Department of International Business and Economics Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA
rovodo@gmail. com http://www. rei. ase. ro DOREL MIHAI PARASCHIV Department of International Business and Economics
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA paraschiv@inde. ro http://www. rei. ase. ro
ANA MARIA MARINOIU Department of International Business and Economics Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest
ROMANIA anamarinoiu@yahoo. com http://www. rei. ase. ro Abstract: -The paper presents the results of a qualitative research on the perception and implementation of eco
-innovation in Romanian SMES. The focus on the paper is on the isolation hypothesis of SMES,
economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Its multilateralism leads thus to it being on the agenda
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 186 2 Problem Formulation
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 187 redesigns and, in the end, creation of new elements
other emerging economies, allows the extrapolation of the results at an international level, in view of
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 188 References 1 Abrahamson E.,Rosenkopf L. 1997
Innovation and Environmental Economics. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-01, Mannheim 14 Cantono S, Silverberg G (2008), â€oea
relationship between diffusion, learning economies and subsidiesâ€, at http://www. merit. unu. edu 15 Cojanu Valentin (Coord.
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 189 Environmental Regulation and Innovation?
Ecological Economics, 32,319-322 36 Soete, L. 1987) â€oethe impact of technological innovation on international trade
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 190
EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 23.4.2013 SWD (2013) 153 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT E-commerce Action plan 2012-2015
2. RECEPTION BY STAKEHOLDERS AND EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS The Communication was received well by stakeholders. They supported the
Commission†s intention to work towards the completion of the Digital Single Market, and agreed with the five priorities identified above,
with stakeholders, a public consultation and the launch of an impact assessment are planned for 2013
A structured stakeholder dialogue was launched to that effect by the Commission on 4 february 2013, with the specific objective of
external stakeholders In the issue of competition enforcement, on 12 december 2012, the Commission adopted a decision that rendered legally binding the commitments offered by Apple
Network, and discussions with stakeholders more generally. Moreover, the national competition authorities inform the Commission of their case investigations and their
the economy and on cross-border activity. They will examine the effectiveness of self-regulatory and legislative frameworks put in place to address those practices at
Citizens, businesses and other stakeholders were asked for their opinion on certain 23 The functioning of the market for internet access and provision from a consumer perspective, study on behalf
which will greatly contribute to bringing the economic value of PSI to the market. It will take the harmonisation of the rules that public sector bodies have to respect
Furthermore, the Commission services together with stakeholders took stock of practices made to improve retailers†s awareness of their duties, obligations and
through dialogue with the stakeholders, develop codes of good conduct, good practice guides and guidelines giving consumers access to
The purpose of the Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue on Comparison Tools (MSDCT is to •provide a better understanding of the functioning of the various types of
and interaction between all the stakeholders involved in comparison websites, retailers, regulators, consumer organisations •map best practices in the comparison of products and services across different
The Green Paper launched by a public stakeholder consultation which helped identifying a number of key hurdles on the path towards the market integration of
Furthermore, it seeks stakeholders 'views on how best to serve the interests of customers, businesses and end-consumers
wide variety of stakeholders indicated, in their contributions to the consultation, that changing the E-commerce Directive (ECD) would be undesirable.
stakeholders, in particular in the following forms •Questionnaires on N&a procedures. This questionnaire asked stakeholders to
provide facts and figures concerning notice-and-action procedures. It was sent to organisations that submit notices of illegal content to online intermediaries and to
Stakeholders have asked for their responses to be treated confidentially. 70 responses were received •Two experts†workshops on N&a procedures.
The Commission services also met bilaterally with stakeholders Main action 13: in 2012, propose an overall strategy on internet security in
the growth and competitiveness of the EU economy •Increasing public and private spending on Research and development (R&d
throughout the EU, an essential element for future economic growth. These new rules will allow for well-designed state aid targeted at market failures without
The guidelines were drafted after an intensive dialogue with all stakeholders and have the following principles and priorities
A stakeholder conference will be organised at the end of 2013 to take stock of progress and assess future needs
2. RECEPTION BY STAKEHOLDERS AND EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS 3. STATE OF PLAY OF THE ACTION PLAN ONE YEAR AFTER ADOPTION
contributed significantly to the European economy in general and the success of the European Single Digital Market in
organisations and other relevant stakeholders Wants consumer rights throughout Europe to be harmonised as much as possible and at the same high level in all Member
and recommendations of the Copenhagen Economics study into the Pricing Behaviour of postal operators. 4
4 DG Markt (2012), Pricing behaviour of postal operators, Copenhagen Economics 5 GREEN PAPER An integrated parcel delivery market for the growth of e-commerce in the EU
between the interests of all the stakeholders; therefore Ecommerce Europe supports a multi-stakeholder approach to ADR and ODR. 8
4. 1. 2 Checks and balances •Include the core principles for ADR in a binding
reflect with relevant stakeholders (i e. data controllers processors and data subjects) on the proposal in order to
schemes is necessary to achieve the required economies of scale 6. 2 Ecommerce Europe†s additional proposals
With the digitisation of the economy and the gathering of data, a number of online-specific
the Economist Intelligence Unit sponsored by Microsoft  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 1 Reaping the benefits of ICT
Europe†s productivity challenge Acknowledgements 3 Executive Summary 4 Introduction 7 Part I The economic impact of ICT 8
2 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 3 Reaping the benefits of ICT
Europe†s productivity challenge Reaping the benefits of ICT: Europe's productivity challenge is an Economist Intelligence Unit white
paper, sponsored by Microsoft The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole editorial responsibility for the content of the report.
