Our products and services really are supporting consumers, providing capabilities for em -ployers, information, data, much more like a financial
services type of scenario. Technology has always been important to our business, but it really is becoming
products and services in customer-friendly ways Survey respondents said their organizations also are seeing improvements in operations, in part in au
-ucts and services. General electric is pushing an Internet of things service strategy that will help it tell
expects it will sell services related to maintaining its products Of course, more efficient products may well reduce
upside for us in the services. We can grow on the services side, and they†re winning and we†re winning. â€
But business model transformation is also elusive A mere 7%of respondents said that their company†s
Enhance our existing products and services 08 Enhance our existing products and services Improve the
customer experience Launch new products and services Ensure cross-channel consistency Automate our operational processes
Enhance the productivity of our workers Improve internal communication Expand our reach to new customers
/services to digital products /services Customer experience Operational improvements Business model change 0 200 400 600
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Number of responses 1876 1255 1087 Our digital initiatives
5 Field of action IV-Broadband and digital services infrastructure...96 5. 1. 1 Introduction...
ï Field of action 4 †Broadband and Digital Services Infrastructure †ensures social inclusion and
and services that need to interact across borders 3. Pillar III †Trust & Security †increases the trust of web users in electronic services and online
transactions in order to boost consumption of ICT services 4. Pillar IV †Fast and ultra-fast Internet access †targets investments for broadband infrastructure
in order to take advantage of new technologies and services 5. Pillar V †Research and Innovation †stimulates adequate funding for increasing the competitive
edge of innovation and research 6. Pillar VI †Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusion †bridges the digital divide for all
consumers in order to benefit equally and fully from the advantages of ICT services 7. Pillar VII †ICT-Enabled benefits for EU Society-focuses on ICT€ s capability to reduce energy
consumption, support ageing citizens'lives, revolutionizes health services and deliver better public services Mapping the 4 action fields in Romania with the 7 pillars of Digital Agenda for Europe
Each one of these field of actions is supported by operational objectives which will have specific targets
services to external and internal clients for the benefit of both government and the clients that
services VI-Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusion services, online Public investment in ICT R&d
Energy use of lighting %1. 4. Efficient public administration and decrease of the costs of public
services VI-Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusion 2. ICT in Education Health, Culture and einclusion
services, online Public investment in ICT R&d Energy use of lighting 3. 2. Increasing the
services infrastructure Broadband has through the ICT implications on the economy and its growth an important
services, online 4. 2. Improving social inclusion through access to broadband ICT infrastructure IV-Fast and ultra-fast
services for customization /e-Participation Target: 10%by 2020 %of citizens/businesses using the online services
services for Life Events for complete electronic transactions Target: 25%by 2020 %of data registries
IT services (from an overall budget for each entity Target: 5%by 2020 Consolidate institutional support and
of components and services forming Ministry for Information Society (responsible Page 17 of 170 the core infrastructure
services (both those directed towards citizens and those used as internal use) of different public institutions on
of new services according to governmental needs and strategies All Ministries offering public services Target: at least 1 per
Services and Design responsible All Ministries offering public services Training for public servants on Open Data concepts The Department for Online
Services and Design responsible All Ministries offering public services Identification of the possibilities of attraction of the necessary funds and
Services and Design All Ministries offering public services Extend the data sets present on www. data. gov. ro
Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services Definition of data sets to be collected
Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services Big data #of applications developed using Big data
Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations Special campaigns and trainings Promoting open database as an
emergency services in integrated and inter-operable mode Ministry of Health responsible Ministry for Information
telemedicine services Target: At least 2 per county %of households benefiting from access to telemedicine services
Target: 40%by 2020 %of representatives trained in the field of Integrated Platform for all the
services with easy or e-accessibility and data confidentiality Creating more patient-centric coordinated and accountable care
services related to diagnosis Ministry of Health responsible Page 22 of 170 treatment, care, rehabilitation and
Cloud Services-providing lower total cost of ownership and flexibility for delivery Data portability and real time updates
Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations Special campaigns and trainings Promoting open database as an
and services from other countries members of the UE. Target: 10%by 2020 %individuals who use the
and services Target: 30%by 2020 #of competency centers developed on a regional level. Target:
products and services Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology #of SMES which have developed innovative
products and services Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Preparation of the strategy and of the
services Ministry for Information Society (responsible Ministry of Economy support Ministry of Public Finances support
Digital Services infrastructure Implementation of the Ronet project Ministry for Information Society (responsible #of active connections
-broadcasting services Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology %penetration of bundle offers per hundred
services to their final customers †which are always (even if indirectly) the citizens and businesses in
of all others services and special care should be taken so that no data loss or breach is incurred
All investments will take all the appropriate measures for ensuring security for services, data, and processes.
