zz fostering entrepreneurship in Germany by continuing to develop the range of information and advisory
out of the youth employment and entrepreneurship initiative between ITU and Telecentre. org Foundation. The partnership seeks to advance youth employability, entrepreneurship, and social inclusion
by addressing challenges surrounding integrating young people into the employment market, highlighting innovative approaches and uses of ICTS,
entrepreneurship opportunities. The ongoing information technology revolution is transforming established sectors from agriculture to health and creating new ones from microwork to apps
entrepreneurship can be a viable career option, many governments are enacting policies aimed at encouraging more graduates to become job creators, not job seekers
Entrepreneurship initiative between ITU and Telecentre. org Foundation. As Director of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT),
job matching services, entrepreneurship courses, contests, and even start-up funding. The private sector is behind many of these resources, with government and nonprofit organizations playing important roles
new Youth employment and Entrepreneurship Resources Database at www. itu. int/ITU-D/youth What will be required to connect more youth to this new world of opportunities?
reshaping pathways for employment and entrepreneurship. It is a dynamic environment where governments and other stakeholders need to be more adept at developing
4 New employment and entrepreneurship opportunities †Emerging sectors...17 4. 1 Online job services and job matching...
6 Entrepreneurship skills and support...35 6. 1 Entrepreneurship skills...36 6. 2 Mentoring and networking...
38 6. 3 Crowdfunding, contests, and other sources of capital...39 6. 4 Toolkits and training programmes...
8. 5 Policies to support youth entrepreneurship...61 9 Conclusion...62 References...64 Glossary...69
and entrepreneurship skills and seize new ICT-enabled career prospects? is there need for action when the market is creating new opportunities for people with ICT
employment and entrepreneurship opportunities. The database is available at: www. itu. int/ITU-D/youth
entrepreneurship skills as well as programs that foster entrepreneurship. Chapter 7 examines the diverse ways in which youth can become equipped with ICT and entrepreneurial skills, again with a greater focus
and entrepreneurship. Chapter 9 offers some concluding thoughts 1. 2 Notes and limitations Each one of these chapters could occupy many books,
One of these is a working definition of employment and entrepreneurship. For purposes of this report a
this categorization, entrepreneurship is a form and subset of self employment. Self employment, though can be a double-edged sword. â€oemany businesses in developing countries are started not to exploit
Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, adopts Schumpeter†s idea of an entrepreneur as one who is dynamic and willing to take risks to exploit existing business opportunities
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor4†the largest ongoing global study of entrepreneurial dynamics in the world†measures the multiple phases of entrepreneurship.
The phases start out with potential entrepreneurs†those that see opportunities in their area and believe they have the capabilities to start
broader society can influence the spread of entrepreneurship through perceptions about this activity as a
media. 5 This report focuses on the early stages of entrepreneurship 2 Youth and unemployment
4 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, â€oegem 2011 Global Report, †(Babson Park, Mass: Babson College, 2011
dynamics in the world, measures multiple phases on entrepreneurship, sponsored by Babson College (USA Universidad del Desarrollo (Chile) and Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (Malaysia.
