Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders 53 Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer 53 Work Package 6 †Recommendations 53
effects both in social innovation activity and in new services and approaches that generate social value.
digital services has resulted in an imbalance between the dramatic scale and reach of commercial Internet
innovation services, support organizations and activities. The report presents interim findings and conclu -sions and highlights next steps for the research project.
prototype analysis of strong and weak links between organizations. In the DSI Network Data-Set, there are
organisations likeâ Mysocietyâ and theâ Open Knowledge Foundationâ in the UK that are developing services
economy that includes crypto digital curencies like Freecoin and many sharing economy platforms such as  Peerbyâ and Goteo creating new forms of crowdfunding methods, exchanges and new economic models
iv) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles such as the Smart Citizen Kit †an
-ia and research organisations, social enterprises, charities and foundations; and grassroots communities •The way these organizations are supporting DSI (e g. such as undertaking research,
economic models (3) energy and environment;(3) participation and open governance,(4) science, culture and education;(
doesn†t to calibrate interventions and investments •Addressing barriers to growth and scale. Growth & scale is an ambition that should be fostered;
New sustainable business models and socio-eco -nomic mechanisms based on collective and public benefit are starting to clearly emerge.
and economic value is relatively well understood. But, despite the founding ethos of technologies like the World wide web being
its infancy, with relatively few services reaching global scale. Consequently, Digital Social Innovation (DSI is an emerging field of study,
-novation services, support organisations and activities. It presents interim findings and conclusions and highlights next steps for the research project
interdependent process of different stakeholders, including engaged communities. Innovation should be understood in broader terms as a new product (product innovation), a new method of production (process
driven by innovation are uncertain and open ended within an economy never in equilibrium, and cannot be
how to encourage simultaneously both business model innovation and societal innovation. This means enabling business model innovation in real world settings (such as Living Labs, maker spaces or so called
Smart Cities) and orchestrating the process with all innovation stakeholders. Mobilising civil society organi -sations, and innovators that are central to the way DSI happens and scale
Why is interested the European commission in Digital Social Innovation This research forms part of the European Commission†s thinking around its Europe 2020 strategy and the
interdependent process of different stakeholders, including engaged communities. Innovation should be understood in broader terms as a new product (product innovation), a new method of production (process
driven by innovation are uncertain and open ended within an economy never in equilibrium, and cannot be
how to encourage simultaneously both business model innovation and societal innovation. This means enabling business model innovation in real world settings (such as Living Labs, maker spaces or so called
Smart Cities) and orchestrating the process with all innovation stakeholders. Mobilising civil society organi -sations, and innovators that are central to the way DSI happens and scale
Why is interested the European commission in Digital Social Innovation This research forms part of the European Commission†s thinking around its Europe 2020 strategy and the
-cluding the types of technologies underpinning DSI services that combine novel technology trends such as distributed networks, knowledge co-production platforms, open data, open hardware, open content, and
including a prototype analysis of strong and weak links between organisations Next steps, policy for DSI:
WP4 Engaging Stakeholders Nesta M1 WP5 Experiment and Pioneer Waag Society M6 WP6 Policy Recommendations ESADE/Nesta M12
and new participative models for the economy, society and self-governance models A primary example of Digital Social Innovation is the Web itself.
-pansion of Internet-based services has generated a great economic wealth. However this growth has result
report-such as the sharing economy as local exchange trading systems, time banks and digital currencies
collaborative services and awareness networks that incentivise the experimentations of new models in a variety of domains, such as systems of mobility that present alternatives to the use of individual cars (from
We are undergoing a big transformation that will involve society and the economy, driven by the fast evolu
To fully exploit the potential provided by Internet services a high-speed Internet access is required for all
tion and honest competition. Also the World wide web became successful because the Web was built on a
terms of innovation and competition Analysing all the possible Future Internet scenarios (Oxford Internet Institute 2010),
•Open ecosystems to foster grassroots digital social innovation and entrepreneurship: The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs, and that decen
Honest competition based on open standards, protocols and formats are essential to deploy interoperability between data, devices, services
and networks. Avoiding anti-competitive dynamics and lock in engages all actors in the value chain and
to manage creative interactions a central issue of economic policy. Harnessing collective intelligence will be a crucial determinant of success for businesses, for governments,
In this way, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its in -creasing ubiquity and its massive amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge
that are limited not to economic value, but that result in large-scale social impact, whilst not destroying
At a socioeconomic level the study will assess new business models and socioeconomic mechanisms †be
environment for DSI to flourish Research Methodology To examine the emergence of digital social innovation (DSI) in Europe,
services and events, from our long-list of more than 100 examples. The selection includes organisations
and the social domains they were affecting, such as health, economy, energy governance, education, and public services.
In this way we made sure that we selected a good variety of services that use multiple in
-demia and research organisations, social enterprises, charities and foundations; and grassroots commu -nities •the way these actors are supporting DSI (e g. such as undertaking research,
-ing and inclusion, Sustainable socioeconomic models, Energy and environment, Participatory open government, Smart public services, Pioneering science, culture & education
The methodology was based on key network drivers identified in the innovation studies, economics, and sociology literatures,
-ganisation (e g. government and public sector, business, academia and research, social enterprise, charity or foundation, or grassroots organisation or community network.
data, network relationships, communication density and user generated data applied. Currently the web -site is focused on the geographic mapping of organisations.
-search projects to delivering services or running incubators for early stage DSI start-ups). ) The overarching
•Secondly, it can enhance communication between stakeholders and communities, thereby strengthen -ing the social fabric and making a solution/service more resilient
•Finally, advanced ICT, collective knowledge and innovative business models in open networked plat -forms can reduce the technological, bureaucratic,
knowledge and education, to new ways of improving the quality of the environment, to mass scale behav
-ioural and political changes that empower communities and transition to a low carbon economy. The se
-ther ideas and innovations (like the move to a low carbon economy or the creation of a more participatory
-riety of domains ranging from health and well-being, to democracy, sustainability and environment, and public service delivery
3) energy and environment;(3) participation and open governance,(4) science, culture and education;(5
Energy and environment 78 Work and employment 78 Finance and economy 76 Science& Technology 60
Table 3: Domains of Activity The case studies identified to date can roughly be grouped within six broad domains.
