Economic activity

Economic activity (227)
Economic collapse (8)
Economic crisis (152)
Economic downturn (45)
Economic growth (578)
Economic policy (93)
Economic stability (19)
Economic system (50)
Economic theory (35)
Economic value (126)
Economics (771)

Synopsis: Entrepreneurship: Economics: Economics: Economic activity:

which fueled more economic activity and created even more jobs. Then, beginning in 2000, the lines diverge;

when it took place a drastic contraction of the economic activity reflected in the decrease of the real GDP with 6. 6%.The decreasing trend continued in 2010,

Due to the economic crisis the level of economic activity diminished in Romania in the last years and SMES had to adapt their level of business to the market conditions from both the internal and the external markets.

l Entrepreneurs are those persons (business owners) who seek to generate value, through the creation or expansion of economic activity,

processes or markets. l Entrepreneurial activity is the enterprising human action in pursuit of the generation of value, through the creation or expansion of economic activity,

The intellectual property regime Confidence in the currency of intellectual property becomes even more fundamental to economic activity in the context of open innovation †securing market clarity is important here,

of Resources to Invention†in Nelson, R. R. ed.)The Rate and Direction of Economic activity, Princeton university Press, N y. Birkinshaw, J.,Bouquet, C. and Barsoux, J.-L. 2010

and hope that it will lead to enhanced economic activity, increased numbers of startups and increased engagement by all groups in the entrepreneurial arena.

and hope that it will lead to enhanced economic activity, increased numbers of startups and increased engagement by all groups in the entrepreneurial arena.

Enterprise and Innovation this segment of economic activity will continue to make a significant contribution to our wellbeing in the future.

identified that the recent downturn in economic activity has had a greater detrimental impact on rural areas than on urban ones.

and where manufacturing accounts for a significant share of economic activity. The characteristics associated with our ambition for manufacturing include Ireland being:

Government undertook to focus on competitiveness in all areas of economic activity. This is aimed at enhancing Ireland†s competitiveness, particularly in the area of costs,

The Energy efficiency Fund was established in early 2014 with the primary objective to address one of the predominant barriers to economic activity in the sector †the availability of credit that is structured properly and of appropriate term.

and to the goal of developing a competitive national economy, through the stimulus given by innovation to high value economic activities and jobs.

By encouraging the development of new economic activities RD&I policy measures strengthen Ireland†s competitive advantage and build potential new areas of economic activity.

Given Ireland†s small population, the nation is heavily dependent on the exporting sectors to generate the level of economic activity required to maintain our living standards

small and medium-sized enterprisesâ€, may be understood as â€oeany entity engaged in economic activity, irrespective of its legal form†(EC, 2003a).

G#3v 2344 Economic activity 0#4#economic activity Economic activity G#3v 2345 Economic collapse 0#4#economic collapse Economic collapse

0#4#financial collapse Economic collapse G#3v 2346 Economic crisis 0#4#economic crisis Economic crisis G#3v 2347 Economic downturn

Business enterprises are expected to lead the recovery of economic activity. To emerge from the crisis, it is necessary to boost business activity,

Catalan industrial sector, should lead the recovery of economic activity and job creation. However, all too often, SMES have neither the training nor the tools needed to

pursue the goal of reactivating economic activity, particularly as regards SMES Catalonia 2020 Strategy 33 6. 4. 10.

Public policies to support economic activity should promote the transition towards a more resource-efficient economy, as much out of necessity (decreasing dependency

economic activity and in public procurement In this respect, the Catalan Ecodesign Programme 2011-2012 (ECODISCAT) promotes sustainable production and consumption.

The public authorities should provide a framework for economic activity and public intervention that fosters business initiative and job creation whilst preserving the rights

to economic activity. In this respect, it is vital to carry out impact assessments of laws to integrate procedures

In order to facilitate economic activity, and as part of the process aimed at improving public services, it is essential to introduce the electronic administration as an

vital condition for generating economic activity in rural areas. Irrigation infrastructure also plays a strategic role in boosting

83 The app economy refers to the range of economic activity surrounding mobile applications. The app economy

Economic activities cannot help but be related to local cultures and regulations. The ability to produce solutions which

