to a pervasive, omnipresent backbone for society and the economy. In my eyes its main
CAPS Stakeholders and End users 24 Synergies between Projects 28 Collective Awareness Platforms 31 4. Starting Out 46
research activities, its studies and its consultancy services http://sigma-orionis. com 5 †Authors in Alphabetical Order
interdisciplinary environments and, within the CAPS community, is the scientific coordinator of the support action IA4SI€ Impact Assessment for Social Innovation.
Innovation, Society and Social Capital research unit at T6 Ecosystems, a research SME based in Rome, Italy
a sociologist who has worked always in interdisciplinary environments, he focuses on commons-oriented technologies as a field for the interdisciplinary development of socio
social media, distributed knowledge creation and data from real environments "Internet of things")in order to create awareness of problems and possible solutions
models and the environment, there is little awareness of the role that each and every one of us can play to ease such problems, in a grassroots manner
Communication Technology) domain of the research programme, but what if the single words and concepts are analysed individually?
interpreted as a detachment from the walled gardens or closed systems of profit-driven ICT development in favour of more open, participatory-oriented practices.
originally as centring attention on the environment as a biological system that is able to endure
maintain a viable environment now and into the future through a wide array of practices
the authors define social innovation as new products, services or methods that tackle pressing and emerging social issues which,
a specific problem and by offering new social links and collaboration opportunities. Social innovation initiatives should be'social'in two ways:
In this sense, social entrepreneurship and the cooperative movement of the'60s can be seen as important examples of social innovation too
but is created co by different stakeholders who share the knowledge, risk and benefits of the innovation.
crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructures, micro-tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative and innovative
economics and socially responsible companies, can be of use for people in order to just find the information they need.
In both cases an effective engagement and communication strategy, the topic of the next chapter, is crucial
in the use of online social networks and the value proposition and business models that surround personal and sensitive data
includes efforts for improving the communication and exchange between science and citizens, and among information holders and others
economy are oriented towards the creation of and the engagement with effective experiments of social innovation, promoting their scalability and transferability
17 Such social innovation experiments should try to be increasingly multi-stakeholder, with a community-wide participation at the local and European level, as well as being oriented
towards suggesting models for effective participatory innovation The last relevant set of research question is an experimental approach concerned with
Studied extensively in economics, the network effect has also been used to analyse company behaviour, showing how being em
These include an increase in social capital, i e. the immaterial wealth derived from having links with certain people as a means to reach other
people, in order to develop new working opportunities, collaborations and so forth (Portes 1998). ) Following this perspective, belonging to a network is a value in itself as it multiplies the
opportunities to enlarge one's own network and to'use'it for addressing emerging necessities
-boration to competition, is the subject of much research and is still an area of continuous
any discipline dealing with human social organisations (e g. law, economics, anthropology sociology, history. In many cases, the focus has been on understanding the trajectories of the
relationship to social enterprises (e g. Murillo et al. 2013 It is beyond the scope of this book to argue for one particular interpretation among the many
that can be used by all interested stakeholders Project Acronym Project Full Title Project Website DECARBONET
CHEST Collective enhanced Environment for Social Tasks http://www. chest-project. eu FOCAL Foundation for Collective Awareness Platforms
†Contribute to a low-carbon economy, for instance by lending, exchanging and reusing goods at scale, across geographic boundaries (collaborative consumption
crowdfunding, participatory design, collective intelligence, collective decisions †Actively engage, innovate and act, individually or collectively, towards societally
growth and employment, environment, climate change health and education, inclusive societies, well-being, etc Making a project to tackle societal needs implies framing the needs
concrete is to define the targeted stakeholders and end users. This choice consequently defines the language, the engaging levers, the scale and the tools of a collective awareness
Stakeholders are persons and organisations interested in the project activities and outcomes. At the bottom line we find end users,
aware and who will use the services and solutions produced through a CAPS initiative; they
Stakeholders and End users'describes the typologies of stakeholders and end users addressed by CAPS projects to date
CAPS Stakeholders and End users †Stakeholders Stakeholders are organisations, categories of people or individuals who have an interest
in the CAPS projects and their outputs. This section treats stakeholders and end users separately. Even though end users are also project stakeholders,
the distinction is that end users use the project outputs directly, while stakeholders benefit from project outputs in
an indirect way. Stakeholders will be informed of the project's progress and can, to a certain
extent, influence the development of the projects Stakeholders will tend to belong to one of the following four groups:
research, business, civic society, and policy and government On the right-hand page is a figure visualising the main stakeholders of the CAPS projects
†End users CAPS projects raise awareness among their users and mobilise different categories of users
Below is a list of possible users; the same person can of course belong to more than one
category. The list illustrates the diversity of topics and social issues touched by CAPS projects
CAPS Stakeholders 26 †Citizens and initiatives active in commons-based peer production and sharing economy (e g.
