business incubators and university-industry liaison facilities. 35 Venture capital: In Japan, R&d in nanotechnology is supported also largely by private
while the Innovation Park acts as an industrial incubator to stimulate business creation within the cluster and thus achieves a smooth transition to market
incubators and liaison activities), private funding and financial/tax incentives for start-ups and re) location to create greater cluster density and hence critical mass
incubators, and liaison Private funding strong point: 2/3 of funding from private sources Chapter 3 Nanotechnology
access to UK€ s most successful bio-incubator, which is located on the Babraham Research Campus
still are supported by number of incubators and Science Parks Chapter 5 Industrial Biotechnology EN 181error!
multinational companies, incubators, company creators, science parks, a range of professional advisers and services (including biotechnology associations), a culture that respects risks, and
Strong incubator: Babraham Research Campus ERBI: private cluster platform Strong knowledge infrastructure with large universities close by
There is also a network of business incubators or shared infrastructures located in Universities and/or Science Parks to facilitate start-up companies.
technology business incubators (Liu, 2007 Changsha is one of the key higher education and research bases in China.
promote entrepreneurship and new business development (through incubators), assist in technology transfer, and spin-off companies which are established in the university industrial
created by around 250 young talents), the Hunan Xinjinrong Technical Incubator and the Oak Garden Enterprise Business Incubation Service.
incubators). ) Secondly, it has enabled foreign direct investment at the time it has promoted closer and more effective industrial and technological links with neighbouring countries for
business incubators and shared infrastructures. In addition to this, both countries provide a large number of different tax incentives for start-ups, regional development and technology
incubators and shared infrastructure (e g labs Active regional development agencies Finance Financial support from European, national
with incubator firms, business angels, seed-and venture capital. Some clusters also provide business parks and incubator centres to support these activities.
An entrepreneurial spirit in the area is also important but will be difficult to encourage with government policy (e g
provide supportive infrastructures such as incubators and joint research facilities. Almost all EU countries have at least one cluster programme in place (Furre, 2008.
and availability of incubators and business parks European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 346error!
 incubators  and  other  informal  co- †working  spaces
 Centres/Parks/Incubators  Centres  of  academic  excellence  † usually
incubators (infrastructure for start-ups), technological parks (experimental facilities), technical transfer centers and the system of intellectual property
incubators Ministry of Education and Research and the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology aim to attract to industrial parks with intention to create such parks in every
They estimate that around 50 business incubators have been created, but there are no monitoring mechanisms and no efficiency criteria or targets
-ing, Maker and hacker spaces, Investing and Funding, Event, Incubators and Accelerators, Advisory or expert body, Education And Training. 3 Technology
investable propositions, including a focus on incubators with a specific focus on sup -porting digital social innovators
Incubators typically support innovators in exchange for equity, at pre-seed or seed stage There are nearly 100 incubators/accelerators in Europe
Large foundations and charities often play an active role in hosting and running mak -erspaces and incubators focusing on supporting DSI
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures, and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting
one of Europe†s first Fab Labs, are two examples of this in Europe. In the United states
A range of incubators, accelerators impact incvestment schemes have been set up by public and private funders to support digital
Although incubators and accelerators have been always around, their pres -ence in aiming to address social challenges has been limited rather to date
INCUBATORS AND ACCELERATORS MAKER AND HACKER SPACES ADVISORY OR EXPERT BODY INVESTMENT AND FUNDING 152
Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking Training Standards of evidence framework Impact assessment tools for aocial innovation
Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking Training Standards of evidence framework Impact assessment tools for aocial innovation
INCUBATORS & ACCELERATORS Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases
of the development of DSI. They represent a novel contribution to advancing social entrepreneurship around the world, helping young companies, and particularly high
A good example to foster a European networks of incubators is funded the European commission TRANSITION project It is coordinated by the European Business & Innovation Centre Network (EBN),