The digital ecosystem is the ICT infrastructure designed to support economic activities, which contains the socially

broad range of economic activities in a disparate set of industries across different countries 4. This section briefly explains

of production, such as land, labour and capital, towards knowledge-based economic activities. The ability of SMES in the OECD to create,

been the shift in economic activity away from a local or national sphere toward a much more international

The measures of transnational economic activity which prove there has been a strongly positive trend toward greater global activity include:

into knowledge-based economic activities 8. While some firms fell victim to the first strategy, many of the firms from OECD countries that

This alternative involves shifting economic activity out of traditional industries, where the high-cost countries of the OECD have lost their comparative advantage, and into

high levels of employment †knowledge based economic activity. Emerging comparative advantage that is 2 â€oethe Death of Distance, †The Economist, 30,september 1995

Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity many scholars have predicted the demise of SMES.

But in fact, the share of economic activity accounted for by SMES has risen in most OECD countries.

economic activities, but who share a common science base, is more conducive to innovation than a more

There is considerable evidence that the transnational economic activities of SMES have been increasing over time. Not only has the absolute value of foreign direct investment activities by small and

necessitating new forms of economic activity, there is a greater push for new types of skills businesses and governance.

making an environment and the quality of local life conducive to entrepreneurial economic activity The emphasis a region puts on any one of the two approaches is to some extent dependent on their

economic activity. Increasingly even economically less prosperous regions such as Andalusia are being exhorted to court entrepreneurship as part of an effective economic development strategy

As a small open economy with 50 percent of its economic activity accounted for by international

and 2) interactions with actors of related economic activities. Several initiatives support collaborative research efforts between industry and academia and firms (as outlined in the

assigned to one industrial or institutional sector based on their main economic activity. In Europe and East asia, applicants from the chemical industry clearly dominate, while in North

transmission media which allow transferring new scientific knowledge in economic activities and thus introducing new biotechnological products and methods on the market.

In terms of economic activity, the most prominent sectors in employment terms are the public sector, the financial services sector, and the retail trade sector.

the impacts in terms of a decline in economic activity and increases in unemployment. The more recent downturn in employment is marked particularly in both the construction and

economic activities will require higher levels of skills and innovation in order to increase their competitiveness potential Panama, at 40th place and nine ranks up since last

economic activity, the country still benefits from well -functioning institutions (24th) and good infrastructure 22nd). ) Moreover, a very high quality educational system

knowledge resources and linking them to a limited number of priority economic activities countries and regions can become â€

wide view of innovation that spans across economic activities and involves many sectors of the civic society

specialisation patterns and compare economic activities, including agriculture, and strengths with other regions in the EU

•are vital for the emergence of new economic activities and the creation of new and sustainable job opportunities101

challenge is the fact that much economic activity among the poor goes unmeasured by surveys, meaning that

which keeps much economic activity in the informal sector. 16 But positive business environment trends are taking place.

Industrial Classification of Economic activities within the European Communitiesâ€, known by the acronym NACE and originally published by

â€oegeneral Industrial Classification of Economic activities within the European Communities†known by the acronym NACE and originally published by Eurostat in 1970.

organising economic activity (Coase 1937, and Williamson, 1985. Consequently, the expectations regarding the potential of ICT as technologies introducing innovative ways

Brookings Papers on Economic activity, 31,1), pp. 125-235 Jovanovic, B. and Rousseau, P. L. 2005.

and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions social connections, and communication between people and organisations.

cost-benefit structure of the economic activities of the target. The greatest advantage of economic instruments is that they allow

18 per cent of total economic activity (Rayner & Bishop, 2013. This expansion could not have

amount of economic activity related to recycling will grow immensely and as political and social push will increase for all,

in economic activity, irrespective of its legal form†(EC, 2003a. As far as the size -component is concerned,

U s. economic activity in the private sector based on service revenues exceeds 82%(Rae, 2005 Moreover the research is largely European in content.

broad range of economic activities in a disparate set of industries across different countries 4. This section briefly explains

of production, such as land, labour and capital, towards knowledge-based economic activities. The ability of SMES in the OECD to create,

been the shift in economic activity away from a local or national sphere toward a much more international

The measures of transnational economic activity which prove there has been a strongly positive trend toward greater global activity include:

into knowledge-based economic activities 8. While some firms fell victim to the first strategy, many of the firms from OECD countries that

This alternative involves shifting economic activity out of traditional industries, where the high-cost countries of the OECD have lost their comparative advantage, and into

high levels of employment †knowledge based economic activity. Emerging comparative advantage that is 2 â€oethe Death of Distance, †The Economist, 30,september 1995

Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity many scholars have predicted the demise of SMES.