1. Sharing Economy Access to open digital infrastructures and technology that enables collective action, mobilisation and
and exchange goods and services, which range from household equipment to hotel rooms, cars to catering
secured financial exchange services. This African success story has revolutionized completely the regional business terrain, at the same time empowering local people by providing an easy-to-use and readily avail
Other interesting initiatives such as Goteo are building services around the idea of the Commons, to enable communities to access
Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work †for example valorising labour time equally,
is the backbone of the sharing economy, since it shifts the attention away from consumption and resource
Participatory democracy strives to create opportunities for all members of a population to make meaning
such opportunities. Since so much information must be gathered for the overall decision-making process to succeed, technology may provide important triggers leading to the type of empowerment needed for partic
theâ Open Knowledge Foundationâ in the UK and the Sunlight Foundation in the US are developing services
and sharing economy platforms likeâ Peerbyâ are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups, and communities
are beginning to aggregate the layers of data that increasingly permeate the urban environment in order to
create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioural change. For instance, platforms for collaboration have been used to solve environmental issues and incentivise sustainable behavioural chang
-es, in the case of Safecast and Beaware, or to mobilise collective action and respond to community emer
and rapid communication between teachers and students. For instance, The Open university, based in the United kingdom, and other models of distance learning have made education much more widely availa
within the learning environment 27 Table 4 Â Health wellbeing and inclusion Sustainable socio -economic
environment Participative open government Pioneering science culture & education Smart public services Open Networks Confine
Open -garden. net Everyaware Commons 4eu Tor project Make sense Freecoin Smart Santander Open Data Wiki
Sharing economy Awareness networks Open Access 28 Who are involved the organisations in supporting or delivering DSI
Delivering or partnering with DSI services Open Vienna Meiraha Citysdk SMES and large busi -nesses
Delivering services Providing funding for experiments/R&d particular the case for large Telco organisa -tions
Social enterprises, char -ities and foundations Stimulate multi-disciplinary research and in -novation Connecting top-down and bottom-up move
Charity, Social Enterprise or Foundation 68 Business 52 Grassroots Organisation or Community Group 41 Academia and Research 37
public good services that were not previously in place. The work by the local government in Vienna on
The partnership between the not-for-profit Praxis and the Estonian Government on opening up and visualising government budget data, created more
delivering DSI services that enable users and developers to come together and collaborate in new ways.
-amples of for-profit DSI business include US-based Patients Like Me, which delivers a peer support service
Social enterprises, charities and foundations Some of the most well-known DSI services have been developed and delivered by not-for-profits, such as
Avaaz†s e-petitioning and campaigning network and Ushahidi†s pioneering work on crowd-mapping. Open
Knowledge foundations work on developing CKAN, one of the most widely used open-source data portal platforms is an example of a not-for-profit providing a service that enables more DSI to happen by making
it easier for large institutions to open up their data. Adding to this, foundations such as the P2p foundation
and incubators focusing on supporting DSI. The work by Nesta in the UK on the tech for good incubator
Bethnal Green Ventures and Waag Society in Amsterdam work on setting up and hosting one of Europe†s
first Fablabs are two examples of this Grassroots communities and movements Noninstitutional actors and grassroots organisations and civil society groups are key players in initiating
cases add value to DSI services by using them, from mobilising votes for e-petitions to raising finance for a
local cause through crowdfunding. Building on this, active grassroots communities also use the opportuni -ties presented by digital technologies to hack
more transparency in government, freedom of information, human rights and communication. Supporting the principles of the hacker ethic, the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infra
Running Incubators and accelerators ODI start-up Programme Bethnal Green Ventures Hosting and managing maker spaces and
hacker spaces Fablab Amsterdam (hosted by Waag Society Through research projects or research networks Desis network
Providing funding and social investment Nominet Trust Nesta Advocacy and advisory or expert bodies IOT Council
Incubators and Accelerators 26 Advisory or expert body 15 Advocating and campaigning 11 Maker and hacker spaces 11
and the Chaos Communication Camp, an international meeting of hackers that takes place every four years, organized by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC)( GE), an informal associa
Theâ Chaos Computer Clubâ (CCC) hosts the annual Chaos Communication Congress, the largest hacker con
Every four years, the Chaos Communication Campâ is the outdoor alternative for hackers worldwide. The CCC started a new yearly conference called SIGINT in 2009 inâ Germany.
Through incubators and accelerators As has been the case with the support for innovative businesses, social innovations often need support in
the early idea stages to refine their business models and grow their venture. To address this, a number of
incubators and accelerators have emerged, who invest in †tech for good†projects, typically in exchange for
equity, at pre-seed or seed stage. Bethnal Green Ventures in the UK, who support early stage technology
start-ups who are tackling a social or environmental problem with £15, 000 and 3 months intensive support
Although incubators and accelerators have been always around, their presence in aiming to address social challenges has been limited rather to date
Traditional business accelerators offer advice and resources to fledgling firms to help them grow. In con
-trast, Civic Accelerators can match cities with start-ups, private firms, and nonprofit organisations inter -ested in partnering with government to provide better services,
bring digital technology to cities, or change the way citizens interact with city hall. Civic accelerators can contribute to fostering DSI by bringing down
barriers for innovators: in many cases, these are market barriers, such as overly restrictive planning rules
Co-working environments, such as innovation centres, accelerators, incubators, and hacker spaces, have begun to proliferate. The MIT founded a precursor in 2002 called Fab Lab,
on open source, design, digital fabrication, and micro enterprises An example of increasing interest is the possibility of setting up Urban Labs within city contexts.
products and services for urban life, which are in the pre-market stage. This improves services to citizens
and makes their city smarter, in terms of innovative and efficient infrastructure, the environment, quality of life, modern administration and engaged citizens.
The benefits come to the local economy when com -panies try and test their services with citizens in a real life environment
and thus improve their competi -tiveness. There are many other advantages as well when it comes to public administration fostering inno
-vation processes and creating innovative spaces. When using urban labs as a tool for urban development
initiating collaborative projects the city can bring together relevant stakeholders: citizens, companies and scientific institutions. This process of cooperation that happens in Urban Labs can enable new ideas and
and opportunities to develop knowledge, self-sufficiency, and achieve inclusion in decision-making processes. These are some of the main initiatives within the DSI field that are focusing on
digital environment is one example of this, as is the work by the social innovation research project TEPSIE
sustainable energy, and communication tech -nology itself By delivering digital social services Naturally, the hive of DSI activity will be around actual services that enable new types of collaboration be
-tween citizens through the use of digital technologies As discussed previously, DSI services are being delivered by a variety of organisations from government and
business, to foundations and grassroots organisations. However, it is important to distinguish between two different types of services.
