Economic growth

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Synopsis: Entrepreneurship: Economics: Economics: Economic growth:

and Communication Technologies (ICTS) enable us to see the connections between seemingly disparate issues, like transport and energy or health and economic growth,

economic and technological factors contributing to country†s innovation ecology that have an impact on sustainable economic growth.

and will be adapted to each case. 2. 7. Trends and future innovation In search of economic growth and job creation,

impact of sensitive technology to manage, business transformation, economic growth, knowledge preservation, food and water for all,

Only the use of new technologies will allow us to bridge the gap between economic growth

In the industrial era, they contributed to more products and economic growth. According to Brynjolfsson and Mcafee BRY 11, increases in jobs corresponds to increases in productivity,

showing economic growth with no parallel increase in job creation. Brynjolfsson and Mcafee call it the â€oegreat decouplingâ€.

what are the results in terms of economic growth and how the whole process is monitored. Figure 3. 2. Comparison between Maryland

They are adapted not to evaluate the progress in facing the main challenges, such as job creation, employment and economic growth.

these technologies should deliver sustainable economic growth. To accomplish this ambitious challenge, 101 actions grouped around seven key areas were elaborated.

It is considered also vital to the continued economic growth in Europe BLE 08. The EU aims at fostering favorable conditions through coordinated action including joint development of related skills.

such as incubators and clusters, hoping to attract companies and influence economic growth. Traditional policy is applied and there is still a misunderstanding of the difference between innovation and research,

There are no reports on how far this investment improved economic growth, job creation and young employment and has addressed other strategic European challenges.

and develop all-island business networks in sectors that are considered to be especially important for future economic growth,

They can make a material and positive impact on future social and economic growth. The State agencies are working to maximise the opportunities presented by this new pool of talent,

Many empirical studies have shown the aggregate relationships between entrepreneurship and SME activity and economic growth and job creation.

and business start-up rates are associated with more rapid economic growth (Audretsch and Thurik, 2001; Audretsch and Keilbach, 2005;

This is what is seen now generally by economists to be the major factor behind the bulk of economic growth, the growth that is not due to additions to capital and labour stocks.

Some of the ideas driving economic growth may be the result of scientific breakthroughs in large firms and universities,

although Drucker†s main focus is more on firm strategy and competitiveness than aggregate economic growth. l The entrepreneur as a breakthrough innovator.

Like Schumpeter, Baumol (2002) adopts a dynamic framework examining the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth.

It is oriented this innovation activity that promotes economic growth and solves social problems. In order to understand more fully how start-up enterprises

thus increasing the average productivity of the economy and driving economic growth. There is also an indirect impact,

which many economists understand economic growth. Investments in new knowledge are seen to spill over in part to other agents,

and economic growth through their role in promoting knowledge spillovers. The relationship may involve not just the role of new start-ups in exploiting knowledge themselves but also the role of new enterprises and SMES as participants in knowledge exchange networks within innovation systems, stimulating knowledge transfers from universities and other

Audretsch, D.,M. Keilbach and E. Lehmann (2006), Entrepreneurship and Economic growth, Oxford university Press, Oxford. Audretsch D. and R. Thurik (2001), â€oelinking Entrepreneurship to Growthâ€, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working papers, 2001/2, OECD, Paris. Audretsch, D. and R. Thurik

Firm Formation and Economic growth Paper No. 1, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, WASHINGTON DC. Stuart, T. 2000), â€oeinter-organisational Alliances and the Performance of Firms:

Entrepreneurship, Economic growth, and Policyâ€, in Z. Acs, D. Audretsch and R. Strom (eds.),Entrepreneurship, Growth,

and to stimulate sustainable economic growth and job creation. Market failure involves a number of different factors.

Understanding Economic growth, OECD,(2005) 4 Making it Happen †Growing Enterprise for Ireland, Forfã¡s, 2010 FORFà S EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE SUPPORTS FOR START-UPS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP 5 The Action Plan for Jobs published in 2012 places an increased emphasis on supporting indigenous start-ups.