of entrepreneurship occurring in a wide basket of countries. It measures entrepreneurship through both surveys and
interviews to field experts, conducted by the teams of each country 5 World bank. World Development Report 2013:
4 New employment and entrepreneurship opportunities †Emerging sectors The increasing adoption of ICTS in everyday life,
entrepreneurship. First, the ways in which young people find work through digital job matching services is
people†s first interactions with technology as well as a huge source of employment and entrepreneurship There are countless initiatives that offer youth skills training in device repair, local employment
6 Entrepreneurship skills and support It is recognized widely that entrepreneurship is a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growth
and employment opportunities around the world. In developing countries successful small businesses are the primary engines of job creation, income growth,
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) estimated that 388 million entrepreneurs were engaged actively in starting and running
Entrepreneurship, Emprendimiento, Ujasiriamali The importance of entrepreneurship is being elevated around the world. Governments, multinational corporations, and NGOS are joining forces to promote entrepreneurship as a strategy for economic
development. It is becoming easier for entrepreneurs to find the information they need to start their own
businesses, and an increasing number of government initiatives are helping to make the process quicker
of the new national priority that governments are assigning to entrepreneurship. Over 120 countries now
participate in Global Entrepreneurship Week activities promoted by the Kauffman Foundation. As a result young people everywhere are participating in pitch fests, competitions, startup events and other activities
126 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, â€oe2011 GEM Global Report. †It should be noted that the GEM surveys entrepreneurs
While the excitement around entrepreneurship is unmistakeable, it is also important to temper expectations as there is no definitive evidence that entrepreneurship will solve the job situation faced by
youth in the developing world. It is early days, and proper assessments of programmes and initiatives are
Entrepreneurship education and start-up support contribute to the creation and development of entrepreneurial attitudes, motivations and skills needed to successfully run
6. 1 Entrepreneurship skills Many factors are required for successful entrepreneurship. Most important are entrepreneurship skills
and competences. 131 Motivated people need the right set of skills to identify entrepreneurial opportunities and to turn their entrepreneurial projects into successful ventures.
Becoming familiar early with the idea that running one†s own firm can be a potential career option is important, and education
Good Practices in Local Youth Entrepreneurship Support,"(OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working papers 11,2010), www. oecd
www. bioscience. heacademy. ac. uk/resources/entrepreneurship/skills. aspx 133 An â€oeihuber†is a person who frequents the IHUB co-working space and business incubator in Nairobi, Kenya
entrepreneurship communities. Many organizations also sponsor networking events, such as pitch fests139 and Barcamps, 140 further underscoring the critical role of face-to-face interaction.
Build Your Business (BYB) is an interactive entrepreneurship training course designed to introduce young people aged 16-35 to the basic ideas, actions,
including entrepreneurship skills, ICT training, apprenticeships, business training, funding and/or mentorship, among others. These
connecting them with greater opportunities for education, employment and entrepreneurship Through Youthspark, Microsoft will dedicate the majority of its cash contributions to nonprofit
an ecosystem that connects people and fosters entrepreneurship Website: www. ihub. co. ke 7. 3. 2 Hacker/maker spaces
entrepreneurship training. 170 As described elsewhere in this report, private and public entities have stepped up to offer mobile learning programs in
designed to harness ICTS for youth education, employment, and entrepreneurship. The examples are the result of a combination of factors:
employment and entrepreneurship. It is concerned especially with the school to work transition, an important period in the lives of youth.
entrepreneurship opportunities 8. 1 ICTS in education The opportunities for learning and innovating with ICTS are immeasurable,
8. 5 Policies to support youth entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship has become a policy priority in many countries.
Whether driven by necessity or opportunity, entrepreneurs need support to succeed. This is especially true for young entrepreneurs who
and sustain youth entrepreneurship initiatives. Examples of strategies that have proven effective include •Develop a culture of entrepreneurship by providing appropriate training that encompasses
innovation, personal development, leadership and practical business skills. Ensure training opportunities can be accessed through formal and non-formal channels
The transformations taking place around youth, ICTS, employment, and entrepreneurship are characterized by rapid change and innovation.
and positioned to seize new employment and entrepreneurship opportunities? The report has outlined a number of strategies pertaining to the role of government
entrepreneurship require another level of dedication. This ranges from creating favourable conditions for start-ups such as ease of business registration and access to low-interest loans, to direct support for such
and connecting them to employment and entrepreneurship opportunities. Telecentres, libraries community technology centres and other places that offer computer resources, internet connectivity, and
the needs of youth and support governments in implementing youth employment and entrepreneurship strategies, while development agencies and foundations can provide financial support and expertise
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. â€oe2011 GEM Global Report. †Babson Park, Mass: Babson College 2011 www. gemconsortium. org/about. aspx?
