Business Expenditure on Research and Development BERD 2011/2012 FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 1 Table of contents Table of contents 1 Executive Summary 3 Caveats 5 1. Business Expenditure on Research and development, 2011/2012 6 Figure 1: Trend in BERD and BERD as a percentage of GNP, 2003-2012 6 Figure 2: Trend in BERD and BERD as a percentage of GDP, 2003-2012 7 Figure 3: BERD intensity for Ireland, EU and OECD, 2003-2011 7 Figure 4: International comparisons of BERD intensity, 2011 8 Figure 5: Irish and foreign BERD, 2003-2011 9 Figure 6: Current and capital expenditure on R&d, 2003-2011 9 Table1: Total BERD by NACE Industrial sector, 2009-2011 10 Figure 7: Manufacturing and Services BERD, 2003-2011 11 Figure 8: BERD by firm size, 2003-2011 11 Figure 9: BERD by funding sources, 2007-2011 12 2. Human resources in Research & development 13 Figure 10: Total research personnel (headcount and FTES), 2003-2011 13 Figure 11: Total researchers (headcount and FTES), 2003-2011 13 Figure 12: Research personnel by occupation (headcount), 2003-2011 14 Figure 13: Research personnel by occupation (FTES), 2003-2011 15 Figure 14: Research personnel by ownership (headcount), 2003-2011 15 Figure 15: Research personnel employed by sector (headcount), 2003-2011 16 Figure 16: Research personnel employed by firm size (headcount), 2003 -2011 16 Figure 17: Research personnel employed by gender (headcount), 2003-2011 17 Figure 18: Researchers employed by gender (headcount), 2003-2011 17 Figure 19: International comparison of female researchers as a percentage of total researchers in the business sector, 2010 18 Figure 20: Total researchers (Phds and other) headcount, 2003-2011 19 2 Figure 21: Phd researchers by firm ownership (headcount), 2003-2011 20 Figure 22: Phd researchers by sector, 2003-2011 20 Figure 23: Phd researchers by gender, 2003-2011 21 Figure 24: Level of qualification at which firms are likely to employ researchers between 2012 and 2017 21 3. Number of R&d-performing firms 23 Figure 25: Number of R&d-active firms by ownership, 2003-2011 23 Figure 26: All R&d-active firms by expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 23 Figure 27: Number of Irish firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 24 Figure 28: Number of foreign firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 24 Figure 29: All R&d-active firms by firm size, 2003-2011 25 Figure 30: Small firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 25 Figure 31: Medium/Large firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 26 Figure 32: All firms by industrial sector, 2003-2011 26 Figure 33: Manufacturing firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 27 Figure 34: Services firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 27 4. Types of Research and development 28 Figure 35: Types of R&d spending by all firms, 2003-2011 28 Figure 36: BERD in manufacturing firms by type of research, 2009-2011 29 Figure 37: BERD in service firms by type of research, 2009-2011 29 Figure 38: Types of R&d spending by Irish firms, 2003-2011 30 Figure 39: Types of R&d spending by non-Irish firms, 2003-2011 30 Figure 40: Types of R&d spending by small firms, 2003-2011 31 Figure 41: Types of R&d spending by medium/large firms, 2003-2011 31 5. Collaboration Activity 32 Figure 42: Percentage of firms engaged in any collaboration activities, 2003 -2011 32 Figure 43: Percentage of firms engaged in collaborative research by firm size 2011 32 Figure 44: Percentage of firms engaged in collaborative research by ownership 2011 33 Figure 45: Percentage of firms engaged in collaborative research by sector 2011 33 FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 3 Executive Summary The biennial Business Expenditure on Research and development (BERD) Survey 2011/2012 is jointly conducted by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and Forfã¡s and the most recent data was released by the CSO on 19 february 2013. This survey examines R&d activities performed across the business sector in 2011. The key findings include Aggregate levels of BERD (2011 ï§Enterprises across all business sectors in Ireland spent â 1. 86 billion on in-house research and development (R&d) activities in 2011, a 1. 3 per cent increase on 2010 Enterprises active in R&d in 2011 estimated an R&d spend of 1. 96 billion in 2012, an increase of 5. 5 per cent ï§Business R&d intensity (BERD as a percentage of GDP) reached 1. 17 per cent in 2011 1. 46 per cent of GNP. Finland had the highest BERD intensity in the EU with 2. 67 per cent of GDP ï§Foreign owned enterprises accounted for 71 per cent of the total business R&d spend in 2011 ï§The vast majority of expenditure on R&d by businesses (86 per cent) in 2011 was current expenditure (wages of R&d staff etc. and 14 per cent on capital expenditure e g. buildings, equipment, licence payments etc ï§61 per cent of BERD was generated in the services sector in 2011 ï§Medium and large enterprises (more than 50 employees) accounted for almost three -quarters of BERD in 2011 ï§89 per cent of BERD funding was from company funds in 2011, down from 92 per cent in 2009 Human resources in R&d (2011 ï§There were over 19,000 research personnel in the business sector, a 21 per cent increase since 2009 and more than 14,000 full time equivalents (FTES ï§More than half of R&d personnel (headcount) were employed in foreign owned firms ï§The majority of R&d personnel (63 per cent) were employed in the services sector ï§Medium to large companies employed two thirds of all research personnel ï§There were 10,618 researchers or 8, 996 FTES employed in the business sector ï§Of total researchers in the business sector, 22 per cent were female. Iceland had the highest proportion of female researchers in the business sector at 32 per cent ï§15 per cent of all business sector researchers held a Phd qualification 4 Number of R&d performing firms (2011 