The desire to proactively develop the enterprise base to stimulate sustainable economic growth and job creation has remained also constant,

and to stimulate sustainable economic growth and job creation. In general, companies that emanate from entrepreneurial activity are the feedstock for future employment and growth.

Financial market imperfections may be addressed by grant aid. 36 Action Plan †the European Agenda for Entrepreneurship, European commission, COM (2004) 37 Understanding Economic growth, OECD,(2005

and Challenges Relevant Government strategies over the period of review reflect the importance of supporting start-up companies as a means to stimulate economic growth and employment.

As an open economy that is reliant on export performance for economic growth, relative cost competitiveness comes into sharp focus for Ireland.

and start-ups are significant drivers of economic growth and that supporting entrepreneurs and start-ups has a key role to play in Ireland†s return to sustainable growth and job creation.

As such collaboration with academic and/or enterprise partners is often essential to realise the full potential of innovative business ideas in terms of economic growth and job creation.

innovation and entrepreneurship at the heart of driving increased productivity and economic growth. It reaffirms the importance of driving innovation in the indigenous company base and on increasing commercialisation of the R&d activity within the HEI€ s. In particular,

Innovation is viewed as an essential element for driving economic growth and the report emphasises the strong role of entrepreneurship and the commercialisation of academic R&d in increasing innovation.

which was developed in the context of Ireland†s challenging economic environment the plan emphasised the absolute need to support economic growth

and innovations from the higher education sector to promote economic growth, it states that â€oewe will promote

This increases the likelihood that the business idea is successful and ultimately leads to increased economic growth in terms of jobs and exports.

and the absolute need to support economic growth committed to introducing the Innovation Fund Ireland86 to â€oeattract international venture capital fund managers to Ireland,

unemployment and low economic growth in Ireland. It was recognised that micro enterprises (employing 10 or less people) could be a valuable source of employment and economic growth,

and that at that time, there was a gap in the provision of state supports to those enterprises.

In some instances, individual CEBS may have set out their own targets. 9. 4 Rationale for Government Intervention The role of entrepreneurship in driving economic growth is accepted well.

These refunds are made at national level to the State 116 OECD. 2005, Understanding Economic growth 124 9. 5 Alignment with National Policy During the period under review,

UK Public Policy and Open Innovation (Big Innovation Centre, September 2011). 6 11 Ambitious and innovative SMES are disproportionately effective in stimulating economic growth

THE THREE SOURCES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH 2. PRODUCTIVITY IN ALL INDUSTRIES 3. GROWTH OF HIGH PRODUCTIVITY INDUSTRIES 1. GROWTH IN WORKERS The second†the across-the-board â€oegrowth effect††occurs

and build international enterprises will bring real dividends via economic growth. This solid and continuous growth would solve the sovereign debt problem facing Ireland more quickly

and enterprise and therefore are neither efficient nor conducive to increasing strong economic growth. Governments everywhere try to encourage people to reinvest their earnings into the economy.

Ideas, structure, state action and economic growth: Rethinking The irish miracle. Review of International Political economy, 19 (1), 87-113.

International Policy Reports for Economic growth Cooney, T. M. Kidney, E. 2009) Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy in Ireland References-60-Joint Committee on Jobs, Enterprise

Entrepreneurship Development Index Structure 67 National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland4 As we move into a period of economic growth following one of the darkest periods in the history of the State,

the US and UK. 1. 1 Culture Entrepreneurship is a powerful driver of economic growth and job creation.

thereby positioning it as a key element in the economic growth agenda. This Policy Statement has set out the core objectives

and one of the most open economies in the world, trade is crucial to our economic growth.