Entrepreneurship Support.""OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED Working papers 11 (2010. www. oecd-ilibrary. org/content/workingpaper/5km7rq0k8h9q-en
4 New employment and entrepreneurship opportunities-Emerging sectors 4. 1 Online job services and job matching
6 Entrepreneurship skills and support 6. 1 Entrepreneurship skills 6. 2 Mentoring and networking 6. 3 Crowdfunding, contests,
and other sources of capital 6. 4 Toolkits and training programmes 6. 5 Mobile resources
8. 5 Policies to support youth entrepreneurship 9 Conclusion References Glossary
Creating Shared Value by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer The Idea In brief The concept of shared value†which focuses on the connections between societal and economic progress†has
Real social entrepreneurship should be measured by its ability to create shared value, not just social benefit
social entrepreneurship. The results have been missed opportunity and public cynicism How Shared Value Differs from Corporate Social Responsibility
Social Entrepreneurship, 2013 The Innovation Union supports social innovation, and under FP7 has launched a specific
and how it can be accelerate, University of Oxford, Skoll centre for social entrepreneurship Murray, R.,Caulier-Grice, J.,Mulgar, G.,(2010.
In this sense, social entrepreneurship and the cooperative movement of the'60s can be seen as important examples of social innovation too
and entrepreneurship The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social
create new specific instruments for social entrepreneurship SUPPORT TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS & START-UPS Development and entrepreneurship programmes
In public institutions there are examples such as the New york city Economic Development Agency and in particular its entrepreneur programme34.
Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases
entrepreneurship around the world, helping young companies, and particularly high -tech start-ups to grow and thrive.
These indicators now include innovative entrepreneurship and innovation in firms universities and public research institutes,
-entrepreneurship /38 http://www. oecd. org/sti /outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles /competencestoinnovate /taxincentivesforrdandinnovation. htm 39 http://crowdingin. com
3. Social entrepreneurship, social enterprises, social economy: what is the difference 2. Upscale social innovation into public policies 17
Stimulating innovation, entrepreneurship and the knowledge-based society is at the core of the Europe 2020 Strategy
3. Social entrepreneurship, social enterprises, social economy: what is the difference Social innovations can come from both the public and the private sector.
ï The term social entrepreneurship is used to describe the behaviours and attitudes of individuals involved in creating new ventures for social purposes,
Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation in the OECD study"SMES, entrepreneurship and Innovation "http://www. oecd. org/cfe/smesentrepreneurshipandinnovation. htm
The social economy and social entrepreneurship are also a tool for social inclusion. They often
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/social -economy/social-enterprises/index en. htm
entrepreneurship and easily accessible for social enterprises The social economy has different traditions in different parts and Member States of Europe.
of Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship of the ESSEC business school in à le-de-France60. It
sustainable economy driven by innovative entrepreneurship, which creates value for people and planet ï Innovation & Action Lab (BE)( http://www
Results based entrepreneurship in The netherlands Implementation stage Results Based Entrepreneurship (RBE) aims at stimulating technological and social innovation within
SMES. Advisors work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation improving communication, raising personnel involvement etc.
competitiveness of SMES mentions the investment priorities (a) promoting entrepreneurship, in particular by facilitating the economic exploitation of new ideas and fostering the creation of new
3. 4. Social entrepreneurship to revive the social economy...49 4. Conclusion: scanning the future to shape the future...
the European union Social Entrepreneurship Funds (Eusef...105 3. 2. 4. The development of microcredit/microfinance...
-edged in an OECD report on social entrepreneurship25 †e ven if social entrepreneurship as an activity is developing quickly around the world
A term like social entrepreneurship tends to overlap with terms such as social economy, third sector, nonprofit sector, social enterprise and social
to an overly narrow definition, social entrepreneurship should be defined on the basis of three main characteristics
y social entrepreneurship should be placed in the main †engine room†of European integration: the Single Market raised social innovation to a new level of recognition
25 SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, contribution of Antonella Noya (OECD, 2010 20 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
Social entrepreneurship (or intrapreneurship), the main vector to channel action in this field is often small,
frame the notion of social impact in the Eusef (European Social Entrepreneurship Funds) and Easi (European
57 The Regulation on European social entrepreneurship funds (Eusefs) was published in the Official Journal on
58 The third axis of this programme focuses on microfinance and social entrepreneurship with a fund of EUR
y Adopting an attitude of experimentation and entrepreneurship (government itself needs to become bolder and more entrepreneurial
Structural Funds are meant to emulate new ideas and entrepreneurship 71 http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/sources/docgener/presenta/social innovation/social innovation 2013. pdf
the integration of social entrepreneurship in the curricula of specific vocations, or the provision of training improving the business skills of social entrepreneurs.