ï§The number of R&d performing firms increased by 25 per cent from 2009 to 2011 to over 1, 600 and almost three quarter were owned Irish ï§Of firms engaged in R&d activities, 58 per cent were in the services sector and 42 per cent in manufacturing ï§Small firms with less than 50 employees accounted for 69 per cent of all R&d active firms ï§More than 72 per cent of all R&d performing enterprises spent less than â 500k on R&d activities and one in ten enterprises were engaged in large scale R&d activities spending in excess of â 2 million ï§Half of foreign-owned firms engaged in mid to large scale R&d (in excess of 500k compared with 19 per cent of Irish firms ï§Almost half of medium to large sized firms engaged in mid to large scale R&d activities compared with 18 per cent of small firms ï§In both the manufacturing and services sectors, 27 per cent of firms were engaged in mid to large scale R&d activities Type of research (2011 ï§R&d expenditure was concentrated mostly in experimental development, accounting for 71 per cent of all expenditure ï§Nearly two-thirds of Irish enterprises were engaged in experimental development compared to three-quarters of foreign owned companies ï§Small enterprises were more likely to engage in applied research (28 per cent) than medium and large enterprises (23 per cent Collaboration ï§Of all R&d performing firms, 35 per cent engaged in joint research projects with other parties in 2011 ï§40 per cent of medium to large firms engaged in collaborative research projects compared with 33 per cent of small firms. Of all collaboration partners, both small and medium/large firms were most likely to collaborate with Higher education Institutes HEIS) in Ireland ï§Foreign owned firms were more likely than Irish firms to collaborate with research partners, with 44 per cent and 32 per cent respectively engaged. Foreign owned firms were most likely to collaborate with other firms outside Ireland, and Irish firms with HEIS in Ireland ï§The most likely collaboration partner for all firms was HEIS in Ireland, rather than HEIS outside of Ireland or collaborations with other firms either within or outside Ireland FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 5 Caveats ï§The survey of expenditure on research and development in the business sector (BERD has been conducted by the CSO since 2007 and prior to that Forfã¡s conducted the survey. Methodological changes were introduced in the BERD 2007/2008 survey and as a result comparisons between the Forfã¡s and CSO surveys should be treated with caution this is especially the case with detailed sectoral comparisons as there are sectoral differences in the CSO business register when compared with the Forfã¡s business register ï§Another factor to allow for is when aggregating the subsectors up to total manufacturing and total services, pre 2007 Forfã¡s included the following 2 sectors under manufacturing whereas the CSO include them under services ï Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying ï Electricity, gas supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation; construction ï§BERD 2009/2010 uses the NACE Rev. 2 classification and BERD 2003-2007 uses the NACE Rev 1. 1 classification ï§The register of likely performers of research and development also changes between surveys ï§To differentiate between the surveys conducted by the CSO and those conducted by Forfã¡s, Forfã¡s survey data is represented in the following charts by a perforated line If you require further information about this survey please contact Helena Connellan Survey Unit Forfã¡s Wilton Park House Wilton Place Dublin 2 Ireland Tel:++353-1-607 3018 www. forfas. ie 6 1. Business Expenditure on Research and Development, 2011/2012 Aggregate levels of BERD in Ireland, 2003-2011 Figure 1 presents details of aggregate levels of R&d expenditure by enterprises in Ireland between 2003 and 2011 and an estimate for 2012,2010 is also an estimate as BERD is a biennial survey which collects the outturn for the odd year and an estimate for the even year Enterprises in Ireland spent â 1. 86 billion on in-house research and development in 2011 and an estimated spend of â 1. 96 billion in 2012, a 5. 5 per cent increase. BERD has remained static over the period 2009-2011 with an average annual growth rate-0. 24 per cent compared with growth rate of 9. 15 per cent per annum between 2003 and 2009 Figure 1: Trend in BERD and BERD as a percentage of GNP, 2003-2012 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 1 also details the BERD intensity or relative importance of BERD to the national economy between 2003 and 2012. For Ireland, two measures of economic activity are employed, GNP and GDP. GDP for Ireland is inflated by the inclusion of profits of inter-firm activities of multinational firms but GNP excludes these profits giving a truer measure of economic activity. BERD as a percentage of GNP has increased from 0. 93 per cent in 2003 to 1. 46 per cent in 2011 and is estimated to reach 1. 47 per cent in 2012. The increase in BERD intensity from 2009 to 2011 is entirely due to a fall in GNP as BERD remained unchanged during that period FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 7 Figure 2: Trend in BERD and BERD as a percentage of GDP, 2003-2012 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 2 shows BERD intensity using GDP as the denominator. The higher GDP figure yields a lower BERD intensity which increased from 0. 78 per cent in 2003 to an estimated 1. 20 per cent in 2012 Figure 3: BERD intensity for Ireland, EU and OECD, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys, OECD MSTI 2012-2 0. 93%0. 96%0. 99 %1. 41%1. 41 %1. 46 %0. 60 %0. 80 %1. 00 %1. 20 %1. 40 %1. 60 %1. 80 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2010e 2011 BERD as a percentage of GNP Ireland BERD as a percentage of GDP Ireland BERD as a percentage of GDP EU 27 BERD as a percentage of GDP OECD 8 Figure 3 shows Ireland's performance on BERD intensity relative to the EU 27 and OECD averages. In 2009, BERD as a percentage of GNP for Ireland at 1. 