by each entity investing in public services. Entities should make the most out of the available information †start small and aim for
in the way Romania delivers its services, a competitive and equal chances environment should be in the
Consecutively, the right services can be identified and delivered through the use of technology 10.
Services infrastructures 1 2 3 4 Define the life events services Implement the governance structures for
ICT Promote and implement better standards Promote and implement transparency and openness Define the National Interoperability
services were estimated at a total level for the European union; Romania†s rate was estimated based on the average cost per inhabitant, the population of Romania and the country†s level of
and interactive services accessible over different channels, is the foundation of egovernment. In the last
aspects of the interaction between the Government and its users (e-services, e-democracy, e
services focused on the need of citizens Good practices in the field have proved in time that a solid implementation of egovernment must be
Government agencies and Local governments offering services for citizens and businesses, in an integrated, transparent and secure manner.
The Strategy for egovernment in Romania as outlined in this document is to focus on the services that
government services pertaining to the Life Events will bring a significant improvement in the way the
as refining those services will alleviate much of the burden from the way in which they interact with public bodies.
5%regarding the use of egovernment services by the citizens. The target that Romania has assumed to
ï In Romania, the%of citizens who have used egovernment services in 2013 has reached 5%,with
services, but with a coherent model in place for ensuring greater impact in the social-economic
ï Public entities need to increase the adoption of egovernment Services. Without proper adoption of public services in their computerized form, the impact of the Digital Agenda will be reduced
the services derived from â€oelife events†as these are the services which have the greatest impact in the interaction with
egovernment Romania will use the toolset offered by this methodology to asses and improve its
current offer of e-services following the steps ï Define â€oelife-events†activities in Romanian social and economic
the services and their interoperability degree Identify the socioeconomic needs regarding the further development of on-line public
services and prioritize accordingly their implementation using the customer-centric approach defined by this methodology
new egovernment services and to track progress of their suggestions. Also, all public bodies that provide services pertaining to
Life events will use this channel for improving their services Additionally, in order to leverage new technologies and to ease the burden of
paying for online services, ghiseul. ro will become a one stop shop for paying for public services, with multiple channels for
When new egovernment services are being developed, these will, where appropriate, be designed to support cross organizational
egovernment services Consolidate institutional support and oversight Strategic Implement the Technical †Economical Committee and the Digital Agenda Agency
egovernment services it is necessary either a single sign on mechanism allowing the users once authenticated, to use the services to
which they are entitled or a unique element of identification, known by all suppliers of egovernment services
This identification element may consist in an electronic identity stored on the electronic identity card as in the case of other states
egovernment services and then providing single access point to all services Services for citizens, businesses, public
officials and visitors of the portal can be organized and follow a series of"life events
"Design and implement customer-centric portals instead of service provider-centric Page 43 of 170 ones
Web Services o One Stop Portal Approach o Multi lingual site o Forms/Process /Descriptions
services, usually via the web sites/portals of the provider state entity; the current egovernment portal structures the access to
selected services https://www. ghiseul. ro/ghiseul/public All public bodies will adhere to this Line
of egovernment Services, by receiving feedback and ideas from citizens and businesses. All public bodies will adhere to
Trust and security in public services is national priority for the Romanian government and is the underlying
requirement for electronic infrastructure of data networks, electronic services and communications The occurrence of cyber incidents is determined mainly by human or procedural reasons.