Aims to increase the availability of risk capital for SMES to support economic growth through the continued development of the Seed

Aims to increase the availability of risk capital for SMES to support economic growth through the continued development of the Seed

2014 GLOBAL R&d FUNDING FORECAST U s. R&d investment up one percent to $465 billion Historic U s. commitment to research intensity expected to remain firm Economic growth continues to propel Asian R&d spending

where increasing research intensity amplifies the investment momentum that strong economic growth provides. In a world where scientific discovery and technology commercialization are truly global,

There is an important relationship between economic growth and research and development, between industry creation and political stability, and between the nurturing of research

•Given the current, weak economic environment in Europe, large increases in R&d investments are expected not for the next several years. •Emphasis by Southeast Asian countries on economic growth through increased

cost-effective energy sources and nanobiotechnology could stimulate rapid industry-scale economic growth. The research standouts in the â€oerest of the Worldâ€:

but R&d investments in this region still outpace the rest of the world. •U s. R&d investment is back on track with modest growth that is expected to continue through 2020. •China continues its unmatched economic growth

At current rates of R&d investment and economic growth, China could surpass the U s. in total R&d spending by about 2022.

Long-term economic growth is linked to research intensity The most important example of long-term R&d impact is U s. economic growth in the second half of the 20th century.

All countries seek economic growth, often amplified by the need for job creation to match rising populations:

•China†s middle class will expand from 35%to 75%over the next 10 years†a demographic statistic that reflects economic growth and, to some extent,

But efficient manufacturing alone is not adequate to maintain economic growth. Recognizing this, China intends to evolve from a manufacturing-centric model in 2013 to an innovation-based economy by 2020.

The ambitious program and globally enabled economic growth means that China has become an exporter of jobs into Asia to meet its own needs.

In addition to recognizing the strong linkage between R&d and economic growth, it is likely that the professional perspec-tives of China†s leadership are influential in science and innovation policy:

Most European countries are forecast to experience economic growth of about 1%through 2014, although Eastern European countries could see GDP (and related R&d) growth rates in the 1%to 2%range.

Most Asian countries are projected to experience significant economic growth in 2014. When GDP momentum is paired with national commitments to increase research intensity,

India†s projected rate of R&d funding growth in 2014 is only one-fifth that of its anticipated economic growth.

as global economic growth slows in the future (as it is projected to do), the supply of capital will fall short of demand by 2030.

see â€oesources of U s. Economic growth in a World of Ideas†(Jones 2002). ITIF and AAAS have done also important work on this topic.

and spending should be driven by the need to promote economic growth. Rather than concentrating on boosting aggregate demand

rather than on ways to increase economic growth. In addition, their proposals for spending and taxes seem to treat all outlays and revenues the same, regardless of their effect on growth.

Both effects would reduce economic growth, resulting in total budget savings significantly lower than what would be achieved by cutting true â€oenon-investment†spending.

Instead of focusing solely on the budget deficit, Congress and the Administration should take a more focused approach to reducing the budget deficit by adopting policies that boost economic growth,

drive economic growth and increase future incomes) and consumptive spending (expenditures that finance consumption of goods

However, once the effects of induced investment and higher economic growth were taken into account, ITIF estimated that the expanded credit would pay for itself after 15 years. 9 In other words,

including for manufacturers. 10 The evidence shows that higher corporate rates reduce economic growth, including reduced international competitiveness. 11 As a result,

a well-educated and trained workforce contributes to economic growth and competitiveness. 23 As a result, in addition to expanding the R&d tax credit to include corporate expenditures on training,

ï§A strategy for financing enhanced economic growth, and for ensuring that credit demand from growing businesses can be supplied;

The aim of the Action Plan for Jobs is to create the conditions to support private sector-led, export-oriented economic growth and job creation.

Net exports have continued to contribute to overall economic growth. A number of structural weaknesses remain that we will continue to address as part of the Action Plan process including diversifying our export base and destination markets and sources of inward investment,

Direct engagement with industry and entrepreneurial stakeholders has highlighted the key issue of broadband provision for economic growth, innovation and entrepreneurship in regional locations.

This innovative approach to funding SMES will enhance the long-term potential of the sector to drive economic growth and job creation in Ireland.

