland...N/Appl n/a Israel...N/Appl n/a Italy...N/Appl n/a Jamaica...N/Appl n/a Japan...N/Appl n/a Jordan...N/Appl n/a Kazakhstan...N/Appl n/a Kuwait...N/Appl n/a Latvia...N/Appl n/a Lebanon...N/Appl n/a Lesotho...N/Appl n/a Libya...N/Appl n/a Lithuania...N/Appl n/a Luxembourg...N/Appl n/a Macedonia, FYR...N/Appl n/a Malta...N/Appl n/a Mauritius...N/Appl n/a Moldova...N/Appl n/a Mongolia...N/Appl n/a Montenegro...N/Appl n/a Morocco...N/Appl n/a Netherlands...N/Appl n/a New zealand...N/Appl n/a Norway...N/Appl n/a Poland...N/Appl n/a Portugal...N/Appl n/a Puerto rico...N/Appl n/a Qatar...N/Appl n/a Romania...N/Appl n/a Russian Federation...N/Appl n/a Serbia...N/Appl n/a Seychelles...N/Appl n/a Singapore...N/Appl n/a Slovak Republic...N/Appl n/a Slovenia...N/Appl n/a Spain...N/Appl n/a Sweden...N/Appl n/a Switzerland...N/Appl n/a Taiwan, China...N/Appl n/a Trinidad and tobago...N/Appl n/a Tunisia...N/Appl n/a Ukraine...N/Appl n/a United arab emirates...N/Appl n/a United kingdom...N/Appl n/a United states...N/Appl n/a Uruguay...N/Appl 4. 02 Business impact of malaria How serious an impact do you consider malaria will have on your company in the next five years (e g.,, death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report NOTE: This indicator does not apply to economies free of malaria and for which N/Appl. is used 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 445  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Barbados...1. 6 2 United arab emirates...1. 7 3 Puerto rico...2. 2 4 Iceland...3. 5 5 United states...3. 6 6 Greece...4. 5 7 Canada...4. 6 8 Czech republic...5. 3 9 Cyprus...5. 4 10 Finland...5. 5 11 Germany...5. 6 12 Jordan...5. 8 13 Switzerland...6. 0 14 Netherlands...6. 3 15 Australia...6. 5 15 Luxembourg...6. 5 17 Jamaica...6. 6 18 Italy...6. 7 19 Slovak Republic...6. 8 20 Sweden...7. 2 21 Denmark...7. 4 22 Norway...7. 5 22 Slovenia...7. 5 24 Israel...7. 6 24 New zealand...7. 6 26 Austria...7. 9 27 France...8. 2 28 Ireland...8. 6 29 Belgium...9. 7 30 Costa rica...11.0 30 Malta...11.0 32 Oman...13.0 33 Croatia...14.0 33 Spain...14.0 35 Saudi arabia...15.0 35 United kingdom...15.0 37 Albania...16.0 37 Chile...16.0 37 Lebanon...16.0 40 Egypt...17.0 41 Hungary...18.0 41 Macedonia, FYR...18.0 41 Montenegro...18.0 44 Japan...19.0 45 Bahrain...20.0 46 Iran, Islamic Rep...21.0 46 Mauritius...21.0 46 Poland...21.0 49 Turkey...22.0 50 Estonia...23.0 50 Mexico...23.0 50 Serbia...23.0 53 Trinidad and tobago...24.0 54 Argentina...25.0 54 El salvador...25.0 56 Kuwait...26.0 56 Portugal...26.0 58 Uruguay...27.0 59 Seychelles...30.0 60 Tunisia...31.0 61 Bulgaria...32.0 62 Colombia...33.0 62 Venezuela...33.0 64 Nicaragua...38.0 65 Libya...40.0 66 Qatar...41.0 66 Suriname...41.0 68 Paraguay...45.0 69 Brazil...46.0 70 Panama...48.0 71 Yemen...49.0 72 Taiwan, China...49.4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Singapore...50.0 74 Armenia...52.0 75 Latvia...53.0 76 Burkina faso...54.0 76 Honduras...54.0 78 Guatemala...60.0 78 Mali...60.0 80 Dominican republic...62.0 81 Lithuania...66.0 81 Sri lanka...66.0 83 Ghana...72.0 84 China...73.0 85 Hong kong SAR...77.0 86 Malaysia...80.0 87 Rwanda...86.0 88 Algeria...89.0 89 Russian Federation...91.0 90 Ukraine...93.0 91 Romania...94.0 92 Azerbaijan...95.0 92 Peru...95.0 94 Morocco...103.0 95 Korea, Rep...108.0 95 Nigeria...108.0 97 Guyana...109.0 98 Georgia...116.0 99 Thailand...119.0 100 Bolivia...127.0 101 Burundi...130.0 102 Kazakhstan...137.0 102 Senegal...137.0 104 Kyrgyz Republic...141.0 105 Cape verde...144.0 106 Vietnam...147.0 107 Chad...151.0 108 Moldova...160.0 109 Malawi...163.0 109 Nepal...163.0 111 Tanzania...165.0 112 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...172.0 113 India...176.0 114 Guinea...178.0 115 Uganda...179.0 116 Bhutan...180.0 117 Indonesia...185.0 118 Tajikistan1...193.0 119 Lao PDR...204.0 120 Haiti...213.0 121 Mongolia...223.0 122 Bangladesh...225.0 123 Pakistan...231.0 124 Madagascar...234.0 125 Cameroon...238.0 126 Ethiopia...247.0 127 Philippines...265.0 128 Kenya...272.0 129 Gambia, The...284.0 130 Angola...316.0 131 Mauritania...350.0 132 Myanmar...377.0 133 Botswana...408.0 134 Cambodia...411.0 135 Zambia...427.0 136 Gabon...428.0 137 Timor-Leste...498.0 138 Mozambique...552.0 139 Zimbabwe...562.0 140 Lesotho...630.0 141 Namibia...655.0 142 Sierra leone...674.0 143 South africa...1, 003.0 144 Swaziland...1, 349.0 4. 03 Tuberculosis incidence Estimated number of tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: The World bank, World Development Indicators (accessed June 18, 2014; national sources 1 2012 2. 2: Data Tables 446 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 4 7 1 Finland...7. 0 2 Norway...6. 9 3 Denmark...6. 9 4 Switzerland...6. 8 5 Austria...6. 8 6 Spain...6. 8 7 Iceland...6. 8 8 New zealand...6. 8 9 Netherlands...6. 8 10 Puerto rico...6. 8 11 Israel...6. 8 12 Slovenia...6. 7 13 Belgium...6. 7 14 Australia...6. 7 15 Luxembourg...6. 7 16 Egypt...6. 7 17 Croatia...6. 7 18 Sweden...6. 6 19 Chile...6. 6 20 Canada...6. 6 21 Italy...6. 6 22 Ireland...6. 5 23 Slovak Republic...6. 5 24 Uruguay...6. 5 25 United kingdom...6. 5 26 Germany...6. 5 27 Qatar...6. 5 28 Portugal...6. 5 29 Costa rica...6. 4 30 Argentina...6. 4 31 Serbia...6. 4 32 Hungary...6. 4 33 Estonia...6. 4 34 France...6. 4 35 Lebanon...6. 3 36 Greece...6. 3 37 Kuwait...6. 2 38 Malta...6. 2 39 Cyprus...6. 2 40 Albania...6. 2 41 Brazil...6. 2 42 Mexico...6. 2 43 Japan...6. 2 44 Latvia...6. 2 45 United arab emirates...6. 2 46 Taiwan, China...6. 1 47 Poland...6. 1 48 Singapore...6. 1 49 Turkey...6. 1 50 Hong kong SAR...6. 0 51 United states...6. 0 52 Mauritius...6. 0 53 Guatemala...6. 0 54 Bulgaria...6. 0 55 Sri lanka...6. 0 56 Nicaragua...5. 9 57 Paraguay...5. 9 58 Bahrain...5. 9 59 Panama...5. 9 60 Macedonia, FYR...5. 9 61 Jamaica...5. 9 62 Barbados...5. 9 63 Montenegro...5. 9 64 Oman...5. 8 65 Trinidad and tobago...5. 7 66 Jordan...5. 7 67 Georgia...5. 7 68 Czech republic...5. 7 69 Morocco...5. 7 70 Saudi arabia...5. 7 71 Armenia...5. 7 72 Lithuania...5. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 4 7 73 Tunisia...5. 6 74 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 6 75 Russian Federation...5. 5 76 Bangladesh...5. 5 77 Suriname...5. 5 78 Honduras...5. 4 79 Venezuela...5. 4 80 Mongolia...5. 4 81 Azerbaijan...5. 4 82 Cape verde...5. 3 83 Colombia...5. 3 84 Malaysia...5. 3 85 Rwanda...5. 3 86 Lesotho...5. 2 87 Korea, Rep...5. 2 88 Gambia, The...5. 1 89 Moldova...5. 1 90 Romania...5. 1 91 Libya...5. 0 92 Nigeria...5. 0 93 Dominican republic...5. 0 94 Peru...5. 0 95 Yemen...4. 9 96 China...4. 9 97 Guyana...4. 8 98 Ukraine...4. 8 99 Thailand...4. 7 100 Nepal...4. 7 101 Senegal...4. 6 102 Kenya...4. 6 103 Ghana...4. 6 104 Tajikistan...4. 6 105 Guinea...4. 5 106 Vietnam...4. 5 107 Burkina faso...4. 4 108 Pakistan...4. 4 109 Seychelles...4. 4 110 Gabon...4. 4 111 Kazakhstan...4. 4 112 Madagascar...4. 4 113 Bhutan...4. 4 114 Philippines...4. 4 115 Uganda...4. 3 116 Zambia...4. 3 117 El salvador...4. 3 118 Zimbabwe...4. 3 119 Ethiopia...4. 3 120 Tanzania...4. 2 121 Sierra leone...4. 2 122 Haiti...4. 2 123 Cambodia...4. 2 124 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 2 125 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 1 126 Mozambique...4. 1 127 Cameroon...4. 1 128 Indonesia...4. 1 129 Mali...4. 0 130 Lao PDR...4. 0 131 Algeria...4. 0 132 Burundi...3. 9 133 Namibia...3. 9 134 Myanmar...3. 8 135 India...3. 7 136 South africa...3. 7 137 Malawi...3. 7 138 Botswana...3. 7 139 Bolivia...3. 5 140 Chad...3. 4 141 Mauritania...3. 4 142 Timor-Leste...3. 3 143 Angola...2. 8 144 Swaziland...2. 4 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis How serious an impact do you consider tuberculosis will have on your company in the next five years (e g.,, death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 447  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Albania1...0. 2 1 Algeria3...0. 1 1 Armenia...0. 2 1 Australia3...0. 2 1 Azerbaijan...0. 2 1 Bahrain1...0. 2 1 Bangladesh...0. 1 1 Bhutan...0. 2 1 Bulgaria3...0. 1 1 Cape verde...0. 2 1 China4...0. 1 1 Croatia3...0. 1 1 Cyprus1...0. 2 1 Czech Republic3...0. 1 1 Denmark3...0. 2 1 Egypt...0. 1 1 Finland3...0. 1 1 Germany3...0. 1 1 Greece3...0. 2 1 Hong kong SAR...0. 1 1 Hungary3...0. 1 1 Iran, Islamic Rep...0. 2 1 Israel3...0. 2 1 Japan3...0. 1 1 Jordan1...0. 2 1 Kazakhstan3...0. 2 1 Korea, Rep. 3...0. 1 1 Kuwait1...0. 2 1 Lebanon3...0. 1 1 Libya1...0. 2 1 Lithuania3...0. 1 1 Macedonia, FYR1...0. 1 1 Malta3...0. 1 1 Mexico...0. 2 1 Mongolia...0. 1 1 Montenegro4...0. 0 1 Morocco...0. 1 1 Netherlands3...0. 2 1 New Zealand3...0. 1 1 Norway3...0. 1 1 Oman2...0. 1 1 Pakistan...0. 1 1 Philippines...0. 1 1 Poland3...0. 1 1 Qatar2...0. 1 1 Romania3...0. 1 1 Saudi Arabia1...0. 2 1 Serbia3...0. 1 1 Singapore3...0. 1 1 Slovak Republic3...0. 1 1 Slovenia3...0. 1 1 Sri lanka...0. 1 1 Sweden3...0. 2 1 Tunisia...0. 1 1 Turkey3...0. 1 1 United Arab Emirates1...0. 2 1 Yemen...0. 1 58 Taiwan, China...0. 2 59 Belgium3...0. 3 59 Bolivia...0. 3 59 Canada3...0. 3 59 Costa rica...0. 3 59 Georgia...0. 3 59 Iceland3...0. 3 59 India...0. 3 59 Ireland3...0. 3 59 Kyrgyz Republic...0. 3 59 Lao PDR...0. 3 59 Luxembourg3...0. 3 59 Nepal...0. 3 59 Nicaragua...0. 3 59 Paraguay...0. 3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 59 Tajikistan...0. 3 59 United Kingdom3...0. 3 75 Argentina...0. 4 75 Austria3...0. 4 75 Chile...0. 4 75 France3...0. 4 75 Indonesia...0. 4 75 Italy3...0. 4 75 Malaysia...0. 4 75 Mauritania...0. 4 75 Peru...0. 4 75 Spain3...0. 4 75 Switzerland3...0. 4 75 Vietnam...0. 4 87 Brazil4...0. 5 88 Colombia...0. 5 88 Honduras...0. 5 88 Madagascar...0. 5 88 Senegal...0. 5 92 El salvador...0. 6 92 Myanmar...0. 6 92 Puerto rico...0. 6 92 United States3...0. 6 92 Venezuela...0. 6 97 Dominican republic...0. 7 97 Guatemala...0. 7 97 Latvia3...0. 7 97 Moldova...0. 7 97 Panama...0. 7 97 Portugal3...0. 7 97 Uruguay...0. 7 104 Cambodia...0. 8 105 Seychelles4...0. 8 106 Barbados...0. 9 106 Mali...0. 9 106 Ukraine...0. 9 109 Burkina faso...1. 0 110 Russian Federation3...1. 1 110 Suriname...1. 1 110 Thailand...1. 1 113 Mauritius...1. 2 114 Burundi...1. 3 114 Estonia3...1. 3 114 Ethiopia...1. 3 114 Gambia, The...1. 3 114 Guyana...1. 3 119 Ghana...1. 4 120 Sierra leone...1. 5 121 Trinidad and tobago...1. 6 122 Guinea...1. 7 122 Jamaica...1. 7 124 Haiti...2. 1 125 Angola...2. 3 126 Chad...2. 7 127 Rwanda...2. 9 128 Nigeria...3. 1 129 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 130 Gabon...4. 0 131 Cameroon...4. 5 132 Tanzania...5. 1 133 Kenya...6. 1 134 Uganda...7. 2 135 Malawi...10.8 136 Mozambique...11.1 137 Zambia...12.7 138 Namibia...13.3 139 Zimbabwe...14.7 140 South africa...17.9 141 Botswana...23.0 142 Lesotho...23.1 143 Swaziland...26.5 n/a Timor-Leste...n/a 4. 05 HIV prevalence HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15†49 years 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: The World bank, World Development Indicators (accessed June 18, 2014; UNAIDS, Global Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2008,2010, 2012, and 2013 editions national sources NOTE: Economies with a prevalence rate equal to or less than 0. 2 percent (using non-rounded rates) are ranked all first, listed alphabetically, and presented with a bar of the same length although the value may differ 1 2007 2 2009 3 2011 4 2012 2. 2: Data Tables 448 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 3 7 1 Egypt...6. 9 2 Finland...6. 9 3 Denmark...6. 8 4 Norway...6. 8 5 Croatia...6. 8 6 New zealand...6. 8 7 Austria...6. 7 8 Israel...6. 6 9 Slovenia...6. 6 10 Netherlands...6. 6 11 Switzerland...6. 6 12 Slovak Republic...6. 6 13 Iceland...6. 6 14 Serbia...6. 5 15 Spain...6. 5 16 Ireland...6. 5 17 Hungary...6. 5 18 Qatar...6. 5 19 Sweden...6. 5 20 Luxembourg...6. 5 21 United kingdom...6. 5 22 Belgium...6. 5 23 Australia...6. 4 24 Taiwan, China...6. 4 25 Kuwait...6. 4 26 Canada...6. 3 27 Albania...6. 3 28 Italy...6. 3 29 Germany...6. 3 30 United arab emirates...6. 3 31 Uruguay...6. 2 32 Portugal...6. 2 33 Lithuania...6. 2 34 Lebanon...6. 2 35 Japan...6. 1 36 Malta...6. 1 37 Armenia...6. 1 38 Singapore...6. 1 39 Poland...6. 1 40 Puerto rico...6. 1 41 Turkey...6. 1 42 Greece...6. 1 43 Estonia...6. 0 44 Georgia...6. 0 45 Bulgaria...6. 0 46 Latvia...6. 0 47 Chile...6. 0 48 France...6. 0 49 Costa rica...6. 0 50 Bangladesh...6. 0 51 Cyprus...6. 0 52 Sri lanka...5. 9 53 Moldova...5. 9 54 Macedonia, FYR...5. 9 55 Montenegro...5. 9 56 Bahrain...5. 9 57 Mongolia...5. 8 58 Hong kong SAR...5. 8 59 Paraguay...5. 8 60 Russian Federation...5. 8 61 Morocco...5. 7 62 Argentina...5. 7 63 Brazil...5. 7 64 Mexico...5. 7 65 Oman...5. 7 66 Guatemala...5. 7 67 Tunisia...5. 7 68 Jordan...5. 7 69 Azerbaijan...5. 6 70 Mauritius...5. 6 71 Saudi arabia...5. 6 72 Nicaragua...5. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 3 7 73 Czech republic...5. 5 74 Cape verde...5. 4 75 United states...5. 4 76 Peru...5. 4 77 Yemen...5. 3 78 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 3 79 Gambia, The...5. 3 80 Korea, Rep...5. 2 81 Kazakhstan...5. 2 82 Suriname...5. 2 83 Malaysia...5. 1 84 Venezuela...5. 1 85 Honduras...5. 0 86 Ukraine...5. 0 87 Madagascar...5. 0 88 China...5. 0 89 Tajikistan...5. 0 90 Romania...4. 9 91 Colombia...4. 9 92 Ghana...4. 9 93 Libya...4. 9 94 Philippines...4. 9 95 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 8 96 Dominican republic...4. 8 97 Pakistan...4. 8 98 Rwanda...4. 7 99 Jamaica...4. 7 100 Nepal...4. 7 101 Panama...4. 7 102 Trinidad and tobago...4. 7 103 Guyana...4. 7 104 Senegal...4. 6 105 Thailand...4. 6 106 Guinea...4. 6 107 Bhutan...4. 6 108 Nigeria...4. 5 109 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 5 110 Vietnam...4. 5 111 Barbados...4. 5 112 Cambodia...4. 4 113 Lesotho...4. 4 114 Sierra leone...4. 3 115 Haiti...4. 3 116 Burkina faso...4. 3 117 Myanmar...4. 3 118 Algeria...4. 3 119 El salvador...4. 3 120 Lao PDR...4. 2 121 Ethiopia...4. 2 122 Gabon...4. 1 123 Seychelles...4. 1 124 Cameroon...4. 0 125 Kenya...4. 0 126 Zimbabwe...3. 9 127 Burundi...3. 9 128 Mali...3. 9 129 Zambia...3. 9 130 Indonesia...3. 9 131 Tanzania...3. 8 132 India...3. 7 133 Mauritania...3. 7 134 Mozambique...3. 6 135 Timor-Leste...3. 5 136 South africa...3. 4 137 Namibia...3. 4 138 Chad...3. 4 139 Botswana...3. 2 140 Bolivia...3. 2 141 Uganda...3. 1 142 Malawi...3. 1 143 Angola...2. 5 144 Swaziland...2. 1 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS How serious an impact do you consider HIV/AIDS will have on your company in the next five years (e g.,, death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 449  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR...1. 6 2 Luxembourg...1. 7 3 Iceland...1. 8 4 Japan...2. 2 4 Norway...2. 2 6 Singapore...2. 3 6 Sweden...2. 3 8 Finland...2. 4 9 Cyprus...2. 5 9 Slovenia...2. 5 11 Estonia...2. 9 11 Portugal...2. 9 13 Denmark...3. 0 14 Czech republic...3. 1 15 Italy...3. 2 16 Austria...3. 3 16 Israel...3. 3 16 Korea, Rep...3. 3 19 Belgium...3. 4 19 France...3. 4 19 Germany...3. 4 19 Ireland...3. 4 19 Netherlands...3. 4 24 Switzerland...3. 7 25 Spain...3. 8 26 Taiwan, China...3. 9 27 Croatia...4. 0 28 Australia...4. 1 28 Greece...4. 1 28 United kingdom...4. 1 31 Poland...4. 3 32 Lithuania...4. 4 33 Canada...4. 7 33 New zealand...4. 7 35 Hungary...5. 3 36 Montenegro...5. 5 37 Serbia...5. 7 38 Malta...5. 8 39 United states...6. 0 40 Uruguay...6. 2 41 Qatar...6. 3 41 Slovak Republic...6. 3 43 Macedonia, FYR...6. 5 44 United arab emirates...7. 2 45 Malaysia...7. 3 46 Saudi arabia...7. 4 47 Latvia...7. 6 48 Chile...7. 8 49 Lebanon...8. 0 50 Bahrain...8. 2 51 Sri lanka...8. 3 52 Costa rica...8. 6 53 Russian Federation...8. 9 54 Ukraine...9. 2 55 Puerto Rico1...9. 5 56 Kuwait...9. 5 57 Oman...10.0 58 Bulgaria...10.5 59 Romania...10.7 60 Seychelles...11.2 61 Thailand...11.4 62 China...12.1 63 Turkey...12.2 64 Argentina...12.7 65 Brazil...12.9 66 Mauritius...13.0 67 Venezuela...13.1 68 Libya...13.2 69 El salvador...13.6 70 Tunisia...13.8 71 Mexico...13.9 72 Peru...14.1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Jamaica...14.4 74 Armenia...14.7 75 Albania...15.0 76 Colombia...15.1 76 Iran, Islamic Rep...15.1 76 Moldova...15.1 79 Panama...15.9 80 Jordan...16.4 81 Kazakhstan...16.7 82 Barbados...16.9 83 Algeria...17.2 84 Georgia...17.8 85 Egypt...17.9 86 Trinidad and tobago...18.4 86 Vietnam...18.4 88 Suriname...18.5 89 Paraguay...18.8 90 Cape verde...18.9 91 Honduras...19.4 92 Nicaragua...20.6 93 Dominican republic...22.8 94 Mongolia...23.0 95 Philippines...23.5 96 Kyrgyz Republic...23.6 97 Indonesia...25.8 98 Guatemala...26.5 99 Morocco...26.8 100 Namibia...28.3 101 Guyana...29.0 102 Azerbaijan...30.8 103 Bolivia...32.8 104 Bangladesh...33.1 105 South africa...33.3 106 Nepal...33.6 107 Cambodia...33.9 108 Bhutan...35.7 109 Tanzania...37.7 110 Rwanda...38.8 111 Madagascar...40.9 112 Botswana...41.0 113 Myanmar...41.1 114 Gabon...42.4 115 India...43.8 116 Senegal...45.2 117 Uganda...45.4 118 Malawi...46.0 119 Yemen...46.3 120 Ethiopia...46.5 121 Timor-Leste...47.8 122 Ghana...48.6 123 Kenya...48.7 124 Tajikistan...49.0 125 Gambia, The...49.2 126 Lao PDR...54.0 127 Swaziland...55.7 127 Zimbabwe...55.7 129 Zambia...56.4 130 Haiti...56.5 131 Cameroon...61.1 132 Mozambique...63.1 133 Mauritania...64.8 134 Guinea...65.2 135 Burkina faso...65.8 136 Burundi...66.9 137 Pakistan...69.3 138 Lesotho...74.2 139 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...76.2 140 Nigeria...77.8 141 Mali...79.6 142 Chad...89.4 143 Angola...99.5 144 Sierra leone...117.4 4. 07 Infant mortality Infant (children aged 0†12 months) mortality per 1, 000 live births 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: The World bank, World Development Indicators (accessed June 18, 2014; national sources 1 2012 2. 2: Data Tables 450 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR...83.5 2 Japan...83.1 3 Italy...82.9 4 Iceland...82.9 5 Switzerland...82.7 6 France...82.6 7 Spain...82.4 8 Singapore...82.1 9 Australia...82.1 10 Israel...81.7 10 Sweden...81.7 12 United kingdom...81.5 13 Norway...81.5 14 Luxembourg...81.4 15 Korea, Rep...81.4 16 Canada...81.2 17 New zealand...81.2 18 Netherlands...81.1 19 Austria...80.9 20 Ireland...80.9 21 Germany...80.9 22 Malta...80.7 23 Greece...80.6 24 Finland...80.6 25 Belgium...80.4 26 Portugal...80.4 27 Slovenia...80.1 28 Denmark...80.1 29 Taiwan, China...79.9 30 Lebanon...79.8 31 Costa rica...79.7 32 Cyprus...79.6 33 Chile...79.6 34 United states...78.7 35 Puerto rico...78.5 36 Qatar...78.5 37 Czech republic...78.1 38 Panama...77.4 39 Albania...77.4 40 Mexico...77.1 41 United arab emirates...77.0 42 Croatia...76.9 43 Uruguay...76.9 44 Poland...76.8 45 Oman...76.6 46 Bahrain...76.5 47 Estonia...76.4 48 Slovak Republic...76.1 49 Argentina...76.0 50 Vietnam...75.6 51 Saudi arabia...75.5 52 Serbia...75.2 53 China...75.2 54 Libya...75.2 55 Barbados...75.1 56 Tunisia...75.1 57 Hungary...75.1 58 Macedonia, FYR...75.0 59 Turkey...74.9 60 Malaysia...74.8 61 Montenegro...74.6 62 Romania...74.6 63 Cape verde...74.5 64 Peru...74.5 65 Venezuela...74.5 66 Nicaragua...74.5 67 Armenia...74.4 68 Kuwait...74.4 69 Bulgaria...74.3 70 Thailand...74.2 71 Sri lanka...74.1 72 Georgia...73.9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Lithuania...73.9 74 Latvia...73.8 75 Colombia...73.8 76 Iran, Islamic Rep...73.8 77 Jordan...73.7 78 Brazil...73.6 79 Mauritius...73.6 80 Honduras...73.5 81 Jamaica...73.3 82 Dominican republic...73.2 83 Seychelles...72.7 84 Paraguay...72.2 85 El salvador...72.1 86 Guatemala...71.7 87 Cambodia...71.4 88 Ukraine...70.9 89 Egypt...70.9 90 Algeria...70.9 91 Suriname...70.8 92 Morocco...70.6 93 Azerbaijan...70.6 94 Indonesia...70.6 95 Russian Federation...70.5 96 Bangladesh...70.3 97 Kyrgyz Republic...70.0 98 Trinidad and tobago...69.8 99 Kazakhstan...69.6 100 Moldova...68.7 101 Philippines...68.6 102 Nepal...68.0 103 Bhutan...67.9 104 Lao PDR...67.8 105 Mongolia...67.3 106 Tajikistan...67.3 107 Timor-Leste...67.0 108 Bolivia...66.9 109 Pakistan...66.4 110 India...66.2 111 Guyana...66.0 112 Myanmar...64.9 113 Madagascar...64.2 114 Namibia...63.9 115 Rwanda...63.5 116 Senegal...63.2 117 Gabon...63.1 118 Ethiopia...63.0 119 Yemen...62.9 120 Haiti...62.7 121 Mauritania...61.4 122 Kenya...61.1 123 Ghana...60.9 124 Tanzania...60.8 125 Uganda...58.6 126 Gambia, The...58.6 127 Zimbabwe...58.0 128 Zambia...57.0 129 South africa...56.1 130 Burkina faso...55.9 131 Guinea...55.8 132 Malawi...54.7 133 Mali...54.6 134 Cameroon...54.6 135 Burundi...53.6 136 Nigeria...52.1 137 Angola...51.5 138 Chad...50.7 139 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...50.4 140 Mozambique...49.8 141 Swaziland...48.9 142 Lesotho...48.8 143 Botswana...47.0 144 Sierra leone...45.3 4. 08 Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth (years) 2013 SOURCES: The World bank, World Development Indicators (accessed June 18, 2014; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 451  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 1 Finland...6. 7 2 Belgium...6. 2 3 Singapore...6. 0 4 Switzerland...5. 9 5 Barbados...5. 9 6 New zealand...5. 9 7 Ireland...5. 8 8 Netherlands...5. 7 9 Qatar...5. 6 10 Japan...5. 5 11 Canada...5. 5 12 Malta...5. 5 13 United arab emirates...5. 4 14 Cyprus...5. 4 15 Estonia...5. 4 16 Lebanon...5. 3 17 Malaysia...5. 3 18 Taiwan, China...5. 3 19 Slovenia...5. 2 20 Iceland...5. 1 21 Australia...5. 1 22 Germany...5. 1 23 Norway...5. 0 24 Lithuania...5. 0 25 Luxembourg...5. 0 26 Latvia...5. 0 27 Austria...5. 0 28 Hong kong SAR...4. 9 29 Montenegro...4. 9 30 United kingdom...4. 9 31 France...4. 9 32 Sri lanka...4. 8 33 Portugal...4. 8 34 Italy...4. 7 35 Denmark...4. 7 36 United states...4. 7 37 Guyana...4. 7 38 Sweden...4. 7 39 Costa rica...4. 7 40 Ukraine...4. 7 41 Croatia...4. 6 42 Seychelles...4. 6 43 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 44 Korea, Rep...4. 5 45 Mauritius...4. 5 46 Czech republic...4. 5 47 Bahrain...4. 5 48 Indonesia...4. 4 49 Swaziland...4. 4 50 Bulgaria...4. 4 51 Slovak Republic...4. 4 52 Jordan...4. 4 53 Poland...4. 3 54 Zimbabwe...4. 3 55 Albania...4. 3 56 Macedonia, FYR...4. 3 57 Russian Federation...4. 2 58 Bhutan...4. 2 59 China...4. 2 60 Philippines...4. 2 61 Hungary...4. 2 62 Spain...4. 1 63 Gambia, The...4. 1 64 Kazakhstan...4. 1 65 Romania...4. 1 66 Lesotho...4. 1 67 Mongolia...4. 0 68 Cape verde...4. 0 69 Saudi arabia...4. 0 70 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 0 71 Suriname...4. 0 72 Tunisia...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 73 Oman...3. 8 74 Greece...3. 8 75 Jamaica...3. 8 76 Moldova...3. 8 77 Zambia...3. 8 78 Serbia...3. 8 79 Kenya...3. 8 80 Puerto rico...3. 7 81 Cameroon...3. 7 82 Rwanda...3. 7 83 Armenia...3. 7 84 Lao PDR...3. 7 85 Botswana...3. 7 86 Israel...3. 7 87 Tajikistan...3. 7 88 India...3. 6 89 Nepal...3. 6 90 Thailand...3. 6 91 Vietnam...3. 5 92 Georgia...3. 5 93 Panama...3. 5 94 Turkey...3. 5 95 Ethiopia...3. 5 96 Gabon...3. 3 97 Uruguay...3. 3 98 Senegal...3. 3 99 Chile...3. 3 100 El salvador...3. 3 101 Colombia...3. 3 102 Argentina...3. 3 103 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 104 Kuwait...3. 2 105 Morocco...3. 1 106 Azerbaijan...3. 1 107 Namibia...3. 1 108 Bangladesh...3. 1 109 Burkina faso...3. 1 110 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 0 111 Bolivia...3. 0 112 Ghana...3. 0 113 Cambodia...2. 9 114 Venezuela...2. 9 115 Uganda...2. 9 116 Honduras...2. 9 117 Sierra leone...2. 9 118 Mexico...2. 8 119 Pakistan...2. 8 120 Mali...2. 8 121 Algeria...2. 8 122 Haiti...2. 7 123 Madagascar...2. 6 124 Nigeria...2. 6 125 Nicaragua...2. 6 126 Brazil...2. 6 127 Malawi...2. 5 128 Libya...2. 5 129 Mauritania...2. 5 130 Guatemala...2. 5 131 Burundi...2. 5 132 Tanzania...2. 5 133 South africa...2. 4 134 Chad...2. 3 135 Guinea...2. 3 136 Peru...2. 3 137 Myanmar...2. 2 138 Dominican republic...2. 2 139 Mozambique...2. 2 140 Paraguay...2. 1 141 Egypt...2. 1 142 Timor-Leste...2. 0 143 Angola...2. 0 144 Yemen...2. 0 4. 09 Quality of primary education In your country, how would you assess the quality of primary schools? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 452 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Singapore...100.0 2 Canada2...99.9 3 Japan...99.9 4 China...99.9 5 Iran, Islamic Rep...99.8 6 United kingdom...99.8 7 Spain...99.7 8 Uruguay8...99.5 9 Greece9...99.5 10 Sweden...99.5 11 Norway...99.4 12 Korea, Rep...99.1 13 Tunisia...98.9 14 Finland...98.8 15 Belgium...98.7 16 Rwanda...98.7 17 Portugal...98.6 18 Brazil...98.5 19 Nepal10...98.5 20 Iceland9...98.5 21 Netherlands...98.4 22 New zealand...98.4 23 Austria7...98.4 24 Cambodia...98.4 25 Tajikistan...98.4 26 Montenegro...98.4 27 Georgia...98.3 28 France...98.2 29 Vietnam...98.1 30 Germany...97.9 31 Ukraine...97.9 32 Cyprus...97.9 33 Denmark...97.9 34 Mauritius...97.8 35 Taiwan, China10...97.7 36 Latvia...97.7 37 Slovenia...97.7 38 Tanzania6...97.6 39 Morocco10...97.5 40 Mongolia...97.3 41 Algeria...97.3 42 Italy9...97.2 43 Cape verde...97.2 44 Jordan...97.1 45 Barbados9...97.1 46 Malawi7...96.9 47 Australia...96.8 48 Israel9...96.7 49 Poland...96.6 50 Saudi Arabia10...96.5 51 Bahrain1...96.5 52 Oman...96.3 53 Mexico...96.3 54 Russian Federation...96.2 55 Czech Republic9...96.0 56 Lao PDR...95.9 57 Lithuania...95.8 58 Thailand7...95.6 59 Zimbabwe...95.6 60 Malaysia...95.5 61 Argentina10...95.4 62 Ireland...95.3 63 Trinidad and Tobago8...95.2 64 Egypt9...95.1 65 Malta...95.1 66 Bulgaria...95.0 67 Estonia...94.7 68 Turkey...94.0 69 Honduras...94.0 70 Burundi8...94.0 71 Seychelles9...93.8 72 Sri lanka...93.8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Peru9...93.7 74 Zambia...93.7 75 Hong kong SAR...93.5 76 El salvador...93.4 77 Switzerland...93.4 78 India9...93.3 79 Lebanon...93.2 80 Guatemala9...92.8 81 Chile...92.7 82 Qatar4...92.4 83 Venezuela...92.3 84 Suriname9...92.2 85 Indonesia...92.2 86 Kuwait5...92.1 87 Jamaica...92.1 88 Luxembourg9...92.1 89 Costa rica...92.0 90 United states...91.8 91 Nicaragua8...91.8 92 Bangladesh8...91.5 93 Cameroon...91.5 94 Serbia...91.4 95 Hungary...91.3 96 Albania3...91.2 97 Panama...91.2 98 United arab emirates...91.2 99 Timor-Leste9...91.1 100 Uganda9...90.9 101 Bhutan...90.6 102 Kyrgyz Republic...90.5 103 Croatia...89.3 104 Azerbaijan...89.1 105 Philippines7...88.2 106 Moldova...87.9 107 Namibia...87.7 108 Ghana10...87.1 109 Macedonia, FYR...86.5 110 Dominican republic...86.5 111 Myanmar...86.4 112 Yemen...86.3 113 Mozambique...86.2 114 Romania...85.8 115 Angola9...85.7 116 Kazakhstan10...85.6 117 Ethiopia...85.4 118 South africa...85.0 119 Swaziland5...84.7 120 Armenia5...84.1 121 Colombia...83.9 122 Botswana7...83.8 123 Bolivia9...83.4 124 Paraguay9...81.9 125 Kenya7...81.8 126 Lesotho...81.6 127 Puerto Rico9...80.4 128 Haiti...77.2 129 Madagascar3...77.1 130 Guinea...74.4 131 Senegal...73.3 132 Pakistan...72.5 133 Guyana...71.5 134 Gambia, The...70.9 135 Mauritania...69.6 136 Mali...68.7 137 Burkina faso...66.4 138 Nigeria8...63.9 139 Chad9...63.1 140 CÃ'te d†Ivoire7...61.9 n/a Gabon...n/a n/a Libya...n/a n/a Sierra leone...n/a n/a Slovak Republic...n/a 4. 10 Primary education enrollment rate Net primary education enrollment rate 2012 or most recent year available SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data centre (accessed May 21, 2014; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Education at a Glance 2013; Sistema de Informaciã n de tendencias Educativas de Amã rica Latina (SITEAL; national sources 1 1999 2 2000 3 2003 4 2005 5 2007 6 2008 7 2009 8 2010 9 2011 10 2013 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 453  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 5 Higher education and training Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Australia...135.5 2 Spain...130.8 3 Netherlands...129.9 4 Denmark...124.7 5 New zealand...119.5 6 Ireland...119.1 7 Saudi Arabia12...116.2 8 Portugal...112.9 9 Qatar11...111.6 10 Norway...111.1 11 France...109.7 12 Iceland11...108.6 13 Greece11...107.9 14 Finland...107.7 15 Belgium...107.3 16 Singapore...107.1 17 Estonia...107.1 18 Lithuania...105.9 19 Barbados11...104.7 20 Libya6...104.3 21 Costa rica...103.6 22 Mongolia...103.5 23 Canada11...103.4 24 South africa...101.9 25 Japan...101.8 26 Israel11...101.7 27 Hungary...101.6 28 Seychelles11...101.3 29 Germany...101.3 30 Luxembourg11...101.0 31 Guyana...101.0 32 Zambia...100.8 33 Italy11...100.7 34 Kuwait7...100.3 35 Azerbaijan...100.3 36 Taiwan, China12...100.3 37 Brazil11...99.4 38 Sri lanka...99.3 39 Croatia...98.4 40 Sweden...98.4 41 Ukraine...97.8 42 Kazakhstan...97.7 43 Latvia...97.7 44 Austria...97.7 45 Poland...97.7 46 Algeria11...97.6 47 Slovenia...97.6 48 Korea, Rep...97.2 49 Czech republic...96.6 50 Switzerland...96.3 51 Armenia...95.9 52 Mauritius...95.9 53 Bahrain...95.5 54 United kingdom...95.4 55 Cyprus...95.3 56 Russian Federation...95.3 57 Romania...95.0 58 Slovak Republic...93.9 59 United states...93.7 60 Oman...93.5 61 Bulgaria...93.1 62 Colombia...92.8 63 Cape verde...92.7 64 United Arab Emirates6...92.3 65 Argentina11...91.9 66 Serbia...91.7 67 Tunisia11...91.1 68 Montenegro...90.9 69 Uruguay10...90.3 70 Peru...89.8 71 Chile...89.0 72 China...89.0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Hong kong SAR...88.7 74 Jamaica11...88.6 75 Moldova...88.2 76 Kyrgyz Republic11...88.2 77 Jordan...87.8 78 Tajikistan...87.0 79 Thailand...87.0 80 Georgia9...86.8 81 Egypt...86.3 82 Malta...86.3 83 Iran, Islamic Rep...86.3 84 Turkey...86.1 85 Mexico...85.7 86 Trinidad and Tobago4...85.5 87 Venezuela...85.4 88 Suriname11...85.4 89 Philippines9...84.6 90 Panama...84.0 91 Macedonia, FYR...82.8 92 Indonesia...82.5 93 Albania8...82.4 94 Botswana8...81.7 95 Puerto Rico11...78.3 96 Bolivia11...77.3 97 Dominican republic...75.9 98 Vietnam5...75.2 99 Lebanon...74.0 100 Bhutan...73.9 101 Honduras...73.1 102 Paraguay11...69.6 103 El salvador...69.2 104 Nicaragua10...68.9 105 Morocco...68.9 106 India11...68.5 107 Haiti...68.1 108 Malaysia11...67.2 109 Nepal12...66.6 110 Guatemala11...65.1 111 Namibia7...64.8 112 Ghana12...61.1 113 Kenya9...60.1 114 Swaziland11...59.9 115 Gambia, The10...57.5 116 Timor-Leste11...56.6 117 Gabon3...53.9 118 Bangladesh...53.6 119 Lesotho...53.3 120 Zimbabwe...51.9 121 Cameroon...50.4 122 Myanmar10...50.2 123 Yemen...46.9 124 Lao PDR...46.5 125 Cambodia8...45.0 126 Mali11...44.5 127 Nigeria10...43.8 128 Senegal11...41.0 129 Guinea...38.1 130 Madagascar...38.0 131 Pakistan...36.6 132 Tanzania...35.0 133 Malawi...34.2 134 Rwanda...31.8 135 Angola11...31.5 136 Ethiopia6...28.9 137 Burundi...28.5 138 Uganda9...27.6 139 Mauritania...26.8 140 Sierra Leone2...26.4 141 Burkina faso...25.9 142 Mozambique...25.9 143 CÃ'te d†Ivoire1...24.3 144 Chad...22.8 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment rate Gross secondary education enrollment rate 2012 or most recent year available SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data centre (accessed May 21, 2014; UNICEF Childinfo. org (accessed August 07,2014; Sistema de Informaciã n de tendencias Educativas de Amã rica Latina (SITEAL; national sources 1 1999 2 2001 3 2002 4 2004 5 2005 6 2006 7 2007 8 2008 9 2009 10 2010 11 2011 12 2013 2. 2: Data Tables 456 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Greece11...114.0 2 Korea, Rep...98.4 3 United states...94.3 4 Finland...93.7 5 Puerto Rico11...86.5 6 Australia...86.3 7 Slovenia...86.0 8 Spain...84.6 9 Taiwan, China12...83.9 10 Singapore...81.3 11 Iceland11...80.9 12 New zealand...79.8 13 Ukraine...79.7 14 Denmark...79.6 15 Argentina11...78.6 16 Venezuela9...78.1 17 Netherlands...77.3 18 Estonia...76.7 19 Russian Federation...76.1 20 Chile...74.4 21 Norway...74.1 22 Lithuania...73.9 23 Poland...73.2 24 Austria...72.4 25 Ireland...71.2 26 Belgium...70.8 27 Sweden...70.0 28 Turkey...69.4 29 Portugal...68.9 30 Israel11...65.8 31 Latvia...65.1 32 Czech republic...64.2 33 Uruguay10...63.2 34 Bulgaria...62.7 35 Italy...62.5 36 United kingdom...61.9 37 Germany...61.7 38 Croatia...61.6 39 Japan...61.5 40 Mongolia...61.1 41 Libya3...60.9 42 Barbados11...60.8 43 Hong kong SAR...59.7 44 Hungary...59.6 45 Canada1...58.9 46 France...58.3 47 Switzerland...55.6 48 Montenegro10...55.5 49 Albania...55.5 50 Iran, Islamic Rep...55.2 51 Slovak Republic...55.1 52 Serbia...52.4 53 Romania11...51.6 54 Thailand12...51.2 55 Saudi arabia...50.9 56 Costa rica...46.7 57 Jordan...46.6 58 Lebanon...46.3 59 Armenia...46.0 60 Cyprus...45.9 61 Colombia...45.0 62 Kazakhstan...44.5 63 Peru10...42.6 64 Panama11...41.8 65 Kyrgyz Republic11...41.3 66 Malta...41.2 67 Kuwait...40.7 68 Mauritius...40.3 69 Moldova...40.1 70 Macedonia, FYR...38.5 71 Bolivia7...37.7 72 Malaysia11...36.0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Tunisia...35.2 74 Paraguay10...34.5 75 Dominican Republic11...34.1 76 Bahrain...33.5 77 Indonesia...31.5 78 Algeria...31.5 79 Jamaica...30.8 80 Egypt...30.1 81 Mexico...29.0 82 Philippines9...28.2 83 Oman11...28.1 84 Georgia...27.9 85 China...26.7 86 El salvador...25.5 87 India...24.8 88 Vietnam...24.6 89 Tajikistan...22.5 90 Cape verde...20.6 91 Azerbaijan...20.4 92 Honduras...20.4 93 South africa...19.2 94 Nicaragua11...19.0 95 Luxembourg10...18.2 96 Guatemala7...17.9 97 Timor-Leste10...17.7 98 Sri lanka...17.0 99 Lao PDR...16.7 100 Morocco11...16.2 101 Cambodia11...15.8 102 Nepal11...14.5 103 Myanmar11...13.8 104 Bangladesh11...13.2 105 Guyana...12.9 106 Ghana...12.2 107 Qatar...12.1 108 Suriname2...12.1 109 Trinidad and Tobago4...12.0 110 Cameroon11...11.9 111 Lesotho...10.8 112 Nigeria5...10.4 113 Yemen11...10.3 114 Guinea...9. 9 115 Pakistan...9. 5 116 Bhutan...9. 5 117 Namibia8...9. 3 118 Uganda11...9. 1 119 Gabon3...8. 5 120 Senegal10...7. 6 121 Angola11...7. 5 122 Mali...7. 5 123 Botswana6...7. 4 124 Rwanda...7. 2 125 Swaziland11...6. 0 126 Zimbabwe...5. 9 127 Ethiopia11...5. 4 128 Mauritania...5. 1 129 Mozambique11...4. 9 130 Burkina faso...4. 6 131 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 5 132 Madagascar...4. 2 133 Kenya9...4. 0 134 Tanzania...3. 9 135 Gambia, The11...3. 4 136 Burundi10...3. 2 137 Zambia1...2. 4 138 Chad11...2. 3 139 Sierra Leone2...2. 0 140 Seychelles...1. 4 141 Malawi11...0. 8 n/a Brazil...n/a n/a Haiti...n/a n/a United arab emirates...n/a 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment rate Gross tertiary education enrollment rate 2012 or most recent year available SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data centre (accessed May 21, 2014; national sources 1 2000 2 2002 3 2003 4 2004 5 2005 6 2006 7 2007 8 2008 9 2009 10 2010 11 2011 12 2013 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 457  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 1 Switzerland...6. 0 2 Finland...5. 9 3 Qatar...5. 8 4 Singapore...5. 8 5 Ireland...5. 4 6 Belgium...5. 3 7 New zealand...5. 3 8 Netherlands...5. 3 9 United arab emirates...5. 3 10 Malaysia...5. 3 11 Canada...5. 2 12 Germany...5. 2 13 Cyprus...5. 2 14 Norway...5. 0 15 Barbados...5. 0 16 Malta...5. 0 17 Iceland...4. 9 18 Denmark...4. 8 19 Australia...4. 8 20 Hong kong SAR...4. 8 21 Costa rica...4. 7 22 Sri lanka...4. 6 23 United kingdom...4. 6 24 Jordan...4. 6 25 Luxembourg...4. 6 26 Sweden...4. 6 27 United states...4. 6 28 Lebanon...4. 6 29 Philippines...4. 5 30 Kenya...4. 5 31 Austria...4. 5 32 Indonesia...4. 5 33 Japan...4. 4 34 France...4. 4 35 Estonia...4. 4 36 Zambia...4. 3 37 Seychelles...4. 3 38 Bahrain...4. 3 39 Gambia, The...4. 3 40 Portugal...4. 3 41 Montenegro...4. 3 42 Mauritius...4. 2 43 Zimbabwe...4. 2 44 Trinidad and tobago...4. 2 45 India...4. 2 46 Albania...4. 1 47 Saudi arabia...4. 1 48 Slovenia...4. 1 49 Lesotho...4. 1 50 Rwanda...4. 0 51 Bhutan...4. 0 52 China...4. 0 53 Macedonia, FYR...4. 0 54 Guyana...3. 9 55 Lithuania...3. 9 56 Taiwan, China...3. 9 57 Cape verde...3. 9 58 Tajikistan...3. 8 59 Ghana...3. 8 60 Lao PDR...3. 8 61 Romania...3. 8 62 Cameroon...3. 8 63 El salvador...3. 8 64 Swaziland...3. 8 65 Latvia...3. 8 66 Senegal...3. 8 67 Italy...3. 7 68 Tunisia...3. 7 69 Israel...3. 7 70 Jamaica...3. 7 71 Chile...3. 7 72 Ukraine...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 73 Korea, Rep...3. 6 74 Ethiopia...3. 6 75 Nepal...3. 6 76 Kazakhstan...3. 6 77 Czech republic...3. 6 78 Uganda...3. 6 79 Poland...3. 6 80 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 6 81 Oman...3. 5 82 Botswana...3. 5 83 Panama...3. 5 84 Russian Federation...3. 5 85 Puerto rico...3. 5 86 Armenia...3. 5 87 Thailand...3. 4 88 Spain...3. 4 89 Turkey...3. 4 90 Colombia...3. 4 91 Bulgaria...3. 4 92 Pakistan...3. 4 93 Bolivia...3. 3 94 Vietnam...3. 3 95 Bangladesh...3. 3 96 Hungary...3. 3 97 Croatia...3. 2 98 Georgia...3. 2 99 Malawi...3. 2 100 Honduras...3. 2 101 Cambodia...3. 2 102 Morocco...3. 2 103 Moldova...3. 2 104 Azerbaijan...3. 1 105 Kuwait...3. 1 106 Serbia...3. 1 107 Namibia...3. 1 108 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 0 109 Tanzania...3. 0 110 Mali...3. 0 111 Greece...3. 0 112 Sierra leone...3. 0 113 Argentina...3. 0 114 Algeria...3. 0 115 Madagascar...3. 0 116 Mongolia...2. 9 117 Uruguay...2. 9 118 Suriname...2. 9 119 Gabon...2. 9 120 Burkina faso...2. 9 121 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 9 122 Nigeria...2. 9 123 Mexico...2. 8 124 Mozambique...2. 8 125 Slovak Republic...2. 8 126 Brazil...2. 7 127 Guatemala...2. 7 128 Mauritania...2. 7 129 Myanmar...2. 7 130 Nicaragua...2. 7 131 Venezuela...2. 6 132 Dominican republic...2. 6 133 Burundi...2. 6 134 Peru...2. 5 135 Chad...2. 5 136 Timor-Leste...2. 4 137 Guinea...2. 4 138 Haiti...2. 3 139 Paraguay...2. 3 140 South africa...2. 2 141 Egypt...2. 2 142 Angola...2. 1 143 Yemen...1. 9 144 Libya...1. 9 5. 03 Quality of the education system How well does the education system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? 1=not well at all; 7=extremely well 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 458 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 Singapore...6. 