41 per cent surpassed the EU 27 average of 1. 17 per cent. In 2011, BERD as a percentage of GNP reached 1. 46 per cent above the EU 27 average of 1. 2 per cent and below the OECD average of 1. 58 per cent Figure 4: International comparisons of BERD intensity, 20111 Source: CSO databank, OECD MSTI 2012-2 Figure 4 shows Ireland's BERD intensity performance relative to other OECD countries. Israel had the highest BERD intensity in 2011 at 3. 51 per cent, followed by Japan at 2. 72 per cent and Finland at 2. 67 per cent. Ireland's BERD intensity (when taken as a percentage of GNP) at 1. 46 per cent was significantly above the EU 27 average and below the OECD average of 1. 58 per cent 1 Where data for 2011 was unavailable the next closest year was used 0. 16 %0. 16 %0. 17 %0. 23 %0. 25 %0. 36 %0. 54 %0. 68 %0. 69 %0. 70 %0. 75 %0. 85 %0. 89 %0. 98 %1. 07 %1. 09 %1. 11 %1. 17 %1. 20 %1. 28 %1. 37 %1. 43 %1. 44 %1. 46 %1. 49 %1. 58 %1. 83 %1. 87 %1. 89 %1. 90 %2. 09 %2. 11 %2. 34 %2. 53 %2. 67 %2. 72 %3. 51 %0. 00%0. 50%1. 00%1. 50%2. 00%2. 50%3. 00%3. 50%4. 00 %Chile Mexico Greece Poland Slovak Republic Turkey New zealand Italy Portugal Spain Hungary Norway Canada Luxembourg Netherlands United kingdom Czech republic Ireland (GDP EU-27 Australia Belgium France Iceland Ireland (GNP Estonia Total OECD Slovenia Austria United states Germany Denmark Switzerland Sweden Korea Finland Japan Israel FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 9 Figure 5: Irish and foreign BERD, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 Figure 5 shows business spending on R&d by ownership between 2003 and 2011. Foreign companies account for the majority of total BERD with a fairly constant 70 per cent share over the period and reaching â 1. 32 billion in 2011. Irish BERD increased to â 537 million in 2011 from â 330 million in 2003, an increase of 75 per cent Figure 6: Current and capital expenditure on R&d, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Current expenditure on R&d amounted to â 1. 6 billion in 2011 accounting for 86 per cent of total BERD. Current expenditure increased by 5 per cent over 2010 and by 69 per cent since 330 390 443 563 583 537 578 775 939 1, 160 1, 305 1, 250 1, 323 1, 384 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 (est) 2011 2012 (est â ms Irish Non-Irish 953 1, 140 1, 324 1, 543 1, 532 1, 607 1, 732 153 189 280 326 301 253 229 0 200 400 600 800 1, 000 1, 200 1, 400 1, 600 1, 800 2, 000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 (est) 2011 2012 (est â ms Current costs Capital costs 10 2003 as shown in Figure 6. Capital BERD expenditure totalled â 253 million in 2011 falling from a peak of â 326 million in 2009 and is expected to decline to â 229 million in 2012 Table 1: Total BERD by NACE Industrial sector, 2009-2011 Sector 2009 â m 2011 â m Agriculture, forestry, fishing mining and quarrying (A-B) 3. 6 3. 6 Manufacturing (C) 743.3 718.5 Electricity, gas supply Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation Construction (D-F 4. 6 19.0 Wholesale and retail trade repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles transport and storage (G-H 166.6 178.6 All other service activities (I, O-U) 7. 9 9. 6 Information and communication services (J) 487.9 571.2 Financial and insurance activities (K) 157.5 47.6 Real estate professional, scientific and technical activities (L-M) 291.0 292.5 Administrative and support service activities (N) 6. 0 19.0 Total BERD (05 to 99) 1, 868.5 1, 859.6 Source: CSO databank Table 1 shows the breakdown of expenditure on R&d performed in the business sector in 2009 and 2011. Expenditure on R&d in the manufacturing sector decreased by â 24.8 million(-3. 3 per cent) in 2011 Electricity, gas supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation and construction increased expenditure by â 14.5 million, more than quadrupling the spending on R&d since 2009 R&d expenditure in the services sector increased by 15.9 million (1. 4 per cent) over 2009 The following sectors had significant increases in R&d expenditure in 2011 ï§Information and communication services-â 83.3 million (17.1 per cent ï§Administrative and support service activities had increased an spend of â 13 million tripling the R&d spend in the sector since 2009 Offsetting these increases in R&d expenditure was a significant decrease of â 110 million(-70 per cent) in the Financial services sector in 2011 FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 11 Figure 7: Manufacturing and Services BERD, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 7 highlights the shift from a manufacturing to service economy between 2003 and 2011 in expenditure on R&d. Expenditure on R&d in services increased from â 434 million in 2003 to â 1. 14 billion in 2011, an increase of 163 per cent compared with a 7 per cent increase in manufacturing over the period. Of total BERD in 2011,61 per cent was generated in the services sector, a complete reversal since 2003 when 61 per cent of BERD was generated in the manufacturing sector. Methodological changes were introduced in the BERD 2007/2008 survey and as a result comparisons between the Forfã¡s and CSO surveys should be treated with caution, this is especially the case with detailed sectoral comparisons as there are sectoral differences in the CSO business register when compared with the Forfã¡s business register. Also, when aggregating the subsectors up to total manufacturing and total services pre 2007 Forfã¡s included the following 2 sectors under manufacturing whereas the CSO include them under services ï§Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying; and ï§Electricity, gas supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation, construction Figure 8: BERD by firm size, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 672 884 914 743 710 718 778 434 445 689 1, 125 1, 124 1, 141 1, 184 0 200 400 600 800 1, 000 1, 200 1, 400 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 (est) 2011 2012 (est â ms Manufacturing Services 265 320 278 300 326 495 519 840 1, 009 1, 325 1, 568 1, 507 1, 364 1, 442 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010e 2011 2012e â ms Small Medium/Large 12 Figure 8 shows BERD by size of firm, with medium/large firms with 50+employees holding the majority share between 2003 and 2011. Medium/large firms made up almost three quarters of BERD at â 1. 