scaling-up of social innovations across Europe by developing a network of incubators, which brings together established
The incubator programme run by the UK€ s Open Data Institute and the DSI accelerator programme run by Bethnal Green Ventures have demonstrated potential in how models developed to support
Incubators Start-ups support innovation services business support and coaching Training and awareness -raising for innovation
Incubators with'hard'support Traditional'reactive'technology centres Seed and venture capital funds R&d subsidies or tax incentives
Incubators with'soft'support 'Proactive'technology centres Audits, monitoring of needs Innovation coach/innovation management training
and skills development issues, cooperation with local incubators and efficient cluster management, which, all together, will allow clusters fully exploit their
41 The Smart Guide to Innovation-Based Incubators, publishes in 2010, provides guidance on this
science parks, incubators, sectoral excellence centres, living labs, prototyping centres, intellectual property right (IPR) centres, technology transfer offices, etc
62 The Smart Guide to Innovation-Based Incubators (IBI. European union-Regional Policy February 2010 77
They can also host incubators for spin-offs in science and technology parks and provide valuable input to innovative clusters
the urban environment','Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities',etc
creative hubs and clusters, networks, incubators and connected infrastructures) and soft (human capital addressing skills and
exploit the development of incubators for social enterprises, and organise a conference on workplace innovation in cooperation
incubators. Making such support services available more widely will improve business†ability to use design as a driver for innovation.
innovation competencies of business-development organisations, incubators and other intermediaries in all EU Member States and Associated Countries
design-driven innovation among business development organisations, incubators and other intermediaries ï Development of support material for the intermediary organisations, including
accelerators and incubators. They will be selected on the basis of objective criteria. In order to attract experts of sufficiently high calibre,
sector partners on different projects †including 40 ICT business incubators around the world †in its work
actually, to the function of incubators (see also OÂ ster -reichisches Institut fuâ r Raumplanung, 1998.
The milieu is seen as an incubator for innovations and the creativity needed to renew and develop regions
1998). 13 business parks, 6 incubator and technology parks (the flagships are †Cap Al
For example, the Trust has an innovation centre with incubator units and runs business seminars (Lawton Smith et al. 1998
incubator in the implementation of the European Innovation Plan †both in terms of challenges addressed and in the way implementation has
among players in innovation financing (e g. venture capitalists, incubators), and amongst industrial liaison offices in public research organisations to strengthen public-private links.
incubators. Making such support services available more widely will improve business†ability to use design as a driver for innovation.
innovation competencies of business-development organisations, incubators and other intermediaries in all EU Member States and Associated Countries
design-driven innovation among business development organisations, incubators and other intermediaries ï Development of support material for the intermediary organisations, including
accelerators and incubators. They will be selected on the basis of objective criteria. In order to attract experts of sufficiently high calibre,
business angel networks and business incubators †and not to a lack of funds This has important policy implications.
as business incubators â Increase the managerial and technical expertise of intermediaries whose role is to evaluate
model to evaluate incubators, Bergek and Norrman (2008) discussed various approaches through which incubators choose their candidate-firms.
Klofsten (1992b) looked at the way in which technology-based enterprises progress in their development.
Incubator best practice: A framework. Technovation 28 20†28 Bhide, A. 2000. The origin of evolution of new businesses.
either require space in an incubator or in managed workspace depending on the technical complexity of the business and the cost of the specialist equipment and facilities
incubators and business networks. Another example is the †4d Cities†project64, aimed at promoting
incubators and real estate offers, with links between existing companies and start-ups but at regional level when dealing with financing (seed capital, venture capital, tax
hosting incubators for spin-offs in science and technology parks and; v) providing input to innovative clusters and
including incubators Engineering centre, Suppliers Village among other services The knowledge base stems from the School of Aeronautic Engineers and the rest of applied studies
Both generations of RIS were focused primarily on supporting start-ups (incubators, financial services, consulting and the establishment of a centre for technology transfer.
i) incubation programme-three business incubators with more than 7000 m2 office and laboratory space, micro-loan fund.