3 2 Finland...6. 3 3 Belgium...6. 0 4 Switzerland...5. 9 5 Lebanon...5. 7 6 Qatar...5. 5 7 Barbados...5. 5 8 Netherlands...5. 4 9 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 10 Cyprus...5. 4 11 United arab emirates...5. 3 12 New zealand...5. 3 13 Malta...5. 3 14 Taiwan, China...5. 3 15 Slovenia...5. 2 16 Malaysia...5. 2 17 France...5. 2 18 Estonia...5. 1 19 Canada...5. 1 20 Germany...5. 1 21 Japan...5. 1 22 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...5. 1 23 Lithuania...5. 1 24 Ireland...5. 0 25 Montenegro...4. 9 26 Croatia...4. 9 27 Latvia...4. 9 28 Luxembourg...4. 8 29 Sri lanka...4. 8 30 Ukraine...4. 8 31 Romania...4. 7 32 Tunisia...4. 7 33 Iceland...4. 7 34 Korea, Rep...4. 7 35 Trinidad and tobago...4. 7 36 Indonesia...4. 6 37 Austria...4. 6 38 Australia...4. 6 39 Jordan...4. 6 40 Mauritius...4. 6 41 Norway...4. 5 42 Denmark...4. 5 43 Portugal...4. 5 44 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 5 45 Italy...4. 5 46 Mongolia...4. 5 47 Costa rica...4. 4 48 Macedonia, FYR...4. 4 49 Sweden...4. 4 50 Poland...4. 4 51 United states...4. 4 52 Ghana...4. 4 53 Serbia...4. 3 54 Bulgaria...4. 3 55 Guyana...4. 3 56 China...4. 3 57 Seychelles...4. 3 58 Bahrain...4. 3 59 Russian Federation...4. 3 60 Hungary...4. 3 61 Greece...4. 3 62 Zambia...4. 3 63 United kingdom...4. 3 64 Albania...4. 3 65 Cameroon...4. 3 66 Zimbabwe...4. 2 67 India...4. 2 68 Morocco...4. 2 69 Armenia...4. 2 70 Philippines...4. 1 71 Rwanda...4. 1 72 Kazakhstan...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 Saudi arabia...4. 1 74 Czech republic...4. 1 75 Slovak Republic...4. 0 76 Kenya...4. 0 77 Senegal...4. 0 78 Swaziland...4. 0 79 Israel...4. 0 80 Moldova...4. 0 81 Thailand...3. 9 82 Vietnam...3. 9 83 Lao PDR...3. 9 84 Bhutan...3. 9 85 Spain...3. 9 86 Cape verde...3. 9 87 Nepal...3. 8 88 Burkina faso...3. 8 89 Suriname...3. 8 90 Lesotho...3. 8 91 Puerto rico...3. 8 92 Tajikistan...3. 8 93 Madagascar...3. 7 94 Ethiopia...3. 6 95 Oman...3. 6 96 Botswana...3. 6 97 Gambia, The...3. 6 98 Turkey...3. 5 99 Chile...3. 5 100 Burundi...3. 5 101 Jamaica...3. 5 102 Kuwait...3. 4 103 El salvador...3. 4 104 Pakistan...3. 4 105 Georgia...3. 4 106 Bangladesh...3. 4 107 Panama...3. 3 108 Azerbaijan...3. 3 109 Colombia...3. 3 110 Gabon...3. 3 111 Cambodia...3. 2 112 Argentina...3. 2 113 Algeria...3. 2 114 Mali...3. 1 115 Guinea...3. 1 116 Bolivia...3. 1 117 Uganda...3. 1 118 Venezuela...3. 1 119 Malawi...3. 0 120 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 0 121 Honduras...2. 9 122 Uruguay...2. 9 123 Mauritania...2. 9 124 Haiti...2. 9 125 Libya...2. 9 126 Namibia...2. 9 127 Chad...2. 8 128 Mexico...2. 7 129 Myanmar...2. 7 130 Nicaragua...2. 7 131 Brazil...2. 6 132 Nigeria...2. 6 133 Mozambique...2. 6 134 Sierra leone...2. 5 135 Guatemala...2. 5 136 Egypt...2. 4 137 Tanzania...2. 4 138 Paraguay...2. 3 139 Peru...2. 3 140 Yemen...2. 3 141 Timor-Leste...2. 1 142 Dominican republic...2. 1 143 Angola...1. 9 144 South africa...1. 9 5. 04 Quality of math and science education In your country, how would you assess the quality of math and science education? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 459  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Switzerland...6. 2 2 Belgium...6. 0 3 Spain...5. 9 4 Portugal...5. 9 5 United kingdom...5. 8 6 Singapore...5. 8 7 Canada...5. 8 8 France...5. 7 9 Netherlands...5. 7 10 Qatar...5. 6 11 United states...5. 6 12 Finland...5. 6 13 Chile...5. 4 14 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 15 Ireland...5. 3 16 Costa rica...5. 3 17 Lebanon...5. 3 18 United arab emirates...5. 3 19 Norway...5. 3 20 Iceland...5. 2 21 Denmark...5. 2 22 New zealand...5. 2 23 Sweden...5. 2 24 South africa...5. 2 25 Malaysia...5. 1 26 Italy...5. 1 27 Australia...5. 1 28 Barbados...5. 0 29 Germany...5. 0 30 Cyprus...5. 0 31 Malta...4. 9 32 Israel...4. 9 33 Trinidad and tobago...4. 8 34 Argentina...4. 8 35 Sri lanka...4. 8 36 Taiwan, China...4. 8 37 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 8 38 Montenegro...4. 8 39 Luxembourg...4. 7 40 Philippines...4. 7 41 Guatemala...4. 7 42 Zambia...4. 7 43 Jordan...4. 7 44 Kenya...4. 7 45 Puerto rico...4. 6 46 Guyana...4. 6 47 Austria...4. 6 48 Estonia...4. 6 49 Indonesia...4. 6 50 Ghana...4. 6 51 Senegal...4. 6 52 Latvia...4. 6 53 Brazil...4. 5 54 Morocco...4. 5 55 Mauritius...4. 4 56 India...4. 4 57 Jamaica...4. 4 58 Cameroon...4. 4 59 Bahrain...4. 4 60 Lithuania...4. 4 61 Tunisia...4. 4 62 Slovenia...4. 4 63 Seychelles...4. 3 64 El salvador...4. 3 65 Uruguay...4. 3 66 Hungary...4. 3 67 Pakistan...4. 3 68 Czech republic...4. 3 69 Colombia...4. 3 70 Mexico...4. 2 71 Panama...4. 2 72 Japan...4. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Korea, Rep...4. 2 74 Romania...4. 2 75 Gambia, The...4. 2 76 Croatia...4. 2 77 Peru...4. 2 78 Saudi arabia...4. 2 79 Lao PDR...4. 1 80 Zimbabwe...4. 1 81 Thailand...4. 1 82 Venezuela...4. 1 83 Suriname...4. 0 84 Poland...4. 0 85 China...3. 9 86 Albania...3. 9 87 Kuwait...3. 9 88 Ukraine...3. 9 89 Greece...3. 9 90 Macedonia, FYR...3. 9 91 Lesotho...3. 9 92 Kazakhstan...3. 9 93 Madagascar...3. 8 94 Nepal...3. 8 95 Ethiopia...3. 8 96 Uganda...3. 8 97 Burkina faso...3. 8 98 Georgia...3. 8 99 Rwanda...3. 8 100 Turkey...3. 8 101 Nigeria...3. 8 102 Slovak Republic...3. 8 103 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 8 104 Russian Federation...3. 7 105 Bangladesh...3. 7 106 Nicaragua...3. 7 107 Cape verde...3. 7 108 Tajikistan...3. 6 109 Dominican republic...3. 6 110 Bhutan...3. 6 111 Honduras...3. 6 112 Botswana...3. 6 113 Oman...3. 6 114 Serbia...3. 6 115 Algeria...3. 5 116 Armenia...3. 5 117 Gabon...3. 5 118 Namibia...3. 4 119 Vietnam...3. 4 120 Mali...3. 4 121 Bulgaria...3. 4 122 Swaziland...3. 4 123 Cambodia...3. 3 124 Azerbaijan...3. 3 125 Moldova...3. 2 126 Tanzania...3. 2 127 Malawi...3. 2 128 Sierra leone...3. 1 129 Paraguay...3. 1 130 Haiti...3. 1 131 Bolivia...3. 0 132 Mongolia...2. 9 133 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 9 134 Mozambique...2. 9 135 Yemen...2. 9 136 Mauritania...2. 8 137 Chad...2. 7 138 Burundi...2. 6 139 Myanmar...2. 6 140 Angola...2. 3 141 Guinea...2. 3 142 Libya...2. 3 143 Timor-Leste...2. 1 144 Egypt...2. 0 5. 05 Quality of management schools In your country, how would you assess the quality of business schools? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 460 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 3 7 1 Iceland...6. 7 2 Estonia...6. 6 3 Norway...6. 5 4 Finland...6. 5 5 Netherlands...6. 4 6 Singapore...6. 4 7 United kingdom...6. 3 8 Sweden...6. 3 9 Canada...6. 2 10 Korea, Rep...6. 2 11 Australia...6. 2 12 Taiwan, China...6. 1 13 Switzerland...6. 1 14 Luxembourg...6. 1 15 United states...6. 1 16 Hong kong SAR...6. 0 17 Uruguay...6. 0 18 United arab emirates...6. 0 19 New zealand...6. 0 20 Slovenia...6. 0 21 Latvia...6. 0 22 Denmark...6. 0 23 Lithuania...5. 9 24 Belgium...5. 9 25 Qatar...5. 9 26 Malta...5. 8 27 Czech republic...5. 8 28 Portugal...5. 7 29 Austria...5. 6 30 Cyprus...5. 6 31 Slovak Republic...5. 5 32 Israel...5. 5 33 Macedonia, FYR...5. 5 34 Malaysia...5. 4 35 Hungary...5. 4 36 Ireland...5. 4 37 Japan...5. 3 38 China...5. 3 39 Bahrain...5. 2 40 Panama...5. 1 41 Russian Federation...5. 1 42 Chile...5. 1 43 Germany...5. 0 44 Barbados...5. 0 45 Bulgaria...5. 0 46 Jordan...5. 0 47 Vietnam...5. 0 48 Indonesia...4. 9 49 Moldova...4. 9 50 Poland...4. 9 51 Spain...4. 8 52 Croatia...4. 8 53 Romania...4. 8 54 Puerto rico...4. 8 55 France...4. 7 56 Kazakhstan...4. 7 57 Costa rica...4. 7 58 Turkey...4. 7 59 Georgia...4. 6 60 Oman...4. 6 61 Thailand...4. 6 62 Mongolia...4. 6 63 Saudi arabia...4. 6 64 Trinidad and tobago...4. 5 65 Mauritius...4. 4 66 Philippines...4. 3 67 Ukraine...4. 3 68 Armenia...4. 3 69 Azerbaijan...4. 3 70 Rwanda...4. 3 71 Guyana...4. 2 72 Serbia...4. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 3 7 73 Montenegro...4. 2 74 Seychelles...4. 2 75 Albania...4. 1 76 Argentina...4. 1 77 Greece...4. 1 78 Tajikistan...4. 1 79 Kenya...4. 1 80 Kuwait...4. 1 81 El salvador...4. 0 82 Colombia...4. 0 83 Jamaica...4. 0 84 Bhutan...3. 9 85 Senegal...3. 9 86 Gambia, The...3. 8 87 India...3. 8 88 Lao PDR...3. 8 89 Pakistan...3. 8 90 Cape verde...3. 8 91 Italy...3. 8 92 Lebanon...3. 7 93 Mexico...3. 7 94 Peru...3. 7 95 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 6 96 Tunisia...3. 6 97 Zambia...3. 6 98 Brazil...3. 6 99 Bolivia...3. 6 100 Cambodia...3. 6 101 Sri lanka...3. 6 102 Nepal...3. 5 103 Venezuela...3. 5 104 Dominican republic...3. 5 105 Honduras...3. 5 106 Namibia...3. 5 107 Guatemala...3. 4 108 Botswana...3. 4 109 Mali...3. 4 110 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 4 111 Nigeria...3. 4 112 Morocco...3. 3 113 Ghana...3. 2 114 Lesotho...3. 2 115 Ethiopia...3. 2 116 Uganda...3. 2 117 South africa...3. 2 118 Zimbabwe...3. 1 119 Swaziland...3. 1 120 Bangladesh...3. 1 121 Nicaragua...3. 0 122 Paraguay...2. 9 123 Mozambique...2. 8 124 Tanzania...2. 8 125 Suriname...2. 7 126 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 7 127 Cameroon...2. 7 128 Malawi...2. 7 129 Haiti...2. 6 130 Timor-Leste...2. 5 131 Egypt...2. 5 132 Angola...2. 4 133 Algeria...2. 4 134 Sierra leone...2. 4 135 Madagascar...2. 4 136 Gabon...2. 2 137 Myanmar...2. 1 138 Mauritania...2. 1 139 Guinea...1. 8 140 Burkina faso...1. 8 141 Yemen...1. 7 142 Burundi...1. 7 143 Libya...1. 6 144 Chad...1. 5 5. 06 Internet access in schools In your country, how widespread is Internet access in schools? 1=nonexistent; 7=extremely widespread 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 461  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Switzerland...6. 5 2 Netherlands...6. 1 3 Germany...6. 0 4 Belgium...6. 0 5 Austria...5. 9 6 Finland...5. 9 7 United kingdom...5. 7 8 United states...5. 6 9 Japan...5. 6 10 Puerto rico...5. 6 11 Norway...5. 5 12 Singapore...5. 5 13 Malaysia...5. 4 14 Taiwan, China...5. 4 15 Sweden...5. 4 16 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 17 United arab emirates...5. 4 18 Denmark...5. 3 19 Qatar...5. 3 20 Canada...5. 3 21 France...5. 3 22 Luxembourg...5. 3 23 Australia...5. 2 24 Portugal...5. 1 25 Ireland...5. 0 26 New zealand...4. 9 27 Czech republic...4. 9 28 Costa rica...4. 9 29 Estonia...4. 8 30 Italy...4. 8 31 Poland...4. 8 32 Kenya...4. 8 33 Lithuania...4. 8 34 Cyprus...4. 7 35 Spain...4. 7 36 Korea, Rep...4. 7 37 Barbados...4. 7 38 Israel...4. 6 39 Iceland...4. 6 40 Malta...4. 6 41 Jordan...4. 6 42 Bahrain...4. 5 43 El salvador...4. 5 44 South africa...4. 5 45 Slovak Republic...4. 5 46 Chile...4. 5 47 Brazil...4. 5 48 Zambia...4. 4 49 Philippines...4. 4 50 Indonesia...4. 4 51 Slovenia...4. 4 52 Mauritius...4. 4 53 Latvia...4. 4 54 Guatemala...4. 4 55 Sri lanka...4. 4 56 Senegal...4. 4 57 Turkey...4. 4 58 China...4. 4 59 Russian Federation...4. 3 60 Mexico...4. 3 61 Trinidad and tobago...4. 3 62 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 3 63 Panama...4. 2 64 India...4. 2 65 Argentina...4. 2 66 Kazakhstan...4. 2 67 Lebanon...4. 2 68 Romania...4. 2 69 Thailand...4. 2 70 Croatia...4. 1 71 Colombia...4. 1 72 Morocco...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Saudi arabia...4. 1 74 Dominican republic...4. 1 75 Uruguay...4. 1 76 Guyana...4. 0 77 Cameroon...4. 0 78 Gambia, The...4. 0 79 Azerbaijan...4. 0 80 Honduras...4. 0 81 Tajikistan...3. 9 82 Lesotho...3. 9 83 Lao PDR...3. 9 84 Ukraine...3. 9 85 Hungary...3. 9 86 Jamaica...3. 9 87 Peru...3. 9 88 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 89 Tunisia...3. 8 90 Greece...3. 8 91 Albania...3. 8 92 Ghana...3. 8 93 Macedonia, FYR...3. 8 94 Oman...3. 8 95 Nigeria...3. 7 96 Rwanda...3. 7 97 Bolivia...3. 7 98 Uganda...3. 7 99 Seychelles...3. 6 100 Kuwait...3. 6 101 Pakistan...3. 6 102 Namibia...3. 6 103 Montenegro...3. 6 104 Cambodia...3. 6 105 Burkina faso...3. 5 106 Serbia...3. 5 107 Zimbabwe...3. 5 108 Cape verde...3. 5 109 Tanzania...3. 5 110 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 5 111 Bulgaria...3. 4 112 Mozambique...3. 4 113 Malawi...3. 4 114 Botswana...3. 4 115 Mali...3. 4 116 Georgia...3. 4 117 Madagascar...3. 4 118 Vietnam...3. 3 119 Moldova...3. 3 120 Armenia...3. 3 121 Swaziland...3. 3 122 Ethiopia...3. 3 123 Nicaragua...3. 3 124 Egypt...3. 2 125 Sierra leone...3. 2 126 Algeria...3. 1 127 Bhutan...3. 1 128 Mauritania...3. 1 129 Bangladesh...3. 1 130 Suriname...3. 1 131 Nepal...3. 1 132 Venezuela...3. 1 133 Paraguay...3. 0 134 Gabon...3. 0 135 Myanmar...2. 9 136 Yemen...2. 9 137 Mongolia...2. 8 138 Burundi...2. 8 139 Guinea...2. 8 140 Haiti...2. 7 141 Timor-Leste...2. 7 142 Chad...2. 7 143 Libya...2. 5 144 Angola...2. 5 5. 07 Local availability of specialized research and training services In your country, to what extent are specialized high-quality training services available? 1=not available at all; 7=widely available 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 462 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 Switzerland...5. 7 2 Japan...5. 4 3 Luxembourg...5. 4 4 Malaysia...5. 3 5 Finland...5. 3 6 Qatar...5. 3 7 Singapore...5. 3 8 Norway...5. 2 9 Belgium...5. 1 10 Sweden...5. 1 11 United arab emirates...5. 1 12 Netherlands...5. 0 13 Germany...5. 0 14 United states...5. 0 15 Denmark...4. 9 16 Puerto rico...4. 9 17 New zealand...4. 9 18 South africa...4. 9 19 Austria...4. 8 20 Ireland...4. 8 21 Costa rica...4. 7 22 Canada...4. 7 23 United kingdom...4. 7 24 Indonesia...4. 7 25 Iceland...4. 7 26 Hong kong SAR...4. 6 27 Philippines...4. 6 28 Guatemala...4. 6 29 Bahrain...4. 5 30 Australia...4. 5 31 France...4. 5 32 Albania...4. 4 33 Latvia...4. 4 34 Kenya...4. 4 35 Mauritius...4. 4 36 Estonia...4. 4 37 Thailand...4. 4 38 Honduras...4. 4 39 Barbados...4. 4 40 Malta...4. 4 41 Taiwan, China...4. 4 42 Gambia, The...4. 3 43 Cyprus...4. 3 44 Brazil...4. 3 45 Lao PDR...4. 3 46 China...4. 3 47 Panama...4. 3 48 Nigeria...4. 3 49 Oman...4. 3 50 Lithuania...4. 2 51 Trinidad and tobago...4. 2 52 Chile...4. 2 53 Korea, Rep...4. 2 54 Portugal...4. 2 55 Czech republic...4. 1 56 Sri lanka...4. 1 57 Namibia...4. 1 58 Jordan...4. 1 59 Jamaica...4. 1 60 Saudi arabia...4. 1 61 Ghana...4. 1 62 Kazakhstan...4. 1 63 Zambia...4. 1 64 Guyana...4. 0 65 Malawi...4. 0 66 Rwanda...4. 0 67 Seychelles...4. 0 68 Botswana...4. 0 69 Cameroon...4. 0 70 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 0 71 El salvador...4. 0 72 Poland...4. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 Mongolia...4. 0 74 Mexico...4. 0 75 Lesotho...4. 0 76 Israel...4. 0 77 India...3. 9 78 Senegal...3. 9 79 Swaziland...3. 9 80 Uruguay...3. 9 81 Macedonia, FYR...3. 9 82 Cambodia...3. 9 83 Colombia...3. 9 84 Zimbabwe...3. 9 85 Vietnam...3. 9 86 Dominican republic...3. 9 87 Montenegro...3. 9 88 Nicaragua...3. 8 89 Russian Federation...3. 8 90 Slovak Republic...3. 8 91 Turkey...3. 8 92 Ukraine...3. 8 93 Peru...3. 8 94 Azerbaijan...3. 7 95 Argentina...3. 7 96 Spain...3. 7 97 Kuwait...3. 7 98 Slovenia...3. 7 99 Tunisia...3. 7 100 Gabon...3. 7 101 Suriname...3. 7 102 Madagascar...3. 7 103 Tajikistan...3. 7 104 Cape verde...3. 7 105 Paraguay...3. 7 106 Morocco...3. 6 107 Sierra leone...3. 6 108 Hungary...3. 6 109 Bhutan...3. 6 110 Uganda...3. 6 111 Romania...3. 6 112 Greece...3. 6 113 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 5 114 Georgia...3. 5 115 Bolivia...3. 5 116 Tanzania...3. 5 117 Lebanon...3. 5 118 Algeria...3. 4 119 Armenia...3. 4 120 Moldova...3. 4 121 Mozambique...3. 4 122 Pakistan...3. 4 123 Ethiopia...3. 4 124 Venezuela...3. 3 125 Nepal...3. 3 126 Mali...3. 3 127 Bulgaria...3. 3 128 Guinea...3. 2 129 Croatia...3. 2 130 Haiti...3. 2 131 Bangladesh...3. 2 132 Yemen...3. 2 133 Italy...3. 2 134 Serbia...3. 1 135 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 0 136 Timor-Leste...3. 0 137 Burundi...2. 9 138 Myanmar...2. 9 139 Chad...2. 8 140 Burkina faso...2. 8 141 Angola...2. 8 142 Egypt...2. 8 143 Libya...2. 7 144 Mauritania...2. 6 5. 08 Extent of staff training In your country, to what extent do companies invest in training and employee development? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 463  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 6 Goods market efficiency Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 0 7 1 Japan...6. 4 2 Taiwan, China...6. 1 3 Malta...6. 1 4 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 5 United kingdom...6. 1 6 Belgium...6. 0 7 Puerto rico...6. 0 8 Australia...6. 0 9 United arab emirates...6. 0 10 United states...5. 9 11 Turkey...5. 9 12 Germany...5. 9 13 Korea, Rep...5. 9 14 Netherlands...5. 9 15 Austria...5. 8 16 Sri lanka...5. 8 17 Czech republic...5. 7 18 Qatar...5. 7 19 Switzerland...5. 7 20 Singapore...5. 7 21 Kenya...5. 7 22 Lithuania...5. 6 23 Latvia...5. 6 24 Mauritius...5. 6 25 Zambia...5. 6 26 New zealand...5. 6 27 Chile...5. 6 28 Barbados...5. 6 29 Estonia...5. 5 30 Lebanon...5. 5 31 France...5. 5 32 Slovak Republic...5. 5 33 Canada...5. 5 34 Malaysia...5. 5 35 Spain...5. 5 36 South africa...5. 5 37 Cyprus...5. 4 38 Thailand...5. 4 39 Jamaica...5. 4 40 Saudi arabia...5. 4 41 Sweden...5. 4 42 Guatemala...5. 4 43 Macedonia, FYR...5. 4 44 China...5. 4 45 Denmark...5. 4 46 Bahrain...5. 4 47 Hungary...5. 3 48 Morocco...5. 3 49 Norway...5. 3 50 Nigeria...5. 3 51 Poland...5. 3 52 Brazil...5. 3 53 Indonesia...5. 3 54 Luxembourg...5. 2 55 Uganda...5. 2 56 Colombia...5. 2 57 Jordan...5. 2 58 Italy...5. 2 59 Costa rica...5. 2 60 Ireland...5. 2 61 Philippines...5. 2 62 Trinidad and tobago...5. 2 63 Portugal...5. 1 64 Mexico...5. 1 65 Vietnam...5. 1 66 Slovenia...5. 1 67 Panama...5. 1 68 Paraguay...5. 1 69 Lao PDR...5. 1 70 Peru...5. 1 71 Greece...5. 1 72 Dominican republic...5. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 5. 0 7 73 Oman...5. 0 74 Russian Federation...5. 0 75 Bulgaria...5. 0 76 Malawi...4. 9 77 Zimbabwe...4. 9 78 Rwanda...4. 9 79 Bangladesh...4. 9 80 Iceland...4. 9 81 Senegal...4. 9 82 Mongolia...4. 9 83 Croatia...4. 9 84 Pakistan...4. 9 85 Armenia...4. 9 86 Cambodia...4. 9 87 Gambia, The...4. 9 88 Honduras...4. 8 89 El salvador...4. 8 90 Madagascar...4. 8 91 India...4. 8 92 Tunisia...4. 8 93 Lesotho...4. 8 94 Nepal...4. 8 95 Botswana...4. 7 96 Mozambique...4. 7 97 Mali...4. 7 98 Suriname...4. 7 99 Moldova...4. 7 100 Myanmar...4. 7 101 Ukraine...4. 7 102 Guyana...4. 7 103 Uruguay...4. 7 104 Namibia...4. 6 105 Georgia...4. 6 106 Bhutan...4. 6 107 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 6 108 Finland...4. 6 109 Cameroon...4. 6 110 Burkina faso...4. 6 111 Kazakhstan...4. 6 112 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 6 113 Ethiopia...4. 5 114 Kuwait...4. 5 115 Swaziland...4. 5 116 Sierra leone...4. 5 117 Cape verde...4. 5 118 Ghana...4. 4 119 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 4 120 Romania...4. 4 121 Azerbaijan...4. 3 122 Tajikistan...4. 3 123 Tanzania...4. 3 124 Gabon...4. 3 125 Yemen...4. 3 126 Israel...4. 2 127 Seychelles...4. 2 128 Serbia...4. 2 129 Guinea...4. 2 130 Nicaragua...4. 2 131 Mauritania...4. 1 132 Argentina...4. 1 133 Egypt...4. 0 134 Burundi...3. 9 135 Montenegro...3. 9 136 Algeria...3. 8 137 Chad...3. 8 138 Timor-Leste...3. 8 139 Bolivia...3. 8 140 Haiti...3. 8 141 Libya...3. 7 142 Albania...3. 5 143 Venezuela...2. 9 144 Angola...2. 6 6. 01 Intensity of local competition In your country, how intense is competition in the local markets? 1=not intense at all; 7=extremely intense 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 466 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Switzerland...6. 0 2 Japan...5. 7 3 Germany...5. 7 4 Austria...5. 5 5 Taiwan, China...5. 4 6 Belgium...5. 4 7 Netherlands...5. 3 8 Italy...5. 3 9 Qatar...5. 2 10 United arab emirates...5. 2 11 Malaysia...5. 2 12 Denmark...5. 1 13 Singapore...5. 1 14 United states...5. 1 15 United kingdom...5. 0 16 Puerto rico...4. 9 17 Norway...4. 8 18 Luxembourg...4. 8 19 Poland...4. 8 20 Ireland...4. 7 21 Canada...4. 7 22 Sweden...4. 5 23 El salvador...4. 5 24 Finland...4. 5 25 New zealand...4. 5 26 France...4. 4 27 Hong kong SAR...4. 4 28 Costa rica...4. 4 29 China...4. 3 30 Spain...4. 3 31 Jordan...4. 3 32 Saudi arabia...4. 3 33 Mali...4. 2 34 Czech republic...4. 2 35 Brazil...4. 2 36 India...4. 2 37 Lao PDR...4. 2 38 Zambia...4. 2 39 Turkey...4. 2 40 Australia...4. 2 41 Kenya...4. 1 42 Ghana...4. 1 43 Indonesia...4. 1 44 Malta...4. 1 45 Estonia...4. 1 46 Guatemala...4. 1 47 Morocco...4. 0 48 South africa...4. 0 49 Panama...4. 0 50 Sri lanka...4. 0 51 Gambia, The...4. 0 52 Rwanda...4. 0 53 Cape verde...3. 9 54 Uruguay...3. 9 55 Cyprus...3. 9 56 Seychelles...3. 9 57 Bahrain...3. 9 58 Portugal...3. 9 59 Greece...3. 9 60 Senegal...3. 8 61 Romania...3. 8 62 Guyana...3. 8 63 Nigeria...3. 8 64 Latvia...3. 8 65 Cameroon...3. 8 66 Bolivia...3. 8 67 Thailand...3. 8 68 Kazakhstan...3. 8 69 Vietnam...3. 7 70 Macedonia, FYR...3. 7 71 Pakistan...3. 7 72 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Tajikistan...3. 7 74 Slovenia...3. 7 75 Russian Federation...3. 7 76 Lebanon...3. 7 77 Tunisia...3. 7 78 Iceland...3. 6 79 Mauritius...3. 6 80 Oman...3. 6 81 Lithuania...3. 6 82 Peru...3. 6 83 Honduras...3. 6 84 Lesotho...3. 5 85 Philippines...3. 5 86 Suriname...3. 5 87 Cambodia...3. 5 88 Hungary...3. 5 89 Jamaica...3. 5 90 Namibia...3. 5 91 Azerbaijan...3. 5 92 Montenegro...3. 5 93 Armenia...3. 5 94 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 95 Tanzania...3. 5 96 Slovak Republic...3. 5 97 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 4 98 Barbados...3. 4 99 Burundi...3. 4 100 Kuwait...3. 4 101 Colombia...3. 4 102 Zimbabwe...3. 3 103 Georgia...3. 3 104 Guinea...3. 3 105 Mozambique...3. 3 106 Bhutan...3. 3 107 Bangladesh...3. 3 108 Algeria...3. 3 109 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 3 110 Croatia...3. 3 111 Swaziland...3. 3 112 Madagascar...3. 3 113 Sierra leone...3. 3 114 Mexico...3. 3 115 Bulgaria...3. 2 116 Dominican republic...3. 2 117 Argentina...3. 2 118 Paraguay...3. 2 119 Nicaragua...3. 2 120 Korea, Rep...3. 2 121 Botswana...3. 1 122 Malawi...3. 1 123 Egypt...3. 1 124 Uganda...3. 1 125 Moldova...3. 1 126 Mauritania...3. 1 127 Gabon...3. 1 128 Ethiopia...3. 0 129 Ukraine...3. 0 130 Timor-Leste...2. 9 131 Albania...2. 9 132 Nepal...2. 9 133 Chile...2. 9 134 Venezuela...2. 9 135 Yemen...2. 9 136 Serbia...2. 8 137 Libya...2. 7 138 Burkina faso...2. 7 139 Chad...2. 7 140 Haiti...2. 6 141 Mongolia...2. 6 142 Myanmar...2. 4 143 Israel...2. 4 144 Angola...2. 2 6. 02 Extent of market dominance In your country, how would you characterize corporate activity? 1=dominated by a few business groups; 7=spread among many firms 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 467  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 1 Finland...5. 6 2 Netherlands...5. 5 3 Qatar...5. 4 4 Japan...5. 4 5 New zealand...5. 4 6 United arab emirates...5. 3 7 Puerto rico...5. 3 8 Singapore...5. 3 9 Belgium...5. 2 10 Sweden...5. 2 11 Luxembourg...5. 2 12 Germany...5. 2 13 Norway...5. 2 14 South africa...5. 1 15 United states...5. 1 16 United kingdom...5. 1 17 Malaysia...5. 0 18 Switzerland...5. 0 19 Taiwan, China...5. 0 20 France...4. 9 21 Austria...4. 8 22 Canada...4. 8 23 Ireland...4. 8 24 Malta...4. 8 25 Denmark...4. 7 26 Turkey...4. 7 27 Estonia...4. 7 28 Rwanda...4. 7 29 Cyprus...4. 7 30 El salvador...4. 7 31 Bahrain...4. 6 32 Saudi arabia...4. 6 33 Australia...4. 6 34 Chile...4. 6 35 Lao PDR...4. 5 36 Zambia...4. 5 37 Indonesia...4. 5 38 China...4. 5 39 Jordan...4. 5 40 Uganda...4. 5 41 Jamaica...4. 4 42 Kenya...4. 4 43 India...4. 4 44 Bhutan...4. 4 45 Mauritius...4. 4 46 Costa rica...4. 4 47 Korea, Rep...4. 4 48 Portugal...4. 3 49 Oman...4. 3 50 Hong kong SAR...4. 3 51 Panama...4. 3 52 Iceland...4. 3 53 Gambia, The...4. 3 54 Spain...4. 3 55 Brazil...4. 3 56 Poland...4. 2 57 Sri lanka...4. 2 58 Colombia...4. 2 59 Namibia...4. 2 60 Latvia...4. 2 61 Senegal...4. 2 62 Macedonia, FYR...4. 2 63 Peru...4. 2 64 Morocco...4. 2 65 Czech republic...4. 1 66 Seychelles...4. 1 67 Thailand...4. 1 68 Lithuania...4. 0 69 Mali...4. 0 70 Ghana...4. 0 71 Tunisia...4. 0 72 Philippines...4. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 73 Barbados...4. 0 74 Cambodia...4. 0 75 Botswana...3. 9 76 Guyana...3. 9 77 Slovenia...3. 9 78 Cameroon...3. 9 79 Malawi...3. 9 80 Hungary...3. 9 81 Honduras...3. 9 82 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 83 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 84 Nepal...3. 9 85 Pakistan...3. 9 86 Bangladesh...3. 9 87 Vietnam...3. 9 88 Cape verde...3. 8 89 Romania...3. 8 90 Dominican republic...3. 8 91 Ethiopia...3. 8 92 Greece...3. 8 93 Guatemala...3. 8 94 Kazakhstan...3. 8 95 Tajikistan...3. 8 96 Tanzania...3. 8 97 Croatia...3. 7 98 Slovak Republic...3. 7 99 Zimbabwe...3. 7 100 Italy...3. 7 101 Montenegro...3. 7 102 Russian Federation...3. 7 103 Lesotho...3. 7 104 Mexico...3. 7 105 Armenia...3. 6 106 Trinidad and tobago...3. 6 107 Sierra leone...3. 6 108 Nicaragua...3. 6 109 Uruguay...3. 6 110 Nigeria...3. 6 111 Egypt...3. 5 112 Mongolia...3. 5 113 Burkina faso...3. 5 114 Bolivia...3. 5 115 Gabon...3. 5 116 Swaziland...3. 4 117 Lebanon...3. 4 118 Israel...3. 4 119 Madagascar...3. 4 120 Albania...3. 4 121 Mozambique...3. 4 122 Bulgaria...3. 4 123 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 3 124 Algeria...3. 3 125 Suriname...3. 3 126 Serbia...3. 3 127 Georgia...3. 3 128 Paraguay...3. 3 129 Myanmar...3. 3 130 Azerbaijan...3. 2 131 Kuwait...3. 2 132 Timor-Leste...3. 2 133 Moldova...3. 2 134 Burundi...3. 1 135 Yemen...3. 0 136 Ukraine...3. 0 137 Argentina...3. 0 138 Guinea...2. 9 139 Mauritania...2. 8 140 Haiti...2. 7 141 Chad...2. 7 142 Venezuela...2. 3 143 Libya...2. 1 144 Angola...2. 0 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy In your country, to what extent does antimonopoly policy promote competition? 1=does not promote competition; 7=effectively promotes competition 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 468 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Bahrain...6. 5 2 United arab emirates...6. 3 3 Qatar...6. 2 4 Singapore...5. 9 5 Oman...5. 7 6 Hong kong SAR...5. 7 7 Switzerland...5. 3 8 Luxembourg...5. 3 9 Mauritius...5. 3 10 Malaysia...5. 2 11 Saudi arabia...5. 0 12 Estonia...4. 9 13 New zealand...4. 9 14 Botswana...4. 7 15 Paraguay...4. 7 16 Kuwait...4. 6 17 Netherlands...4. 6 18 Ireland...4. 5 19 Macedonia, FYR...4. 5 20 Trinidad and tobago...4. 4 21 Cyprus...4. 4 22 Georgia...4. 4 23 Panama...4. 4 24 Canada...4. 4 25 United kingdom...4. 3 26 South africa...4. 3 27 Malta...4. 3 28 Sweden...4. 3 29 Rwanda...4. 3 30 Indonesia...4. 2 31 Chile...4. 2 32 Ghana...4. 2 33 Taiwan, China...4. 2 34 United states...4. 1 35 Cambodia...4. 1 36 Germany...4. 1 37 Kazakhstan...4. 0 38 Lao PDR...4. 0 39 Namibia...4. 0 40 Nigeria...4. 0 41 Norway...4. 0 42 Jordan...4. 0 43 Montenegro...4. 0 44 China...4. 0 45 Lebanon...4. 0 46 Bhutan...4. 0 47 Seychelles...3. 9 48 Finland...3. 9 49 India...3. 9 50 Israel...3. 9 51 Timor-Leste...3. 9 52 Philippines...3. 9 53 Morocco...3. 9 54 Thailand...3. 9 55 Myanmar...3. 9 56 Zambia...3. 9 57 Suriname...3. 9 58 Gabon...3. 9 59 Guatemala...3. 9 60 Uruguay...3. 8 61 Senegal...3. 8 62 Swaziland...3. 8 63 Guyana...3. 8 64 Pakistan...3. 8 65 Lesotho...3. 8 66 Sri lanka...3. 8 67 Latvia...3. 8 68 Costa rica...3. 8 69 Tunisia...3. 8 70 Mongolia...3. 8 71 Japan...3. 7 72 Puerto rico...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Barbados...3. 7 74 Australia...3. 7 75 Austria...3. 6 76 Kenya...3. 6 77 Bolivia...3. 6 78 Sierra leone...3. 6 79 Egypt...3. 6 80 Haiti...3. 6 81 Bulgaria...3. 6 82 Azerbaijan...3. 6 83 Albania...3. 6 84 Mozambique...3. 6 85 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 6 86 Algeria...3. 5 87 Guinea...3. 5 88 Zimbabwe...3. 5 89 Angola...3. 5 90 Turkey...3. 5 91 Peru...3. 5 92 Bangladesh...3. 5 93 Vietnam...3. 5 94 Uganda...3. 4 95 Nicaragua...3. 4 96 Tanzania...3. 4 97 Iceland...3. 4 98 Cameroon...3. 4 99 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 4 100 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 4 101 Nepal...3. 3 102 Poland...3. 3 103 Malawi...3. 3 104 Gambia, The...3. 3 105 Armenia...3. 3 106 Korea, Rep...3. 3 107 Czech republic...3. 3 108 Moldova...3. 2 109 Libya...3. 2 110 Mexico...3. 2 111 Ethiopia...3. 2 112 Yemen...3. 2 113 Mali...3. 2 114 Slovak Republic...3. 2 115 Denmark...3. 2 116 Cape verde...3. 2 117 Jamaica...3. 2 118 El salvador...3. 2 119 Burkina faso...3. 1 120 Mauritania...3. 1 121 Dominican republic...3. 1 122 Russian Federation...3. 1 123 Tajikistan...3. 1 124 Lithuania...3. 1 125 Madagascar...3. 1 126 Belgium...3. 1 127 Colombia...3. 0 128 Romania...2. 9 129 Portugal...2. 9 130 Spain...2. 9 131 Honduras...2. 9 132 Venezuela...2. 8 133 Hungary...2. 8 134 Slovenia...2. 8 135 France...2. 8 136 Serbia...2. 7 137 Ukraine...2. 7 138 Burundi...2. 6 139 Brazil...2. 4 140 Chad...2. 4 141 Greece...2. 4 142 Croatia...2. 1 143 Italy...2. 0 144 Argentina...2. 0 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to invest? 1=significantly reduce the incentive to invest; 7=do not reduce the incentive to invest at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 469  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Macedonia, FYR...8. 2 2 Timor-Leste...11.0 3 Qatar...11.3 4 Kuwait...12.4 5 Bahrain...13.5 6 Saudi arabia...14.5 7 United arab emirates...14.9 8 Zambia...15.1 9 Lesotho...16.0 10 Georgia...16.4 11 Croatia...19.8 12 Luxembourg...20.7 13 Montenegro...20.9 14 Cambodia...21.4 15 Namibia...21.8 16 Oman...22.0 17 Cyprus...22.5 18 Ghana...22.9 18 Hong kong SAR...22.9 20 Canada...24.3 21 Mongolia...24.6 22 Botswana...25.4 23 Ireland...25.7 23 Seychelles...25.7 25 Lao PDR...26.8 26 Denmark...27.0 27 Singapore...27.1 28 Bulgaria...27.7 28 Chile...27.7 30 Korea, Rep...27.9 30 Suriname...27.9 32 Mauritius...28.2 33 Kazakhstan...28.6 34 Jordan...28.9 35 Switzerland...29.1 35 Trinidad and tobago...29.1 37 Thailand...29.8 38 Iceland...29.9 38 Israel...29.9 38 Rwanda...29.9 41 South africa...30.1 42 Lebanon...30.2 43 Nepal...31.5 44 Libya...31.6 45 Albania...31.7 46 Indonesia...32.2 47 Sierra leone...32.4 48 Guyana...32.5 48 Slovenia...32.5 50 Yemen...32.7 51 Ethiopia...33.4 51 Kyrgyz Republic...33.4 53 Nigeria...33.8 54 United kingdom...34.0 55 New zealand...34.6 56 Pakistan...34.7 57 Malawi...34.9 58 Bangladesh...35.0 58 Paraguay...35.0 58 Taiwan, China...35.0 61 Vietnam...35.2 62 Zimbabwe...35.3 63 Madagascar...35.8 64 Latvia...35.9 65 Malaysia...36.3 66 Peru...36.4 67 Swaziland...36.5 68 Uganda...36.6 69 Serbia...36.8 70 Cape verde...37.2 71 Mozambique...37.5 72 El salvador...38.1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Armenia...38.8 74 Honduras...39.2 75 Netherlands...39.3 76 Finland...39.8 77 Azerbaijan...40.0 78 Turkey...40.2 79 Haiti...40.4 79 Moldova...40.4 81 Panama...40.5 82 Norway...40.7 83 Barbados...40.8 83 Bhutan...40.8 85 Guatemala...40.9 86 Malta...41.0 87 Poland...41.6 88 Uruguay...41.9 89 Portugal...42.3 90 Egypt...42.6 91 Romania...42.9 92 Lithuania...43.1 93 Dominican republic...43.5 93 Gabon...43.5 95 Burkina faso...43.9 96 Greece...44.0 97 Iran, Islamic Rep...44.1 98 Kenya...44.2 99 Jamaica...44.3 100 Philippines...44.5 101 Tanzania...44.9 102 United states...46.3 103 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...46.4 104 Australia...47.0 105 Slovak Republic...47.2 106 Czech republic...48.1 107 Senegal...48.5 108 Cameroon...48.8 109 Myanmar...48.9 110 Estonia...49.4 110 Germany...49.4 112 Mali...49.5 113 Morocco...49.6 114 Hungary...49.7 114 Japan...49.7 116 Puerto rico...50.7 116 Russian Federation...50.7 118 Burundi...51.6 119 Sweden...52.0 120 Angola...52.1 121 Austria...52.4 122 Mexico...53.7 123 Ukraine...54.9 124 Sri lanka...55.1 125 Costa rica...55.3 126 Belgium...57.5 127 Spain...58.6 128 Venezuela...61.7 129 Tunisia...62.4 130 India...62.8 131 China...63.7 132 France...64.7 133 Nicaragua...64.9 134 Italy...65.8 135 Mauritania...68.2 136 Brazil...68.3 137 Algeria...71.9 138 Chad...73.8 139 Colombia...76.0 140 Bolivia...83.4 141 Tajikistan...86.0 142 Guinea...91.2 143 Argentina...107.8 144 Gambia, The...283.2 6. 05 Total tax rate This variable is a combination of profit tax(%of profits), labor tax and contribution(%of profits), and other taxes(%of profits) 2013 SOURCE: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 2. 2: Data Tables 470 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Canada...1 1 New zealand...1 3 Armenia...2 3 Georgia...2 3 Kyrgyz Republic...2 3 Macedonia, FYR...2 3 Madagascar...2 3 Rwanda...2 3 Slovenia...2 10 Australia...3 10 Azerbaijan...3 10 Belgium...3 10 Burkina faso...3 10 Burundi...3 10 Finland...3 10 Hong kong SAR...3 10 Malaysia...3 10 Portugal...3 10 Singapore...3 10 Sweden...3 10 Taiwan, China...3 22 Bulgaria...4 22 Denmark...4 22 Hungary...4 22 Ireland...4 22 Latvia...4 22 Lithuania...4 22 Netherlands...4 22 Poland...4 22 Senegal...4 22 Thailand...4 32 Albania...5 32 Cameroon...5 32 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...5 32 Estonia...5 32 France...5 32 Greece...5 32 Guinea...5 32 Iceland...5 32 Israel...5 32 Jamaica...5 32 Korea, Rep...5 32 Lebanon...5 32 Mali...5 32 Mauritius...5 32 Mongolia...5 32 Morocco...5 32 Norway...5 32 Oman...5 32 Panama...5 32 Peru...5 32 Romania...5 32 South africa...5 32 Tajikistan...5 32 Uruguay...5 32 Zambia...5 57 Croatia...6 57 Cyprus...6 57 Guatemala...6 57 Italy...6 57 Kazakhstan...6 57 Lao PDR...6 57 Luxembourg...6 57 Mexico...6 57 Moldova...6 57 Montenegro...6 57 Puerto rico...6 57 Serbia...6 57 Sierra leone...6 57 Sri lanka...6 57 Switzerland...6 57 Turkey...6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 57 Ukraine...6 57 United arab emirates...6 57 United kingdom...6 57 United states...6 57 Yemen...6 78 Bahrain...7 78 Bangladesh...7 78 Cape verde...7 78 Chile...7 78 Dominican republic...7 78 Egypt...7 78 Gabon...7 78 Jordan...7 78 Lesotho...7 78 Nepal...7 78 Nicaragua...7 78 Paraguay...7 78 Russian Federation...7 78 Slovak Republic...7 78 Trinidad and tobago...7 93 Angola...8 93 Austria...8 93 Barbados...8 93 Bhutan...8 93 El salvador...8 93 Gambia, The...8 93 Ghana...8 93 Guyana...8 93 Iran, Islamic Rep...8 93 Japan...8 93 Nigeria...8 93 Qatar...8 93 Timor-Leste...8 106 Botswana...9 106 Chad...9 106 Colombia...9 106 Costa rica...9 106 Czech republic...9 106 Ethiopia...9 106 Germany...9 106 Mauritania...9 106 Mozambique...9 106 Saudi arabia...9 106 Tanzania...9 106 Zimbabwe...9 118 Indonesia...10 118 Kenya...10 118 Libya...10 118 Malawi...10 118 Namibia...10 118 Pakistan...10 118 Seychelles...10 118 Spain...10 118 Tunisia...10 118 Vietnam...10 128 Cambodia...11 128 Malta...11 128 Myanmar...11 131 Haiti...12 131 India...12 131 Kuwait...12 131 Swaziland...12 135 Brazil...13 135 China...13 135 Honduras...13 135 Suriname...13 139 Algeria...14 139 Argentina...14 141 Bolivia...15 141 Philippines...15 141 Uganda...15 144 Venezuela...17 6. 06 Number of procedures required to start a business Number of procedures required to start a business 2013 SOURCE: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 471  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 New zealand...0. 5 2 Georgia...2. 0 2 Macedonia, FYR...2. 0 2 Rwanda...2. 0 5 Australia...2. 5 5 Hong kong SAR...2. 5 5 Portugal...2. 5 5 Singapore...2. 5 9 Armenia...4. 0 9 Belgium...4. 0 9 Netherlands...4. 0 12 Albania...4. 5 12 Iceland...4. 5 14 Burundi...5. 0 14 Canada...5. 0 14 Hungary...5. 0 14 United states...5. 0 18 Chile...5. 5 18 Denmark...5. 5 18 Korea, Rep...5. 5 21 Italy...6. 0 21 Jamaica...6. 0 21 Malaysia...6. 0 21 Mauritius...6. 0 21 Mexico...6. 0 21 Panama...6. 0 21 Puerto rico...6. 0 21 Senegal...6. 0 21 Slovenia...6. 0 21 Turkey...6. 0 31 Estonia...6. 5 31 France...6. 5 31 Lithuania...6. 5 31 Uruguay...6. 5 31 Zambia...6. 5 36 Azerbaijan...7. 0 36 Moldova...7. 0 36 Norway...7. 0 39 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...8. 0 39 Croatia...8. 0 39 Cyprus...8. 0 39 Egypt...8. 0 39 Kyrgyz Republic...8. 0 39 Madagascar...8. 0 39 Oman...8. 0 39 Sri lanka...8. 0 39 United arab emirates...8. 0 48 Qatar...8. 5 48 Romania...8. 5 50 Bahrain...9. 0 50 Lebanon...9. 0 52 Cape verde...10.0 52 Ireland...10.0 52 Montenegro...10.0 52 Taiwan, China...10.0 56 Bangladesh...10.5 57 Mali...11.0 57 Mongolia...11.0 57 Morocco...11.0 57 Tunisia...11.0 61 Serbia...11.5 62 Jordan...12.0 62 Kazakhstan...12.0 62 Sierra leone...12.0 62 United kingdom...12.0 66 Latvia...12.5 67 Burkina faso...13.0 67 Mozambique...13.0 69 Finland...14.0 69 Ghana...14.0 69 Greece...14.0 69 Honduras...14.0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 69 Israel...14.0 74 Germany...14.5 75 Cameroon...15.0 75 Colombia...15.0 75 Ethiopia...15.0 75 Russian Federation...15.0 79 Guinea...16.0 79 Iran, Islamic Rep...16.0 79 Sweden...16.0 82 El salvador...16.5 83 Nepal...17.0 84 Barbados...18.0 84 Bulgaria...18.0 84 Switzerland...18.0 87 Dominican republic...18.5 87 Luxembourg...18.5 87 Slovak Republic...18.5 90 Mauritania...19.0 90 South africa...19.0 92 Czech republic...19.5 92 Guatemala...19.5 94 Guyana...20.0 95 Saudi arabia...20.5 96 Pakistan...21.0 96 Ukraine...21.0 98 Japan...22.0 99 Spain...23.0 100 Costa rica...24.0 101 Algeria...25.0 101 Argentina...25.0 101 Austria...25.0 101 Peru...25.0 105 Tanzania...26.0 106 Gambia, The...27.0 106 India...27.0 108 Thailand...27.5 109 Nigeria...28.0 110 Lesotho...29.0 111 Poland...30.0 112 Bhutan...32.0 112 Kenya...32.0 112 Kuwait...32.0 112 Uganda...32.0 116 China...33.0 116 Tajikistan...33.0 118 Vietnam...34.0 119 Libya...35.0 119 Paraguay...35.0 119 Philippines...35.0 122 Nicaragua...36.0 123 Trinidad and tobago...37.5 124 Swaziland...38.0 125 Seychelles...39.0 126 Malta...39.5 127 Malawi...40.0 127 Yemen...40.0 129 Indonesia...48.0 130 Bolivia...49.0 131 Gabon...50.0 132 Botswana...60.0 133 Chad...62.0 134 Angola...66.0 134 Namibia...66.0 136 Myanmar...72.0 137 Zimbabwe...90.0 138 Lao PDR...92.0 139 Timor-Leste...94.0 140 Haiti...97.0 141 Cambodia...104.0 142 Brazil...107.5 143 Venezuela...144.0 144 Suriname...208.0 6. 