Inflation

Inflation (364)
Inflation rate (18)

Synopsis: Entrepreneurship: Economics: Inflation: Inflation:

Inflation increased immediately in 2008 with 3%from 4. 8%in 2007 to 7. 8%in 2008 and maintained relatively high levels up to 2011,

s, DJEI February 2014 Consumer Costs and Inflation Forfã¡s February 2014 State Investment in Research and development 2012 †2013 Forfã¡

without any indexation allowance to compensate for the effects of inflation. These increases in CGT rates create a challenge for Ireland†s competitiveness.

•U s. R&d investment will increase by 1. 0%(after inflation) to $465 billion. •National research intensity will remain stable at 2. 8%of GDP. â€

Against the Office of Management and Budget†s estimate of 2. 2%inflation for 2013-2014, the forecast level of R&d would be an increase of 1. 0%in real terms.

a. Instituting progressive indexing that indexes SSI benefits to wages for low-income workers and to inflation for high-income workers;

and then index it for inflation. This would raise approximately $45 billion per year which should be devoted to the Highway Trust fund. 26 At the same time,

One reason why wages have not increased for these jobs is that the federal minimum wage has declined in inflation-adjusted dollars from $10. 77 in 1968 to $7. 25 per hour today. 48 As a result,

Congress should institute progressive indexing that indexes SSI benefits to wages for low-income workers and to inflation for high-income workers.

000 of the mortgage and not be indexed to inflation. 80 A second place to start is for Congress to eliminate employment related tax benefits,

Low rates of inflation (or possible deflation) across the whole euro area increase the difficulty of extending improvements in cost competitiveness through price reductions.

G#2v 2363 Inflation G#3v 2364 Inflation 0#4#inflation Inflation G#3v 2365 Inflation rate

0#4#inflation rate Inflation rate G#2v 2366 Liquidity 0#3#liquidity Liquidity G#2v 2367 Macroeconomics

G#3v 2368 Capital account 0#4#capital account Capital account 0#4#financial account Capital account G#3v 2369 Macroeconomic

indebtedness in dollars to inflation in the national currency and a type of foreign exchange favorable to imported consumption, from massive firings and salary

inflation trends. The base year for the deflator is 2013 for all economies In the same formulation, to mitigate the effects of

the variance inflation factor was below three, and the tolerance values were close to 1 Barrow, 2009.

inflation has been the worst among others across Europe The reliance on the temporary growth areas of construction and tourism also point to a major

Challenges Attrition, wage inflation Skills availability, regulatory limitations  Because of the nature and range of activities, the range of skills sets requires is also broad â€

The variance inflation factor (VIF) scores for the three measures were below 1. 5, which is much lower

weakens slightly on the back of rising inflation (above 3 percent), but fares comparatively well when contrasted

the region, rising inflation, and great concern about the effects of these difficulties on other parts of the

inflation was reduced, although it still remains fairly high at almost 8 percent. Overall, Ukraine maintains

despite a prolonged episode of high inflation. China runs a moderate budget deficit; boasts a low, albeit

Inflation was reduced to around 5 percent in recent years after frequent episodes of double-digit inflation in the past decade.

These positive developments are reflected in the improving although still low, country credit rating Because the country has entered the efficiency

On a more positive note, inflation returned to single-digit territory in 2011 Despite these considerable challenges, India does

Inflation approached The Global Competitiveness Report 2012†2013: Country Profile Highlights 9  2012 World Economic Forum

to stem inflation, the State bank of Vietnam tightened its monetary policy, thus making access to credit

and a drop in inflation although it remains in the double digits) and a financial sector that is recovering from its 2009 crisis. The country

which brought down inflation and interest rates†the situation continues to be bad enough to

stability is undermined further by double-digit inflation although recent efforts seem to be bearing some fruit in

programme ever, with a budget of around â 79 billion (adjusted for inflation) over the seven years of the programme

that reflects the role of outsourcing in offsetting the impact of domestic factor-price inflation

low-cost imports from low inflation countries Interestingly, Germany presents the opposite picture. The sharp increase in competitiveness

countries with relatively high inflation Looking at a wide range of indicators therefore, the competitiveness challenge in