The DSI map is gathering examples of services from across Europe and globally that are using a variety of digital tools and building communities to maximise the impact of technology for
social good Services that enable organisations to better cooperate and resource their activities: A range of services like
Github and CKAN do not directly target citizens or seek citizen engagement in the service, instead they
provide invaluable open tools that help entrepreneurs, and civic hackers who are developing digital social
Services that directly target and engage a large number of citizens and end users for a variety of causes:
majority of DSI services directly engage citizens and developers to improve their services, generate solu
-tions, provide feedback, or solve specific problems 35 By providing funding and investment Public sector bodies, large foundations and other philanthropic organisations, provide early stage funding
for DSI services, or projects that are exploring new aspects of the potential in DSI.
Examples of this include the Nominet Trust†s (UK) work Digital Edge, a programme which funds ventures that demonstrate how
technology can offer a viable alternative to existing ways of addressing the social challenges faced by young
amongst key stakeholders Technological trends in Digital Social Innovation Although there is a huge variety in the different types of DSI and the technologies these innovations use, a
-works, free interoperable network services open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband, distribut -ed social networks, p2p infrastructures Tor
from the environment Open Vienna City SDK Open knowledge co-production of new knowledge and crowd
the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on crowdfunding (open knowledge) to fund the development of kit, and
and digital services adopted by DSI activities such as social networking, social media, crowdsourcing crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning, e-petitions and so on
Open networks The ability to build bottom-up networking capabilities in every corner or the world and in people†s everyday
Wireless Sensor Network that manages Open information in an Open environment. An OSN stands for an
or with the centralised data system using standard communications. The Open Sensor Network connects the sensor with the data repository where the information is processed and
point within a wireless environment Sensor networks are used widely in the fields of mobility, transport, environment, geography, meteorology
and tourism. They are key infrastructures of a smart city by providing basic data on the usage of energy
Possible future services based on OSN include mobile applications that support citizens using public transport by displaying real time
These sensors provide the opportunity to implement applications that help citizens to move around in cities.
-mercial services and applications. A common entry point allows researchers to select a set of resources, and
and experiment with services and protocols. This is done on real-world IP com -munity networks that incorporate a wide variety of wired and wireless links,
-ment or corporate forecasters who have the opportunity to access and analyse data. By making data open
the opportunity to enable citizens to hold government to account for what it spends, the contracts it gives
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately â 40 billion per annum.
all key stakeholders and delivering public goods, maximising returns for all citizens. For instance, citizens are gaining greater insight into how their tax payments are being spent.
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data, which
work by the Estonian Government and the not for profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
so that services can be integrated into the City†s backend system and can be reused and adopted across Europe and beyond, whilst giving developers
crowdfunding, crowd-mapping and crowdsourcing. Furthermore, the ability to access, use, and reuse without financial, legal, contractual, and
and social return on investment through higher dissemination to citizens, taxpayers, and researchers from other countries and other disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary cross fertilisation and international im
-vealed increasing demands of citizens for their governments and administrations to become more partici -patory, transparent and accountable
makers, or lack of investment. It is crucial for successful crowdsourcing to design the activity properly to
prevent excessive demands and frustrations. In Europe, interesting crowdsourcing projects for Cities are emerging from the Open Cities project and Commons4eu.
-ware platforms, new services like the Smart Citizen Kit, an Arduino based sensor kit have the opportunity
and to the services it will provide •The Internet of things, which will guarantee access through the Internet to the physical world, to its devic
-es and, most notably, to its services •The emerging of an Internet of People, i e.,
individuals, groups, communities) as providers of data, content, and services •Cloud computing as a virtualisation infrastructure that offers unique opportunities to reduce the costs of
delivering services over the Internet, thus extending this possibility to much wider classes of actors
What are we learning about the impact of digital technologies on Social Innovation Analysing network data:
different stakeholders and based on different issues 44 3. Which organisations currently bridge the various communities
scarcity of data or many European social innovation actors are unconnected to each other, as there is only
civic innovators (developers, hackers, designers) Â as key stakeholders in the support of innovation for social
sustainable business models and socioeconomic mechanisms based on collective and public benefit are starting to clearly emerge.
†threaten their current ability to make profits from their previous innovations. The digital natives are not
-tional infrastructure necessary for cutting-edge research no longer requires state investment, and in fact private institutions have near-monopolies over social networks
connected into larger networks that can then provide the kinds of services around product development
It is within new noninstitutional actors motivated by ideals outside short-term profit and with an idea of
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the Web 2. 0 economy and the emerging Internet of
or entrepreneurs starting sharing economy initiatives, and activists starting mass mobilisation initiatives and social movements for democracy and social justice.
economic profit, naturally and creatively socially innovate and create often immensely profitable structures However, before the advent of the Internet their social innovation was limited in its reach, but with the
-cial good, are able to spread their innovations throughout society due to the flexibility of venture capital in
for ideation, E-Petitions (i e. Causes and Avaaz), Crowdfunding, and Crowd mapping, social network -ing and democratic decision making tools, are technologies that allow for the quick identification (and
dismissal) of issues. Mobilising people though these platforms allow citizens movements, activists, and entrepreneurs to raise issues
problems and new opportunities •Crowdsourcing nonfinancial and financial resources towards a specific cause: while the type of collabo
many of the services we are examin -ing in the case studies require (and enable) a more active collaboration,
The same is the case for crowd-mapping services like Crisis commons or Ushahidi platforms
As an example we, in this report, take a detailed look at the Goteo crowdfunding platform, but
and modular services and applications can be built in a dynamic and flexible way, plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures.
global socioeconomic environment The Ecosystem metaphor emphasises the need for a holistic and multi-stakeholder approach that Europe
should give to Innovation, for instance linking DSI bottom-up activities with policy making at EU level.
it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet local needs and demand. This process
a scenario characterised by shrinking budgets, increasing demand of services from their citizens, and the
common goods, engaging a variety of stakeholders. Different DSI activities are experimenting new ways in which the commons can be governed through negotiated rules and boundaries for building and mobilising
This research into DSI services and activities is showing possible ways to manage the commons
-eration the barriers and opportunities to grow and scale the DSI ecosystem, and to analyse the following
doesn†t to calibrate interventions and investments •Addressing barriers to growth and scale. Growth & scale is an ambition that should be fostered;
there must be concerted a focus on Task 2. 3 †Facilitate stakeholder engagement in the online platform.