07 Time required to start a business Number of days required to start a business 2013 SOURCE: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 2. 2: Data Tables 472 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 New zealand...6. 1 2 Malaysia...5. 2 3 United arab emirates...5. 0 4 Luxembourg...5. 0 5 Gambia, The...4. 8 6 Qatar...4. 8 7 Singapore...4. 8 8 Netherlands...4. 8 9 Ireland...4. 7 10 Uruguay...4. 7 11 China...4. 7 12 Sweden...4. 6 13 Oman...4. 5 14 Chile...4. 5 15 Morocco...4. 5 16 Australia...4. 5 17 Estonia...4. 5 18 Rwanda...4. 5 19 Bhutan...4. 4 20 Bangladesh...4. 4 21 Saudi arabia...4. 4 22 Lao PDR...4. 3 23 Macedonia, FYR...4. 3 24 United kingdom...4. 3 25 Malta...4. 3 26 Mauritius...4. 3 27 Montenegro...4. 2 28 Canada...4. 2 29 Austria...4. 2 30 Nigeria...4. 2 31 Germany...4. 2 32 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 2 33 United states...4. 2 34 Denmark...4. 2 35 Zambia...4. 1 36 Indonesia...4. 1 37 Bahrain...4. 1 38 Guatemala...4. 1 39 Brazil...4. 1 40 Belgium...4. 1 41 Cyprus...4. 1 42 Ethiopia...4. 1 43 Tajikistan...4. 0 44 Sri lanka...4. 0 45 Paraguay...4. 0 46 Myanmar...4. 0 47 Hong kong SAR...4. 0 48 Botswana...4. 0 49 Taiwan, China...4. 0 50 Kenya...4. 0 51 Finland...4. 0 52 Latvia...4. 0 53 Cape verde...4. 0 54 Honduras...3. 9 55 Namibia...3. 9 56 Vietnam...3. 9 57 Kazakhstan...3. 9 58 Jordan...3. 9 59 Mali...3. 9 60 India...3. 9 61 Lesotho...3. 9 62 Barbados...3. 9 63 Nicaragua...3. 9 64 Albania...3. 9 65 South africa...3. 9 66 Seychelles...3. 9 67 Dominican republic...3. 9 68 Switzerland...3. 8 69 Romania...3. 8 70 Lithuania...3. 8 71 Uganda...3. 8 72 Peru...3. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Israel...3. 8 74 France...3. 8 75 Cambodia...3. 8 76 Guyana...3. 8 77 Turkey...3. 7 78 Sierra leone...3. 7 79 Armenia...3. 7 80 Korea, Rep...3. 7 81 Norway...3. 7 82 Burkina faso...3. 7 83 Azerbaijan...3. 7 84 Spain...3. 7 85 Portugal...3. 7 86 Philippines...3. 7 87 Bolivia...3. 6 88 Jamaica...3. 6 89 Hungary...3. 6 90 Poland...3. 6 91 Malawi...3. 6 92 Panama...3. 6 93 Ghana...3. 6 94 Costa rica...3. 6 95 Swaziland...3. 6 96 Nepal...3. 6 97 Senegal...3. 5 98 Mongolia...3. 5 99 Georgia...3. 5 100 Madagascar...3. 5 101 Tanzania...3. 4 102 Czech republic...3. 4 103 Puerto rico...3. 4 104 Ukraine...3. 4 105 Tunisia...3. 4 106 Timor-Leste...3. 4 107 Slovenia...3. 4 108 Chad...3. 4 109 Pakistan...3. 4 110 Italy...3. 4 111 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 3 112 Cameroon...3. 3 113 Guinea...3. 3 114 Algeria...3. 3 115 Slovak Republic...3. 3 116 Suriname...3. 3 117 Trinidad and tobago...3. 2 118 Angola...3. 2 119 Mozambique...3. 2 120 Bulgaria...3. 2 121 Gabon...3. 2 122 El salvador...3. 1 123 Egypt...3. 1 124 Thailand...3. 1 125 Russian Federation...3. 1 126 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 0 127 Iceland...3. 0 128 Serbia...3. 0 129 Greece...3. 0 130 Mauritania...3. 0 131 Japan...3. 0 132 Mexico...3. 0 133 Moldova...2. 9 134 Colombia...2. 9 135 Yemen...2. 9 136 Burundi...2. 8 137 Haiti...2. 8 138 Lebanon...2. 8 139 Argentina...2. 8 140 Kuwait...2. 8 141 Croatia...2. 5 142 Zimbabwe...2. 5 143 Libya...2. 1 144 Venezuela...2. 0 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs In your country, how would you assess the agricultural policy? 1=excessively burdensome for the economy; 7=balances well the interests of taxpayers, consumers and producers 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 473  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 3 7 1 Hong kong SAR...5. 5 2 United arab emirates...5. 5 3 Singapore...5. 5 4 New zealand...5. 5 5 Luxembourg...5. 3 6 Georgia...5. 3 7 Portugal...5. 2 8 Finland...5. 1 9 Malaysia...5. 1 10 Barbados...5. 1 11 Jamaica...5. 0 12 Cyprus...5. 0 13 Trinidad and tobago...5. 0 14 Greece...5. 0 15 Ireland...4. 9 16 Suriname...4. 9 17 Zimbabwe...4. 9 18 Bahrain...4. 9 19 Estonia...4. 8 20 Netherlands...4. 8 21 Taiwan, China...4. 8 22 Chile...4. 8 23 South africa...4. 8 24 Puerto rico...4. 7 25 Morocco...4. 7 26 Latvia...4. 7 27 Oman...4. 7 28 Belgium...4. 7 29 Bangladesh...4. 7 30 Hungary...4. 7 31 United kingdom...4. 7 32 Sierra leone...4. 6 33 Mauritius...4. 6 34 Malawi...4. 6 35 Croatia...4. 6 36 Swaziland...4. 6 37 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 6 38 Slovak Republic...4. 6 39 Slovenia...4. 6 40 Qatar...4. 6 41 Sweden...4. 6 42 Nigeria...4. 6 43 Uruguay...4. 5 44 Denmark...4. 5 45 Norway...4. 5 46 Panama...4. 5 47 Austria...4. 5 48 Australia...4. 5 49 Gambia, The...4. 5 50 Lebanon...4. 5 51 Philippines...4. 5 52 Zambia...4. 5 53 Rwanda...4. 5 54 China...4. 5 55 Thailand...4. 5 56 Mozambique...4. 5 57 Saudi arabia...4. 4 58 Guatemala...4. 4 59 Malta...4. 4 60 Seychelles...4. 4 61 Spain...4. 4 62 Uganda...4. 4 63 Kazakhstan...4. 4 64 Namibia...4. 4 65 Pakistan...4. 4 66 Poland...4. 4 67 Botswana...4. 4 68 Azerbaijan...4. 4 69 Paraguay...4. 4 70 Mexico...4. 4 71 United states...4. 4 72 Czech republic...4. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 3 7 73 Macedonia, FYR...4. 4 74 Guyana...4. 3 75 France...4. 3 76 Mongolia...4. 3 77 Turkey...4. 3 78 Montenegro...4. 3 79 Italy...4. 3 80 Armenia...4. 3 81 Canada...4. 3 82 Lao PDR...4. 3 83 Burkina faso...4. 3 84 Nepal...4. 3 85 Jordan...4. 3 86 Gabon...4. 3 87 Germany...4. 3 88 Cambodia...4. 3 89 Moldova...4. 3 90 Serbia...4. 3 91 Vietnam...4. 3 92 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 2 93 Timor-Leste...4. 2 94 Israel...4. 2 95 Peru...4. 2 96 Bhutan...4. 2 97 Lithuania...4. 1 98 Senegal...4. 1 99 Bulgaria...4. 1 100 India...4. 1 101 Cape verde...4. 1 102 Dominican republic...4. 1 103 Indonesia...4. 1 104 Korea, Rep...4. 1 105 Sri lanka...4. 1 106 Ukraine...4. 1 107 Switzerland...4. 0 108 Guinea...4. 0 109 Madagascar...4. 0 110 Kenya...4. 0 111 Russian Federation...4. 0 112 Haiti...4. 0 113 Ethiopia...4. 0 114 Myanmar...4. 0 115 Brazil...4. 0 116 Japan...4. 0 117 Romania...4. 0 118 Honduras...4. 0 119 Colombia...4. 0 120 Cameroon...3. 9 121 Egypt...3. 9 122 Lesotho...3. 9 123 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 124 Tunisia...3. 9 125 Tanzania...3. 9 126 Costa rica...3. 9 127 Ghana...3. 9 128 Nicaragua...3. 8 129 Iceland...3. 8 130 Yemen...3. 8 131 Kuwait...3. 7 132 Libya...3. 7 133 Tajikistan...3. 7 134 El salvador...3. 7 135 Algeria...3. 7 136 Albania...3. 7 137 Bolivia...3. 7 138 Venezuela...3. 6 139 Burundi...3. 5 140 Mauritania...3. 2 141 Mali...3. 2 142 Chad...3. 2 143 Argentina...2. 9 144 Angola...2. 9 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers In your country, to what extent do non-tariff barriers (e g.,, health and product standards, technical and labeling requirements, etc. limit the ability of imported goods to compete in the domestic market? 1=strongly limit; 7=do not limit at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 474 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR8...0. 0 1 Libya1...0. 0 3 Singapore8...0. 3 4 Mauritius8...0. 8 5 Austria...0. 8 5 Belgium...0. 8 5 Bulgaria...0. 8 5 Cyprus...0. 8 5 Czech republic...0. 8 5 Denmark...0. 8 5 Estonia...0. 8 5 Finland...0. 8 5 France...0. 8 5 Germany...0. 8 5 Greece...0. 8 5 Hungary...0. 8 5 Ireland...0. 8 5 Italy...0. 8 5 Latvia...0. 8 5 Lithuania...0. 8 5 Luxembourg...0. 8 5 Malta...0. 8 5 Netherlands...0. 8 5 Poland...0. 8 5 Portugal...0. 8 5 Romania...0. 8 5 Slovak Republic...0. 8 5 Slovenia...0. 8 5 Spain...0. 8 5 Sweden...0. 8 5 United kingdom...0. 8 32 Georgia7...1. 1 33 Puerto rico...1. 3 33 United states...1. 3 35 New Zealand8...1. 5 36 Peru...1. 8 37 Japan6...2. 2 38 Australia8...2. 3 39 Timor-Leste...2. 5 40 Canada...2. 7 41 Armenia...2. 8 42 Albania8...2. 8 43 Ukraine7...2. 8 44 Montenegro8...2. 9 45 Croatia...3. 2 46 Iceland...3. 2 47 Switzerland...3. 5 48 Philippines7...3. 6 49 Myanmar2...3. 9 50 Costa Rica6...3. 9 51 Norway...3. 9 52 Guatemala...3. 9 53 Nicaragua...4. 1 54 Oman8...4. 1 55 Israel3...4. 1 56 Bahrain8...4. 1 57 Kuwait8...4. 1 58 United Arab Emirates8...4. 2 59 Qatar8...4. 2 60 Moldova...4. 2 61 Saudi Arabia8...4. 2 62 Honduras3...4. 6 63 El salvador...4. 6 64 Indonesia...4. 6 65 Mongolia...4. 6 66 Chile3...4. 6 67 Panama...4. 9 68 Serbia8...5. 0 69 Turkey...5. 1 70 Taiwan, China...5. 2 71 Macedonia, FYR7...5. 3 72 Yemen...5. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Tajikistan...5. 7 74 Haiti8...5. 8 75 Botswana8...5. 9 76 South africa...6. 0 77 Lesotho8...6. 1 78 Namibia8...6. 1 79 Swaziland8...6. 1 80 Lebanon2...6. 1 81 Malaysia2...6. 2 82 Colombia...6. 6 83 Vietnam...6. 8 84 Thailand1...6. 8 85 Paraguay...6. 8 86 Dominican Republic3...7. 4 87 Azerbaijan...7. 5 88 Madagascar8...7. 6 89 Mozambique5...7. 7 90 Uruguay...7. 9 91 Lao PDR2...8. 5 92 Mexico4...8. 5 93 Korea, Rep. 2...8. 5 94 Jamaica6...8. 6 95 Burundi...8. 7 96 Rwanda...8. 7 97 Bolivia...8. 8 98 Kenya...8. 8 99 Uganda...9. 0 100 Angola4...9. 3 101 Kazakhstan...9. 4 102 Russian Federation...9. 5 103 Malawi...9. 7 104 Tanzania...9. 7 105 Cape verde...10.3 106 Ghana...10.4 107 Jordan2...10.5 108 Argentina...10.5 109 Kyrgyz Republic...10.7 110 Zambia...10.7 111 Mali...10.8 112 Burkina faso...10.8 113 Senegal...10.8 114 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...10.8 115 China6...11.1 116 Mauritania2...11.1 117 Sri Lanka7...11.3 118 Brazil7...11.4 119 Nigeria...11.4 120 Guinea7...11.5 121 Suriname2...11.7 122 Morocco7...11.7 123 Guyana7...11.8 124 India4...12.4 125 Venezuela...12.4 126 Ethiopia7...12.7 127 Trinidad and Tobago3...12.9 128 Cambodia3...13.0 129 Bangladesh2...13.7 130 Gambia, The7...13.7 131 Sierra Leone1...13.8 132 Cameroon7...14.3 133 Gabon4...14.3 134 Algeria4...14.5 135 Chad6...14.6 136 Egypt4...16.0 137 Seychelles2...16.0 138 Tunisia3...16.3 139 Barbados...16.6 140 Pakistan3...16.9 141 Nepal...17.7 142 Zimbabwe2...21.0 143 Bhutan2...22.7 144 Iran, Islamic Rep. 6...27.1 6. 10 Trade tariffs Trade-weighted average tariff rate 2013 or most recent year available SOURCE: International Trade Centre, Trade Competitiveness Map data 1 2006 2 2007 3 2008 4 2009 5 2010 6 2011 7 2012 8 2014 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 475  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 1 Luxembourg...6. 3 2 Singapore...6. 1 3 Ireland...6. 1 4 United kingdom...6. 1 5 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 6 Slovak Republic...6. 0 7 Czech republic...6. 0 8 Estonia...5. 8 9 New zealand...5. 7 10 United arab emirates...5. 7 11 Australia...5. 7 12 Puerto rico...5. 6 13 Canada...5. 5 14 Chile...5. 5 15 Hungary...5. 5 16 Botswana...5. 5 17 Barbados...5. 5 18 Netherlands...5. 5 19 Panama...5. 5 20 Gabon...5. 4 21 Belgium...5. 4 22 Bahrain...5. 4 23 France...5. 4 24 Uruguay...5. 4 25 Denmark...5. 4 26 Zambia...5. 3 27 Japan...5. 3 28 Costa rica...5. 3 29 Latvia...5. 3 30 Malaysia...5. 3 31 Norway...5. 3 32 Taiwan, China...5. 2 33 Uganda...5. 2 34 Sweden...5. 2 35 Switzerland...5. 2 36 Namibia...5. 1 37 Gambia, The...5. 1 38 Mexico...5. 1 39 Dominican republic...5. 1 40 Morocco...5. 1 41 United states...5. 1 42 South africa...5. 1 43 Sierra leone...5. 1 44 Finland...5. 1 45 Peru...5. 0 46 Germany...5. 0 47 Jamaica...5. 0 48 Spain...4. 9 49 Nigeria...4. 9 50 Austria...4. 9 51 Philippines...4. 9 52 Israel...4. 9 53 Guatemala...4. 9 54 Poland...4. 9 55 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 9 56 Mozambique...4. 8 57 Sri lanka...4. 8 58 Swaziland...4. 8 59 Qatar...4. 8 60 Malta...4. 8 61 Cameroon...4. 8 62 Honduras...4. 7 63 Mongolia...4. 7 64 Cambodia...4. 7 65 Mauritius...4. 7 66 Jordan...4. 6 67 Malawi...4. 6 68 Indonesia...4. 6 69 Cape verde...4. 5 70 Thailand...4. 5 71 China...4. 5 72 Ghana...4. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 73 Senegal...4. 5 74 Trinidad and tobago...4. 5 75 Montenegro...4. 5 76 Colombia...4. 5 77 Greece...4. 5 78 Kenya...4. 5 79 Oman...4. 5 80 Argentina...4. 4 81 Tunisia...4. 4 82 Portugal...4. 4 83 Rwanda...4. 4 84 Cyprus...4. 4 85 Guyana...4. 4 86 Paraguay...4. 4 87 Seychelles...4. 4 88 Lithuania...4. 4 89 Romania...4. 3 90 Nicaragua...4. 3 91 Brazil...4. 3 92 Croatia...4. 3 93 Lao PDR...4. 3 94 Zimbabwe...4. 3 95 Armenia...4. 3 96 Madagascar...4. 3 97 Timor-Leste...4. 2 98 India...4. 2 99 Korea, Rep...4. 2 100 Georgia...4. 2 101 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 1 102 Turkey...4. 1 103 Vietnam...4. 1 104 Tanzania...4. 1 105 Burkina faso...4. 1 106 Saudi arabia...4. 1 107 Lesotho...4. 0 108 Bulgaria...4. 0 109 Serbia...4. 0 110 El salvador...4. 0 111 Kazakhstan...4. 0 112 Macedonia, FYR...3. 9 113 Lebanon...3. 9 114 Pakistan...3. 8 115 Azerbaijan...3. 8 116 Suriname...3. 8 117 Moldova...3. 7 118 Bangladesh...3. 7 119 Guinea...3. 5 120 Mali...3. 5 121 Bolivia...3. 5 122 Ukraine...3. 5 123 Italy...3. 5 124 Russian Federation...3. 4 125 Tajikistan...3. 4 126 Egypt...3. 3 127 Nepal...3. 3 128 Chad...3. 3 129 Iceland...3. 3 130 Venezuela...3. 2 131 Algeria...3. 2 132 Ethiopia...3. 2 133 Albania...3. 2 134 Slovenia...3. 2 135 Myanmar...3. 1 136 Haiti...3. 0 137 Kuwait...3. 0 138 Angola...2. 9 139 Burundi...2. 8 140 Mauritania...2. 7 141 Bhutan...2. 6 142 Yemen...2. 5 143 Libya...2. 4 144 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 2 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership In your country, how prevalent is foreign ownership of companies? 1=extremely rare; 7=highly prevalent 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 476 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 3 7 1 Ireland...6. 6 2 Singapore...6. 3 3 Hong kong SAR...6. 2 4 Luxembourg...5. 9 5 Rwanda...5. 8 6 United arab emirates...5. 7 7 Mauritius...5. 6 8 United kingdom...5. 6 9 Qatar...5. 5 10 Morocco...5. 5 11 Malaysia...5. 5 12 Bahrain...5. 5 13 Panama...5. 4 14 Netherlands...5. 4 15 Malta...5. 3 16 Taiwan, China...5. 3 17 Estonia...5. 3 18 Chile...5. 3 19 Sri lanka...5. 2 20 Macedonia, FYR...5. 2 21 Uruguay...5. 2 22 Thailand...5. 1 23 Puerto rico...5. 0 24 Zambia...5. 0 25 Sweden...5. 0 26 China...5. 0 27 Finland...5. 0 28 Georgia...4. 9 29 Oman...4. 9 30 Uganda...4. 9 31 Switzerland...4. 9 32 Costa rica...4. 9 33 Cambodia...4. 8 34 Lao PDR...4. 8 35 Germany...4. 8 36 Latvia...4. 8 37 Vietnam...4. 7 38 Norway...4. 7 39 Mozambique...4. 7 40 Peru...4. 7 41 Barbados...4. 7 42 Denmark...4. 7 43 Belgium...4. 7 44 United states...4. 7 45 Nigeria...4. 7 46 Bangladesh...4. 7 47 Lesotho...4. 7 48 Gambia, The...4. 7 49 Tunisia...4. 6 50 Australia...4. 6 51 Cyprus...4. 6 52 Canada...4. 6 53 Burkina faso...4. 6 54 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 6 55 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 56 New zealand...4. 6 57 Austria...4. 6 58 Japan...4. 6 59 Indonesia...4. 6 60 Mexico...4. 6 61 Israel...4. 5 62 Albania...4. 5 63 Colombia...4. 5 64 Slovak Republic...4. 5 65 Philippines...4. 5 66 France...4. 5 67 Czech republic...4. 5 68 Senegal...4. 5 69 Cameroon...4. 5 70 Kenya...4. 4 71 Turkey...4. 4 72 Paraguay...4. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 3 7 73 Jordan...4. 4 74 Montenegro...4. 4 75 Pakistan...4. 4 76 Poland...4. 4 77 Dominican republic...4. 4 78 Kazakhstan...4. 4 79 Portugal...4. 3 80 Sierra leone...4. 3 81 Azerbaijan...4. 3 82 Tanzania...4. 3 83 Botswana...4. 3 84 Hungary...4. 3 85 Cape verde...4. 3 86 Korea, Rep...4. 2 87 Ghana...4. 2 88 Bhutan...4. 2 89 Gabon...4. 2 90 Spain...4. 2 91 Mongolia...4. 2 92 Nicaragua...4. 2 93 India...4. 2 94 Ethiopia...4. 2 95 Saudi arabia...4. 2 96 Guatemala...4. 2 97 Namibia...4. 2 98 Seychelles...4. 1 99 Malawi...4. 1 100 Jamaica...4. 1 101 Lithuania...4. 0 102 Madagascar...4. 0 103 Guyana...4. 0 104 South africa...4. 0 105 Romania...4. 0 106 Swaziland...3. 9 107 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 9 108 Moldova...3. 9 109 Mali...3. 9 110 Armenia...3. 8 111 Lebanon...3. 8 112 Suriname...3. 8 113 Bulgaria...3. 8 114 Brazil...3. 7 115 El salvador...3. 7 116 Nepal...3. 7 117 Honduras...3. 7 118 Russian Federation...3. 7 119 Timor-Leste...3. 6 120 Bolivia...3. 6 121 Tajikistan...3. 6 122 Yemen...3. 6 123 Myanmar...3. 6 124 Egypt...3. 6 125 Ukraine...3. 5 126 Haiti...3. 5 127 Guinea...3. 4 128 Algeria...3. 3 129 Burundi...3. 3 130 Serbia...3. 2 131 Chad...3. 1 132 Mauritania...3. 1 133 Greece...3. 0 134 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 0 135 Libya...3. 0 136 Slovenia...2. 9 137 Iceland...2. 9 138 Italy...2. 7 139 Kuwait...2. 6 140 Croatia...2. 6 141 Angola...2. 6 142 Zimbabwe...1. 8 143 Argentina...1. 8 144 Venezuela...1. 4 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI In your country, to what extent do rules and regulations encourage or discourage foreign direct investment (FDI)? 1=strongly discourage fdi; 7=strongly encourage fdi 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 477  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 1 Singapore...6. 1 2 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 3 United arab emirates...6. 0 4 Finland...6. 0 5 New zealand...5. 9 6 Netherlands...5. 6 7 Georgia...5. 6 8 Ireland...5. 5 9 Luxembourg...5. 5 10 Taiwan, China...5. 5 11 Qatar...5. 4 12 United kingdom...5. 3 13 Estonia...5. 3 14 Iceland...5. 3 15 Norway...5. 2 16 Rwanda...5. 2 17 Sweden...5. 2 18 Switzerland...5. 2 19 Austria...5. 2 20 Malaysia...5. 2 21 Australia...5. 2 22 Belgium...5. 2 23 Denmark...5. 2 24 Japan...5. 1 25 Puerto rico...5. 1 26 Portugal...5. 1 27 Chile...5. 0 28 Canada...4. 9 29 Cyprus...4. 9 30 Slovenia...4. 9 31 Hungary...4. 8 32 Oman...4. 8 33 United states...4. 8 34 Spain...4. 8 35 France...4. 7 36 Macedonia, FYR...4. 7 37 Germany...4. 7 38 Mauritius...4. 7 39 Bahrain...4. 7 40 Malta...4. 7 41 Croatia...4. 6 42 Gambia, The...4. 6 43 Lithuania...4. 6 44 Jordan...4. 5 45 Latvia...4. 5 46 Uruguay...4. 5 47 Czech republic...4. 5 48 Slovak Republic...4. 5 49 Bhutan...4. 5 50 Panama...4. 4 51 Dominican republic...4. 4 52 Korea, Rep...4. 4 53 Israel...4. 4 54 Saudi arabia...4. 3 55 China...4. 3 56 Senegal...4. 3 57 Morocco...4. 3 58 Poland...4. 3 59 Zambia...4. 2 60 Botswana...4. 2 61 Greece...4. 2 62 South africa...4. 1 63 Lao PDR...4. 1 64 Namibia...4. 1 65 Montenegro...4. 1 66 Paraguay...4. 1 67 Bulgaria...4. 1 68 Indonesia...4. 0 69 Sri lanka...4. 0 70 Mexico...4. 0 71 Italy...4. 0 72 Barbados...4. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 73 Peru...4. 0 74 Thailand...3. 9 75 India...3. 9 76 El salvador...3. 9 77 Kazakhstan...3. 9 78 Costa rica...3. 9 79 Seychelles...3. 8 80 Malawi...3. 8 81 Egypt...3. 8 82 Bolivia...3. 8 83 Turkey...3. 8 84 Uganda...3. 8 85 Guyana...3. 7 86 Romania...3. 7 87 Pakistan...3. 7 88 Guatemala...3. 7 89 Moldova...3. 7 90 Cameroon...3. 6 91 Colombia...3. 6 92 Kenya...3. 6 93 Burkina faso...3. 6 94 Vietnam...3. 6 95 Russian Federation...3. 6 96 Serbia...3. 6 97 Jamaica...3. 6 98 Tajikistan...3. 6 99 Philippines...3. 5 100 Kuwait...3. 5 101 Gabon...3. 5 102 Swaziland...3. 5 103 Honduras...3. 5 104 Mozambique...3. 5 105 Bangladesh...3. 5 106 Tunisia...3. 4 107 Lesotho...3. 4 108 Armenia...3. 4 109 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 4 110 Sierra leone...3. 4 111 Suriname...3. 4 112 Albania...3. 4 113 Ghana...3. 4 114 Madagascar...3. 4 115 Mongolia...3. 3 116 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 3 117 Guinea...3. 3 118 Ukraine...3. 3 119 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 120 Cape verde...3. 2 121 Mali...3. 2 122 Azerbaijan...3. 2 123 Tanzania...3. 2 124 Nepal...3. 2 125 Myanmar...3. 2 126 Timor-Leste...3. 1 127 Trinidad and tobago...3. 1 128 Cambodia...3. 1 129 Lebanon...3. 1 130 Nicaragua...3. 1 131 Yemen...3. 0 132 Nigeria...3. 0 133 Zimbabwe...3. 0 134 Mauritania...3. 0 135 Ethiopia...2. 9 136 Burundi...2. 9 137 Algeria...2. 8 138 Brazil...2. 7 139 Libya...2. 6 140 Haiti...2. 3 141 Chad...2. 1 142 Argentina...2. 0 143 Angola...1. 8 144 Venezuela...1. 7 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures In your country, how efficient are the customs procedures (related to the entry and exit of merchandise? 1=not efficient at all; 7=extremely efficient 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 478 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR...249.1 2 Singapore...167.5 3 Lesotho2...127.4 4 Luxembourg...125.3 5 Kyrgyz Republic...109.5 6 Belgium...107.9 7 Mauritania2...102.0 8 Malta...94.7 9 Cambodia...93.7 10 Slovak Republic...92.9 11 Estonia...91.6 12 Netherlands...88.9 13 Seychelles2...88.8 14 Guyana2...88.4 15 Hungary...87.8 16 Vietnam...85.1 17 Lithuania...84.9 18 Puerto rico...84.6 19 Ireland...83.6 20 Czech republic...82.1 21 Moldova...81.7 22 Slovenia...80.8 23 Lebanon2...80.4 24 Malaysia...80.0 25 Thailand...78.9 26 Jordan...77.7 27 United Arab Emirates2...76.3 28 Mozambique...75.4 29 Macedonia, FYR...74.4 30 Mongolia...74.1 31 Bulgaria...73.5 32 Malawi2...70.2 33 Swaziland2...68.8 34 Namibia...68.1 35 Honduras...67.4 36 Mauritius...67.1 37 Montenegro...66.8 38 Latvia...65.6 39 Tajikistan...64.8 40 Panama...64.3 41 Trinidad and Tobago1...63.9 42 Taiwan, China...63.7 43 Botswana2...59.5 44 Tunisia...58.0 45 Georgia...57.8 46 Serbia...57.6 47 Nicaragua...57.3 48 Jamaica...56.8 49 Suriname...56.3 50 Bhutan2...56.3 51 Sierra Leone2...55.3 52 Austria...54.6 53 Albania...54.0 54 Senegal2...53.7 55 Guinea2...53.6 56 Armenia...53.5 57 Gambia, The2...53.2 58 Barbados...52.5 59 Iceland...52.2 60 Ukraine...51.9 61 Cape verde...51.0 62 Korea, Rep...50.9 63 Ghana...50.5 64 CÃ'te d†Ivoire2...50.3 65 Zimbabwe1...50.1 66 Paraguay2...49.7 67 Haiti2...49.5 68 El salvador...49.4 69 Morocco...49.1 70 Zambia2...48.6 71 Oman2...47.7 72 Denmark...47.5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Bahrain2...47.1 74 Poland...45.9 75 Kenya2...45.5 76 Tanzania...45.2 77 Romania...44.0 78 Cyprus...43.8 79 Croatia...42.4 80 Mali2...42.3 81 Chad2...42.1 82 Madagascar2...42.0 83 Germany...41.3 84 Finland...41.2 85 South africa...40.7 86 Portugal...40.6 87 Costa rica...40.2 88 Rwanda2...39.9 89 Sri Lanka2...39.7 90 Burkina Faso2...39.2 91 Yemen2...39.1 92 Angola2...38.9 93 Switzerland...38.8 94 Sweden...38.7 95 Nepal...38.6 96 Bolivia...38.6 97 Burundi2...37.4 98 Guatemala...36.8 99 Ethiopia2...36.4 100 Uganda...36.2 101 Libya2...34.5 102 Chile...34.4 103 Gabon2...34.1 104 Cameroon2...33.9 105 Mexico...33.3 106 Turkey...33.1 107 United kingdom...32.6 108 Israel...32.5 109 Canada...31.7 110 France...31.7 111 Algeria...31.7 112 India...31.7 113 Greece...31.7 114 Spain...31.6 115 Dominican republic...30.7 116 Lao PDR2...30.6 117 Qatar...30.5 118 Bangladesh...30.1 119 Philippines...29.7 120 Saudi arabia...28.7 121 New zealand...28.6 122 Italy...28.2 123 Kazakhstan...27.7 124 Egypt...27.5 125 Nigeria...27.0 126 Azerbaijan...26.6 127 Uruguay...26.2 128 Norway...26.0 129 Indonesia...25.4 130 China...24.8 131 Peru...24.8 132 Kuwait2...24.6 133 Russian Federation...22.1 134 Pakistan...21.6 135 Japan...20.3 136 Australia...20.2 137 Argentina...19.0 138 Venezuela...18.9 139 Colombia...18.4 140 Myanmar1...18.0 141 Timor-Leste2...17.9 142 Iran, Islamic Rep. 2...17.5 143 United states...16.4 144 Brazil...14.9 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP Imports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: World trade organization, Statistical Database: Time series on Merchandise and Commercial Services (accessed July 02,2014; International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 479  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 1 Japan...6. 3 2 Switzerland...6. 0 3 Austria...5. 8 4 Qatar...5. 8 5 New zealand...5. 7 6 United arab emirates...5. 7 7 Hong kong SAR...5. 7 8 Taiwan, China...5. 6 9 Belgium...5. 6 10 Denmark...5. 5 11 Malaysia...5. 5 12 Singapore...5. 5 13 Korea, Rep...5. 5 14 United states...5. 4 15 Canada...5. 4 16 Luxembourg...5. 4 17 Thailand...5. 4 18 Sweden...5. 4 19 Norway...5. 4 20 Germany...5. 3 21 Guatemala...5. 3 22 Iceland...5. 3 23 Netherlands...5. 3 24 Ireland...5. 3 25 Philippines...5. 2 26 Finland...5. 2 27 Sri lanka...5. 2 28 Puerto rico...5. 2 29 United kingdom...5. 2 30 Lithuania...5. 2 31 Estonia...5. 1 32 Turkey...5. 1 33 Portugal...5. 1 34 Cyprus...5. 1 35 Kenya...5. 1 36 Egypt...5. 1 37 Costa rica...5. 1 38 Latvia...5. 0 39 Indonesia...5. 0 40 Bulgaria...5. 0 41 France...5. 0 42 Colombia...5. 0 43 Italy...5. 0 44 El salvador...4. 9 45 Slovenia...4. 9 46 Australia...4. 9 47 Jordan...4. 9 48 Oman...4. 9 49 Poland...4. 9 50 Mauritius...4. 8 51 Peru...4. 8 52 Bahrain...4. 8 53 Gambia, The...4. 7 54 Macedonia, FYR...4. 7 55 Mexico...4. 7 56 Zambia...4. 7 57 Albania...4. 7 58 Senegal...4. 7 59 Czech republic...4. 7 60 Croatia...4. 6 61 Brazil...4. 6 62 Greece...4. 6 63 Saudi arabia...4. 6 64 Slovak Republic...4. 6 65 Kazakhstan...4. 6 66 Armenia...4. 6 67 South africa...4. 6 68 Lao PDR...4. 6 69 Azerbaijan...4. 6 70 China...4. 5 71 Spain...4. 5 72 Ukraine...4. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 73 Ghana...4. 5 74 Madagascar...4. 5 75 Honduras...4. 5 76 Dominican republic...4. 4 77 Cambodia...4. 4 78 Kuwait...4. 4 79 Montenegro...4. 4 80 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 4 81 Malta...4. 4 82 Morocco...4. 4 83 Russian Federation...4. 4 84 Romania...4. 4 85 Hungary...4. 4 86 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 4 87 Lebanon...4. 4 88 Chile...4. 3 89 Tunisia...4. 3 90 Myanmar...4. 3 91 Barbados...4. 3 92 Uruguay...4. 3 93 Panama...4. 2 94 Mongolia...4. 2 95 Mali...4. 2 96 Cameroon...4. 2 97 Tajikistan...4. 2 98 Pakistan...4. 2 99 Paraguay...4. 1 100 Moldova...4. 1 101 Burkina faso...4. 1 102 Uganda...4. 1 103 Israel...4. 1 104 Swaziland...4. 1 105 Vietnam...4. 1 106 Bhutan...4. 1 107 Rwanda...4. 1 108 Malawi...4. 0 109 Bangladesh...4. 0 110 India...4. 0 111 Yemen...4. 0 112 Gabon...4. 0 113 Nigeria...3. 9 114 Guyana...3. 9 115 Seychelles...3. 9 116 Serbia...3. 9 117 Tanzania...3. 9 118 Jamaica...3. 8 119 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 8 120 Nepal...3. 8 121 Georgia...3. 8 122 Mozambique...3. 7 123 Sierra leone...3. 7 124 Ethiopia...3. 7 125 Algeria...3. 6 126 Suriname...3. 6 127 Zimbabwe...3. 6 128 Argentina...3. 6 129 Cape verde...3. 6 130 Bolivia...3. 5 131 Nicaragua...3. 5 132 Botswana...3. 5 133 Lesotho...3. 5 134 Namibia...3. 5 135 Timor-Leste...3. 4 136 Guinea...3. 4 137 Libya...3. 4 138 Trinidad and tobago...3. 3 139 Burundi...3. 3 140 Venezuela...3. 2 141 Haiti...2. 9 142 Mauritania...2. 8 143 Chad...2. 8 144 Angola...2. 4 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation In your country, how well do companies treat customers? 1=indifferent to customer satisfaction; 7=highly responsive to customers and seek customer retention 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 480 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 1 Japan...5. 3 2 Qatar...5. 2 3 Switzerland...5. 0 4 Malaysia...4. 9 5 Luxembourg...4. 7 6 Finland...4. 6 7 Hong kong SAR...4. 6 8 United kingdom...4. 6 9 United arab emirates...4. 5 10 United states...4. 5 11 Singapore...4. 5 12 Sweden...4. 5 13 New zealand...4. 5 14 Taiwan, China...4. 3 15 Germany...4. 3 16 Canada...4. 3 17 Netherlands...4. 3 18 China...4. 3 19 Norway...4. 3 20 Belgium...4. 3 21 Ireland...4. 2 22 Sri lanka...4. 1 23 Thailand...4. 1 24 Korea, Rep...4. 1 25 Bahrain...4. 0 26 Puerto rico...4. 0 27 Austria...4. 0 28 Kazakhstan...4. 0 29 Chile...4. 0 30 Azerbaijan...4. 0 31 South africa...4. 0 32 France...3. 9 33 Malta...3. 9 34 El salvador...3. 9 35 Indonesia...3. 9 36 Mauritius...3. 8 37 Cyprus...3. 8 38 India...3. 8 39 Panama...3. 8 40 Peru...3. 8 41 Iceland...3. 8 42 Israel...3. 8 43 Italy...3. 8 44 Russian Federation...3. 7 45 Lao PDR...3. 7 46 Philippines...3. 7 47 Denmark...3. 7 48 Australia...3. 7 49 Costa rica...3. 7 50 Tajikistan...3. 6 51 Bolivia...3. 6 52 Saudi arabia...3. 6 53 Jordan...3. 6 54 Uruguay...3. 6 55 Lesotho...3. 6 56 Guatemala...3. 6 57 Seychelles...3. 6 58 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 5 59 Oman...3. 5 60 Brazil...3. 5 61 Rwanda...3. 5 62 Bangladesh...3. 5 63 Mexico...3. 5 64 Portugal...3. 5 65 Jamaica...3. 5 66 Cambodia...3. 5 67 Turkey...3. 5 68 Spain...3. 4 69 Ghana...3. 4 70 Barbados...3. 4 71 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 4 72 Kuwait...3. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 73 Ukraine...3. 4 74 Zambia...3. 4 75 Trinidad and tobago...3. 4 76 Czech republic...3. 4 77 Armenia...3. 4 78 Swaziland...3. 4 79 Colombia...3. 3 80 Pakistan...3. 3 81 Namibia...3. 3 82 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 83 Argentina...3. 3 84 Greece...3. 3 85 Vietnam...3. 3 86 Guyana...3. 3 87 Lebanon...3. 3 88 Nigeria...3. 3 89 Kenya...3. 2 90 Honduras...3. 2 91 Tunisia...3. 2 92 Senegal...3. 2 93 Poland...3. 2 94 Lithuania...3. 2 95 Nepal...3. 2 96 Georgia...3. 1 97 Latvia...3. 1 98 Dominican republic...3. 1 99 Gambia, The...3. 1 100 Morocco...3. 1 101 Tanzania...3. 1 102 Algeria...3. 0 103 Moldova...3. 0 104 Suriname...3. 0 105 Albania...3. 0 106 Mongolia...3. 0 107 Romania...3. 0 108 Estonia...3. 0 109 Nicaragua...3. 0 110 Cape verde...2. 9 111 Bulgaria...2. 9 112 Botswana...2. 9 113 Montenegro...2. 9 114 Mali...2. 9 115 Zimbabwe...2. 9 116 Slovenia...2. 9 117 Malawi...2. 9 118 Macedonia, FYR...2. 8 119 Gabon...2. 8 120 Paraguay...2. 8 121 Venezuela...2. 8 122 Bhutan...2. 8 123 Cameroon...2. 8 124 Hungary...2. 7 125 Ethiopia...2. 7 126 Slovak Republic...2. 7 127 Myanmar...2. 7 128 Croatia...2. 7 129 Mozambique...2. 7 130 Sierra leone...2. 6 131 Egypt...2. 6 132 Timor-Leste...2. 5 133 Madagascar...2. 5 134 Haiti...2. 5 135 Mauritania...2. 5 136 Uganda...2. 4 137 Serbia...2. 4 138 Angola...2. 3 139 Libya...2. 3 140 Yemen...2. 2 141 Burundi...2. 2 142 Chad...2. 0 143 Guinea...1. 9 144 Burkina faso...1. 9 6. 16 Buyer sophistication In your country, how do buyers make purchasing decisions? 1=based solely on the lowest price; 7=based on a sophisticated analysis of performance attributes 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 481  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 7 Labor market efficiency Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 1 Switzerland...6. 2 2 Singapore...6. 1 3 Denmark...6. 0 4 Norway...5. 8 5 Qatar...5. 7 6 Japan...5. 6 7 Netherlands...5. 5 8 New zealand...5. 5 9 Hong kong SAR...5. 5 10 United arab emirates...5. 5 11 Iceland...5. 4 12 Austria...5. 4 13 Costa rica...5. 4 14 Malaysia...5. 4 15 Luxembourg...5. 4 16 Ireland...5. 4 17 Sweden...5. 4 18 Guatemala...5. 2 19 Germany...5. 2 20 Bahrain...5. 1 21 Lao PDR...5. 1 22 United kingdom...5. 1 23 Taiwan, China...5. 1 24 Rwanda...5. 0 25 Oman...5. 0 26 Canada...5. 0 27 Finland...5. 0 28 Estonia...4. 9 29 Philippines...4. 9 30 Puerto rico...4. 9 31 Mauritius...4. 9 32 Thailand...4. 9 33 Barbados...4. 9 34 Malta...4. 8 35 Latvia...4. 8 36 Cyprus...4. 8 37 Albania...4. 7 38 Gambia, The...4. 7 39 Sri lanka...4. 7 40 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 7 41 Honduras...4. 7 42 Armenia...4. 7 43 United states...4. 7 44 Jordan...4. 6 45 Mexico...4. 6 46 Indonesia...4. 6 47 Colombia...4. 6 48 Chile...4. 6 49 Kazakhstan...4. 5 50 Saudi arabia...4. 5 51 Panama...4. 5 52 Czech republic...4. 5 53 Mali...4. 5 54 Tajikistan...4. 5 55 Dominican republic...4. 5 56 Kuwait...4. 5 57 Senegal...4. 4 58 China...4. 4 59 Paraguay...4. 4 60 Zambia...4. 4 61 Nigeria...4. 4 62 Bhutan...4. 3 63 Macedonia, FYR...4. 3 64 Peru...4. 3 65 Portugal...4. 3 66 Azerbaijan...4. 3 67 Nicaragua...4. 3 68 Malawi...4. 3 69 Botswana...4. 3 70 Kenya...4. 3 71 Hungary...4. 3 72 Swaziland...4. 3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 73 Guyana...4. 3 74 Cambodia...4. 2 75 Jamaica...4. 2 76 Israel...4. 2 77 Madagascar...4. 2 78 Belgium...4. 2 79 Vietnam...4. 2 80 Georgia...4. 2 81 El salvador...4. 2 82 Lebanon...4. 2 83 Morocco...4. 2 84 Sierra leone...4. 1 85 Ghana...4. 1 86 Moldova...4. 1 87 Lithuania...4. 1 88 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 1 89 Russian Federation...4. 1 90 India...4. 1 91 Uganda...4. 1 92 Mongolia...4. 1 93 Spain...4. 1 94 Burkina faso...4. 1 95 Egypt...4. 0 96 Turkey...4. 0 97 Ethiopia...4. 0 98 Yemen...4. 0 99 Seychelles...4. 0 100 Poland...4. 0 101 Namibia...4. 0 102 Lesotho...4. 0 103 Libya...4. 0 104 Bangladesh...4. 0 105 Slovak Republic...4. 0 106 Montenegro...4. 0 107 Pakistan...3. 9 108 Greece...3. 9 109 Australia...3. 9 110 Timor-Leste...3. 9 111 Bulgaria...3. 9 112 Zimbabwe...3. 9 113 Gabon...3. 9 114 Cape verde...3. 9 115 Myanmar...3. 8 116 Haiti...3. 8 117 Tanzania...3. 8 118 Tunisia...3. 8 119 Ukraine...3. 8 120 Bolivia...3. 7 121 Slovenia...3. 7 122 Suriname...3. 7 123 Brazil...3. 7 124 Guinea...3. 7 125 Romania...3. 7 126 Croatia...3. 7 127 Chad...3. 6 128 Cameroon...3. 6 129 France...3. 6 130 Algeria...3. 6 131 Mozambique...3. 6 132 Korea, Rep...3. 6 133 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 134 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 5 135 Argentina...3. 5 136 Mauritania...3. 4 137 Italy...3. 4 138 Burundi...3. 4 139 Uruguay...3. 4 140 Serbia...3. 3 141 Nepal...3. 2 142 Angola...3. 2 143 Venezuela...2. 9 144 South africa...2. 5 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations In your country, how would you characterize labor-employer relations? 1=generally confrontational; 7=generally cooperative 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 484 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 9 7 1 Estonia...6. 2 2 Uganda...6. 2 3 United arab emirates...6. 1 4 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 5 Qatar...6. 0 6 Latvia...6. 0 7 Singapore...6. 0 8 Lithuania...6. 0 9 Japan...5. 9 10 United kingdom...5. 8 11 Yemen...5. 8 12 Bahrain...5. 8 13 Saudi arabia...5. 8 14 New zealand...5. 8 15 Switzerland...5. 7 16 Kyrgyz Republic...5. 7 17 Mongolia...5. 7 18 Macedonia, FYR...5. 7 19 Puerto rico...5. 7 20 Kazakhstan...5. 7 21 Guatemala...5. 7 22 Lao PDR...5. 7 23 Gambia, The...5. 7 24 United states...5. 6 25 Chile...5. 6 26 Georgia...5. 6 27 Oman...5. 6 28 Russian Federation...5. 6 29 Poland...5. 6 30 Moldova...5. 5 31 Taiwan, China...5. 5 32 Paraguay...5. 5 33 Malaysia...5. 5 34 Croatia...5. 5 35 Nigeria...5. 5 36 Myanmar...5. 5 37 Morocco...5. 4 38 Jamaica...5. 4 39 Peru...5. 4 40 Azerbaijan...5. 4 41 Sri lanka...5. 4 42 Botswana...5. 4 43 Czech republic...5. 4 44 Bulgaria...5. 4 45 Serbia...5. 4 46 Canada...5. 4 47 Guinea...5. 3 48 Malawi...5. 3 49 Turkey...5. 3 50 Burkina faso...5. 3 51 Lebanon...5. 3 52 Malta...5. 3 53 Colombia...5. 3 54 Rwanda...5. 3 55 Dominican republic...5. 2 56 Kuwait...5. 2 57 Madagascar...5. 2 58 Korea, Rep...5. 2 59 Bhutan...5. 2 60 Vietnam...5. 1 61 Burundi...5. 1 62 Haiti...5. 1 63 Zambia...5. 1 64 Hungary...5. 1 65 Armenia...5. 1 66 Chad...5. 1 67 Egypt...5. 1 68 Romania...5. 0 69 Kenya...5. 0 70 Guyana...5. 0 71 Sierra leone...5. 0 72 Suriname...5. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 9 7 73 Jordan...5. 0 74 Ethiopia...5. 0 75 Montenegro...5. 0 76 Costa rica...5. 0 77 Ukraine...4. 9 78 Israel...4. 9 79 Ireland...4. 9 80 Cape verde...4. 9 81 Barbados...4. 9 82 Libya...4. 9 83 Seychelles...4. 9 84 China...4. 8 85 Bangladesh...4. 8 86 Philippines...4. 8 87 France...4. 8 88 Mexico...4. 8 89 Tajikistan...4. 8 90 Nicaragua...4. 8 91 Namibia...4. 8 92 Cambodia...4. 8 93 Portugal...4. 7 94 Mali...4. 7 95 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 7 96 Luxembourg...4. 7 97 Honduras...4. 7 98 Cameroon...4. 7 99 Mauritius...4. 7 100 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 101 Mauritania...4. 6 102 Slovak Republic...4. 6 103 Pakistan...4. 6 104 Algeria...4. 6 105 Tanzania...4. 6 106 Panama...4. 6 107 Denmark...4. 5 108 Cyprus...4. 5 109 Swaziland...4. 5 110 Timor-Leste...4. 5 111 Gabon...4. 5 112 Senegal...4. 5 113 India...4. 4 114 Indonesia...4. 4 115 Nepal...4. 4 116 Thailand...4. 3 117 Spain...4. 2 118 Greece...4. 2 119 Tunisia...4. 2 120 Iceland...4. 1 121 Albania...4. 1 122 Angola...4. 1 123 Lesotho...4. 0 124 Bolivia...4. 0 125 Brazil...4. 0 126 El salvador...3. 9 127 Slovenia...3. 9 128 Mozambique...3. 9 129 Belgium...3. 8 130 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 8 131 Venezuela...3. 7 132 Australia...3. 7 133 Norway...3. 7 134 Sweden...3. 6 135 Netherlands...3. 5 136 Germany...3. 4 137 Ghana...3. 3 138 Italy...3. 0 139 South africa...2. 7 140 Argentina...2. 6 141 Zimbabwe...2. 6 142 Austria...2. 5 143 Finland...2. 4 144 Uruguay...2. 4 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination In your country, how are wages generally set? 1=by a centralized bargaining process; 7=by each individual company 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 485  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Hong kong SAR...5. 7 2 Switzerland...5. 7 3 Singapore...5. 4 4 Iceland...5. 3 5 Qatar...5. 3 6 Denmark...5. 3 7 Nigeria...5. 2 8 United arab emirates...5. 1 9 Malaysia...4. 9 10 Uganda...4. 9 11 United states...4. 9 12 Estonia...4. 8 13 Cambodia...4. 8 14 Georgia...4. 7 15 China...4. 6 16 Zambia...4. 5 17 Kenya...4. 5 18 Armenia...4. 5 19 Sierra leone...4. 5 20 United kingdom...4. 5 21 Taiwan, China...4. 4 22 Kazakhstan...4. 4 23 Thailand...4. 4 24 Guatemala...4. 4 25 Azerbaijan...4. 4 26 Canada...4. 4 27 Macedonia, FYR...4. 4 28 Bangladesh...4. 4 29 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 4 30 Bahrain...4. 3 31 Rwanda...4. 3 32 Indonesia...4. 3 33 Costa rica...4. 3 34 Guyana...4. 3 35 Mali...4. 3 36 Madagascar...4. 2 37 Gambia, The...4. 2 38 Cameroon...4. 2 39 Cyprus...4. 2 40 Ireland...4. 2 41 Russian Federation...4. 2 42 Mauritius...4. 2 43 Hungary...4. 2 44 Israel...4. 2 45 Tajikistan...4. 1 46 Lao PDR...4. 1 47 India...4. 1 48 Nicaragua...4. 1 49 Pakistan...4. 1 50 Latvia...4. 1 51 Myanmar...4. 1 52 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 1 53 Burkina faso...4. 1 54 Saudi arabia...4. 1 55 Jamaica...4. 1 56 Senegal...4. 1 57 Romania...4. 1 58 New zealand...4. 1 59 Haiti...4. 0 60 Jordan...4. 0 61 Dominican republic...4. 0 62 Montenegro...4. 0 63 Bhutan...3. 9 64 Ukraine...3. 9 65 Vietnam...3. 9 66 Chile...3. 9 67 Turkey...3. 9 68 Albania...3. 9 69 Egypt...3. 9 70 Lebanon...3. 9 71 Mongolia...3. 9 72 Ghana...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Tanzania...3. 9 74 Honduras...3. 9 75 Kuwait...3. 9 76 Lesotho...3. 9 77 Yemen...3. 