communication of high-speed data Mbps Mega bit per second (one million bits per second MDF Main distribution frame
4g Fourth-generation mobile communication standard 11 1 INTRODUCTION Key Findings â The goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE),
//ec. europa. eu/information society/digital-agenda/documents/digital-agenda-communication-en. pdf K ey F
communications purposes? What is expected the time frame in which remaining cable can be expected to be upgraded to Eurodocsis 3. 0
at the 33rd Research Conference on Communication, Information, and Internet Policy (TPRC), Arlington, Virginia September 23-25;
7. 18 in the OECD Communications Outlook 2011, multiplied by the estimated subscribers by access type.
Final report to the Broadband. gov Task force, Federal Communications Commission; 3 february 2010 1. 2 1. 0
â€oethe Mobile Communications Role in Next Generation Networks: The Case of Spainâ€, 22nd European Regional ITS Conference, Budapest
â€oethe Mobile Communications Role in Next Generation Networks: The Case of Spainâ€, op cit 46 See IDATE (2011), Broadband Coverage in Europe, Final Report, 2011 Survey Data as of 31 december 2010,2011
broadband communications •Upgrade to a Eurodocsis 3. 0 enabled network •Upgrade of the Eurodocsis 3. 0 enabled network by progressively driving fibre
communications Considerable work is needed to enable a traditional cable network to deliver broadband connectivity; however, this has long since been accomplished throughout Europe
paper presented at the 33rd Research Conference on Communication, Information, and Inter -net Policy (TPRC), Arlington, Virginia, September 23-25,2005, revised January 17, 2006
Final report to the Broadband. gov Task force, Federal Communications Commission, 3 february Radio spectrum Policy Group (2011:
and also in the latest EC Communication on'Opening up education'.'Accordingly, one of the five targets for measuring the success of the Europe 2020 strategy is the modernisation of
emphasised to the European commission's recent Communication on'Opening up education'and its supporting documents (European commission, 2013a
Setting evaluation, communication and feedback mechanisms (e g. platforms for collecting big and/or rich data and learning analytics) right from the start of different
promote communication between stakeholders from policy (e g. Ministries of Education industry (e g. IT providers) research (e g. research centres), educational practice (e g
horizontal communication with peers who are already successful in practising these technologies This requires the creation
Setting evaluation, communication and feedback mechanisms (e g. platforms for collecting big and/or rich data and learning analytics) right from the start of
partnerships) to promote communication between stakeholders from policy (e g Ministries of Education), industry (e g. IT providers) research (e g. research
Setting evaluation, communication and feedback mechanisms (e g. platforms for collecting big and/or rich data and learning analytics) right from the start of
Encouraging collaboration and communication channels between supranational agencies (i e European commission, OECD, UNESCO etc. in order to co-develop indicators and benchmarks for
communication between stakeholders from policy e g. Ministries of Education), industry (e g. IT providers) research (e g. research centres), educational
Setting evaluation, communication and feedback mechanisms (e g. platforms for collecting big and/or rich data and learning
promote communication between stakeholders from policy (e g. Ministries of Education), industry (e g. IT providers research (e g. research centres), educational
Information and communication technologies (ICTS) have great potential to improve health in both developed and developing countries by enhancing access to health information and making health
technology where the communication is electronic but the origin and destination are paper The use of electronic systems is aggregated higher for (summary) data than individual patient data.
communication. In addition, most countries have taken steps to establish legal frameworks for the protection of patient data
As part of its ongoing objective to the improvement of health through information and communication technology (ICT), the Global Observatory for ehealth (GOE) of the World health organization (WHO
Communication standards for interaction with internal and external partners are established facilitating a shared understanding across technical and semantic issues
design a communication strategy with the ICT project to ensure that everyone understands what is being
satisfaction with services, improved communication, quality of care, access to data, reduced medical errors, and more efficient use of staff time.
