We model product usage decisions in a social environment where consumers have the possibility of
dividuals explore the environment developed by programmers. The game was introduced originally in 2004 and became the best-selling PC game of 2005 and 2006 worldwide.
The game environment and related data are particularly suitable to the study of product usage
environment and individuals have the opportunity to join online communities to share experiences and explore content simultaneously.
for expert players to advertise their group in the world environment or facilitate the transmission
positive and negative, of the changed economic environment in Romania for the development of small medium enterprisesâ€.
and of getting stronger of SMES sector, environment factors (generally powerfully unstable) they act through numerous and diverse
SME environment (Santarelli and Sterlacchini, 1990; Kao, 1983 For smaller firms, technology adoption is indeed a crucial
environment and the general development of the economy. Long term economic difficulties are focused attention on the importance of
environment, SMES are flexible and possess a greater adaptation capacity favorite by reduced dimensions and rapid decision process.
functioning in a business environment to the highest level. The competitive advantage of Romanian SMES will depend on the state to
business environment for SME growth and their competitiveness is based on the national strategy and government policies to facilitate an
businesses environment reducing the unemployment rate and increasing the productivity. It is necessary for the Romanian state to rethink the
environment, and positive, facilitating the access at new markets of provision and sale, the acceleration of the know-how transfer, the access
in the environment and the appropriateness of strategic and tactical actions (Cohen and Levinthal 1990.
Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (1), 75†87
The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965.
institutional environment is a determining factor for enhancing the technological and economic competitiveness of a region.
officials have developed close personal ties with the local business environment. In the process of establishing key strategic priorities for innovation,
environment for Smart Specialisation and subsequent public policy action. First, they confirm the central role of an effective regional government in the whole process, coordinating and monitoring the
and improving the business environment for SMES in Eastern europe through both financial and nonfinancial assistance (human capital and technology) the entrepreneurial
assistance, and the business environment in Romania. Economic Development and Cultural Change 54,33-70 Brunswicker, S. & van de Vrande, V. 2014.
The building of this unit will make the research environment a global leader 2 5
•protecting the environment and promoting resource efficiency; and •investing in education, skills and lifelong learning
environment, rather than focusing exclusively on the public, private or non -profit sectors The background is that Europe is in the midst of profound transformation;
The European Commission†s Directorate General for the Environment estimated that average annual damages from 2000 to 2200 would be
the environment In light of these recommendations, the European commission has established the Lead Market Initiative (LMI) which aims to facilitate the creation and
challenging †for example, healthcare, energy and the environment. This initiative shows that challenges are also opportunities
the environment they are working in. It emphasises, too, that new ideas have to secure support if they are to survive.
impact and continues to do so as the environment around it changes Many promising innovations have foundered
understanding of the local environment together with their extensive networks. The benefits are multiple: the yogurt is highly nutritious
especially in fields such as the environment, health and care, where it is often ahead of business or government.
on the environment and the possibilities for civic action. †So, in 2009, the organisers decided to continue their efforts to support
concerns on issues as diverse as the environment, sexism, inequality, public 61 transport, the quality of social housing, debt, public corruption, incivility and
environment for a wide range of staff to work together on some of the most
and develop new joint enterprises in a highly innovative environment The Social Innovation Park will host more than 50 international companies
Built Environment initiated in 2009 to improve productivity through environments designed to promote well-being. cv
VINNOVA, Sweden VINNOVA (The Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems promotes sustainable growth by funding needs-driven research and
establishing healthier work environments and ways of working, and Gigahertz Centrum †a centre developing energy-efficient electronics and
environment, identified nearly 30 in use, some designed to guide investors, and some for developers, running the gamut from methods
environment clxvii clxviii or health †where decision-making is typically a complex and confusing process, characterised by multiple value tradeoffs
problematic in fields such as health and the environment •It provides a framework for learning about what works over time
Costs of Climate Change, Brussels, European commission DG Environment. Available at http://ec. europa. eu/environment/climat/pdf/final report2. pdf Accessed on 11 december 2009
vi Kemfert, Claudia (2005.""Global Climate Protection: Immediate Action Will Avert High Costs.""DIW Weekly Report 1 (12): 135-141.