Wikipedia †Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in
†HW COMMUNICATIONS-UK †I-GENIUS, WORLD COMMUNITY OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS-London, UK †IGOPNET.
which have the specific goal of coordinating and supporting the others by offering services networking tools and processes,
personal data and its potential economic value. The results of the project can be beneficial for many CAPS initiatives and will generate interesting synergies at the level of research
collaboration on the impact assessment approach to be used on the crowdfunding platform of CHEST. IA4SI shows interesting synergies with USEMP and P2pvalue
more in depth, precise analysis of the solutions they offer to their stakeholders will only be possible later on in the projects'development lifecycle.
and made available to stakeholders through various exploitation strategies. The term 'innovation'is used here with reference to both totally new outputs, such as products and
services, and to improved socio-technical solutions, such as the integration of preexisting systems, the adaptation of a technology to a new field of application,
information dashboards†serving the needs of only a few senior stakeholders. CAPS projects provide different types of social innovation analytics together with the visualisations needed
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP. Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to
create opportunities to remove barriers to accessibility. Specifically, CAP4ACCESS will use the power and versatility of online maps and mobile devices for collectively gathering
environment, and routing for persons with limited mobility 36 Motivation & Engagement Technically conceiving of the technology of tools
DECARBONET, for instance, has evaluated the impact of social dynamics like competition and collaboration, and also gauged public and tangible feedback of engaging users with
The transformation of societies and economies following the diffusion of digital technologies, with increases in productivity, the redistribution of international divisions of
has questioned the way the world economy has been organised, the way business can be done, and the way income and wealth are
the evolution of privacy regimes and how governments and enterprises can operate on a global scale to influence the privacy standards of network-centric systems and the related
provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data Social networking & Social media Enhancement The confluence of network-centric systems, mobile telecommunications, semantic web
a thriving ecosystem of online social networks (OSN) serving various business models and personal interests for the citizens ranging from specialist interest groups to social meeting
citizen and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co
-creation thus maximising the network effect, using sharing to support social innovation The following CAPS projects support this vision as follows
†CAPS2020 liaises with all CAPS stakeholders, including organisations developing similar projects in other regions of the world.
-demand services and e-book formats 5. Buddycloud http://buddycloud. com Buddycloud is a publish-subscribe
of digital services within cities. The toolkit comprises of open and interoperable digital service interfaces as well as processes, guidelines and usability standards
-stakeholder multi-disciplinary('wicked')problems such as sustainability, climate change policy, complex product design, and so on 13.