communication with providers (20 Pa tie nt in fo rm at io n sy st
communication. Distributed health data networks have been proposed to improve the ability to collect and analyse data across institutions leading to improved effectiveness, safety,
There are now compelling arguments for the adoption of information and communication technology in health care due to its potential for improving the efficiency of health care delivery and quality of care
patient information systems and communication of data. Figure 2 shows that high-income countries report â€oemedium†to â€oevery high†use of electronic information systems in over 50%in these categories
countries report â€oemedium†adoption of electronic patient information systems and communication of health data and none report higher levels of adoption
the communication is electronic but the original is in paper format. It could also be the case that data are
electronic information formats and communication. Often there is some significant distance between the regional or district office and local care facilities,
communications  Industrialized countries have a small but significant use of electronic formats and electronic
communication 0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100 %Very high High Medium Low None No answer
communication that is often in evidence between the professionals who develop digital information systems and those who develop the standards,
Open Systems Interconnection OSI Communication Reference Model, developed by the International Organization for Standardization ISO.
range of interoperability issues for patient information and device communication as well as privacy and security issues related to patient data
For clear communication it is vitally important to have given each health term precisely defined so that it will not lead to confusion
communication of health information. Standards are crucial to ensuring that both the sender and receiver of data have the same definition and understanding of them.
Information and communication technology (ICT Includes the computers, software, data-capture devices, wireless communication devices, and local
and administration of data whereby the communication and use of those data are improved 65 Purpose
and multilingual communications elearning Analyse the extent of use and effectiveness of elearning for the
communication document, the Commission has targeted twelve priority instru -ments for the Single Market Access to Finance for SMES
-sion encourages a change in culture, shortened procedures and more transparency and communication towards SMES
The Information Communication Technologies Policy Support Programme provides EU funding to support the realisation of the Digital Agenda for Europe.
-nels of communication between the Commission and small businesses, as well as with MSE representative organisations. The SME Envoy is there to promote your
public communication, press releases and workshops, as well as fostering the interaction with policy -makers and SMES intermediaries
their communication strategy towards small businesses in order to maximise your knowledge of what is out there and available
and further improve communication mechanisms between public support agencies, academia, industry entrepreneurs and civil society on key information
and further improve communication mechanisms between public support agencies academia, industry, entrepreneurs and civil society on key information pertaining to the
interaction and communications between the relevant parties •To encourage and support multinational companies in the Region to develop their own Open
Better Communications †Good communication and a high level of awareness of the available supports is a key component of the promotion of business development and innovation in a region
Commerce have a particular role to play in facilitating communication between enterprises and other stakeholders in the region and in assisting to devise strategies to achieve the desired outcomes
•Priority Area A-Future Networks & Communications •Priority Area B-Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy
communication technology (ICT) developments and tracks the cost and affordability of ICT services, in accordance with internationally agreed methodologies.
information and communication technology ICT) infrastructure and in ICT uptake by citizens and public and private organizations.
has access to mobile communication services Closer examination and disaggregation of the data reveal, however, that digital divides still exist
access to communication networks First, there are populations living in rural areas that are covered not by a mobile-cellular signal
communications and to identify other potential barriers, such as those related to poverty, literacy education or lack of electricity, as well as cultural
and communication Research has shown that the potential of libraries and post offices to provide public Internet access
communication technologies for development and considers that it should be reflected as appropriate in the post-2015 development
society and high-speed communication networks become an indispensable infrastructure, the tracking and measurement of ICT developments become even more relevant
•To formulate an adequate communication strategy for data providers and users on the issue of use of big data for official statistics
communication and advocacy of the use of big data for policy applications; and build public trust
•In view of the ubiquitous availability of communication networks, the use of new information technologies (e g
/3 http://www. censusindia. gov. in/2011census/hlo/Data sheet/India/Communication. pdf 4 4g refers to fourth-generation mobile network or service.
and communication technology (ICT) across countries. The IDI was developed by ITU in 2008 and first presented in the 2009 edition of
next-generation communication infrastructures of the coming decadeâ€. A total of EUR 3 billion have been pledged over the next seven years
Postes et des Communications Electroniques 2011), placing the country among the most dynamic on the use sub-index.
communication, the impacts of which are more difficult to measure Since the Millennium Declaration was issued in 2000, ICTS have grown unprecedentedly, a
World bank (2009), Information and Communication for Development: Extending Reach and Increasing Impact, http://go. worldbank. org/NATLOH7HV0.
46 http://www. multidisciplinaryjournals. com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/THE-ROLE-OF-INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION -TECHNOLOGY-ICT.