entrepreneurship and easily accessible for social enterprises The social economy has different traditions in different parts and Member States of
Results-based entrepreneurship in The netherlands Results-based entrepreneurship (RBE) aims at stimulating technological and social innovation within SMES
Advisers work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation (improving communication, raising personnel involvement, etc.
entrepreneurship). ) The BIS also promotes social business by bringing together people who have interests in sustainable
3. 4. Social entrepreneurship to revive the social economy Beyond the priority measures in its short-term action plan, the Social Business Initiative
SBI) has engendered powerful and sustained momentum for social entrepreneurship One of the most iconic stages of this phenomenon was unprecedented an event held
Governments and public bodies have started to recognise the power of social entrepreneurship. Steps are being
involved in social entrepreneurship through a substantial number of opinions and the Social Enterprise Project.
encouraging entrepreneurship throughout the EU100 or the COSME (Competitiveness and SMES) programme, 101 which has a direct or indirect impact on organisations in the social
All these elements can apply to the development of social entrepreneurship and jobs in the social economy as well as in other purely commercial sectors.
-works, as well as social entrepreneurship As a response to the wide interest shown in the consultation process for the Single Mar
-side financial profitâ€. †Social entrepreneurship is deemed to represent a real source of jobs and greater social inclusionâ€.
of Strasbourg hosted a large European interactive event on social entrepreneurship and the social economy121 which ended with the Strasbourg Declaration, 122
innovation, the social economy and social entrepreneurship With a view to that challenge, the Social Investment Package (SIP) has encouraged
social entrepreneurship axis of the Employment and Social Inno -vation (Easi) represented the first EU-wide initiative specifically
y promoting entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial culture The promotion of social innovation in this programme can be carried out in the four
event on social entrepreneurship and the social economy. During this two-day event attended about 2000 participants, a collaborative,
way forward for the social entrepreneurship sector in a final declaration (The Strasbourg Declaration) summarising the outcome of the discussions and making ten precise rec
Social innovations and social entrepreneurship fea -ture either in specific workshops or as an issue in workshops on local development.
to the development of social entrepreneurship in the EU. Its work can be followed on -line151.
This will include, inter alia, expanding existing entrepreneurship education activities and developing new ones; taking advantage of innovative financing
y To favour social inclusion and support social entrepreneurship, the current contracts†reservation in favour of sheltered workshops has been extended to economic op
the European union Social Entrepreneurship Funds (Eusef On 22 july 2013, a new European investment fund specifically designed to enable in
The European Social Entrepreneurship Funds (Eusef) can be marketed to investors who are able to make a minimum invest
microfinance and social entrepreneurship axis of the Easi programme176, which will support the development of the social investment market,
entrepreneurship axis is around EUR 193 million for the 2014-20 period. This budget will
be evenly spread between microfinance and social entrepreneurship, with a minimum of 45%going to each.
Entrepreneurship Social Innovation Microcredits loans 109p A r T I I †M A i N d E V E L O P m E N t S i N e U P O
/promoting-entrepreneurship/files/mutual/mutual-sy-rep-11-10-13 en. pdf 110 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
enhance national and regional policies and actions towards social entrepreneurship This is the first time this research has been conducted at European level.