The overall vision of the Seed & Venture capital Scheme (2013-2018) is to increase the availability of risk capital for SMES to support economic growth through the continued development of the Seed

In previous recoveries economic growth was described as jobless, not because employment did not grow but because it took a long time for this growth in employment to translate into a commensurate reduction in the numbers of people on the Live Register.

which continued economic growth and sustainable employment creation across the country will be built. Enterprise Ireland supported companies created more than 19

The strategy will outline the key actions required to ensure that the agri-food sector maximises its contribution to economic growth and exports in an environmentally sustainable manner over the coming decade,

investment in infrastructure to underpin economic growth, enhancing firm level productivity, decreasing the costs of doing business,

The 2025 Agri-Food Strategy will set out the key actions required to maximise the contribution of the sector to economic growth

competitive and sustainable construction sector, capable of contributing to economic growth and job creation, and equipped to meet the future infrastructure needs of the country,

These trends, sluggish global economic growth, and elevated levels of debt and unemployment at home, all increase the importance of developing new sources of economic growth.

Action Plan for Jobs looks to the future to ensure that steps are taken now to prepare a path for further progress.

this section sets out specific activity for these new and emerging sources of economic growth where early,

clusters and incubators across the island of Ireland to stimulate economic growth and encourage investment and collaboration in the design sector. ï§Create a startup investment platform for creative industry entrepreneurs,

-Paulo Albuquerque & Yulia Nevskaya. pdf. txt Û The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development-Oncoiu. pdf. txt 0

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Rail Baltica tries to promote economic growth and integration in the Baltic region The project Rail Baltica and especially pre-studies and development phase have

capacity in terms of economic growth and renewal. Many of the new policies are concentrated on so called strategic action plans †Regional Growth Programmes

Innovation is arguably one of the main drivers of economic growth and the capacity to innovate among the most important factors enhancing competitiveness on a global scale

Nelson R. R. 1996), The Sources of Economic growth, London: Harvard university Press OECD (2010), SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Centre for Entrepreneurship

combined, would create economic growth and lead eventually to economic development. Economic growth would be the increased productivity in the existing activities;

economic development would come from the opening, through research and innovation, of new production branches or the birth of knowledge-based firms (OECD, 2005;

used in relation to competitiveness, sustainable economic growth, closing the structural heterogeneity gap in productivity, and the like, but not as a direct tool

The hypothesis that there is a trickle-down effect from economic growth to social inclusion, implicit in many analyses, is illusory;

Uruguay showed an unparalleled rate of economic growth: at the end of 2008, the country growth reached 8. 9 percent

violence related to the uneven economic growth and the persistence of social exclusion, from the bankruptcy of hundreds of firms and the damaging personal

policies, and a sustained economic growth. The persistence of these situations makes even more valid the premise from which the university program â€oeresearch

and shape economic policy in order to boost productivity, economic growth, quality of employment and social cohesion When this agreement expired, the signatories decided to revise its content

production system and economic growth, an essential condition for generating jobs and reducing the high unemployment rate. The Government will promote sectors with high

For instance, in order to foster economic growth based on increased productivity and quality job creation, it is necessary to improve mechanisms for

The Catalan ICT industry should act as a driving force behind economic growth helping to increase business productivity

and to generate economic growth through increased productivity and the creation of quality jobs. The Catalan

In order to foster sustained economic growth based on productivity, it is crucial to promote the creation of quality jobs.

and, in order to generate economic growth, fresh efforts are required to create a real market for the results of research and for patents.

capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion 'Very soon after the Lisbon Strategy was

restore the conditions for economic growth on which a basis of fair redistribution of wealth can be achieved.

contributes to economic growth and job creation and to the achievement of the digital single market through the increasing offer of

Finance is crucial to business success and an important factor for economic growth in Europe especially in view of any past or future economic crisis