(iii) The sharing economy;(iv) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and life -styles;( (v) Open access and information Commons),
opportunities etc from other sites •Add a section to the site that shows and visualises funding opportunities for organisations.
N. B. these are likely to come from EC grants and crowdfunding projects such as CHEST
•Automation of DSI activity/events into event timeline Long-term Vision (currently out of scope for this tender
DG Regio and Social Entrepreneurship in DG Enterprise In addition to that, a selection of initiatives from the European States will be covered.
Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders To support the growth and spread of DSI it needs traction on multiple levels within the EU, from citizens
Engaging stakeholders, therefore, becomes an important part of both the work on identifying organisations, mapping initiatives and experimentation
and as a means of ensuring the involvement of these stakeholders in the ongoing development and exploration of the DSI agenda.
-sourcing/crowdfunding, Living Labs, etc. and comparing these to more traditional approaches •Reaching DSI entrepreneurs and grassroots communities.
Energy and environment, Smart public services, Pioneering science Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware
to the product†s low cost and open source business model. The Arduino designers freely share the specifications for anyone to use, and third-par
environment (based on Processing. Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e g
the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ micro controller libraries are licensed under the LGPL
conventional proprietary business models, they sell it themselves for a small profit †while allowing anyone else to do the same
Arduino offers an interesting example of how an organisation might be sustainable and open in nature.
-tion services and products to their clients Open source Software †Not only the Arduino hardware is open;
Not for profit Aim: Participation and Democracy Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware
not-for-profit global e-petitioning and cam -paigning network that works to ensure that the †views and values of the
with most staff working collaboratively in a â€oevirtual office†environment from four continents so as to ensure †even the smallest contributions go
on governments all around the world to act on crises and opportunities anywhere, within as little as 24 hours.
-lar groups on the Internet may benefit from the strategic opportunities offered by e-petitions,
Competitions Commission, and was finally forgone by Murdoch alto -gether In broader terms, a joint report produced by Information Society Unit
Education and Culture, Information Society and Media, and Enterprise and Industry during 2007 and 2008, suggests that indirectly, Social
Holland†Avaaz†s Online Director, like other high-capacity web services Avaaz†s hosting platform is complex
Amazon†s cloud services Avaaz†s ability to quickly mobilise citizens to pressure relevant targets to
act on crises and opportunities anywhere, within as little as 24 hours, is something that could not have been possible without the Internet.
-tion and concerned with democracy, politics & representation, economy education, environment & sustainability, anti-discrimination, equality &
social justice, health, human rights, international development, public services and neighbourhood & community 65 How is funded the organisation?
Avaaz is funded 100%member and thus only accountable to its mem -bers †not to major donors, foundations, or any special interests
Social enterprises, charities and foundations Aim: Participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open knowledge DSI activities:
Citizens Foundation as a startup enterprise, and in many senses the design and functionality of their websites, products and services might
be thought of as an attempt to redesign democracy itself. As Gunnar Grã msson, one of its founders explains †The key metric of success for our
Created in 2008 in the wake of Iceland†s economic collapse, Citizen Foundation founders Gunnar Grã msson and Rà bert Bjarnason describe
services that are intended to put pressure on authorities to do their job properly, as well as harnessing the minds of the masses.
Social Enterprise services: Cities, countries and groups can also pay to use some of the Your Priority services.
The price of these services is con -tingent upon how many users they have What are the main barriers to
innovate? Official political incorporation: importantly, official political buy in is necessary for platforms like Your Priorities
try to turn problems into opportunities. Doing so has enabled them to exploit Facebook, finding that it is one of the best ways to attract people
Reykjavik platform has provided citizens with the opportunity to see how their input can directly influence policy.
Academia and research organisations, non profit and social enterprise organisations Aim: Participation and democracy, smart public services
to deliver services in urban environments. With governments around the world looking at open data as a kick start for their economies
Citysdk aims to provide better and easier ways for the cities throughout Europe to release their data in a format that is easy for the developers to
Citysdk is creating a toolkit for the development of digital services within cities. The toolkit comprises of open and interoperable digital
Identifying key stakeholder groups and ensure that the project reaches the widest possible targeted audience
developer communities are able to work together to create new services and products using â€oeopen dataâ€.
-eo conferences and Google docs for communication and Github to share code and specifications Citysdk itself would not have been possible even five years ago.
DSI network effect Through the apps and services it is developing Citysdk aim is to build
smart services where user generated data make up the core activity of the service How is funded the organisation?
Currently, business models for the period after the project are being developed What are the main barriers
high quality data that is in high demand, e g..real-time traffic data Governments and civil servants demand results too quickly.
-severance as well as investment in time, money and relationships before good outcomes happen Business cases for implementing the resulting API€ s are currently miss
or profit from it Finally, the 23 partners within the consortium work together for an
Cities, non profit agencies and academic institutions Aim: Participation and democracy; Culture and arts; Other Technology Trends:
Department of Information and Communication Technologies (DTIC at UPF, which is a leader in the creation of pan-European broadband
cities provide the diversity of services required in an advanced society in a scenario with limited resources and budgetary constraints, and what
their services through technological means. The specific technologies used are very flexible, varying from city to city according to local needs
City services and authorities have had growing demands placed on them by citizens at a time when they are concurrently facing significant budg
certain services are delivered in the context of the city. Thus, in a number of respects, Commons4eu is fostering an iterative,
that this is an opportunity to do more than simply upgrade technological products and service offerings, and to instead reflect more deeply upon
on and around the public domain in the digital environment by high -lighting the challenges arising from the increasingly complex interface
public domain in the digital environment and related topics Activities include publications, meetings, conferences, projects, consul
Without the opportunities presented by the Internet, the association would not exist. After decades of measures that have reduced drastically
economies rely on a vibrant and ever expanding public domain. The role of the public domain, whilst crucial in the past, is even more important
The business model is based on the association†s independence, and the budget depends on the membership fees of the members.