4 billion in 2011. However, the share of total BERD accounted for by small firms less than 50 employees) increased from 24 per cent in 2003 to 27 per cent in 2011. Small firms almost doubled BERD expenditure between 2007 and 2011, from â 278 million to â 519 million Figure 9: BERD by funding sources, 2007-2011 Source: CSO databank Figure 9 shows that the bulk of funding for R&d performed in the business sector comes from company funds accounting for 89 per cent of total BERD in 2011 and down from a 92 per cent share in 2009. The residual share of funding comes from public funds, funding from higher education institutes, private nonprofit institutes and other sources 87%92%89 %6 %4%6 %8%3%5 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2007 2009 2011 Own company/internal funds Public funding All other sources FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 13 2. Human resources in Research & development This section focuses on personnel in R&d in the business sector between 2003 and 2011. R&d personnel includes researchers (Phd qualified and other) technicians and all other R&d support staff Figure 10: Total research personnel (headcount and FTES), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 10 shows that over 19,000 employees or 14,000 on a full time equivalent (FTE) basis were engaged in R&d in 2011. Personnel engaged in R&d increased by 3, 295 (a 21 per cent increase) since 2009 and by 7, 034 employees over the decade Figure 11: Total researchers (headcount and FTES), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 9, 281 10,328 10,956 11,959 14,120 12,034 13,626 13,950 15,773 19,068 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 All research and development staff FTES All research and development staff (headcount 6, 013 6, 758 7, 262 7, 733 8, 996 6, 607 7, 698 8, 242 8, 960 10,618 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Researchers (FTES Researchers headcount 14 The number of researchers employed in businesses in Ireland increased from 8, 960 in 2009 to 10,618 in 2011. Since 2003 an extra 4, 011 researchers were employed in the business sector There were 8, 996 FTES employed in the business sector in 2011, an increase of 50 per cent since 2003 Figure 12 shows research personnel in the business sector by occupation. The following staff increases were observed between 2003 and 2011 ï§the number of Phd qualified researchers increased more than threefold from 467 to 1, 551 ï§other researchers increased from 6, 140 to 9, 067, a 48 per cent increase ï§the number of research technicians employed increased by 60 per cent from 2, 799 to 4, 479 ï§R&d support staff increased by 51 per cent from 2, 627 to 3, 971 in 2011 Figure 12: Research personnel by occupation (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 13 shows the same classification as above in FTE terms. Comparing 2011 data from Figure 12 and 13 shows the occupations spending most of their time on R&d (as determined by FTES divided by headcount) are Phd researchers (87 per cent), other researchers (84 per cent), technicians (72 per cent) and support staff (48 per cent 467 829 1, 179 1, 639 1, 551 6, 140 6, 869 7, 063 7, 321 9, 067 2, 799 3, 096 2, 949 3, 572 4, 479 2, 627 2, 831 2, 760 3, 241 3, 971 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Phd qualified researchers Other researchers Technicians Support staff FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 15 Figure 13: Research personnel by occupation (FTES), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys More than half (53 per cent) of R&d personnel were employed in foreign owned firms in 2011, a reversal of the situation in 2003 when 52 per cent were employed in Irish firms as shown in figure 14 below. Research personnel in foreign firms increased from 5, 729 in 2003 to 10,133 in 2011, a 77 per cent increase and Irish firms saw an increase of 42 per cent, from 6, 305 to 8, 934 research personnel respectively Figure 14: Research personnel by ownership (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 396 735 1, 046 1, 477 1, 350 5, 616 6, 023 6, 216 6, 256 7, 646 1, 909 2, 314 2, 156 2, 599 3, 227 1, 359 1, 256 1, 539 1, 628 1, 897 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Phd qualified researchers Other researchers Technicians Support staff 6, 305 6, 749 6, 022 6, 986 8, 934 5, 729 6, 876 7, 928 8, 787 10,133 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 R&d personnel (Irish) R&d personnel (non-Irish 16 Figure 15 below mirrors figure 7 which related to R&d expenditure by sector. As with R&d expenditure, the majority (63 per cent) of R&d personnel resides in the services sector in 2011, a complete turnaround from the situation in 2003 when 59 per cent of R&d personnel were employed in manufacturing. As detailed in the caveats section, sectoral comparisons between pre-2007 and post-2007 surveys should be treated with caution due to methodological changes that were introduced in 2007 Figure 15: Research personnel employed by sector (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys As with expenditure, medium/large firms employ the majority of R&d personnel, accounting for two thirds of all R&d personnel in 2011 and up from a 62 per cent share in 2003 as shown in Figure 16 Figure 16: Research personnel employed by firm size (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 7, 141 8, 311 6, 631 6, 088 7, 043 4, 896 5, 310 7, 320 9, 685 12,025 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 14,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Manufacturing Services 4, 591 5, 125 3, 815 4, 443 6, 490 7, 442 8, 501 10,135 11,330 12,578 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 14,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Small(<50 persons engaged) Medium/Large (50+persons engaged FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 17 Figure 17 shows R&d personnel over the decade classified by gender. Over three-quarters of all R&d staff were male in 2011. Female R&d personnel accounted for 22 per cent of the total in 2003 and the proportion had increased slightly to 24 per cent in 2011. In absolute terms there was an increase of 1, 934 female R&d personnel since 2003 compared with an increase of 5, 101 male personnel over the period Figure 17: Research personnel employed by gender (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 18 shows researchers in the business sector categorised by gender. An additional 1, 030 female researchers are employed in the sector since 2003. In 2011,2, 370 female researchers were employed accounting for 22.3 per cent of total researchers in the business sector. This compares with 1, 340 female researchers in 2003, a 20.3 per cent share Figure 18: Researchers employed by gender (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 2, 668 3, 079 3, 522 4, 172 4, 602 9, 365 10,546 10,428 11,601 14,466 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Female R&d personnel Male R&d personnel 1, 340 1, 557 1, 929 2, 310 2, 370 5, 267 6, 141 6, 313 6, 650 8, 248 0 2, 000 4, 000 6, 000 8, 000 10,000 12,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Female researchers Male researchers 18 Figure 19 shows how Ireland compares internationally in terms of the share of female researchers employed in the business sector. Iceland had the highest share of female researchers at 31.8 per cent Figure 19: International comparison of female researchers as a percentage of total researchers in the business sector, 2010 Source: CSO databank, OECD MSTI 2012-2 7. 5 %11.4 %11.9 %12.7 %14.2 %15.2 %16.3 %16.5 %18.7 %19.4 %19.5 %19.9 %20.5 %20.9 %21.6 %22.3 %22.3 %22.3 %23.6 %23.7 %23.9 %24.0 %24.5 %25.5 %28.2 %28.9 %29.1 %29.9 %31.8 %0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35 %Japan Luxembourg Korea Germany Netherlands Czech republic Austria Finland Switzerland Poland France United kingdom Italy Slovak Republic Hungary Norway Ireland (2011 Israel Turkey Slovenia Denmark Belgium Chile Sweden Greece Estonia Spain Portugal Iceland FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 19 Researchers by qualification Figure 20 shows researchers with a Phd qualification and other researchers ï§Researchers employed in the business sector with a Phd qualification almost quadrupled between 2003 and 2009, from 467 to 1, 639 ï§All other researchers increased by 19 per cent between 2003 and 2009 from 6, 140 to 7, 321 ï§The number of Phd researchers declined in 2011 to 1, 551, a fall of 5 per cent ï§All other researchers increased in 2011 to 9, 067, a 24 per cent increase or additional 1, 746 researchers Figure 20: Total researchers (Phds and other) headcount, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys In 2011,15 per cent of all researchers in businesses held a Phd qualification down from 18 per cent in 2009. However, the share of researchers with a Phd qualification in the business sector more than doubled since 2003 from 7 per cent to 15 per cent in 2011 467 829 1, 179 1, 639 1, 551 6, 140 6, 869 7, 063 7, 321 9, 067 0 1, 000 2, 000 3, 000 4, 000 5, 000 6, 000 7, 000 8, 000 9, 000 10,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Phd qualified researchers (headcount) Other researchers (headcount 20 Figure 21: Phd researchers by firm ownership (headcount), 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Researchers with a Phd qualification are dispersed fairly evenly in Irish and foreign firms with 45 per cent employed in Irish firms and 55 per cent in foreign firms in 2011, the same shares as in 2003 as shown in figure 21 Figure 22: Phd researchers by sector, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 22 shows Phd researchers are concentrated more in the services sector since 2009 with the sector accounting for two thirds of all Phd researchers employed in the business 45%41%39%43 %45 %55%59%61%57 %55 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Phd qualified researchers (Irish) Phd qualified researchers (non-Irish 103 306 483 1, 080 1, 024 364 523 696 559 527 0 200 400 600 800 1, 000 1, 200 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Selected services Manufacturing industries FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 21 sector. This contrasts with the profile in 2003 when only 22 per cent of all Phd researchers were working in services. Phd researchers in both sectors have declined slightly since 2009 Figure 23: Phd researchers by gender, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 23 shows the gender breakdown of Phd researchers over the decade with female Phd researchers increasing their share of the total cohort from 19 per cent in 2003 to 28 per cent in 2011 Figure 24: Level of qualification at which firms are likely to employ researchers between 2012 and 2017 Source: CSO databank 87 181 318 509 436 380 648 861 1, 130 1, 115 0 200 400 600 800 1, 000 1, 200 1, 400 1, 600 1, 800 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Female Phd qualified researchers Male Phd qualified researchers 7 %31 %25 %29 %22 %38 %38 %36 %35 %14 %18 %19 %36 %17 %19 %16 %0%20%40%60%80%100 %Diploma Bachelors Masters Phd Very likely Likely Not likely No 22 Firms were asked at what level of qualification they were likely to recruit more researchers The results in