more small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES By supporting projects and ideas that boost competitiveness as well as tackle societal issues such as human health and
pharmaceutical company and three small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) †all with a strong commitment to
small-and medium-sized enterprises. In response, large ICT companies have begun to broaden their collaborative strategies to include actors outside the â€oebusiness ecosystem, †as traditionally conceived, such as
-income individuals and households and among small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMES 2. 1. 1 Low-income individuals an households
2. 1. 2 Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMES SMES are the backbone of all economies, large and small, developed and developing.
-enterprises, Grameen Telecom introduced a pay-peruse system. This system reduced capital and maintenance costs and established the viability of non-subscription mobile services.
its revenues. 38 SAP, the world leader in collaborative enterprise software with 50%of the market, employs
Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society put it, â€oeinnovation is †a multidimensional concept which goes beyond technological innovation to encompass †new means of distribution, marketing or
SAP AG, the market leader in collaborative enterprise software, is leveraging its core competence to help build the capacity for good governance in resource-rich developing
and leave the rest †especially in enterprise computing †to a vast network of partners who custom tailor final solution for particular markets.
Microsoft†s Enterprise Partner Group provides established partners with continuing education, marketing, and other forms of support.
While the Enterprise Partner Group is a critical part of the company†s near-term business strategy, the Local Software Economy (LSE) Group is part of a cluster of initiatives that helps
medium and large enterprise use. MICS also typically provide a raft of skill-and capacity-building services to
Microsoft†s Enterprise Partner Group. Other times, more innovative, customized support is required. In the former
and the potential to scale up are referred to Microsoft†s Enterprise Partner Program with its network of Microsoft Technology Centers (MTCS),
Enterprise Partner Program, which grows them from there. However, the company does take â€oeproof points†of
particular, small and medium enterprises lacking access to computers or the Internet were locked out of the
small-and medium-sized enterprises. The Toolkit facilitates SME start-up and growth by providing owners and entrepreneurs
Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) are the growth engines of the world†s most productive economies
SAP, the global leader in collaborative enterprise software, is leveraging its expertise in business network transformation to
opportunity throughout the extended enterprise Drivers So far, Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, the Kyrgyz Republic,
enterprise has unlocked value for SAP€ s customers by helping them identify risks and opportunities earlier and
http://www. ibm. com/ibm/ideasfromibm/us/enterprise/mar27/ceo study. ht ml (September 15, 2007. Page 12
http://www. ibm. com/ibm/ideasfromibm/us/enterprise/mar27/ceo study. ht ml (September 15, 2007 ICICI Bank. 2007.
Innovative Partnerships to Foster Small Enterprise, Promote Economic growth, and Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries Jane Nelson
Enterprise Program, Deputy Director of the Development through Enterprise project, and Senior Fellow. During his WRI tenure, he was involved in
Robert S. Katz is a Research Analyst with the Markets and Enterprise Program of the World Resources Institute.
web site and blog about enterprise and development. As a principal analyst of household survey data and co-author for The next 4 Billion
WRI's Markets and Enterprise Program produces economically sound policies, bold vision, and practical solutions in collaboration with the
and enhance the public contributions of private enterprise. It explores the intersection of corporate responsibility, corporate governance,
-ing the role of dynamic entrepreneurs and enterprises, regardless of firm size, for eco -nomic development (Schumpeter Mark I hypothesis). Following Schumpeter, there has
and products than larger enterprises, thus emphasising the flexibility of a small firm size. Based on US data, Acs and Audretsch (1990) provided further empirical support
large enterprises (Craggs and Jones 1998: Across Europe the proportion of innovating firms by size class varied from 73%of large firms, 49%of medium sized firms to 37
largest enterprises have consistently been a disproportionately important source of in -novation in the manufacturing sector in the UK (Tether et al. 1997
and dynamic complementarities exist between large and small enterprises Tether et al. 1997; Rothwell 1983 This variety across firm size has led some authors to attempt to classify the various
imitative products which however are new for the enterprise. Examples for a higher degree of innovation would be products and services
inherent division of labour between enterprises and institutions, in short: the overarching innovation systems. The main characteristics of any such system are its enterprises
public research institutions and transfer organisations, the educational system, the legal and institutional framework and public policy (Fritsch and Lukas 1999.
development paths of industry and enterprises (Breschi 2000. For example, research seems to indicate that the German innovation system favours high-tech incremental
enterprises often are used not to articulate R&d needs, which leads to a low level of R&d, partly due to a lack of trust and
linkages of small and large enterprises alike, including the international migration of highly skilled personnel (e g.,
and in adapting research results to an enterprise context. As such, knowledge is needed an input for regional RTD,
-ent agents (enterprises, public research institutions, etc. rather than organisational or in -dividual learning. Collective learning includes the regional accumulation of knowledge
enterprises. Another example concerns science parks which often were not able to re -cruit sufficient firms or they have been recruiting the †wrong†firms, i e.,
-ters of innovative enterprises and the role of the external environment in fostering innova -tion (Lawson 1997.