innovation, smart communities, resilient societies and economies, deploying ad hoc networks of citizen experts around client's needs
-and-services/products A set of In-Home Displays, smart plugs and web visualisation of energy consumption
networking that does not use any centralised or otherwise trusted services 21. Greenapes https://www. greenapes. com/en greenapes is a gamified social
to improve the efficiency of specific communication tasks like brainstorming and proposals 24. Kune (Apache Wave) http://kune. cc Kune,
the perceptions of various stakeholders, and to identify and track emerging trends 30. Metamaps http://metamaps. c/Metamaps. cc is a free and open-source web
tensions in some aspect of social life or the environment that may threaten the safety and
situation or issue, the players and stakeholders involved, and the objectives to be pursued through the solution
The problem may involve a single sector of the society or different types of stakeholders
of the stakeholders involved. This requires eliciting the most deeply valued needs of the various subgroups, each in its own context,
By converging cloud services, mobile telecommunication and Web 2. 0 technologies the collective awareness platforms will support wide spread participative engagement
†Other Stakeholders Proposing solutions for specific groups†issues is not only a technical matter in the CAPS
Other stakeholders influence and can also be influenced by any change triggered by a technological development.
The role of these stakeholders, such as policy makers or regulators, must be taken into account through a participatory research approach
see chapter'CAPS Stakeholders and End-users '†But What is Engagement Both in the dictionary and in the context of CAPS, the term'engagement'has
The impact of gamification, competition collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that
an increased subjectivity in our interpretation of phenomena in our environment and of problem situations in particular
When involving stakeholders in a CAPS initiative, this element mixed with others (practical arrangements, power situations, etc
could make it difficult for stakeholders themselves to articulate their feelings and preferences consistently, or completely and accurately.
It is vital that the dialogue with stakeholders is given the highest priority, as it is this dialogue
engagement of the stakeholders, as in the SCICAFE2. 0 project The first goal is to support shared meaning and deeper understanding of the values
and trade-off tipping points of each stakeholder group in each relevant context of their exposure to the problem situation
of the dynamic relationship that can develop between the stakeholders and the solution as illustrated in Figure 7 below
Solution Acceptance, Rejection and (Misappropriation Cycles by Stakeholders 64 For example as per UI-REF-based requirements of co-design and evaluation criteria which
of collective awareness platforms as a technical divide can allow users and stakeholders to exert an influence on the other layers
Publics to Formal Social Enterprises?'.'Journal of Peer Production 1 (3 Dourish, P. & Bellotti, V. 1992)' Awareness and Coordination in Shared Workspaces
Portes, A. 1998)' Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology'.'Annual Review of Sociology
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are leading to a progressive blossoming of automation in the health sector.
The ubiquity of interactive communications and networks of producers, suppliers customers, and clients has made possible novel applications oriented to the functional
interconnection of professionals and the integration of clinical care processes. These applications can achieve the eï cient delivery of information
and services, including remote monitoring and direct care, and endeavour to provide a response to many health sector
demands a judicious approach to requirement analysis of each particular health system organisation and governance model
fast-changing environment involving people, processes, and an operational or business infrastructure Frequently, e-health is equated to telemedicine;
Ëoe A wide variety of expectations about greater access to healthcare and information, telehealth services
Ëoe The requirement for custom-built products and services (individualisation of care) and real-time delivery to improve customer satisfaction
technologies, especially information and communications. †E-health addresses new healthcare trends by facilitating individual information capture, data mining, and
concomitant access by multiple stakeholders..It promotes evidence-based decision making and continuity in the relationship between provider and client,
environments it is necessary to have a clear deï nition of goals and eï €ective collaboration among stakeholders
This will lead to appropriate technology infrastructure systems integration, and standards allowing rapid adaptation to changing technologies and continuous
People are central to the creation and use of e-health products and services. Changes of strategies, structures
The automation of processes and services is not feasible without data standards that allow communication
deployment in complex environments it is necessary to have a clear deï nition of goals and eï €ective collaboration
among stakeholders The Commonwealth Health Ministers Reference book 2008 3 E-Health Technology distribution, access, and utilisation
experiment, and discovery †take place in an established social and cultural environment. Besides issues of
Ëoe The dominance of global communications by a few countries and corporations Ëoe †Market capture†by strong, organised and well-funded health provider organisations, some of
Investment and continuity Joint investment and development involving users, governments, academic and ï nancing institutions
and agencies, technical co-operation agencies and industry interests is seen as necessary. Partnerships with the informatics industry are fundamental and, in the case of general informatics tools, the industry practically
private enterprise to provide low proï tability Ëoe Protecting security, privacy, and intellectual property rights Given the sensitive nature of healthcare
Ëoe The health sector has taken not advantage of the range of ICT opportunities as eï €ectively as other
recognise the role of ICT to boost productivity, eï cient use of diagnostic services and consultations
maintenance of integrated records, reduction in the number of specialists, and attaining economies of scale
Ëoe The lack of involvement of public sector stakeholders in the use of ICT gives cause for concern.