47 UNCTAD (2011), Measuring the Impacts of Information and Communication Technology for Development http://unctad. org/en/docs/dtlstict2011d1 en. pdf
Mode of communication 2001-2011. Available at http://censusindia. gov. in/2011census/hlo/Data sheet/India/Communication. pdf
6 Prices for each service are calculated on the basis of a low-user basket that defines the number of calls, minutes and SMS
11 The Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) issued mobile virtual network operator licences to three operators in April
communication technologies (ICT) sector is evolving rapidly, as are the types of service and application that are driving the information
the United states Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has released mobile apps that enable consumers to check their
data, namely subscriber communication data and airtime credit purchase records, to assess socioeconomic and income levels.
specifically communication patterns, but also airtime credit purchase records) from Orange to estimate the relative income
By examining social communication patterns based on telecommunication data it has become possible to obtain insights
communications (the eprivacy Directive), which focuses more specifically on the processing of personal data in the
Arpce (2011), Agence de Rà gulation des Postes et des Communications Electroniques: Rapport d†activitã 2011
Information, Communication & Society, 15 (5), 662†679. doi: 10 1080/1369118x.2012.678878 Broadband Commission (2013a), The State of Broadband 2013:
CCK (2010), Communications Commission of Kenya: Interconnection Determination No. 2 of 2010, August 2010. Available at
CCK (2013), Communications Commission of Kenya: Quarterly sector statistics report, second quarter of the financial year
European commission (2013), E-Communications Household Survey, in Special Eurobarometer 396, November 2013 Available at http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/news/special-eurobarometer-396-e-communications-household-survey
European commission (2014), E-Communications and Telecom Single Market Household Survey. Special Eurobarometer 414 March 2014.
Available at: http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/archives/ebs/ebs 414 en. pdf European commission (2014a), Broadband access in the EU:
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development -ICTD †12 (p. 76.
Mao, H.,Shuai, X.,Ahn, Y.-Y. and Bollen, J. 2013), Mobile Communications Reveal the Regional Economy in Cote d†Ivoire.
Ofcom (2013), Ofcom Communications Market Report 2013, August 2013. Available at http://stakeholders. ofcom. org. uk/binaries/research/cmr/cmr13/2013 uk cmr. pdf
Partnership UNSC (2011), Report of the Partnership on Measuring Information Communication Technology for Development December 2011.
communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked
of communication services, including the World wide web, and carries e-mail, news entertainment and data files, irrespective of the
-powerline (BPL) communications. Subscriptions with access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks are
1) Numbers are down due to data cleanse. 2) ACMA Communications Report 2011-12.2) incl. payphone, excl.
communication in the last month. 6 december 2012.7) Total number of subscriptions (including non-active: 2 082 589.8
offer voice communications, but excl. mobile data subscriptions (via data cards, USB modems and M2m cards).
internal communications are improved sharply, espe -cially through using social media. For example, Jon Bidwell, chief innovation officer at Chubb, a large
communication Expand our reach to new customers and markets Launch new businesses Develop new business models
related to communication by social media Target: at least 2 per county by 2020 Re-evaluation of the administrative
framework for the communication process within the public institutions Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering
for the communication process †PR Communication Departments within the public institutions Ministry for Information
Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services Define the communication plan tailored for each public institution
Ministry for Information Society (responsible All Ministries offering public services Design the conversation for 1 to
Facilitate communication between groups targeted for social inclusion Develop uniform digital literacy and Internet usage at the regional level
Facilitate communication between groups targeted for social inclusion Develop uniform digital literacy and Internet usage at the regional level
Improvement of communication and collaboration between CERT-RO, the institution which is responsible with the cybernetic security in Romania
communication Promote competitiveness clusters Increase involvement in R&d projects Improve regulatory framework Implement monitoring mechanisms
requirement for electronic infrastructure of data networks, electronic services and communications The occurrence of cyber incidents is determined mainly by human or procedural reasons.
communications infrastructure by stimulating and supporting the development of national and multinational capabilities in this area.
cyber security incidents either in an automated manner or secured through direct communication as appropriate. It will also identify,
In the communication submitted by the European commission"Unleashing the Potential of Cloud computing in Europe",one provides the first definitions and European strategies in this field.