The first two generations of RIS were mainly about the development of incubators and services for
incubators, offering support for start-up companies through offices at favourable prices, know-how transfer, etc. Moreover there are venture capital funds managed by subsidiaries of the developments banks
Incubator (established in 2008) and the Maå opolska IT Park (the project will be finished in 2012
R&d centres, IP offices, incubators, chambers of commerce and industry, SME associations, inventors associations and venture capitalists is crucial to
incubators in many countries over the last decade provides evidence of conscious government and non
services within or through business incubators particularly, technology incubators. Facilitating access to legal, technical and financial support for
access to and use of the IP system by tenants of incubators may be important for assisting start-up
firms to adequately manage their innovations, by identifying, protecting, exploiting and enforcing their IP rights
high-tech incubators illustrated the extent to which incubators are including IP within the support services
to SMES. The results of the pilot survey indicate that most IP rights are considered either very important or
incubators. In addition, IP ownership, or having a licence to use the IP rights of others,
57%of responding incubators) an important or very important factor in selecting tenants for incubators
Sixty percent of responding incubators have personnel responsible for IP advice while a few that do not,
have links with external partners who offer support on IP matters. It is important to point out that very few of
the responding incubators provide any support in areas such as IP enforcement and the valuation of IP
but in which most incubators lack expertise (WIPO 2003b Promoting interaction between universities, public R&d centres and SMES in the field of innovation and
European Technology Incubators,(2003 b http://www. wipo. int/sme/en/documents/pdf/incubat or survey. pdf
the Hartnett Enterprise and Acceleration Centre (HEAC) †an on-campus incubator for innovation and growth driven business start-ups in the Midwest Region;
Incubator space is also important but must be complemented by business support services to ensure that use of the space is proactively
incubators, new financing sources and local creative potential. Good governing is also essential. The performance in the field of innovation varies widely inside the UE,
The development of the business incubators or of the clusters which have a stimulating role for the regional
-ing, Maker and hacker spaces, Investing and Funding, Event, Incubators and Accelerators, Advisory or expert body, Education And Training. 3 Technology
investable propositions, including a focus on incubators with a specific focus on sup -porting digital social innovators
Incubators typically support innovators in exchange for equity, at pre-seed or seed stage There are nearly 100 incubators/accelerators in Europe
Large foundations and charities often play an active role in hosting and running mak -erspaces and incubators focusing on supporting DSI
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures, and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting
one of Europe†s first Fab Labs, are two examples of this in Europe. In the United states
A range of incubators, accelerators impact incvestment schemes have been set up by public and private funders to support digital
Although incubators and accelerators have been always around, their pres -ence in aiming to address social challenges has been limited rather to date
INCUBATORS AND ACCELERATORS MAKER AND HACKER SPACES ADVISORY OR EXPERT BODY INVESTMENT AND FUNDING 152
Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking Training Standards of evidence framework Impact assessment tools for aocial innovation
Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking Training Standards of evidence framework Impact assessment tools for aocial innovation
INCUBATORS & ACCELERATORS Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases
of the development of DSI. They represent a novel contribution to advancing social entrepreneurship around the world, helping young companies, and particularly high
A good example to foster a European networks of incubators is funded the European commission TRANSITION project It is coordinated by the European Business & Innovation Centre Network (EBN),
scaling-up of social innovations across Europe by developing a network of incubators, which brings together established
The incubator programme run by the UK€ s Open Data Institute and the DSI accelerator programme run by Bethnal Green Ventures have demonstrated potential in how models developed to support
Incubator launched a first financial wearable con -cept car. The tool, Rationalizer was used to enhance
AMRO Dialogues Incubator. In 2010, Dialogues Incubator halted the further development of this accessory. Philips still uses this prototype for fur