information, of private and public resources and services in the cybernetic environment. These reactive and proactive measures can include policies, concepts, standards, security guides, risk management
society services. It will also continue to develop the partnership with ENISA on combating cyber incidents
and cost-effective procurement of information systems/services for all state agencies ï Eliminating the duplication of effort
shared services 2. 3. 2 European context On European level, intense activities are carried out for the standardization of concepts related with Cloud
patterns of Cloud and testing noncritical services Page 52 of 170 The adoption of Cloud technologies in the public sector is not very different from private one.
issues followed in the public sector are the reduction of costs and the increase of the quality of services
services 2. 3. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Strategic Lines of Development for Cloud computing in Romania
services are purchased, managed and used independently by the organizations of public institutions by using common elements of
services. Similarly, the pattern of infrastructure proposed allows the use by all public institutions of
services, the collaboration platforms the data connections, the security platforms (on the level of data
services used by such institutions as support services. Responsible Ministry for Information Society. All public bodies will adhere to this Line
of Action Application of the pattern of central virtual store of IT resources for the
range of components and services forming the core infrastructure Enabler Migration of the already existent
services (both those directed towards citizens and those used as internal use) of different public
the installation of new services according to governmental needs and strategies Operational The application of virtual store will
IT services which may be supplied by third parties †in outsourcing business model †must be identified first, and then planned
All services which are provided from the data centers in progress of being consolidated will be submitted to analysis to check which of them
The main benefits are reduction of costs, improvement of services, and much faster process of
deployment of the new services Page 55 of 170 ï A pattern which allows the reduction of costs durably for IT services in the public sector,
including hardware, software and operations ï Reduction of costs for the migration of services towards new platforms
ï Reduction of the number of applications and services (redundant) in the public sector ï Reduction of the time and cost for procurement of new services
ï Shifting IT investments to more efficient computing platforms ï Ability to use shared applications for common Government functions (ERP, HR, SCM, GIS etc
ï Promoting the use of Green IT by reducing the overall energy and real estate footprint of
ï Cost savings by providing common services, utilities, and facilities to multiple public institutions who had enacted previously these operations independently
infrastructures and services (Iaas, Paas, Saas) over large-scale, distributed, heterogeneous dynamic computing and storage environments
and even across different departments services like payroll applications, can be shared ï Improved services for citizens by reducing the time by
which a governmental service is rendered ï Reduction of carbon emissions by optimizing the use of the resources of data center
decommissioning of redundant services and purchase of"green"systems with regards to energy consumption ï Increase of security on the level of data center by implementation of up-to-date, standard and
isolate themselves and that they can provide better services when consulting with and involving the
services, creation of a website and internet banking, the last reason being claimed only by 8%of users
searching for information about goods and services Public institutions in Romania (Ministries, Municipalities) need to involve the citizen, as their primary
services. Social media and e-petitions are able to increase citizen involvement into the government decisions (acts.
ï Public data has significant potential for reuse in new products and services ï Addressing social challenges †having more data openly available will help us discover new and
services in electronic format (egovernment; increasing the citizen participation in the decision-making process The OGP National Action Plan reflects the priorities of the Romanian Government with regard to
Services and Design Open data supplied by public institutions should be concentrated within a unique platform on national
Services and Design 2. 6 BIG DATA 2. 6. 1 Introduction Preamble Page 65 of 170
products and services ï increase the productivity of all sectors of the economy through improved business intelligence
ï achieve cost reductions through more personalized services ï increase efficiency in the public sector ï get insights from data that can prevent
Currently, the European Technology Platform for Software and Services NESSI, together with partners from the FP7 project Big,
value added services Example of fields where Big data project have proven feasible -Health (statistical analysis of cases
programs and services, which Page 67 of 170 telemedicine, etc -Culture -ecommerce -Security Enabler produce and require massive
and linking together of services that would have been hard to imagine only a few years back.