We have seen how the social media environment has evolved over the past years, from a communication channel between citizens to a business marketing tool
Social media are defined as specific Web 2. 0 communication tools which enables people to interact generate and share content using the online environment.
Romania needs to pursue a revaluing of the current communication process of public entities in Romania
institutions have developed a one way type of communication, reporting information, but not giving the possibility of real time comments and feedback
Modernization of Communication Structures, Communication Channel & Indicators Define key principles and business framework for the communication
process within the public institutions Strategic Establish key coordinators and teams for the communication process †PR
Communication Departments within the public institutions Strategic Define the communication plan tailored for each public institution
Enabler Design the conversation for 1 to many, rather than use repeatedly 1 to 1,
which is cheaper and quicker †one of the most useful opportunities of social media Operational
Structure ï Single web portal with access to all public institutions websites and public services ï Public institutions websites with
Communication ï Smart use of social media channels: define the user profile, engage and empower him in conversations
ï Use of reverse communication mechanisms: proactive notifications and keeping the citizen in the loop
social media communication Support for Open Government Partnership initiative, as social media is in alignment with the three
absence of financial resources for advertising and communication, have higher risks of becoming insolvent o Enabling the SME€ s to:
can enhance communication, creation and information management through all its components computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies and telephony.
communication. In the last years, the focus of e-health investments was on e-health services
in the 2020 Growth Strategy and i2020 that support better access to information and communications
employment, education, health, information and communications, mobility, security, justice and culture designed to combat social exclusion based on criteria such as poverty, geographical location, disability and
Communication Technology (ICT) and improvement of digital skillsâ€. This project aimed to provide access to ICT services by providing physical and connectivity equipment,
Facilitate communication between einclusion can be achieved in two ways: providing access to ICT equipment and networks and
The current communication of the European commission identifies five main obstacles in the way of creating a unique digital market,
5. Insufficient implementation of the high speed communication networks and of the advanced technological solutions
ï NFC †communication technology with short range (0-7 cm) which provides the opportunity
Improvement of communication and collaboration between CERT -RO, the institution which is responsible with the cybernetic
ï Information and communication technology ï Energy and Environment ï Technological and engineering sciences (especially the automotive industry
•In 3. 666 localities (29.35%)no broadband communications services are provided •In 210 localities there are private operators intending to develop broadband networks in the
The broadband communications are enabling, and thus facilitating, the development of a wide array of
communications will contribute to the implementation of the new learning methods increasing thus the teaching quality and accessibility
broadband communications contribute to the e-business development, having as a result cutting costs and increase of companies†competitiveness
By ensuring equitable provision of coverage and access to broadband communications across Romania the measure helps achieving greater cohesion
Communication Technology technicians/engineers, economists accountants, etc. shall be appointed by MCIS-PIU to audit the
Communication Technology), with national integrators and the presence of the main global ICT companies on
The lack of a coordinated and coherent communication process for the promotion of the governmental
ï Use of the social media for communication improvement both within governmental institutions as well as for support of activities developed by the private sector†s representatives
utilisation of common standards for the performance of the pan-European communication of these systems
Registration with a library 1. Communication of personal data 2. Filling in a library sheet, based on
4. Communication of the decision High Jun 2103 ï 700,736 people with disabilities that means
related to the introduction of broadband communications, the government will encourage bidders to use the available existing infrastructure,
component of any State measure to support broadband communications. Especially, wholesale access allows third party operators to compete with the selected bidder
National Supervising Authority for Communications Ministry of Interior Ministry of Labour Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education
Communications Private Entities Romanian Association of Consultants on Accessing European Funds Romanian Association for the Software and Electronics
communication by social media direct indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect Page 167 of 170
By allowing new forms of communication collective memory and algorithmically mediated attention, the Internet forms
Chaos Communication Camp, an international meeting of hackers that takes place every four years, organised by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC) 11, an informal associa
rights and communication. Supporting the principles of the hacker ethic, the club also fights for free access to computers and
open and rapid communication between teachers and students. For instance, The Open University, based in the United kingdom,
standard communications. The open sensor network connects the sensor with the data repository where the information is processed
TOR also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features and provides
change, sustainable energy and communication technology itself A very interesting project, which is funded not by the European union but shows how
seen in the private sector and making use of strong communications and engagement strategies. One example of this is the Seoul Innovation Bureau,
-create innovations (including Living Labs), Hackerspaces and hackathons (such as Chaos Communication Camp), and co-working spaces are a few examples
Secondly, beyond general events, the DSI strategy requires a communication strat -egy. This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and
in four phases, together with a description of the project management and communication factors that helped to ensure its success
and communication technologies (ICTS) on pedagogical practice and student learning, namely:(a forming government policies;(
While there are many exemplars of prosaic uses of mobile devices for communication, few examples currently exist of how they might be used as cognitive tools (Jonassen & Reeves,
communication dynamics through the use of mobile devices (e g.,, Ito, 2005 In this paper, we describe a project that endeavours to investigate the use of mobile technologies from a
and communication with the team and project reference group was enhanced with the creation of a bimonthly bulletin.