Terms of trade booms and inflation Data Sources: ABS, 2014c; RBA, 2014b; RBA, 2014c TPO00007

was associated with a surge in inflation, interest rates and nominal wages (Chart 6). There were other factors at play such as the world oil shock,

aimed at low and stable inflation, a floating exchange rate, and honest institutions •A well-developed financial system founded on sound prudential regulation that

recently†being coupled to rising inflation and unemployment, gives rise to some economists assuming that structural changes in

If inflation is taken into account, the expected average price for ultra-fast broadband access in 2020 is estimated to be 61.8

Internet access, 31 and taking inflation into account Figure 5: Consumer surplus in Europe (bn. Euro

Inflation adjustment EUR 10 willingness to pay 28 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE

inflation and asset-price movements. This has the advantage of providing near real-time inflation statistics that are published traditionally monthly

179 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 UN Global Pulse, a UN initiative to use big data

year adjusted with the international inflation rates. Prices for 2008,2009, 2010,2011 and 2012 which are shown also

5. Amounts have been adjusted for inflation using the retail prices index Source: NAO analysis of Authority data

crunch, currency crash, high inflation, high un -employment, undulations in housing and equity prices and government defaults on international and do

of 2009 (3). Inflation rose from an average of 2. 6 %in 2006 to 7. 8%in 2008, with a peak of 9. 9%in

and consumer price inflation (CPI In addition, tangible (GDP per capita ppp) and intan -gible (national intellectual capital, NIC) co-develop

influenced by the fact that low inflation, or even deflation in key advanced economies remains a tangible risk that

Firms cannot operate efficiently when inflation rates are out of hand. In sum, the economy cannot grow

inflation is below 3 percent; budget  2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1: The Global Competitiveness Index 2014†2015

budget and reduced inflation to 2 percent. Public debt remained stable and the savings rate was high.

Following an episode of double-digit inflation in 2011, its macroeconomic situation continues to improve (75th, up

as inflation declined to 6. 6 percent. Public institutions also receive a better assessment (85th, up

near double-digit, inflation, which reached 9. 5 percent in 2013. The Reserve bank of India is torn between keeping

tightening monetary policy to stem inflation Improving competitiveness will yield India huge benefits In particular, it will help rebalance the economy and move the

and inflation that is under control at around 2 percent; financial services that are relatively sophisticated by regional standards (53rd;

high levels of inflation, public debt, and deficit coupled with a weak institutional set up, high levels of corruption

although inflation has been coming down from the high rates of the past two years thanks to prudent

and inflation is over 11 percent. With regard to strengths, public institutions are characterized by relatively high government efficiency

down inflation and interest rates†Zimbabwe still receives a low rank in this pillar (87th), which is characterized by

inflation. Weaknesses in other areas include health (129th in the health subpillar; low education enrollment rates

stability is weak (110th) on the back of increased inflation and a high government deficit. Looking ahead, significant

*3. 03 Inflation*f 3. 04 Government debt *3. 05 Country credit rating *4th pillar: Health and primary education...

f In order to capture the idea that both high inflation and deflation are detrimental, inflation enters the model in a U-shaped manner

as follows: for values of inflation between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this

range, scores decrease linearly as they move away from these values g The impact of malaria, tuberculosis,

Inflation...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 3 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*70.5.113

Inflation...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 3 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*70.5.113

Inflation...3. 2 Government instability/coups...2. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 2 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 3...66 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*9. 2...5

Inflation...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 9 Policy instability...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 8...130 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*26.6.29

Inflation...19.1 Foreign currency regulations...16.6 Access to financing...11.3 Corruption...10.9 Tax rates...8. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*10.6.138 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*46.9.81 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...3. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 9 Policy instability...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...104 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.9.69

Inflation...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Corruption...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*28.8.31

Inflation...0. 9 Crime and theft...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 5 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*74.2.116

Inflation...2. 0 Poor public health...1. 8 Crime and theft...1. 2 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 4...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*13.8.12

Inflation...0. 3 Tax regulations...0. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Tax rates...0. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 3...67 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*43.9.74

Inflation...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...2. 5 Tax rates...2. 5 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 5...123 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.7.62

Inflation...6. 2 Foreign currency regulations...5. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 7 Tax regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*92.0.128

Inflation...1. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 4 Crime and theft...0. 4 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*99.8.132

Inflation...3. 9 Tax regulations...1. 5 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 7...129 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*110.7.135

Inflation...0. 9 Crime and theft...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 1 Bolivia Bolivia Latin america and the Caribbean

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 7...101 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.1.45