-tions and can cooperate with local stakeholders to develop community services, including local networking, voice connections and Internet
access CONFINE offers an open distributed infrastructure for researchers to experiment with community networks. Community Networks are large
and removing obstacles for these networks and services What does it do, and how does
and experiment with services, protocols and applications on real-world community IP networks. This integrated platform †Community-Lab
networks supporting any stakeholder interested in developing and testing experimental technologies for open and interoperable network
-standing and removing obstacles for these networks and services CONFINE€ s Community-Lab integrates and extends three existing com
-porting any stakeholder interested in developing and testing experimen -tal systems and technologies for these open and interoperable network
village, town or region to enhance a vital community communication that strengthen participation and a functioning democracy.
content and services. Community networks expand over neighborhoods since their inhabitants are able to establish new nodes or groups of
A broad range of application services is used in these community net -works, such as VOIP, content distribution, on-demand and live media
streaming, instant messaging, remote backups and updates, file storage and file sharing The project has also set up http://opendata. confine-project. eu/using
content and services. They are extremely dynamic and diverse, as they are built in a decentralized manner,
diverse routing schemes with a diverse range of services and applica -tions. Governance, knowledge and ownership of the network are open
A broad range of application services is used in these community net -works, such as on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging
remote backups and updates, file storage and file sharing. These services face enormous challenges due to the limited capacity of servers and links
93 and the structure of the network. Operating in this large and constantly changing environment requires the deployment of distributed service
infrastructures that exploit locality, react to environmental changes and rely on cross-layer optimizations Regulation can also be a barrier,
Health and wellbeing, Energy and environment Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
by the network is â€oesustainable collaborative services on the digital plat -form: definition and applicationâ€.
examples of how digital collaborative services have been used to deliver presently unmet social needs (amongst these is Hitchhikers, †a service
DESIS Network aims at using design thinking and design knowledge to co-create, with local, regional and global partners
socially-relevant scenarios, solutions and communication programmes It does all of this in a number of key ways
To enhance its potential by creating a more favourable environment social, cultural, political, economic To raise its visibility by searching for promising initiatives and communi
by DEFRA (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs based in the UK) and conducted by the University of Bath to explore the
Health and wellbeing, science, energy and environment, participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open networks, Open data, Open knowledge, Open hardware
improving their own environment and making it more sustainable. The project does this by providing capabilities for environmental monitor
-isation of our economies and societies is seriously damaging biological ecosystems and human living conditions in the very short term, with po
tion from information and communication technologies (ICT) â€. Building on this, the four high-level aims of Everyaware are
•Involving citizens in the process of monitoring the environment, com -bining objective and subjective measures •Enhance citizens†awareness
approach guarantees high scalability of the overall system and allows for an optimal distribution of sensors (e g.,
Experimental Tribe is the first prototype of such platforms to be realised It is a web platform for gaming and social computation.
will test the scalability of the platform, aimed at involving as many citizens as possible to leverage on the low cost and high usability of the
-tem, there is also an international competition APIC (Airprobe Interna -tional Challenge) organised between four cities:
Online communication platforms: It is developed within the Web2. 0 par -adigm to provide users with the opportunity of collectively categorising
evaluating and filtering the content they browse Everyaware believes its technological focuses will enable citizens to be
of the environment; social networking tools, which allow effective data and opinion collection, and real-time information spreading processes
of pressure on the relevant stakeholders and policy makers Reducing the gap of the views between public and individuals on en
for an effective strategy of environmental communication reducing the gap between the general public and institutional bodies, with a stake in
Social enterprise, foundation Aim: Education and Skills, Science, Culture and Arts, Energy and Environment Technology Trends:
Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: A network, hosting makerspace/hackerspace, providing education &
For this reason there is a huge variety in the types of prototypes and fi -nal products developed at the Fablab, from small scale projects with little
environment, and builds an open network based on that, in which open knowledge is being shared. It engages different parties in digital social
Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary Evaporator, etc. Different machines are placed in an open space, to make the work with different machines easi
it easier for Waag Society to prototype its design concepts, as well as to carry on international knowledge sharing
moment, its business model is mainly only to maintain the lab and its community. The small incomes from the fee charged to use the space are
-verse range of stakeholders for whom the Fablab is a hub and exchange Fablabs are often dependent on public funding.
venture into healthcare Fablab Amsterdam identified a lack of skills as a barrier to growing the Fablab approach.
Getting support and help from other stakeholders: Getting external support from more established organisations has also proven to be
Social Enterprise Aim: Create a †transparency economy†by opening up the supply chain for
History and mission Fairphone was founded as a social enterprise in 2010. The organisation can†t be described as an ordinary smartphone manufacturer.
â€oeas a social enterprise we work like other businesses, but we are differ -ent, Our goal is social change rather than profit. ††Fairphone founder
and CEO, Bas van Abel The campaign and research ran for three years. In 2013, the social enter
-ment for redefining the economy To achieve its goals Fairphone is created as an open platform using
The company is working with stakeholders and partners on the ground to achieve similar assurances about other materials used in the
start of the enterprise. There are five action areas defined and through active advisory groups all the relevant input from the community is
Wernick, Fairphone communications director However, it is important to note that Fairphone do not see the phone
Since Fairphone decided to establish as a social enterprise and design, create and produce its smart phone,
from Bethnal Green Ventures to participate in a startup Bootcamp and set up its business proposition in London and later about 400,000 euro
New economies do not grow overnight. It takes a lot of effort and a long term vision What helps to reach goals and
Not only brokering partnerships between stakeholders, but also using existing initiatives like CFTI (Conflict-free Tin Initiative) Â and Solutions
†social codingâ€, Github has managed to craft a successful business model based around code review and code management for open source and
servers inside a company†s firewall under the Enterprise plans ($5000 /year/20 seats. These Enterprise plans are claimed to be the Github†s
†big-money option. †This plan enables clients to download a version of Github to live locally on their servers,
Enterprise clients include Lockheed martin, Microsoft, Livingso -cial, VMWARE and Walmart Another revenue stream is Github Jobs where employers can post job
culture of Github translates into their business model in one particu -larly obvious way: programmers or companies can use the collaborative
venture capital firm, Andreessen Horowitz, invested $100 million in the company during its Series A Funding.