http://www. guardian co uk/environment/2008/jun 26/climatechange. scienceofclimatechange Accessed 11 december 2009 xxiunited Nations Environment Programme (2007) Silver lining to Cl imate Change-Green Jobs
Available at http://www. unep. org/Documents. Multilingual/Default. asp? Documentid=523&articleid=571 7&l=en.
such as work, social connections and relationships, the environment, and (economic and/or physical) insecurity cliv Hoegen, M. 2009) Statistics and the qual ity of life:
various physical and social environments. The primary method of the ethnographer is †participant observationâ€.
environments 15) Action research is designed a method to encourage reflective and collective problem formulation and problem solving.
environment in descriptive form, action research is geared normatively toward prescriptions emerging out of the data
In today†s media-intensive environment, one of the most valuable resources is attention. Without it, social change is painfully slow.
and reused and, in the process, environments can be revitalised, social needs can be met, and communities energised
environment. Another example is the regeneration of Westergasfabriek by Reuse in Amsterdam, or the transformation of a disused elevated
testing out to the users†actual environment for a †real-world†test. The service/product is introduced to a small number of people who are then
adaptation to changing markets and environments. Complex multidimensional needs are a key site for potential collaboration
222) Methods within the built environment. A Young Foundation study identified nearly 30 methods in use:
2006) †Mapping Value in the Built Urban Environment. †A Report to the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment.
London: CABE 11. This example is discussed in Seddon, J. 2003) Freedom from Command and Control
whole environments are reshaped to support healthier living Such top-down efforts succeed only to the extent that they mobilise the
of the 1930s Peckham experiment to create holistic environments for healthier living are a good example,
digital learning environments such as colleges in second life 255) Comprehensive pilots, such as the Bastoey Island prison in Norway
environment to equality, has depended on recognition of its principles in law New legislative and regulatory architectures can be the keys to unlocking
care, or environment and transport 274) The creation of new investment flows can do the same, particularly
shaping the environment of BEN PCT so that innovation becomes embedded and is hardwired into its systems and processes.
the Hub have created a very different kind of innovation environment places with all the tools and trimmings needed to grow
and the right environment. It is this unique approach that distinguishes the CSI model and which forms
the Finnish Ministry for the Environment whilst at the same time making important progress in the opening of international markets to Finnish
sectors, including the environment, education, and healthcare 460) Microcredit for microproduction. Grameen, BRAC and ASA in
role in fields including the environment and health, usually leading ahead of government and business,
over the past 40 years †notably in food, the environment, healthcare, and in transforming the social relations around gender,
harmful to humans or the environment? Are they resourced fairly? Can they be reused? 2) Technology
and implementation affects the business environment for all enterprises, but is of particular relevance in informing future policies for SMES
Although today†s regulatory environment seems to accommodate ebusiness satisfactorily at national level, problems may emerge
Economic failures are an intrinsic element in a fast-changing environment like the Internet. Small organisations are reluctant to invest in ICT rather than concentrating
some of the time) will find ways to adapt to the new digital business environment.
environment, which shows an evolutionary and self-organising behaviour, will be named digital business ecosystems Then Sector-specific ecosystems will pop up when a particular area of business starts to
In general terms both a local business environment and a digital business ecosystem could be described stressing the analogies with the natural ecosystems
In the biologic environment, genetic information, recorded in the DNA molecule, is the basis of all life.