communication from one site to another. When teachers had designed their learning tasks, they were able
Effective project management and communication mechanisms helped to ensure that the project stayed on track and met critical deadlines.
project manager throughout the project was effective and sensitive communication with, and between, the project researchers as they investigated their own cases within the context of the New Technologies, New
phase, the substantive value of the website grew, both as an important communication device and as a
Mobile communications: Re-negotiation of the social sphere (pp. 131-148. London Springer Jonassen, D. H. 2000.
D. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 693 -719). ) New york:
prescription pricing information and communication technology (ICT), and the impact of legacy ICT on the delivery of the NHS Prescriptions Service.
Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCS and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes.
OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy, Broadband driving growth: policy responses, 3 october 5
Information and communication technology (ICT) and e-business applications provide many benefits across a wide range of intra-and inter-firm business processes and transactions.
communications and quality of services for established and new customers Despite these advantages, rapid growth in businesses†purchases and sales over the Internet has
Communication via e-mail and the Internet can help to improve external communication, in either B2c or B2b contexts,
its applications can make communication within the firm faster and make the management of the firm†s
communication can reduce information asymmetries between buyers and suppliers and build closer relationships among trading partners (Moodley, 2002.
In the B2c context, the Internet and e-commerce can be effective tools for better communication
Box 1. ICT use for better internal communications and customer management In SMES, there is often insufficient sharing of business information between managers and
communications and have improved their reputation through swift responses to customers†complaints and an ability to capture clients†(hidden) needs (METI, 2001
users, especially when they used communication technologies, including company-wide and/or inter-company computer networks
for better external communications and as a means of obtaining business information. In Japan, the most
common use of the Internet is general information searches (Figure 2). Other uses include communication via e-mail, providing information about a company†s products, services and technologies via the corporate
communications, financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities. The surveys of Denmark, Italy Finland and Norway do not cover financial intermediation;
application used by these firms is automation of communications and none had conducted B2b or B2c
The availability of a wide range of Internet connections and other communication services preferably at competitive prices, is very important in that it allows small businesses to choose different and
communication networks is an important policy area for e-commerce readiness, especially in the emerging economies (Box 4). Most OECD countries have a similar number of fixed telecommunication access lines
significantly in recent years, following widespread liberalisation in the communications sector in Europe Figure 12.
other (self) efforts, such as insisting on contract fulfilment through available means of communication e g. phone, fax, letters) especially when dealing with a foreign counterpart
attempted to integrate different communication networks into a single Internet network. This should allow high quality, high speed and security measures to protect the transmission of confidential data and other
and communication services at competitive prices is particularly important, as this allows firms to choose
OECD (2003b), OECD Communications Outlook, Paris OECD (2004), â€oerecommendation of the Council on Broadband Developmentâ€, C (2003) 259/FINAL
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD. 13 2. 2. 1. 4 Electronic contracting (Articles 9-11 ECD...