-try and along the value chain (vertical cluster) or horizontally with enterprises competing in the same sector. 17 Spatial concentration is explained by drawing on ag
For enterprises, clusters have sev -eral advantages (Maskell 2001, Malmberg and Maskell 2002: Firms are able to draw
-tion) and IT (esp. international computer hardware and software enterprises that have operations in Bangalore. The enterprise structure consists of many branches of MNCS
e g. Texas instruments, Infosys Technologies Ltd..In total, Bangalore is the most im -portant centre of civil and military aircraft and aerospace industry and IT in India.
In a historical context, the US major enterprise Texas instruments that †discovered†Bangalore as a location is of great importance.
helped to settle technology orientated public enterprises in Bangalore, the latter made the settlement of foreign MNCS possible.
-works) that supported the settlement of foreign enterprises. In Bangalore subsidies were given on an enterprise level (e g.,
, free trade area and establishment of the †Soft -ware Technology Parkâ€) so that the support reached the beneficiaries directly
enterprises were focused mainly very and centralised, vertically high integrated sys -tems locked into an inefficient technological trajectory (Bathelt 2001.
services for enterprises 93. 500number of employees in the 14 lead and growth sectors 1, 20
services for enterprises 93. 500number of employees in the 14 lead and growth sectors 1, 20
Today, ca. 33,200 enterprises, mainly SMES, are settled in the urban community and Montpellier has one of the highest firm
enterprise to the city†(Hansen 1999: 94. Apart from that, the increase of students and
Since 1987, more than 300 enterprises have been accompa -nied by the CEEI within the Montpellier agglomeration with an above-(national) average
approach like the Norcom cluster where enterprises/spin-offs originally were the 50 main actors or a kind of †top down†approach Biomedico represents with institutions
enterprises in Medicon Valley) is a main element fostering economic development Toedtling et al. 2006), but effective collaboration between local parties has its positive
area, acts as an intermediate between universities, enterprises, and authorities aiming for promoting the medical sector (Sornn-Friese and Sorensen 2005
the past the enterprises in Prato had a high degree of productive self-sufficiency nowadays some intermediate production is being subcontracted to
As in every industrial district, the enterprise structure in Prato is characterised by an extensive division of labour.
This means the enterprises are highly dependent on one another to be able to carry out their own tasks.
The enterprises †have to construct a network (â€) of business relations with other firms for the most part possessing complimentary specialisations. †(Dei Ottati
As most enterprises in the industrial district Prato are SMES they are also highly de
According to this, in Prato†s enterprises an atmos -phere of high collaboration and absolute trust can be observed, although lately some
) The two biggest enterprises within the cluster offer nearly half of all jobs, only 42
enterprises employ more than 20 employees, and more than 200 enterprises do not have any employees at all.
Because of the high specialisation and concentration there is also high competition within the cluster (Nadvi and Halder 2005;
from leading enterprises (†pipelinesâ€) import new knowledge into the region. This is fol -lowed by the so-called †buzz†in the cluster:
Tuttlingen, or the settlement of major multinational enterprises such as IBM in Montpellier †Big pharma†in North Jutland and Texas instruments in Bangalore.
-prises, this also results in strong technological commonalities of enterprises, thus reducing the probability of radical innovations.
Local enterprises in the global economy. Issues of governance and up -grading. Cheltenham: Elgar, pp. 200-232
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 13 (1), 62-72 Koch, A. and T. Stahlecker (2004:
Enterprise and Innovation. European Planning Studies 12 (7), 985-1002 Lawton Smith, H.,D. Keeble, C. Lawson, B. Moore and F. Wilkinson (1998), Contrasting regional innova
Regional differences in environment for enterprises. Entrepreneurship & Regional De -velopment 11,187-202 Rizzoni, A. 1991:
Innovations, Small and Medium Enterprises and Economic Development in Ukraine and Belarus: A Position Paper.
