8th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development and 4th Eastern European ESD Conference:
Building Resilient Economy, Zagreb, Croatia 241 SOCIAL INCLUSION AS INNOVATION Alessandra Morgado Ramiro de Lima
geographic milieu (the other two being technological creativity and entrepreneurship Castells (2000) argued that technological innovation in the second half of the twentieth
Entrepreneurship scholars have embraced the notion of social innovation and conflated it with social entrepreneurship (Bull 2008;
Ridely-Duff and Bull 2011. Social entrepreneurs, like their commercial counterparts, are said to recognize opportunities
a shift, especially in the so-called European school, from seeing entrepreneurship in terms of individuals†attitudes and behavior towards processes of discovering and
More than £350 million of public money has been spent on social entrepreneurship charity capacity-building and social ventures (Young Foundation 2007), helping to
important source of finance for small innovative initiatives and entrepreneurship 444 R. Grimm et al specifically in international development.
At the micro-level attitudes to social entrepreneurship and organizational cultures will shape opportunities for individuals
Social Innovation, Potentials for Business, Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and Civil Society edited by H. W. Franz, J. Hochgerner,
. and C. Steyaert. 2010. â€oethe Politics of Narrating Social Entrepreneurship. †Journal of Enterprising Communities 4 (1:
In Challenge Social Innovation, Potentials for Business, Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and Civil Society, edited by H. W. Franz, J. Hochgerner,
Challenge Social Innovation, Potentials for Business, Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and civil Society, edited by H. W. Franz, J. Hochgerner,
Social Innovation, Potentials for Business, Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and Civil Society edited by H. W. Franz, J. Hochgerner,
Social Innovation, Potentials for Business, Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and Civil Society edited by H. W. Franz, J. Hochgerner,
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 37 (5: 1045†1069 Ridley-Duff, R, . and M. Bull. 2011.
an Entrepreneurial Future. †Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 (1: 113†135. doi: 10.1111 /j. 1540-6520.2010.00425. x
Internet Entrepreneurship and Economic growth
Social Innovation Whitepaper Social Innovation to answer Society†s Challenges  2014 Frost & Sullivan www. frost. com2
par ticular focus on education, entrepreneurship and health Meanwhile other interpretations focus more on the business value of
innovation and entrepreneurship and allow the region to flourish and grow 1 Executive Summary 1. 1 Introduction and rationale for the report
business and entrepreneurship producing industry-ready graduates and new innovation models that drive the economic development of the region
The development of a pilot strategy in the region to ensure a greater emphasis on Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in secondary schools through competitions and enterprise modules
new business start-ups and entrepreneurship arising out of the third level sector The development of a creative industries plan supported by Enterprise Ireland, the Business and Innovation Centre, County and City Enterprise Boards and the third level sector in the region
business and entrepreneurship producing industry-ready graduates and new innovation models that drive the economic development of the region
The development of a pilot strategy in the region to ensure a greater emphasis on Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in secondary schools through competitions and enterprise modules
Entrepreneurship is also obviously an important factor, including community initiatives and others as well as the traditional understanding of the entrepreneur as an individual.
new business start-ups and entrepreneurship arising out of the third level sector. The potential of the creative and cultural industries in the Southeast is an important element of the development strategy for the region
At Postgraduate level Waterford IT has masters†programmes in Arts and Heritage Management, Business Entrepreneurship, a range of computing options as well as in Innovative Technologies
new business start-ups and entrepreneurship arising out of the third level sector •The development of a creative industries Strategy supported by Enterprise Ireland, the Business and Innovation Centre, County and City Enterprise Boards and the third level sector in the region
It has the potential to create new and sustainable jobs and a new culture of entrepreneurship throughout the Southeast region
on fostering entrepreneurship and coding skills among European youth by setting up a coding cup across eight countries in
entrepreneurship is an important part of this effort The letter stated that tech entrepreneurship will power the economic
recovery. The app economy workforce is predicted to triple its revenues from â 17.5 billion to â 63 billion from 2013 to 2018
entrepreneurship â€oewe support entrepreneurship but we also have to create conditions of the wealth of all of society in general.
