-ured risks and reap the benefits of new higher -expectation businesses Academic Perspectives on Innovation 2. 0
groups share resources, risks, and decisions jointly The eclectic team works together to build product roadmaps that identify the pathways from research
research, of risk, and the potential for breakâ throughs in manufacturing technology that only happen when we bring everyone together
-ing the risk in selected areas by precommercial pro -curement tools. These procurements taking some
risk can be very transformative by nature when looking at future services of public interest becom -ing more user-centric
risks, as well as decreasing investment needs for SME, micro-organisations and start-ups, since they can share resources without mobilising so much
that identifies risk situations along an intra-logis -tics process chain and encourages stakeholders to
avoided the risk of overlooking some UX types, elem -ents and properties, which are playing an import
-eases †still a key threat to human life, untreatable neurodegenerative and malignant diseases, over
that risk taking is a key step towards innovation; that building networks is instrumental, such as converting a blacksmith
one or two years, then taking the risk of free float -ing information is worthwhile
Ownership, accountability and personal risk taking are positioned at the centre of the innovation process (10
opportunities and took risks. They created busi -ness ventures but also democratic civil society institutions. This entrepreneurial talent should be
-nation to take calculated risks, fail, learn from the mistakes and resiliently continue on the chosen
we need to think more in terms of risk and rewards sharing than in conditions for access In this context we shortly discuss some of the iden
and various levels or risk bearing abil -ities. Typically in the ecosystems the parties are
benchmark as well as for future risk control This paper aims to report two innovative govern -ments †Australia and Chile, which the author
are ruled also by risk criteria and are supervised by a third regulatory body (3). The soundness of the Chil
countries and does not pose an immediate threat Australia managed to avoid sharp downturns even
their potential future threat may raise some topics for further contemplation Events Australia Chile Financial rescue-Cut interest rates by 100 basis points in October
entrepreneurship and foster taking risks. It is known only a small percentage of all startups will succeed
encourage him to take risks. Easy funding and tax breaks policies, among other activities to help start
and risks of the initia -tive. Some have argued that most of the poor get deprived of what they need because of corruption
and risks; and fostering active discussions and experience sharing and consensus building among stakeholders, all to enable significant co-creation
-age, but it also raises the security risk of large with -drawals, notwithstanding privacy concerns.
comes with the risk of ignoring the diversity of the community itself, as well as opportunities to lever
•that will mitigate the risks of failure and increase the chances of technological and busi
access, risk finance Stage 3: Adopt & Promote projects, products start-ups •will continue to receive post-incubation support
-bation for the awarded grantees mitigates the risk of their potential failure and the subsequent loss
it proactively mitigates risks instead of reactively managing risk of failure post-facto, when in fact it is often too late to take meaningful action.
This approach significantly affects the Open Innovation success curve Open EYIF foresees a three-month residency pro
-peans to take the risk to innovate, and inducing policy-makers and business leaders to share the risk by actively supporting youth innovation
The network of business incubators across Europe will provide the grantees their choice of geographic
a risk for escalating behaviour In the living lab a †base camp†has been opened recently where data from various sources is col
level of the risk of escalation. Openremote pro -vides an open platform that integrates different
to predict when there is a higher risk for escal -ation. Historical data from past incidents is now
-mined risk level, lighting scenarios are activated For this purpose different lighting scenarios will be designed that aim to diffuse the escalation and in
only cost or threats might be found We contend that in a crowd empowered, open and
ultimately mitigating the risk associated with a new product because the mass of customers already exist.
risk-zones The Innovative Lawyer †Nocando†is not an acceptable answer to an innov a
from legal compliance towards risk management In a dynamic world, a 100%certainty may kill the
New Types of Risks In a fast-moving, very innovative business land -scape, the risks involved maybe of a different kind
compared to the more traditional and familiar ways of running businesses. Some years ago I wit
kind of technology related-risk †the risk of not seeing the value of participating in the processes of
two companies involved many risks, and much uncertainty, the executives of both companies shared a common belief, that if their talented people
These types of risks †the risks of keeping out †are usually outside the legal equation,
strategic alliances and partnerships to share risks to access capital or to gain access to knowledge
ideas, stimulating risk-taking, a focus on achieving results and support from management. Based upon earlier research
of research, of risk and the potential for break -through in manufacturing technology that only
At the same time, innovation usually also bears risks and substantial challenges for SMES because of their structural disadvantages based on their
opportunities to spread risk among their small portfolios are limited often (van de Vrande et al 2009).
less bureaucracy, increased willingness to take risks and faster ability to react to changing environments
to their restricted abilities to spread risk, SMES cannot afford to experiment with open innovation
time-to-market and costs and risk, and the acquisition of missing knowledge are among the
processes and policies, and risk avoidance 3. 2. 1. Time. The majority of survey participants
difficulty analyzing project-related risks and the realization of future-related investments. These problems lead to a high level of insecurity and
3. 2. 6. Risk avoidance. Some of the respondents state that they are afraid to realize innovative projects and
risk of innovation failure dramatically. According to existing literature also structural disadvantages (van de Vrande et al.