Smaller enterprises and innovation in the UK: the SPRU Innovations Database revisited. Research Policy 2, 19-32
Enterprise & Industry Directorate General, in the context of the"Sectoral e -Business Watch"programme.
European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry E-mail: entr-innov-ict-ebiz@ec. europa. eu info@ebusiness-watch. org
The European commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General, launched the Sectoral e -Business Watch (Sebw) to study
and assess the impact of ICT on enterprises, industries and the economy in general across different sectors of the economy in the enlarged European union, EEA
www. europa. eu. int/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index. htm, www. ebusiness-watch. org
The findings are based on an international survey of enterprises on their ICT use, case studies and an econometric analysis of the ICT impact on productivity growth in the sector
Enterprise & Industry Directorate General. It is part of a deliverable in the context of the Sectoral e
Enterprise & Industry Directorate-General D4"ICT for competitiveness and innovation "entr-innov-ict-ebiz@ec. europa. eu
enterprises form the sector on their ICT usage conducted by the Sebw in September 2007
Only 8%of all enterprises actually employ ICT practitioners (most of the small companies cannot do so.
that enterprises in Europe and in the US have reached a similar status E-business adoption in EU vs.
enterprises from the TLS industries. It is the first time the Sectoral E-business Watch conducts a study on this sector;
represents the continued effort of the European commission, DG Enterprise and Industry to support policy in the fields of ICT and e-business,
In ICT-related fields, DG Enterprise and Industry has a twofold mission:""to enhance the
European enterprises in general.""The services of the Sebw are expected to contribute to these goals in the logistics and transport sector.
to assess the impact of ICT with regard to productivity and growth on enterprises industries and the economy in general
more effective use of ICT by enterprises in Europe to assess the role of ICT as an enabler of organisational changes and business
the aim of increasing the competitiveness of European enterprises and raising productivity and growth through investment in information and communication
enterprises if the Lisbon targets of competitiveness are to be realised European companies, under the pressure of their main international
The Sebw is one of the policy instruments used by DG Enterprise and Industry to
momentum as a topic for enterprise strategy both for large multinationals and SMES "Measurement of e-business is of particular interest to policy makers
merit of pointing towards the role of ICT in cooperations between enterprises and the increasing digital integration of supply chains.
Eurostat Community survey on ICT usage in enterprises (2006: Results of the Eurostat survey are used as a source for the analysis of ICT adoption in
percentages of enterprises with a certain activity. This constitutes the first and most basic step in data presentation.
survey among decision-makers in European enterprises from the transport and logistics industry about the ICT use of their company.
Furthermore, when optimising their supply chains, enterprises in the EU increasingly recognise that there are competitive alternatives to road freight.
issues discussed have been selected in coordination and agreement with DG Enterprise and Industry and with industry federations as particularly relevant and topical
ICT by European enterprises has grown steadily from 2003 to 2005 for several technologies. Even internet access, reaching saturation, still increased by 2 percentage
Percentages of enterprises adopting several technologies (2005) †EU25 57 Reis F. The internet and other computer networks and their use by European enterprises to do
ebusiness, Statistics in focus, Industry, Trade and Services, 28/2006 E-business in the transport & logistics industry
and logistics patterns of enterprises adopting several ICT technologies (as a percentage of the total number of enterprises with 10 or
more persons employed) is quite similar to the overall percentage of enterprises in EU 25
including all sectors Exhibit 3. 1-3: Enterprises use of ICT (2005)( as a percentage of the total number of
enterprises with 10 or more persons employed Internal Computer Network Intranet Online purchases business model
Online sales business model External integration of business processes *Transport & Logistics 59 29 21 12 13
Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises E-business in the transport & logistics industry
because of its size in terms of the number of persons and enterprises it connects and its worldwide scope.
Internet access is therefore fundamental for enterprises to start benefiting from the Information Society. For most EU Member States internet adoption is
Overall, for the EU, by 2005,91%of enterprises with 10 or more persons employed had internet access. 58 In line with this tendency, in the present
The use of computer networks internally in the enterprise is believed to yield potential gains in efficiency and productivity.
streamlines and boosts the efficiency of the enterprise. A computer network is composed of multiple connected computers that communicate over a wired or wireless (Local Area
serves as a communication tool within the enterprise, and an Extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended to users outside the company.