-ther studies. For more information, check out: www mirrorofemotions. com Market Success Factors The new paradigm of Open Innovation 2. 0 will cer
/technology incubators; financial support insti -tutions for new technology-based firms (public and private venture capital firms, angel net
•Business Incubator Network •SW for idea management •Observatory •Expert entrepreneurs •Lead customers
KIC€ s incubator is hosted by †Creapolisâ€, the ESADE Business school innovation centre in Sant Cugat
incubators and their ecosystems, offering new opportunities and creating new, positive and mar -ketable opportunities for the new young innovators
•A European network of business incubators and their ecosystems qualified to host early-stage
-vate funded nonprofit business incubator net -work across Europe as well as virtual incubation and embedding in the innovation ecosystems
these incubators are a part of •provision of training, mentoring and experts support on necessary technologies, tools
website and websites of the incubators and their ecosystem actors, social media networks blogs, specialised discussion forums, technology
participating incubators and ecosystems as well as road shows and external events: conferences, ex -hibitions, hackathons, etc Open Incubation for Success
incubators, with technical training and support Figure 2: The Cross-Stage Communication and Dissemination of the Openeyif
The Incubator network†s dual missions will be •To facilitate and accelerate the development of
The network of business incubators across Europe will provide the grantees their choice of geographic
by the incubators will consist of several topics like Needs Filtering and Business plans, Brainstorm -ing and Prototyping, Business models and Finance
from business incubators as well as science and technology centres Incentives to innovate and grow a company may originate in individual and social aspects
-oriented SMES, Finnish Growth Company Service, Vigo) and Norway (Incubator Grant, Seed capital scheme, Nyvekst.
incubator that focuses on young enterprises with high growth potential. VIGO is meant to bridge the gap be
Business incubators The SMBA supports business incubators which are operated usually by universities and public research in
-stitutes. This programme is designed to promote the survival and growth of newly established venture com
Technological Incubators Programme("Hamamot":"Incubators have been a major tool in the Israeli pol -icy for support of R&d in SMES over the last two decades.
The Hamamot programme has been underway since 1991. The programme supplies entrepreneurs with physical premises, financial resources, professional
An incubator company receives a development grant of up to 500,000 US dollar for a period of two years.
decade, the Technological Incubators Programme has gone through a process of privatisation during which the ownership of the different incubators passed to private hands,
while the OCS is still maintaining an ad -ministrative and supervising role. Today, 21 incubators are active.
Over the 19 years of the programme†s ex -istence, 1, 209 companies"graduated"from the incubators,
and about 37%of them have survived and are still independently active. An evaluation of the programme in 2009 pointed out that the programme played a
ï Kaufman Dan, Gore oz,(2009) Preliminary Evaluation of the Israeli Technological Incubators Programme, Jeru
An Evaluation of the Israeli Technological Incubators Programme and its Pro -jects, The Samuel Neeman Institute of advanced Studies in Science and Technology
incubators Incentives (motivation Income Direct National regulation †no specific role for EU except opinion leadership
The High-tech Incubator in Xi†an set up a Gazelle Valley in May 2007 to support the
from business incubators as well as science and technology centres Incentives to innovate and grow a company may originate in individual and social aspects
-oriented SMES, Finnish Growth Company Service, Vigo) and Norway (Incubator Grant, Seed capital scheme, Nyvekst.
incubator that focuses on young enterprises with high growth potential. VIGO is meant to bridge the gap be
Business incubators The SMBA supports business incubators which are operated usually by universities and public research in
-stitutes. This programme is designed to promote the survival and growth of newly established venture com
Technological Incubators Programme("Hamamot":"Incubators have been a major tool in the Israeli pol -icy for support of R&d in SMES over the last two decades.
The Hamamot programme has been underway since 1991. The programme supplies entrepreneurs with physical premises, financial resources, professional
An incubator company receives a development grant of up to 500,000 US dollar for a period of two years.
decade, the Technological Incubators Programme has gone through a process of privatisation during which the ownership of the different incubators passed to private hands,
while the OCS is still maintaining an ad -ministrative and supervising role. Today, 21 incubators are active.