, sharing costs, sharing risks, faster product introduction, etc. to small firms in low-and medium-tech industries.
Facing the risk of bankruptcy, reinventing the barometer was the only way out. With the help of a few innovation partners and subsidies from IWT
ï Turning businesses under the threat of commoditization into genuine experiences for customers is a difficult target for SMES
Accell took the commercial risk to buy the B†lite at a predetermined price if Curana and its partners succeeded in producing the product before a particular de adline.
and small innovation port folios such that risks associated with innovation cannot be spread. SMES must rely on their innovation networks to find missing innovation resources.
It is about sharing risks, investing time and money together in new concepts. A company that engages in open innovation,
only about sharing costs and risks, but also about sharing profits equitably 71 6. Developing an open innovation network also requires that partners manage the balance between
costs, sharing risks, faster product introduction, etc. to small firms in low-and medium-tech industries
That implies that some partners may have to be compensated for losses, investments, or risks they take
Furthermore, large firms that license technologies risk knowledge leaks with adverse competitive effects as a consequence
the risk of increased competition in the market with the royalty income it receives from licensing the
which were too big a risk for VCFS 80 in an early investment stage 42
Small firms are usually reluctant to share information with large companies because the risk of
pose a risk for the small engineering company, however, because Philips†was reputed as a reliable
Partners may have to bear considerable risks or investments in dedicated complementary assets. In open business models,
Building strong ties to cope with environmental and relational risks. The biggest challenge in an open
innovation network is the market and technological risk on the one hand and the relational risk on the
Each entrepreneur we met took risks, sometimes considerable, and made investments. Imagining a new product is one thing,
A Breakthrough process to reduce risk and seize opportunity, Harvard Business Press, Boston: MA
H200819 Open innovation in SMES Trends, motives and management challenges Vareska van de Vrande Jeroen P. J. de Jong
R&d costs and associated risks. Because of the fact that firms can get locked in innovation networks, it is important to search for optimal network configurations
In general, PCA reduces the risk that single indicators dominate a cluster solution, and helps to prevent the inclusion of irrelevant (non-discriminative
from complementary resources in order to spread the risks and to compensate for a lack of current R&d capacity (13
portfolios so that risks associated with innovation cannot be spread. SMES need to heavily draw on their networks to
to spread risks) and to reserve structural funds to ï nance innovation. This may have important implications for
risks, to enlarge its social networks, or to reduce costs Hoffman and Schlosser, 2001; Mohr and Spekman, 1994
-tion portfolio approach to manage the risks. This ï nding is in line with former studies about innovation in SMES
portfolios so that risks associated with innovation cannot be spread. SMES need to heavily draw on their networks to
to spread risks) and to reserve structural funds to ï nance innovation. This may have important implications for
risks, to enlarge its social networks, or to reduce costs Hoffman and Schlosser, 2001; Mohr and Spekman, 1994
-tion portfolio approach to manage the risks. This ï nding is in line with former studies about innovation in SMES
, sharing costs, sharing risks, faster product introduction, etc. to small firms in low-and medium-tech industries.
Facing the risk of bankruptcy, reinventing the barometer was the only way out. With the help of a few innovation partners and subsidies from IWT
ï Turning businesses under the threat of commoditization into genuine experiences for customers is a difficult target for SMES
Accell took the commercial risk to buy the B†lite at a predetermined price if Curana and its partners succeeded in producing the product before a particular de adline.
and small innovation port folios such that risks associated with innovation cannot be spread. SMES must rely on their innovation networks to find missing innovation resources.