8 78 Ethiopia...3. 8 79 Colombia...3. 8 80 El salvador...3. 8 81 Swaziland...3. 8 82 Botswana...3. 8 83 Trinidad and tobago...3. 7 84 Malta...3. 7 85 Panama...3. 7 86 Morocco...3. 7 87 Luxembourg...3. 7 88 Seychelles...3. 6 89 Barbados...3. 6 90 Malawi...3. 6 91 Oman...3. 6 92 Greece...3. 6 93 Moldova...3. 6 94 Puerto rico...3. 6 95 Libya...3. 6 96 Bulgaria...3. 6 97 Tunisia...3. 5 98 Bolivia...3. 5 99 Finland...3. 5 100 Sweden...3. 5 101 Austria...3. 5 102 Mozambique...3. 4 103 Mexico...3. 4 104 Philippines...3. 4 105 Guinea...3. 4 106 Korea, Rep...3. 4 107 Timor-Leste...3. 4 108 Gabon...3. 4 109 Germany...3. 4 110 Paraguay...3. 4 111 Cape verde...3. 4 112 Poland...3. 4 113 Portugal...3. 3 114 Chad...3. 3 115 Serbia...3. 3 116 Spain...3. 3 117 Mauritania...3. 3 118 Burundi...3. 3 119 Nepal...3. 2 120 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 121 Czech republic...3. 2 122 Algeria...3. 1 123 Netherlands...3. 1 124 Sri lanka...3. 0 125 Lithuania...3. 0 126 Suriname...3. 0 127 Uruguay...2. 9 128 Namibia...2. 9 129 Croatia...2. 9 130 Peru...2. 9 131 Slovak Republic...2. 9 132 Norway...2. 8 133 Japan...2. 8 134 France...2. 7 135 Brazil...2. 7 136 Australia...2. 7 137 Angola...2. 6 138 Argentina...2. 6 139 Belgium...2. 6 140 Slovenia...2. 4 141 Italy...2. 4 142 Zimbabwe...2. 2 143 South africa...2. 1 144 Venezuela...1. 4 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices In your country, how would you characterize the hiring and firing of workers? 1=heavily impeded by regulations; 7=extremely flexible 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 486 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Denmark...0. 0 1 New zealand...0. 0 1 Puerto rico...0. 0 1 United states...0. 0 5 Austria...2. 0 6 Singapore...3. 0 7 Romania...4. 0 8 Bahrain...4. 3 8 Japan...4. 3 8 Oman...4. 3 8 Timor-Leste...4. 3 8 United arab emirates...4. 3 13 Georgia...4. 3 13 Jordan...4. 3 15 Cyprus...5. 7 16 Hong kong SAR...5. 8 17 Kenya...6. 5 18 Italy...7. 2 19 Belgium...7. 2 20 Malta...7. 3 21 Bulgaria...7. 5 22 Serbia...7. 7 23 Guinea...7. 9 24 Bhutan...8. 3 25 United kingdom...8. 5 26 Kazakhstan...8. 7 26 Lebanon...8. 7 26 Mongolia...8. 7 26 Netherlands...8. 7 26 Norway...8. 7 26 Uganda...8. 7 32 Suriname...8. 8 33 South africa...9. 3 33 Tanzania...9. 3 35 Latvia...9. 7 35 Namibia...9. 7 37 Canada...10.0 38 Finland...10.1 38 Haiti...10.1 38 Iceland...10.1 38 Switzerland...10.1 42 Libya...10.3 43 Burkina faso...10.5 43 Mauritania...10.5 45 Mauritius...10.6 46 Slovenia...10.7 47 Armenia...11.0 48 Montenegro...11.2 49 Peru...11.4 50 Australia...11.7 51 France...11.8 52 Tunisia...12.1 53 Ireland...12.2 54 Madagascar...12.3 55 Estonia...12.9 56 Rwanda...13.0 57 Chad...13.0 57 Macedonia, FYR...13.0 57 Ukraine...13.0 60 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...13.1 61 Hungary...13.4 62 Seychelles...13.5 63 Mali...13.7 64 Senegal...13.7 65 Jamaica...14.0 66 Sweden...14.4 67 Swaziland...14.6 68 Gabon...14.8 69 Nicaragua...14.9 70 Lesotho...15.0 71 Croatia...15.1 72 Cameroon...15.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Brazil...15.4 74 Tajikistan...15.5 75 India...15.8 76 Burundi...15.9 76 Greece...15.9 78 Barbados...16.0 79 Nigeria...16.2 80 Colombia...16.7 80 Guyana...16.7 80 Malawi...16.7 83 Algeria...17.3 83 Kyrgyz Republic...17.3 83 Russian Federation...17.3 86 Spain...17.4 87 Panama...18.1 88 Costa rica...18.7 89 Poland...18.8 89 Slovak Republic...18.8 91 Ethiopia...19.1 92 Cambodia...19.4 93 Saudi arabia...19.5 94 Myanmar...20.2 95 Czech republic...20.2 96 Trinidad and tobago...20.5 97 Morocco...20.7 98 Uruguay...20.8 99 Albania...20.8 100 Germany...21.6 101 Azerbaijan...21.7 101 Luxembourg...21.7 103 Botswana...21.7 104 Mexico...22.0 105 Taiwan, China...22.6 106 Moldova...22.6 107 El salvador...22.9 108 Portugal...23.1 109 Iran, Islamic Rep...23.1 110 Qatar...23.2 111 Malaysia...23.9 112 Lithuania...24.6 112 Vietnam...24.6 114 Gambia, The...26.0 115 Paraguay...26.1 116 Dominican republic...26.2 117 Guatemala...27.0 118 Nepal...27.2 118 Pakistan...27.2 120 Chile...27.4 120 China...27.4 120 Korea, Rep...27.4 120 Yemen...27.4 124 Israel...27.4 124 Philippines...27.4 126 Kuwait...28.1 127 Cape verde...29.5 128 Turkey...29.8 129 Argentina...30.3 129 Honduras...30.3 131 Bangladesh...31.0 132 Angola...31.0 133 Thailand...36.0 134 Egypt...36.8 135 Mozambique...37.5 136 Lao PDR...47.2 137 Ghana...49.8 138 Zambia...50.6 139 Indonesia...57.8 140 Sri lanka...58.5 141 Sierra leone...78.3 142 Zimbabwe...82.3 143 Bolivia...not possible 143 Venezuela...not possible 7. 04 Redundancy costs Redundancy costs in weeks of salary 2013 SOURCES: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises; World Economic Forum†s calculations 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 487  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 1 Bahrain...6. 3 2 Qatar...6. 3 3 United arab emirates...6. 2 4 Singapore...6. 0 5 Hong kong SAR...5. 9 6 Oman...5. 8 7 Kuwait...5. 3 8 Malaysia...5. 1 9 Mauritius...5. 1 10 Luxembourg...5. 1 11 Switzerland...5. 1 12 New zealand...5. 0 13 Saudi arabia...4. 9 14 Botswana...4. 6 15 South africa...4. 5 16 Rwanda...4. 5 17 Paraguay...4. 4 18 Cyprus...4. 4 19 Macedonia, FYR...4. 4 20 Georgia...4. 4 21 Nigeria...4. 3 22 Trinidad and tobago...4. 3 23 Canada...4. 3 24 Estonia...4. 3 25 Gabon...4. 2 26 Zambia...4. 2 27 Malta...4. 2 28 Chile...4. 2 29 Norway...4. 2 30 Sweden...4. 2 31 Indonesia...4. 1 32 Lao PDR...4. 1 33 United kingdom...4. 1 34 Cambodia...4. 1 35 Panama...4. 0 36 China...4. 0 37 United states...4. 0 38 Ghana...4. 0 39 Namibia...4. 0 40 Lesotho...4. 0 41 Angola...4. 0 42 Morocco...3. 9 43 Kazakhstan...3. 9 44 Senegal...3. 9 45 India...3. 9 46 Bhutan...3. 9 47 Philippines...3. 9 48 Seychelles...3. 9 49 Taiwan, China...3. 9 50 Sri lanka...3. 9 51 Lebanon...3. 8 52 Libya...3. 8 53 Albania...3. 8 54 Sierra leone...3. 8 55 Guatemala...3. 8 56 Myanmar...3. 8 57 Guinea...3. 8 58 Barbados...3. 8 59 Timor-Leste...3. 8 60 Thailand...3. 8 61 Japan...3. 8 62 Netherlands...3. 7 63 Burkina faso...3. 7 64 Costa rica...3. 7 65 Montenegro...3. 7 66 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 7 67 Germany...3. 7 68 Mongolia...3. 6 69 Swaziland...3. 6 70 Israel...3. 6 71 Tunisia...3. 6 72 Guyana...3. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 73 Finland...3. 6 74 Uganda...3. 6 75 Kenya...3. 6 76 Bolivia...3. 6 77 Gambia, The...3. 6 78 Mozambique...3. 6 79 Bangladesh...3. 6 80 Australia...3. 5 81 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 5 82 Pakistan...3. 5 83 Suriname...3. 5 84 Cameroon...3. 5 85 Nepal...3. 5 86 Vietnam...3. 4 87 Azerbaijan...3. 4 88 Poland...3. 4 89 Cape verde...3. 4 90 Haiti...3. 4 91 Bulgaria...3. 4 92 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 4 93 Ireland...3. 4 94 Armenia...3. 4 95 Jordan...3. 3 96 Mali...3. 3 97 Algeria...3. 3 98 Turkey...3. 3 99 Iceland...3. 3 100 Malawi...3. 3 101 Zimbabwe...3. 3 102 Jamaica...3. 3 103 Latvia...3. 3 104 Peru...3. 2 105 Tanzania...3. 2 106 Ethiopia...3. 2 107 Nicaragua...3. 2 108 El salvador...3. 2 109 Tajikistan...3. 2 110 Czech republic...3. 1 111 Madagascar...3. 1 112 Puerto rico...3. 1 113 Korea, Rep...3. 1 114 Venezuela...3. 1 115 Russian Federation...3. 0 116 Mexico...3. 0 117 Egypt...3. 0 118 Dominican republic...2. 9 119 Slovak Republic...2. 9 120 Uruguay...2. 9 121 Austria...2. 9 122 Colombia...2. 9 123 Moldova...2. 9 124 Lithuania...2. 9 125 France...2. 9 126 Mauritania...2. 8 127 Yemen...2. 8 128 Hungary...2. 8 129 Honduras...2. 8 130 Spain...2. 8 131 Portugal...2. 8 132 Denmark...2. 7 133 Burundi...2. 7 134 Chad...2. 7 135 Ukraine...2. 6 136 Serbia...2. 6 137 Slovenia...2. 5 138 Greece...2. 5 139 Brazil...2. 5 140 Romania...2. 5 141 Belgium...2. 3 142 Croatia...2. 2 143 Italy...1. 9 144 Argentina...1. 9 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to work? 1=significantly reduce the incentive to work; 7=do not reduce incentive to work at all 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 488 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 1 Hong kong SAR...5. 5 2 Malaysia...5. 4 3 Qatar...5. 4 4 Singapore...5. 3 5 Switzerland...5. 3 6 United arab emirates...5. 2 7 Taiwan, China...5. 1 8 Lao PDR...5. 0 9 Estonia...4. 9 10 United states...4. 8 11 Japan...4. 8 12 Lithuania...4. 8 13 Latvia...4. 8 14 Mongolia...4. 8 15 China...4. 8 16 Kazakhstan...4. 7 17 United kingdom...4. 7 18 Macedonia, FYR...4. 7 19 Czech republic...4. 6 20 Bahrain...4. 6 21 New zealand...4. 6 22 Puerto rico...4. 6 23 Vietnam...4. 6 24 Russian Federation...4. 6 25 Saudi arabia...4. 5 26 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 5 27 Philippines...4. 5 28 Ireland...4. 5 29 Canada...4. 5 30 Indonesia...4. 5 31 Ukraine...4. 5 32 Slovak Republic...4. 4 33 Albania...4. 4 34 Azerbaijan...4. 4 35 Moldova...4. 4 36 Korea, Rep...4. 4 37 Sri lanka...4. 4 38 Tajikistan...4. 4 39 Cambodia...4. 3 40 Germany...4. 3 41 Chile...4. 3 42 Bhutan...4. 3 43 Luxembourg...4. 3 44 Jordan...4. 3 45 Gambia, The...4. 3 46 Guatemala...4. 3 47 Mauritius...4. 2 48 Armenia...4. 2 49 Iceland...4. 2 50 Thailand...4. 2 51 Nigeria...4. 2 52 Costa rica...4. 2 53 Poland...4. 1 54 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 1 55 Bulgaria...4. 1 56 Kenya...4. 1 57 Georgia...4. 1 58 Malta...4. 1 59 Cyprus...4. 0 60 Lebanon...4. 0 61 Malawi...4. 0 62 Denmark...4. 0 63 Ghana...4. 0 64 Hungary...4. 0 65 Morocco...4. 0 66 Romania...4. 0 67 Nicaragua...4. 0 68 Rwanda...4. 0 69 India...4. 0 70 Oman...3. 9 71 Madagascar...3. 9 72 Austria...3. 9 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 73 Finland...3. 9 74 Montenegro...3. 9 75 Peru...3. 9 76 Israel...3. 9 77 France...3. 9 78 Croatia...3. 9 79 Myanmar...3. 9 80 Honduras...3. 8 81 Turkey...3. 8 82 Botswana...3. 8 83 Dominican republic...3. 8 84 Lesotho...3. 8 85 Guyana...3. 8 86 Pakistan...3. 8 87 Mexico...3. 8 88 Sweden...3. 8 89 Bolivia...3. 8 90 Senegal...3. 8 91 Timor-Leste...3. 7 92 Norway...3. 7 93 Swaziland...3. 7 94 Netherlands...3. 7 95 Colombia...3. 7 96 Zambia...3. 6 97 Tunisia...3. 6 98 Yemen...3. 6 99 Ethiopia...3. 6 100 Belgium...3. 6 101 Panama...3. 5 102 Seychelles...3. 5 103 Bangladesh...3. 5 104 Kuwait...3. 5 105 Sierra leone...3. 5 106 Mali...3. 5 107 Namibia...3. 5 108 Slovenia...3. 5 109 Paraguay...3. 5 110 El salvador...3. 5 111 Barbados...3. 5 112 Gabon...3. 4 113 Portugal...3. 4 114 Cameroon...3. 4 115 Jamaica...3. 4 116 Serbia...3. 4 117 Brazil...3. 3 118 Cape verde...3. 3 119 Haiti...3. 3 120 Suriname...3. 3 121 Greece...3. 3 122 Tanzania...3. 3 123 Algeria...3. 3 124 Trinidad and tobago...3. 3 125 Australia...3. 2 126 Uganda...3. 2 127 Spain...3. 2 128 Nepal...3. 1 129 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 1 130 Burkina faso...3. 1 131 Egypt...3. 0 132 Libya...3. 0 133 Mozambique...2. 9 134 Guinea...2. 8 135 Chad...2. 8 136 South africa...2. 7 137 Burundi...2. 6 138 Venezuela...2. 6 139 Italy...2. 6 140 Mauritania...2. 5 141 Angola...2. 5 142 Argentina...2. 5 143 Zimbabwe...2. 3 144 Uruguay...2. 3 7. 06 Pay and productivity In your country, to what extent is pay related to worker productivity? 1=not related to worker productivity; 7=strongly related to worker productivity 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 489  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 New zealand...6. 5 2 Norway...6. 2 3 Finland...6. 2 4 Netherlands...6. 1 5 Denmark...6. 0 6 Singapore...6. 0 7 Switzerland...5. 9 8 Canada...5. 9 9 Sweden...5. 9 10 United kingdom...5. 8 11 Belgium...5. 7 12 United states...5. 7 13 Australia...5. 6 14 Ireland...5. 6 15 Malaysia...5. 6 16 Qatar...5. 6 17 Luxembourg...5. 5 18 Japan...5. 5 19 Germany...5. 5 20 United arab emirates...5. 5 21 South africa...5. 5 22 Estonia...5. 4 23 Puerto rico...5. 3 24 Taiwan, China...5. 3 25 Iceland...5. 3 26 Austria...5. 3 27 Hong kong SAR...5. 2 28 Indonesia...5. 0 29 Philippines...5. 0 30 Gambia, The...4. 9 31 Oman...4. 9 32 Sri lanka...4. 8 33 Latvia...4. 8 34 Kenya...4. 8 35 Rwanda...4. 8 36 Botswana...4. 8 37 Barbados...4. 8 38 Zambia...4. 7 39 Chile...4. 7 40 Malawi...4. 7 41 Zimbabwe...4. 7 42 Costa rica...4. 7 43 China...4. 6 44 Brazil...4. 6 45 Saudi arabia...4. 6 46 Jamaica...4. 5 47 Czech republic...4. 5 48 France...4. 5 49 Korea, Rep...4. 5 50 Lithuania...4. 5 51 Thailand...4. 5 52 Nigeria...4. 5 53 Bahrain...4. 5 54 Peru...4. 5 55 Mauritius...4. 4 56 Seychelles...4. 4 57 Colombia...4. 4 58 Ghana...4. 4 59 Spain...4. 3 60 Guatemala...4. 3 61 Trinidad and tobago...4. 3 62 Swaziland...4. 3 63 Turkey...4. 3 64 Morocco...4. 3 65 Lao PDR...4. 3 66 Bhutan...4. 3 67 Venezuela...4. 3 68 Argentina...4. 2 69 Namibia...4. 2 70 Sierra leone...4. 2 71 Poland...4. 2 72 Jordan...4. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Portugal...4. 2 74 Slovak Republic...4. 2 75 Kazakhstan...4. 2 76 Israel...4. 2 77 India...4. 2 78 Georgia...4. 1 79 Mexico...4. 1 80 Honduras...4. 1 81 Senegal...4. 1 82 Uruguay...4. 0 83 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 0 84 Malta...4. 0 85 Russian Federation...4. 0 86 Cyprus...3. 9 87 Pakistan...3. 9 88 Uganda...3. 9 89 Cambodia...3. 9 90 El salvador...3. 9 91 Madagascar...3. 9 92 Slovenia...3. 8 93 Albania...3. 8 94 Tunisia...3. 8 95 Armenia...3. 8 96 Azerbaijan...3. 8 97 Bolivia...3. 8 98 Greece...3. 8 99 Croatia...3. 8 100 Panama...3. 8 101 Montenegro...3. 8 102 Gabon...3. 8 103 Dominican republic...3. 7 104 Suriname...3. 7 105 Mongolia...3. 7 106 Tanzania...3. 7 107 Macedonia, FYR...3. 7 108 Guyana...3. 6 109 Cameroon...3. 6 110 Bangladesh...3. 6 111 Moldova...3. 6 112 Kuwait...3. 6 113 Bulgaria...3. 6 114 Hungary...3. 5 115 Ukraine...3. 5 116 Tajikistan...3. 5 117 Vietnam...3. 5 118 Nepal...3. 4 119 Lesotho...3. 4 120 Mozambique...3. 4 121 Cape verde...3. 4 122 Italy...3. 4 123 Nicaragua...3. 4 124 Ethiopia...3. 4 125 Lebanon...3. 3 126 Romania...3. 3 127 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 3 128 Serbia...3. 2 129 Paraguay...3. 2 130 Timor-Leste...3. 2 131 Haiti...3. 2 132 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 1 133 Yemen...3. 1 134 Egypt...3. 1 135 Mali...2. 9 136 Burkina faso...2. 9 137 Myanmar...2. 9 138 Guinea...2. 8 139 Burundi...2. 8 140 Libya...2. 7 141 Algeria...2. 6 142 Angola...2. 2 143 Chad...2. 1 144 Mauritania...2. 0 7. 07 Reliance on professional management In your country, who holds senior management positions? 1=usually relatives or friends without regard to merit; 7=mostly professional managers chosen for merit and qualifications 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 490 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 1 Switzerland...5. 8 2 Qatar...5. 8 3 United states...5. 7 4 Finland...5. 6 5 Norway...5. 6 6 United arab emirates...5. 5 7 Hong kong SAR...5. 3 8 Singapore...5. 2 9 Malaysia...5. 1 10 Germany...5. 1 11 United kingdom...5. 0 12 Luxembourg...5. 0 13 Netherlands...4. 8 14 Canada...4. 8 15 Chile...4. 8 16 Costa rica...4. 8 17 Sweden...4. 8 18 Bahrain...4. 7 19 Panama...4. 6 20 Belgium...4. 5 21 Oman...4. 5 22 Saudi arabia...4. 4 23 Korea, Rep...4. 4 24 Japan...4. 4 25 Austria...4. 4 26 Iceland...4. 4 27 Rwanda...4. 3 28 Australia...4. 2 29 Barbados...4. 2 30 Ireland...4. 2 31 China...4. 2 32 Indonesia...4. 2 33 Thailand...4. 1 34 Lao PDR...4. 1 35 Guatemala...4. 1 36 Bhutan...4. 1 37 Malta...4. 1 38 Cyprus...4. 0 39 Guyana...4. 0 40 Denmark...3. 9 41 Peru...3. 9 42 India...3. 9 43 Jordan...3. 9 44 Brazil...3. 9 45 Morocco...3. 8 46 Taiwan, China...3. 8 47 Kenya...3. 8 48 Bolivia...3. 8 49 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 8 50 South africa...3. 7 51 Cambodia...3. 7 52 New zealand...3. 7 53 Angola...3. 7 54 Cape verde...3. 7 55 Israel...3. 6 56 France...3. 6 57 Ghana...3. 6 58 Timor-Leste...3. 6 59 Botswana...3. 5 60 Philippines...3. 5 61 Azerbaijan...3. 5 62 Tajikistan...3. 5 63 Mexico...3. 5 64 El salvador...3. 5 65 Mali...3. 4 66 Gabon...3. 4 67 Zambia...3. 4 68 Lesotho...3. 4 69 Kuwait...3. 4 70 Gambia, The...3. 4 71 Kazakhstan...3. 4 72 Namibia...3. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 73 Mozambique...3. 4 74 Colombia...3. 4 75 Trinidad and tobago...3. 4 76 Honduras...3. 4 77 Senegal...3. 4 78 Malawi...3. 3 79 Argentina...3. 3 80 Czech republic...3. 3 81 Montenegro...3. 3 82 Dominican republic...3. 3 83 Uruguay...3. 3 84 Vietnam...3. 2 85 Mauritius...3. 2 86 Turkey...3. 2 87 Pakistan...3. 2 88 Ethiopia...3. 1 89 Nicaragua...3. 1 90 Seychelles...3. 1 91 Portugal...3. 1 92 Nigeria...3. 1 93 Albania...3. 1 94 Latvia...3. 1 95 Tunisia...3. 0 96 Greece...3. 0 97 Estonia...3. 0 98 Tanzania...3. 0 99 Burkina faso...3. 0 100 Paraguay...3. 0 101 Georgia...3. 0 102 Cameroon...3. 0 103 Russian Federation...2. 9 104 Madagascar...2. 9 105 Jamaica...2. 9 106 Puerto rico...2. 9 107 Spain...2. 9 108 Sri lanka...2. 9 109 Slovenia...2. 9 110 Egypt...2. 9 111 Mongolia...2. 8 112 Suriname...2. 8 113 Uganda...2. 8 114 Swaziland...2. 8 115 Bangladesh...2. 7 116 Nepal...2. 7 117 Poland...2. 7 118 Libya...2. 7 119 Lithuania...2. 7 120 Zimbabwe...2. 7 121 Italy...2. 6 122 Hungary...2. 6 123 Armenia...2. 6 124 Sierra leone...2. 5 125 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 5 126 Guinea...2. 5 127 Macedonia, FYR...2. 5 128 Romania...2. 5 129 Chad...2. 4 130 Slovak Republic...2. 4 131 Mauritania...2. 3 132 Ukraine...2. 3 133 Algeria...2. 3 134 Lebanon...2. 3 135 Haiti...2. 2 136 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 2 137 Croatia...2. 1 138 Burundi...2. 0 139 Yemen...1. 9 140 Moldova...1. 9 141 Serbia...1. 8 142 Bulgaria...1. 8 143 Venezuela...1. 8 144 Myanmar...1. 7 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent Does your country retain talented people? 1=the best and brightest leave to pursue opportunities in other countries; 7=the best and brightest stay and pursue opportunities in the country 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 491  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 1 Switzerland...6. 1 2 Singapore...6. 0 3 United arab emirates...5. 9 4 Qatar...5. 9 5 United kingdom...5. 9 6 United states...5. 8 7 Hong kong SAR...5. 6 8 Luxembourg...5. 5 9 Canada...5. 2 10 Ireland...5. 1 11 Bahrain...5. 1 12 Malaysia...5. 0 13 Panama...4. 9 14 Norway...4. 8 15 Netherlands...4. 8 16 Australia...4. 8 17 Saudi arabia...4. 7 18 Germany...4. 7 19 New zealand...4. 6 20 Rwanda...4. 6 21 Barbados...4. 5 22 Oman...4. 4 23 Chile...4. 3 24 Malta...4. 3 25 Indonesia...4. 3 26 Sweden...4. 3 27 China...4. 2 28 Korea, Rep...4. 2 29 Austria...4. 1 30 Guyana...4. 0 31 Seychelles...4. 0 32 Belgium...4. 0 33 Costa rica...4. 0 34 Azerbaijan...4. 0 35 Jordan...4. 0 36 Thailand...3. 9 37 Kazakhstan...3. 9 38 Mauritius...3. 9 39 South africa...3. 9 40 Morocco...3. 9 41 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 42 Gambia, The...3. 9 43 Zambia...3. 9 44 France...3. 8 45 Peru...3. 8 46 India...3. 8 47 Nigeria...3. 8 48 Trinidad and tobago...3. 8 49 Denmark...3. 8 50 Angola...3. 8 51 Botswana...3. 7 52 Finland...3. 7 53 Kuwait...3. 7 54 Senegal...3. 7 55 Kenya...3. 7 56 Cambodia...3. 6 57 Gabon...3. 6 58 Mozambique...3. 6 59 Bhutan...3. 6 60 Timor-Leste...3. 6 61 Brazil...3. 6 62 Cape verde...3. 6 63 Lesotho...3. 6 64 Malawi...3. 5 65 Taiwan, China...3. 5 66 Cyprus...3. 5 67 El salvador...3. 5 68 Tajikistan...3. 5 69 Ghana...3. 4 70 Iceland...3. 4 71 Namibia...3. 4 72 Portugal...3. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 73 Lao PDR...3. 4 74 Vietnam...3. 4 75 Bolivia...3. 4 76 Dominican republic...3. 3 77 Suriname...3. 3 78 Mali...3. 3 79 Japan...3. 3 80 Mexico...3. 3 81 Puerto rico...3. 3 82 Philippines...3. 3 83 Israel...3. 3 84 Tanzania...3. 3 85 Guatemala...3. 3 86 Sierra leone...3. 3 87 Swaziland...3. 2 88 Jamaica...3. 2 89 Colombia...3. 1 90 Honduras...3. 1 91 Nicaragua...3. 1 92 Russian Federation...3. 1 93 Czech republic...3. 1 94 Estonia...3. 1 95 Uganda...3. 0 96 Madagascar...3. 0 97 Montenegro...2. 9 98 Albania...2. 9 99 Chad...2. 9 100 Turkey...2. 9 101 Cameroon...2. 9 102 Zimbabwe...2. 8 103 Spain...2. 8 104 Tunisia...2. 8 105 Ethiopia...2. 8 106 Uruguay...2. 7 107 Latvia...2. 7 108 Egypt...2. 7 109 Haiti...2. 7 110 Pakistan...2. 7 111 Paraguay...2. 7 112 Guinea...2. 7 113 Myanmar...2. 7 114 Mongolia...2. 7 115 Romania...2. 6 116 Georgia...2. 6 117 Slovak Republic...2. 6 118 Hungary...2. 6 119 Armenia...2. 5 120 Slovenia...2. 5 121 Argentina...2. 5 122 Sri lanka...2. 5 123 Mauritania...2. 5 124 Poland...2. 5 125 Burkina faso...2. 4 126 Bangladesh...2. 4 127 Greece...2. 3 128 Italy...2. 3 129 Lithuania...2. 3 130 Ukraine...2. 3 131 Nepal...2. 3 132 Libya...2. 3 133 Algeria...2. 3 134 Macedonia, FYR...2. 2 135 Lebanon...2. 2 136 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 1 137 Yemen...2. 0 138 Burundi...1. 9 139 Moldova...1. 8 140 Iran, Islamic Rep...1. 8 141 Croatia...1. 8 142 Bulgaria...1. 8 143 Serbia...1. 6 144 Venezuela...1. 4 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent Does your country attract talented people from abroad? 1=not at all; 7=attracts the best and brightest from around the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 492 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Malawi...1. 05 2 Mozambique...1. 04 3 Rwanda...1. 02 4 Burundi...1. 02 5 Lao PDR...0. 99 6 Tanzania...0. 99 7 Sierra leone...0. 97 8 Madagascar...0. 97 9 Uganda...0. 96 10 Ghana...0. 96 11 Iceland...0. 95 12 Finland...0. 95 13 Lithuania...0. 95 14 Sweden...0. 94 15 Norway...0. 94 16 Zimbabwe...0. 93 17 Nepal...0. 93 18 Cambodia...0. 93 19 Myanmar...0. 93 20 Azerbaijan...0. 93 21 Latvia...0. 93 22 Denmark...0. 93 23 Vietnam...0. 92 24 Estonia...0. 91 25 Kazakhstan...0. 91 26 Canada...0. 91 27 Moldova...0. 91 28 Botswana...0. 91 29 Seychelles...0. 91 30 Slovenia...0. 90 31 Barbados...0. 90 32 Portugal...0. 90 33 Ethiopia...0. 90 34 Bulgaria...0. 89 35 France...0. 88 36 Israel...0. 88 37 Netherlands...0. 88 38 Gambia, The...0. 88 39 Burkina faso...0. 88 40 Haiti...0. 87 41 Russian Federation...0. 87 42 New zealand...0. 87 43 Switzerland...0. 87 44 Bhutan...0. 87 45 Germany...0. 87 46 Namibia...0. 87 47 Austria...0. 87 48 Kenya...0. 86 49 United states...0. 86 50 Gabon...0. 86 51 United kingdom...0. 85 52 Ukraine...0. 85 53 Zambia...0. 85 54 Australia...0. 85 55 Cameroon...0. 85 56 Belgium...0. 85 57 Spain...0. 85 58 Guinea...0. 84 59 Croatia...0. 84 60 China...0. 84 61 Cyprus...0. 83 62 Mongolia...0. 83 63 Hungary...0. 83 64 Jamaica...0. 83 65 Luxembourg...0. 83 66 Angola...0. 83 67 Thailand...0. 83 68 Chad...0. 82 69 Poland...0. 82 70 Ireland...0. 81 71 Lesotho...0. 81 72 Bolivia...0. 80 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Slovak Republic...0. 80 74 Czech republic...0. 80 75 Peru...0. 80 76 Singapore...0. 79 77 Montenegro...0. 79 78 Uruguay...0. 78 79 Romania...0. 78 80 Tajikistan...0. 77 81 Serbia...0. 77 82 Georgia...0. 77 83 Hong kong SAR...0. 77 84 South africa...0. 77 85 Nigeria...0. 76 86 Brazil...0. 76 87 Greece...0. 76 88 Japan...0. 75 89 Taiwan, China...0. 75 90 Senegal...0. 75 91 Korea, Rep...0. 72 92 Trinidad and tobago...0. 72 93 Italy...0. 72 94 Kyrgyz Republic...0. 72 95 Colombia...0. 72 96 Armenia...0. 72 97 Albania...0. 70 98 Bangladesh...0. 70 99 Chile...0. 69 100 Puerto rico...0. 69 101 Argentina...0. 67 102 Dominican republic...0. 67 103 Paraguay...0. 66 104 Macedonia, FYR...0. 66 105 Venezuela...0. 66 106 Philippines...0. 65 107 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...0. 65 108 Cape verde...0. 64 109 Mali...0. 63 110 Swaziland...0. 62 111 El salvador...0. 62 112 Indonesia...0. 62 113 Panama...0. 62 114 Suriname...0. 61 115 Mauritius...0. 61 116 Malta...0. 61 117 Costa rica...0. 60 118 Nicaragua...0. 60 119 Malaysia...0. 59 120 Mexico...0. 58 121 Guatemala...0. 57 122 Qatar...0. 54 123 Guyana...0. 54 124 Kuwait...0. 53 125 Honduras...0. 52 126 United arab emirates...0. 51 127 Timor-Leste...0. 49 128 Sri lanka...0. 48 129 Bahrain...0. 46 130 Turkey...0. 43 131 Libya...0. 40 132 Mauritania...0. 37 133 India...0. 36 134 Tunisia...0. 36 135 Oman...0. 36 136 Yemen...0. 35 137 Morocco...0. 34 138 Lebanon...0. 34 139 Egypt...0. 32 140 Pakistan...0. 30 141 Saudi arabia...0. 25 142 Jordan...0. 23 143 Iran, Islamic Rep...0. 23 144 Algeria...0. 21 7. 10 Female participation in the labor force Ratio of women to men in the labor force 2012 SOURCES: International labour organization, Key Indicators of the Labour markets, 8th Edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 493  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 8 Financial market development Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 1 Switzerland...6. 5 2 Luxembourg...6. 3 3 Hong kong SAR...6. 2 4 United states...6. 2 5 Canada...6. 1 6 South africa...6. 1 7 United kingdom...6. 1 8 Singapore...6. 1 9 Norway...6. 0 10 Finland...6. 0 11 Netherlands...5. 9 12 Belgium...5. 9 13 Qatar...5. 8 14 New zealand...5. 7 15 Bahrain...5. 7 16 Panama...5. 7 17 Malaysia...5. 6 18 Germany...5. 6 19 Australia...5. 6 20 Sweden...5. 6 21 Chile...5. 5 22 United arab emirates...5. 5 23 Puerto rico...5. 5 24 Austria...5. 4 25 Taiwan, China...5. 4 26 Malta...5. 4 27 Japan...5. 3 28 Thailand...5. 3 29 Guatemala...5. 3 30 France...5. 3 31 Sri lanka...5. 3 32 Denmark...5. 3 33 Brazil...5. 2 34 Mauritius...5. 2 35 Turkey...5. 2 36 Estonia...5. 2 37 Israel...5. 2 38 Czech republic...5. 1 39 Slovak Republic...5. 1 40 Latvia...5. 1 41 Honduras...5. 1 42 Philippines...5. 0 43 Portugal...4. 9 44 Poland...4. 9 45 Lithuania...4. 9 46 Indonesia...4. 9 47 Oman...4. 9 48 Saudi arabia...4. 9 49 Ireland...4. 9 50 Barbados...4. 9 51 Spain...4. 9 52 Dominican republic...4. 8 53 Colombia...4. 8 54 Namibia...4. 7 55 Peru...4. 7 56 Kenya...4. 7 57 Cyprus...4. 7 58 Jordan...4. 7 59 Morocco...4. 6 60 Lebanon...4. 6 61 Jamaica...4. 6 62 Hungary...4. 5 63 China...4. 5 64 Trinidad and tobago...4. 5 65 Kazakhstan...4. 5 66 Swaziland...4. 4 67 Iceland...4. 4 68 Kuwait...4. 4 69 Rwanda...4. 4 70 Costa rica...4. 4 71 Russian Federation...4. 4 72 Botswana...4. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 73 Mexico...4. 3 74 Zambia...4. 3 75 Armenia...4. 3 76 Macedonia, FYR...4. 3 77 Italy...4. 3 78 Croatia...4. 3 79 Lao PDR...4. 3 80 Paraguay...4. 3 81 Uruguay...4. 2 82 Pakistan...4. 2 83 India...4. 2 84 Nepal...4. 2 85 Bulgaria...4. 2 86 Uganda...4. 1 87 Nigeria...4. 1 88 Guyana...4. 1 89 Georgia...4. 1 90 El salvador...4. 1 91 Cambodia...4. 1 92 Azerbaijan...4. 1 93 Romania...4. 1 94 Montenegro...4. 1 95 Bangladesh...4. 1 96 Gambia, The...4. 1 97 Tajikistan...4. 0 98 Serbia...4. 0 99 Ghana...4. 0 100 Korea, Rep...4. 0 101 Bhutan...3. 9 102 Ukraine...3. 9 103 Seychelles...3. 9 104 Vietnam...3. 9 105 Bolivia...3. 8 106 Cameroon...3. 8 107 Zimbabwe...3. 8 108 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 8 109 Moldova...3. 8 110 Greece...3. 8 111 Mongolia...3. 8 112 Malawi...3. 8 113 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 7 114 Senegal...3. 7 115 Albania...3. 7 116 Nicaragua...3. 7 117 Ethiopia...3. 7 118 Mozambique...3. 7 119 Cape verde...3. 7 120 Tunisia...3. 7 121 Suriname...3. 7 122 Tanzania...3. 7 123 Venezuela...3. 6 124 Sierra leone...3. 6 125 Slovenia...3. 6 126 Mali...3. 5 127 Madagascar...3. 5 128 Gabon...3. 5 129 Egypt...3. 4 130 Burkina faso...3. 4 131 Lesotho...3. 2 132 Argentina...3. 1 133 Algeria...3. 0 134 Haiti...3. 0 135 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 9 136 Timor-Leste...2. 9 137 Guinea...2. 9 138 Mauritania...2. 9 139 Myanmar...2. 8 140 Burundi...2. 8 141 Yemen...2. 7 142 Chad...2. 6 143 Angola...2. 3 144 Libya...2. 1 8. 01 Availability of financial services In your country, to what extent does the financial sector provide a wide range of financial products and services to businesses? 1=not at all; 7=provides a wide variety 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 496 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 Switzerland...6. 1 2 Luxembourg...6. 1 3 Finland...6. 0 4 Hong kong SAR...6. 0 5 Norway...5. 9 6 Qatar...5. 9 7 Singapore...5. 9 8 Canada...5. 8 9 New zealand...5. 7 10 United states...5. 7 11 Taiwan, China...5. 6 12 Malaysia...5. 6 13 Belgium...5. 5 14 Germany...5. 5 15 Bahrain...5. 5 16 Sweden...5. 5 17 Netherlands...5. 5 18 Panama...5. 5 19 United kingdom...5. 5 20 United arab emirates...5. 4 21 South africa...5. 3 22 Puerto rico...5. 3 23 Austria...5. 3 24 Malta...5. 2 25 Australia...5. 2 26 Slovak Republic...5. 2 27 Oman...5. 2 28 France...5. 2 29 Japan...5. 1 30 Saudi arabia...5. 1 31 Czech republic...5. 1 32 Latvia...5. 1 33 Guatemala...5. 0 34 Denmark...5. 0 35 Thailand...5. 0 36 Brazil...5. 0 37 Turkey...4. 9 38 Estonia...4. 9 39 Lithuania...4. 9 40 Mauritius...4. 9 41 Indonesia...4. 9 42 Chile...4. 9 43 Philippines...4. 8 44 Poland...4. 8 45 Sri lanka...4. 7 46 Ireland...4. 7 47 Jordan...4. 5 48 Barbados...4. 5 49 Namibia...4. 4 50 China...4. 4 51 Cyprus...4. 4 52 Kuwait...4. 4 53 Trinidad and tobago...4. 3 54 Macedonia, FYR...4. 3 55 Kazakhstan...4. 3 56 Rwanda...4. 3 57 Lao PDR...4. 2 58 Honduras...4. 2 59 Israel...4. 2 60 Swaziland...4. 2 61 Portugal...4. 2 62 Spain...4. 2 63 Morocco...4. 2 64 Kenya...4. 2 65 Iceland...4. 2 66 Romania...4. 2 67 Botswana...4. 2 68 Costa rica...4. 1 69 Russian Federation...4. 1 70 Peru...4. 1 71 Uruguay...4. 1 72 Lebanon...4. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 India...4. 1 74 Nepal...4. 1 75 Georgia...4. 1 76 Guyana...4. 1 77 Azerbaijan...4. 1 78 Montenegro...4. 0 79 Bhutan...4. 0 80 Jamaica...4. 0 81 Armenia...4. 0 82 Italy...4. 0 83 Tajikistan...4. 0 84 Pakistan...4. 0 85 Bulgaria...4. 0 86 El salvador...4. 0 87 Gambia, The...4. 0 88 Venezuela...3. 9 89 Bangladesh...3. 9 90 Korea, Rep...3. 9 91 Tunisia...3. 9 92 Cambodia...3. 9 93 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 94 Zambia...3. 9 95 Seychelles...3. 9 96 Nicaragua...3. 8 97 Ghana...3. 8 98 Hungary...3. 8 99 Dominican republic...3. 8 100 Cape verde...3. 8 101 Croatia...3. 8 102 Senegal...3. 7 103 Moldova...3. 7 104 Albania...3. 7 105 Bolivia...3. 7 106 Mexico...3. 7 107 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 7 108 Paraguay...3. 7 109 Cameroon...3. 7 110 Serbia...3. 7 111 Suriname...3. 6 112 Ethiopia...3. 6 113 Mali...3. 6 114 Colombia...3. 6 115 Vietnam...3. 6 116 Tanzania...3. 6 117 Mozambique...3. 6 118 Greece...3. 6 119 Mongolia...3. 5 120 Slovenia...3. 5 121 Uganda...3. 5 122 Nigeria...3. 5 123 Ukraine...3. 5 124 Sierra leone...3. 4 125 Lesotho...3. 4 126 Egypt...3. 3 127 Gabon...3. 3 128 Angola...3. 2 129 Mauritania...3. 2 130 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 1 131 Zimbabwe...3. 1 132 Madagascar...3. 1 133 Malawi...3. 1 134 Burkina faso...3. 1 135 Algeria...3. 1 136 Myanmar...3. 0 137 Haiti...2. 9 138 Argentina...2. 9 139 Timor-Leste...2. 9 140 Chad...2. 9 141 Guinea...2. 8 142 Burundi...2. 7 143 Yemen...2. 4 144 Libya...2. 0 8. 02 Affordability of financial services In your country, to what extent are financial services affordable for businesses? 1=not affordable at all; 7=affordable 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 497  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 1 Hong kong SAR...5. 7 2 Taiwan, China...5. 5 3 South africa...5. 4 4 New zealand...5. 3 5 Qatar...5. 2 6 United states...5. 2 7 Singapore...5. 1 8 Malaysia...5. 1 9 Norway...5. 0 10 United kingdom...4. 9 11 Canada...4. 9 12 Japan...4. 9 13 Sweden...4. 8 14 Australia...4. 8 15 Sri lanka...4. 8 16 Switzerland...4. 8 17 United arab emirates...4. 7 18 Thailand...4. 6 19 Saudi arabia...4. 5 20 Oman...4. 5 21 Finland...4. 5 22 Luxembourg...4. 4 23 Philippines...4. 4 24 France...4. 4 25 Malta...4. 4 26 Chile...4. 4 27 Netherlands...4. 3 28 Jamaica...4. 3 29 Indonesia...4. 3 30 Kenya...4. 3 31 Germany...4. 3 32 Mauritius...4. 2 33 Panama...4. 2 34 China...4. 2 35 Jordan...4. 2 36 Bahrain...4. 1 37 Bangladesh...4. 1 38 Ghana...4. 0 39 India...4. 0 40 Kuwait...3. 9 41 Denmark...3. 9 42 Israel...3. 9 43 Belgium...3. 9 44 Vietnam...3. 9 45 Turkey...3. 9 46 Nigeria...3. 8 47 Nepal...3. 8 48 Estonia...3. 8 49 Morocco...3. 8 50 Austria...3. 8 51 Iceland...3. 7 52 Zambia...3. 7 53 El salvador...3. 7 54 Namibia...3. 7 55 Brazil...3. 6 56 Botswana...3. 6 57 Tunisia...3. 6 58 Guyana...3. 6 59 Poland...3. 6 60 Egypt...3. 6 61 Pakistan...3. 6 62 Peru...3. 5 63 Malawi...3. 5 64 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 65 Korea, Rep...3. 5 66 Swaziland...3. 5 67 Lithuania...3. 5 68 Bhutan...3. 5 69 Paraguay...3. 5 70 Puerto rico...3. 5 71 Colombia...3. 4 72 Mexico...3. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 4 7 73 Rwanda...3. 4 74 Macedonia, FYR...3. 4 75 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 76 Bolivia...3. 3 77 Senegal...3. 3 78 Ireland...3. 3 79 Montenegro...3. 3 80 Zimbabwe...3. 2 81 Italy...3. 2 82 Tanzania...3. 2 83 Romania...3. 2 84 Czech republic...3. 2 85 Uganda...3. 1 86 Russian Federation...3. 1 87 Kazakhstan...3. 1 88 Gambia, The...3. 1 89 Seychelles...3. 1 90 Azerbaijan...3. 1 91 Barbados...3. 1 92 Nicaragua...3. 0 93 Portugal...3. 0 94 Cape verde...3. 0 95 Bulgaria...3. 0 96 Latvia...3. 0 97 Tajikistan...3. 0 98 Ethiopia...3. 0 99 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 0 100 Lao PDR...2. 9 101 Cameroon...2. 9 102 Spain...2. 9 103 Gabon...2. 9 104 Croatia...2. 8 105 Dominican republic...2. 8 106 Hungary...2. 8 107 Slovak Republic...2. 8 108 Ukraine...2. 7 109 Lesotho...2. 7 110 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 111 Suriname...2. 6 112 Armenia...2. 5 113 Cyprus...2. 5 114 Moldova...2. 5 115 Honduras...2. 5 116 Mongolia...2. 5 117 Costa rica...2. 4 118 Mali...2. 4 119 Mozambique...2. 4 120 Guatemala...2. 4 121 Greece...2. 3 122 Slovenia...2. 3 123 Haiti...2. 3 124 Sierra leone...2. 3 125 Madagascar...2. 3 126 Georgia...2. 2 127 Burkina faso...2. 2 128 Argentina...2. 2 129 Timor-Leste...2. 2 130 Uruguay...2. 2 131 Cambodia...2. 2 132 Lebanon...2. 2 133 Serbia...2. 2 134 Algeria...2. 1 135 Yemen...2. 0 136 Mauritania...2. 0 137 Myanmar...1. 9 138 Burundi...1. 8 139 Chad...1. 8 140 Libya...1. 8 141 Venezuela...1. 8 142 Guinea...1. 6 143 Albania...1. 6 144 Angola...1. 4 8. 03 Financing through local equity market In your country, how easy is it for companies to raise money by issuing shares on the stock market? 1=extremely difficult; 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 498 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 2. 9 7 1 Qatar...5. 1 2 Malaysia...4. 8 3 United arab emirates...4. 7 4 Singapore...4. 5 5 Hong kong SAR...4. 5 6 Luxembourg...4. 4 7 Norway...4. 3 8 Bahrain...4. 2 9 Oman...4. 1 10 Sweden...4. 1 11 New zealand...4. 0 12 Finland...4. 0 13 Panama...4. 0 14 United states...3. 9 15 Indonesia...3. 9 16 Malta...3. 8 17 France...3. 8 18 Canada...3. 8 19 Japan...3. 7 20 Chile...3. 7 21 China...3. 7 22 Tajikistan...3. 6 23 Thailand...3. 6 24 Bolivia...3. 6 25 Jordan...3. 6 26 Taiwan, China...3. 6 27 Saudi arabia...3. 6 28 Switzerland...3. 6 29 India...3. 6 30 Philippines...3. 5 31 Mauritius...3. 5 32 South africa...3. 5 33 Kenya...3. 4 34 Germany...3. 3 35 Belgium...3. 3 36 Czech republic...3. 3 37 Guyana...3. 3 38 Australia...3. 3 39 Slovak Republic...3. 3 40 Estonia...3. 3 41 Rwanda...3. 2 42 Peru...3. 2 43 Kazakhstan...3. 2 44 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 1 45 Kuwait...3. 1 46 Morocco...3. 1 47 Guatemala...3. 1 48 Netherlands...3. 1 49 Montenegro...3. 0 50 Seychelles...3. 0 51 Israel...3. 0 52 El salvador...3. 0 53 Bulgaria...3. 0 54 Botswana...3. 0 55 Macedonia, FYR...3. 0 56 Russian Federation...3. 0 57 Paraguay...3. 0 58 Ghana...2. 9 59 Romania...2. 9 60 Denmark...2. 9 61 Senegal...2. 9 62 Honduras...2. 9 63 Lesotho...2. 9 64 Turkey...2. 9 65 Sri lanka...2. 9 66 Austria...2. 9 67 Nicaragua...2. 8 68 Namibia...2. 8 69 Uruguay...2. 8 70 Tunisia...2. 8 71 Lao PDR...2. 8 72 Algeria...2. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 2. 9 7 73 Puerto rico...2. 8 74 Iceland...2. 8 75 Dominican republic...2. 8 76 Lebanon...2. 8 77 Colombia...2. 8 78 Madagascar...2. 7 79 Azerbaijan...2. 7 80 Cambodia...2. 7 81 Swaziland...2. 7 82 United kingdom...2. 7 83 Gabon...2. 7 84 Mali...2. 7 85 Brazil...2. 7 86 Tanzania...2. 7 87 Ukraine...2. 6 88 Vietnam...2. 6 89 Poland...2. 6 90 Pakistan...2. 6 91 Lithuania...2. 6 92 Cameroon...2. 5 93 Uganda...2. 5 94 Timor-Leste...2. 5 95 Gambia, The...2. 5 96 Latvia...2. 5 97 Armenia...2. 5 98 Bhutan...2. 5 99 Zambia...2. 5 100 Cape verde...2. 5 101 Barbados...2. 5 102 Trinidad and tobago...2. 5 103 Bangladesh...2. 4 104 Moldova...2. 4 105 Guinea...2. 4 106 Croatia...2. 4 107 Mexico...2. 4 108 Portugal...2. 4 109 Cyprus...2. 4 110 Georgia...2. 4 111 Suriname...2. 4 112 Haiti...2. 3 113 Venezuela...2. 3 114 Malawi...2. 3 115 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 3 116 Nepal...2. 3 117 Ireland...2. 2 118 Costa rica...2. 2 119 Jamaica...2. 2 120 Korea, Rep...2. 2 121 Serbia...2. 2 122 Angola...2. 2 123 Ethiopia...2. 1 124 Chad...2. 1 125 Mauritania...2. 0 126 Hungary...2. 0 127 Mozambique...1. 9 128 Albania...1. 9 129 Egypt...1. 9 130 Sierra leone...1. 8 131 Burundi...1. 8 132 Spain...1. 7 133 Yemen...1. 7 134 Argentina...1. 7 135 Zimbabwe...1. 7 136 Greece...1. 7 137 Nigeria...1. 6 138 Burkina faso...1. 6 139 Italy...1. 6 140 Slovenia...1. 6 141 Iran, Islamic Rep...1. 6 142 Libya...1. 5 143 Mongolia...1. 5 144 Myanmar...1. 4 8. 04 Ease of access to loans In your country, how easy is it to obtain a bank loan with only a good business plan and no collateral? 1=extremely difficult; 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 499  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 2. 8 7 1 Qatar...4. 8 2 Malaysia...4. 6 3 United states...4. 4 4 United arab emirates...4. 4 5 Hong kong SAR...4. 3 6 Norway...4. 3 7 Singapore...4. 3 8 Finland...4. 3 9 Israel...4. 2 10 Luxembourg...4. 2 11 Sweden...4. 2 12 New zealand...3. 9 13 China...3. 9 14 Indonesia...3. 9 15 Taiwan, China...3. 9 16 Panama...3. 6 17 Canada...3. 6 18 Bahrain...3. 6 19 United kingdom...3. 6 20 India...3. 5 21 Oman...3. 5 22 Netherlands...3. 5 23 Jordan...3. 5 24 Japan...3. 4 25 Switzerland...3. 