| 3g (93) |  |
| 3gpp (29) | |
| 4g (34) | |
| Gsm (44) | |
| Mobile telecommunications technology (4) | |
| Umts (30) | |
and its context that may influence a solution. 3g (generation) organization of innovation may be more successful than 1g only.
and 3g, LTE/4g, and other mobile telephone communication protocols. V. COMPARATIVE METRICS FOR THE U s. VERSUS EUROPE Making the grid smarter requires considering all aspects of smart grids as part of the decision-making process.
ñ§ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿöç hþ 3g ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿe á f; ÿÿÿÿs ä ÿÿÿÿ ý ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ! ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¤!¤ù s ÿÿÿÿúà ì!
G#4v 7093 3g 0#5#3g 3g G#4v 7094 3gpp 0#5#3gpp 3gpp
0#5#3rd generation partnership project 3gpp G#4v 7095 4g 0#5#4g 4g G#4v 7096 GSM
3g or 4g and Wi-fi: It enables seam -less handoffs and simultaneous use of multiple networks, providing the
3g or 4g and Wi-fi: It enables seam -less handoffs and simultaneous use of multiple networks, providing the
new technologies such as 3g and 4g and a lack of new competitors (mobile virtual network
The in-vehicle technologies needed 3g telecom -munications for the accuracy and speed of delivery to make
a similar problem occurred with the European 3g rollout. Moreover, the United states was the first nation to take advantage of the â€oedigital
to be at least as broad in 2020 as that of 2g and 3g networks today
expected to be at least as broad in 2020 as that of 2g and 3g networks today
as great as that of 2g and 3g wireless today. 50 This seems to imply that most remote, low
1. 6 Rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network, 2009-2012.8 1. 7 Fibre and microwave routes, share of route kilometres (left)
countries, 3g subscriptions overtook 2g subscriptions in 2010 and 3g growth is flattening In developing countries, the large majority of
subscriptions are still 2g, but 3g is growing rapidly and will overtake 2g subscriptions in a
few years. 4g4 services came onto the market only recently and 4g subscriptions still account
Data on 3g population coverage are less available. According to ITU estimates, global 3g population coverage stood at around 50 per cent
by end 2012, and there were still sizeable rural -urban gaps. Rural population coverage ranged from 100 per cent in the Gulf countries of United
more and more countries are deploying 3g +technologies and services, and given the strong growth in mobile-broadband subscriptions.
3g 4g %1g 2g 3g 4g %0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
90 100 Developing countries Chapter 1. Recent information society developments 8 Chart 1. 6: Rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network, 2009-2012
Source: Partnership (2014) based on ITU data Percentage of rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile
network 2012 or 2011 Percentage of rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network 2010
Percentage of rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network 2009 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 11 31 32 32
Korea was the first country to offer 3g services commercially in 2002, and LTE was offered first
were covered by a 3g signal and 26 per cent of the population was covered by an LTE network. 12
were late adopters of 3g technology. For instance, mobile-broadband services were only commercialized in mid-2013 in Burkina faso, 21
Congo, 3g was launched in late 2011 by Airtel Congo, and the entry of a second operator (MTN
and by 2013 operator CVMOVEL had expanded 3g services to all the islands of the archipelago. 23
expanded its 3g services, which had been limited to the nation†s capital Thimphu, to 15 out of 20
The launch of 3g was much anticipated in Thailand, following the long delay in the auctioning of 3g licences.
In December 2012, licences were awarded finally to three Thai operators, 34 providing high-speed mobile Internet connectivity to users.
value following the introduction of 3g services in 2012/2013, there were still a few countries that
On the other hand, 3g mobile -cellular coverage was comparatively low for 0 1 2 3 4 5
23 http://www. cvmovel. cv/nacional-gsm-3g-edge-e-gprs 24 http://www. telecomasia. net/content/bhutan-telecom-expand-3g-network
25 http://www. tashigroup. bt/?/p=1058 and http://www. kuenselonline. com/tashicell-goes-3g/#.