figure 24 show that ï§69 per cent of firms were very likely or likely to recruit to researchers at Bachelor†s degree level (down from 74 per cent in 2009 ï§65 per cent were very likely or likely to recruit at Phd degree level (up from 64 per cent in 2009 ï§63 per cent were very likely or likely recruit at Master†s degree level (down from 68 per cent in 2009 ï§only 29 per cent were very likely or likely to recruit at Diploma level (down from 38 per cent in 2009 FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 23 3. Number of R&d-performing firms In this section data gathered on the number of R&d-active companies and the levels of R&d expenditure by ownership and sector and firm size is examined Figure 25: Number of R&d active firms by ownership, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 25 shows the total number of firms engaged in R&d activities between 2003 and 2010 More than 1, 600 firms were R&d active in 2011, of which 74 per cent were owned Irish and 26 per cent foreign-owned. An additional 484 firms are performing R&d since 2003; Irish-owned R&d performers grew by 37 per cent over the period and foreign-owned by 65 per cent Figure 26: All R&d active firms by expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 26 examines the number of firms in each R&d expenditure category. In 2011,73 per cent of all enterprises spent less than â 500,000 on R&d activities compared with 77 per cent in 2003 accounting for an additional 305 firms in this expenditure range over the period. One 1125 1370 1206 1283 1609 873 1025 817 952 1192 252 345 389 331 417 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 All firms Irish firms Non-Irish firms 451 546 419 435 539 411 453 398 439 628 181 253 226 277 288 39 68 90 65 84 42 50 73 67 70 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m 24 in ten enterprises spent in excess of â 2 million in 2011 up from 7 per cent of R&d-active firms in 2003, but accounting for an additional 73 firms in this expenditure range since 2003 Figure 27: Number of Irish firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 27 examines the number of Irish firms in each R&d expenditure category. In 2011 firms spending less than â 500k on R&d activities accounted for 81 per cent of all enterprises down from an 85 per cent share in 2003. In absolute terms there was an additional 220 firms in this expenditure range over the period. 3 per cent of firms spent in excess of â 2 million in 2011 up from 2 per cent in 2003, accounting for an extra 19 firms in this spend category since 2003 Figure 28: Number of foreign firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 28 shows the number of foreign firms in each R&d expenditure category between 2003 and 2011. In 2011, firms spending less than â 500k on R&d activities made up 50 per cent of all 412 470 328 384 460 328 361 293 352 500 112 161 147 170 192 15 23 37 34 25 6 10 12 12 15 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m 39 76 91 51 79 83 92 105 87 128 69 92 79 107 96 24 45 54 31 59 36 40 61 55 55 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 25 enterprises up from a 48 per cent share in 2003. In absolute terms, this accounts for a further 85 firms in this expenditure category over the period. In 2011,27 per cent of foreign firms spent in excess of â 2 million up from a 24 per cent share of R&d-active firms in 2003 and accounting for 54 extra firms in this spend category since 2003 Figure 29: All R&d active firms by firm size, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 29 shows the total number of R&d active firms by firm size. Overall the number of R&d performers has increased by 43 per cent from 1, 125 in 2003 to 1, 608 in 2011. Small R&d firms less than 50 employees) increased by 41 per cent since 2003, from 757 firms to 1, 109 firms in 2011. Medium/large R&d performing firms (more than 50 employees) increased by 48 per cent since 2003 to 499 firms in 2011 Figure 30: Small firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 30 shows small firms'R&d expenditure categories from 2003 to 2011. In 2011,910 firms spent less than â 500k on R&d compared with 667 firms in 2003, a 36 per cent increase in small scale R&d activity over the period. In 2011,33 firms spent in excess of â 2 million on R&d, up from 19 firms in 2003, a 74 per cent increase 787 931 702 818 1109 338 438 504 465 499 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Small firms Medium/Large firms 383 459 326 352 465 284 306 231 285 445 101 138 110 159 166 13 25 31 18 26 6 4 4 4 7 0 200 400 600 800 1, 000 1, 200 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m 26 Figure 31: Medium/large firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 31 shows the distribution of R&d expenditure for medium/large sized firms since 2003 In 2011,121 firms invested over â 2million in R&d, compared with 63 firms in 2003, a 92 per cent increase in large-scale R&d activity over the period. Enterprises investing between â 500k and â 2 million (mid-scale R&d activity) increased by 52 per cent from 80 firms in 2003 to 122 firms in 2011 Figure 32: All firms by industrial sector, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Over 1, 600 enterprises were engaged in R&d activities in 2011, of which 58 per cent were in the services sector and 42 per cent in manufacturing. This contrasts with 74 per cent of R&d -performing firms in the manufacturing sector in 2003 and 26 per cent in services (Figure 32 68 87 93 83 74 127 147 167 154 182 80 114 116 118 122 27 42 59 47 58 36 47 69 63 63 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m 831 952 667 640 682 294 417 539 642 926 0 500 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Manufacturing Services FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 27 Figure 33: Manufacturing firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 33 shows the distribution of R&d spending for manufacturing firms between 