Inflation...3. 0 Poor public health...2. 1 Policy instability...1. 7 Tax rates...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...103 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*15.9.14

Inflation...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 2...110 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*66.3.109

Inflation...3. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Crime and theft...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...60 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*17.6.15

Inflation...2. 2 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 2 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.3.46

Inflation...10.0 Tax rates...7. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 8...131 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.7.40

Inflation...1. 6 Cambodia Cambodia Emerging and Developing Asia Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 0...58 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*28.1.30

Inflation...3. 3 Policy instability...1. 9 Poor public health...1. 6 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*18.6.16

Inflation...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 8 Corruption...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*89.1.124

Inflation...3. 0 Poor public health...1. 7 Policy instability...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 5

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*95.0.131

Inflation...1. 2 Chad Chad Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 2...65 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*30.2.36

Inflation...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Government instability/coups...0. 3 Chile Chile Latin america and the Caribbean

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*12.2.8

Inflation...6. 4 Policy instability...6. 3 Tax rates...6. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.4.22

Inflation...1. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Colombia Colombia Latin america and the Caribbean Factor

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.8.42

Inflation...1. 8 Policy instability...1. 5 Crime and theft...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...94 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*37.0.56

Inflation...0. 2 Tax regulations...0. 1 Poor public health...0. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...0. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*43.2.72

Inflation...0. 2 Croatia Croatia Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*59.8.99

Inflation...3. 3 Policy instability...2. 9 Crime and theft...2. 7 Tax regulations...2. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...61 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*112.0.136

Inflation...0. 0 Czech republic Czech republic Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 4...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*47.9.83

Inflation...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.2.76

Inflation...9. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...8. 9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 5 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 8...90 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.8.47

Inflation...3. 2 Tax regulations...3. 1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 9...118 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*89.2.125

Inflation...7. 5 Corruption...6. 9 Tax regulations...4. 8 Foreign currency regulations...4. 6

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*54.9.92

Inflation...4. 9 Corruption...2. 0 Tax regulations...1. 8 Poor public health...1. 7 Policy instability...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...73 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*11.3.7

Inflation...7. 1 Tax rates...6. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 0 Tax regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 0...126 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.2.21

Inflation...1. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 9 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*57.0.95

Inflation...0. 6 Corruption...0. 3 Crime and theft...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*93.9.129

Inflation...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...2. 3 Tax rates...1. 4 Poor public health...1. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 5...56 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.9.24

Inflation...9. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 3

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...95 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*82.1.121

Inflation...2. 3 Foreign currency regulations...1. 8 Corruption...0. 1 Crime and theft...0. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 5...78 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..

Inflation...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 1 Germany Germany Advanced economies

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*78.1.118

Inflation...10.0 Corruption...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*11.7.140 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*60.1.100 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...0. 0 Greece Greece Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 9...85 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..

Inflation...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Government instability/coups...0. 2 Guatemala Guatemala Latin america and the Caribbean

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 3...88 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*24.4.26

Inflation...2. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 0 Government instability/coups...1. 8 Tax regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*12.0.141 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*37.8.57 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 6 Tax regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...70 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.9.107

Inflation...1. 4 Tax regulations...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...0. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 8...116 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*21.3.20

Inflation...3. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Policy instability...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...92 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*40.2.63

Inflation...11.7 Restrictive labor regulations...11.4 Inadequately educated workforce...9. 9 Policy instability...9. 8

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 3...86 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.8.48

Inflation...0. 1 Hungary Hungary Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*79.2.120

Inflation...14.9 Tax rates...9. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 9 Policy instability...5. 2 Tax regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 9...77 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*90.2.127

Inflation...4. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 8 Poor public health...2. 8 India India Emerging and Developing Asia

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 5...133 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*66.7.110

Inflation...9. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. 5 Policy instability...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 4...112 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*26.1.27

Inflation...13.0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...10.6 Corruption...7. 9 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*35.2.143 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*10.6.6 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...1. 5 Policy instability...1. 5 Tax regulations...1. 5 Foreign currency regulations...1. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*122.8.137

Inflation...0. 0 Poor public health...0. 0 Israel Israel Advanced economies Stage of development Factor

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*66.7.111

Inflation...0. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 5 Poor public health...0. 4 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*132.5.139

Inflation...6. 7 Tax regulations...5. 2 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 4...132 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*138.9.140

Inflation...1. 3 Access to financing...1. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...62 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*243.2.143