strategic role in the delivery of better and efficient healthcare services. ICT in healthcare can increase
In the last years, the focus of e-health investments was on e-health services
ï Expansion and diversification of emergency medical services ï Implementing e-Health solutions that facilitate disease prevention methods
emergency services in integrated and inter-operable mode Operational Telemedicine represents the electronic transfer of medical data
services with easy or e-accessibility and data confidentiality Strategic Creating more patient-centric coordinated and accountable care
services related to diagnosis treatment, care, rehabilitation and health promotion Enabler •Restrictive view to citizen
welfare services •Population coverage by social health insurance system has decreased from 95.9%in 2010 to 85.3%in
Cloud Services-providing lower total cost of ownership and flexibility for delivery Strategic Data portability and real time
services Knowing the availability of medical centers will facilitate better allocation of patients, avoiding overcrowding of medical units
the library†s services Responsible: Ministry of Culture with support from Ministry for Information Society
to ICT services by providing physical and connectivity equipment, as well as to permit people with basic
which are still providing information and services to local authorities, schools, public libraries, citizens and small enterprises
Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations Special campaigns and trainings Operational Promoting opening the learning
These services contribute, among others, to the minimization of the time spent for the filling in
ecommerce (Electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet
3. Non-adequate payment and delivery services: purchasing an item over the internet should be a
e-sales of goods and services National Indicators pertaining to ecommerce According to the data provided by Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014 for Romania, only 8%of population aged
between 16-74 years has used the internet in 2012 for the acquisition of goods and services for personal use
or bought services online 4. 1. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Strategic Lines of Development for ecommerce in Romania
services (Operational Responsible: Ministry for Information Society An important barrier for the development of the e-commerce is
competencies of the man power, education and formation institutions, services for innovation support mechanisms for technology transfer, infrastructure for ICT innovation, mobility of the researchers, business
-sector, 24.8%by the Software and IT services sub-sector, and the rest of 28.0%is assigned to the Hardware
and services innovation will have as direct implication the increase of the number of available working places, both in the ITC sector as well as in other sectors of
services and for the enterprises facilities in the field of innovation and formation †they are an
5 FIELD OF ACTION IV-BROADBAND AND DIGITAL SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE 5. 1. 1 Introduction Preamble
for broadband services •Thirdly, the Commission adopts various measures within the Radio spectrum Policy in an
prevent the exploitation of economies of scale at services and equipment level and hinder the development of innovative services which could emerge on very high-speed networks running in a
seamless fashion across borders. While the deployment of access networks often involves provisions and procedures administered at local level,
services in Romania up to the level assumed under the Digital Agenda for Europe for 2020
related to the development of the access services assumed under the Digital Agenda for Europe •Delimiting:
with at least one Internet access services provider has reached 96, %while the total number of fixed broadband access lines reached 3. 54 million in January 2013.
Subscribers to rebroadcasting services 6. 03 M (2012 Penetration of bundle offers per hundred inhabitants 37.5%(2012
ANCOM †Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Broadband services penetration in Romania According to ANCOM€ s biannual reports, the demand for broadband Internet services recorded a genuine
boom starting from 2006 †with respect to both fixed and mobile technologies According to the Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014 for Romania, in 2013 there was a national spread of
broadband connections of 56%.%Romania also provides a broadband Internet coverage for 90%of total
•In 3. 666 localities (29.35%)no broadband communications services are provided •In 210 localities there are private operators intending to develop broadband networks in the
IT&C services, increasing at the same time productivity and competitiveness and thus driving GDP growth it is accepted worldwide that IT&C determined 40-50%productivity increase in the last 10 years, several
o for enterprises to provide new services, and o to access information relevant for the business in a more timely manner and less costly
ICT services Page 100 of 170 5. 1. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Broadband and digital services infrastructure approach in Romania
In the attainment of the proposed objectives, 4 action directions were identified •Encouraging access to the existing passive infrastructure
innovation of TIC products and services type e-commerce will have as direct implication the increase of
and services in Romania was of only 8%,increasing the value registered in 2012 of 5%.Overall,
Regarding the private sector, in 2013 9%of SMES sold goods and services online. Large enterprises had in
2013 a percentage of 13%in selling goods and services online, compared with 10%in 2012
Broadband connections and infrastructure of digital services in Romania During the period 30.06.2010 †30.06.2012 Romania registered a constant increase of the overall number of
ANCOM †Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Digital Inclusion and Access In 2013,45%of the population was using the Internet regularly (at least once a week), significantly below
In 2013,5%of citizens in Romania made use of the internet for egovernment services. Out of these, 2%of
sophistication †transactional egovernment services for interaction with public authorities (which is below the EU27 average of 87%)and almost 20%are submitting offers through SEAP
Use of e-governing services by citizens(%)11%49%31 %-Time necessary to incorporate a new company (days) 3. 00 7. 00
services depending on their level of sophistication The lack of certain functionalities implemented within the online system of public acquisitions