Over the 19 years of the programme†s ex -istence, 1, 209 companies"graduated"from the incubators,
and about 37%of them have survived and are still independently active. An evaluation of the programme in 2009 pointed out that the programme played a
ï Kaufman Dan, Gore oz,(2009) Preliminary Evaluation of the Israeli Technological Incubators Programme, Jeru
An Evaluation of the Israeli Technological Incubators Programme and its Pro -jects, The Samuel Neeman Institute of advanced Studies in Science and Technology
incubators Incentives (motivation Income Direct National regulation †no specific role for EU except opinion leadership
The High-tech Incubator in Xi†an set up a Gazelle Valley in May 2007 to support the
work in partnership to develop local business incubator units in Key Local Towns identified in the relevant
Additional incubator units might be required at other locations, having regard to local circumstances, and again a partnership approach towards the provision of such necessary facilities
Key Local Towns Local Business Incubator Units-Local authorities/CEB/Private Economic Infrastructures Enterprise Dynamic Leadership and
parks, incubators, research networks and educational exchanges in specific research areas. Closed innovation systems of laboratories, universities, research institutes
6. Business incubators: one-stop-shop for business 7. Tutoring: advice 8. Prizes: recognition 9. Technology parks:
Incubators Start-ups support innovation services business support and coaching Training and awareness -raising for innovation
Incubators with'hard'support Traditional'reactive'technology centres Seed and venture capital funds R&d subsidies or tax incentives
Incubators with'soft'support 'Proactive'technology centres Audits, monitoring of needs Innovation coach/innovation management training
incubators •Global talent attraction in targeted new sectors •Strategic intelligence exercises (regional foresight •Complement national investments in
•S&t parks, incubators •Entrepreneurship stimulation packages •Global talent attraction in targeted new
•S&t parks and incubators •Promoting national talent attraction schemes •Knowledge vouchers •Platforms to define development visions for
incubators) and S&t parks •Support for firms to hire qualified graduates •Support to regional actors in international
•Technology parks and incubators •Innovation vouchers in selected specialisations •Place-branding activities
issues, cooperation with local incubators and efficient cluster management, which, all together will allow clusters fully exploit their potential in the context of smart specialisation
41 The Smart Guide to Innovation-Based Incubators, publishes in 2010, provides guidance on this issue and is
incubators, sectoral excellence centres, living labs, prototyping centres, intellectual property right IPR) centres, technology transfer offices, etc. which often facilitate the commercialisation of
62 The Smart Guide to Innovation-Based Incubators (IBI. European union-Regional Policy, February 2010 76
They can also host incubators for spin-offs in science and technology parks and provide valuable input to innovative clusters and
''Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities',etc
and clusters, networks, incubators and connected infrastructures) and soft (human capital addressing skills and training issues) investment should equally be encouraged
innovation prize, exploit the development of incubators for social enterprises, and organise a conference on workplace innovation in cooperation with the Flemish government.
the range of services offered by incubators and business accelerators, and to introduce more effective
accelerators and adapt incubators to the needs of the ICT sector; helping firms connect with global
as part of incubator services, or be provided to entrepreneurs through specialized programs at the local level
The services offered by incubators and business accelerators should be expanded While there is agreement regarding the usefulness of incubators and business accelerators,
it was highlighted during discussions that in order to be useful these infrastructures also need to provide other
incubators and business accelerators Support to mentorship programs Support the connection between angel investors and potential
providing value added services to enterprises and acting as incubators for start-offs ï¿training Overall, these functions respond to the technological needs,
expansion of services offered by incubators and business accelerators; support for mentorship programs; support for the connection between angel investors and potential entrepreneurs
Network†is the main incubator centre of Aragon. It aims at supporting the creation of innovative companies
†More attention to be paid to incubators and support to new entrepreneurial actors RIS 3 Governance
business incubators), collaborative research opportunities, services for knowledge transfer e g. innovation brokers, labour mobility schemes, programmes for the commercialisation
â Create incubators for social enterprises and social innovation intermediaries to bring together the skills and expertise necessary to help sustain
science parks and business incubators, encouraging mobility of staff between universities and industry, and facilitating knowledge exploitation through licenses
confirm good performance, even in international comparisons with university incubators. The programme is administered by the agency FFG (Austrian Research Promotion Agency
At the regional level, initial support for incubators and business innovation centres and financial measures have in the past few years shifted towards a more strategic emphasis on fostering commercialisation
Ministry of Development launched programmes such as ELEFTHO (business incubators), TECHNOCELLS research-based technology parks and business incubators), Poles of Innovation (industry-university co
-operative research), PRAXE (research spin-offs) and the Zone of Innovation framework programme. As a whole, these programmes have provided incentives to both university and the private sector to work
developing technological incubators; helping the early stage and growth phase of innovative enterprises by venture capital funds and financial instruments, e g. the New Hungary Venture capital Programme
operates a series of business incubators that can house up to nine companies, usually chosen from the
Within an incubator, these companies are exposed to innovative business ideas and concepts In addition, the Icelandic Technological Institute runs a unit named the Service Centre for Entrepreneurs
universities, incubators, innovation intermediaries, banks, companies and other actors The Technopartner programme includes several action lines:
The demand side includes universities, incubators, development agencies and other regional partners, while the supply side comprises venture capital companies.