services Ëoe Public projects take long to implement, cost more, and deliver less than planned. Projects are
underfunded, use obsolete technology, have restricted a vision of requirements and opportunities and frequently resort to providers with limited experience and staying power
about the implementation of diverse systems in a wide range of conï gurations and environments
regulatory environment Ëoe Insurance and reimbursement should insulate providers and patients from the immediate ï nancial
Ëoe Skills are the most expensive and least elastic resource and the major obstacle in developing countries
usually in an academic environment, isolated from national, regional, and local approaches Ëoe Lack of information about projects, methodologies
Ëoe Speeding up adoption depends on the presence of factors such as incentives, competition, return on investment, and regulation.
Governments must establish mechanisms to create or secure markets for new technologies, thus reducing the risks involved in R&d
return on investment in ICT for the private health subsector Ëoe Governments and regulatory bodies have the rationale,
the power and the opportunity to improve competitive conditions by promoting standards, lessening network externalities at the community
level, and sharpening the private-market competition among providers Ëoe Governments must address in a comprehensive manner many national and transnational issues.
Intangible e-health products and services oï €ered by foreign providers, such as investment, insurance, knowledge dissemination,
and healthcare applications, present possible challenges to developing countries of ï ight of capital, tax evasion and employment reduction by oï €shoring
competition, return on investment and regulation
NEMO 21st Annual Conference Documentation Bucharest, Romania, November 2013 Museums in the Digital Age Museums and the Development
Museo Palazzo Madama and its crowdfunding campaign Enrica Pagella 39 The'total museum 'Jorge Wagensberg 43
increased demand for museums to act as social agents encouraging social cohesion while also contributing to a growing economy-has
become even more pertinent as Europe endures a financial crisis that impacts the entire functioning of its social system
economic value, are becoming increasingly important as museums strive to balance new technological developments, economic chall
economy, society and identity, and an asset that is at the core of museum work today
environments As key components of NEMO's work for museums and museum professionals of Europe
What challenges and which opportunities come along with the digital shift for museums? How can museums use ICT in order to connect
museum, from its business model to its collections. Similarly, Charlotte Sexton outlines the potential of mobile technologies for
this opportunity and emphasises the necessity of keeping the audience's needs and motivations at the forefront.
private enterprises. Using Finland as a case study, Kimmo Levã¤examines the three stages of digitisation for museums, placing an
collections, but also increased communication and outreach within the local community. The project serves as a prime example of the
What demands can be made of museums in shaping such a society Within the 2013 European Year of Citizens
demands from a society in change, one that is ageing, facing financial crises, communicating differently and wanting to increasingly
successful crowdfunding campaign, which during a time of financial hardship, restored an important work of art to the region and
sustainable and inclusive economy in regard to the cultural sector? How do museums fit into the EU's strategy for culture?
expected to supply to a creative economy Two presentations focused specifically on the EU's cultural policy and the crucial role of
topic of cultural capital as a major asset to European society, an asset that he believes can
key learning environments for European society Julia Pagel, NEMO Project Manager Kelly Donahue, NEMO Executive Assistant
created corresponding demands and great opportunities, heritage organisations have been slow in engaging in digitisation.