But in fact, the share of economic activity accounted for by SMES has risen in most OECD countries.

economic activities, but who share a common science base, is more conducive to innovation than a more

There is considerable evidence that the transnational economic activities of SMES have been increasing over time. Not only has the absolute value of foreign direct investment activities by small and

converting scientific knowledge into economic activity, and leading to the creation of a network for business start-ups and knowledge transfer.

economic activity where a country or region excels or has the potential to excel in the future. It empowers

transformation of economic activities from a structural perspective. It may in some cases mean modernising existing industries or enabling lagging sectors to improve their competitiveness through the

or accelerate the transformation and modernisation of economic activities in clusters. There are also important synergies and complementarities between smart specialisation and cluster policy (e g. promotion

and countries will specialise in certain economic activities according to their factor endowments (land, capital, human resources. Trade theory as elaborated by 19th century

existing economic activities with new or emerging activities e g. new line of productive activity)( diversification An entirely new domain

RTA), and the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) for economic activities, are used to avoid biases and to

across scientific, technological, innovative and economic activities both within regions and within global value chains INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:

processes have a real potential to create new economic activities or to transform existing industries. This

However, international databases on sectoral economic activity often aggregate many NACE or SIC codes into broad overarching sectors, such as †manufacturingâ€.

database contain many different sector-specific indicators for economic activity, including international trade, R&d expenditures, birth and death rates, High-Growth enterprises rates, turnover, value-added

In order to assess whether these processes have a real potential to create new economic activities or to

economy, innovation and creativity becomes a decisive factor in the economic activity because knowledge tends to be developed in the actual contexts.

and integrate this sector into the mainstream of economic activities (Luiz, 2002 In Zimbabwe, although SMES are currently at the forefront of local economic development and

Zimbabwe 80%of economic activities are in hands of SMES and big enterprises only contributes the remaining 20%(SEDCO Report, 2010.

Brookings Papers on Economic activity, 1987 783-820 â'Mazzoleni R, Nelson R R, Economic theories about the benefits and costs of patents, Journal of

For Ireland, two measures of economic activity are employed, GNP and GDP. GDP for Ireland is inflated by the inclusion of profits of inter-firm

economic activity. BERD as a percentage of GNP has increased from 0. 93 per cent in 2003 to

†Brookings Papers on Economic activity 23 (1992; Jonathan Temple and Hans-Joachim Voth, â€oehuman capital, equipment investment,

-sion†s definition any entity engaged in an economic activity, irrespective of its legal form is considered an enterprise.

economic activities For more information on the SME definition, please visit the European commission website at http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/sme definition/sme user guide en. pdf

to concentrate on those sectors of economic activity where, for reasons of location, infrastructure or natural resources, it has a competitive advantage.

the prioritisation of complementarity between related economic activities, and fi nding better ways to combine their strengths,

areas of high economic activity (yellow to red areas Source: Gutierrez et al. 2013 Figure Box 5. 7:

/13 Mobile phone records have been used to infer locations of economic activity within, and patterns of migration to, slum areas

This will create the conditions for economic activity based on open data and will stimulate cross-border applications

of enterprises with economic activity %4. 1%3. 6 %Share of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and

service activities in information technology overall the turnover of economic activity %1. 0%1. 1 %Source: http://www. insse. ro/cms/files/publicatii/Societatea%20informationala%202014. pdf

These are an increasingly significant part of economic activity and they offer important opportunities to small firms.

leading or lagging countries) and sectoral distribution of economic activity, as well as size factors 9 I. BENEFITS AND USE BY SMALL BUSINESSES

it still accounts for a relatively small proportion of economic activity for firms of all sizes

economic activity, as well as size factors 44 REFERENCES Baldwin, J. R. and D. Sabourin (2002), â€oeimpact of the Adoption of Advanced ICTS on Firm Performance in

on economic activities. However, it is not possible to directly measure the share of employment, GDP,

from the centre of the world economic activities Chile enhanced its longstanding commitment to trade liberalisation with the signing of 57 free

disruption in Chile†s economic activity (17. Although Chile†s economic rebound was owed partly to the