developer, and also affords junior or novice developers the opportunity to see how more senior coders write code and communicate
According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services this is because people were using the Github repository †which contained
Funding and business model: Github†s †Freemium business models†(a term which relates predominantly to the fact that organisations will pay
The marginal cost of each new project is likely less than $1 per year 121 Goteo At a glance
Charities, foundation and social enterprise Aim: Platform for crowdfunding for projects generate a collective return
through fomenting the openness Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
Short description Goteo. orgâ isâ anâ open sourceâ social network for crowdfunding as well as distributed collaboration based in Spain.
facilitate †the collective investment in open projects with social, cultural scientific, educational, technological or ecological objectives that gener
-ate new opportunities for theâ improvement ofâ society and the enrich -ment ofâ community goods and resourcesâ€
Firstly, Goteo wanted to create a crowdfunding service for people in Spain. When they were developing the platform, Kickstarter, the lead
-ing international crowdfunding platform at the time, had a limitation of people not being able to publish projects without an American bank
saw a flaw with existing crowdfunding platforms and a subsequently a gap in the market for Goteo to target.
The crowdfunding taking place on Kickstarter, Indiegogo and similar crowdfunding platforms very easily lend themselves to what Schulbaum
and Senabre refer to as †problematic practices of †crowd capitalism†where crowdfunding helps raise money for
a commercial venture with global production processes, with the risk of subcontracting critical tasks to global sweatshop factories
Thirdly, Goteo identified that the majority of existing platforms didn†t encourage collaboration, and broke down the relationship between peo
This included looking at new models for financing ventures such as the micro credit site Kiva, P2pâ lending models and emerging crowdfunding
platforms like Kickstarter. The aim of the exercise was to understand how compatible crowdfunding was withâ crowdsourcing lessons learned
from the open source world. In the initial development phases the team organised workshops and meeting with the different communities
features ofâ crowdfunding from other sites, but also adding new features such as optimum and minimum costs needed, petitionsâ for collabora
Crowdfunding: The crowdfunding platform features of Goteo follows the basic principles of most other crowdfunding platforms.
The platform facilitates the sourcing of many small financial contributions towards projects that contribute to developing the commons, free knowledge
and/or open source. Unlike most other crowdfunding platforms Goteo operate with two funding windows for a campaign, each with a dura
-tion of 40 days. The first is an â€oeall or nothing†round for the minimum
belief that that crowdfunding offers benefits beyond new opportuni -ties for finance, and that †everyone who contributes to a project should
have the opportunity to source nonfinancial support from backers that can help make the projects a reality.
their prototype solutions, as well as an offer to collaborate with local authority on testing the project in a public area.
the copying, public communication, distribution, modification and/or use of part or allâ of each creation.
As a crowdfunding platform focusing on the commons, Goteo has helped raise finance for a suite of digital social innovation projects.
To facilitate the crowdfunding of campaigns, Goteo relies heavily on the ability of people to easily transfer money online, just as social media and
Modern crowdfunding and its ability to quickly mobilise large groups of often very geographically dispersed people online around a common
Social enterprises, charities andâ foundations; grassroots communities Aim: Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge
Type of Organisation Landshare is based a community social enterprise History and mission Landshare sets out †to bring together people who have a passion for
†health food access and equality, environment, food security, and com -munity cohesion. †Part of the difficulty in assessing the impact of the project relates to the
sister site the crowdfunding platform Peoplefund. it, which, like the Landshare website and app, was also set up by KEO Digital.
it works in a similar way to crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. As an ex -ample the platform was used to successfully raise £4, 401 (109 per cent
Welsh translation services Recently, Landshare. net has decided to run a trial to test the inclusion
is a not-for-profit organisation based in Berlin, Germany History and mission The Liquid Feedback software was published first in October 2009 by
has the opportunity to pitch an alternative proposal. With one or more proposals suggested it is now up to members to vote up or down on the
Private business, social enterprises, charities and foundations Aim: Participation and democracy, other Technology Trends: Open networks, Open hardwareâ Â
Type of organisation Maker Faire is a series of events created by Maker Media, a for profit
hands-on workshops, demonstrations and DIY competitions. The launch of Maker Faire in the San francisco bay Area in 2006 demonstrated the
-tion environments for DIY product designers In addition to showcasing opportunities for DIY making, Make also sell
DIY kits that can help people easily get started on making, such as an Ar -duino compatible kit which can help potential DIY makers develop their
turn their ideas into products or services, and even build business upon it. There are also many applicable business models for implementing
some open-source hardware even in traditional firms. For example, to ac -celerate development and technical innovation the photovoltaic industry
Not for profit, foundations and social enterprise Aim: Participation and democracy Neighbourhood regeneration Technology Trends:
such services did not see any interesting possibilities in this field. So a new organisation was required,
mobile services that rely on locating a particular point within the correct country, district, county, city or region
enabled the team to develop services that were much more †radical†than might have been allowed had the government vetting process been more
is possible to make profits doing commercial work that can be re-invest -141 ed in charitable, open source projects without having to employ a huge
accounts for about half of mysociety†s profits, while the other half comes from donations from donors, large and small
Insecure funding environment: Funding streams normally come and go much faster than project will need them to survive. â€oereal change move
Working out who and how to fund ongoing services can be a major chal -lenge Measuring Impact:
key funding and a favourable funding environment (grants with loose ties) were critical to mysociety succeeding in 2003/4.
mysociety Ltd. †s social enterprise model, means that the organisation are not solely thinking about the needs of funders-but
Scalability: mys -ociety always had a focus on scalability. Their first business plan stated â€oeevery project we build must be able to serve a million people for the
same running costs it would take to serve ten†What does the future look like? mysociety has future plans that relate to various different parts of their
work To grow the open-source communities around some of their core web -sites and components so that they are of ever greater value to larger
their services do or don†t impact positively on users 143 Open Government Wien At a glance
services Technology Trends: Open networks, Open dataâ Â DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
-tion, economics and science. Relevant data also comes from around the areas of statistics, geospatial, transportation and economics.