Why has this been the case? Understanding historical developments is crucial for appreciating both the multitude of current initiatives like
courage and high investment, started to digitise and make more information accessible online. The Google books Project, the most
-competition is just a mouse click away Although clearly museums have so far not been the vanguard in the process of digitisation, the
enterprises where a buyer can be found for almost anything, times are very different Museums face a new and interesting task
web services, personal data standards and metadata exchange interfaces. Data modelling and collection in the digital age is a far greater
advantage of such opportunities in the digital age, museums must meet two basic conditions they must digitise their holdings and they must
These new players have opportunities and capacities in the digital age that museums do not have.
business models of the media will change to support the targeting of content to increasingly narrow niche communities, finally working
towards personalised, on-demand experiences Successful museums in the modern world Nick Poole 14 Science, the environment and business will
evolve, building on tools that support the interpretation of large volumes of data defining more effective ways for people to live
•The services a museum manages •The business model of a museum •The way a museum communicates and
presents itself to the outside world This is not a radical change. The core value of a
museums can best respond to this opportunity and emphasises the necessity of keeping the audience's needs, learning levels and
networked communication tools in order to more effectively connect with audiences. The ability to access information anywhere, anytime
respond to this opportunity? This is particularly challenging given the potential complexity and cost of developing new products and services
for these devices. The following provides a context for a wider strategic discussion and also
of the contemporary communication tools that modern society has at its disposal By building upon the legacy of the traditional
and services that will actually engage and motivate audiences to use them Fundamentally, this requires a robust design
which will require both investment and effort to install 18 •Organisation-many projects will involve
expense of developing mobile services will not only meet the needs of the audience but also serve the objectives of the museum.
in marketing these new projects and services to its public. The marketing needs to involve
provide services ranging from digitisation and aggregation of digital cultural content, to interactive navigation, culture experiences
current digital environment calls for open -minded content approaches. Europeana, as a pan-European initiative, should be enriched so
'knowledge economy'as WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) defines it The opportunity for a museum to succeed in
this new global market is vivid Legal aspects of digitising the museum: both sides now
environment, and thus extend the scope of protection to new media, networks, mobile networks and devices, and social networks
designing a well-defined business plan outsourcing difficult and costly tasks and trying to gain new funding.
works in the digital environment in the next years. Depending upon the definition of 'orphan work'used, more than 50%of content
-ation of this content in the digital environment will be prominent. Thus, the current develop -ments at the EU level will help to prevent such
CONTENT IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT '24 Harry Verwayen examines the new strategic vision of Europeana that focuses on increasing
economy and to social innovation. Mr Verwayen also emphasises the crucial importance of providing people with access to
enterprises For the past five years Europeana has developed from a political aspiration to unite
creative economy and to social innovation Why has culture been collected in museums audiovisual collections, libraries and archives
unlimited opportunities to access the wonders that museums hold Museums and Europeana Harry Verwayen 25
new services upon. It means Europeana will work with strong, like-minded partners such as Wikimedia to make all specifically licensed for
creation of new business models. The project demonstrates the need for a continued public presence in culture-tangible and intangible
only calls for investments in new technologies but also demands more inclusive and expansive ways of working and thinking
Museums have educated highly personnel, so the use of the requisite tools in the new information society does not pose a problem
opportunities that accompanied it From local to global Digitisation and networking in the information society are part
brick-and-mortar buildings and their customers stayed within their walls Similar limitations apply when it comes to
interfaces and services based on the digitised material. A vital part of this third stage is to
a profit Notwithstanding the problems, digitisation presents a great opportunity for museums. It gives them the chance to open mobile and
purely virtual museums alongside brick-and -mortar establishments. In actuality, mobile and Internet services are not just a possibility, but a
necessity 29 COPYRIGHT QUESTIONS FOR MUSEUMS Internet accessibility does not come without copyright problems, which arise not from the
majority of museum customers expect to receive everything from museums for free THE THIRD PROBLEM arises
increased communication and outreach within the local community. The project serves as a prime example of the successes cooperating
Communication and outreach In 2008, the museum first began to present objects to the public on its webpage.