It is about sharing risks, investing time and money together in new concepts. A company that engages in open innovation,
only about sharing costs and risks, but also about sharing profits equitably 71 6. Developing an open innovation network also requires that partners manage the balance between
costs, sharing risks, faster product introduction, etc. to small firms in low-and medium-tech industries
That implies that some partners may have to be compensated for losses, investments, or risks they take
Furthermore, large firms that license technologies risk knowledge leaks with adverse competitive effects as a consequence
the risk of increased competition in the market with the royalty income it receives from licensing the
which were too big a risk for VCFS 80 in an early investment stage 42
Small firms are usually reluctant to share information with large companies because the risk of
pose a risk for the small engineering company, however, because Philips†was reputed as a reliable
Partners may have to bear considerable risks or investments in dedicated complementary assets. In open business models,
Building strong ties to cope with environmental and relational risks. The biggest challenge in an open
innovation network is the market and technological risk on the one hand and the relational risk on the
Each entrepreneur we met took risks, sometimes considerable, and made investments. Imagining a new product is one thing,
A Breakthrough process to reduce risk and seize opportunity, Harvard Business Press, Boston: MA
Science and Public Policy August 2011 0302-3427/11/70521-20 US$12. 00 ï Beech tree Publishing 2011 521
as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here The Policy Brief will prioritise specificity over broadness.
Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce re -sources †which is generally undesirable but particularly undesirable in a situation of economic distress
that â€oemany prior discussions in this area overemphasize the risk dimensionâ€, highlighting â€oethe importance entrepreneurs from around the globe place on taking a perspective of proactive opportunity†and the ability to
external finance because of their risk profile, will be particularly hard hit by malfunctioning financial mar -kets. †31 Access to finance may also be hampered by unfavourable regulations related to investment and
the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start and grow companies: â€oeit is important to allow entrepreneurs to fail.
state of high growth and high profitability and have decreased a risk of ending up performing poorly on both
is much more important for them than, for example, the availability of risk capitalâ€. 116 4. 2. 3 Internationalisation
and Special Risk-Sharing Initiatives Get-Up Programme with A*STAR The GET-Up programme, short for â€oegrowing Enterprises through Technology Upgradeâ€, supports long-term
and become more risk averse With the relatively poor ten year returns for VC funds and the availability of other more attractive retail alter
and provide some risk reduction for the investor. As in Europe, VC financ -ing is concentrated heavily on ICT as well as biotech and life sciences.
had no real experience in business to realise their ideas without taking very high personal risks
low distribution of risk, lack of experience with export markets Findings for â€oegazelles†Results for â€oegazelles†indicate particularities of newly founded high-growth enterprises.
risk of government failure. For example, â€oethe evidence from the German CIS sample confirms this risk of
government failure. â€) In fact, subsidised YICS do worse than non-subsidised YICS in terms of new/improved products. †172 Brã¤nnbak/Carsrud argue that because of â€oeperceptual differences†between en
investment and used risk-reward criteria for approvals and if they can squeeze the entire process from appli
as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here The Policy Brief will prioritise specificity over broadness.
Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce re -sources †which is generally undesirable but particularly undesirable in a situation of economic distress
that â€oemany prior discussions in this area overemphasize the risk dimensionâ€, highlighting â€oethe importance entrepreneurs from around the globe place on taking a perspective of proactive opportunity†and the ability to
external finance because of their risk profile, will be particularly hard hit by malfunctioning financial mar -kets. †31 Access to finance may also be hampered by unfavourable regulations related to investment and
the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start and grow companies: â€oeit is important to allow entrepreneurs to fail.
state of high growth and high profitability and have decreased a risk of ending up performing poorly on both
is much more important for them than, for example, the availability of risk capitalâ€. 116 4. 2. 3 Internationalisation
and Special Risk-Sharing Initiatives Get-Up Programme with A*STAR The GET-Up programme, short for â€oegrowing Enterprises through Technology Upgradeâ€, supports long-term
and become more risk averse With the relatively poor ten year returns for VC funds and the availability of other more attractive retail alter
and provide some risk reduction for the investor. As in Europe, VC financ -ing is concentrated heavily on ICT as well as biotech and life sciences.
had no real experience in business to realise their ideas without taking very high personal risks
low distribution of risk, lack of experience with export markets Findings for â€oegazelles†Results for â€oegazelles†indicate particularities of newly founded high-growth enterprises.
risk of government failure. For example, â€oethe evidence from the German CIS sample confirms this risk of
government failure. â€) In fact, subsidised YICS do worse than non-subsidised YICS in terms of new/improved products. †172 Brã¤nnbak/Carsrud argue that because of â€oeperceptual differences†between en
investment and used risk-reward criteria for approvals and if they can squeeze the entire process from appli
pilot projects,'which'may'limit'the'perception'of'risk.''''In'conclusion,'the'adoption'and'upscaling'of'ICTQDRIVEN'social'innovations'is'a'critical'challenge'for'the'present'and'future'European'society.'
there is a risk that the cultural and economic benefits of the digital shift will materialise in other continents and not in Europe
The absence of such policies poses a threat to the survival of digitised material and
Flood Risk Assessment 125 Section 10: Implementation 130 APPENDICES 138 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022
CFRAMS Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Studies CLÃ R Ceantair Laga Ard-Riachtanais. Rural
relating to strategic infrastructure, strategic environmental assessment, potential impacts on habitats, flood risk as -sessment etc.
manage and avoid increasing flood risk. As part of this approach Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Man
-agements Studies (CFRAM studies) are used to assess the spatial extent and degree of flood hazard and risk
of the rivers in the region and to develop a long term strategy for managing flood risk.