Inflation...5. 1 Crime and theft...3. 9 Foreign currency regulations...3. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 5...98 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*87.7.123

Inflation...6. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 1 Tax rates...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...107 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*13.5.11

Inflation...6. 8 Policy instability...3. 5 Tax regulations...3. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 9

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 7...100 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*50.5.88

Inflation...2. 5 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*36.7.55

Inflation...0. 3 Tax rates...0. 0 Kuwait Kuwait Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan Factor driven Efficiency

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*5. 3...3

Inflation...4. 3 Tax regulations...3. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 6...114 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*47.7.82

Inflation...2. 6 Policy instability...2. 4 Poor public health...1. 7 Crime and theft...1. 6

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 4...111 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*62.0.102

Inflation...0. 5 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Latvia Latvia Advanced economies Factor driven Efficiency

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 0...68 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*32.1.43

Inflation...3. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 2...64 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*139.7.141

Inflation...1. 2 Tax regulations...0. 4 Lesotho Lesotho Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 3...96 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.6.61

Inflation...0. 6 Tax regulations...0. 4 Tax rates...0. 2 Libya Libya Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*0. 0...1

Inflation...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 8 Foreign currency regulations...0. 3 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.3.60

Inflation...4. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 9 Foreign currency regulations...2. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*22.9.23

Inflation...1. 0 Macedonia, FYR Macedonia, FYR Emerging and Developing Europe Factor driven Efficiency driven

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.8.52

Inflation...3. 2 Foreign currency regulations...1. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...106 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.8.86

Inflation...9. 6 Tax rates...8. 8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 2 Crime and theft...6. 7

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*27.7.142 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*68.9.112 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...6. 4 Policy instability...5. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 8

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*58.2.97

Inflation...0. 8 Mali Mali Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 6...79 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..

Inflation...2. 3 Policy instability...2. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 0...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*71.7.114

Inflation...3. 2 Crime and theft...2. 8 Tax rates...2. 8 Tax regulations...1. 9

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 1...82 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*87.7.122

Inflation...4. 7 Tax rates...2. 7 Policy instability...2. 5 Tax regulations...1. 7 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...71 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*53.8.89

Inflation...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 4 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 8...76 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*46.5.80

Inflation...3. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 6...89 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*24.4.25

Inflation...9. 3 Policy instability...9. 1 Access to financing...8. 8 Corruption...8. 5

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 6...134 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.0.105

Inflation...1. 2 Policy instability...1. 2 Poor public health...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 9

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*56.8.94

Inflation...0. 5 Crime and theft...0. 0 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Morocco Morocco Middle east, North africa, and Pakistan

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*61.9.101

Inflation...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 8 Tax regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 2...83 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*43.3.73

Inflation...4. 0 Government instability/coups...3. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 8

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...105 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*42.7.71

Inflation...2. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 1 Poor public health...1. 1 Policy instability...0. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 2...109 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*26.6.28

Inflation...2. 0 Tax rates...1. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 4 Poor public health...0. 2

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 9...136 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*31.0.38

Inflation...1. 1 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 7 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*74.9.117

Inflation...1. 4 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...0. 2 Corruption...0. 0

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.9.54

Inflation...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 0 Foreign currency regulations...0. 0 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 4...121 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*42.4.70

Inflation...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 2 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 5...127 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*19.4.18

Inflation...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 4 Corruption...0. 2 Crime and theft...0. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.5.35

Inflation...1. 2 Tax rates...0. 4 Poor public health...0. 3 Tax regulations...0. 2 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 3...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*7. 0...4

Inflation...3. 7 Tax regulations...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 3 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 4...120 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.1.106

Inflation...5. 2 Tax regulations...4. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 0...81 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.3.67

Inflation...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...1. 0 Tax rates...0. 9 Policy instability...0. 6

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 7...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*15.2.13

Inflation...0. 5 Peru Peru Latin america and the Caribbean Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*19.6.19

Inflation...3. 8 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 9...57 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*38.3.58

Inflation...0. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poland Poland Emerging and Developing Europe

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*57.5.96

Inflation...0. 0 Crime and theft...0. 0 Portugal Portugal Advanced economies Stage of development

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 4...59 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*128.8.138

Inflation...2. 6 Crime and theft...2. 1 Government instability/coups...1. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*63.0.104

Inflation...10.0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 1 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 1...63 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*34.2.50