done partly by assisting Swedish incubators (SEK 50 million) and providing seed financing for innovative
promotes the creation of technology-based companies in KOSGEB incubators (called Technology Development Centres †TEKMERS †and Virtual Technology Incubators †DTIS.
Initiated in 1991, the programme provides a mixture of grants and a soft loan to entrepreneurs/SMES having new technological ideas and
incubators and technological parks; hiring of academic researchers by the private sector The Innovation Law supports all kind of activities involved in an innovative process.
provision of seed capital, support to business incubators and spin-off projects, technology promotion organisations and development of professional training centres.
high-technology development zones, university science parks, incubators and software parks across China. At the national level alone, by 2008 53 high-technology development zones, 62 university science
parks, about 200 business incubators and 35 software parks had been developed through governmental support. In the period 1992-2005, the revenue, industrial value added
companies through its administrative arm and the university science parks and incubators. From 1991 to
2002, the number of the incubators at the regional and national level combined increased from 43 to 436
Likewise, the number of tenant companies hosted in these incubators ballooned from 500 in 1991 to
Incubator programme The main Israeli programme promoting innovative entrepreneurship is the Incubator programme, set up in 1991.
The programme, managed by the Centre of Incubators for Technological Initiative, currently includes 26 such incubators, 22
of which have been privatised The annual budget for 2008 was about USD 45 million. Overall, since the first companies graduated
from the system in 1993,61%secured follow-on funding and 40%are active to this day.
the private sector has invested over USD 2. 5 billion in incubator graduates Potential entrepreneurs first have to be accepted by the incubator
and then apply for funding to the Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) in the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor, which runs
the incubator programme. The OCS screening process includes on-site visits by specialists who determine whether the proposed project is innovative in global markets;
The OCS Incubators Committee awards grants of up to USD 500 000 over two years, or up
funding, with the rest coming from the incubator management company. The OCS does not intervene in the equity arrangements between the entrepreneur and the incubator, but the
entrepreneur is entitled to at least 30%of equity in the company Yozma programme The most successful and original programme in Israel†s relatively long history of innovation
incubators, science parks, etc Facilitate the match between providers and users of technology carry out technology transfer
zones, 62 university science parks, about 200 business incubators and 35 software parks (see China†s Country Note.
incubators, alumni networks, access to experienced practitioners, access to venture capital) and evaluation (degree of monitoring and assessment of entrepreneurship
incubators, can make a difference in training take-up rates Business succession Business succession, that is, the transfer of businesses from retiring owners to new
â Create incubators for social innovations and foster the emergence of intermediaries who can connect social demand with the supply of social innovations
â Incubators play a critical role in spreading social innovations, as they bring together the skills and expertise necessary to help sustain
â Create incubators for social enterprises and social innovation intermediaries to bring together the sk and expertise necessary to help sustain
Incubator programme Yozma programme Russian Federation Foundation for the Assistance of Small Innovation Enterprises RUSNANO
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