This shift to transparency, collaboration and participation has seen a whole host off web and phone apps emerge to enhance how citizens engage with the
Vienna †to further make public e-services and PSI available for use for citizens and companies. â€
-trative services available online. †For instance, more than 180 different applications to the city administration can be completed and submitted
a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission statement to regenerate the Schwedenplatz area.
there is a challenge in engaging stakeholders when, from the outset, the impact of such projects remain unknown or unclear
Environment Agency Austria, small municipality of Engerwitzdorf, City of Graz Region of Styria and others.
Ideation and Development: An initial concept needs to be refined into a clear proposition, including robust discussion between interested parties
citizens the opportunity to be co-creators of a set of laws more reflective of their values and concerns
change donation laws to enable crowdfunding projects, a law proposal on marriage equality, and the copyright law proposal †explained more fully
of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated
Type of organisation Opencorporates is a for-profit company, based in the UK History and mission Opencorporates was created by Chris Taggart and Rob Mckinnon
thus ensuring Opencorporates has a sustainable business model and giving an incentive to release information back to the community
-porates grow their business model and receive expert support from open data peers How does it achieve better
Type of organisation Open Garden is based a San francisco for-profit start-up History and mission The Open Garden Mesh app was launched in Beta on May 21st 2012
They can produce inconsistent data services that leave consumers wondering when and where they can access the network, and
communication What technological methods and tools is it using, and what did these enable that was not
-vides an opportunity for carriers to address the shortcomings of cellular networks even as they deliver a superior experience for mobile data us
access to knowledge and tools for communication. With more knowledge being shared there, it also enhances the value of the app and the compa
Social enterprises, charities and foundations Aim: Participation and democracy, other Technology Trends: Open networks, Open data, Open Knowledgeâ Â
Unit (managing research and projects), Services Unit (research and development) and Operations Unit (administration. The Open Knowl
applications and services to be built using the published data It was developed originally in 2006 by the OKF to run Thedatahub. org, a
was Europe†s biggest open data competition to date, attracting 430 en -tries from 24 Member States
Better economy: Openness permits easier and more rapid reuse of material and open data and content are the key raw ingredients for the
development of new innovative tools and services Impact of CKAN: The impact of CKAN is probably the most tangible
new web services and events related to the open knowledge agenda What are the main barriers to
Not for profit Aim: Collaborative consumptions Technology Trends: Open knowledge Key Facts: 120+articles from 70+contributors, published in French, English and
in which every person has access to the resources and opportunities they need to thrive.
The network is built on the belief that an economy based on sharing, collaboration and openness can solve many of the complex
-ent, not-for-profit organisation, Ouishare has evolved from a handful of Parisian enthusiasts to a global community spread across Europe, Latin
Type of organisation Ouishare is a not for profit organisation, which organizes the global Ou
History and mission The overarching aim of Ouishare is to shift the focus of the economy
collaborative economy and were trying to make it a reality. They began to organise meetups every month in Paris to continue their discussions
about the collaborative economy in person. It was then that initiator Antonin Leonard felt he was on to †something biggerâ€:
the shift to a collaborative economy by growing a strong, international network of people and projects.
-cies and gift economies Crowdsourced and open knowledge is opening up institutions such as governments, science, education and culture,
economy it also recognises this presents a number of challenges for the movement. Firstly, there is little knowledge about the potential impact
will bring to society and the economy. Furthermore, few projects are actually collaborating; few know about each other,
Secondly, collaborative economy needs better exposure and education which Ouishare believes could fasten the adoption of new user practic
business model reinvention by enlightened professionals. Except for a few success stories such as Airbnb and Blablacar, many collaborative con
Social enterprises, charities and foundations Aim: Sharing economy, Participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open Knowledge, Open Data
DSI activities: A network, A research project, Operating a web service Key facts: A †wiki†with nearly 8000 pages of information, which have been viewed
information on the P2p economy. The foundation also facilitates a Ning community (Ning is an online platform for people and organisations
meetups between stakeholders interested in the debate around the P2p economy. To data it has organised two annual physical meet-ups in Bel
-gium and the UK, and also have some national groups organsing meet -ings in Netherlands and Greece
and online chat networks for communications; Peer-to-peer-based digital currencies, electronic money that acts as alternative currency, such as
arrangement differs from the client†server model where communication is usually to and from a central server
subject to the physical constraints of scarcity. This demonstrates how the P2p Foundation has used technology to enable production and knowl
part of the organisation†s finance and business model. Users and sup -porters are encouraged to help support
products, pharmaceuticals, services and care Type of organisation Patients Like Me describes describes itself as â€oefor-profit organisationâ€
Both a part of Patientlikeme†s business model as well as its mission to create better treatments for its members, Pa
insurance or medical services. Patientslikeme tells members exactly what they do and do not do with their data.
investment and support model combines the elements of a research lab startup incubator and public interest initiative
What are the main barriers to innovate and how are they in the domain? Difficulty in medicine regulations:
around a business model and be able to meet the standards of medicine It†s an almost impossible set of barriers that are very hard to navigate
Try to make patient value drive the value of products and services in the 177
Patientslikeme†s fast uptake illustrates the obvious need for services of its kind 178 179
For-profit business Aim: Neighbourhood regeneration, Sharing economy Technology Trends: Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
Operating a web service Key Facts: About 15,000 members in September 2013 Website: https://peerby. com
Short description Peerby is a Dutch for-profit start-up that operates a peer-to-peer shar -ing service for products.
-preneur and actor who was looking for new opportunities. He wanted to work on something he really believed in.
prototype for the Peerby platform What does it do, and how does this activity enhance social innovation?
platform seeks to create a more sustainable environment, where people instead of purchasing products borrow or share products already bought
sharing economy and Product Service System The fast development of this market is due to a combination of the fol
Limited storage space in dense urban environment preventing consum -ers to keep all the goods they occasionally use
and the sharing economy. Thanks to the social web, people can now share anything with anyone in the world.