In the economic environment, technological information, captured in books, blueprints, scientific journals, databases and the know-how of millions of
business as part of a wider ecosystem and environment. Our traditional notions of vertical and horizontal integration fail us in the new world of cooperating communities
a common support environment and a generic basic infrastructure, which includes basic services components generic integrated solutions and infrastructure components
support environment ï€'The instances of the sector-specific ecosystem applied to a specific node of
In the natural environment, the ecosystem needed for the proliferation of complex species (e g. the lion) needs the presence of other species (e g. the antelope) in
environment +se rv i ces f o r agrifood in 3 innovation nodes ecosystems Global natural
environment Global world business Network of digital ecosystems Network of local digital ecosystems for innovation
environment and is composed by ï€'the infrastructure: network architectural modules which include the services which
see a global ecosystem environment, which includes all the generic and sector-specific components/services which they are authorized to â€oediscover†based on needs and
development will be fostered by exploiting the integrated digital environment and by mobilising all local players including local authorities, innovation and research centres
It will constitute a global digital ecosystems environment able to continuously evolve aimed at fostering local economic growth through networked nodes
The basic infrastructure of the common ecosystem environment is composed by the infrastructure network and by architectural modules,
2005), for â€oepromoting a favourable environment for the creation of new jobs, to boost productivity, to modernise public services,
common European global strategy, keeping in consideration the global environment The success of the implementation depends at local level from the consensus and the
environment. The risk to this dependence is one of the obstacles, which delays the small organizations in embracing ICT technologies,
environments for innovation are created at the intersections of the spheres. This is where creative synergies emerge
seen as selection environments, and the institutional communications between them act as selection mechanisms, which may generate new innovation environments
and ensure thus the †regeneration†of the system (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 2000; Leydesdorff, 2000.
required for integration into dynamic work environments, access to both information and knowledge, uneven development of scientific and technological (including organisational
national, regional or local innovation environment. The creation of an Innovation Space can take place through various mechanisms,
o Building an integrated environment for university technology transfer and entrepreneurship activities. When a university establishes a liaison or technology
broader institutional environment such as a national or regional-wide network of transfer offices in order to identify market opportunities and partners.
between an environment with untapped resources and one that has put them to use to achieve
of the interacting Triple Helix spheres and of their environment. We see this process similar
are more dependent on the resources of their local environments. Therefore, creating the infrastructure for local knowledge creation and knowledge-based firm formation and growth
dynamic, self-organizing business environments (Johannson et al. 2005), etc ï Sectoral Innovation Systems (Breschi and Malerba, 1997;
can be accelerated by top-down or bottom-up initiatives that need a favourable environment 33 to reach fruition,
Environment & Planning C Government and Policy. In Press Etzkowitz, H.,Klofsten, M. 2005. The Innovating Region:
firms to adapt in their external environment and to remain competitive is closely The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
the institutional environment guiding and facilitating the actions and interactions of economic agents. Regarding the nature of innovation processes, the meso level
but are forced to seek for complementary information from their environment. The notion of absorptive capacity (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990;
amalgamates the innovative firm with its surrounding environment. In contrast with the transaction-cost theory (Williamson, 1985), the postulate underpinning the notion
The characteristics of the external environment of a firm affect, at least to some extent, the variety of potential external information sources screened
characteristics of the external environment can have an influence on the innovative behaviour of firms, they can never be more important than the firms†internal
screening of their external environment (and, of course, within their firms), or have the ideas for innovation emerged â€oeout of the blueâ€, as a result of luck.
SMES and Their Peripheral Innovation Environment: Reflections from a Finnish Case. European Planning Studies 20,547-582.
available sources of finance make the European operating environment for businesses comparatively less conducive for entrepreneurship.
the right policy and legislative environment, our sector will respond, supporting growth and creating jobs in the European economy
enterprise environment Labour and taxation policies are national, not EU competences. Some Member States have
environment for trading companies Sustainability is not only a necessity for responsible decision-makers but also an opportunity
Improvement of the financing environment for SMES could be achieved through the simplification of EU funding for SMES and a better borrowing environment for
equity funding, credit and loans. Eurocommerce encourages the European union to ï Stabilise the financial system with a balanced mix of financing instruments.