Diversification of the services provided in the library einclusion Increase of the citizen†s informing level with respect to
products and services, which otherwise would not have been accessible Access to products and services which are not
available at national level The security of information, low confidence of a certain part of the citizens
achieve flexibility and facilitation of the product acquisition and delivery services by means of the
providing cloud services to the rest of the European markets Page 137 of 170 APPENDIX 4 †LIFE EVENTS FRAMEWORK
o Creating the necessary legal framework with clear ownership for services, data and initiatives o Creating the as-is map with public systems available or in the implementation phase
and increasing the ability to provide services that are cross-organization by using standard data
both Services of General Interest and Services of General Economic Interest. That is why, entities pursuing
to implement services adhering to the Digital Agenda for Romania should take into account the following criteria, on which quality public services should be defined and managed
services with respect to these-because in the end quality represents achieving maximum customer satisfaction ï C2-be integrated †Partnerships between entities should be implemented
will in turn increase the confidence in public services, make them easier to user and also increase
ï C3-Be easy to use †Simple and responsive services which the public can understand. Users
a public service should be able to quickly identify what kind of services are available, what are
ï C5-Be safe †The services should protect all the information provided by the Public security
and work to eliminate barriers to access to services for people experiencing poverty and social exclusion,
as well as those facing geographic barriers to services ï C7-Be cost-effective †Services should be operated efficiently,
adequately staffed and highly productive for both the internal and external users. A public service should be able to
In principle, broadband services can be provided by means of a network infrastructure platform based on wired, wireless, satellite and mobile technologies,
In the rural area, with a low density of the population, where there are limited broadband services imposing all the types of access products might disproportionately increase the investment costs, without
%of staff costs related to IT services from an overall budget for each entity direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect
services direct direct direct direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect direct direct %of households benefiting from
access to telemedicine services direct indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect indirect indirect
to order goods and services from other countries members of the UE direct direct indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect
to order goods and services direct indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect
services direct direct direct direct indirect direct direct direct direct indirect indirect #of SMES which have developed
innovative products and services direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect
services indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect %penetration of bundle offers per
when procuring services. Particularly for DSI this could include valuing the network effect and digital engagement of users provided by procured
services 3. Increase the potential value of DSI (for instance, making available dis -tributed architectures, common frameworks, open standards and through
which services are designed explicitly to tackle societal challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has iden
political and economic control over their lives, the existing commercial services built on top of this lower technical layer continues for the most part to empower existing
and possibly game-changing innovative services aimed at tackling large-scale societal challenges Online innovation developed specifically to effect major positive social change remains
arguably, in its infancy, with relatively few services reaching global scale. There are a few impressive success stories in obtaining a global reach, in particular campaigning sites
services that exist to help communities collaborate on problems that may not fit in tra -ditional institutional or commercial models are still underexplored and badly supported
and new services that generate social value, but much of this potential has not yet being
The goal is to enable more of these smaller innovative services to sprout and flourish and effectively help to solve global scale societal problems
underpinning DSI services. These combine novel technology trends such as open data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge;
these digital services can take advantage of the network effect of the Internet i e. that the benefit of a network and its
-forward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook and sites that require large user-bases like
easily to some other services such as e -democracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies. For each kind of social
Yet on the level of services, the emerg -ing cloud model of some services (propri
-etary social networks, big data providers implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us
mobile market and cloud-based services platforms Apple has started a market that was en -tirely new;
-ing actual innovative services. Thus, there is a danger that once users are locked †in†to various monopolies, the level of in
-novation in these services will decrease Furthermore, most users have accepted giving away their personal data in
exchange for â€oefree†services. Yet this bargain not only undermines privacy and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity and
alongside commercial services in the Cloud. In the long-term, if only a few non-European commercial bodies control
all data-driven services, this threatens the ability of the European innovation system to compete
Commercial services Entertainment (eg. IPTV DRM-heavy apolitical INDIVIDUALISM BUSINESS COMPETITION CENTRALLY CONTROLLED Open and distributed digital ecosystems
on demand and create new services. Competition based on open standards, protocols and formats are essential to deploy interoperability between data
devices, services and networks. This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial
platforms to change how people share resources and exchange goods and services which range from household equipment to hotel rooms, cars to catering.