We can†t boil the whole ocean, †he said Finance and training Start-up companies can†t begin
European entrepreneurship Startup Europe introduced a commission one-stop website for entrepreneurs. Other forums include the
Technology has provided entrepreneurship training for more than 1, 000 students and contributed to the creation of more than
enhancing digital entrepreneurship in Europe, and picked John Higgins, director general of trade association Digitaleurope
Digital entrepreneurship cuts across a huge amount of policy areas and national and European responsibilities.
entrepreneurship. It†s a driving force that will be needed to overcome the obstacles that exist at national and European level
social entrepreneurship and the activity of social enterprises; the reconfiguration of social relations and power structures4;
entrepreneurship Social innovation, social enterprise and social entrepreneurship Discussion about social innovation is still dominated by issues about social enterprise and
social entrepreneurship. However, while the terms †social enterpriseâ€, †social entrepreneurship†and †social entrepreneur†are connected all closely to
the concept of social innovation, 59 they are distinct We argue that the relationship between social
enterprises (and social entrepreneurship) do require special attention and research, a problem arises when social enterprises generally, and the activities
entrepreneurship Drawing on contexts, Defourny and Nyssens outline three schools of thought within social enterprise
and social entrepreneurship. 62 First, originating from the US, there is the †earned income school
idea of social entrepreneurship as bringing about systemic change through innovation Third, is the European research network
social entrepreneurship and social innovation we still need to acknowledge that much of social innovation comes from these very organisations
social entrepreneurship. First, a focus on social enterprise within social innovation discourses obscures the real and important contributions made
entrepreneurship view the concept very broadly and understand it as operating within a much wider
account of how social entrepreneurship relates to politics, social movements and collective action This is problematic when trying to understand the
enterprise and social entrepreneurship is prob -lematic because there are limits to what these can achieve.
social entrepreneurship alone; it necessarily involves political action at various levels from the formal to
entrepreneurship is centred a human concept that highlights the personal qualities of a person who starts a new organisationâ€, †social innovation is
entrepreneurship and social enterprise, social innovation transcends sectors, level of analysis and methods to discover the processes †the strategies
while social entrepreneurship and social innovation clearly overlap, †a difference lies in the fact that social innovation is not necessarily market
oriented, while social entrepreneurship clearly isâ€. 68 Elsewhere, the TEPSIE project has argued that †social innovation is much broader than either social
enterprise or social entrepreneurship †but may overlap with one or the other or both.
innovation, social entrepreneurship and social enterprise Social Innovation Social Entrepreneurship Social Enterprise Adapted from Nicholls & Murdock, 2012
AN AREA Of DEBATE 33 While social entrepreneurship should be viewed as a key component of current thinking within
social innovation, it should be recognised that the field of social innovation is much broader than
social enterprise and social entrepreneurship Social innovation is concerned clearly with new combinations of activities and resources to develop
Dey and Steyaert argue that social entrepreneurship is currently dominated by a †grand narrative††which
entrepreneurship debate in this grand narrative contributes to †the impression that social change can be achieved without causing debate, tensions
entrepreneurship †introduces a de-politicised image of social changeâ€. 73 Indeed, there is a denial of
†neutralization†of social entrepreneurship which suggests it is ideology free (or post-ideology) and
dominant narratives of social entrepreneurship to †de-politicize, trivialize and individualize†complex social processes †culminates in a depoliticized story
social entrepreneurship tends to give an apolitical account of social change is shared by Cho who
entrepreneurship is inherently political because there is no broad agreement about what concerns are in a society†s †true†interest. 75 Determining
social entrepreneurship as a field is therefore guilty of †bypassing political processes in favour
social entrepreneurship cannot itself constitute a normative account of social change. Rather, †social entrepreneurship is a means to an end;
it is not itself capable of defining social needs or assessing whether the burdens of meeting these needs are
entrepreneurship and its connections to social change. The same process needs to be undertaken for the concept of social innovation
Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and Civil Society Springer: London 45. Generally speaking we call existing needs †social†if
entrepreneurship: Definitions, drivers and challenges In: Volkmann CK, Tokarski KO, Ernst K (eds. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business.
Springer Gabler pp. 31-48 66. Westley F, Antadze N. 2010. Making a difference Strategies for scaling social innovation for greater
entrepreneurship: Definitions, drivers and challenges In: Volkmann CK, Tokarski KO, Ernst K (eds. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business.