-pact positively on economic growth and job creation in Irish SMES 10 Danish National Agency for Enterprise and Housing

to create sustainable Irish jobs and economic growth and design-driven innovation has a role to play

design as a tool for economic growth within the advanced materials and manufacturing sector The Service Design Programme began in July 2010

-pation, innovation and as an engine for economic growth and work. Rules and conditions for the global network can

unemployment not only hampers economic growth, for youth it can be a debilitating experience that affects their desire

problem is immense, holding back economic growth while stifling the aspirations of people recently entering the workforce and at the beginnings of their careers.

represents an opportunity for economic growth, the private sector has created not the number of jobs needed in the region to meet this demand.

For economic growth in the app economy, it is crucial for developers to be able to continuously update

energy-efficient economic growth, and environmental protection 5 ICT employability skills What skills are required to take advantage of the opportunities described in this report?

It is recognized widely that entrepreneurship is a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growth and employment opportunities around the world.

partnerships across sectors to spur innovation, economic growth and employment. International agencies have played a vital role by bringing attention to the urgent needs of youth, and convening governments

political leaders to set policies that undermine competitiveness and sap economic growth. Business is caught in a vicious

-ment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35 69growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe

ideals of freedom, social justice and economic growth are now being revisited. 19 This short history of the term gives some idea of its heuristic but ambiguous mean

this driver be geared solely to economic growth or should it serve the goals of social as well as economic cohesion?

for the sustainable development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social progress,

Portugal has to restore economic growth, employment, and make long-term structural reforms at all levels, but especially at institutional and economic levels (public sector, public services, competition, etc

-term unemployment without relying on economic growth as a panacea. Investing in health and education, preferably as early as possible (e g. through early childhood

community, including those on the margins of economic growth. LEADER also encourages interregional and cross-border cooperation and joint action between rural areas

solutions and approaches that contribute to economic growth, solve societal challenges create jobs and enhance Europe†s competitiveness.

economic growth of the past three decades. More recently there have been experiments in health insurance in Chongqing, and democratic

as those that aim at supporting long-term R&d investment and economic growth, whilst reducing income inequalities, and increasing competitiveness.

that innovation policy will support societal challenges and economic growth better in the future. In summary there is a need to reinvent European innovation public policies to guarantee transformational impact

as fostering economic growth, bridging the digital gap, creating innovative societies, or providing support to networks and civil society.

Fostering economic growth is an important motivation as well. The Living Lab for ICT-based Financial Services107 was created in spring 2010 by Ãoelemiste City AS and Mindware OÃOE.

and, therefore, to enhance economic growth Living labs aim at bridging the digital gap as well. Several of their projects have this motivation.

to economic growth and economic eï ciency: â€oethe decline in EU labour productivity growth rates in the mid-ï oe990s

economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social inclusion†by 20ï oe0, was interpreted as a need to boost

 The movement of information goods to centre stage as drivers of economic growth  The ever more widespread use of the peer-to-peer modes of conducting the distribution and utilisation of

efficient regulatory framework, will promote economic growth and play a key role in the EU€ s competitiveness strategy.

to win-win solutions for economic growth, social development and environmental protection Smartgrids Enhancing grid flexibility & robustness

Europe†s future competitiveness and economic growth More specifically, an Advisory Council has been established to develop and

economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Its multilateralism leads thus to it being on the agenda

throughout the EU, an essential element for future economic growth. These new rules will allow for well-designed state aid targeted at market failures without

strength of ICT's impact on economic growth based on a cross-section model of 60 countries â We ran a survey of 100 senior executives on the

behind on key measures of economic growth and productivity. This leaves Europe†s policymakers and business leaders wrestling with two puzzles.