4 26 Estonia...3. 4 27 Saudi arabia...3. 4 28 Germany...3. 4 29 Australia...3. 4 30 Bolivia...3. 4 31 Philippines...3. 3 32 Chile...3. 3 33 Belgium...3. 3 34 Guyana...3. 3 35 France...3. 3 36 Ghana...3. 2 37 South africa...3. 2 38 Tajikistan...3. 2 39 Rwanda...3. 1 40 Malta...3. 1 41 Mauritius...3. 1 42 Czech republic...3. 1 43 Kenya...3. 1 44 Thailand...3. 0 45 El salvador...3. 0 46 Ireland...3. 0 47 Kazakhstan...3. 0 48 Latvia...3. 0 49 Morocco...2. 9 50 Montenegro...2. 9 51 Puerto rico...2. 9 52 Macedonia, FYR...2. 9 53 Senegal...2. 9 54 Peru...2. 9 55 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...2. 8 56 Honduras...2. 8 57 Slovak Republic...2. 8 58 Iceland...2. 8 59 Lebanon...2. 8 60 Cambodia...2. 7 61 Russian Federation...2. 7 62 Seychelles...2. 7 63 Guatemala...2. 7 64 Azerbaijan...2. 7 65 Nicaragua...2. 7 66 Sri lanka...2. 7 67 Botswana...2. 7 68 Tunisia...2. 7 69 Kuwait...2. 7 70 Austria...2. 7 71 Vietnam...2. 7 72 Lesotho...2. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 2. 8 7 73 Lithuania...2. 7 74 Swaziland...2. 7 75 Cyprus...2. 7 76 Timor-Leste...2. 6 77 Uruguay...2. 6 78 Romania...2. 6 79 Bulgaria...2. 6 80 Brazil...2. 6 81 Tanzania...2. 6 82 Colombia...2. 6 83 Dominican republic...2. 6 84 Portugal...2. 5 85 Lao PDR...2. 5 86 Mexico...2. 5 87 Denmark...2. 5 88 Namibia...2. 5 89 Madagascar...2. 5 90 Turkey...2. 5 91 Cape verde...2. 5 92 Pakistan...2. 5 93 Gambia, The...2. 4 94 Mali...2. 4 95 Zambia...2. 4 96 Armenia...2. 4 97 Ukraine...2. 3 98 Angola...2. 3 99 Poland...2. 3 100 Spain...2. 3 101 Barbados...2. 3 102 Cameroon...2. 3 103 Egypt...2. 3 104 Bhutan...2. 3 105 Nepal...2. 2 106 Uganda...2. 2 107 Korea, Rep...2. 2 108 Algeria...2. 2 109 Trinidad and tobago...2. 2 110 Ethiopia...2. 2 111 Costa rica...2. 2 112 Malawi...2. 2 113 Paraguay...2. 2 114 Croatia...2. 2 115 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 2 116 Moldova...2. 2 117 Jamaica...2. 2 118 Georgia...2. 1 119 Bangladesh...2. 1 120 Mozambique...2. 1 121 Hungary...2. 1 122 Venezuela...2. 1 123 Gabon...2. 0 124 Haiti...2. 0 125 Slovenia...2. 0 126 Suriname...2. 0 127 Italy...2. 0 128 Albania...1. 9 129 Burundi...1. 9 130 Guinea...1. 9 131 Nigeria...1. 9 132 Serbia...1. 9 133 Iran, Islamic Rep...1. 9 134 Mauritania...1. 9 135 Greece...1. 9 136 Chad...1. 9 137 Sierra leone...1. 8 138 Argentina...1. 8 139 Yemen...1. 7 140 Zimbabwe...1. 6 141 Mongolia...1. 6 142 Libya...1. 6 143 Myanmar...1. 6 144 Burkina faso...1. 5 8. 05 Venture capital availability In your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? 1=extremely difficult; 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 500 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 8 7 1 Canada...6. 7 2 New zealand...6. 7 3 Australia...6. 6 4 Singapore...6. 6 5 Finland...6. 5 6 South africa...6. 5 7 Hong kong SAR...6. 5 8 Norway...6. 4 9 Qatar...6. 3 10 Malta...6. 3 11 Chile...6. 3 12 Panama...6. 2 13 Brazil...6. 1 14 Barbados...6. 1 15 Mauritius...6. 1 16 Luxembourg...6. 0 17 Saudi arabia...6. 0 18 Israel...6. 0 19 Guatemala...6. 0 20 Slovak Republic...5. 9 21 Switzerland...5. 9 22 Oman...5. 9 23 United arab emirates...5. 9 24 Czech republic...5. 9 25 Sri lanka...5. 8 26 Sweden...5. 8 27 Lebanon...5. 8 28 Bahrain...5. 8 29 Peru...5. 8 30 Colombia...5. 8 31 Costa rica...5. 8 32 Taiwan, China...5. 7 33 Japan...5. 7 34 Honduras...5. 7 35 Malaysia...5. 7 36 Namibia...5. 7 37 Thailand...5. 7 38 Turkey...5. 7 39 Estonia...5. 7 40 Trinidad and tobago...5. 7 41 Mexico...5. 6 42 Morocco...5. 6 43 Botswana...5. 6 44 Paraguay...5. 6 45 Dominican republic...5. 6 46 Philippines...5. 5 47 France...5. 4 48 Uruguay...5. 4 49 United states...5. 4 50 Kuwait...5. 4 51 Poland...5. 4 52 Macedonia, FYR...5. 3 53 Jamaica...5. 3 54 Kenya...5. 3 55 Germany...5. 3 56 Latvia...5. 2 57 Jordan...5. 2 58 Suriname...5. 1 59 Zambia...5. 1 60 Indonesia...5. 1 61 Austria...5. 0 62 Bulgaria...5. 0 63 China...5. 0 64 Puerto rico...4. 9 65 Swaziland...4. 9 66 Armenia...4. 9 67 Georgia...4. 9 68 Gambia, The...4. 9 69 Croatia...4. 9 70 Gabon...4. 9 71 Pakistan...4. 8 72 Nicaragua...4. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 8 7 73 Hungary...4. 8 74 Malawi...4. 8 75 Guyana...4. 8 76 Lao PDR...4. 8 77 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 8 78 Nigeria...4. 8 79 Senegal...4. 8 80 Netherlands...4. 7 81 Denmark...4. 7 82 Rwanda...4. 7 83 Uganda...4. 6 84 Mozambique...4. 6 85 Belgium...4. 6 86 Argentina...4. 6 87 Seychelles...4. 5 88 Cambodia...4. 5 89 United kingdom...4. 5 90 Venezuela...4. 5 91 Romania...4. 5 92 Cameroon...4. 5 93 Italy...4. 4 94 Tajikistan...4. 4 95 Bhutan...4. 4 96 Cape verde...4. 4 97 Ghana...4. 4 98 Albania...4. 3 99 Mongolia...4. 3 100 Azerbaijan...4. 3 101 India...4. 3 102 Ethiopia...4. 3 103 Nepal...4. 2 104 Bangladesh...4. 2 105 Haiti...4. 2 106 Serbia...4. 2 107 Tanzania...4. 2 108 Kazakhstan...4. 2 109 Montenegro...4. 2 110 Egypt...4. 2 111 Portugal...4. 2 112 Spain...4. 2 113 Lithuania...4. 2 114 El salvador...4. 1 115 Angola...4. 1 116 Burkina faso...4. 1 117 Sierra leone...4. 1 118 Russian Federation...4. 0 119 Madagascar...4. 0 120 Bolivia...4. 0 121 Iceland...4. 0 122 Korea, Rep...3. 9 123 Mali...3. 9 124 Moldova...3. 8 125 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 8 126 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 7 127 Guinea...3. 6 128 Tunisia...3. 5 129 Timor-Leste...3. 5 130 Lesotho...3. 5 131 Myanmar...3. 5 132 Vietnam...3. 5 133 Algeria...3. 4 134 Chad...3. 2 135 Mauritania...3. 1 136 Zimbabwe...3. 1 137 Yemen...3. 0 138 Ukraine...3. 0 139 Ireland...3. 0 140 Burundi...2. 9 141 Greece...2. 8 142 Libya...2. 7 143 Cyprus...2. 4 144 Slovenia...2. 2 8. 06 Soundness of banks In your country, how would you assess the soundness of banks? 1=extremely low†banks may require recapitalization; 7=extremely high†banks are generally healthy with sound balance sheets 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 501  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 1 South africa...6. 4 2 Finland...6. 1 3 Hong kong SAR...6. 0 4 Luxembourg...6. 0 5 Singapore...6. 0 6 New zealand...5. 9 7 Qatar...5. 9 8 Puerto rico...5. 8 9 Norway...5. 7 10 Canada...5. 6 11 Australia...5. 5 12 United arab emirates...5. 5 13 Malaysia...5. 5 14 Oman...5. 5 15 Japan...5. 5 16 Bahrain...5. 4 17 Brazil...5. 4 18 Denmark...5. 4 19 Switzerland...5. 4 20 Sweden...5. 4 21 Taiwan, China...5. 4 22 United kingdom...5. 3 23 Chile...5. 3 24 Mauritius...5. 2 25 Netherlands...5. 2 26 Malta...5. 0 27 Thailand...5. 0 28 Jamaica...5. 0 29 Panama...5. 0 30 United states...5. 0 31 Saudi arabia...5. 0 32 France...5. 0 33 Barbados...5. 0 34 Belgium...4. 9 35 Poland...4. 9 36 Peru...4. 8 37 Namibia...4. 8 38 Germany...4. 8 39 Estonia...4. 8 40 Mexico...4. 8 41 Costa rica...4. 7 42 Jordan...4. 7 43 Ireland...4. 7 44 Zambia...4. 7 45 Philippines...4. 6 46 Portugal...4. 6 47 Kenya...4. 6 48 Turkey...4. 6 49 Morocco...4. 5 50 Macedonia, FYR...4. 5 51 Pakistan...4. 5 52 Israel...4. 5 53 Indonesia...4. 5 54 Hungary...4. 4 55 Austria...4. 4 56 Sri lanka...4. 4 57 Botswana...4. 4 58 China...4. 4 59 Czech republic...4. 4 60 Latvia...4. 3 61 Iceland...4. 3 62 India...4. 3 63 Zimbabwe...4. 3 64 Uruguay...4. 2 65 Nigeria...4. 2 66 Spain...4. 2 67 Paraguay...4. 1 68 Cyprus...4. 1 69 Nicaragua...4. 1 70 Lithuania...4. 1 71 Seychelles...4. 0 72 Croatia...4. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 1 7 73 Rwanda...4. 0 74 Malawi...4. 0 75 Colombia...4. 0 76 Kuwait...4. 0 77 Swaziland...4. 0 78 Montenegro...4. 0 79 Lao PDR...3. 9 80 Ghana...3. 9 81 Gambia, The...3. 9 82 El salvador...3. 9 83 Bhutan...3. 8 84 Italy...3. 8 85 Slovak Republic...3. 8 86 Kazakhstan...3. 8 87 Dominican republic...3. 8 88 Slovenia...3. 7 89 Korea, Rep...3. 7 90 Tunisia...3. 7 91 Russian Federation...3. 7 92 Uganda...3. 7 93 Azerbaijan...3. 7 94 Greece...3. 7 95 Trinidad and tobago...3. 7 96 Cape verde...3. 7 97 Guatemala...3. 7 98 Bolivia...3. 7 99 Guyana...3. 7 100 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 6 101 Romania...3. 6 102 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 6 103 Bulgaria...3. 6 104 Tanzania...3. 5 105 Ethiopia...3. 5 106 Senegal...3. 5 107 Egypt...3. 5 108 Lebanon...3. 5 109 Nepal...3. 4 110 Vietnam...3. 3 111 Gabon...3. 3 112 Armenia...3. 3 113 Serbia...3. 3 114 Argentina...3. 3 115 Bangladesh...3. 2 116 Mozambique...3. 2 117 Moldova...3. 2 118 Cambodia...3. 2 119 Tajikistan...3. 1 120 Sierra leone...3. 1 121 Georgia...3. 1 122 Burkina faso...3. 1 123 Honduras...3. 0 124 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 0 125 Suriname...3. 0 126 Cameroon...2. 9 127 Ukraine...2. 9 128 Mongolia...2. 7 129 Mali...2. 6 130 Lesotho...2. 6 131 Timor-Leste...2. 6 132 Venezuela...2. 6 133 Madagascar...2. 5 134 Haiti...2. 3 135 Myanmar...2. 2 136 Algeria...2. 2 137 Libya...2. 0 138 Mauritania...1. 9 139 Guinea...1. 9 140 Albania...1. 9 141 Burundi...1. 9 142 Chad...1. 8 143 Yemen...1. 4 144 Angola...1. 2 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges In your country, how effective are the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges? 1=not at all effective; 7=extremely effective 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 502 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Australia...10 1 Hong kong SAR...10 1 Kenya...10 1 Kyrgyz Republic...10 1 Latvia...10 1 Malaysia...10 1 Montenegro...10 1 New zealand...10 1 Singapore...10 1 United kingdom...10 11 Albania...9 11 Barbados...9 11 Bulgaria...9 11 Cyprus...9 11 Denmark...9 11 Georgia...9 11 Ireland...9 11 Israel...9 11 Macedonia, FYR...9 11 Moldova...9 11 Nigeria...9 11 Poland...9 11 Puerto rico...9 11 Romania...9 11 Trinidad and tobago...9 11 Ukraine...9 11 United states...9 11 Zambia...9 29 Cambodia...8 29 Finland...8 29 Ghana...8 29 Guatemala...8 29 Honduras...8 29 India...8 29 Jamaica...8 29 Korea, Rep...8 29 Nepal...8 29 Rwanda...8 29 Slovak Republic...8 29 Sweden...8 29 Switzerland...8 29 Vietnam...8 43 Austria...7 43 Bangladesh...7 43 Canada...7 43 Croatia...7 43 Estonia...7 43 France...7 43 Germany...7 43 Hungary...7 43 Iceland...7 43 Japan...7 43 Lithuania...7 43 Malawi...7 43 Namibia...7 43 Peru...7 43 Serbia...7 43 Sierra leone...7 43 South africa...7 43 Tanzania...7 43 Uganda...7 43 Zimbabwe...7 63 Armenia...6 63 Azerbaijan...6 63 Belgium...6 63 Botswana...6 63 Burkina faso...6 63 Cameroon...6 63 Chad...6 63 Chile...6 63 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...6 63 Czech republic...6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 63 Gabon...6 63 Guinea...6 63 Lesotho...6 63 Mali...6 63 Mauritius...6 63 Mexico...6 63 Mongolia...6 63 Norway...6 63 Pakistan...6 63 Senegal...6 63 Spain...6 63 Swaziland...6 85 China...5 85 Colombia...5 85 El salvador...5 85 Gambia, The...5 85 Indonesia...5 85 Netherlands...5 85 Panama...5 85 Saudi arabia...5 85 Sri lanka...5 85 Taiwan, China...5 85 Thailand...5 96 Argentina...4 96 Ethiopia...4 96 Greece...4 96 Guyana...4 96 Iran, Islamic Rep...4 96 Kazakhstan...4 96 Lao PDR...4 96 Luxembourg...4 96 Myanmar...4 96 Oman...4 96 Philippines...4 96 Seychelles...4 96 Slovenia...4 96 Suriname...4 96 Turkey...4 96 United arab emirates...4 96 Uruguay...4 113 Algeria...3 113 Angola...3 113 Bahrain...3 113 Bhutan...3 113 Brazil...3 113 Burundi...3 113 Cape verde...3 113 Costa rica...3 113 Dominican republic...3 113 Egypt...3 113 Haiti...3 113 Italy...3 113 Kuwait...3 113 Lebanon...3 113 Malta...3 113 Mauritania...3 113 Morocco...3 113 Mozambique...3 113 Nicaragua...3 113 Paraguay...3 113 Portugal...3 113 Qatar...3 113 Russian Federation...3 113 Tunisia...3 137 Jordan...2 137 Madagascar...2 137 Tajikistan...2 137 Timor-Leste...2 137 Venezuela...2 137 Yemen...2 143 Bolivia...1 143 Libya...1 8. 08 Legal rights index Degree of legal protection of borrowers†and lenders†rights on a 0†10 (best) scale 2013 SOURCE: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 503  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 9 Technological readiness Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 8 7 1 Finland...6. 6 2 United states...6. 5 3 Norway...6. 5 4 United kingdom...6. 5 5 Iceland...6. 4 6 Switzerland...6. 4 7 Sweden...6. 4 8 United arab emirates...6. 3 9 Netherlands...6. 3 10 Israel...6. 3 11 Portugal...6. 3 12 Belgium...6. 3 13 Luxembourg...6. 2 14 Japan...6. 2 15 Singapore...6. 2 16 Canada...6. 2 17 Germany...6. 2 18 Hong kong SAR...6. 1 19 France...6. 1 20 Puerto rico...6. 1 21 New zealand...6. 1 22 Ireland...6. 0 23 Austria...6. 0 24 Australia...6. 0 25 Qatar...5. 9 26 Bahrain...5. 9 27 Estonia...5. 8 28 Denmark...5. 8 29 Barbados...5. 8 30 Korea, Rep...5. 7 31 Chile...5. 7 32 Lithuania...5. 7 33 Malaysia...5. 7 34 Malta...5. 7 35 Latvia...5. 7 36 Panama...5. 6 37 Spain...5. 6 38 Saudi arabia...5. 5 39 South africa...5. 5 40 Slovenia...5. 5 41 Jordan...5. 4 42 Cyprus...5. 4 43 Jamaica...5. 4 44 Hungary...5. 3 45 Turkey...5. 3 46 Rwanda...5. 3 47 Guatemala...5. 3 48 Mauritius...5. 2 49 Taiwan, China...5. 2 50 Slovak Republic...5. 2 51 Czech republic...5. 2 52 Trinidad and tobago...5. 2 53 Indonesia...5. 2 54 Namibia...5. 1 55 Kenya...5. 1 56 Oman...5. 1 57 Morocco...5. 1 58 Philippines...5. 1 59 Croatia...5. 1 60 Dominican republic...5. 0 61 Greece...5. 0 62 Costa rica...5. 0 63 Azerbaijan...5. 0 64 Italy...5. 0 65 Seychelles...4. 9 66 Mexico...4. 9 67 Kuwait...4. 9 68 Senegal...4. 9 69 Macedonia, FYR...4. 9 70 Sri lanka...4. 9 71 Montenegro...4. 8 72 Honduras...4. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 8 7 73 Gambia, The...4. 8 74 Thailand...4. 7 75 Cape verde...4. 7 76 Mongolia...4. 7 77 Brazil...4. 7 78 Guyana...4. 7 79 Tunisia...4. 7 80 Peru...4. 6 81 Romania...4. 6 82 Zambia...4. 6 83 Uruguay...4. 6 84 Colombia...4. 5 85 Pakistan...4. 5 86 Mauritania...4. 5 87 Cambodia...4. 5 88 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 5 89 Georgia...4. 5 90 Poland...4. 5 91 Bulgaria...4. 4 92 Botswana...4. 4 93 Kazakhstan...4. 4 94 Nigeria...4. 4 95 Armenia...4. 4 96 Moldova...4. 3 97 China...4. 3 98 Uganda...4. 3 99 Bangladesh...4. 3 100 Lebanon...4. 3 101 Zimbabwe...4. 3 102 Mozambique...4. 3 103 Madagascar...4. 3 104 Ghana...4. 3 105 Mali...4. 2 106 Serbia...4. 2 107 El salvador...4. 2 108 Russian Federation...4. 2 109 Suriname...4. 2 110 India...4. 1 111 Tajikistan...4. 1 112 Cameroon...4. 1 113 Ukraine...4. 1 114 Lao PDR...4. 1 115 Nepal...4. 0 116 Albania...4. 0 117 Gabon...4. 0 118 Paraguay...4. 0 119 Ethiopia...4. 0 120 Nicaragua...3. 9 121 Swaziland...3. 9 122 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 9 123 Vietnam...3. 9 124 Argentina...3. 8 125 Bhutan...3. 8 126 Tanzania...3. 8 127 Egypt...3. 8 128 Bolivia...3. 8 129 Malawi...3. 8 130 Venezuela...3. 8 131 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 7 132 Haiti...3. 6 133 Burkina faso...3. 5 134 Sierra leone...3. 5 135 Lesotho...3. 5 136 Algeria...3. 4 137 Guinea...3. 3 138 Yemen...3. 2 139 Angola...3. 2 140 Libya...3. 1 141 Burundi...3. 1 142 Timor-Leste...3. 0 143 Chad...2. 9 144 Myanmar...2. 7 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies In your country, to what extent are the latest technologies available? 1=not available at all; 7=widely available 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 506 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 7 7 1 Iceland...6. 2 2 Japan...6. 1 3 United states...6. 1 4 Norway...6. 1 5 Israel...6. 0 6 Switzerland...6. 0 7 United arab emirates...6. 0 8 Luxembourg...6. 0 9 Sweden...6. 0 10 Finland...5. 8 11 New zealand...5. 8 12 Qatar...5. 8 13 Germany...5. 7 14 United kingdom...5. 7 15 Denmark...5. 7 16 Singapore...5. 7 17 Austria...5. 7 18 Puerto rico...5. 6 19 Hong kong SAR...5. 6 20 Belgium...5. 6 21 Netherlands...5. 6 22 Portugal...5. 6 23 Australia...5. 6 24 Malaysia...5. 6 25 Ireland...5. 6 26 Taiwan, China...5. 5 27 France...5. 5 28 Korea, Rep...5. 4 29 South africa...5. 4 30 Canada...5. 4 31 Saudi arabia...5. 4 32 Estonia...5. 4 33 Lithuania...5. 4 34 Bahrain...5. 3 35 Panama...5. 3 36 Jordan...5. 3 37 Turkey...5. 2 38 Malta...5. 2 39 Chile...5. 2 40 Cyprus...5. 1 41 Philippines...5. 1 42 Indonesia...5. 1 43 Senegal...5. 0 44 Mauritius...5. 0 45 Costa rica...5. 0 46 Barbados...5. 0 47 Guatemala...5. 0 48 Latvia...5. 0 49 Rwanda...5. 0 50 Czech republic...5. 0 51 Slovenia...4. 9 52 Spain...4. 9 53 Sri lanka...4. 9 54 Namibia...4. 9 55 Thailand...4. 9 56 Kenya...4. 8 57 Slovak Republic...4. 8 58 Oman...4. 8 59 Brazil...4. 8 60 Honduras...4. 8 61 Jamaica...4. 7 62 Kuwait...4. 7 63 Seychelles...4. 7 64 Azerbaijan...4. 7 65 Hungary...4. 7 66 Mongolia...4. 7 67 Zambia...4. 7 68 China...4. 7 69 Cape verde...4. 6 70 Mexico...4. 6 71 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 72 Croatia...4. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 7 7 73 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 6 74 Greece...4. 5 75 Morocco...4. 5 76 Gambia, The...4. 5 77 Dominican republic...4. 5 78 Peru...4. 5 79 Tunisia...4. 5 80 Guyana...4. 4 81 Romania...4. 4 82 El salvador...4. 4 83 Pakistan...4. 4 84 Cameroon...4. 4 85 Bulgaria...4. 4 86 Gabon...4. 4 87 Madagascar...4. 4 88 Montenegro...4. 4 89 Colombia...4. 4 90 Kazakhstan...4. 4 91 Nigeria...4. 3 92 Botswana...4. 3 93 Uruguay...4. 3 94 Lebanon...4. 3 95 Ghana...4. 3 96 Lao PDR...4. 3 97 Cambodia...4. 3 98 Russian Federation...4. 2 99 Mozambique...4. 2 100 Ukraine...4. 2 101 Poland...4. 2 102 India...4. 2 103 Georgia...4. 2 104 Mauritania...4. 2 105 Macedonia, FYR...4. 2 106 Italy...4. 2 107 Mali...4. 1 108 Bangladesh...4. 1 109 Moldova...4. 1 110 Uganda...4. 1 111 Zimbabwe...4. 1 112 Albania...4. 1 113 Armenia...4. 1 114 Paraguay...4. 1 115 Argentina...4. 0 116 Suriname...4. 0 117 Tajikistan...4. 0 118 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 9 119 Swaziland...3. 9 120 Bhutan...3. 9 121 Vietnam...3. 9 122 Venezuela...3. 9 123 Nepal...3. 9 124 Nicaragua...3. 8 125 Malawi...3. 8 126 Egypt...3. 8 127 Serbia...3. 8 128 Ethiopia...3. 8 129 Tanzania...3. 8 130 Bolivia...3. 7 131 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 7 132 Burkina faso...3. 7 133 Guinea...3. 7 134 Yemen...3. 7 135 Haiti...3. 5 136 Lesotho...3. 5 137 Sierra leone...3. 5 138 Algeria...3. 4 139 Timor-Leste...3. 3 140 Chad...3. 3 141 Burundi...3. 2 142 Libya...3. 2 143 Angola...2. 9 144 Myanmar...2. 9 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption In your country, to what extent do businesses adopt new technology? 1=not at all; 7=adopt extensively 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 507  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 1 Ireland...6. 4 2 Singapore...5. 9 3 United arab emirates...5. 8 4 Panama...5. 7 5 Costa rica...5. 6 6 Qatar...5. 6 7 Lithuania...5. 5 8 Malaysia...5. 5 9 Luxembourg...5. 4 10 Saudi arabia...5. 4 11 Israel...5. 4 12 Chile...5. 3 13 Malta...5. 2 14 Portugal...5. 2 15 Thailand...5. 2 16 Puerto rico...5. 2 17 United kingdom...5. 2 18 Slovak Republic...5. 1 19 Hungary...5. 1 20 Uruguay...5. 1 21 Australia...5. 1 22 New zealand...5. 1 23 Hong kong SAR...5. 1 24 Barbados...5. 1 25 Rwanda...5. 1 26 Mexico...5. 1 27 Peru...5. 1 28 Turkey...5. 1 29 Dominican republic...5. 1 30 Bahrain...5. 0 31 Philippines...5. 0 32 Belgium...5. 0 33 Jordan...5. 0 34 Estonia...5. 0 35 Switzerland...5. 0 36 Czech republic...5. 0 37 Netherlands...5. 0 38 Guatemala...5. 0 39 Brazil...4. 9 40 Indonesia...4. 9 41 United states...4. 9 42 Honduras...4. 9 43 Germany...4. 9 44 Latvia...4. 8 45 Morocco...4. 8 46 Denmark...4. 8 47 Taiwan, China...4. 8 48 France...4. 8 49 Romania...4. 8 50 South africa...4. 8 51 Cambodia...4. 8 52 Oman...4. 8 53 Sri lanka...4. 8 54 Colombia...4. 8 55 Japan...4. 7 56 Uganda...4. 7 57 Mauritius...4. 7 58 Namibia...4. 7 59 Kenya...4. 7 60 Sweden...4. 7 61 Cape verde...4. 7 62 Mongolia...4. 7 63 Azerbaijan...4. 7 64 Zambia...4. 7 65 Spain...4. 7 66 Norway...4. 7 67 Austria...4. 6 68 Poland...4. 6 69 Jamaica...4. 6 70 Trinidad and tobago...4. 6 71 Canada...4. 6 72 Lao PDR...4. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 73 Korea, Rep...4. 6 74 Senegal...4. 6 75 Mozambique...4. 6 76 Macedonia, FYR...4. 6 77 Nigeria...4. 5 78 Cyprus...4. 5 79 Armenia...4. 5 80 Gambia, The...4. 5 81 China...4. 5 82 Montenegro...4. 5 83 Cameroon...4. 4 84 Tunisia...4. 4 85 Egypt...4. 4 86 Gabon...4. 3 87 Finland...4. 3 88 Mali...4. 3 89 Albania...4. 3 90 Pakistan...4. 3 91 Bulgaria...4. 3 92 Burkina faso...4. 2 93 Vietnam...4. 2 94 Botswana...4. 2 95 India...4. 2 96 Paraguay...4. 2 97 Moldova...4. 2 98 Guyana...4. 2 99 Tanzania...4. 2 100 Ghana...4. 2 101 Tajikistan...4. 2 102 Seychelles...4. 2 103 Madagascar...4. 2 104 Sierra leone...4. 1 105 Greece...4. 1 106 El salvador...4. 1 107 Kazakhstan...4. 1 108 Serbia...4. 0 109 Nicaragua...4. 0 110 Croatia...4. 0 111 Ethiopia...4. 0 112 Bangladesh...3. 9 113 Georgia...3. 9 114 Slovenia...3. 9 115 Algeria...3. 9 116 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 9 117 Angola...3. 9 118 Swaziland...3. 8 119 Malawi...3. 8 120 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 8 121 Guinea...3. 8 122 Suriname...3. 8 123 Russian Federation...3. 8 124 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 8 125 Iceland...3. 7 126 Nepal...3. 7 127 Ukraine...3. 7 128 Italy...3. 7 129 Bolivia...3. 6 130 Bhutan...3. 6 131 Haiti...3. 6 132 Myanmar...3. 5 133 Zimbabwe...3. 5 134 Lesotho...3. 5 135 Mauritania...3. 4 136 Yemen...3. 4 137 Chad...3. 4 138 Timor-Leste...3. 4 139 Lebanon...3. 4 140 Burundi...3. 3 141 Kuwait...3. 2 142 Argentina...3. 1 143 Venezuela...2. 9 144 Libya...2. 7 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer To what extent does foreign direct investment (FDI) bring new technology into your country? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent†FDI is a key source of new technology 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 508 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Iceland...96.5 2 Norway...95.1 3 Sweden...94.8 4 Denmark...94.6 5 Netherlands...94.0 6 Luxembourg...93.8 7 Finland...91.5 8 Bahrain...90.0 9 United kingdom...89.8 10 United arab emirates...88.0 11 Switzerland...86.7 12 Japan...86.3 13 Canada...85.8 14 Qatar...85.3 15 Korea, Rep...84.8 16 United states...84.2 17 Germany...84.0 18 Australia...83.0 19 New zealand...82.8 20 Belgium...82.2 21 France...81.9 22 Austria...80.6 23 Estonia...80.0 24 Taiwan, China...80.0 25 Ireland...78.2 26 Slovak Republic...77.9 27 Kuwait...75.5 28 Latvia...75.2 29 Barbados...75.0 30 Hong kong SAR...74.2 31 Czech republic...74.1 32 Puerto rico...73.9 33 Singapore...73.0 34 Slovenia...72.7 35 Hungary...72.6 36 Spain...71.6 37 Israel...70.8 38 Lebanon...70.5 39 Malta...68.9 40 Lithuania...68.5 41 Malaysia...67.0 42 Croatia...66.7 43 Chile...66.5 44 Oman...66.5 45 Cyprus...65.5 46 Trinidad and tobago...63.8 47 Poland...62.8 48 Portugal...62.1 49 Russian Federation...61.4 50 Macedonia, FYR...61.2 51 Saudi arabia...60.5 52 Albania...60.1 53 Argentina...59.9 54 Greece...59.9 55 Azerbaijan...58.7 56 Italy...58.5 57 Uruguay...58.1 58 Montenegro...56.8 59 Morocco...56.0 60 Venezuela...54.9 61 Kazakhstan...54.0 62 Bulgaria...53.1 63 Colombia...51.7 64 Brazil...51.6 65 Serbia...51.5 66 Seychelles...50.4 67 Romania...49.8 68 Egypt...49.6 69 South africa...48.9 70 Moldova...48.8 71 Armenia...46.3 72 Turkey...46.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Costa rica...46.0 74 Dominican republic...45.9 75 China...45.8 76 Jordan...44.2 77 Vietnam...43.9 78 Tunisia...43.8 79 Mexico...43.5 80 Georgia...43.1 81 Panama...42.9 82 Ukraine...41.8 83 Bolivia...39.5 84 Peru...39.2 85 Kenya...39.0 85 Mauritius...39.0 87 Nigeria...38.0 88 Jamaica...37.8 89 Cape verde...37.5 90 Suriname...37.4 91 Philippines...37.0 92 Paraguay...36.9 93 Guyana...33.0 94 Iran, Islamic Rep...31.4 95 Bhutan...29.9 96 Thailand...28.9 97 Swaziland...24.7 98 Kyrgyz Republic...23.4 99 El salvador...23.1 100 Sri lanka...21.9 101 Senegal...20.9 102 Yemen...20.0 103 Guatemala...19.7 104 Angola...19.1 105 Zimbabwe...18.5 106 Honduras...17.8 107 Mongolia...17.7 108 Algeria...16.5 108 Libya...16.5 110 Uganda...16.2 111 Tajikistan...16.0 112 Indonesia...15.8 113 Nicaragua...15.5 114 Zambia...15.4 115 India...15.1 116 Botswana...15.0 117 Gambia, The...14.0 118 Namibia...13.9 119 Nepal...13.3 120 Lao PDR...12.5 121 Ghana...12.3 122 Pakistan...10.9 123 Haiti...10.6 124 Gabon...9. 2 125 Rwanda...8. 7 126 Bangladesh...6. 5 127 Cameroon...6. 4 128 Mauritania...6. 2 129 Cambodia...6. 0 130 Malawi...5. 4 130 Mozambique...5. 4 132 Lesotho...5. 0 133 Burkina faso...4. 4 133 Tanzania...4. 4 135 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...2. 6 136 Chad...2. 3 136 Mali...2. 3 138 Madagascar...2. 2 139 Ethiopia...1. 9 140 Sierra leone...1. 7 141 Guinea...1. 6 142 Burundi...1. 3 143 Myanmar...1. 2 144 Timor-Leste...1. 1 9. 04 Internet users Percentage of individuals using the Internet 2013 SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 509  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Switzerland...43.0 2 Denmark...40.2 3 Netherlands...40.1 4 France...38.8 5 Korea, Rep...38.0 6 Norway...36.4 7 United kingdom...35.7 8 Iceland...35.1 9 Germany...34.6 10 Belgium...34.4 11 Luxembourg...33.5 12 Canada...33.3 13 Malta...32.8 14 Sweden...32.6 15 Finland...30.9 16 Hong kong SAR...30.8 17 New zealand...29.2 18 Japan...28.8 19 United states...28.5 20 Estonia...26.5 21 Greece...26.2 22 Austria...26.0 23 Singapore...25.7 24 Israel...25.7 25 Spain...25.6 26 Australia...25.0 27 Slovenia...25.0 28 Latvia...24.7 29 Ireland...24.2 30 Taiwan, China...24.2 31 Hungary...24.1 32 Portugal...23.8 33 Barbados...23.8 34 Italy...22.3 35 Lithuania...22.0 36 Croatia...21.5 37 Uruguay...21.1 38 Cyprus...19.9 39 Bulgaria...19.0 40 Romania...17.3 41 Czech republic...17.0 42 Azerbaijan...17.0 43 Russian Federation...16.6 44 Puerto rico...16.3 45 Macedonia, FYR...15.7 46 Poland...15.6 47 Slovak Republic...15.5 48 Trinidad and tobago...14.6 49 Serbia...13.9 50 Argentina...13.9 51 China...13.6 52 Moldova...13.4 53 Bahrain...13.2 54 Seychelles...12.9 55 Montenegro...12.8 56 Mauritius...12.5 57 Chile...12.3 58 Kazakhstan...11.6 59 Turkey...11.2 60 Mexico...11.1 61 United arab emirates...11.1 62 Georgia...10.2 63 Brazil...10.1 64 Lebanon...10.0 65 Qatar...9. 9 66 Costa rica...9. 7 67 Colombia...9. 3 68 Ukraine...8. 8 69 Malaysia...8. 2 70 Armenia...7. 9 71 Panama...7. 7 72 Thailand...7. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Saudi arabia...7. 3 74 Venezuela...7. 3 75 Suriname...6. 9 76 Albania...5. 8 77 Vietnam...5. 6 78 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 6 79 Peru...5. 2 80 Mongolia...4. 9 81 Tunisia...4. 8 82 Jamaica...4. 8 83 Dominican republic...4. 7 84 Guyana...4. 6 85 El salvador...4. 5 86 Cape verde...4. 3 87 Algeria...3. 3 88 Egypt...3. 3 89 South africa...3. 1 90 Jordan...2. 8 91 Bhutan...2. 7 92 Oman...2. 6 93 Philippines...2. 6 94 Morocco...2. 5 95 Nicaragua...2. 2 96 Sri lanka...2. 0 97 Guatemala...1. 8 98 Paraguay...1. 6 99 Kuwait...1. 4 100 Bolivia...1. 3 101 Indonesia...1. 3 102 Namibia...1. 3 103 India...1. 2 104 Botswana...1. 1 105 Yemen...1. 1 106 Libya...1. 0 107 Kyrgyz Republic...1. 0 108 Honduras...0. 8 109 Senegal...0. 8 110 Nepal...0. 8 111 Zimbabwe...0. 7 112 Bangladesh...0. 6 113 Pakistan...0. 6 114 Gabon...0. 5 115 Swaziland...0. 3 116 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...0. 3 117 Ghana...0. 3 118 Ethiopia...0. 3 119 Angola...0. 2 120 Cambodia...0. 2 121 Mauritania...0. 2 122 Myanmar...0. 2 123 Lao PDR...0. 1 124 Kenya...0. 1 125 Chad...0. 1 126 Uganda...0. 1 127 Lesotho...0. 1 128 Tanzania...0. 1 129 Burkina faso...0. 1 130 Cameroon...0. 1 131 Zambia...0. 1 132 Tajikistan...0. 1 133 Mozambique...0. 1 134 Timor-Leste...0. 1 135 Madagascar...0. 1 136 Gambia, The...0. 0 137 Rwanda...0. 0 138 Mali...0. 0 139 Malawi...0. 0 140 Nigeria...0. 0 141 Guinea...0. 0 142 Burundi...0. 0 143 Haiti2...0. 0 143 Sierra Leone1...0. 0 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population 2013 or most recent year available SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 1 2007 2 2008 2. 2: Data Tables 510 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Luxembourg...6, 445.8 2 Hong kong SAR...1, 762.8 3 Malta...1, 204.6 4 Singapore...580.7 5 Iceland...443.2 6 Sweden...374.8 7 United kingdom...352.6 8 Switzerland...314.1 9 Denmark...261.2 10 Netherlands...235.0 11 Belgium...201.9 12 Suriname...201.6 13 Norway...195.9 14 Portugal...181.1 15 Finland...172.2 16 Slovenia...152.7 17 France...141.5 18 Puerto Rico2...136.9 19 Romania...136.6 20 Ireland...132.3 21 Austria...128.5 22 Canada...115.9 23 Moldova...115.8 24 Germany...112.4 25 Czech republic...111.2 26 Serbia...108.9 27 Bulgaria...107.2 28 Spain...102.4 29 Israel...100.5 30 Lithuania...99.6 31 Italy...89.8 32 Greece...84.8 33 Georgia...82.1 34 Montenegro...76.5 35 Colombia...76.1 36 Costa rica...73.5 37 Poland...73.0 38 Latvia...68.1 39 Australia...67.1 40 Turkey...65.5 41 Taiwan, China...65.1 42 United states...64.1 43 Cyprus...63.4 44 Uruguay...59.9 45 Mongolia...59.7 46 Philippines...57.6 47 Chile...56.3 48 Armenia...55.1 49 Panama...54.3 50 Ukraine...52.9 51 United arab emirates...52.3 52 Barbados...52.0 53 Kenya...49.9 54 Kazakhstan...49.8 55 Qatar...48.7 56 Saudi arabia...46.7 57 New zealand...45.6 58 Azerbaijan...45.2 59 Argentina...44.3 60 Brazil...42.9 61 Russian Federation...41.2 62 Croatia...40.5 63 El salvador...40.5 64 Japan...39.2 65 Thailand...37.4 66 Macedonia, FYR...36.4 67 Oman...34.0 68 Nicaragua...32.6 69 Jamaica...32.3 70 Korea, Rep...30.3 71 Estonia...29.1 72 Algeria...26.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Myanmar...26.2 74 Bahrain...25.9 75 Hungary...24.9 76 Mauritius...24.4 77 Seychelles...23.6 78 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...22.7 79 Mexico...22.6 80 Morocco...22.3 81 Malaysia...22.1 82 Libya...21.5 83 Albania...21.0 84 Tunisia...19.1 85 Peru...18.1 86 Gabon...18.1 87 Timor-Leste3...17.5 88 Trinidad and tobago...17.2 89 Dominican republic...16.9 90 Vietnam...15.9 91 Lebanon...15.4 92 Paraguay...12.7 93 Slovak Republic...11.8 94 Cape verde...11.6 95 Burundi...11.2 96 Guatemala...10.8 97 Lao PDR...10.6 98 Guyana...10.2 99 Venezuela...10.2 100 Indonesia...10.1 101 Honduras...10.0 102 Kuwait...9. 8 103 Rwanda...9. 8 104 Cambodia...9. 3 105 Bolivia...9. 0 106 Gambia, The...7. 2 107 India...6. 8 108 Ethiopia...6. 7 109 Botswana...6. 6 110 Pakistan...6. 5 111 Tanzania...6. 5 112 Lesotho...5. 9 113 Mali...5. 9 114 Senegal...5. 4 115 Egypt...5. 3 116 Ghana...5. 2 117 Sri lanka...5. 0 118 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 6 119 Tajikistan...4. 6 120 China...4. 2 121 Uganda...4. 2 122 Zambia...4. 2 123 Jordan...4. 0 124 Bangladesh...4. 0 125 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 9 126 South africa...3. 7 127 Zimbabwe...3. 5 128 Namibia...3. 4 129 Swaziland...3. 2 130 Cameroon...3. 2 131 Burkina faso...3. 1 132 Mozambique...2. 9 133 Bhutan...2. 8 134 Mauritania...2. 6 135 Guinea...2. 5 136 Yemen...2. 5 137 Nepal...2. 4 138 Malawi...2. 2 139 Sierra Leone3...2. 0 140 Angola...2. 0 141 Nigeria...0. 8 142 Chad...0. 6 143 Madagascar...0. 4 144 Haiti1...0. 2 9. 06 Internet bandwidth International Internet bandwidth (kb/s) per Internet user 2013 or most recent year available SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 1 2004 2 2010 3 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 511  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Singapore...135.1 2 Finland...123.5 3 Japan...120.5 4 Australia...110.5 5 Bahrain...109.7 6 Denmark...107.3 7 Korea, Rep...105.3 8 Sweden2...104.9 9 Hong kong SAR...95.4 10 United states...92.8 11 United arab emirates...89.0 12 United kingdom...87.2 13 Norway...85.7 14 New zealand...81.3 15 Luxembourg...80.5 16 Estonia...77.4 17 Qatar...76.8 18 Iceland...74.3 19 Botswana...74.1 20 Costa rica...72.1 21 Oman...67.3 22 Ireland...67.2 23 Spain...67.1 24 Croatia...65.3 25 Italy...64.8 26 Austria...62.8 27 Netherlands...62.3 28 Latvia...61.2 29 Russian Federation...60.1 30 Poland2...58.5 31 Bulgaria...58.3 32 Taiwan, China...57.1 33 France...57.1 34 Kazakhstan...56.6 35 Serbia...54.8 36 Slovak Republic...53.6 37 Israel2...53.0 38 Thailand...52.3 39 Brazil...51.5 40 Lithuania...49.9 41 Saudi arabia...49.5 42 Moldova...47.2 43 Belgium...46.0 44 Czech republic...45.3 45 Germany...44.7 46 Switzerland...44.3 47 Azerbaijan...43.9 48 Cape verde...42.6 49 Lebanon...41.8 50 Slovenia...41.8 51 Barbados...41.5 52 Canada2...41.0 53 Malta...40.6 54 Ghana...39.9 55 Macedonia, FYR...38.3 56 Zimbabwe...37.8 57 Romania...37.6 58 Portugal...36.7 59 Greece...36.1 60 Chile...35.6 61 Namibia...34.2 62 Turkey...32.3 63 Uruguay2...31.9 64 Cyprus...31.6 65 Indonesia2...31.6 66 Egypt...31.1 67 Armenia...31.0 68 Mauritius...28.8 69 Jamaica...28.3 70 Hungary...26.3 71 Tunisia...26.1 72 Dominican republic...25.4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Panama...25.2 74 South Africa2...25.2 75 Albania...24.7 76 Montenegro...23.1 77 Kyrgyz Republic...22.7 78 China...21.4 79 Philippines...20.3 80 Trinidad and tobago...18.9 81 Vietnam2...18.8 82 Mongolia2...18.2 83 Georgia...16.4 84 Argentina2...16.2 85 Jordan...16.1 86 Puerto rico...15.8 87 Bhutan...15.6 88 Senegal...15.3 89 Suriname2...15.0 90 Morocco...15.0 91 Bolivia...13.9 92 Nepal...13.0 93 Malaysia...12.5 94 Angola...12.1 95 Honduras...11.7 96 Nigeria...10.1 97 Seychelles...9. 9 98 Cambodia...9. 6 99 Burkina faso...9. 0 100 Colombia...7. 9 101 Sri lanka...7. 8 102 Uganda2...7. 4 103 Lesotho...7. 4 104 Mexico1...6. 3 105 El salvador...6. 0 106 Rwanda...5. 8 107 Ukraine2...5. 4 108 Mauritania...5. 4 109 Ethiopia...4. 8 110 Paraguay...4. 8 111 Guatemala...4. 4 112 Malawi...3. 9 113 Venezuela...3. 7 114 India...3. 2 115 Kenya...3. 0 116 Peru...2. 9 117 Tanzania...2. 7 118 Lao PDR2...2. 1 119 Mali...1. 8 120 Mozambique2...1. 8 121 Nicaragua...1. 3 122 Gambia, The2...1. 2 123 Iran, Islamic Rep...1. 2 124 Myanmar...1. 0 125 Zambia...0. 7 126 Swaziland1...0. 7 127 Pakistan...0. 5 128 Madagascar...0. 4 129 Timor-Leste1...0. 4 130 Bangladesh...0. 4 131 Yemen2...0. 2 132 Burundi2...0. 0 133 Algeria...0. 0 133 Cameroon...0. 0 133 Chad...0. 0 133 CÃ'te d†Ivoire1...0. 0 133 Gabon2...0. 0 133 Guinea2...0. 0 133 Guyana...0. 0 133 Haiti1...0. 0 n/a Kuwait...n/a n/a Libya...n/a n/a Sierra leone...n/a n/a Tajikistan...n/a 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 population 2013 or most recent year available SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2: Data Tables 512 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 10 Market size Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...7. 0 2 China...6. 8 3 India...6. 2 4 Japan...6. 1 5 Germany...5. 8 6 Brazil...5. 7 7 Russian Federation...5. 7 8 United kingdom...5. 7 9 France...5. 6 10 Mexico...5. 5 11 Italy...5. 5 12 Korea, Rep...5. 4 13 Canada...5. 4 14 Spain...5. 3 15 Indonesia...5. 3 16 Turkey...5. 2 17 Australia...5. 1 18 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 0 19 Taiwan, China...5. 0 20 Poland...4. 9 21 Argentina...4. 9 22 Saudi arabia...4. 8 23 Thailand...4. 8 24 South africa...4. 8 25 Pakistan...4. 8 26 Netherlands...4. 7 27 Egypt...4. 7 28 Colombia...4. 6 29 Malaysia...4. 6 30 Philippines...4. 5 31 Nigeria...4. 5 32 Belgium...4. 4 33 Hong kong SAR...4. 4 34 Venezuela...4. 4 35 Sweden...4. 4 36 Vietnam...4. 4 37 Ukraine...4. 4 38 Bangladesh...4. 4 39 Austria...4. 4 40 Peru...4. 4 41 Chile...4. 3 42 Switzerland...4. 3 43 Singapore...4. 3 44 Romania...4. 2 45 Algeria...4. 2 46 Greece...4. 2 47 Israel...4. 2 48 Czech republic...4. 1 49 Norway...4. 1 50 Portugal...4. 1 51 United arab emirates...4. 0 52 Kazakhstan...4. 0 53 Morocco...4. 0 54 Denmark...4. 0 55 Finland...4. 0 56 Hungary...3. 9 57 Sri lanka...3. 8 58 Ethiopia...3. 8 59 Ireland...3. 7 60 New zealand...3. 7 61 Slovak Republic...3. 7 62 Puerto rico...3. 7 63 Tunisia...3. 6 64 Qatar...3. 6 65 Myanmar...3. 6 66 Bulgaria...3. 6 67 Dominican republic...3. 6 68 Ghana...3. 5 69 Angola...3. 5 70 Kenya...3. 5 71 Tanzania...3. 5 72 Guatemala...3. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Serbia...3. 4 74 Kuwait...3. 4 75 Azerbaijan...3. 4 76 Croatia...3. 3 77 Lebanon...3. 3 78 Oman...3. 3 79 Yemen...3. 3 80 Lithuania...3. 3 81 Costa rica...3. 2 82 Uganda...3. 2 83 Panama...3. 2 84 Uruguay...3. 2 85 Cameroon...3. 1 86 El salvador...3. 1 87 Bolivia...3. 1 88 Jordan...3. 1 89 Paraguay...3. 1 90 Nepal...3. 1 91 Slovenia...3. 1 92 Cambodia...3. 0 93 Honduras...3. 0 94 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...2. 9 95 Libya...2. 9 96 Latvia...2. 9 97 Botswana...2. 9 98 Mozambique...2. 9 99 Nicaragua...2. 8 100 Senegal...2. 8 101 Georgia...2. 8 102 Jamaica...2. 7 103 Albania...2. 7 104 Burkina faso...2. 7 105 Estonia...2. 7 106 Timor-Leste...2. 7 107 Bahrain...2. 7 108 Chad...2. 7 109 Macedonia, FYR...2. 6 110 Tajikistan...2. 6 111 Armenia...2. 6 112 Luxembourg...2. 6 113 Zambia...2. 6 114 Madagascar...2. 6 115 Mauritius...2. 5 116 Gabon...2. 5 117 Namibia...2. 5 118 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 5 119 Cyprus...2. 5 120 Mongolia...2. 5 121 Mali...2. 5 122 Malawi...2. 4 123 Lao PDR...2. 4 124 Trinidad and tobago...2. 4 125 Rwanda...2. 4 126 Haiti...2. 4 127 Moldova...2. 4 128 Guinea...2. 3 129 Iceland...2. 1 130 Malta...2. 1 131 Zimbabwe...2. 1 132 Sierra leone...2. 0 133 Mauritania...2. 0 134 Montenegro...1. 9 135 Guyana...1. 8 136 Barbados...1. 8 137 Lesotho...1. 8 138 Swaziland...1. 8 139 Burundi...1. 8 140 Suriname...1. 7 141 Bhutan...1. 6 142 Gambia, The...1. 4 143 Seychelles...1. 0 144 Cape verde...1. 0 10.01 Domestic market size index Sum of gross domestic product plus value of imports of goods and services, minus value of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1†7 (best) scale 2013 SOURCE: World Economic Forum†s calculations. For more details, refer to Appendix B of Chapter 1. 1 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 514 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 China...7. 0 2 United states...6. 7 3 Germany...6. 5 4 India...6. 