2003 and 2011. The total number of manufacturing firms engaged in R&d has fallen from 831 firms in 2003 to 682 in 2011. In 2011,497 manufacturing firms spent less than â 500k on R&d activities compared with 658 firms in 2003, a 25 per cent reduction in the number of firms engaged in small scale R&d activity. One in ten firms (65 firms) spent in excess of â 2 million on R&d in 2011 compared with 52 firms in 2003, a 25 per cent increase in large scale R&d activity Figure 34: Services firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 34 shows the R&d spend categories for services firms between 2003 and 2011. Services firms engaging in R&d have increased exponentially since 2003 from 294 firms to 926 firms in 2011. In 2011,257 firms spent in excess of â 500k on R&d activities compared with 91 firms in 2003 356 413 242 221 230 302 301 230 227 267 120 164 118 131 120 28 38 37 30 31 24 35 41 31 34 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1, 000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m 95 132 177 214 308 108 152 168 212 361 61 88 108 145 168 11 29 54 35 53 18 16 32 36 36 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1, 000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 <â 100k â 100k-â 500 â 500k-â 2m â 2m-â 5m>â 5m 28 4. Types of Research and development R&d activity is categorised by the following three types of research 1. Basic research (experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge, without any particular application or use in view 2. Applied research (original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge primarily directed towards a specific practicakl aim or objective 3. Experimental development (systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and practical experience that is directed to producing new materials products and devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed R&d expenditure in the business sector in Ireland has been concentrated mostly in experimental development projects ranging from 50.5 per cent of total BERD in 2005 to 71.4 per cent in 2011. The share of total R&d spending accounted for by basic research fell from 12 per cent in 2005 to 4. 6 per cent in 2011. Similarly, the share of total R&d dedicated to applied research decreased from 37.6 per cent in 2005 to 23.9 per cent in 2011 as shown in figure 35 below Figure 35: Types of R&d spending by all firms, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 36 shows the share of R&d expenditure in the manufacturing sector accounted for by applied research projects increased from 24.3 per cent in 2009 to 26.5 per cent in 2011. More than two thirds of research expenditure in the manufacturing sector was spent on experimental development projects in 2009 and 2011 8. 9%12.0%10.1%6. 5%4. 6 %24.7 %37.6 %33.2 %25.5%23.9 %66.4 %50.5 %56.7 %68.0%71.4 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Basic Applied Experimental FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 29 Figure 36: BERD in manufacturing firms by type of research, 2009-2011 Source: CSO databank Figure 37 shows a strong focus on experimental development projects in the services sector making up almost three quarters of R&d expenditure. The services sector now holds the majority share of total BERD, driving the increased focus overall on experimental development projects over the decade Figure 37: BERD in service firms by type of research, 2009-2011 Source: CSO databank Figure 38 shows BERD spending by type of research in Irish owned firms. The majority of BERD spending is on experimental development projects and has increased from 58 per cent of total expenditure in 2003 to 64 per cent in 2011 6. 9 %24.3 %68.8 %5. 5 %26.5 %68.1 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %Basic research Applied research Experimental development 2009 2011 6. 2 %26.3 %67.5 %4. 1 %22.3 %73.6 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %Basic research Applied research Experimental development 2009 2011 30 Figure 38: Types of R&d spending by Irish firms, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Nearly two-thirds of Irish enterprises were engaged in experimental development (figure 38 compared to three-quarters of foreign owned companies (figure 39) in 2011. The share of total expenditure accounted for by basic research projects fell from a 10 per cent share in 2003 to a 7. 6 per cent share in 2011 but holds a higher share than non-Irish firms (3. 4 per cent share in 2011) as shown in figure 39. Applied research projects accounted for a higher share of relative BERD in Irish firms (23.9 per cent in 2011) compared with a 22.1 per cent share in non-Irish firms. In absolute terms, however non-Irish companies spend significantly more on all types of research accounting for 70 per cent of total BERD Figure 39: Types of R&d spending by non-Irish firms, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 10.0%10.6%7. 5%6. 7%7. 6 %32.0%31.4%35.4 %22.9 %28.3 %58.0%58.0%57.0 %70.4 %64.0 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Basic Applied Experimental 8. 5%12.5%11.1%6. 4%3. 4 %22.0 %40.1 %32.4 %26.6 %22.1 %69.5 %47.3 %56.5 %66.9 %74.5 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Basic Applied Experimental FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 31 Figure 40 below shows the trend in BERD by type of research for small firms and figure 41 for medium/large firms Figure 40: Types of R&d spending by small firms, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys With the exception of 2005 small enterprises were more likely to engage in applied research than medium and large enterprises Figure 41: Types of R&d spending by medium/large firms, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys 10.6%11.4%7. 9%9. 1%4. 0 %29.2%31.4%36.7%29.9 %27.5 %60.2%57.2%55.4%61.0 %68.5 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Basic research Applied research Experimental development 8. 