to secured financial exchange services. This African success story has completely revo -lutionised the regional business terrain, at the same time empowering local people by
Other interesting initiatives such as Goteo are building services around the idea of the Commons, to enable communities to
collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge and open code.
potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services NEW WAYS OF MAKING An ecosystem of makers is
test their products and services in a real environment. These pilot products and services have to respond to an unmet municipal need,
thus improving public service design and delivery. One project was the adaptation of all traffic lights in the city for the blind
have developed services such asâ Fixmystreet, allowing citizens to report city problems andâ CKAN, the biggest repository of open data in Europe,
of products and services, fostering behavioral change. Platforms for collaboration are used to solve environmental issues and promote
services; personal networks likeâ Tyze are generating new care communities that are being integrating with traditional social care provision;
likeâ Peerbyâ Â are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups
order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioural change9 -for instance, platforms for collaboration to solve environmental issues and incentivise
services, bring digital technology to cities, or change the way citizens interact with city government
with DSI services Delivering services Providing funding for experiments/R&d particular the case for large Telco organisa
-tions Analysing trends and movements Providing new fundamental technologies and methodologies Stimulate multi-disciplinary research and innovation
future services based on OSN include mobile applications that support citizens using public transport by displaying real time information on arrival and departure, or traffic
self-provisioned, experimental and commercial services and applications. A common entry point allows researchers to select a set of resources,
network services, open Wifi bottom-up-broadband, distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures OPEN NETWORKS 40 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
and experiment with services and protocols. This is done on real-world IP community net -works that incorporate a wide variety of wired and wireless links,
-vited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data which to date have resulted in more than 60 applications for citizens.
and to new services So-called Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), which are becoming increasingly important in this context.
-people who run services and who know what the problems/challenges/oppor -tunities are. Make sure they represent a
and services to be open sourced. This means introduc -ing elements of open innovation into the procurement process, involving purchasing
and services by the EU are achieving their goals and if providers are able to deliver their outcomes
-tween data, devices, services and networks Standards will enable new business models for co-operation between multiple stake
so that devices and services produced and de -livered by different companies can communicate with one another.
services themselves, access to devices and modular applications that talk to one another Today mobile devices with always-on Internetâ connectivity are becoming widespread
and services built on freely acquired data, as long as they respect provisions in the license.
competition and guarantees that users may freely choose between services online. The European parliament adopted amend
-ployments and pan-European digital services that underwrite robust, equal, society-wide access to connectivity.
new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments
and services, citizen engagement and policy development, there are vast often highly connected communities of private, academic and civic labs which proivde space and
and could include DSI products and services generated, as well as new types of actors such as Fab Labs and makerspaces
-ing services. Particularly for DSI this could include valuing the network effect and digital engagement of users provided by
procured services CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS WHAT SHOULD POLICYMAKERS DO 1. Invest in digital technologies for the social good:
Interoperable, customised and modular services and applications based on open source, open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
certainly maximise the societal impact of innovation and it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet
service providers that develop services that are utilized over a network that is owned by traditional network operators
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