Peerby has received investment from a number of philanthropic as well as private investors including Stichting Doen, Agentschap NL, Sanoma
and the incubators Rockstart and Techstars. In these accelerator/incubator programmes for start-ups they learned how to build a company, how to pitch,
and how to convince financial investors. Daan believes that further access to a network of
The innovative development process and long-term scalability thinking Peerby carried out several pilot studies and prototypes before launching
the platform, which helped Daan and his team develop strong evidence that the platform was credible
quite an investment that doesn†t pay off immediately (in salary. Almost all employees of Peerby own a piece of the company through stock op
-ble business model, trust in the platform and developing the right team and diverse skill sets to run
Getting the business model and team right: Daan explains how â€oewhat we do is new, we can therefore not resort to existing business mod
-fore spent on exploring new business models. †Peerby†s goal is to be a self-sustaining company,
and business model sets big challenges for the skills of him and his team †We need to be flexible,
social enterprises, charities andâ foundationsâ Aims: Education and skills Tech Trends: Open Knowledge No. of units sold
profit charity History and Mission The Raspberry Pi Foundation was set up in 2006 by Eben Upton, Rob
who might in the more proprietary business models of the past have been †competitorsâ€) demonstrates a deep commitment to bringing about
upfront investment Its robustness and low maintenance requirements make it particularly suitable for harsher environments in many developing countries
Its small size and portability make it suitable for applications that other computers can†t reach
off-grid environments Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team†s original predicted figure of 10,000 (with
over 3 Million units having been sold worldwide as of 2013; Heeks and Robinson have examined also the impact of Raspberry Pi amid
-ment is needed to verify that the ICT (Information and communications technology) packages like the Raspberry Pi are directly contributing
Raspberry Pi ICT learning environment was installed at Dachio Primary and JHS Schools, which included 6 Raspberry Pi†s. These have been net
work more easily in electrical off-grid environments, making it an ideal device for educational purposes in developing countries, etc
traditional business model, the licensing model of the Raspberry Pi tech -nology might be deemed a disadvantage:
revenue and profit than Raspberry Pi. In defence to this however, Rasp -berry Pi have indicated that their goals are clearly set on achieving their
Offline Environments: While the Pi†s design ensures it is suitable for off-grid environments, this alone does not overcome other infrastruc
-tural barriers, such as there being limited or no Internet access. For this reason Khan academy Lite was developed as an offline version ofâ Khan
Health and wellbeing, Energy and environment, Participation and democracy Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Knowledge
while other prototypes can be linked to a mobile phone. These counters are available at different costs
have done everything, from crowdfunding, designing and developing hardware, building a community, collecting and sharing open data, as
counter, crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter have been used to raise funding for developing different versions of the Geiger counter and
-proaches to develop the original prototype Geiger counters, Crowdfund -ing has been crucial in the funding and scale up of the Geiger counters
Safecast successfully ran campaigns on crowdfunding platform Kick -starter (it raised $36, 900 with an original target of 33,000) to finance
Safecast has used two rounds of crowdfunding on Kickstarter to fund the development of its devices.
Health and wellbeing, Energy and environment Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Data, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware
who were working on similar project prototype. Together they formed the initial team of project Smart Citizen Kit
real time, and thus help improve the environment quality What is the social impact it is
used for the purpose of monitoring the environment. It focuses the im -pact of new technologies at different scales of human habitat, from the
city†s work on improving urban environments. The Amsterdam Smart City project is, in partnership with Waag Society, planning on deploying
-ing of the kit happened via crowdfunding platform Goteo A number of technological developments have been fundamental in
Building on this, the crowdfunding of the kit demonstrated the collective interested in a tool and service such as the kit
-funding, via the Spanish Goteo crowdfunding platform. In June 2012 backers on Goteo raised 13,700 Euro for the project to make the very
phase, but was aided by the funds generated through crowdfunding plat -form The team returned to crowdfunding using platform Kickstarter in May
2013 once again, where it managed to raise $68, 000 from 517 back -ers. The second round of crowdfunding helped the Smart Citizen team
achieve their aim of purchasing bulk orders of hardware components to offer kits at the lowest possible costs, developing additional features
by encrypting and routing communications through many different Internet servers. Subsequently, Tor has been de -veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights
dotcom bubble, everyone was offering free services, and by free they meant †we take all your information and sell it as many times as pos
developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy fea -tures. Tor provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow
Tor†s team actively seeks out opportunities to attend conferences facilitate conversations and provide teaching tools on the importance of
information sharing in safe, productive environments Growth in Tor relays and bridges resulting in improved capacity,
opportunities for individuals to express their views, parody politicians celebrate their favourite movie stars, or criticize businesses.
security and critical infrastructure by making communication among individuals, organisations, corporations, and governments more vul
world must be able to trust that their information, communications and documents are safe and secure.
protected communications, or worse yet become reluctant to use digital communications and avoid services that both improve their lives and
drive commerce. Those of us in the technology sector, citizens at home and constituents globally are asking
that hidden services aren†t just used by criminals, pointing to organisa -205 tions using the technology to â€oeprotect dissidents, activists,
Social enterprises, charities and foundations Key Aims: Participation and democracy; Other Technology Trends: Open data*;
-ap enable users to operate outside of traditional communication barriers to potentially monitor elections, map crisis information or curate local
The main services provided by Ushahidi are three free software products that enable social activism and public accountability, through crowd
There is also evidence that the volunteer geo-location services offered by the UHP core team were useful for SAR efforts, for example through
services to crowdsource the mapping of local information. The site allows the use of Openstreetmap maps in its user interface, but requires the
Consulting Services As a result of the extensive experience the organisation has gained in customising their platform for multiple purposes worldwide, Ushahidi
have adapted their business model to offer new opportunities for collab -oration through information-sharing †offering technology customisa
-tion and strategic consulting services to a wide range of clients (includ -ing Al-jazeera, the World bank and the United nations
supplementary services data) app to reduce the time it takes to process reports and manage the flood of SMSS coming through its platform to
-dated computers, browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data
Scalability: Pretty much all of the site†s requirements point to having a shared API (Ouroboros) that serves a large number of projects.
Presenting the public with the opportunity to play a part in scientific research seems an integral part of Zooniverse†s overall success. Take for
environment Participative open government Pioneering science culture & education Smart public services Open Networks Confine
Opengarden net Freecoin Everyaware Commons 4eu Tor Project Make sense Smart Santander Open Data Wikipro-gress
Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer Work Package 6 †Recommendations
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011