1 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act, Twelve levers to boost growth and
2 Communication from the Commission, Europe 2020, A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, COM (2010) 2020 final, 03.03.2010;
3 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM (2010) 245 final/2
announced in the Communication"Towards a Single Market Act"7, the European Commission wants to explore the various reasons for the limited take off of retail e
in the Communication"Towards a Single Market Act.""9 The analysis presented below covers information society services,
7 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Towards a Single Market Act, For a highly competitive
and the Communication is partly based on the results of an open public consultation carried out between August and
communications, in particular from regulated professions;(5) the development of online press services;( (6) the interpretation of the provisions concerning the liability of intermediary
This document constitutes one of the two annexes to the Communication"A coherent framework to boost confidence in the Digital Single Market of e-commerce and other online
The second annex to the Communication identifies the latest trends in business-to-consumer e-commerce in the EU and examines the potential benefits for consumers if current obstacles
"20 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the †Communication from the Commission to
certain information requirements, commercial communications, electronic contracting and the liability regime for online intermediaries. The Directive does not apply to a number of areas
permissibility of unsolicited commercial communications by e-mail. The conditions under which Member States may derogate from the Internal Market clause must be regarded as
means of communication"."46 The judgment implies that service providers cannot limit themselves to offering an e-mail address accessible for their customers through the website
They must also provide for other forms of direct communication. 47 44 The information requirements do not prevent Member States from imposing additional information
2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD Article 6 of the ECD emphasises the need for transparency when advertisements are displayed
communications (including promotional offers, discounts, premiums, promotional competitions or games) meet certain transparency requirements. Both the commercial
communication and the natural or legal person responsible for it must be clearly identifiable and any conditions attached to the offers,
the sending of unsolicited commercial communications("spams")by e-mail. Those Member States permitting unsolicited commercial communication must ensure that such
communication is clearly and unambiguously identifiable, and that service providers respect the opt out registers to which natural persons not wishing to receive such commercial
communications can sign up In practice it is not always easy to define notions such as"unsolicited"and"commercial".
"For example, not every unsolicited e-mail may be classified as"spam"."The term"unsolicited"has posed particular problems in the context of"tell-a-friend"services.
Unsolicited commercial communication is covered also by other consumer rules such as the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. 50 One of the practices which Annex I of the UCP
ECD rule requirement for the commercial communications to be"clearly and unambiguously identifiable"remains applicable
professions may use commercial communications online, subject to compliance with such professional rules governing the independence, honour and dignity of the profession.
communications for such professions The Services Directive complements the rules on online commercial communications set out
in the ECD. According to Article 24 (1) of Directive 2006/12352, Member States shall remove
all total prohibitions on commercial communications by the regulated professions. The obligation to remove all"blanket"prohibitions also covers national legislation which only
prohibition of commercial communication, which is allowed not under Article 24 (1) of the Services Directive. 53
level related to the use of commercial communications. Certain professions such as accountants, lawyers, doctors, pharmacists and real estate agents established EU codes of
contracts concluded exclusively by e-mail or by equivalent individual communications 57 The acknowledgement of receipt and the revision mechanism do not apply to contracts concluded
exclusively by e-mail or by equivalent individual communications 58 ECC-Net, Online Cross-border Mystery Shopping:
communication sector. The latter adds to the rules on"spam"in the ECD and regulates confidentiality of communications (See Chapter 4. 1. 2. 2). The UCP Directive68 (2005
is also relevant for the application of Articles 6 and 7 E-commerce Directive (see Chapter 4. 2. 3
•In addition, the prohibition of any commercial communications for regulated professions according to Article 24 Services Directive69 has supplemented the
75 See the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament and the European
the US has been introduced in the Communications Decency Act118, would ensure that taking voluntary actions would in principle not be punished
125 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property
Communication announces a review of the Enforcement Directive that should in particular find ways to combat â€oeinfringements of IPR via the internet more effectively"by"tackling the infringements at their
that its introduction could lead to the blocking of lawful communications"(paragraph 52 The Court concludes that"Consequently,
145 See in particular the Commission Communication"A Digital Agenda for Europe",COM (2010) 245 of
-communication-en. pdf 146 See: http://www. thuiswinkel. org/engelstalig/-new/home/homepage-thuiswinkel 147 See:
Recent studies suggest that unsolicited commercial communication or spam accounts for more than 90%of global e-mail traffic. 159 Spam is popular
communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC), OJ L 105/54, 13.04.2006;
160 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on unsolicited commercial communications or"spam
"COM (2004) 28 final, p. 4, available at: http://eur -lex. europa. eu/Lexuriserv/Lexuriserv. do?
communications. Users must give their prior consent before communications for the purposes of direct marketing may be addressed to them.