With a diffusion rate of 13%,micro enterprises are behind the level of usage of large companies, where 26%reported using Voice-over-IP services
that from the micro enterprises. It can be expected, in general, that usage will increase rapidly over the next few years;
success for enterprises and individuals in a knowledge-based economy. The development of human capital, research and adaptation of new knowledge and skills is
enable enterprises to increase productivity and harness ICT to produce greater economic value. The econometric analysis presented in this report using the EU KLEMS database
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/ict/policy/doc/e-skills-forum-2004-09-fsr. pdf
on e-business in 2006 reported that enterprises are anticipating skills shortfalls for ICT practitioners, particularly in ICT strategy, security and new business solutions. 66
While 33%of micro enterprises with up to 9 employees confirmed this asseveration, it is true for 61%of large-sized firms (see Exhibit 3. 2-1
%The small share of micro and small CE enterprises saying that they employ ICT practitioners can be explained by the fact that it seems to be more
size-bands in%of enterprises Source: Sectoral E-business Watch Survey 2007 Figures related to the TLS sector shows
80 INTEROP-VLAB is the"European virtual laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability",INTEROP -VLAB is stemming from the Network of Excellence INTEROP-Noe (Interoperability Research for
Networked Enterprise Applications and Software, FP6 508011), coordinated by University Bordeaux 1 with 47 partners and more than 300 researchers
81 ATHENA Advanced Technologies for Interoperability of Heterogeneous Enterprise Networks and their Applications-Is integrated an Project sponsored by the European commission in
Software in micro and small enterprises which constitute the vast majority of TLS companies Exhibit 3. 3-3:
Figures for size-bands are in%of enterprises from the size-band Questionnaire reference: A13a, A13b and A13c
Final Report. http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/ict/policy/doc/2006-11-20-flossimpact. pdf
Several large European enterprises, including technology companies and service providers, are at the forefront of bringing RFDI solutions to the market and many small
-and medium-sized enterprises have introduced successfully this technology. Current trends and forecasts indicate that the RFID market will grow fast in the next 10 years
variety of operational conditions, environments and applications, enterprises that commit to the RFID journey are
entities such as EPCGLOBAL and GS1, together with local governments, large enterprises and technology vendors, continue to drive progresses towards the attainment of a global
A DMS system allows an enterprise and its users to create a document or capture a hard copy in electronic form,
DMS may be needed in enterprises that capture and store a large number of documents such as invoices, sales orders, photographs, phone
are cross-functional and enterprise wide. All functional departments that are involved in operations or production are integrated in one system.
in the TLS industry 6%of enterprises representing about 21%of employment say they have an SCM system.
processes across enterprise boundaries, so that multiple enterprises can cooperate closely to achieve shared business objectives
From the early successes of internal application integration and the business drivers of the Internet economy to companies to more tightly integrate their processes, the next
wave of business communication centres around cross-enterprise application integration collaborative workflows, and sophisticated business process dialogs.
of collaborative enterprises E-business in the transport & logistics industry 65 has legal implications to both transacting parties. e-invoicing is mediated a computer
as this application promises enterprises a fast return on investment, also for SMES. Currently, 25%of firms accounting for about
"data for size-bands in%of enterprises. Base: all companies E-business in the transport & logistics industry
set of administrative and overhead operations†to a strategic enterprise initiative by a systemic integration of the following components
The two areas, intra-enterprise integration (mainly represented by ERP and inter-enterprise integration (mainly represented by SCM) present a low rate of
adoption in the TLS sector and have similar features (6%of enterprises say they have an
SCM system and the same percent say they have an ERP system. In certain way, they
while only 13%of micro enterprises reported using a WMS, 69%of large TLS companies said that they use this
22%)and large enterprises (26 %In other industries studied last year by the E-business W@tch, CRM is
large enterprises. Curiously, environmental protection and transport safety were considered by micro-sized firms more relevant as large-sized firms did
and should be read as"enterprises comprising â€%of firms in the sector (s)".Figures for size-bands are in%of enterprises from the size-band
Source: Sectoral E-business Watch (Survey 2007 E-business in the transport & logistics industry 84 3. 7. 2 Barriers to e-business adoption
firms and should be read as"enterprises comprising â€%of firms in the sector (s)".Figures for size-bands
are in%of enterprises from the size-band Source: Sectoral E-business Watch (Survey 2007 E-business in the transport & logistics industry
enterprises (not shown in Exhibit 3. 7-5) are quite relevant too: more than a half of micro
enterprise represent a barrier to ICT uptake. Small enterprises have fewer needs but they usually also have less resources to put into ICT †they employ fewer ICT practitioners
and have less financial resources than their larger counterparts. Examples are the low adoption of ERP systems and advanced e-procurement solutions adopted by micro and
According to the survey data, large TLS enterprises are currently increasing focus on ICT issues, as they have started introducing more advanced ICT solutions such as e
The survey results show that 13%of enterprises (accounting for 25%of the workforce) in the TLS industry said that they had launched new or improved
relationships between departments within an enterprise. Organisational changes may relate to a rearrangement of functions, workflows and importance of departments and
This resource planning system is similar to an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system, but including resource planning as well as incidence
enterprises exist providing the same features as the †Truck Business†solution Thanks to the usage of †Truck Businessâ€, N c. Cammack & Son remain competitive in its
competitiveness and effectiveness of European transport and logistics enterprises will have a positive impact on other industries and,
In international comparisons, EU TLS enterprises are †on average †level with their counterparts in USA in their use of ICT.