Inflation...4. 7 Policy instability...4. 7 Government instability/coups...2. 5 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 0...80 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*39.3.59

Inflation...7. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 3 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 8

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 8...115 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*13.4.10

Inflation...5. 3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...3. 5 Corruption...2. 5 Policy instability...1. 6

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 2...84 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.4.34

Inflation...2. 3 Tax regulations...1. 8 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2 Poor public health...0. 9

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*3. 5...72 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*2. 7...2

Inflation...3. 5 Crime and theft...2. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 9 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.9.79

Inflation...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 7 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 7...124 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*65.8.108

Inflation...1. 3 Government instability/coups...1. 0 Seychelles Seychelles Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*4. 3...87 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*62.0.103

Inflation...5. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 4 Crime and theft...4. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*9. 8...135 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*32.6.44

Inflation...20.5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...15.2 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 4...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*103.8.133

Inflation...0. 2 Slovak Republic Slovak Republic Advanced economies Stage of development Factor driven Efficiency

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*54.9.91

Inflation...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 2 Foreign currency regulations...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*73.0.115

Inflation...1. 5 Tax regulations...1. 5 Poor public health...1. 2 Tax rates...1. 0 Government instability/coups...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 8...102 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.2.77

Inflation...0. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 2 Crime and theft...0. 0 Spain Spain Advanced economies

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*93.9.130

Inflation...8. 6 Tax rates...8. 4 Corruption...8. 2 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 1 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 9...117 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*78.3.119

Inflation...3. 9 Tax rates...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...3. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 9...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.2.32

Inflation...4. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 8

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 6...99 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*18.8.17

Inflation...1. 3 Government instability/coups...1. 1 Poor public health...1. 1 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 0...69 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.4.68

Inflation...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 5 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 2...74 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..

Inflation...4. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Government instability/coups...2. 5 Access to financing...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*0. 8...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.0.64

Inflation...4. 9 Foreign currency regulations...4. 9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 0...91 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*29.2.33

Inflation...6. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...6. 2 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 9...125 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*41.0.65

Inflation...0. 3 Poor public health...0. 3 Foreign currency regulations...0. 1 Thailand Thailand Emerging and Developing Asia

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 2...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*45.3.78

Inflation...0. 9 Tax regulations...0. 9 Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Emerging and Developing Asia

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*10.6.137 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*n/a n/a

Inflation...0. 9 Poor public health...0. 8 Government instability/coups...0. 5 Tax regulations...0. 2

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 2...93 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*30.6.37

Inflation...4. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 0 Crime and theft...1. 9 Poor public health...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 1...108 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*44.4.75

Inflation...4. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 8 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 5...122 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.8.53

Inflation...8. 4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...7. 6 Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*5. 4...97 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*33.9.49

Inflation...8. 0 Tax rates...7. 7 Tax regulations...4. 3 Foreign currency regulations...4. 1

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*†0. 3...75 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..

Inflation...15.2 Inadequately educated workforce...14.4 Access to financing...13.9 Poor work ethic in national labor force...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 1...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*12.3.9

Inflation...1. 4 Corruption...0. 8 Poor public health...0. 8 Crime and theft...0. 5

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*2. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*90.1.126

Inflation...4. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 5...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*104.5.134

Inflation...5. 4 Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*8. 6...128 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*59.4.98

Inflation...13.0 Policy instability...10.8 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 6 Corruption...6. 5 Crime and theft...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*40.7.144 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.8.85 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...5. 6 Tax rates...5. 5 Government instability/coups...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...3. 4

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*6. 6...113 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*55.0.93

Inflation...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 0 Tax rates...0. 7 Poor public health...0. 5

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*11.1.139 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*49.9.87 3. 05 Country credit rating, 0†100 (best*..

Inflation...4. 6 Policy instability...3. 7 Foreign currency regulations...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*7. 0...119 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*35.1.51

Inflation...0. 0 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Sub-saharan africa Factor driven Efficiency driven Innovation driven 1 Transition 1†2 2

3. 03 Inflation, annual%change*..*1. 6...1 3. 04 General government debt,%GDP*..*54.7.90

3. 03 Inflation...440 3. 04 Government debt...441 3. 05 Country credit rating...442 Pillar 4:

3. 03 Inflation Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average) 2013 SOURCES: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition;

3. 03 Inflation Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average 2013 For inflation rates between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent, a country

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