4 5 Hong kong SAR...6. 2 6 Korea, Rep...6. 2 7 Japan...6. 2 8 United kingdom...6. 1 9 Russian Federation...6. 1 10 Netherlands...6. 1 11 Taiwan, China...6. 1 12 France...6. 1 13 Singapore...6. 0 14 Mexico...6. 0 15 Italy...5. 9 16 Thailand...5. 9 17 Saudi arabia...5. 9 18 Belgium...5. 9 19 Spain...5. 8 20 Malaysia...5. 8 21 Canada...5. 8 22 Poland...5. 7 23 Indonesia...5. 6 24 Brazil...5. 6 25 Vietnam...5. 6 26 Turkey...5. 5 27 Czech republic...5. 5 28 Iran, Islamic Rep...5. 5 29 United arab emirates...5. 5 30 Austria...5. 4 31 Ireland...5. 4 32 Australia...5. 4 33 Hungary...5. 3 34 South africa...5. 3 35 Switzerland...5. 3 36 Sweden...5. 3 37 Nigeria...5. 3 38 Ukraine...5. 2 39 Argentina...5. 2 40 Qatar...5. 2 41 Slovak Republic...5. 1 42 Philippines...5. 1 43 Romania...5. 1 44 Denmark...5. 0 45 Chile...5. 0 46 Kuwait...5. 0 47 Norway...5. 0 48 Portugal...5. 0 49 Kazakhstan...4. 9 50 Venezuela...4. 9 51 Egypt...4. 9 52 Algeria...4. 9 53 Israel...4. 9 54 Colombia...4. 9 55 Puerto rico...4. 8 56 Angola...4. 8 57 Greece...4. 8 58 Peru...4. 8 59 Finland...4. 8 60 Bulgaria...4. 8 61 Bangladesh...4. 8 62 Luxembourg...4. 8 63 Pakistan...4. 7 64 Oman...4. 7 65 Morocco...4. 7 66 Lithuania...4. 6 67 Libya...4. 6 68 Slovenia...4. 6 69 Tunisia...4. 6 70 Azerbaijan...4. 6 71 Lebanon...4. 5 72 New zealand...4. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Panama...4. 4 74 Serbia...4. 4 75 Croatia...4. 3 76 Ghana...4. 3 77 Bahrain...4. 3 78 Sri lanka...4. 3 79 Cambodia...4. 3 80 Estonia...4. 2 81 Dominican republic...4. 2 82 Bolivia...4. 2 83 Latvia...4. 1 84 Trinidad and tobago...4. 1 85 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 1 86 Costa rica...4. 1 87 Myanmar...4. 0 88 Kenya...4. 0 89 Tanzania...4. 0 90 Guatemala...4. 0 91 Honduras...4. 0 92 Gabon...3. 9 93 Yemen...3. 9 94 Ethiopia...3. 9 95 Jordan...3. 9 96 Paraguay...3. 9 97 Botswana...3. 9 98 El salvador...3. 8 99 Cameroon...3. 8 100 Uruguay...3. 8 101 Zambia...3. 8 102 Macedonia, FYR...3. 7 103 Mozambique...3. 7 104 Mauritius...3. 7 105 Uganda...3. 7 106 Chad...3. 7 107 Malta...3. 7 108 Georgia...3. 6 109 Cyprus...3. 6 110 Albania...3. 6 111 Mongolia...3. 5 112 Iceland...3. 5 113 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 5 114 Nicaragua...3. 5 115 Jamaica...3. 5 116 Senegal...3. 4 117 Madagascar...3. 4 118 Lao PDR...3. 4 119 Burkina faso...3. 4 120 Namibia...3. 4 121 Mauritania...3. 3 122 Moldova...3. 3 123 Mali...3. 3 124 Malawi...3. 2 125 Tajikistan...3. 2 126 Armenia...3. 2 127 Nepal...3. 1 128 Guyana...3. 1 129 Suriname...3. 1 130 Swaziland...3. 1 131 Zimbabwe...3. 1 132 Guinea...3. 0 133 Montenegro...3. 0 134 Sierra leone...3. 0 135 Barbados...2. 9 136 Rwanda...2. 8 137 Seychelles...2. 7 138 Lesotho...2. 7 139 Haiti...2. 6 140 Bhutan...2. 6 141 Gambia, The...2. 3 142 Cape verde...2. 2 143 Burundi...1. 7 144 Timor-Leste...1. 5 10.02 Foreign market size index Value of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1†7 (best) scale 2013 SOURCE: World Economic Forum†s calculations. For more details, refer to Appendix B of Chapter 1. 1 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 515  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...16,799. 7 2 China...13,395. 4 3 India...5, 069.2 4 Japan...4, 698.8 5 Germany...3, 232.5 6 Russian Federation...2, 556.2 7 Brazil...2, 423.3 8 United kingdom...2, 390.9 9 France...2, 278.0 10 Mexico...1, 842.6 11 Italy...1, 807.8 12 Korea, Rep...1, 666.8 13 Canada...1, 526.1 14 Spain...1, 391.3 15 Indonesia...1, 292.8 16 Turkey...1, 174.2 17 Australia...999.6 18 Iran, Islamic Rep...945.5 19 Saudi arabia...937.2 20 Taiwan, China...929.5 21 Poland...817.5 22 Argentina...777.9 23 Netherlands...700.5 24 Thailand...673.7 25 South africa...596.5 26 Pakistan...575.0 27 Egypt...553.6 28 Colombia...527.6 29 Malaysia...525.7 30 Nigeria...479.3 31 Philippines...456.4 32 Belgium...422.8 33 Venezuela...407.9 34 Sweden...396.8 35 Hong kong SAR...381.9 36 Switzerland...371.6 37 Austria...361.4 38 Vietnam...359.8 39 Singapore...348.7 40 Peru...344.2 41 Ukraine...336.8 42 Chile...334.8 43 Bangladesh...325.1 44 Czech republic...286.0 45 Algeria...285.5 46 Romania...285.1 47 Norway...280.0 48 Israel...273.7 49 United arab emirates...272.0 50 Greece...265.6 51 Kazakhstan...246.9 52 Portugal...244.8 53 Denmark...211.9 54 Qatar...199.6 55 Hungary...198.2 56 Finland...194.2 57 Ireland...188.9 58 Morocco...179.2 59 Kuwait...154.5 60 New zealand...136.6 61 Sri lanka...136.0 62 Slovak Republic...133.1 63 Angola...130.1 64 Ethiopia...121.4 65 Myanmar...113.0 66 Puerto rico...111.9 67 Tunisia...108.4 68 Bulgaria...105.0 69 Dominican republic...103.2 70 Azerbaijan...102.8 71 Oman...95.0 72 Ghana...88.5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Guatemala...81.8 74 Serbia...81.1 75 Kenya...80.4 76 Tanzania...79.4 77 Croatia...77.9 78 Libya...70.4 79 Lithuania...67.6 80 Lebanon...66.3 81 Panama...62.0 82 Yemen...61.8 83 Costa rica...61.6 84 Bolivia...59.2 85 Slovenia...57.4 86 Uruguay...56.7 87 Uganda...54.6 88 Cameroon...53.3 89 El salvador...47.5 90 Paraguay...46.4 91 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...43.8 92 Luxembourg...42.6 93 Nepal...42.1 94 Bahrain...40.6 95 Jordan...40.0 96 Cambodia...39.7 97 Honduras...39.2 98 Latvia...38.9 99 Botswana...34.1 100 Gabon...30.4 101 Estonia...29.8 102 Mozambique...28.2 103 Chad...28.0 104 Nicaragua...27.9 105 Senegal...27.7 106 Georgia...27.6 107 Trinidad and tobago...27.5 108 Burkina faso...26.6 109 Albania...26.5 110 Timor-Leste...25.8 111 Zambia...25.5 112 Jamaica...25.2 113 Macedonia, FYR...22.6 114 Madagascar...22.3 115 Cyprus...22.3 116 Mauritius...20.9 117 Lao PDR...20.8 118 Armenia...20.4 119 Tajikistan...19.1 120 Mali...18.6 121 Namibia...17.8 122 Mongolia...17.1 123 Rwanda...16.4 124 Malawi...15.0 125 Kyrgyz Republic...14.7 126 Haiti...13.6 127 Moldova...13.3 128 Iceland...13.2 129 Guinea...12.5 130 Malta...11.6 131 Zimbabwe...10.3 132 Sierra leone...9. 4 133 Mauritania...8. 2 134 Montenegro...7. 4 135 Suriname...7. 2 136 Barbados...7. 0 137 Swaziland...6. 8 138 Guyana...6. 6 139 Burundi...5. 8 140 Bhutan...4. 7 141 Lesotho...4. 3 142 Gambia, The...3. 7 143 Seychelles...2. 5 144 Cape verde...2. 2 10.03 GDP (PPP Gross domestic product valued at purchasing power parity in billions of international dollars 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 516 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR...245.0 2 Singapore...178.1 3 Luxembourg...164.3 4 Belgium...112.6 5 Ireland...109.1 6 Netherlands...100.7 7 Slovak Republic...97.9 8 Hungary...97.6 9 United Arab Emirates2...94.9 10 Czech republic...92.8 11 Estonia...89.9 12 Malta...89.0 13 Trinidad and Tobago1...88.4 14 Slovenia...88.1 15 Malaysia...85.6 16 Vietnam...83.6 17 Lithuania...83.3 18 Seychelles2...82.3 19 Libya2...76.1 20 Bahrain2...74.4 21 Cambodia...74.2 22 Thailand...74.2 23 Taiwan, China...72.9 24 Qatar...72.7 25 Puerto rico...72.6 26 Oman2...70.3 27 Bulgaria...69.8 28 Mauritania2...69.6 29 Kuwait2...69.5 30 Lebanon2...65.1 31 Latvia...62.5 32 Angola2...62.3 33 Panama...61.6 34 Guyana2...59.3 35 Austria...57.6 36 Iceland...57.5 37 Swaziland2...55.8 38 Korea, Rep...55.0 39 Gabon2...54.9 40 Denmark...54.6 41 Suriname...53.5 42 Macedonia, FYR...53.0 43 Saudi arabia...52.0 44 Kyrgyz Republic...51.5 45 CÃ'te d†Ivoire2...51.4 46 Mauritius...51.0 47 Switzerland...49.6 48 Azerbaijan...48.5 49 Germany...47.8 50 Zambia2...47.8 51 Poland...47.0 52 Honduras...46.9 53 Tunisia...46.5 54 Ukraine...46.5 55 Serbia...44.9 56 Mongolia...44.8 57 Lesotho2...43.6 58 Montenegro...43.6 59 Cyprus...43.5 60 Sweden...43.5 61 Moldova...42.8 62 Botswana2...42.8 63 Croatia...42.4 64 Bolivia...42.3 65 Romania...41.9 66 Portugal...40.9 67 Finland...40.5 68 Kazakhstan...39.6 69 Barbados...39.1 70 Jordan...38.6 71 Mozambique...38.4 72 Norway...37.3 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Chad2...37.3 74 Ghana...36.7 75 Cape verde...36.5 76 Georgia...36.3 77 Nigeria...35.6 78 Costa rica...35.2 79 Zimbabwe1...35.1 80 Israel...34.1 81 Sierra Leone2...34.0 82 Spain...33.9 83 Namibia...33.8 84 Algeria...33.8 85 Albania...33.7 86 Morocco...33.3 87 Bhutan2...32.8 88 United kingdom...32.8 89 Chile...32.5 90 Mexico...31.8 91 Paraguay2...31.4 92 South africa...31.3 93 Malawi2...30.9 94 Lao PDR2...30.8 95 Greece...30.3 96 Italy...30.3 97 France...29.7 98 Jamaica...29.4 99 Canada...29.4 100 Madagascar2...28.8 101 El salvador...28.4 102 Philippines...28.0 103 New zealand...28.0 104 Russian Federation...27.8 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. 2...27.8 106 Gambia, The2...27.7 107 Mali2...27.4 108 Nicaragua...26.6 109 China...26.3 110 Yemen2...26.0 111 Guinea2...25.9 112 Dominican republic...25.6 113 India...24.9 114 Senegal2...24.7 115 Tanzania...24.6 116 Kenya2...24.5 117 Venezuela...23.7 118 Turkey...23.6 119 Indonesia...23.6 120 Tajikistan...23.5 121 Burkina Faso2...23.0 122 Guatemala...23.0 123 Peru...23.0 124 Cameroon2...23.0 125 Sri Lanka2...22.1 126 Bangladesh...21.9 127 Armenia...21.9 128 Uruguay...21.5 129 Australia...20.3 130 Argentina...19.8 131 Uganda...19.2 132 Japan...17.5 133 Myanmar1...17.5 134 Egypt...17.4 135 Colombia...16.9 136 Rwanda2...13.4 137 United states...13.3 138 Ethiopia2...12.9 139 Haiti2...12.8 140 Brazil...12.5 141 Pakistan...11.9 142 Nepal...9. 4 143 Burundi2...6. 0 144 Timor-Leste2...1. 0 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP Exports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2013 or most recent year available SOURCES: World trade organization, Online Statistics Database (accessed June 18, 2014; International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 517  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 11 Business sophistication Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 1 Japan...6. 3 2 Germany...5. 6 3 United kingdom...5. 5 4 Malta...5. 5 5 Switzerland...5. 5 6 Malaysia...5. 5 7 Taiwan, China...5. 5 8 United states...5. 5 9 Belgium...5. 4 10 Italy...5. 4 11 United arab emirates...5. 4 12 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 13 Sri lanka...5. 3 14 Turkey...5. 3 15 Austria...5. 3 16 Netherlands...5. 3 17 Qatar...5. 3 18 France...5. 2 19 Kenya...5. 2 20 Lithuania...5. 2 21 Brazil...5. 1 22 Saudi arabia...5. 1 23 Czech republic...5. 1 24 China...5. 1 25 Thailand...5. 0 26 Spain...5. 0 27 Portugal...5. 0 28 Colombia...5. 0 29 Denmark...5. 0 30 Canada...5. 0 31 Poland...5. 0 32 Korea, Rep...5. 0 33 Guatemala...4. 9 34 Zambia...4. 9 35 Mauritius...4. 9 36 Jordan...4. 9 37 Trinidad and tobago...4. 8 38 Indonesia...4. 8 39 Australia...4. 8 40 Yemen...4. 8 41 Vietnam...4. 8 42 El salvador...4. 8 43 Morocco...4. 8 44 Ireland...4. 8 45 Puerto rico...4. 8 46 Nigeria...4. 8 47 South africa...4. 8 48 Tajikistan...4. 8 49 Macedonia, FYR...4. 7 50 Lebanon...4. 7 51 Peru...4. 7 52 Slovak Republic...4. 7 53 Estonia...4. 7 54 Sweden...4. 7 55 Mexico...4. 7 56 Bahrain...4. 7 57 Guyana...4. 7 58 Libya...4. 7 59 Uganda...4. 7 60 Bangladesh...4. 7 61 Dominican republic...4. 7 62 Croatia...4. 7 63 Mali...4. 7 64 Kuwait...4. 7 65 Greece...4. 7 66 Pakistan...4. 7 67 Israel...4. 7 68 Egypt...4. 6 69 Philippines...4. 6 70 Barbados...4. 6 71 Costa rica...4. 6 72 India...4. 6 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 5 7 73 Slovenia...4. 6 74 New zealand...4. 6 75 Tunisia...4. 6 76 Norway...4. 6 77 Cyprus...4. 6 78 Paraguay...4. 6 79 Armenia...4. 5 80 Ukraine...4. 5 81 Chile...4. 5 82 Singapore...4. 5 83 Honduras...4. 5 84 Oman...4. 5 85 Jamaica...4. 5 86 Senegal...4. 5 87 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 5 88 Panama...4. 5 89 Gambia, The...4. 5 90 Azerbaijan...4. 4 91 Russian Federation...4. 4 92 Malawi...4. 4 93 Cameroon...4. 4 94 Madagascar...4. 4 95 Hungary...4. 4 96 Finland...4. 4 97 Sierra leone...4. 4 98 Bulgaria...4. 3 99 Romania...4. 3 100 Suriname...4. 3 101 Lao PDR...4. 3 102 Algeria...4. 3 103 Kazakhstan...4. 2 104 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 2 105 Burkina faso...4. 2 106 Ghana...4. 2 107 Rwanda...4. 2 108 Latvia...4. 2 109 Nepal...4. 2 110 Serbia...4. 1 111 Mozambique...4. 1 112 Montenegro...4. 1 113 Argentina...4. 1 114 Iceland...4. 1 115 Tanzania...4. 1 116 Ethiopia...4. 1 117 Kyrgyz Republic...4. 0 118 Chad...4. 0 119 Seychelles...4. 0 120 Albania...4. 0 121 Luxembourg...4. 0 122 Uruguay...3. 9 123 Moldova...3. 9 124 Cambodia...3. 9 125 Swaziland...3. 9 126 Bhutan...3. 8 127 Mauritania...3. 8 128 Cape verde...3. 8 129 Botswana...3. 8 130 Mongolia...3. 8 131 Guinea...3. 8 132 Namibia...3. 7 133 Zimbabwe...3. 7 134 Bolivia...3. 7 135 Nicaragua...3. 6 136 Lesotho...3. 6 137 Burundi...3. 6 138 Georgia...3. 6 139 Haiti...3. 5 140 Timor-Leste...3. 5 141 Gabon...3. 4 142 Myanmar...3. 2 143 Venezuela...2. 6 144 Angola...2. 4 11.01 Local supplier quantity In your country, how numerous are local suppliers? 1=largely nonexistent; 7=extremely numerous 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 520 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 1 Japan...6. 2 2 Switzerland...6. 1 3 Austria...6. 0 4 Germany...6. 0 5 Belgium...5. 8 6 Netherlands...5. 7 7 Denmark...5. 6 8 United states...5. 6 9 Finland...5. 5 10 Sweden...5. 5 11 Taiwan, China...5. 5 12 Norway...5. 5 13 United kingdom...5. 5 14 Canada...5. 5 15 New zealand...5. 5 16 France...5. 4 17 Luxembourg...5. 4 18 Hong kong SAR...5. 4 19 Puerto rico...5. 4 20 Qatar...5. 4 21 Australia...5. 3 22 Czech republic...5. 3 23 United arab emirates...5. 3 24 Malaysia...5. 2 25 Ireland...5. 2 26 Italy...5. 2 27 Estonia...5. 1 28 Iceland...5. 1 29 Singapore...5. 1 30 Portugal...5. 0 31 Korea, Rep...5. 0 32 Spain...5. 0 33 Sri lanka...5. 0 34 Lithuania...5. 0 35 Guatemala...5. 0 36 Slovenia...4. 9 37 Latvia...4. 9 38 South africa...4. 9 39 Cyprus...4. 9 40 Israel...4. 8 41 Colombia...4. 8 42 Slovak Republic...4. 8 43 Chile...4. 8 44 Poland...4. 8 45 Costa rica...4. 7 46 Mexico...4. 7 47 Kenya...4. 7 48 Barbados...4. 7 49 Turkey...4. 7 50 El salvador...4. 6 51 Croatia...4. 6 52 Malta...4. 6 53 Mauritius...4. 6 54 Brazil...4. 6 55 Guyana...4. 6 56 Bahrain...4. 6 57 Peru...4. 6 58 Tajikistan...4. 6 59 Oman...4. 5 60 Saudi arabia...4. 5 61 Panama...4. 5 62 Thailand...4. 5 63 China...4. 5 64 Jordan...4. 4 65 Philippines...4. 4 66 Greece...4. 4 67 Bulgaria...4. 4 68 Hungary...4. 4 69 Honduras...4. 4 70 Morocco...4. 4 71 Macedonia, FYR...4. 4 72 Dominican republic...4. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 4 7 73 Jamaica...4. 4 74 Senegal...4. 4 75 Indonesia...4. 3 76 Trinidad and tobago...4. 3 77 Gambia, The...4. 3 78 India...4. 2 79 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 2 80 Zambia...4. 2 81 Uruguay...4. 2 82 Namibia...4. 2 83 Ukraine...4. 2 84 Mali...4. 2 85 Burkina faso...4. 1 86 Armenia...4. 1 87 Azerbaijan...4. 1 88 Russian Federation...4. 1 89 Tunisia...4. 1 90 Romania...4. 1 91 Montenegro...4. 1 92 Vietnam...4. 1 93 Lebanon...4. 1 94 Pakistan...4. 1 95 Paraguay...4. 0 96 Rwanda...4. 0 97 Albania...4. 0 98 Serbia...4. 0 99 Nigeria...3. 9 100 Bangladesh...3. 9 101 Madagascar...3. 9 102 Swaziland...3. 9 103 Cameroon...3. 9 104 Lao PDR...3. 9 105 Kuwait...3. 9 106 Egypt...3. 9 107 Ghana...3. 9 108 Kazakhstan...3. 9 109 Seychelles...3. 8 110 Argentina...3. 8 111 Bolivia...3. 8 112 Tanzania...3. 8 113 Moldova...3. 8 114 Bhutan...3. 8 115 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 8 116 Ethiopia...3. 7 117 Cape verde...3. 7 118 Suriname...3. 7 119 Malawi...3. 7 120 Georgia...3. 7 121 Gabon...3. 7 122 Sierra leone...3. 7 123 Mongolia...3. 7 124 Nepal...3. 6 125 Nicaragua...3. 6 126 Zimbabwe...3. 5 127 Cambodia...3. 5 128 Lesotho...3. 5 129 Uganda...3. 5 130 Botswana...3. 5 131 Mozambique...3. 4 132 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 133 Haiti...3. 4 134 Venezuela...3. 3 135 Burundi...3. 3 136 Algeria...3. 3 137 Guinea...3. 1 138 Timor-Leste...3. 0 139 Myanmar...3. 0 140 Yemen...2. 9 141 Mauritania...2. 8 142 Libya...2. 8 143 Chad...2. 7 144 Angola...2. 2 11.02 Local supplier quality In your country, how would you assess the quality of local suppliers? 1=extremely poor quality; 7=extremely high quality 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 521  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Italy...5. 6 2 Taiwan, China...5. 6 3 Germany...5. 5 4 United arab emirates...5. 5 5 United states...5. 4 6 Switzerland...5. 4 7 Netherlands...5. 3 8 Japan...5. 3 9 Malaysia...5. 3 10 United kingdom...5. 2 11 Qatar...5. 2 12 Singapore...5. 1 13 Finland...5. 1 14 Norway...5. 1 15 Hong kong SAR...5. 0 16 Austria...4. 9 17 Luxembourg...4. 9 18 Ireland...4. 8 19 Canada...4. 8 20 Sweden...4. 7 21 Belgium...4. 7 22 Saudi arabia...4. 7 23 Puerto rico...4. 6 24 Brazil...4. 6 25 China...4. 6 26 Indonesia...4. 5 27 India...4. 5 28 Israel...4. 5 29 Jordan...4. 5 30 El salvador...4. 5 31 Korea, Rep...4. 3 32 France...4. 3 33 Bahrain...4. 3 34 Denmark...4. 3 35 Mauritius...4. 3 36 Turkey...4. 3 37 Lao PDR...4. 3 38 Egypt...4. 3 39 Costa rica...4. 2 40 Thailand...4. 2 41 Kenya...4. 2 42 Portugal...4. 2 43 Australia...4. 2 44 South africa...4. 2 45 Mexico...4. 1 46 Zambia...4. 1 47 Czech republic...4. 1 48 Honduras...4. 1 49 Malta...4. 0 50 Cyprus...4. 0 51 Philippines...4. 0 52 Panama...4. 0 53 New zealand...4. 0 54 Oman...4. 0 55 Spain...4. 0 56 Mali...3. 9 57 Guatemala...3. 9 58 Pakistan...3. 9 59 Rwanda...3. 9 60 Iceland...3. 9 61 Chile...3. 9 62 Guyana...3. 9 63 Seychelles...3. 9 64 Cambodia...3. 9 65 Lesotho...3. 9 66 Bangladesh...3. 8 67 Sri lanka...3. 8 68 Namibia...3. 8 69 Slovak Republic...3. 8 70 Romania...3. 8 71 Morocco...3. 8 72 Nigeria...3. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Gambia, The...3. 8 74 Barbados...3. 8 75 Vietnam...3. 8 76 Estonia...3. 7 77 Ghana...3. 7 78 Colombia...3. 7 79 Malawi...3. 7 80 Dominican republic...3. 7 81 Kuwait...3. 7 82 Jamaica...3. 7 83 Bhutan...3. 6 84 Trinidad and tobago...3. 6 85 Mozambique...3. 5 86 Uganda...3. 5 87 Cameroon...3. 5 88 Tunisia...3. 5 89 Lithuania...3. 5 90 Latvia...3. 5 91 Hungary...3. 5 92 Poland...3. 5 93 Uruguay...3. 5 94 Bolivia...3. 5 95 Macedonia, FYR...3. 5 96 Slovenia...3. 4 97 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 4 98 Tanzania...3. 4 99 Azerbaijan...3. 4 100 Swaziland...3. 4 101 Cape verde...3. 4 102 Nepal...3. 3 103 Senegal...3. 3 104 Botswana...3. 3 105 Algeria...3. 3 106 Tajikistan...3. 3 107 Lebanon...3. 3 108 Peru...3. 3 109 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 110 Nicaragua...3. 2 111 Yemen...3. 2 112 Georgia...3. 2 113 Armenia...3. 2 114 Sierra leone...3. 2 115 Serbia...3. 2 116 Kazakhstan...3. 2 117 Croatia...3. 2 118 Russian Federation...3. 1 119 Argentina...3. 1 120 Suriname...3. 1 121 Paraguay...3. 1 122 Montenegro...3. 0 123 Guinea...3. 0 124 Timor-Leste...3. 0 125 Greece...3. 0 126 Albania...3. 0 127 Ethiopia...3. 0 128 Ukraine...3. 0 129 Bulgaria...3. 0 130 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 0 131 Zimbabwe...2. 9 132 Burkina faso...2. 9 133 Madagascar...2. 9 134 Mongolia...2. 8 135 Mauritania...2. 8 136 Chad...2. 8 137 Gabon...2. 8 138 Burundi...2. 7 139 Myanmar...2. 7 140 Libya...2. 7 141 Angola...2. 6 142 Haiti...2. 6 143 Venezuela...2. 4 144 Moldova...2. 4 11.03 State of cluster development In your country, how widespread are developed well and deep clusters (geographic concentrations of firms, suppliers, producers of related products and services, and specialized institutions in a particular field? 1=nonexistent; 7=widespread in many fields 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 522 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 1 Japan...6. 4 2 Switzerland...6. 4 3 Denmark...6. 2 4 Finland...6. 1 5 Belgium...6. 0 6 Italy...6. 0 7 Germany...6. 0 8 Israel...6. 0 9 United kingdom...6. 0 10 Austria...6. 0 11 Netherlands...6. 0 12 Singapore...5. 7 13 Luxembourg...5. 7 14 United states...5. 6 15 Sweden...5. 6 16 Ireland...5. 4 17 Hong kong SAR...5. 3 18 Norway...5. 3 19 Korea, Rep...5. 3 20 France...5. 3 21 Puerto rico...5. 2 22 Taiwan, China...5. 2 23 Qatar...4. 9 24 Barbados...4. 8 25 United arab emirates...4. 8 26 Malaysia...4. 8 27 Seychelles...4. 7 28 Australia...4. 6 29 Costa rica...4. 5 30 Cyprus...4. 4 31 Panama...4. 4 32 Jordan...4. 3 33 Thailand...4. 2 34 Malta...4. 2 35 Canada...4. 2 36 New zealand...4. 1 37 Iceland...4. 1 38 Slovenia...4. 1 39 Mauritius...4. 1 40 Spain...4. 1 41 Jamaica...4. 0 42 Greece...4. 0 43 El salvador...3. 9 44 India...3. 9 45 China...3. 9 46 Czech republic...3. 9 47 Ghana...3. 9 48 Saudi arabia...3. 8 49 Zambia...3. 8 50 Bhutan...3. 8 51 Kenya...3. 8 52 Estonia...3. 8 53 Portugal...3. 8 54 Lebanon...3. 8 55 Sri lanka...3. 7 56 Croatia...3. 7 57 Armenia...3. 7 58 Uruguay...3. 7 59 Oman...3. 7 60 Indonesia...3. 7 61 Bahrain...3. 7 62 South africa...3. 7 63 Latvia...3. 6 64 Mongolia...3. 6 65 Rwanda...3. 6 66 Namibia...3. 5 67 Tajikistan...3. 5 68 Chile...3. 5 69 Lithuania...3. 5 70 Gambia, The...3. 4 71 Guatemala...3. 4 72 Guyana...3. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 73 Colombia...3. 4 74 Senegal...3. 4 75 Russian Federation...3. 4 76 Mexico...3. 4 77 Philippines...3. 4 78 Mali...3. 4 79 Hungary...3. 3 80 Georgia...3. 3 81 Honduras...3. 3 82 Swaziland...3. 3 83 Romania...3. 3 84 Kazakhstan...3. 3 85 Bolivia...3. 3 86 Kuwait...3. 3 87 Lesotho...3. 3 88 Montenegro...3. 3 89 Cape verde...3. 3 90 Timor-Leste...3. 2 91 Tunisia...3. 2 92 Botswana...3. 2 93 Pakistan...3. 2 94 Albania...3. 2 95 Turkey...3. 2 96 Egypt...3. 2 97 Cameroon...3. 2 98 Morocco...3. 2 99 Brazil...3. 2 100 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 1 101 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 1 102 Poland...3. 1 103 Gabon...3. 1 104 Algeria...3. 1 105 Azerbaijan...3. 1 106 Peru...3. 1 107 Ukraine...3. 0 108 Tanzania...3. 0 109 Suriname...3. 0 110 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 0 111 Trinidad and tobago...3. 0 112 Lao PDR...3. 0 113 Nepal...3. 0 114 Slovak Republic...2. 9 115 Dominican republic...2. 9 116 Mauritania...2. 8 117 Nigeria...2. 8 118 Argentina...2. 8 119 Bulgaria...2. 8 120 Malawi...2. 8 121 Uganda...2. 8 122 Burundi...2. 7 123 Cambodia...2. 7 124 Madagascar...2. 7 125 Sierra leone...2. 7 126 Mozambique...2. 7 127 Chad...2. 7 128 Vietnam...2. 6 129 Yemen...2. 6 130 Haiti...2. 6 131 Moldova...2. 6 132 Macedonia, FYR...2. 6 133 Guinea...2. 6 134 Libya...2. 6 135 Angola...2. 6 136 Nicaragua...2. 5 137 Zimbabwe...2. 5 138 Myanmar...2. 4 139 Venezuela...2. 4 140 Ethiopia...2. 4 141 Serbia...2. 4 142 Paraguay...2. 3 143 Bangladesh...2. 1 144 Burkina faso...2. 0 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage What is the competitive advantage of your country†s companies in international markets based upon? 1=low-cost labor or natural resources; 7=unique products and processes 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 523  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 1 Japan...6. 1 2 Germany...5. 9 3 Switzerland...5. 9 4 Austria...5. 5 5 United states...5. 4 6 France...5. 3 7 Sweden...5. 3 8 Netherlands...5. 2 9 Qatar...5. 2 10 Denmark...5. 2 11 Malaysia...5. 2 12 United kingdom...5. 2 13 United arab emirates...5. 1 14 Singapore...5. 0 15 Belgium...5. 0 16 Finland...5. 0 17 Hong kong SAR...5. 0 18 Luxembourg...4. 9 19 Italy...4. 9 20 Ireland...4. 8 21 Taiwan, China...4. 8 22 Korea, Rep...4. 7 23 Spain...4. 7 24 Puerto rico...4. 7 25 Norway...4. 6 26 Mauritius...4. 6 27 Czech republic...4. 6 28 Costa rica...4. 5 29 Israel...4. 4 30 Indonesia...4. 4 31 Saudi arabia...4. 4 32 Malta...4. 4 33 El salvador...4. 4 34 Panama...4. 3 35 Iceland...4. 3 36 Kenya...4. 3 37 China...4. 3 38 Thailand...4. 3 39 Cyprus...4. 2 40 Lithuania...4. 2 41 Mexico...4. 2 42 Guatemala...4. 2 43 India...4. 1 44 Philippines...4. 1 45 Sri lanka...4. 1 46 Jordan...4. 1 47 Canada...4. 0 48 Cameroon...4. 0 49 Chile...4. 0 50 Portugal...4. 0 51 Bahrain...4. 0 52 Barbados...4. 0 53 Poland...4. 0 54 Turkey...4. 0 55 Senegal...4. 0 56 Colombia...3. 9 57 New zealand...3. 9 58 Seychelles...3. 9 59 Zambia...3. 9 60 Morocco...3. 9 61 Ghana...3. 9 62 Honduras...3. 9 63 Oman...3. 9 64 Pakistan...3. 9 65 Dominican republic...3. 9 66 Slovak Republic...3. 9 67 Guyana...3. 9 68 South africa...3. 8 69 Brazil...3. 8 70 Tunisia...3. 8 71 Rwanda...3. 7 72 Macedonia, FYR...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 73 Greece...3. 7 74 Gambia, The...3. 7 75 Azerbaijan...3. 7 76 Jamaica...3. 7 77 Latvia...3. 7 78 Lebanon...3. 7 79 Ukraine...3. 7 80 Slovenia...3. 7 81 Egypt...3. 7 82 Croatia...3. 7 83 Montenegro...3. 7 84 Argentina...3. 7 85 Estonia...3. 6 86 Peru...3. 6 87 Romania...3. 6 88 Uruguay...3. 6 89 Lao PDR...3. 6 90 Trinidad and tobago...3. 6 91 Bolivia...3. 6 92 Nigeria...3. 6 93 Uganda...3. 6 94 Armenia...3. 6 95 Australia...3. 6 96 Russian Federation...3. 5 97 Tajikistan...3. 5 98 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 5 99 Madagascar...3. 5 100 Hungary...3. 5 101 Lesotho...3. 5 102 Tanzania...3. 5 103 Cambodia...3. 4 104 Kuwait...3. 4 105 Moldova...3. 4 106 Georgia...3. 4 107 Bangladesh...3. 3 108 Swaziland...3. 3 109 Kazakhstan...3. 3 110 Bhutan...3. 3 111 Mali...3. 3 112 Vietnam...3. 3 113 Bulgaria...3. 3 114 Cape verde...3. 3 115 Botswana...3. 3 116 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 3 117 Namibia...3. 2 118 Nepal...3. 2 119 Malawi...3. 2 120 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 121 Mongolia...3. 1 122 Myanmar...3. 1 123 Suriname...3. 1 124 Ethiopia...3. 1 125 Chad...3. 1 126 Algeria...3. 1 127 Yemen...3. 1 128 Serbia...3. 1 129 Nicaragua...3. 1 130 Mauritania...3. 1 131 Mozambique...3. 0 132 Burkina faso...3. 0 133 Paraguay...3. 0 134 Sierra leone...3. 0 135 Guinea...2. 9 136 Burundi...2. 9 137 Timor-Leste...2. 9 138 Zimbabwe...2. 9 139 Haiti...2. 9 140 Venezuela...2. 9 141 Gabon...2. 9 142 Albania...2. 7 143 Libya...2. 7 144 Angola...2. 6 11.05 Value chain breadth In your country, do companies have a narrow or broad presence in the value chain? 1=narrow, primarily involved in individual steps of the value chain (e g.,, resource extraction or production; 7=broad, present across the entire value chain (e g.,, including production and marketing, distribution, design, etc. 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 524 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 Japan...5. 6 2 Qatar...5. 5 3 United arab emirates...5. 3 4 Switzerland...5. 3 5 United states...5. 3 6 Germany...5. 2 7 Malaysia...5. 2 8 Iceland...5. 0 9 Austria...5. 0 10 Sweden...4. 9 11 Saudi arabia...4. 9 12 Finland...4. 8 13 Hong kong SAR...4. 8 14 Bahrain...4. 8 15 Kuwait...4. 8 16 Netherlands...4. 7 17 Yemen...4. 7 18 Mauritius...4. 7 19 United kingdom...4. 7 20 Lebanon...4. 7 21 Oman...4. 6 22 Cyprus...4. 6 23 Sri lanka...4. 6 24 France...4. 6 25 Denmark...4. 6 26 Turkey...4. 6 27 Norway...4. 6 28 Taiwan, China...4. 5 29 Korea, Rep...4. 5 30 El salvador...4. 5 31 China...4. 5 32 Canada...4. 5 33 Jordan...4. 5 34 Lithuania...4. 5 35 South africa...4. 4 36 Malta...4. 4 37 Italy...4. 4 38 Indonesia...4. 4 39 Guatemala...4. 4 40 Kenya...4. 4 41 Thailand...4. 4 42 Belgium...4. 4 43 Philippines...4. 4 44 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 4 45 New zealand...4. 3 46 Puerto rico...4. 3 47 Slovenia...4. 3 48 Chile...4. 3 49 Latvia...4. 3 50 India...4. 2 51 Spain...4. 2 52 Israel...4. 2 53 Panama...4. 2 54 Estonia...4. 2 55 Brazil...4. 2 56 Australia...4. 1 57 Singapore...4. 1 58 Trinidad and tobago...4. 1 59 Dominican republic...4. 1 60 Costa rica...4. 1 61 Colombia...4. 1 62 Ethiopia...4. 1 63 Bulgaria...4. 1 64 Luxembourg...4. 1 65 Azerbaijan...4. 1 66 Portugal...4. 0 67 Rwanda...4. 0 68 Tunisia...4. 0 69 Peru...4. 0 70 Barbados...4. 0 71 Ghana...4. 0 72 Greece...4. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 Russian Federation...4. 0 74 Guyana...4. 0 75 Morocco...4. 0 76 Mexico...4. 0 77 Honduras...4. 0 78 Uruguay...3. 9 79 Ireland...3. 9 80 Gambia, The...3. 9 81 Macedonia, FYR...3. 9 82 Ukraine...3. 9 83 Libya...3. 9 84 Bolivia...3. 9 85 Senegal...3. 9 86 Lao PDR...3. 8 87 Albania...3. 8 88 Pakistan...3. 8 89 Montenegro...3. 8 90 Seychelles...3. 8 91 Kazakhstan...3. 8 92 Paraguay...3. 8 93 Zambia...3. 8 94 Argentina...3. 8 95 Armenia...3. 8 96 Croatia...3. 8 97 Romania...3. 8 98 Nigeria...3. 8 99 Georgia...3. 7 100 Uganda...3. 7 101 Zimbabwe...3. 7 102 Tajikistan...3. 7 103 Vietnam...3. 7 104 Hungary...3. 7 105 Suriname...3. 7 106 Jamaica...3. 7 107 Mali...3. 7 108 Moldova...3. 7 109 Poland...3. 6 110 Bhutan...3. 6 111 Namibia...3. 6 112 Bangladesh...3. 6 113 Czech republic...3. 5 114 Swaziland...3. 5 115 Venezuela...3. 5 116 Malawi...3. 5 117 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 5 118 Angola...3. 5 119 Tanzania...3. 5 120 Haiti...3. 5 121 Nicaragua...3. 4 122 Serbia...3. 4 123 Slovak Republic...3. 4 124 Cambodia...3. 4 125 Cameroon...3. 4 126 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 4 127 Algeria...3. 4 128 Madagascar...3. 3 129 Mozambique...3. 3 130 Cape verde...3. 3 131 Egypt...3. 3 132 Nepal...3. 3 133 Lesotho...3. 2 134 Botswana...3. 2 135 Burundi...3. 1 136 Mongolia...3. 1 137 Sierra leone...3. 0 138 Burkina faso...3. 0 139 Myanmar...3. 0 140 Guinea...3. 0 141 Timor-Leste...3. 0 142 Gabon...2. 9 143 Mauritania...2. 8 144 Chad...2. 7 11.06 Control of international distribution To what extent are international distribution and marketing from your country owned and controlled by domestic companies? 1=not at all†they take place through foreign companies; 7=to a great extent†they are owned primarily and controlled by domestic companies 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 525  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 Switzerland...6. 4 2 Japan...6. 4 3 Finland...6. 2 4 Germany...6. 2 5 Netherlands...6. 1 6 Norway...6. 1 7 United states...6. 1 8 Sweden...6. 0 9 Belgium...5. 9 10 Puerto rico...5. 9 11 Austria...5. 9 12 United kingdom...5. 7 13 Ireland...5. 7 14 Denmark...5. 6 15 Singapore...5. 6 16 Luxembourg...5. 6 17 France...5. 5 18 Taiwan, China...5. 5 19 Qatar...5. 4 20 Canada...5. 3 21 Israel...5. 3 22 Hong kong SAR...5. 2 23 Malaysia...5. 2 24 Iceland...5. 2 25 Korea, Rep...5. 2 26 New zealand...5. 2 27 United arab emirates...5. 1 28 Italy...5. 0 29 Australia...4. 9 30 Czech republic...4. 9 31 Saudi arabia...4. 7 32 Costa rica...4. 7 33 Malta...4. 7 34 Spain...4. 6 35 Mauritius...4. 5 36 Turkey...4. 5 37 Indonesia...4. 5 38 South africa...4. 5 39 El salvador...4. 5 40 Portugal...4. 4 41 Lithuania...4. 4 42 Chile...4. 3 43 Bahrain...4. 3 44 Philippines...4. 3 45 Cyprus...4. 3 46 Oman...4. 3 47 Jordan...4. 3 48 Brazil...4. 2 49 Slovak Republic...4. 2 50 Trinidad and tobago...4. 2 51 Thailand...4. 2 52 Panama...4. 2 53 Estonia...4. 2 54 Mexico...4. 1 55 Kenya...4. 1 56 China...4. 1 57 Poland...4. 1 58 Barbados...4. 1 59 Slovenia...4. 1 60 Guatemala...4. 1 61 Azerbaijan...4. 0 62 India...4. 0 63 Sri lanka...4. 0 64 Hungary...3. 9 65 Honduras...3. 9 66 Latvia...3. 9 67 Seychelles...3. 9 68 Ghana...3. 9 69 Senegal...3. 9 70 Guyana...3. 8 71 Albania...3. 8 72 Kazakhstan...3. 8 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 Macedonia, FYR...3. 8 74 Zambia...3. 8 75 Argentina...3. 7 76 Greece...3. 7 77 Colombia...3. 7 78 Uruguay...3. 7 79 Peru...3. 7 80 Jamaica...3. 7 81 Dominican republic...3. 7 82 Romania...3. 7 83 Namibia...3. 7 84 Lebanon...3. 6 85 Swaziland...3. 6 86 Tajikistan...3. 6 87 Pakistan...3. 6 88 Lao PDR...3. 6 89 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 6 90 Bulgaria...3. 6 91 Armenia...3. 5 92 Russian Federation...3. 5 93 Cameroon...3. 5 94 Cape verde...3. 5 95 Ukraine...3. 5 96 Tunisia...3. 5 97 Croatia...3. 5 98 Bolivia...3. 5 99 Kuwait...3. 5 100 Gambia, The...3. 4 101 Mongolia...3. 4 102 Rwanda...3. 4 103 Montenegro...3. 4 104 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 4 105 Morocco...3. 4 106 Nigeria...3. 3 107 Bangladesh...3. 3 108 Gabon...3. 3 109 Botswana...3. 3 110 Madagascar...3. 3 111 Tanzania...3. 2 112 Cambodia...3. 2 113 Bhutan...3. 2 114 Georgia...3. 2 115 Uganda...3. 2 116 Vietnam...3. 2 117 Paraguay...3. 2 118 Suriname...3. 2 119 Nepal...3. 1 120 Egypt...3. 1 121 Nicaragua...3. 1 122 Moldova...3. 1 123 Mozambique...3. 1 124 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 1 125 Lesotho...3. 0 126 Ethiopia...3. 0 127 Malawi...3. 0 128 Mali...3. 0 129 Venezuela...3. 0 130 Yemen...2. 9 131 Algeria...2. 8 132 Sierra leone...2. 8 133 Serbia...2. 8 134 Mauritania...2. 6 135 Zimbabwe...2. 5 136 Myanmar...2. 5 137 Angola...2. 4 138 Burkina faso...2. 4 139 Haiti...2. 4 140 Burundi...2. 4 141 Timor-Leste...2. 4 142 Libya...2. 3 143 Chad...2. 3 144 Guinea...2. 3 11.07 Production process sophistication In your country, how sophisticated are production processes? 1=not at all†production uses labor-intensive processes or old technology; 7=highly†production uses sophisticated and knowledge-intensive processes 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 526 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 1 United states...6. 2 2 United kingdom...6. 1 3 Puerto rico...6. 0 4 Netherlands...5. 9 5 Switzerland...5. 9 6 Sweden...5. 7 7 Germany...5. 6 8 Japan...5. 6 9 United arab emirates...5. 6 10 Norway...5. 6 11 Austria...5. 5 12 Hong kong SAR...5. 5 13 Belgium...5. 5 14 Qatar...5. 5 15 France...5. 5 16 Australia...5. 4 17 Malaysia...5. 3 18 Canada...5. 3 19 Singapore...5. 3 20 Ireland...5. 3 21 Luxembourg...5. 3 22 Taiwan, China...5. 2 23 New zealand...5. 2 24 South africa...5. 2 25 Sri lanka...5. 1 26 Finland...5. 1 27 Denmark...5. 1 28 Iceland...5. 0 29 Israel...5. 0 30 Brazil...4. 9 31 Indonesia...4. 9 32 Cyprus...4. 9 33 El salvador...4. 8 34 Korea, Rep...4. 8 35 Czech republic...4. 8 36 Chile...4. 8 37 Lithuania...4. 8 38 Bahrain...4. 7 39 Spain...4. 7 40 Saudi arabia...4. 7 41 Philippines...4. 7 42 Turkey...4. 6 43 Thailand...4. 6 44 Panama...4. 6 45 Guatemala...4. 6 46 Costa rica...4. 6 47 Slovak Republic...4. 6 48 Mauritius...4. 6 49 Portugal...4. 5 50 Poland...4. 5 51 Malta...4. 5 52 China...4. 5 53 Lebanon...4. 4 54 Estonia...4. 4 55 Jordan...4. 4 56 Barbados...4. 4 57 Latvia...4. 4 58 Dominican republic...4. 4 59 Kenya...4. 4 60 Argentina...4. 3 61 Mexico...4. 3 62 Peru...4. 3 63 Italy...4. 3 64 Russian Federation...4. 3 65 Kazakhstan...4. 3 66 Azerbaijan...4. 3 67 Jamaica...4. 2 68 Mongolia...4. 2 69 Greece...4. 2 70 Trinidad and tobago...4. 2 71 Honduras...4. 2 72 Hungary...4. 2 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 2 7 73 Senegal...4. 1 74 Pakistan...4. 1 75 Zambia...4. 1 76 Slovenia...4. 1 77 Nigeria...4. 1 78 Macedonia, FYR...4. 1 79 Ukraine...4. 1 80 Montenegro...4. 1 81 India...4. 1 82 Lao PDR...4. 0 83 Romania...4. 0 84 Uruguay...4. 0 85 Colombia...4. 0 86 Albania...4. 0 87 Cambodia...4. 0 88 Oman...4. 0 89 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 0 90 Kuwait...4. 0 91 Ghana...4. 0 92 Seychelles...3. 9 93 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 9 94 Croatia...3. 9 95 Gambia, The...3. 9 96 Namibia...3. 9 97 Guyana...3. 9 98 Cameroon...3. 8 99 Moldova...3. 8 100 Tajikistan...3. 8 101 Tunisia...3. 8 102 Bulgaria...3. 8 103 Morocco...3. 8 104 Georgia...3. 7 105 Paraguay...3. 7 106 Mozambique...3. 7 107 Bolivia...3. 7 108 Cape verde...3. 7 109 Armenia...3. 7 110 Botswana...3. 6 111 Swaziland...3. 6 112 Mali...3. 5 113 Bangladesh...3. 5 114 Vietnam...3. 5 115 Nicaragua...3. 5 116 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 5 117 Tanzania...3. 5 118 Egypt...3. 5 119 Uganda...3. 4 120 Venezuela...3. 4 121 Nepal...3. 4 122 Malawi...3. 4 123 Madagascar...3. 4 124 Zimbabwe...3. 4 125 Rwanda...3. 3 126 Lesotho...3. 3 127 Suriname...3. 3 128 Gabon...3. 3 129 Burkina faso...3. 1 130 Bhutan...3. 1 131 Serbia...3. 1 132 Ethiopia...3. 1 133 Myanmar...3. 0 134 Sierra leone...3. 0 135 Angola...2. 9 136 Yemen...2. 9 137 Haiti...2. 9 138 Mauritania...2. 9 139 Algeria...2. 8 140 Guinea...2. 7 141 Timor-Leste...2. 6 142 Burundi...2. 6 143 Libya...2. 5 144 Chad...2. 5 11.08 Extent of marketing In your country, to what extent do sophisticated companies use marketing tools and techniques? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 527  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Denmark...6. 1 2 Norway...6. 0 3 Netherlands...5. 7 4 Sweden...5. 6 5 Finland...5. 6 6 New zealand...5. 5 7 Qatar...5. 3 8 Switzerland...5. 3 9 United states...5. 2 10 Malaysia...5. 2 11 Canada...5. 1 12 Belgium...5. 1 13 United arab emirates...5. 0 14 Luxembourg...5. 0 15 Iceland...5. 0 16 United kingdom...5. 0 17 Australia...4. 9 18 Ireland...4. 9 19 Germany...4. 9 20 Puerto rico...4. 8 21 Japan...4. 7 22 Singapore...4. 7 23 Austria...4. 7 24 Philippines...4. 7 25 Estonia...4. 5 26 Hong kong SAR...4. 5 27 South africa...4. 5 28 Indonesia...4. 5 29 Costa rica...4. 4 30 Saudi arabia...4. 4 31 Jordan...4. 4 32 Taiwan, China...4. 3 33 Israel...4. 2 34 Lao PDR...4. 2 35 Egypt...4. 2 36 Thailand...4. 2 37 Oman...4. 2 38 Kenya...4. 1 39 Kuwait...4. 1 40 Brazil...4. 1 41 El salvador...4. 1 42 Czech republic...4. 1 43 Mauritius...4. 1 44 Guatemala...4. 0 45 Latvia...4. 0 46 Cyprus...4. 0 47 Bahrain...4. 0 48 Zambia...4. 0 49 China...3. 9 50 Gambia, The...3. 9 51 Tajikistan...3. 9 52 France...3. 9 53 Slovenia...3. 9 54 Colombia...3. 9 55 Kazakhstan...3. 9 56 Malta...3. 9 57 India...3. 9 58 Ghana...3. 9 59 Barbados...3. 8 60 Yemen...3. 8 61 Sri lanka...3. 8 62 Poland...3. 8 63 Swaziland...3. 8 64 Korea, Rep...3. 8 65 Rwanda...3. 8 66 Peru...3. 8 67 Lithuania...3. 8 68 Mexico...3. 8 69 Albania...3. 8 70 Guyana...3. 7 71 Seychelles...3. 7 72 Honduras...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Chile...3. 7 74 Panama...3. 7 75 Montenegro...3. 7 76 Dominican republic...3. 7 77 Jamaica...3. 6 78 Namibia...3. 6 79 Azerbaijan...3. 6 80 Portugal...3. 6 81 Russian Federation...3. 6 82 Romania...3. 6 83 Madagascar...3. 6 84 Morocco...3. 6 85 Bhutan...3. 6 86 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 6 87 Malawi...3. 6 88 Turkey...3. 6 89 Senegal...3. 6 90 Nigeria...3. 6 91 Zimbabwe...3. 6 92 Greece...3. 6 93 Bolivia...3. 5 94 Slovak Republic...3. 