The Section emphasises the need for completion of CFRAM Studies in support of a strategic approach to flood risk management in the
region Section 9 sets out how Development Plans should include Strategic Flood Risk Assessments and all future
zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the
2009 Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management (Doehlg. The inclusion of policies and actions to
support Sustainable Urban Drainage systems is recommended in future developments as a major component of flood management and prevention
The importance of flood risk assessment for all existing Strategic Infrastructure and future projects is
Strategic Flood Risk Assessment The Guidelines put the overall planning system in the Southeast in context.
•The Planning System and Flood Risk management Guidelines 1. 2. 1 Updated and Amended Policy Documents
-ous risk from erosion. Parts of the Wexford coastline are currently experiencing erosion rate of up to 2 metres per
A Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Manage -ment Study (CFRAMS) has been completed for the Suir by the OPW.
species. Biodiversity loss is a serious threat to the quality of Ireland†s environment as habitat degradation and
D10 Encouraging effective management of flood risk in the region in accordance with the Assessment and
Management of Flood Risk Regulations, 2010, Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk Management, 2009 and promoting the co-ordination of flood risk management in conjunction with
implementation of the Water Framework Directive and River basin Management Plans D11 Promoting reduced reliance on fossil fuels
5 In accordance with the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk Regulations, 2010 and River Suir CFRAMS
might be at risk from the proposed development. While all Natura 2000 sites are of key importance, a number
It identified several groups that it considered to be at an unacceptable incidence of social risk
>Address the requirements of groups with specific needs at high risk of poverty >Provide high-quality public services to all
Many species of alien flora and fauna have been introduced to Ireland and pose a serious threat to native vegeta
/natural heritage, sustainable residential development and flood risk management. Local authorities should take into account the policies contained in the Green City Guidelines (Doehlg, 2008.
Respect the changing physical nature of the coastline, for example, the risks of erosion and land instability
Take into account the risk of flooding and protect sea defences Ensure the conservation and enhancement of the landscape and seascape;
species identified by the NPWS as having poor conservation status. Climate change impacts involving flood risk
renewable energy development and of the particular vulnerability of certain features such as uplands and peatlands
Flood Risk Assessment Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 Section 9: Flood Risk Assessment
126127 127 9. 1 Introduction Flooding is a natural process that can happen at any time in a wide variety of locations
higher risk of flooding of both inland and coastal locations. It is important, therefore, that this issue is addressed
can impact on flood risk. It is also important that the Regional Planning Guidelines highlight the need for developing
Guidelines on The Planning System and Flood Risk management in 2009. Those Guidelines recommend a clear
and transparent assessment of flood risk at all stages in the planning process and state that regional flood risk ap
-praisal and management policy recommendations are necessary to set a policy framework for Development Plans
Key guiding principles for Flood Risk Assessment are as follows •Avoid risk where possible •Substitute less vulnerable uses where avoidance is not possible
•Mitigate and manage the risk where avoidance and substitution are not possible This chapter sets out the key policy recommendations regarding avoidance and management of flood risk within
the Southeast Region with the objective of promoting 1. The identification of appropriate policy responses for priority areas, including areas that transcend
administrative boundaries and where there appears to be significant flood risk 2. Requirements on foot of the guidelines for co-operation, implementation and co-ordination of more detailed
Regional Flood Risk Appraisal is contained within the Environment Report prepared as part of the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Regional Planning Guidelines
9. 2 Development within Flood Risk Areas As a topographically diverse area traversed by a number of rivers and with a large coastline the Southeast Region
contains a number of risk areas for flooding. A review of the various local flood studies completed in recent years
general areas known to have flood risk were overlaid on locations identified for growth and locations and towns
The general risk areas are based on the historical flood maps and existing reports and maps
effective management of flood risk coupled with wider environmental, sustainability and economic considerations mean that it is possible to facilitate the continued consolidation of the development of the exist
Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk management it is considered that these locations should be
These guidelines outline measures through which both the flood risk and the continued development of
Within these towns, implementation of the 2009 planning guidelines on flood risk establishes the mechanism to reconcile development and flood risk issues
126 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 Section 9: Flood Risk Assessment
127 127 In the region, the pattern of fluvial risk follows for many areas the flow and catchments of existing rivers.