3%12.2%10.6%6. 0%4. 9 %23.3 %39.5 %32.5 %24.7%22.6 %68.4 %48.3 %56.9 %69.3%72.5 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %100 %2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Basic research Applied research Experimental development 32 5. Collaboration Activity This section examines the extent to which firms in Ireland engage in joint research projects with other institutions or businesses Figure 42: Percentage of firms engaged in any collaboration activities, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 42 shows the share of all R&d active firms engaged in joint research projects from 2003 to 2011. Collaboration rates decreased over the period remaining stable with 35 per cent of all firms engaged in joint research projects in 2009 and 2011 Figure 43: Percentage of firms engaged in collaborative research, by firm size, 2011 Source: CSO databank Figure 43 shows collaboration rates for small and medium/large sized firms in 2011 Medium/large firms engaged in a higher share of collaborative research projects with any research partners, with 40 per cent engaged, while 33 per cent of small firms engaged in any R&d collaboration. Businesses mostly partnered with higher education institutes in Ireland 57 %36 %42 %35%35 %0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %Engaged in any collaboration 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 10 %16%17 %8 %33 %17 %22 %24 %8 %40 %0 %5 %10 %15 %20 %25 %30 %35 %40 %45 %Other firms in Ireland Other firms outside Ireland Higher education or other institutes in Ireland Higher education or other institutes outside Ireland Engaged in any collaboration Small Medium/large firms FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 33 with 17 per cent of small firms collaborating with HEIS and almost a quarter of medium/large firms Figure 44: Percentage of firms engaged in collaborative research by ownership, 2011 Source: CSO databank Figure 44 shows the share of Irish and foreign owned firms engaged in collaborative research projects in 2011. Foreign-owned firms showed higher rates of collaboration with all R&d partners in 2011. The highest rate of collaborative R&d activity for Irish firms at 19 per cent was with HEIS in Ireland. Foreign firms were more likely to collaborate with firms outside of Ireland with 27 per cent engaged in joint research projects Figure 45: Percentage of firms engaged in collaborative research by sector, 2011 Source: CSO databank Figure 45 shows the share of manufacturing and services firms engaged in joint R&d projects in 2011. With the exception of collaborations with other firms in Ireland, services firms had higher collaboration rates with all other partners. Overall, 36 per cent of services firms engaged in collaborative R&d compared with a third of manufacturing firms 11 %15 %19 %7 %32 %15 %27 %21 %10 %44 %0 %5 %10 %15 %20 %25 %30 %35 %40 %45 %50 %Other firms in Ireland Other firms outside Ireland Higher education or other institutes in Ireland Higher education or other institutes outside Ireland Engaged in any collaboration Irish-owned Foreign-owned 13 %16 %19 %6 %33 %11 %20%20 %9 %36 %0 %5 %10 %15 %20 %25 %30 %35 %40 %Other firms in Ireland Other firms outside Ireland Higher education or other institutes in Ireland Higher education or other institutes outside Ireland Engaged in any collaboration Manufacturing Services 34 Forfã¡s Board members Eoin O†Driscoll (Chairman Chairman, Southwestern Martin Shanahan Chief executive, Forfã¡s Mark Ferguson Director General, Science Foundation Ireland John Murphy Secretary general, Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation Barry O'Leary Chief executive, IDA Ireland Frank Ryan Chief executive officer, Enterprise Ireland Michael O†Leary Secretary to the Board, Forfã¡s FORFà S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 35 Recent Forfã¡s publications Social Enterprise in Ireland: Sectoral Opportunities and Policy Issues Forfã¡s July 2013 Ireland†s Construction Sector: Outlook and Strategic Plan to 2015 Forfã¡s July 2013 Annual Report 2012 Forfã¡s July 2013 National Skills Bulletin 2013 EGFSN July 2013 Monitoring Ireland†s Skills Supply: Trends in Education and Training Outputs 2013 EGFSN July 2013 Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact 2011 Forfã¡s July 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor July 2013 Annual Employment Survey Forfã¡s July 2013 Ireland†s Competitiveness Performance 2013 Forfã¡s May 2013 Making It In Ireland: Manufacturing 2020 Forfã¡s April 2013 Future Skills Needs of the Manufacturing Sector to 2020 EGFSN April 2013 Sectoral Regulation Forfã¡s April 2013 EGFSN Statement of Activity EGFSN March 2013 36 Costs of Doing Business in Ireland 2012 Forfã¡s March 2013 Vacancy Overview 2012 EGFSN February 2013 Action Plan for Jobs 2013 Forfã¡s, DJEI February 2013 A Review of the Equity Investment Landscape In Ireland Forfã¡s January 2013 Regional Labour markets Bulletin 2012 EGFSN January 2013 A Review and Audit of Licenses Across Key Sectors of The irish Economy Forfã¡s December 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor September 2012 Annual Employment Survey 2011 Forfã¡s August 2012 National Skills Bulletin 2012 NCC July 2012 Monitoring Ireland†s Skills Supply †Trends in Education and Training Outputs 2012 EGFSN July 2012 Ireland†s Competitiveness Scorecard 2012 NCC July 2012 Forfã¡s Annual Report 2011 Forfã¡s July 2012 Key Skills for Enterprise to Trade Internationally EGFSN June 2010 Sustainability of Research Centres Advisory Science Council June 2012 The publications of Forfã¡s and the advisory groups to which it provides research support are available at www. forfas. ie To sign up for our email alerts contact us at info@forfas. ie or through the website August 2013 Forfã¡s Wilton Park House Wilton Place Dublin 2 Tel:++353 1 607 3000 Fax:++353 1 607 3030 www. forfas. ie

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