5 95 Argentina...3. 5 96 Spain...3. 5 97 Trinidad and tobago...3. 5 98 Croatia...3. 4 99 Botswana...3. 4 100 Moldova...3. 4 101 Nicaragua...3. 4 102 Uruguay...3. 4 103 Tunisia...3. 4 104 Cambodia...3. 4 105 Tanzania...3. 4 106 Armenia...3. 4 107 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 4 108 Cameroon...3. 4 109 Ethiopia...3. 4 110 Cape verde...3. 3 111 Sierra leone...3. 3 112 Vietnam...3. 3 113 Macedonia, FYR...3. 3 114 Mali...3. 3 115 Pakistan...3. 3 116 Mongolia...3. 3 117 Venezuela...3. 3 118 Georgia...3. 2 119 Mozambique...3. 2 120 Bulgaria...3. 2 121 Lebanon...3. 2 122 Gabon...3. 2 123 Ukraine...3. 2 124 Uganda...3. 1 125 Algeria...3. 1 126 Myanmar...3. 1 127 Italy...3. 1 128 Libya...3. 1 129 Lesotho...3. 0 130 Timor-Leste...3. 0 131 Suriname...3. 0 132 Paraguay...3. 0 133 Hungary...3. 0 134 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 9 135 Nepal...2. 9 136 Serbia...2. 9 137 Burundi...2. 8 138 Bangladesh...2. 6 139 Haiti...2. 6 140 Chad...2. 4 141 Mauritania...2. 4 142 Angola...2. 4 143 Guinea...2. 3 144 Burkina faso...2. 1 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority In your country, how do you assess the willingness to delegate authority to subordinates? 1=not willing at all†senior management takes all important decisions; 7 =very willing†authority is delegated mostly to business unit heads and other lower-level managers 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 528 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 12 Innovation Data Tables  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 1 Switzerland...5. 9 2 United states...5. 9 3 Israel...5. 8 4 Germany...5. 6 5 Finland...5. 6 6 Sweden...5. 5 7 Japan...5. 4 8 Denmark...5. 3 9 Luxembourg...5. 3 10 United kingdom...5. 3 11 Netherlands...5. 2 12 Qatar...5. 2 13 Malaysia...5. 2 14 Belgium...5. 2 15 New zealand...5. 1 16 Norway...5. 0 17 Ireland...5. 0 18 Singapore...5. 0 19 Austria...5. 0 20 Puerto rico...4. 9 21 France...4. 8 22 Indonesia...4. 8 23 Taiwan, China...4. 8 24 Korea, Rep...4. 7 25 United arab emirates...4. 7 26 Canada...4. 6 27 Australia...4. 6 28 Czech republic...4. 6 29 Sri lanka...4. 6 30 Philippines...4. 5 31 Estonia...4. 5 32 Hong kong SAR...4. 5 33 Kenya...4. 5 34 El salvador...4. 4 35 South africa...4. 3 36 Costa rica...4. 3 37 Portugal...4. 3 38 Lithuania...4. 3 39 Italy...4. 3 40 China...4. 2 41 Guatemala...4. 2 42 Panama...4. 2 43 Azerbaijan...4. 1 44 Brazil...4. 1 45 Zambia...4. 1 46 Iceland...4. 0 47 Malta...4. 0 48 India...4. 0 49 Ghana...4. 0 50 Mauritius...4. 0 51 Pakistan...4. 0 52 Honduras...4. 0 53 Jamaica...4. 0 54 Lebanon...4. 0 55 Saudi arabia...4. 0 56 Senegal...3. 9 57 Barbados...3. 9 58 Jordan...3. 9 59 Seychelles...3. 9 60 Spain...3. 8 61 Guyana...3. 8 62 Tajikistan...3. 8 63 Cyprus...3. 8 64 Cameroon...3. 8 65 Bahrain...3. 8 66 Russian Federation...3. 8 67 Poland...3. 8 68 Romania...3. 7 69 Kazakhstan...3. 7 70 Thailand...3. 7 71 Lao PDR...3. 7 72 Mexico...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 9 7 73 Nigeria...3. 7 74 Dominican republic...3. 7 75 Slovenia...3. 7 76 Chile...3. 7 77 Turkey...3. 7 78 Gambia, The...3. 7 79 Namibia...3. 7 80 Argentina...3. 7 81 Latvia...3. 6 82 Ukraine...3. 6 83 Madagascar...3. 6 84 Montenegro...3. 6 85 Colombia...3. 5 86 Rwanda...3. 5 87 Uruguay...3. 5 88 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 5 89 Slovak Republic...3. 5 90 Uganda...3. 5 91 Macedonia, FYR...3. 5 92 Bolivia...3. 5 93 Swaziland...3. 5 94 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 5 95 Vietnam...3. 5 96 Bhutan...3. 5 97 Cape verde...3. 5 98 Armenia...3. 5 99 Burkina faso...3. 4 100 Peru...3. 4 101 Cambodia...3. 4 102 Tanzania...3. 4 103 Oman...3. 4 104 Mongolia...3. 3 105 Trinidad and tobago...3. 3 106 Botswana...3. 3 107 Tunisia...3. 3 108 Bulgaria...3. 3 109 Greece...3. 3 110 Georgia...3. 3 111 Kyrgyz Republic...3. 3 112 Mali...3. 3 113 Bangladesh...3. 2 114 Mozambique...3. 2 115 Albania...3. 2 116 Malawi...3. 2 117 Sierra leone...3. 2 118 Morocco...3. 2 119 Nicaragua...3. 2 120 Paraguay...3. 1 121 Zimbabwe...3. 1 122 Lesotho...3. 1 123 Nepal...3. 1 124 Croatia...3. 1 125 Suriname...3. 1 126 Gabon...3. 1 127 Hungary...3. 0 128 Moldova...3. 0 129 Kuwait...3. 0 130 Serbia...3. 0 131 Mauritania...2. 9 132 Egypt...2. 9 133 Timor-Leste...2. 9 134 Ethiopia...2. 9 135 Yemen...2. 9 136 Haiti...2. 9 137 Myanmar...2. 9 138 Venezuela...2. 8 139 Chad...2. 8 140 Burundi...2. 8 141 Guinea...2. 7 142 Angola...2. 7 143 Algeria...2. 7 144 Libya...2. 5 12.01 Capacity for innovation In your country, to what extent do companies have the capacity to innovate? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 530 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 1 Switzerland...6. 4 2 United kingdom...6. 3 3 Israel...6. 3 4 United states...6. 1 5 Belgium...6. 1 6 Netherlands...5. 9 7 Japan...5. 8 8 Germany...5. 8 9 Australia...5. 8 10 Finland...5. 7 11 Singapore...5. 6 12 France...5. 6 13 Ireland...5. 5 14 Sweden...5. 5 15 Canada...5. 5 16 Qatar...5. 4 17 Denmark...5. 4 18 Portugal...5. 4 19 New zealand...5. 3 20 Malaysia...5. 2 21 Norway...5. 2 22 Taiwan, China...5. 2 23 Hungary...5. 1 24 Austria...5. 0 25 Estonia...5. 0 26 Luxembourg...5. 0 27 Korea, Rep...5. 0 28 Lithuania...4. 8 29 Iceland...4. 8 30 United arab emirates...4. 8 31 Costa rica...4. 8 32 Hong kong SAR...4. 8 33 Slovenia...4. 7 34 South africa...4. 7 35 Puerto rico...4. 7 36 Czech republic...4. 5 37 Spain...4. 5 38 Italy...4. 5 39 China...4. 3 40 Cyprus...4. 3 41 Indonesia...4. 3 42 Kenya...4. 2 43 Latvia...4. 2 44 Saudi arabia...4. 2 45 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 1 46 Panama...4. 1 47 Sri lanka...4. 1 48 Argentina...4. 1 49 Jamaica...4. 1 50 Brazil...4. 0 51 Chile...4. 0 52 India...4. 0 53 Croatia...4. 0 54 Barbados...4. 0 55 Romania...4. 0 56 Russian Federation...4. 0 57 Jordan...3. 9 58 Mexico...3. 9 59 Malta...3. 9 60 Montenegro...3. 9 61 Thailand...3. 9 62 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 9 63 Poland...3. 9 64 Turkey...3. 9 65 Slovak Republic...3. 9 66 Senegal...3. 9 67 Ukraine...3. 8 68 Guyana...3. 8 69 Serbia...3. 7 70 Greece...3. 7 71 Macedonia, FYR...3. 7 72 Rwanda...3. 7 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 8 7 73 Ghana...3. 7 74 Uruguay...3. 7 75 Philippines...3. 6 76 Seychelles...3. 6 77 El salvador...3. 6 78 Uganda...3. 6 79 Mali...3. 6 80 Tanzania...3. 6 81 Bulgaria...3. 5 82 Colombia...3. 5 83 Cameroon...3. 5 84 Namibia...3. 5 85 Morocco...3. 5 86 Lao PDR...3. 5 87 Azerbaijan...3. 4 88 Tajikistan...3. 4 89 Zambia...3. 4 90 Burkina faso...3. 4 91 Mauritius...3. 4 92 Oman...3. 4 93 Trinidad and tobago...3. 4 94 Pakistan...3. 4 95 Gambia, The...3. 3 96 Vietnam...3. 3 97 Honduras...3. 3 98 Gabon...3. 2 99 Kazakhstan...3. 2 100 Botswana...3. 2 101 Bolivia...3. 2 102 Bahrain...3. 2 103 Kuwait...3. 2 104 Madagascar...3. 2 105 Armenia...3. 1 106 Ethiopia...3. 1 107 Mongolia...3. 1 108 Cape verde...3. 1 109 Tunisia...3. 1 110 Malawi...3. 1 111 Guatemala...3. 0 112 Zimbabwe...3. 0 113 Dominican republic...2. 9 114 Lesotho...2. 9 115 Mozambique...2. 9 116 Swaziland...2. 9 117 Peru...2. 9 118 Cambodia...2. 9 119 Georgia...2. 8 120 Nigeria...2. 8 121 Moldova...2. 7 122 Bangladesh...2. 7 123 Nicaragua...2. 7 124 Mauritania...2. 7 125 Bhutan...2. 7 126 Suriname...2. 6 127 Algeria...2. 6 128 Lebanon...2. 6 129 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 130 Albania...2. 6 131 Nepal...2. 6 132 Venezuela...2. 5 133 Sierra leone...2. 5 134 Burundi...2. 4 135 Egypt...2. 4 136 Myanmar...2. 3 137 Guinea...2. 3 138 Timor-Leste...2. 3 139 Chad...2. 2 140 Haiti...2. 2 141 Paraguay...2. 2 142 Angola...1. 9 143 Libya...1. 7 144 Yemen...1. 7 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions In your country, how would you assess the quality of scientific research institutions? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=extremely good†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 531  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 3 7 1 Switzerland...5. 9 2 Japan...5. 8 3 Finland...5. 7 4 United states...5. 5 5 Germany...5. 5 6 Sweden...5. 4 7 Israel...5. 3 8 Qatar...5. 0 9 Malaysia...4. 9 10 Singapore...4. 8 11 Belgium...4. 8 12 Austria...4. 8 13 Denmark...4. 8 14 United kingdom...4. 8 15 France...4. 7 16 Luxembourg...4. 7 17 Netherlands...4. 7 18 Taiwan, China...4. 6 19 Ireland...4. 6 20 Korea, Rep...4. 5 21 Norway...4. 5 22 United arab emirates...4. 3 23 China...4. 3 24 Indonesia...4. 0 25 El salvador...4. 0 26 Hong kong SAR...3. 9 27 Canada...3. 9 28 Kenya...3. 8 29 New zealand...3. 8 30 India...3. 8 31 Czech republic...3. 7 32 Iceland...3. 7 33 Guyana...3. 7 34 Panama...3. 7 35 Italy...3. 6 36 Estonia...3. 6 37 Saudi arabia...3. 6 38 Portugal...3. 6 39 Australia...3. 6 40 Costa rica...3. 6 41 Bolivia...3. 5 42 Philippines...3. 5 43 Brazil...3. 5 44 Ghana...3. 5 45 Jordan...3. 5 46 Cyprus...3. 5 47 Puerto rico...3. 5 48 South africa...3. 4 49 Zambia...3. 4 50 Sri lanka...3. 3 51 Lao PDR...3. 3 52 Spain...3. 3 53 Cameroon...3. 3 54 Mauritius...3. 3 55 Malta...3. 3 56 Thailand...3. 2 57 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 2 58 Senegal...3. 2 59 Honduras...3. 2 60 Azerbaijan...3. 2 61 Montenegro...3. 2 62 Russian Federation...3. 2 63 Vietnam...3. 2 64 Seychelles...3. 1 65 Romania...3. 1 66 Ukraine...3. 1 67 Macedonia, FYR...3. 1 68 Kazakhstan...3. 1 69 Namibia...3. 1 70 Lithuania...3. 1 71 Mexico...3. 1 72 Slovenia...3. 1 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 3 7 73 Albania...3. 1 74 Latvia...3. 1 75 Croatia...3. 1 76 Guatemala...3. 1 77 Chile...3. 1 78 Slovak Republic...3. 1 79 Cambodia...3. 1 80 Mongolia...3. 0 81 Uruguay...3. 0 82 Barbados...3. 0 83 Jamaica...3. 0 84 Colombia...3. 0 85 Bahrain...3. 0 86 Tanzania...3. 0 87 Oman...3. 0 88 Madagascar...2. 9 89 Turkey...2. 9 90 Gambia, The...2. 9 91 Bhutan...2. 9 92 Lesotho...2. 9 93 Pakistan...2. 9 94 Rwanda...2. 9 95 Tunisia...2. 9 96 Hungary...2. 9 97 Uganda...2. 9 98 Poland...2. 8 99 Mali...2. 8 100 Bulgaria...2. 8 101 Tajikistan...2. 8 102 Armenia...2. 8 103 Argentina...2. 8 104 Swaziland...2. 8 105 Malawi...2. 8 106 Nigeria...2. 8 107 Cape verde...2. 8 108 Dominican republic...2. 8 109 Mauritania...2. 7 110 Iran, Islamic Rep...2. 7 111 Suriname...2. 6 112 Morocco...2. 6 113 Mozambique...2. 6 114 Greece...2. 6 115 Nicaragua...2. 6 116 Nepal...2. 6 117 Trinidad and tobago...2. 6 118 Botswana...2. 6 119 Peru...2. 6 120 Kuwait...2. 6 121 Paraguay...2. 6 122 Ethiopia...2. 6 123 Venezuela...2. 5 124 Sierra leone...2. 5 125 Serbia...2. 5 126 Georgia...2. 4 127 Lebanon...2. 3 128 Burkina faso...2. 3 129 Zimbabwe...2. 3 130 Timor-Leste...2. 3 131 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 3 132 Gabon...2. 3 133 Egypt...2. 3 134 Bangladesh...2. 3 135 Moldova...2. 3 136 Chad...2. 2 137 Burundi...2. 2 138 Algeria...2. 2 139 Haiti...2. 2 140 Myanmar...2. 2 141 Angola...2. 1 142 Guinea...2. 0 143 Yemen...2. 0 144 Libya...1. 8 12.03 Company spending on R&d In your country, to what extent do companies spend on research and development (R&d? 1=do not spend on R&d; 7=spend heavily on R&d 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 532 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 1 Finland...6. 0 2 United states...5. 8 3 Switzerland...5. 8 4 United kingdom...5. 7 5 Singapore...5. 6 6 Belgium...5. 6 7 Israel...5. 5 8 Qatar...5. 4 9 Netherlands...5. 4 10 Germany...5. 3 11 Sweden...5. 3 12 Malaysia...5. 3 13 Ireland...5. 2 14 Taiwan, China...5. 1 15 Norway...5. 0 16 Japan...5. 0 17 New zealand...4. 9 18 Luxembourg...4. 9 19 Canada...4. 9 20 Denmark...4. 9 21 Australia...4. 8 22 United arab emirates...4. 7 23 Portugal...4. 7 24 Austria...4. 7 25 Iceland...4. 6 26 Korea, Rep...4. 6 27 Lithuania...4. 6 28 Hong kong SAR...4. 6 29 France...4. 6 30 Indonesia...4. 5 31 South africa...4. 5 32 China...4. 4 33 Costa rica...4. 4 34 Estonia...4. 4 35 Hungary...4. 3 36 Puerto rico...4. 2 37 Kenya...4. 2 38 Saudi arabia...4. 2 39 Chile...4. 2 40 Cyprus...4. 2 41 Panama...4. 0 42 Czech republic...4. 0 43 Barbados...4. 0 44 Mexico...4. 0 45 Slovenia...4. 0 46 Thailand...4. 0 47 Montenegro...3. 9 48 Honduras...3. 9 49 Colombia...3. 9 50 India...3. 9 51 Malta...3. 9 52 Jordan...3. 8 53 El salvador...3. 8 54 Brazil...3. 8 55 Philippines...3. 8 56 Jamaica...3. 8 57 Spain...3. 8 58 Guyana...3. 8 59 Italy...3. 7 60 Macedonia, FYR...3. 7 61 Turkey...3. 7 62 Uganda...3. 7 63 Latvia...3. 7 64 Rwanda...3. 7 65 Senegal...3. 6 66 Argentina...3. 6 67 Russian Federation...3. 6 68 Guatemala...3. 6 69 Oman...3. 6 70 Uruguay...3. 6 71 Romania...3. 6 72 Bolivia...3. 5 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 7 7 73 Poland...3. 5 74 Ukraine...3. 5 75 Zambia...3. 5 76 Lao PDR...3. 5 77 Ghana...3. 5 78 Ethiopia...3. 5 79 Namibia...3. 5 80 Seychelles...3. 4 81 Croatia...3. 4 82 Cameroon...3. 4 83 Tanzania...3. 4 84 Slovak Republic...3. 4 85 Swaziland...3. 3 86 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 3 87 Gambia, The...3. 3 88 Kazakhstan...3. 3 89 Mozambique...3. 3 90 Bahrain...3. 3 91 Tajikistan...3. 3 92 Vietnam...3. 3 93 Madagascar...3. 3 94 Dominican republic...3. 3 95 Serbia...3. 2 96 Morocco...3. 2 97 Cape verde...3. 2 98 Pakistan...3. 2 99 Lesotho...3. 2 100 Mali...3. 2 101 Mauritius...3. 2 102 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 103 Burkina faso...3. 2 104 Azerbaijan...3. 2 105 Botswana...3. 1 106 Trinidad and tobago...3. 1 107 Venezuela...3. 1 108 Kuwait...3. 1 109 Peru...3. 1 110 Sri lanka...3. 1 111 Greece...3. 1 112 Armenia...3. 1 113 Bulgaria...3. 0 114 Mongolia...3. 0 115 Cambodia...3. 0 116 Nicaragua...3. 0 117 Tunisia...2. 9 118 Lebanon...2. 9 119 Suriname...2. 9 120 Malawi...2. 8 121 Zimbabwe...2. 8 122 Burundi...2. 8 123 Nigeria...2. 8 124 Moldova...2. 7 125 Paraguay...2. 7 126 Bhutan...2. 7 127 Nepal...2. 6 128 Georgia...2. 6 129 Gabon...2. 6 130 Timor-Leste...2. 6 131 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 132 Bangladesh...2. 6 133 Egypt...2. 4 134 Sierra leone...2. 4 135 Albania...2. 3 136 Haiti...2. 3 137 Algeria...2. 3 138 Myanmar...2. 2 139 Chad...2. 2 140 Guinea...2. 2 141 Mauritania...2. 0 142 Angola...2. 0 143 Yemen...2. 0 144 Libya...1. 7 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d In your country, to what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&d)? 1=do not collaborate at all; 7=collaborate extensively 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 533  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 1 Qatar...5. 7 2 United arab emirates...5. 4 3 Malaysia...5. 2 4 Singapore...5. 1 5 Rwanda...4. 8 6 Luxembourg...4. 6 7 Saudi arabia...4. 6 8 United states...4. 4 9 Israel...4. 3 10 China...4. 3 11 Panama...4. 3 12 Oman...4. 2 13 Indonesia...4. 2 14 Norway...4. 2 15 Estonia...4. 2 16 Germany...4. 2 17 Turkey...4. 2 18 Azerbaijan...4. 2 19 Malta...4. 2 20 Korea, Rep...4. 1 21 Japan...4. 1 22 Finland...4. 1 23 Bahrain...4. 1 24 Taiwan, China...4. 1 25 Zambia...4. 0 26 Sweden...4. 0 27 Senegal...4. 0 28 Netherlands...4. 0 29 El salvador...4. 0 30 Hong kong SAR...4. 0 31 Switzerland...4. 0 32 Gambia, The...3. 9 33 Tajikistan...3. 9 34 Vietnam...3. 9 35 Jordan...3. 9 36 Cape verde...3. 9 37 Sri lanka...3. 8 38 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...3. 8 39 Guyana...3. 8 40 Chile...3. 8 41 Cameroon...3. 8 42 Portugal...3. 8 43 France...3. 8 44 United kingdom...3. 7 45 Botswana...3. 7 46 Seychelles...3. 7 47 Bhutan...3. 7 48 Canada...3. 7 49 Kenya...3. 7 50 Colombia...3. 7 51 Lao PDR...3. 7 52 Ethiopia...3. 7 53 Philippines...3. 7 54 Austria...3. 7 55 Cyprus...3. 7 56 Macedonia, FYR...3. 6 57 Montenegro...3. 6 58 Mali...3. 6 59 Dominican republic...3. 6 60 Iceland...3. 6 61 India...3. 5 62 Ireland...3. 5 63 Belgium...3. 5 64 Bolivia...3. 5 65 Ghana...3. 5 66 Mauritius...3. 5 67 Costa rica...3. 5 68 Honduras...3. 5 69 Georgia...3. 5 70 Albania...3. 5 71 New zealand...3. 4 72 Uganda...3. 4 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 3. 5 7 73 Australia...3. 4 74 Kazakhstan...3. 4 75 Romania...3. 4 76 Mexico...3. 4 77 Brazil...3. 4 78 Morocco...3. 4 79 Uruguay...3. 4 80 Denmark...3. 3 81 Russian Federation...3. 3 82 Namibia...3. 3 83 Madagascar...3. 3 84 Tanzania...3. 3 85 Gabon...3. 3 86 Mozambique...3. 3 87 Swaziland...3. 3 88 Barbados...3. 2 89 Poland...3. 2 90 Timor-Leste...3. 2 91 Iran, Islamic Rep...3. 2 92 Latvia...3. 2 93 Mongolia...3. 2 94 Sierra leone...3. 2 95 Hungary...3. 2 96 Burkina faso...3. 2 97 Bulgaria...3. 2 98 Pakistan...3. 1 99 Algeria...3. 1 100 Puerto rico...3. 1 101 Lithuania...3. 1 102 Spain...3. 1 103 Tunisia...3. 1 104 Cambodia...3. 1 105 Peru...3. 0 106 Lesotho...3. 0 107 Czech republic...3. 0 108 Slovenia...3. 0 109 Nigeria...3. 0 110 Malawi...3. 0 111 Guatemala...3. 0 112 South africa...3. 0 113 Egypt...3. 0 114 Thailand...2. 9 115 Jamaica...2. 9 116 Suriname...2. 9 117 Slovak Republic...2. 9 118 Trinidad and tobago...2. 9 119 Kuwait...2. 9 120 Nicaragua...2. 9 121 Armenia...2. 9 122 Serbia...2. 9 123 Ukraine...2. 9 124 Paraguay...2. 9 125 Nepal...2. 8 126 Mauritania...2. 8 127 Moldova...2. 7 128 Burundi...2. 7 129 Croatia...2. 7 130 Italy...2. 6 131 Guinea...2. 6 132 Haiti...2. 6 133 Chad...2. 6 134 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 6 135 Angola...2. 6 136 Greece...2. 6 137 Argentina...2. 5 138 Bangladesh...2. 5 139 Myanmar...2. 5 140 Zimbabwe...2. 4 141 Yemen...2. 1 142 Lebanon...2. 0 143 Libya...1. 9 144 Venezuela...1. 9 12.05 Government procurement of advanced technology products In your country, to what extent do government purchasing decisions foster innovation? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables 534 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 1 Finland...6. 2 2 Qatar...5. 6 3 Japan...5. 4 4 Greece...5. 4 5 United states...5. 3 6 Puerto rico...5. 3 7 United arab emirates...5. 2 8 Portugal...5. 2 9 Malaysia...5. 2 10 Israel...5. 2 11 Spain...5. 2 12 Canada...5. 1 13 Jordan...5. 0 14 Taiwan, China...5. 0 15 Ireland...5. 0 16 Singapore...4. 9 17 Cyprus...4. 9 18 Germany...4. 9 19 Sweden...4. 9 20 Sri lanka...4. 9 21 France...4. 8 22 United kingdom...4. 8 23 Italy...4. 8 24 Switzerland...4. 8 25 Costa rica...4. 8 26 Tunisia...4. 7 27 Australia...4. 7 28 Lebanon...4. 6 29 Chile...4. 6 30 Netherlands...4. 6 31 Indonesia...4. 6 32 Denmark...4. 6 33 Iceland...4. 6 34 Morocco...4. 6 35 Norway...4. 5 36 Hong kong SAR...4. 5 37 Belgium...4. 5 38 Madagascar...4. 4 39 Trinidad and tobago...4. 4 40 New zealand...4. 4 41 Egypt...4. 4 42 Korea, Rep...4. 4 43 China...4. 4 44 Kenya...4. 4 45 India...4. 4 46 Iran, Islamic Rep...4. 4 47 Saudi arabia...4. 4 48 Ukraine...4. 3 49 Pakistan...4. 3 50 Mali...4. 3 51 Zambia...4. 3 52 Luxembourg...4. 3 53 Austria...4. 3 54 Thailand...4. 3 55 Czech republic...4. 2 56 Hungary...4. 2 57 Malta...4. 2 58 Bahrain...4. 2 59 Turkey...4. 2 60 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...4. 2 61 Algeria...4. 2 62 Poland...4. 2 63 Azerbaijan...4. 2 64 Cameroon...4. 1 65 Guyana...4. 1 66 Barbados...4. 1 67 Lithuania...4. 1 68 Senegal...4. 1 69 Montenegro...4. 1 70 Russian Federation...4. 1 71 Philippines...4. 0 72 Romania...4. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN 4. 0 7 73 Mongolia...4. 0 74 Rwanda...4. 0 75 Armenia...4. 0 76 Slovak Republic...4. 0 77 Kuwait...4. 0 78 Mexico...3. 9 79 Croatia...3. 9 80 Slovenia...3. 9 81 Macedonia, FYR...3. 9 82 Serbia...3. 9 83 Kazakhstan...3. 9 84 Panama...3. 9 85 Colombia...3. 8 86 Argentina...3. 8 87 Vietnam...3. 8 88 Bangladesh...3. 8 89 Nigeria...3. 8 90 Tajikistan...3. 7 91 El salvador...3. 7 92 Oman...3. 7 93 Mauritius...3. 7 94 Bolivia...3. 6 95 Ghana...3. 6 96 Bulgaria...3. 6 97 Lesotho...3. 6 98 Tanzania...3. 6 99 Zimbabwe...3. 6 100 Honduras...3. 6 101 Guatemala...3. 6 102 South africa...3. 5 103 Malawi...3. 5 104 Estonia...3. 5 105 Uganda...3. 5 106 Latvia...3. 5 107 Burkina faso...3. 5 108 Jamaica...3. 5 109 Nepal...3. 5 110 Albania...3. 4 111 Uruguay...3. 4 112 Cape verde...3. 3 113 Peru...3. 3 114 Brazil...3. 3 115 Dominican republic...3. 3 116 Burundi...3. 3 117 Ethiopia...3. 3 118 Venezuela...3. 3 119 Libya...3. 3 120 Botswana...3. 2 121 Gabon...3. 2 122 Georgia...3. 2 123 Cambodia...3. 2 124 Chad...3. 2 125 Nicaragua...3. 1 126 Yemen...3. 1 127 Lao PDR...3. 1 128 Moldova...3. 1 129 Gambia, The...3. 1 130 Namibia...3. 0 131 Myanmar...3. 0 132 Mozambique...3. 0 133 Suriname...3. 0 134 Sierra leone...3. 0 135 Bhutan...3. 0 136 Kyrgyz Republic...2. 9 137 Guinea...2. 9 138 Haiti...2. 9 139 Mauritania...2. 9 140 Seychelles...2. 8 141 Swaziland...2. 7 142 Paraguay...2. 6 143 Timor-Leste...2. 6 144 Angola...2. 5 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers In your country, to what extent are scientists and engineers available? 1=not at all; 7=widely available 2013†14 weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 535  2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Switzerland...315.0 2 Japan...308.2 3 Sweden...300.8 4 Finland...286.7 5 Israel...230.0 6 Germany...226.9 7 Denmark...214.8 8 Korea, Rep...201.5 9 Netherlands...192.6 10 Austria...166.3 11 United states...149.8 12 Norway...138.7 13 Singapore...125.2 14 Luxembourg...118.6 15 France...118.1 16 Belgium...113.3 17 Iceland...91.4 18 United kingdom...89.1 19 Canada...84.8 20 Ireland...82.6 21 Australia...78.4 22 New zealand...73.9 23 Slovenia...63.0 24 Italy...53.8 25 Barbados...40.6 26 Spain...39.6 27 Estonia...32.7 28 Seychelles...30.2 29 Hungary...25.0 30 Czech republic...15.8 31 Portugal...13.0 32 Malaysia...12.6 33 Cyprus...12.0 34 China...11.7 35 Malta...10.2 36 Croatia...10.0 37 Latvia...9. 2 38 Slovak Republic...9. 2 39 Greece...7. 6 40 Poland...7. 1 41 Russian Federation...7. 1 42 Turkey...6. 8 43 Chile...6. 7 44 Saudi arabia...6. 7 45 South africa...6. 5 46 Qatar...6. 4 47 Lithuania...6. 1 48 Bulgaria...5. 1 49 United arab emirates...5. 0 50 Brazil...3. 2 51 Montenegro...3. 2 52 Ukraine...3. 2 53 Armenia...3. 2 54 Uruguay...2. 4 55 Serbia...2. 3 56 Romania...2. 2 57 Puerto rico...2. 1 58 Mexico...1. 8 59 Namibia...1. 7 60 Lebanon...1. 7 61 India...1. 5 62 Panama...1. 4 63 Argentina...1. 4 64 Costa rica...1. 3 65 Georgia...1. 3 66 Colombia...1. 2 67 Thailand...1. 2 68 Tunisia...1. 2 69 Bahrain...1. 1 70 Kazakhstan...1. 0 71 Oman...1. 0 72 Trinidad and tobago...1. 0 RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 73 Moldova...0. 8 74 Jamaica...0. 6 75 Azerbaijan...0. 6 76 Sri lanka...0. 6 77 Egypt...0. 6 78 Morocco...0. 5 79 Kuwait...0. 5 80 Dominican republic...0. 5 81 Suriname...0. 5 82 Jordan...0. 5 83 Bhutan...0. 4 84 Albania...0. 4 85 Gabon...0. 3 86 Philippines...0. 3 87 Mongolia...0. 3 88 Timor-Leste...0. 3 89 Peru...0. 3 90 Venezuela...0. 3 91 Macedonia, FYR...0. 2 92 Swaziland...0. 2 93 Vietnam...0. 2 94 Mauritius...0. 2 95 Kenya...0. 2 96 Botswana...0. 2 97 Algeria...0. 2 98 Zimbabwe...0. 1 99 Kyrgyz Republic...0. 1 100 Paraguay...0. 1 101 Nicaragua...0. 1 102 Bolivia...0. 1 103 Guatemala...0. 1 104 Senegal...0. 1 105 Iran, Islamic Rep...0. 1 106 Indonesia...0. 1 107 Cameroon...0. 1 108 Ghana...0. 0 109 Madagascar...0. 0 110 CÃ'te d†Ivoire...0. 0 111 Sierra leone...0. 0 112 Uganda...0. 0 113 Burkina faso...0. 0 114 Pakistan...0. 0 115 Lao PDR...0. 0 116 Tanzania...0. 0 117 Nigeria...0. 0 118 Nepal...0. 0 119 Angola...0. 0 120 Bangladesh...0. 0 121 El salvador...0. 0 122 Malawi...0. 0 123 Ethiopia...0. 0 124 Burundi...0. 0 124 Cambodia...0. 0 124 Cape verde...0. 0 124 Chad...0. 0 124 Gambia, The...0. 0 124 Guinea...0. 0 124 Guyana...0. 0 124 Haiti...0. 0 124 Honduras...0. 0 124 Lesotho...0. 0 124 Libya...0. 0 124 Mali...0. 0 124 Mauritania...0. 0 124 Mozambique...0. 0 124 Myanmar...0. 0 124 Rwanda...0. 0 124 Tajikistan...0. 0 124 Yemen...0. 0 124 Zambia...0. 0 n/a Hong kong SAR...n/a n/a Taiwan, China...n/a 12.07 PCT patent applications Number of applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) per million population 2010†11 average SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Patent Database,(situation as of June 2014; For population: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World Economic Forum†s calculations. For more details about the treatment of Hong kong SAR and Taiwan (China), refer to the section â€oetechnical Notes and Sources†2. 2: Data Tables 536 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 537 This section complements the Data Tables by providing additional information for all indicators used in the computation of the Global Competitiveness Index as well as for additional key indicators. In the case of indicators derived from the Executive Opinion Survey the Survey), the full question and associated answers are provided. For more details on Survey indicators refer to Chapter 1. 3. Indicators that are derived not from the Survey are sourced from international agencies and national authorities. They represent the best available estimates at the time the Report was prepared. It is possible that some data will have been updated or revised after publication Key indicators 0. 01 Gross domestic product Gross domestic product in billions of current US dollars 2013 Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 0. 02 Population Total population in millions 2013 Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 0. 03 GDP per capita Gross domestic product per capita in current US dollars 2013 Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 0. 04 GDP as a share of world GDP Gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity as a percentage of world GDP 2013 Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition Pillar 1: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights In your country, how strong is the protection of property rights including financial assets? 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Technical Notes and Sources 1. 02 Intellectual property protection In your country, how strong is the protection of intellectual property, including anti-counterfeiting measures 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 03 Diversion of public funds In your country, how common is diversion of public funds to companies, individuals, or groups due to corruption 1=very commonly occurs; 7=never occurs 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 04 Public trust in politicians In your country, how would you rate the ethical standards of politicians? 1=extremely low; 7=extremely high 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes Average score across the five components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question: In your country, how common is it for firms to make undocumented extra payments or bribes in connection with (a) imports and exports;(b public utilities;(c) annual tax payments;(d) awarding of public contracts and licenses;(e) obtaining favorable judicial decisions? In each case, the answer ranges from 1 very common to 7 never occurs. 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 06 Judicial independence In your country, to what extent is the judiciary independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms 1=heavily influenced; 7=entirely independent 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials In your country, to what extent do government officials show favoritism to well-connected firms and individuals when deciding upon policies and contracts? 1=always show favoritism; 7=never show favoritism 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending In your country, how efficiently does the government spend public revenue? 1=extremely inefficient; 7=extremely efficient in providing goods and services 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources 538 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 1. 09 Burden of government regulation In your country, how burdensome is it for businesses to comply with governmental administrative requirements (e g.,, permits regulations, reporting? 1=extremely burdensome; 7=not burdensome at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes In your country, how efficient is the legal framework for private businesses in settling disputes? 1=extremely inefficient; 7=extremely efficient 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations In your country, how easy is it for private businesses to challenge government actions and/or regulations through the legal system? 1=extremely difficult; 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking In your country, how easy is it for businesses to obtain information about changes in government policies and regulations affecting their activities? 1=extremely difficult 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism In your country, to what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence In your country, to what extent does the incidence of crime and violence impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent; 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 15 Organized crime In your country, to what extent does organized crime mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses? 1=to a great extent; 7=not at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 16 Reliability of police services In your country, to what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order? 1=cannot be relied upon at all; 7=can be relied completely upon 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms In your country, how would you rate the corporate ethics of companies (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials politicians, and other firms? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards In your country, how strong are financial auditing and reporting standards? 1=extremely weak; 7=extremely strong 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards In your country, how would you characterize corporate governance by investors and boards of directors? 1 =management has little accountability to investors and boards 7=management is highly accountable to investors and boards 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders†interests In your country, to what extent are the interests of minority shareholders protected by the legal system? 1=not protected at all; 7=fully protected 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 21 Strength of investor protection Strength of Investor Protection Index on a 0†10 (best) scale 2013 This indicator is a combination of the Extent of disclosure index transparency of transactions), the Extent of director liability index liability for self-dealing), and the Ease of shareholder suit index shareholders†ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct For more details about the methodology employed and the assumptions made to compute this indicator, visit http //www. doingbusiness. org/methodologysurveys /Source: World bank/International finance corporation Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises Pillar 2: Infrastructure 2. 01 Quality of overall infrastructure How would you assess general infrastructure (e g.,, transport telephony, and energy) in your country? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 02 Quality of roads In your country, how would you assess the quality of roads 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of the railroad system? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average This indicator does not apply to economies where there is no regular train service or where the network covers only a negligible portion of the territory. Assessment of the existence of a network was conducted by the World Economic Forum based on various sources Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of seaports For landlocked countries: How accessible are seaport facilities 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 539 2. 05 Quality of air transport infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of air transport infrastructure? 1=extremely underdeveloped†among the worst in the world; 7=extensive and efficient†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 06 Available airline seat kilometers Airline seat kilometers (in millions) available on all flights domestic and international service) originating in country per week (year average) 2014 This indicator measures the total passenger-carrying capacity of all scheduled flights, including domestic flights, originating in a country. It is computed by multiplying the number of seats available on each flight by the flight distance in kilometers and summing the result across all scheduled flights in a week. The final value represents the weekly average for the year (Jan†Dec taking into account flights scheduled beforehand by airline companies Source: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser 2. 07 Quality of electricity supply In your country, how would you assess the reliability of the electricity supply (lack of interruptions and lack of voltage fluctuations)? ) 1=not reliable at all; 7=extremely reliable 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions Number of mobile telephone subscriptions per 100 population 2013 A mobile telephone subscription refers to a subscription to a public mobile telephone service that provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using cellular technology including the number of prepaid SIM CARDS active during the last three months of the year under review. This includes both analog and digital cellular systems (IMT-2000, Third Generation, 3g) and 4g subscriptions, but excludes mobile broadband subscriptions via data cards or USB modems. Subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint or radio paging, and telemetry services are excluded also. It includes all mobile cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines Number of active fixed telephone lines per 100 population 2013 A fixed telephone line is an active line connecting the subscriber†s terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network PSTN) that has dedicated a port in the telephone exchange equipment. Active lines are those that have registered an activity in the last three months of the year under review Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition Pillar 3: Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance General government budget balance as a percentage of GDP 2013 General government budget balance is calculated as general government revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core Government Finance Statistics (GFS) balance that measures the extent to which the general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents. Revenue consists of taxes, social contributions grants receivable, and other revenue. Revenue increases a government†s net worth, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities. General government total expenditure consists of total expenses and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 3. 02 Gross national savings Gross national savings as a percentage of GDP 2013 or most recent year available Aggregate national savings is defined as public-and private -sector savings as a percentage of nominal GDP. National savings equals gross domestic investment plus the current-account balance Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World bank, At-a-Glance Table Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD), Economic Outlook 2014; national sources 3. 03 Inflation Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average 2013 For inflation rates between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent, a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this range scores decrease linearly as they move away from these values Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 3. 04 Government debt Gross general government debt as a percentage of GDP 2013 or most recent year available Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of special drawing rights, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares, financial derivatives, and employee stock options. For Australia, Belgium Canada, Hong kong SAR, Iceland, New zealand, and Sweden government debt coverage also includes insurance technical reserves, following the GFSM 2001 definition Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition) and Public Information Notices various issues; African Development Bank, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and United Nations Development Programme, African Economic Outlook 2014; national sources  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources 540 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 3. 05 Country credit rating Institutional Investor†s Country Credit Ratingsâ¢assessing the probability of sovereign debt default on a 0†100 (lowest probability) scale March 2014 Institutional Investor†s Country Credit Ratingsâ¢developed by Institutional Investor are provided based on information by senior economists and sovereign-debt analysts at leading global banks and money management and security firms. Twice a year, the respondents grade each country on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 representing the least chance of default Institutional Investor†s â€oecountry Credit Ratings†is a trademark of Institutional Investor, LLC. No further copying or transmission of this material is allowed without the express written permission of Institutional Investor†s publisher, who can be reached at publisher@institutionalinvestor. com. Copyright  Institutional Investor, LLC 2014 Source: Institutional Investor Pillar 4: Health and primary education 4. 01 Malaria incidence Estimated number of malaria cases per 100,000 population 2012 This indicator refers to the estimated number of new cases of malaria in the economy per 100,000 population. M. F. and S l indicate respectively that the World health organization (WHO has declared the area malaria-free (M. F) . or that it has included it in the supplementary list (S l.)of areas where malaria has never existed or has disappeared without specific measures. Hong Kong SAR and Puerto rico have been considered malaria-free M. F.)following the assessment by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Sources: The World health organization, World Malaria Report 2013; United states Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC), Malaria Information and Prophylaxis information (accessed July 11, 2014 4. 