Springer Gabler pp. 31-48 69. Caulier-Grice, J. Davies, A. Patrick, R. Norman, W
narrating social entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities. 4 (1): 85-108 72. Ibid 73. Ibid
entrepreneurship: A critical appraisal. In Mair J, Robinson J, Hockerts K (eds. Social Entrepreneurship. New york: Palgrave Macmillan
76. Ibid 77. Known as public services in the UK 78. www. ssireview. org/articles/entry/innovation
entrepreneurship: A critical appraisal. In Mair J, Robinson J, Hockerts K (eds. Social Entrepreneurship. New york: Palgrave Macmillan
80. Among others, the Third Sector Impact Project http://thirdsectorimpact. eu/)and ITSSOIN (http //itssoin. eu/)undertake what we suggest concerning
Entrepreneurship 1 (2), 41†58 Hoffman, K.,Parejo, M.,Bessant, J.,Perren, L.,1998. Small ï rms, R&d
New Entrepreneurship and the Smaller Firm Campus, Frankfurt, New york Tomala, F.,Seâ'neâ'chal, O.,2004.
heart of entrepreneurship (Schumpeter 1934. There are empirical researches presenting evidences about the importance of small
5 Golodner, A m.,Antitrust, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Small Business Economics Vol. 16 No.
SMES, Entrepreneurship-Creativity and Innovative Business Models, Thierry Burger-Helmchen (Ed.),ISBN: 978-953-51-0069
14 http://www. intechopen. com/books/entrepreneurship -creativity-and-innovative-business-models/creative-business -model-innovation-for-globalizing-smes, 2012
Entrepreneurship Monitor, Rapport voor Bel en Vlaanderen 2006 17 Wickham, Philip A.,Strategic Entrepreneurship, Pearson, Fourth
Edition, 2006 18 Williamson, O. E.,The Institutions of Governance, The American Economic Review, Volume 88, Issue 2, 1998
of Entrepreneurship and S Business management. Pearson, Fifth Edition, 2008 20 Business models for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, in
24 www. alliedacademies. org/entrepreneurship/index. html 25 www. animmc. ro The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
et al. 2003; Eddleston et al. 2008; Klein 2000. The purpose of this research is to exam
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 2 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
Innovation Family business The field of family business research has been gaining impetus in recent years Chrisman et al. 2010;
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 3 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
predicting SME performance (Anderson and Eshima 2011; Achtenhagen et al. 2010 Innovation has been discussed as the development of a new product, the process of de
Innovation in firms has been studied in several forms in the entrepreneurship litera -ture. For example, a firm's †entrepreneurial orientation†suggests that a combination of
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 4 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
have a longer planning cycle that non-family firms, and thus, innovative capacity is in
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 5 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
lose their †familiness†as the advantages of knowledge may be changed in its application or reduced
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 6 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
industry groupings were similar across the two countries: the retail sector for family 112 businesses or 38.2%)and for non-family (46 businesses or 33.6%).
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 7 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
Family firms included 15.6%of respondents with 0 employees, and most firms in the family sample had between 1 and 10 employees (68.3%)as compared to the 10 to 20
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 8 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
efficients of the two variables remain at a similar level, but there are significant t values for
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 9 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
result (Î=0. 41, t=5. 14, p<.01. The t value is significant at the 1%level at 5. 14, but
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 10 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
Shane 2000. For this study, knowledge was not only significant in the final model, but it
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 11 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
The relationship between a family firm's knowledge-based resources and performance should influence the way a firm is organized to exploit these resources (Wiklund and
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 12 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
performance, everything else constant. This finding could indicate that as firms become less innovative as they age, they become more bureaucratic over time with increases in
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 13 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
discussed in the †Sample†subsection of the †Methods†section, we are confident in the
have factored consistently in recent entrepreneurship studies as being conducive to entrepreneurship (Busenitz et al. 2000; Autio 2005.
Thus, the question of whether the findings are specific to Australia and the USA (or Western countries in general) or per
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 14 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
benefits of an increased sample size outweigh the disadvantages, through developing a more reliable sampling group by combining the two subgroups.
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 15 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
showed no significant difference between the US and Australian samples. Second, a regression analysis with each sample was conducted to investigate whether the two
from the entrepreneurship, SME, and strategy literature (for example, Covin and Slevin Price et al. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 16 of 20
http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14 1989; Edelman et al. 2005; Gundry and Welsch 2001;
Hitt and Ireland 2000; Lee and Sukoco 2007; Wiklund and Shepherd 2003. Pretests regarding the clarity of the survey
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 17 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14
to grow and expand Two control variables were added to the final model: firm size and age.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34, 289†316 Alavi, M, & Leidner, D. 2001). Knowledge management and knowledge management systems:
Paper presented at the first annual global entrepreneurship symposium, New york, 29 apr 2003 Audia, P, Locke, E,
Global entrepreneurship monitor. Report on high-expectation entrepreneurship. Wellesley: London Business School/Mazars/Babson Barney, J. 1991.
Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99†120 knowledge. The creation process refers to the organizations'effort to gather informat
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Bruderl, J, & Preisendorfer, P. 2000). Fast growing businesses: empirical evidence from a German study.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 249†266 Carrillo, P, Robinson, HI, Algghassani, A, & Anumba, C. 2004).
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 555†575 Chrisman, JJ, Kellermanns, FW, Chan, KC, & Liano, K. 2010).
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35 (5), 1077†1090 Dierickx, I, & Cool, K. 1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34, 1145†1172 Gilbert, BA, Mcdougall, PP, & Audretsch, DB. 2008).
Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8, 1†17 Gundry, HP, & Welsch, LK. 2001). ) The ambitious entrepreneur:
) The intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic management research. In DL Sexton & H Landstrom (Eds.
The Blackwell handbook of entrepreneurship (pp. 45†63. Oxford: Blackwell Price et al. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 19 of 20
http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14 Hofstede, G. 1991. Cultures and organizations:
software of the mind. London: Mcgraw-hill Holt, DT, Rutherford, MW, & Kuratko, DF. 2010). ) Advancing the field of family business research:
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30, 731†746 Lee, KC, Lee, S, & Kang, IW. 2005).
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. doi: 10.1111/j. 1540-6520.2012.00548. x Ling, Y, & Kellermanns, FW.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22 (3), 1†24 Lumpkin, GT, & Dess, GG. 1996). ) Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct
In WD Bygrave (Ed.),Frontiers of entrepreneurship research: proceedings of the 23rd annual entrepreneurship research conference (pp. 309†321.
Babson Park: Babson College Mccann, JE, Leon-Guerrero, AY, & Haley, JD. 2001). ) Strategic goals and practices of innovative family businesses
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32, 507†528 Naldi, L, Nordqvist, M, Sjoberg, K, & Wiklund, J. 2007).
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 20 of 20 http://www. innov Nordqvist, M. 2012.
Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2003 global report. Wellesley: Babson/London Business school/Kauffman Foundation Reynolds, PD, & White, SB.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32, 979†998 Skilton, PF. 2009). ) Knowledge based resources, property based resources and supplier bargaining power in Hollywood
entrepreneurship in East asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26, 513†535 Teece, DJ, Pisano, G,
Entrepreneurship in family versus non-family firms: a resource-based analysis of the effect of organizational culture.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28 (4), 363†381 Zahra, SA, Neubaum, DO, & Larraneta, B. 2007).
ation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14 doi: 10.1186/2192-5372-2-14 Cite this article as:
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013 2: 14 Abstract Background Family business Innovation Knowledge Family firms and performance
. and Schulze, W s. 2009) Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of Business Venturing, 24: 465†476
%Although researchers in OI and entrepreneurship have begun only just to study the role of the individual owner/manager in the success of OI within an SME context
Small Businesses and Private Entrepreneurship during Transition: The Case of the Czech Republic. Eastern European Economics, 33,38-75
Small Firms and Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern europe Springer Ragatz, G. L.,Handfield, R. B. & Scannell, T. V. 1997.
Entrepreneurship in the transition economies of Central and Eastern europe. Journal of Small Business Venturing, 14,417-425
â€oethe Entrepreneurial University†at the university†s Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation (CEI: this project is funded by the European Social Fund, the Danish Growth Council and Aarhus University.
â€oeshortcut to Knowledge†project at the university†s Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation (CEI: this is
especially in projects related to training, entrepreneurship and regional competence building. The total sum of ESF funding has been â 33 million,
Leadership and entrepreneurship Digital technologies can reach into the handbags and homes of individuals who are
entrepreneurship and the knowledge-based economy, the new strategy for Europe, Europe 2020, must have social innovation at its centre,
and social entrepreneurship. They are overlapping but distinct. The term social entrepreneurship is used to describe the behaviours and attitudes of
individuals involved in creating new ventures for social purposes, including the willingness to take risks
broader than either social entrepreneurship or social enterprise †although it will often include one or both of these.