The Social Innovation Tournament, established by the EIB Institute in 2012, encourages entrepreneurship and new
Employment & Entrepreneurship Voluntary activities; Participation; Social inclusion; Health & Wellbeing; Creativity & Culture; Youth and the World.
given to social entrepreneurship 122 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
entrepreneurship, inclusive and innovative societies and transformative social innova -tions as well as on the economic underpinnings of social innovation
EFESEIIS-Enabling the flourishing and evolution of social entrepreneurship for innovative and inclusive societies The project provides advice to stakeholders on how to foster Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation;
drafts an Evolutionary Theory of Social Entrepreneurship to explain the different evolutionary paths of Social Entrepreneurship
in Europe and how Social Entrepreneurship and institutions co-evolved over time; identifies the features of an enabling
ecosystem for Social Entrepreneurship; and identifies the New Generation of Social Entrepreneurs, its features, needs
and constraints as well as their contribution to Social Innovation SEFORIS-Social Enterprise as Force for more Inclusive and Innovative Societies.
Social entrepreneurship to revive the social economy 4. ï¿Conclusion: scanning the future to shape the future
the European union Social Entrepreneurship Funds (Eusef 3. 2. 4. The development of microcredit/microfinance a. European Progress Microfinance Facility
entrepreneurship and social enterprise. It draws on inputs from hundreds of organisations to document the many methods currently being used around the
book on civic entrepreneurship in the USA. Whereas in business the firm is the key agent of innovation, in the social field the drive is more likely to come
entrepreneurship inside a major organisation. They can also be characterised by an †insider-outsider†mindset and approach. 1 One
Inclusive Entrepreneurship (COPIE) brings together a wide variety of stakeholders to discuss issues relating to inclusive entrepreneurship, local
development, and social entrepreneurship 305) Action learning sets are groups of between four and seven people
who come together on a regular basis to reflect on their work, support each other, and learn from formal evidence as an aid to both innovation
entrepreneurship and venture philanthropy have also been better at supporting individual projects than making them more than the sum of their
Entrepreneurship, the Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award (organised by the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship), and the
Macarthur Fellows Program which grants $500, 000 to recipients over five years. Such awards can be an effective means of distributing funds
and entrepreneurship, such as Echoing Green†s SEQ †social emotional Teaching an Uprising. Uprising is a youth leadership programme based in
Many MBAS now offer modules on social entrepreneurship, and there is a thriving market in specialist courses
Europe. †Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship Working Paper. †Oxford: Saã d Business School, University of Oxford.
486) Lessons in social entrepreneurship such as the programmes offered by INSEAD and the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship
at Oxford†s Saã d Business school. Another model is the School for Social Entrepreneurs (SSE) mentioned in method 206,
which promotes social entrepreneurship and social enterprise across the UK (see also method 466 3 SUPPORT IN THE MARKET ECONOMY 193
1. For more information on social enterprises and social entrepreneurship see, Nicholls, A Ed.)(2006) †Social Entrepreneurship:
new models of sustainable social change. †Oxford Oxford university Press; Gregory Dees, J. 2001) †The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. â€
Reformatted and revised, May 30, 2001; Defourny, J. and Nyssens, M. 2008) Social Enterprise in Europe:
Entrepreneurship, Democratic Action, and the Cultivation of Solidarity, Cambridge MIT Press, 1999 Geoff Andrews, The Slow Food Story, Pluto Press, 2008
Entrepreneurship (COPIE) 137 Community Shared Agriculture 205 Competitions 38; 54-55; 156; 170 Complaints Choirs 26;
Entrepreneurship 169 Scripts 22; 110 Seating Arrangements 47-48 Seedcamp 44 Sekem 74; 192 Seoul Metropolitan Government 39
Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship 192 Saã d Business school, Oxford university 126; 192 Skoll Foundation 169
entrepreneurship to meet social needs. We have a 55 year track record of success with ventures such as the Open university, †Which?