02 Business impact of malaria How serious an impact do you consider malaria will have on your company in the next five years (e g.,, death, disability medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average This indicator does not apply to economies considered free of malaria or included in the World Health Organization†s supplementary list of areas where malaria has existed never or has disappeared without specific measures Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 03 Tuberculosis incidence Estimated number of tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population 2013 Incidence of tuberculosis is estimated the number of new pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases Sources: The World bank, World Development Indicators accessed June 18, 2014; national sources 4. 04 Business impact of tuberculosis How serious an impact do you consider tuberculosis will have on your company in the next five years (e g.,, death, disability medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 05 HIV prevalence HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15†49 years 2013 HIV prevalence refers to the percentage of people aged 15†49 who are infected with HIV at a particular point in time, no matter when infection occurred Sources: The World bank, World Development Indicators accessed June 18, 2014; UNAIDS, Global Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2008,2010, 2012, and 2013 editions; national sources 4. 06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS How serious an impact do you consider HIV/AIDS will have on your company in the next five years (e g.,, death, disability medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 07 Infant mortality Infant (children aged 0†12 months) mortality per 1, 000 live births 2013 Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age per 1, 000 live births in a given year Sources: The World bank, World Development Indicators accessed June 18, 2014; national sources 4. 08 Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth (years) 2013 Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life Sources: The World bank, World Development Indicators accessed June 18, 2014; national sources 4. 09 Quality of primary education In your country, how would you assess the quality of primary schools? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 10 Primary education enrollment rate Net primary education enrollment rate 2012 The reported value corresponds to the ratio of children of official primary school age (as defined by the national education system) who are enrolled in primary school. Primary education ISCED level 1) provides children with basic reading, writing and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data centre (accessed May 21, 2014; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Education at a Glance 2013; Sistema de Informaciã n de tendencias Educativas de Amã rica Latina SITEAL); ) national sources  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 541 Pillar 5: Higher education and training 5. 01 Secondary education enrollment rate Gross secondary education enrollment rate 2012 The reported value corresponds to the ratio of total secondary enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the secondary education level. Secondary education (ISCED levels 2 and 3) completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims to lay the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering more subject-or skills-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data centre (accessed May 21, 2014; UNICEF Childinfo. org (accessed August 07 2014); ) Sistema de Informaciã n de tendencias Educativas de Amã rica Latina (SITEAL; national sources 5. 02 Tertiary education enrollment rate Gross tertiary education enrollment rate 2012 The reported value corresponds to the ratio of total tertiary enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the tertiary education level. Tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 and 6), whether or not leading to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data centre (accessed May 21, 2014; national sources 5. 03 Quality of the education system How well does the education system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? 1=not well at all 7=extremely well 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 04 Quality of math and science education In your country, how would you assess the quality of math and science education? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 05 Quality of management schools In your country, how would you assess the quality of business schools? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world 7=excellent†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 06 Internet access in schools In your country, how widespread is Internet access in schools 1=nonexistent; 7=extremely widespread 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 07 Local availability of specialized research and training services In your country, to what extent are specialized high-quality training services available? 1=not available at all; 7=widely available 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 08 Extent of staff training In your country, to what extent do companies invest in training and employee development? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Pillar 6: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition In your country, how intense is competition in the local markets? 1=not intense at all; 7=extremely intense 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 02 Extent of market dominance In your country, how would you characterize corporate activity 1=dominated by a few business groups; 7=spread among many firms 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy In your country, to what extent does antimonopoly policy promote competition? 1=does not promote competition 7=effectively promotes competition 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to invest? 1=significantly reduce the incentive to invest 7=do not reduce the incentive to invest at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 05 Total tax rate This indicator is a combination of profit tax(%of profits labor tax and contribution(%of profits), and other taxes(%of profits) 2013 The total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by a business in the second year of operation, expressed as a share of commercial profits. The total amount of taxes is the sum of five different types of taxes and contributions payable after accounting for deductions and exemptions: profit or corporate income tax, social contributions and labor taxes paid by the employer, property taxes, turnover taxes, and other small taxes. For more details about the methodology employed and the assumptions made to compute this indicator, visit http://www. doingbusiness. org /methodologysurveys /Source: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 6. 06 Number of procedures required to start a business Number of procedures required to start a business 2013 For details about the methodology employed and the assumptions made to compute this indicator, visit http //www. doingbusiness. org/methodologysurveys /Source: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises 6. 07 Time required to start a business Number of days required to start a business 2013 For details about the methodology employed and the assumptions made to compute this indicator, visit http //www. doingbusiness. org/methodologysurveys /Source: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources 542 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 6. 08 Agricultural policy costs In your country, how would you assess the agricultural policy 1=excessively burdensome for the economy; 7=balances well the interests of taxpayers, consumers and producers 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers In your country, to what extent do non-tariff barriers e g.,, health and product standards, technical and labeling requirements, etc. limit the ability of imported goods to compete in the domestic market? 1=strongly limit 7=do not limit at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 10 Trade tariffs Trade-weighted average tariff rate 2013 An applied tariff is a customs duty that is levied on imports of merchandise goods. This indicator is calculated as a weighted average of all the applied tariff rates, including preferential rates that a country applies to the rest of the world. The weights are the trade patterns of the importing country†s reference group 2012 data Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Competitiveness Map Data 6. 11 Prevalence of foreign ownership In your country, how prevalent is foreign ownership of companies? 1=extremely rare; 7=highly prevalent 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI In your country, to what extent do rules and regulations encourage or discourage foreign direct investment (FDI 1=strongly discourage FDI; 7=strongly encourage FDI 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures In your country, how efficient are the customs procedures related to the entry and exit of merchandise? 1=not efficient at all; 7=extremely efficient 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP Imports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2013 Total imports is the sum of total imports of merchandise and commercial services Sources: World trade organization, Statistical Database: Time Series on Merchandise and Commercial Services (accessed July 02,2014; International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation In your country, how well do companies treat customers 1=indifferent to customer satisfaction; 7=highly responsive to customers and seek customer retention 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 16 Buyer sophistication In your country, how do buyers make purchasing decisions 1=based solely on the lowest price; 7=based on a sophisticated analysis of performance attributes 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Pillar 7: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations In your country, how would you characterize labor-employer relations? 1=generally confrontational; 7=generally cooperative 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination In your country, how are wages generally set 1=by a centralized bargaining process; 7=by each individual company 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices In your country, how would you characterize the hiring and firing of workers? 1=heavily impeded by regulations 7=extremely flexible 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 04 Redundancy costs Redundancy costs in weeks of salary 2013 This indicator estimates the cost of advance notice requirements severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. For more details about the methodology employed and the assumptions made to compute this indicator, visit http://www. doingbusiness. org /methodologysurveys /Sources: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises; World Economic Forum†s calculations 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to work? 1=significantly reduce the incentive to work; 7=do not reduce incentive to work at all 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 06 Pay and productivity In your country, to what extent is pay related to worker productivity? 1=not related to worker productivity 7=strongly related to worker productivity 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 07 Reliance on professional management In your country, who holds senior management positions 1=usually relatives or friends without regard to merit 7=mostly professional managers chosen for merit and qualifications 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent Does your country retain talented people? 1=the best and brightest leave to pursue opportunities in other countries 7=the best and brightest stay and pursue opportunities in the country 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 543 7. 09 Country capacity to attract talent Does your country attract talented people from abroad 1=not at all; 7=attracts the best and brightest from around the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 10 Female participation in the labor force Ratio of women to men in the labor force 2012 This measure is the percentage of women aged 15†64 participating in the labor force divided by the percentage of men aged 15†64 participating in the labor force Sources: International labour organization, Key Indicators of the Labour markets, 8th Edition; national sources Pillar 8: Financial market development 8. 01 Availability of financial services In your country, to what extent does the financial sector provide a wide range of financial products and services to businesses? 1=not at all; 7=provides a wide variety 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 02 Affordability of financial services In your country, to what extent are financial services affordable for businesses? 1=not affordable at all; 7=affordable 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 03 Financing through local equity market In your country, how easy is it for companies to raise money by issuing shares on the stock market? 1=extremely difficult 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 04 Ease of access to loans In your country, how easy is it to obtain a bank loan with only a good business plan and no collateral? 1=extremely difficult 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 05 Venture capital availability In your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? 1=extremely difficult; 7=extremely easy 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 06 Soundness of banks In your country, how would you assess the soundness of banks? 1=extremely low†banks may require recapitalization 7=extremely high†banks are generally healthy with sound balance sheets 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges In your country, how effective are the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges? 1=not at all effective 7=extremely effective 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 08 Legal rights index Degree of legal protection of borrowers†and lenders†rights on a 0†10 (best) scale 2013 This index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect borrowers†and lenders†rights and thus facilitate lending. For more details about the methodology employed and the assumptions made to compute this indicator visit http://www. doingbusiness. org/methodologysurveys /Source: World bank/International finance corporation, Doing Business 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises Pillar 9: Technological readiness 9. 01 Availability of latest technologies In your country, to what extent are the latest technologies available? 1=not available at all; 7=widely available 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption In your country, to what extent do businesses adopt new technology? 1=not at all; 7=adopt extensively 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer To what extent does foreign direct investment (FDI) bring new technology into your country? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent†FDI is a key source of new technology 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 9. 04 Internet users Percentage of individuals using the Internet 2013 Internet users refers to people using the Internet from any device (including mobile phones) during the year under review Data are based on surveys generally carried out by national statistical offices or estimated based on the number of Internet subscriptions Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population 2013 or most recent year available This refers to total fixed (wired) broadband Internet subscriptions that is, subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet†a TCP IP connection†at downstream speeds equal to or greater than 256 kb/s Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 9. 06 Internet bandwidth International Internet bandwidth (kb/s) per Internet user 2013 or most recent year available International Internet bandwidth is the sum of capacity of all Internet exchanges offering international bandwidth measured in kilobits per second (kb/s Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources 544 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 population 2013 or most recent year available Mobile broadband subscriptions refers to active SIM CARDS or, on CDMA networks, connections accessing the Internet at consistent broadband speeds of over 512 kb/s, including cellular technologies such as HSPA, EV-DO, and above. This includes connections being used in any type of device able to access mobile broadband networks, including smartphones USB modems, mobile hotspots, and other mobile broadband†connected devices Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition Pillar 10: Market size 10.01 Domestic market size index Sum of gross domestic product plus value of imports of goods and services, minus value of exports of goods and services normalized on a 1†7 (best) scale 2013 The size of the domestic market is calculated as the natural log of the sum of the gross domestic product valued at PPP plus the total value (PPP estimates) of imports of goods and services minus the total value (PPP estimates) of exports of goods and services. Data are normalized then on a 1†7 scale. PPP estimates of imports and exports are obtained by taking the product of exports as a percentage of GDP and GDP valued at PPP Source: World Economic Forum†s calculations. For more details refer to Appendix B of Chapter 1. 1 of this Report 10.02 Foreign market size index Value of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1†7 best) scale 2013 The size of the foreign market is estimated as the natural log of the total value (PPP estimates) of exports of goods and services normalized on a 1†7 scale. PPP estimates of exports are obtained by taking the product of exports as a percentage of GDP and GDP valued at PPP Source: World Economic Forum†s calculations. For more details refer to Appendix B of Chapter 1. 1 of this Report 10.03 GDP (PPP Gross domestic product valued at purchasing power parity in billions of international dollars 2013 Sources: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP Exports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2013 Total exports is the sum of total exports of merchandise and commercial services Sources: World trade organization, Online Statistics Database accessed June 18, 2014; International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources Pillar 11: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity In your country, how numerous are local suppliers? 1=largely nonexistent; 7=extremely numerous 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.02 Local supplier quality In your country, how would you assess the quality of local suppliers? 1=extremely poor quality; 7=extremely high quality 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.03 State of cluster development In your country, how widespread are developed well and deep clusters (geographic concentrations of firms, suppliers producers of related products and services, and specialized institutions in a particular field? 1=nonexistent; 7 =widespread in many fields 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage What is the competitive advantage of your country†s companies in international markets based upon? 1=low -cost labor or natural resources; 7=unique products and processes 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.05 Value chain breadth In your country, do companies have a narrow or broad presence in the value chain? 1=narrow, primarily involved in individual steps of the value chain (e g.,, resource extraction or production); ) 7=broad, present across the entire value chain e g.,, including production and marketing, distribution, design etc.)) 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.06 Control of international distribution To what extent are international distribution and marketing from your country owned and controlled by domestic companies 1=not at all†they take place through foreign companies 7=to a great extent†they are owned primarily and controlled by domestic companies 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.07 Production process sophistication In your country, how sophisticated are production processes 1=not at all†production uses labor-intensive processes or old technology; 7=highly†production uses sophisticated and knowledge-intensive processes 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.08 Extent of marketing In your country, to what extent do companies use sophisticated marketing tools and techniques? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority In your country, how do you assess the willingness to delegate authority to subordinates? 1=not willing at all†senior management takes all important decisions; 7=very willing†authority is delegated mostly to business unit heads and other lower-level managers 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Pillar 12: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation In your country, to what extent do companies have the capacity to innovate? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey  2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 545 12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions In your country, how would you assess the quality of scientific research institutions? 1=extremely poor†among the worst in the world; 7=extremely good†among the best in the world 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.03 Company spending on R&d In your country, to what extent do companies spend on research and development (R&d? 1=do not spend on R&d 7=spend heavily on R&d 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d In your country, to what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&d? 1=do not collaborate at all; 7=collaborate extensively 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.05 Government procurement of advanced technology products In your country, to what extent do government purchasing decisions foster innovation? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers In your country, to what extent are scientists and engineers available? 1=not at all; 7=widely available 2013†14 weighted average Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.07 PCT patent applications Number of applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) per million population 2010-2011 average This indicator measures the total count of applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), by priority date and inventor nationality, using fractional count if an application is filed by multiple inventors. The average count of applications filed in 2010 and 2011 is divided by population figures for 2011. In the absence of reliable data on PCT applications for Taiwan (China and Hong kong SAR, two advanced economies that are not signatories of the Treaty, the number of applications is estimated as follows: first, we compute the average number of all utility patent applications filed with the United states Patents and Trademarks Office (USPTO) for 2010 and 2011. We then compute the average number of PCT applications for 2010 and 2011 before computing the ratio of the two averages (1. 59. For the computation of the two averages, only economies with a two-year average number of at least 100 USPTO applications and 50 PCT applications are considered. Taiwan and Hong kong are excluded in both cases. We then divide the number of USPTO applications filed by residents of Taiwan (19,892) and Hong kong (1, 024 respectively, by the ratio above in order to produce estimates for PCT applications. As a final step, we compute the estimates per million population†that is, 537.2 for Taiwan and 90.3 for Hong kong. The estimates are used in the computation of the respective Innovation pillar scores of the two economies Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Patent Database,(situation as of June 2014); ) For population: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World Economic Forum†s calculations  2014 World Economic Forum  2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 547 About the Authors Beã at Bilbao-Osorio Beã at Bilbao-Osorio is an Associate Director and Senior Economist with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. In this capacity, he carries out research on national competitiveness issues with a special focus on Latin america and Iberia. In addition, he analyzes the role of innovation and information and communication technologies in fostering competitiveness, and is co -editor of The Global Information technology Report Prior to joining the Forum, Dr Bilbao-Osorio worked at the Directorate-General for Research & Innovation of the European commission, where he was responsible for the economic analysis of European Innovation Policy; at the Directorates of Science, Technology and Industry and Education of the Organisation for Economic Co -operation and Development (OECD) on innovation-related topics; and at the International Trade Centre (UNCTAD /WTO) on international trade competitiveness analysis. His main research fields are innovation, skills, and economic development, where he has published extensively. Dr Bilbao-Osorio holds a degree in Economics from the Universidad Comercial de Deusto (Spain), a Master in European Studies from the Universitã Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), and a Phd in Economic geography from the London School of Economic and Political science UK Ciara Browne Ciara Browne is a Director with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network team, where her responsibilities include managing partnerships†including institutional and corporate partnerships†and outreach for both competitiveness and risks reports. Ms Browne also oversees the process of implementing the Executive Opinion Survey, which is conducted worldwide and completed by around 15,000 business executives. Ms Browne is involved in the production process of reports on the team and works closely with the Forum†s media team in conveying the findings of the various competitiveness reports to the media and the public. Before joining the Forum, she served for several years with the International Organization for Migration, where she worked for a mass claims processing program. She has a BA (Hons) degree from the University of Manchester (UK Gemma Corrigan Gemma Corrigan is a Senior Associate with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. Her responsibilities include the development of a repository of competitiveness practices and she contributes to the research and drafting of various reports, including The Global Competitiveness Report and the Global Risks report. Prior to joining the World Economic Forum, she worked in the Division of Country Programmes at the International Trade Centre (UNCTAD /WTO), where she focused on export strategies and issues related to trade competitiveness. Her areas of expertise include new institutional economics, development policy inequality, and inclusive growth. She holds a Bachelor†s degree in Economics and History from Barnard College /Columbia University in New york and a Master in Political Economy from the London School of economics (UK Roberto Crotti Roberto Crotti is an Economist with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. His responsibilities include the computation and management of a range of indexes as well as data analysis for various projects and studies His main areas of expertise are quantitative research forecasting, and development economics. Prior to joining the Forum, he worked as an Analyst in the private consulting and forecasting sector. Mr Crotti holds a five-year degree in Economics/Economic policy from Universitã Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, Italy, and an MA in Economics from Boston University Attilio Di Battista Attilio Di Battista is a Junior Quantitative Economist with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. He works on the development and computation of a range of indexes and on the analysis of data for the elaboration of various reports. His areas of expertise include international trade and competitiveness, institutions and development investment flows, and financial stability. Prior to joining the Forum, he worked at the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO) on export strategy, policy, and trade competitiveness analysis. He has a Bachelor†s degree in International and Diplomatic Sciences from Universitã degli Studi di Trieste in Gorizia and a Master in International Economics from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, where he conducted research on the attractiveness of Italian provinces for foreign direct investments, focusing on the role of institutions and economic geography  2014 World Economic Forum About the Authors 548 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz is Director, Lead Economist, and Head of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. She researches and writes on issues of national competitiveness and global risks and is lead author or editor of a number of regional and topical reports and papers, including The Global Competitiveness Report and the Global Risks report series. Before joining The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, Dr Drzeniek Hanouz worked with the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO) in Geneva, where she was in charge of relations with Central and Eastern European countries. Dr Drzeniek Hanouz received a Diploma in Economics from the University of Mà nster and holds a Phd in International Economics from the University of Bochum, both in Germany Caroline Galvan Caroline Galvan is an Economist and Senior Manager with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. She researches and writes on national competitiveness issues in Sub-saharan africa and Europe and manages The Africa Competitiveness Report and The Europe 2020 Competitiveness Report She also works on the World Economic Forum†s Global Risks report. Prior to joining the Forum, she worked for an economic policy consultancy in the United kingdom where she analyzed economic and financial policies in Central and Eastern europe and Central asia. She also worked for the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European commission, where she assessed financial development in the 2004 accession Member States. She holds an undergraduate degree in Economics from the University of Groningen and an MSC in Economics and Finance from the University of Tilburg both in The netherlands Thierry Geiger Thierry Geiger is an Associate Director and Senior Economist with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum He leads the competitiveness practice on Asia. As head of quantitative research, he supervises the development and computation of a wide range of composite indicators He is also responsible for the Network†s technical assistance and capacity-building activities. His areas of expertise are private-sector development, international trade, and data science. Mr Geiger is co-editor of The Global Enabling Trade Report and co-author of The Global Competitiveness Report and The Global Information technology Report, and is the lead author of several regional and country studies. A Swiss national Mr Geiger holds a BA in Economics from the University of Geneva, an MA in Economics from the University of British columbia, and was a Fellow of the Forum†s Global Leadership Programme. Prior to joining the Forum, he worked for the World trade organization and Caterpillar Inc. He is cofounder of Procab Studio, a Geneva-based IT company Tania Gutknecht Tania Gutknecht is Community Manager with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. Her responsibilities include managing the network of Partner Institutes worldwide and driving the Executive Opinion Survey process. She also is responsible for the production of The Global Competitiveness Report and related benchmarking studies. She collaborates closely with the Forum†s media and digital content teams in conveying the findings of the competitiveness reports to the public through press, web, and social media Prior joining the Global Competitiveness Network team Ms Gutknecht worked with the Centre for Business Engagement at the World Economic Forum, where she designed high-profile events and projects to address the challenges of inclusive social and economic growth built relationships with C-suite executives of partner companies; and oversaw the operation-management responsibilities of a team of coordinators. Ms Gutknecht holds an MA in International Relations from the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva) as well as an MSC in International Management from the University of Geneva Xavier Sala-i-Martã n Xavier Sala-i-Martã n is a Professor in the Department of Economics at Columbia University. He was previously an Associate professor at the Department of economics at Yale university and a Visiting professor at Universitat Pompeum Fabra. His research interests include economic growth, macroeconomics, public finance and social security, health and population economics, monetary economics, poverty, inequality, estimation of the world distribution of income, and measuring competitiveness He is a consultant on growth and competitiveness for a number of countries, international institutions, and corporations. Professor Sala-i-Martã n is a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research He earned his MA and Phd, both in Economics, from Harvard university. He collaborates closely with the World Economic Forum in his capacity as Chief Advisor to The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network Cecilia Serin Cecilia Serin is a Senior Associate with The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network at the World Economic Forum. Her responsibilities include supporting the team through the production of the various reports and coordinating the Sustainable Competitiveness project Prior to joining the Forum, she worked at the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), where she was responsible for organizing the bi -annual Global Roundtable on Sustainable Finance. She also worked at the United nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) on various sustainability issues Ms Serin holds a BSC in Business Administration from the International University of Monaco and an MSC in Development Management from the London School of Economics and Political science (UK  2014 World Economic Forum World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel+41 (0) 22 869 1212 Fax+41 (0) 22 786 2744 contact@weforum. org www. weforum. org Over more than three decades, The Global Competitiveness Report series has evolved into the world†s most comprehensive assessment of national competitiveness. This 35th edition is being released at a time when the global economy finally seems to be recovering from the worst financial and economic crisis the world has seen in decades. But current economic growth needs to be strengthened if it is to be robust, generate more productive jobs, and ensure inclusive growth. Potential risks going forward concern the possible tightening of financial conditions that may follow a normalization of the monetary policy in the United states and other advanced economies, a strained geopolitical scenario, and internal social tensions linked to rising inequality in large economies that could have global consequences In the current context, if recovery is to strengthen and generate the high-quality jobs that societies need and ensure higher sustainable growth, policymakers and business and civil society leaders need to understand the complex and interrelated forces that drive productivity and competitiveness. The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 aims to support these stakeholders in establishing a collaborative approach and identifying assets on which they can build as well as areas of concern that need to be addressed Produced in collaboration with leading academics and a global network of Partner Institutes The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 offers users a unique dataset on a broad array of competitiveness indicators for 144 economies. The data used in the Report are obtained from leading international sources as well as from the World Economic Forum†s annual Executive Opinion Survey, a unique source that captures the perspectives of more than 14,000 business leaders on topics related to national competitiveness The Report presents the rankings of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI. The GCI is based on 12 pillars of competitiveness, providing a comprehensive picture of the competitiveness landscape in countries around the world at different stages of economic development. The Report contains detailed profiles highlighting competitive strengths and weaknesses for each of the 144 economies featured, as well as an extensive section of data tables displaying relative rankings for more than 100 variables The Report and an interactive data platform are available at www. weforum. org/gcr Blank Page