education services and projects. The online database connects the museum with local and regional schools, thus supporting explorative
crowdfunding campaign of the Museo Palazzo Madama that restored an important work of art an 18th century Meissen porcelain service
of the crowdfunding campaign to three main factors: the quality of the service itself, quality
the form of a crowdfunding campaign, was the Museo Palazzo Madama's only hope in
launched the first Italian museum crowdfunding campaign as its only alternative to acquire a 42
success of this crowdfunding campaign can be ascribed to three main factors: quality of the
Museo Palazzo Madama and its crowdfunding campaign Enrica Pagella 40 41 d'Azeglio, a family that played a leading role in
through crowdfunding the campaign to acquire the service 2. Quality of the organisational process human and relational values, reliability
stakeholders were approached in order to gather ideas and gain consensus and support After the initiative was launched, all members
communication campaign. Every week the list of donors was updated, donations from collection boxes in the museum were counted
forms of communication 42 accessibility and a focus on visitors'real needs an analysis and application of visitor studies
the way for the success of the crowdfunding campaign by creating a sense of community
CROWDFUNDING THE CAMPAIGN '43 Using the example of a science museum, Jorge Wagensberg details his vision and concept of
communication. The lecturer and the teacher use the spoken word as a basic element of transmission, even while they enlist the aid of
knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social
cohesion 'Very soon after the Lisbon Strategy was launched, it became clear that these ambitious
'economy; low carbon emissions; efficiency of resources; and competitiveness 3. Inclusive growth-enlarged labour market and specialisation;
high employment economy delivering social and territorial cohesion Tracking the progress of growth within each
combined public and private investment levels in this sector to 3%of the EU's GDP
However, if all revolves around the economy 49 and job creation, and the word'culture'is
economies on inequality by redistributing global wealth through welfare In addition to all of this, Europe is being called
restore the conditions for economic growth on which a basis of fair redistribution of wealth can be achieved.
equal rights and opportunity for all, peace and prosperity, decent education and standard of living, society must strive for,
mindsets, this opportunity will surely be missed This implies a completely new approach that is not based only on economic resources.
development of social capital, which ultimately depends on the cultural capacity of citizens and on the quality of their everyday life
partnerships by stakeholders-the EU 55 Commission, the EU Parliament, Member States and civil society-the launch of the
stakeholders think about culture and its role in society. Culture enables evolution and human development and should be understood as
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL, WHICH ULTIMATELY DEPENDS ON THE CULTURAL CAPACITY OF CITIZENS '56 a priority, a consideration that prompts major
accumulation of social capital Museums and their representatives can play a leading role in this endeavour.
act as learning environments and challenge the beliefs of individuals or groups; in short they provide experiences that impact those
elementary components of social capital If understood and managed as complex realities to be embedded fully into the society
balancing demands from different and often opposed constituencies. Building the case for culture is essential in order to foster new
campaigning, communication initiatives and targeted projects, which will provide organisations or individuals with the oppor
contributing to the growth of social capital in Europe and eventually to every citizen's well
all around us-from communications, to education, to business and to medicine, just to name a few-might have started and been
influence and shape their environment Where does the unique project'Europe'come into the reframing of our common values and
a UK based not-for-profit organisation that works with a network of 23,000 museums to open up their collections for discovery and use
in investment banking. He has held positions as a Government Policy Advisor and is currently the
of the Area of the Environment and Science at'la Caixa'.'Previously, he also worked as the Director
where he was responsible for business model innovation in the cultural heritage sector. He holds a MA in History from Leiden University and has worked over ten years in the Scientific Publishing
Mr. Verwayen has published several articles including'Business model Innovation Cultural Heritage'(2010),'A business-model perspective on end-users and open metadata'(2011) and the
white paper'The Problem of the Yellow Milkmaid, a Business model Perspective on Open Metadata',along with Arnoldus, Kaufman (2011
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011