economy, social entrepreneurship and social enterprise. It draws on inputs from hundreds of organisations around the world to document the many
-entrepreneurship/erasmus-entrepreneurs/index en. htm •*OGSBTUSVDUVSFÏ¿BOEÏ¿FOBCMJOHÏ¿GBDUPSTÏ¿ï¿This tool aims at contributing to developing a climate that is
In recent years, new methods to foster entrepreneurship and innovation have grown rapidly across the world
better digital entrepreneurship. 13 The real question is how these positive beginnings can scale to enable new forms of social innovation to
and refer to RTD policies, interaction-oriented policies, entrepreneurship policies, science policies, education policies, labor market policies, and competition policies
communities, free and not free, empowering entrepreneurship, driven by innovation, stimulating growth Table 5: Open innovation 2003-2014-Source:
entrepreneurship, such as Ping in Nantes, Aalto Fablab, or Fabulous St. Paulis in Hamburg), just to give a
The European Social Fund, for example, promotes entrepreneurship through financial and business support businesses. Targeted support is provided to women entrepreneurs and
Innovation and Entrepreneurship http://knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/index. cfm? fa=viewcat&cid=12 16. J. P. Murmann, Knowledge and Competitive Advantage:
and framework conditions for electronic business and entrepreneurship 2. facilitate the take-up of electronic business
Entrepreneurship data Data on business density (number of newly registered companies per 1, 000 working-age
•Open ecosystems to foster grassroots digital social innovation and entrepreneurship: The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs, and that decen
DG Regio and Social Entrepreneurship in DG Enterprise In addition to that, a selection of initiatives from the European States will be covered.
•Open ecosystems to foster grassroots digital social innovation and entrepreneurship: The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs, and that decen
DG Regio and Social Entrepreneurship in DG Enterprise In addition to that, a selection of initiatives from the European States will be covered.
on Entrepreneurship and innovation-organizations institutions, Systems and regions Copenhagen, CBS Denmark, June 17-20,2008 8 Archibugi, D.;
innovation, liberalisation, entrepreneurship employment and (this being Europe) social inclusion as well as sustainable development. Yet the backdrop
Innovation often stems from entrepreneurship and a willingness to take risks. Empirical research indicates that new firms tend to be the most innovative in their
initiatives in an attempt to boost entrepreneurship These are intended to reduce the regulatory and administrative burden for SMES, to simplify
entrepreneurship sap innovation and constrain productivity growth. Progress in meeting the goals of the European Commission†s entrepreneurship plans
would be a good step towards enhancing innovation and productivity growth. The following areas in
academia to entrepreneurship; and demonstration effects which encourage entrepreneurship. A similar commitment to increased funding for SME research can be found across the OECD, at regional, national
and supranational levels of government 69. However, lead technology developers make up less than 5%of the total SME population (See
entrepreneurship Clarysse, B. and M. Uytterhaegen, 1999, â€oeinside the Black box of Innovation: Strategic Differences between SMES€, working paper University of Gent, under review at Small Business Economics
OECD, 1998, Fostering Entrepreneurship, Paris: OECD OECD, 1998, Technology, Productivity and Job creation: Best Policy Practices, Paris:
entrepreneurship, on innovative performance have been conducted in developed countries particularly in the context of high-tech industries (Stam & Elfring, 2008), our study is carried out
Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Pursuit of Competitive Advantage. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 23 (3), 47-63
Covin, J, . & Slevin, D. 1988). THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ON THE UTILITY OF AN ENTREPRENEURIAL TOP MANAGEMENT STYLE.
A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 16 (1), 7-25
Covin, J, . & Slevin, D. P. 1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign
Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Journal, 19 (1), 147-156 Eisenhardt, K. M, . & Schoonhoven, C b. 1996).
11 (Corporate Entrepreneurship), 29-47 Jacob, J, . & Szirmai, A. 2007). International knowledge spillovers to developing countries:
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35,1025 -1050 Larraã eta, B.,Zahra, S. A.,& Gonzã¡lez, J. L. G. 2012.
Entrepreneurship and innovation in small-firm networks. Journal of Business Venturing, 9 (2), 125-140
The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29,770-791 Miller, D,
entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 40 (2), 185-197 Robertson, P. L, . & Langlois, R. N. 1995).
Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurship -performance relationship: A longitudinal analysis. doi: 10.1016/0883-9026 (94) 00004
Corporate Entrepreneurship, Knowledge and Competence Development. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 169-189
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