although, Polish enterprises are not far behind in its use of some ICT technologies Sectoral comparison:
and enterprises  Counteract e-business skill-shortages in the market e g. by promoting multi-stakeholder partnerships in ICT
deployment of an ERP systems among medium-sized and small enterprises would create a much broader base for sectoral e-business and this could drive process efficiency and
productivity gains in European enterprises. Now there is a positive market environment to attain this goal:
Micro to Medium Enterprises (JEREMIE) initiative, which allows European Member States and Regions to use a part of their structural funds to obtain a set of financial
enterprises Improving ICT skills and managerial understanding and skills for e-business Skills requirements arise as an important issue
assessment of required skills for enterprises in the TLS. The required skills can be provided at a general level, such as public education,
126 See http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/enterprise policy/cip/index en. htm and http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/home. html, respectively
Enterprises, September 2005. Available at www. ebusiness-watch. org E-business Watch Survey 2006 Edquist, C.,Hommen, L. and Mckelvey, M. 2001.
Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises (2005 Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises (2005
Faems, D. and Van Loy, B. 2003), The Role of Inter-Organisational Collaboration within Innovation
Price and Production Policies of A large-scale Enterprise. American Economic Review, Vol. 29, No 1. Supplement, Papers and Proceedings of the Fifty-first Annual Meeting of the
Enterprise 2. 0: The Dawn of Emergent Collaboration. MIT Sloan Review, Spring 2006, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 21-28
Reis F. The internet and other computer networks and their use by European enterprises to do ebusiness
European enterprises by means of representative surveys. The E-business Survey 2007 the fifth in a series of surveys conducted in 2002,2003,
The highest level of the population was the set of all computer-using enterprises (and, in
Micro enterprises (up to 9 employees)--up to 30 %Small companies (10-49 employees) up to 40-50%*at least 30
The survey was carried out as an enterprise survey: data collection and reporting focus on the enterprise, defined as a business organisation (legal unit) with one or more
establishments. Due to the small population of enterprises in some of the sector-country cells, the target quota could not be achieved (particularly in the larger enterprise size
-bands) in each country. In these cases, interviews were shifted to the next largest size -band (from large to medium-sized, from medium-sized to small),
or to other sectors Fieldwork Fieldwork was coordinated by the German branch of Ipsos Gmbh (www. ipsos. de) and
distribution of enterprises in the population of the respective sector or geographic area The Sectoral E-business Watch applies two different weighting schemes:
and by the number of enterprises. 130 Weighting by employment: Values that are reported as employment-weighted
figures should be read as"enterprises comprising x%of employees"(in the respective sector or country.
predominance of micro-enterprises over other kinds of firms. If the weights did not factor in the economic importance of different sized businesses, the results would
Weighting by the number of enterprises: Values that are reported as"x%of enterprises"show the share of firms irrespective of their size,
i e. a micro-company with a few employees and a large company with thousands of employees both
The results for follow-up questions can be computed on the basis of enterprises that were asked the question (e g."
"in%of enterprises with internet access")or on the basis of all companies surveyed. In this report, both methods are used,
enterprises. In some cases, every enterprise within a country-industry and size-band cell was contacted and asked to participate in the survey.
This means that it is practically impossible to achieve a higher confidence interval through representative enterprise
surveys in which participation is not obligatory. This should be taken into account when comparing the confidence intervals of E-business Watch surveys to those commonly
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