Unlike the terms social entrepreneurship and social enterprise, social innovation transcends sectors, levels of analysis,
Denokinn, the Basque Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and New Business development in Spain is creating a business park for social
Entrepreneurship Ireland and Vietnam †to promote social entrepreneurship in Ireland and Vietnam by funding social initiatives and organisations acting
entrepreneurship. These remain rare but are beginning to spread, for example Denmark†s recent strategy for social enterprise
Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and New Business Development in Bilbao, or the world wide network of Living Labs
There are many existing courses and programmes for social entrepreneurship and a few for social innovation. However, while some existing training
social entrepreneurship, and a market in specialist courses is beginning to emerge. Specialist academies linked to social economy initiatives, such as the
lxvii For more information on social enterprises and social entrepreneurship see, Alex Nicholls ed.)(2006) Social Entrepreneurship:
new models of sustainable social change, Oxford: Oxford University Press; J. Gregory Dees (2001) The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship, reformatted
and revised, May 30; Jacques Defourny and Marthe Nyssens (2008) †Social Enterprise in Europe: Recent Trends and Developmentsâ€, Social Enterprise Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 3 and Jacques
for Social Entrepreneurship Working Paper, Said Business school, University of Oxford Oxford: UK lxxxviii Andrew Milner,(eds.
Entrepreneurship Working Paper, Said Business school, University of Oxford. Oxford: UK cxxiv Murray, R.,Caulier-Grice, J. & Mulgan, G. 2009.
Entrepreneurship Working Paper, Said Business school, University of Oxford, Oxford: UK cxxvi European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent
Social Entrepreneurship http://elware. fi/teematyo 126 clix For a recent survey see Tuan, M. 2008) Measuring and/or estimating Social Value Creation
 The form a space of enterprising entrepreneurship with spill over potential to other activities  Furthermore, they are active agents in the drawing up
entrepreneurship and social enterprise. It draws on inputs from hundreds of organisations to document the many methods currently being used around the
book on civic entrepreneurship in the USA. Whereas in business the firm is the key agent of innovation, in the social field the drive is more likely to come
entrepreneurship inside a major organisation. They can also be characterised by an †insider-outsider†mindset and approach. 1 One
Inclusive Entrepreneurship (COPIE) brings together a wide variety of stakeholders to discuss issues relating to inclusive entrepreneurship, local
development, and social entrepreneurship 305) Action learning sets are groups of between four and seven people
who come together on a regular basis to reflect on their work, support each other, and learn from formal evidence as an aid to both innovation
entrepreneurship and venture philanthropy have also been better at supporting individual projects than making them more than the sum of their
Entrepreneurship, the Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award (organised by the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship), and the
Macarthur Fellows Program which grants $500, 000 to recipients over five years. Such awards can be an effective means of distributing funds
and entrepreneurship, such as Echoing Green†s SEQ †social emotional Teaching an Uprising. Uprising is a youth leadership programme based in
Many MBAS now offer modules on social entrepreneurship, and there is a thriving market in specialist courses
Europe. †Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship Working Paper. †Oxford: Saã d Business School, University of Oxford.
486) Lessons in social entrepreneurship such as the programmes offered by INSEAD and the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship
at Oxford†s Saã d Business school. Another model is the School for Social Entrepreneurs (SSE) mentioned in method 206,
which promotes social entrepreneurship and social enterprise across the UK (see also method 466 3 SUPPORT IN THE MARKET ECONOMY 193
1. For more information on social enterprises and social entrepreneurship see, Nicholls, A Ed.)(2006) †Social Entrepreneurship:
new models of sustainable social change. †Oxford Oxford university Press; Gregory Dees, J. 2001) †The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. â€
Reformatted and revised, May 30, 2001; Defourny, J. and Nyssens, M. 2008) Social Enterprise in Europe:
Entrepreneurship, Democratic Action, and the Cultivation of Solidarity, Cambridge MIT Press, 1999 Geoff Andrews, The Slow Food Story, Pluto Press, 2008
Entrepreneurship (COPIE) 137 Community Shared Agriculture 205 Competitions 38; 54-55; 156; 170 Complaints Choirs 26;
Entrepreneurship 169 Scripts 22; 110 Seating Arrangements 47-48 Seedcamp 44 Sekem 74; 192 Seoul Metropolitan Government 39
Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship 192 Saã d Business school, Oxford university 126; 192 Skoll Foundation 169
entrepreneurship to meet social needs. We have a 55 year track record of success with ventures such as the Open university, †Which?
economy, social entrepreneurship and social enterprise. It draws on inputs from hundreds of organisations around the world to document the many
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