ICT€ s impact on economic growth, based on a cross-section model of 60 countries. The report also makes extensive use of the Economist

economic growth in developed countries. At the same time, the impact of ICT is weak in emerging markets

economic growth and productivity gains. Big firms have no reason to be complacent, however; ICT -related management skills are lacking here too, and

measures of economic growth, most crucially that of labour productivity growth. The transatlantic productivity gap has diminished not since the Lisbon

economic growth. Our own analysis, presented later in the report, supports the hypothesis of a time lag:

economic growth and productivity has fascinated and perplexed governments academics and business leaders since the ICT â€oerevolution†began.

economic growth look to the example of the United States. America†s formidable growth since 1995 appears to explode the â€oeproductivity paradoxâ€, the

to deliver faster economic growth European effectiveness in harnessing ICT The Economist Intelligence Unit†s research confirms

Information and Communication Technologies to Economic growth in Nine OECD Countriesâ€, OECD Economic Studies, No. 34

OECD, 2003, â€oeict and Economic growth: Evidence from OECD Countries, Industries and Firmsâ€, Paris: OECD Oulton, Nick, 2001, â€oeict and Productivity Growth in the United

Economic growth and Labor Productivity in Poland 1995-2000†Warsaw: Tiger Working Paper Series No. 43

Easier access to information, increasing global scientific collaboration, economic growth and interconnectedness †together with rising levels of education in many parts of the world †have enabled a

and G. Fink,"Implications of Population Aging for Economic growth "PGDA Working Paper No. 64,2011. As of 08/03/2013:

Economic growth in China. Rising China: global challenges and opportunities. L. Song, and Golley J..Canberra:

Easterly, W,"Middle class Consensus and Economic Development,"Journal of Economic growth, Vol. 6 No. 4, 2001, pp. 317†335

Gordon, R.,â€oeis U s. Economic growth Over? Faltering Innovation Confronts the Six Headwinds, †NBER Working Paper No. 18315,2012.

The relationship between demographic change and economic growth in the EU. Research Report 32. Institut fã r Demographie, Ã sterreichische Akademie der

externalities, ultimately innovative, activity and economic growth. 14 50. There is also theoretic debate about the effect of competition on innovative activity.

so it interferes with economic growth. Knowing and understating the obstacles to innovation for SMES is important both to entrepreneurs/owners/managers but also to the government.

suite policies at national level in order to contribute to economic growth Figure 3: Barriers for R&d activities in Romanian SMES

Under these circumstances in which the SMES sector is a potential key factor for future economic growth and

for economic growth, job creation and innovation can come from SMES (Wennekers & Thurik, 1999) so ensuring a

formation, economic growth and infrastructure development. This is as true of Spain as it is of other economies round the world.

making new goods and services and generating economic growth. Universities now engage in industrial innovation through a variety of channels, including learning by researching, learning by

Policy, Economic growth and Convergenceâ€, Springer, Heidelberg CHAPTER II: HUMAN CAPITAL AND THE LABOUR MARKET Introduction Human capital development and labour market dynamics play a key role in a knowledge-based

increased, this is not employed appropriately enough to contribute significantly to economic growth Cuadrado-Roura, 2010 At present, Andalusia is experiencing an unemployment rate above 26.5%(as compared to 18

such as regional economic growth and competitiveness, can be contradictory. Job training seeks to help economically or educationally

contribute to economic growth not just by producing own products but also input to other firms allowing them to innovate in their processes or markets.

Economic growth and Workforce Development in the 1990s. Economic Development Quarterly, 14,340-359 Glaeser, E. L. and M. Resseger. 2009.

geared to favouring economic growth first and thus to give priority to the pro industry approach. â€

Paper Manufacturing. †In Microfoundations of Economic growth: A Schumpeterian Perspective, eds Gunnar Eliasson and et al.

and economic growth. There is a relationship between the entrepreneurial spirit and economic results in terms of growth, consolidation of the business framework, innovation, job creation, technological

above synopsis indicates that the rapid economic growth and other gains experienced in recent decades, which have resulted in the region approaching national averages,

innovation, competitiveness and economic growth in all regions, including Andalusia The region has deployed numerous public instruments

increase in jobs during the period of economic growth from the mid 1990s up until the present

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