This opt-in system applies to e-mail as well as text messages and other electronic messages received on any fixed or mobile terminal
whose behalf the communication is made. It requires the disclosure of a valid address to exercise the right to request that such
communications cease. Also, Article 13 (6) allows any legal person adversely affected by spam, such as internet service providers, to protect their business and their customers by
162 DG INFSO/B2 Communications Committee Working Document, COCOM10-34,20. 10.2010 available at: http://circa. europa. eu/Public/irc/infso/cocom1/library?
communication over an electronic communications network, "or secondly, if the processing is "strictly necessary in order for the provider of an information society service explicitly
171 See the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and
Furthermore, the Commission Communication on the benefits of telemedicine for patients healthcare systems and society, 178 aims at enabling the wider deployment of telemedicine
This Communication will be complemented by a Staff 175 Directive 2011/62/EU of the European parliament and of the Council of 8 june 2011 amending Directive
"accompanying the Communication on e-commerce, consumers are missing out from the full benefits of e-commerce, that is lower prices and a wider choice,
businesses reach clients through advertising or other forms of commercial communications Many small and emerging companies depend on online advertising to facilitate their market
when developing online commercial communications. In this context, Article 24 (1) of the Services Directive requires Member States to remove total bans in so far as such bans concern
All audiovisual commercial communications (TV and on-demand) must be readily recognizable not use subliminal techniques;
been raised to what extent the commercial communications rules of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive also apply to new services such as the online social networks
way to inspire trust and confidence among users of e-communications and online services The Code will build on the prototype of the eyou Guide, the online information tool for
The Commission Communication on the open Internet and net neutrality in Europe193 reports several instances of blocking of legal services (in particular of Voice-over-Internet-Protocol
The Communication furthermore recalls that the Commission reserves its right to assess under Articles 101 and
193 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions, The open internet and net neutrality in Europe, COM (2011) 222
On 24 may 2011 the Commission published a Communication with the aim of boosting the Single Market for Intellectual Property rights. 197 The new Intellectual Property Strategy
197 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property rights
On 12 december 2011, the Commission adopted the strategy in a Communication to the European parliament and to the Council.
The Communication is accompanied by a proposal for modifying the PSI Directive (the main element of the legal framework for reuse), notably
Communication on unfair B2b practices in the (retail) supply chain with the particular aim of
as outlined in the recent Communication on Internet network neutrality. In the first half of 2012, it will report on its analysis of the implementation of the
and open to all communication channels, including the Internet and mobile communications As a first step a public consultation on e-identification, e-authentication and e-signatures was
237 Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Action Plan on e-signatures and e-identification to
238 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act, Twelve levers to boost growth and
In its Communication"Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for Europe",246 the European commission identified the key hurdles
With the exponential growth and use of electronic means of communication, customers increasingly need to send
246 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for
284 The Gallup Organization for DG Communication, Flash Eurobarometer 300, Retailers†attitudes towards cross-border trade and consumer protection, March 2011, p 79, available at
online would allow savings in terms of time and ease of communication between the parties In 2009, more than half of complaints (55.9%)received by the ECC-Net (see below) were
2012 (Initiative 110 in the Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the
On 6 december 2011, the Commission adopted a Communication drawing conclusions from this consultation on the future of VAT and identify appropriate priority areas for action at EU
Respondents to the e-commerce communication have stressed the importance of strengthening these networks in order to contribute to the Digital Single
proceedings (for example, e-mediation) and to enhance the communication between judicial authorities. 308 306 Commission Staff Working Document, Accompanying document to the Green Paper on the future of VAT
307 Commission Communication on the future of VAT, Towards a simpler, more robust and efficient VAT
http://ec. europa. eu/taxation customs/resources/documents/taxation/vat/key documents/communications/co m 2011 851 en. pdf 308 See the Council†s Multi-Annual European e-Justice Action Plan 2009-2013,2009/C 75/01, 31.3.2009
309 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, the European Investment Bank, the European Economic and Social
Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM (2010) 245 of
-communication-en. pdf 317 See Recital 58, ECD 108 also arise in the context of notice-and-takedown procedures.
communications and other provisions of the E-commerce Directive •by requiring the full transposition of the E-commerce Directive in Association
2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD 2. 2. 1. 4 Electronic contracting (Articles 9-11 ECD
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011