-ration as a consequence of the digitization of the work environment, and finally dealing with what may be considered the real challenge to digital business:
digital environment. Part II frames the managerial challenges so that they can complement the IT manager†s perspective,
rich and rigorous research environment where I am proud to work I acknowledge also some colleagues from other universities with whom I†ve had
building its own open environment. 2 1 In the following we use data when we refer to raw,
nature of Big data and the unpredictable dynamics of the digital environment producing them. Furthermore, they often require business process management
to the increasing volatility of business environment, by building strategy around business process optimization issues, organization may fail to exploit Big data
As a consequence, the competitive environment and the outer context both represent the main Big data sources,
own open environment. Often referred as an IT trend, the Chapter has clarified the main drivers and characteristics of Big data, both at technical and managerial
Windows Azure provides Windows based environment to enable users to run applications and store data in data centers.
the new technology in the business environment The risks and impact of IT outsourcing also have to be considered.
cloud environment •communication channel between the customer and the CSP •storage areas that are specified for customers†data
interaction between the people and technology in the work environment, and that affect its intention behind this transformation.
Considering the Community Cloud model, the cloud computing environment is not dedicated to a single organization.
cloud-based IT environments for Korean central governmental agencies (K-Cloud Centres) in order to improve service delivery in the public sector
This situation triggered the move to the cloud environment, in which the Korean government can obtain a number of benefits.
Third, it provides an environment that can respond to user requests promptly via an automatic provisioning process based on on-demand
environment. This situation is even more imperative when the transition is happening in the governmental sector that deals with very sensitive
to cloud computing environments. In: 2011 5th international conference on network and system security, pp 280†284
Lee H-O, Kim M (2013) Implementing cloud computing in the current IT environments of Korean government agencies.
•These environments have restricted a access, typically managed by the IT organization, dedicated to the employees of a company and
10 Mobile devices designed to survive demanding environments, harsh conditions, rough handling, providing ergonomics that reduce operator effort.
-ante marketing intelligence activity let the firms monitor external environment identify potential threats, evaluate the impact
and their social environments 35 According to this perspective, social sensing is an intelligence activity acting on
-gate environments, allowing to monitor and control the whole entrepre -neurial market, keeping record of all the competitive activities related to new
can assume in the current competitive environment, when the traditional value chain is opening thanks to social media and collective intelligence practices 5, 6
companies bring their own laptops to the work environment to use them to do their jobs.
market then to enter business environments. Historically, businesses organizations determined and controlled the kind and type of information technology used within
A major driver of mobile device usage in the work environments has been the emergence of cloud computing. As mentioned before, both personal and business
not suitable to be used at the work environment; hence, it is difficult to apply the same security standards and policies on those personal devices.
their own devices in order for them to be more productive at work environment such as downloading, using a personal cloud storage service,
suitable any more in nowadays work environments because of today†s complex computing landscape and the countless number of employees using consumerized
enterprise environment and uses it to obtain immediate access to corporate email and calendar, communication facilities,
separates the desktop environment and associated application software from the physical client device that is used to access it
rich consumerization of IT environments to improve workplace satisfaction 16 5. 7 Considerations Related to IT Consumerization
environments, because many devices are not secure enough. Also, legal consid -erations with regard to licensing, security,
VDI Roaming environment Roaming environment Data synchronization Data synchronization VDI VDI Adapted from 16 5. 7 Considerations Related to IT Consumerization 105
Social media has a huge impact on not only the work environment, but also on the society in general,
work environment. They want to have instant access to the types of applications that would help them to be more communicative in their personal life.
finding their way into businesses†environments. Such circumstances can be par -ticularly applied to the case of young employees since this category of workers
example of the importance of social networking within work environments Yammer can enable companies to offer their employees functionalities that are
In this section we investigate some IT consumerization at work environments related case studies and we provide explanation about its role for the business
coming with them rather than blocking their usage at work environments The second case study discusses how Royal dutch shell started with the BYOD
threat environment. ENISA, Heraklion, pp 1†18 5. 10 Summary 109 8. Copeland R, Crespi N (2012) Analyzing consumerization†should enterprise business
environments. In business, the digital or IT collaboration is divided into electronic communication tools, electronic conferencing tools, and collaborative manage
digital collaboration, its importance for work environments and its types. Also it will explain the different digital collaboration tools
productivity at business environment. The objective of the continuous improve -ments of the collaboration technology is to allow people to share information as
at work environments and is categorized by Kay 3 into three categories. The first one is the electronic communication tools, in which, the purpose of these instru
cultural environments, which may also vary substantially. Another reason is about the different or even conflicting goals that the various stakeholders in global IS
and integrated within the IT environment of the business. Moreover, modern EMS support both synchronous conferences
work environment or workplace. Software products such as email, calendaring text chatting, wiki, and bookmarking belong to social software category.