/#U4rlg3ksx8e 26 http://www. kuenselonline. com/530-increase-in-mobile-broadband-users/#./#U4rsghksx8e 27 Purchased capacity
While 3g networks are continuing to be built and expanded across the region numerous countries saw some important
Burkina faso, 3g was launched finally in 2013 reaching a penetration of 9 per cent by end
as 3g licences were awarded finally to three Algerian operators by end 2013.10 Penetration is also extremely low in Yemen (0. 3 per cent
In Thailand, where 3g was launched very late, wireless-broadband penetration went up from 11 per cent in 2012 to more than 50 per
household penetration of 50 per cent and a 3g penetration rate of 32.5 per cent by 2015.18
region to launch 3g services in 2007.21 Since then, operators have expanded their mobile -broadband networks beyond the main cities
operator launched its 3g services in early 2013 increasing competition in the market. 25 Operators
LTE licences or further extended 3g coverage in 2013, spurring growth in the mobile sector
3 http://www. cvmovel. cv/nacional-gsm-3g-edge-e-gprs 4 http://www. telegeography. com/products/commsupdate/articles/2014/04/24/mtn-reports-210-1m-subscribers
10 http://www. telecompaper. com/news/algeria-awards-3g-licences-to-all-three-bidders--972965
-into-3g-sector /26 Data reported by the country refer to 2012 27 http://www. verizonwireless. com/wcms/consumer/4g lte. html and http://www. telecompaper. com/news/verizon-wireless
This compares with a global 3g coverage of around 50 per cent by end 2012, highlighting
population are covered by a 3g network, and this figure will grow as more and more mobile -broadband networks are deployed, until
eventually 3g coverage approaches mobile -cellular coverage (93 per cent. As 3g networks become ubiquitous and therefore accessible to
most of the population, affordability will be one of the most decisive factors for actual uptake of
This reflects the early launch of 3g services in Europe28 and the maturity achieved in the mobile
-broadband plans, see http://www. orange. ci/menu-mobile-3g/pass-internet-3g. html 28 The UMTS auctions took place in 2000 and 2001 in Europe (Van damme, 2002 and OECD,
and the Republic of korea, where 3g licences were awarded in 2000. In most developing countries, on the other hand, 3g
licences were granted not until much later. In large emerging countries such as China and India, for instance, 3g licences
were awarded in 2009 and 2010, respectively. See for instance Xia (2011) and India†s Department of Telecommunication press
network (2g, 3g, etc..These data are potentially also very useful for building a rich profile of
3g, LTE) employed. Mobile network operators can use the IMEI number to identify the specific mobile handset being used by a subscriber
Technology utilized (2g, 3g, DSL/ADSL, etc Billing address Passive positioning data e g. cell ID
3g, LTE-Advanced, etc. but also on the types of service that subscribers are using, and the
•The technology used (2g, 3g, etc The most common use of such data is for basic
to 3g networks, the handset will always connect to an antenna that supports 3g, even if it is further away.
Despite these location errors or limitations that can occur in analyses using such passive location data, at an aggregate level (temporal
technology (e g. 2g, 3g, LTE), and it can be used for the collective categorization of handsets
Xia, J. 2011), The third-generation-mobile (3g) policy and deployment in China: Current status, challenges, and prospects
or equal to, 512 Kbps. 15) Rightel (Tamin Telecom) has been given license to operate 3g services and started
3g mobile coverage (96%)and the most recent fast development of LTE coverage, driving fixed to mobile
good 3g coverage but below average for 4g Page 136 of 170 further developments of the market
0, 92%a travã s de WIMAX, el 0, 78%a travã s de 3g y el 0, 41%restante puede acogerse
0, 92%a travã s de WIMAX, el 0, 78%a travã s de 3g y el 0, 41%restante puede acogerse
0, 92%a travã s de WIMAX, el 0, 78%a travã s de 3g y el 0, 41%restante puede acogerse
empresas con acceso a Internet el 34,3%es mediante telefonã a mã vil de Banda ancha (mã dem 3g.
empresas con acceso a Internet el 34,3%es mediante telefonã a mã vil de Banda ancha (mã dem 3g.
empresas con acceso a Internet el 34,3%es mediante telefonã a mã vil de Banda ancha (mã dem 3g.
solutions (90.4%)and 3g or 4g mobile phones (74.2 %Companies with an Internet connection by type of that connection
-By means of 3g or 4g modem 55.0 51.1 73.7 88.6 -By means of Mobile 3g or 4g 74.2 71.7 86.4 92.4
Other mobile connections (GPRS, EDGE, etc. 23.7 21.0 35.8 50.6 Website availability and use The main services offered by companies with 10
with easy-to-use 3g USB modems and attractive business models. Based on the cur -rent trends in telecommunications, vendors prognosticate that mobile networks will
3g and beyond Progress of mobile and wireless communication systems introduced some funda -mental changes. The most drastic among them is that IP has become the unique access
In 3g UMTS architectures centralized and hierarchical mobility anchors are Flat Architectures: Towards Scalable Future Internet Mobility 43
Some of the above solutions are standardized already 12 13 33 for 3g and be -yond 3g architectures where the introduced architectural evolution is in progress:
E -UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or LTE (Long term Evolution) base stations (enodebs) became distributed in a flatter scheme allowing
-bility Approach for 3g SAE. In: Proc. of 19th PIMRC, ISBN: 978-1-4244-2643-0 (Sept
-cesses content, via wireless LAN and 3g, from a provider that controls both end user devices and content servers 26 †for example, Nokia or Apple controls both the
key requirement for systems beyond 3g. In: VTC 2005-Spring, IEEE 61st Vehicular Technology Conference (2005
and digital cellular systems (IMT-2000, Third Generation, 3g) and 4g subscriptions, but excludes mobile broadband subscriptions
of ICT services, including 3g telephony, retail Internet access services, international long distance calls, and international gateways.
-2000, Third Generation, 3g) and 4g subscriptions, but excludes mobile broadband subscriptions via data cards or USB modems
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