Papers on Economic activity, 1, 125†211 Kargon, R, S Leslie and E Schoenberger 1992. Far beyond big

and support higher levels of economic activity and improved quality of life There is a distinctive settlement pattern in the South†East Region

economic activity in rural areas will be based on the region†s extensive and attractive coastline, river valleys and

-opment challenge is shifting from one of managing growth to stimulating economic activity in a positive and

Economic activity in indigenous companies is dispersed more widely across the region. The competitiveness of this sector will depend on local infrastructure, broadband and telecommunications and access improvements

A combination of strong locally based economic activity, with high added value inward investment, will be key to

of value-added shore based economic activity. This would contribute substantially to the economic development of the region

development within the Rosslare-Dublin corridor has significant potential for generating economic activity in the Southeast Region

Certain conditions must apply to support increased economic activity and regional competitiveness if more spatially balanced patterns of development are to evolve

•The potential for development of economic activity must be driven by advantages derived from exchange of

A critical mass of economic activity and opportunities will be facilitated by Development of Waterford Regional Airport Improved public transport services and facilities as recommended by the Waterford City Public transport

The potential of larger towns and District Towns to support sustainable economic activity will need to be supported

economic activity. For Park & Ride to operate successfully, facilities should be located •adjacent to railway stations

in terms of value-added shore based economic activity. This would contribute substantially to the economic development of the region.

economic activity. The regional airport has potential for expansion and an increased role in access to Ireland

economic activity in a positive and sustainable manner Within the context of the current economic downturn, a national and regional spatial development

local economic activity and wider regional benefits A key step in the implementation of the Regional Planning Guidelines will,

economic activity in a positive and sustainable manner Within the context of the current economic downturn, a national and regional spatial development

To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches

2. To promote new emerging economic activities through research, creativity and innovation in order to create and exploit new market niches

To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches

4. Potential to generate new economic activity and employment, based on such factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies

to provide tools to explore new economic activities based on a market opportunity, a technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation by stakeholders

role in the emergence of new economic activities, improving the efficiency of production processes and reorienting the production system towards segments of greater added

-Generation of new opportunities for economic activity and employment -Efficient use of resources (green economy There follows a description of the general characteristics of each of these tools (T) and

RIS3CAT promotes new, emerging economic activities based on market opportunities technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation amongst stakeholders from

uses broadband infrastructure to connect companies and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value and

To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches

2. To promote new emerging economic activities through research, creativity and innovation in order to create and exploit new market niches

To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches

4. Potential to generate new economic activity and employment, based on such factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies

to provide tools to explore new economic activities based on a market opportunity, a technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation by stakeholders

role in the emergence of new economic activities, improving the efficiency of production processes and reorienting the production system towards segments of greater added

-Generation of new opportunities for economic activity and employment -Efficient use of resources (green economy There follows a description of the general characteristics of each of these tools (T) and

RIS3CAT promotes new, emerging economic activities based on market opportunities technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation amongst stakeholders from

uses broadband infrastructure to connect companies and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value and

knowledge resources and linking them to a limited number of priority economic activities countries and regions can become â€

wide view of innovation that spans across economic activities and involves many sectors of the civic society

regional specialisation patterns and compare economic activities, including agriculture, and strengths with other regions in the EU

•are vital for the emergence of new economic activities and the creation of new and

Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment -West Region (2009)..23 Figure 9:

facilitating the development of new economic activities through entrepreneurship and experimentation. 1 II. Romania†s West Region is developing a smart specialization strategy, assisted by the World

and a high concentration of economic activity and exports. A number of challenges must be overcome to shift the region†s productive system towards higher value added activities and accelerate

Second, economic activity is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half the region†s turnover and employment,

iii) evaluated the linkages between economic activity, trade and location in order to identify the challenges of further developing

Economic activity rate (2011; Source: Eurostat 5 Data for 2010; Source: Eurostat 6 Persons aged 25-64 with tertiary education attainment(%;

Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region 2009 Source: Calculations based on data from INS:

Income disparities are linked to the concentration of population and economic activity in the main urban areas. While the cities of Arad (and its eastern and western fringes) and Timiè oara

for relatively less economic activity than their population would suggest. Overall, value added per capita in the urban localities of the West Region stood in 2010 almost 2. 4 times greater than that in rural

Economic activity is concentrated increasingly by sector, firm size and firm ownership 56. Economic activity in the West Region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent

about half of the region†s turnover and employment25. According to the World bank report â€oecompetitiveness of West Romania Firms:

employment in 2010 and the concentration of the West Region economic activity around them has increased between 2008 and 2010.26

the development of new economic activities through measures which support entrepreneurship and experimentation, the current chapter proposes areas for policy action both on a horizontal level

but not to focus on specific economic activities 81. Each cluster has its own constraints and specificities that will shape the future development of

Economic activity is increasingly concentrated by sector, firm size and firm ownership Export performance is very

Third, economic activity in the region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half of the region†s turnover and

characteristics either of concentration of economic activity, as it is Timisoara-Arad conurbation, or areas lagging behind the rest of the region,

concentration of economic activities Integrated Territorial Investment Jiu Valley. Jiu Valley can become a flourishing area if

takes place at a territorial level in economic activities, scientific areas and technological domains that are potentially competitive and generators of new

scientific areas and economic activities) where the region is competitive The search for opportunities through the exploitation of the territorial related

Both in Asturias and Spain there has been a widespread decrease of economic activity, with the construction sector most affected with a reduction in employment of around 40%.

b) High concentration of economic activity in the industrial sector c) Strong presence of foreign industrial investment with decision centers outside of Spain

for companies and economic activities related to ICT and excessive disintegration of projects •Productive fabric primarily consisting

for generating new economic activity and an innovative expansion, starting from development of existing internal resources

Beginning with the regional specialisation, boosting both existing economic activities and generation of new activities through diversification is sought.

the creation or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new products, processes or markets

value, through the creation or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new products, processes or markets

Rev. 3 for the classification of economic activities (see Annex 2. A1 The breakdown of enterprises by size class used by national bureaus of statistics varies

economic activity. The first type illustrates the basic characteristics of firm spatial distribution based on quantiles; the second type is built from a statistical algorithm for

complementary economic activities with a common science base is more conducive to innovation in terms of returns to R&d investments than narrow sector specialisation

concentrates its economic activity. For a number of reasons, including geographical proximity to financial and administrative institutions, the place where the company sets

its core economic activities Besides location bias, other characteristics of commercial databases can indirectly alter the consistency of territorial data calculated from this sort of source

by classification variables (economic activity, firm size and location. Such a deviation potentially generates biased economic indicators.

economic activity by identifying and exploiting new products, processes of markets. It may occur through new business creation or within SMES, large firms and the public and non

and the skills gap may offer routes to inclusion, economic activity and financial independence for the most disadvantaged groups in the population.

will account for 66%of global economic activity and about 85%of global technological and scientific innovation

in terms of economic activity generated and jobs created This strategy will entail convincing Tourism Ireland of the benefit of marketing the Southeast to overseas markets as a distinct brand

"Brookings Papers on Economic activity 2: 347-420,1988 Beckett, Samuel, Waiting for Godot: A Tragicomedy in Two Acts, 2nd ed.,London:

"Brookings Papers on Economic activity 2: 273-318 Pine, B. Joseph II, Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition, Boston:

The sample was designed to offer results by branch of economic activity and by Autonomous Community As regards Electronic commerce, any transaction carried out through telematic networks is

-quences, and by enabling novel low-impact economic activities, such as virtual indus -tries or digital assets.

any sort of economic activity (here networking in the areas of Internet-based and telecommunications-based communications for a variety of lower-level network/tele

seen as an economic activity where generally no transfer of ownership is associated with the service itself and the benefits are associated with the buyers†willingness to

All city economic activities and utilities can be seen as inno -vation ecosystems in which citizens and organisations participate in the development

the economic activity because knowledge tends to be developed in the actual contexts. Technical progress leads to innovation waves and

effective participation in economic activities in or involved. The substance of this upgrade though is situated in a great range of

SMES in strategies of development economic activity Results This study analyses the quantitative and qualitative results of

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