-bers at the work environments, especially when they are located in different geographical places in the global organizations.
communications in the virtual community environment, developers need to make sure that the community members don†t have any problems with interacting with
In this section we investigate some digital collaboration at work environments related case studies, providing explanation about their role for the business
play the roles of collaboration applications at work environments or educational institutions. Moreover, it provided a description for the crowdsourcing concept as
that actually represent the digital market environment where businesses create maintain, and revise their own digital identity.
digital business environment. Furthermore, it has been pointed out how digital business identity in the outer context is built through
relates to its stakeholders and the environment) ††18, p. 1119. As a consequence
environment. To this end the Chapter has discussed the main challenges related to the inner context, providing also examples of frameworks for evaluating the costs
and apply frameworks to their work environment 1 Also, the increasing use of ICT in different facets of human life is leading to
management processes in corporate environments 2 Taking the above issues into account, digital governance can be considered as a
implement and apply IT governance frameworks to their work environment despite the prefigured potential benefits for the performance and profitability
-ernance in this environment. It was done using IT governance related areas such as strategic alignment, value delivery, risk management, resource management and
particular, to the exposure of business†s data and systems to external environment The risk of an enterprise not knowing the identity of its business partners is
their competitive environment as well as to put together a reliable set of gover -nance techniques that are shared simple,
complexity of a new competitive environment 5, 6. However, it is only in recent years, which were characterized by the economic changes created by the advent of
model to the new economic environment rather than in innovating a product or a single process 14
This is true for any organization in any economic environment, but it has become particularly relevant for companies that today have to operate in the new
fitting to the current economic and technological environment, because that is what allows an enterprise to transform a technological innovation in sustainable eco
In the current economic environment, which is defined by intense technological acceleration 31, as well as by increasing competitive pressures because of the
radically transformed its business environment, adding music distribution to its activities. This transformation has resulted in the construction of new ongoing
The evolution of the economic and technological environment has resulted in a substantial change in what was the traditional relationship between customer and
Companies operating in a competitive market environment must create value for their customers, specifically, this value must be perceived by customers
In an environment where users have at their disposal an extreme amount and variety of information that can be accessed anywhere and
remain competitive in the current economic and technological environment Another critical element is related to the fact that the fundamental characteristics
and from the inside to the outside environment must be enabled and supported by an open business model as a fundamental source of innovation advantage, aimed at
multi-screen, multi-device computing environments. The core technology plat -form, called g-speak, enables applications to run across multiple screens and
eventually shopping in a parent-controlled environment. Parents can completely customize their kids†platform experience according to their personal financial
The virtual environment is safe, secure and private and there can be no interference from external sources.
modern times is happening in the digital environment. After the first success with the mobile payments enabled Loyalty Card,
open environment. Taking this issue into account, we have investigated the stra -tegic drivers and drawbacks of Cloud computing, considered an innovative IT
begin first in the consumer market then to enter business environments. Likewise this phenomenon has important consequences also for workplace habits and
The guiding principle in the development of WIT€ s research environment has been the prioritisation of its research activities in critical areas (most notably ICT/mobile networks and services and pharmaceutical science)
for research and innovation excellence through the creation of an integrated environment where entrepreneurs, business start-ups,
This means that a much greater effort needs to be put into creating an environment that promotes research,
The incorporation of academic researchers, entrepreneurs, high potential start-ups and multinational industries in a shared network supports an open innovation environment with the free flow of ideas
The Framework Programme is a complex environment and competition for funding through its various themes and instruments is increasing,
if a nurturing culture and environment do not exist to generate commercial output and jobs from the education, scientific research, and publications
CEDRE provides a framework and environment for entrepreneurs, researchers, academics and policy makers/implementers to engage in a mutually complementary manner to support economic development in the Region
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