Of these rivers, the largest cross in many cases two and three local authority areas, as in the case of the Barrow
management of increasing flood risk. Co-operation already exists in the River Suir Catchment Flood Risk As
-sessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) with South Tipperary, Kilkenny and Waterford City and County represented on the committee
Suir Catchment, to examine future pressures that could impact on flood risk and to develop a long-term strat
in the past or believed to be at risk from flooding in the future. The OPW is involved in preparing the catchment
-based flood risk management plans with the relevant local authorities, the Environmental protection agency and other key agencies providing an integrated and pro-active approach to flood risk management.
It is recommended that this collaborative approach and shared management of river catchments should continue
approach and be in the lowest risk sites appropriate for the development, and should include adequate provi
normal coastal processes and is also at risk in the future from increased storm activity and sea level rise.
Local authorities must take account of the issues raised in the Regional Flood Risk Assessment and undertake
Strategic Flood Risk Assessment for future plans in line with the Department†s Guidance on the Planning Sys
-tem and Flood Risk management. Local authorities should ensure that they adhere to the principles of avoiding
risks where possible in preparing future plans Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022
Flood Risk Assessment 128129 129 PPO 9. 1 It is an objective of the Regional Planning Guidelines that in the preparation and review
•Review existing Development Plans and Local Area Plans to ensure that the issue of Flood Risk
has been addressed in a manner consistent with the 2009 Planning and Flood Risk management Guidelines •where lands are zoned already for housing or other vulnerable development in the flood risk
areas, local authorities should undertake a re-examination of the zoning in accordance with the sequential approach
which ensure that flood risk areas targeted for development following the sequential approach are planned, designed and constructed to reduce
and manage flood risk and be adaptable to changes in climate •Include policies to ensure that flood risk
and impact are considered as a key element in the assessment of future waste and mineral planning strategies and developments
Flood Risk Assessment •Include policies for the inclusion of Sustainable Drainage systems (Suds) in future
developments in accordance with the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk Management 9. 4 Infrastructure and Flood Risk
In a flooding event, whether widespread or localised, damage to key infrastructure (e g. power stations or signifi
in at-risk situations. For this reason, it is advised that key infrastructure suppliers should assess current elements
and stress test future projects against flood risk, where this has not been undertaken previously. The completion
of CFRAMS for the region will assist these stakeholders in examining flood risk within their own specific areas of
9. 5 Regional Flood Risk Policy The Regional Flood Risk Appraisal is set out in Appendix 3 of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) En
-vironmental Report in respect of the RPGS. The recommendations of the Appraisal contain best practice advice
relating to dealing with flood risk. Planning Authorities should implement the following policies with regard to flood
PPO 9. 2 Flood risk should be managed pro-actively at all stages in the planning process by avoiding
development in flood risk areas where possible and by reducing the causes of flooding to and from
PPO 9. 3 New development should be avoided in areas at risk from flooding. Alongside this, the Re
-gional Flood Risk Appraisal recognises the need for continuing investment and development within the urban centres of flood vulnerable designated growth towns and waterford City and for this to take
PPO 9. 4 Development Plans and Local Area Plans should include a Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential
approach set out in the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management PPO 9. 5 Local authorities should take the opportunities presented
against flood risk, where this has not been undertaken previously 128 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022
Flood Risk Assessment 129 129 9. 6 Delivery Actions, Indicators and Monitoring Actions to deliver the Regional Planning Guidelines with respect to flood risk assessment are listed below.
The delivery of these actions will be used as an indicator of the scale of implementation of the Regional Planning
-tegic Flood Risk Assessment for the Southeast Region the following indicators will be used PPO 9. 7 Local authorities should pursue the following actions/indicators required for Regional
Flood Risk Appraisal in their area 1. 100%completion, in co-operation with all local authorities in the Southeast, of CFRAM
including a review of long term flood risk management options and consideration of appropriate land use policies 2. All local authorities should have completed SFRAS for all Development Plans and Local
Development Plans shall include Strategic Flood Risk Assessments and all future zoning of land for develop
-ment in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Department Guide
-lines on Planning and Flood Risk management Development Plans should include policies on the requirement for Sustainable Drainage systems (Suds) in
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