The findings and views expressed in this white paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor
strength of ICT's impact on economic growth based on a cross-section model of 60 countries â We ran a survey of 100 senior executives on the
Economist Intelligence Unit produced the cross -section model that underpins some of the key findings
4  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
behind on key measures of economic growth and productivity. This leaves Europe†s policymakers and business leaders wrestling with two puzzles.
â First, the Economist Intelligence Unit conducted empirical research to investigate the strength of ICT€ s impact on economic growth, based on a
cross-section model of 60 countries. The report also makes extensive use of the Economist Intelligence Unit†s international business
environment rankings â Second, we conducted a survey of 100 senior executives on the commercial challenges of
developed economies. The Economist Intelligence Unit†s cross-section analysis of 60 countries confirms the general view that ICT is linked strongly to
economic growth in developed countries. At the same time, the impact of ICT is weak in emerging markets
and our analysis suggests this may be because ICT begins to deliver GDP per head growth only after a
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 5 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
European economies is mixed, with The netherlands and Austria performing well in some areas, while the south European countries fare worst
economic growth and productivity gains. Big firms have no reason to be complacent, however; ICT -related management skills are lacking here too, and
6  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 7 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
part of policymakers and economists that the EU as a whole was falling behind the United states in key
measures of economic growth, most crucially that of labour productivity growth. The transatlantic productivity gap has diminished not since the Lisbon
economic growth. Our own analysis, presented later in the report, supports the hypothesis of a time lag:
conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit. It includes the results of a cross-section examination of
from the Economist Intelligence Unit†s survey of 100 senior business executives, as well as interviews with a
8  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
economic growth and productivity has fascinated and perplexed governments academics and business leaders since the ICT â€oerevolution†began.
The role of technology in the economy is now a subject of government policy across the globe, and
economic growth look to the example of the United States. America†s formidable growth since 1995 appears to explode the â€oeproductivity paradoxâ€, the
*Most economists believe this productivity surge can be traced in part to the benefits of ICT
economy, leading to a permanent improvement in its growth prospects. The fact that productivity growth
Some economists believe the traditional growth-accounting studies that paint ICT in such a positive light are flawed.
A new empirical study conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit takes a different approach to the
such as the Economist Intelligence Unit†s business environment rankings, it is possible to draw a number
significant positive impact on a country†s economy Once countries reach the threshold (indicated by a
score highest in the Economist Intelligence Unit†s index of ICT enablers (see p. 11, and Appendix A
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 9 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
10  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
economies such as Europe and the US, the cross -section model suggests ICT is the main factor behind
The Economist Intelligence Unit†s forecasts of GDP growth indicate that Europe is unlikely to close this gap
to deliver faster economic growth European effectiveness in harnessing ICT The Economist Intelligence Unit†s research confirms
that most European countries lag significantly behind the US in key measures of ICT investment, use and
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 11 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
several economists believe the UK is on the cusp of an acceleration in productivity growth on the strength of
12  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
Three ways ICT can boost the economy 1. ICT investment. Investing in ICT goods and services
Economists believe ICT capital investment has made a sizeable contribution to GDP growth in many developed countries in the past
2000, many economists see ICT investment growth in both the US and Europe remaining buoyant in the medium
One notable sceptic is Robert Gordon, an economist who argues that the 1990s boom owed much to transitory
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 13 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
Despite this, few economists or policymakers believe governments should intervene to create or boost an ICT-producing sector artificially.
Pilat, an economist at the OECD, argues that only a few firms can compete in this area5.
throughout the rest of the economy in the ICT-using sectors. This requires greater improvements in workplace
Economists studying TFP growth in Europe†s ICT-using industries have seen little (if any) sign of an acceleration
Many economists conclude that this is because of the time-lag between the point where countries invest heavily
14  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
largest and richest economies inevitably lead the way in harnessing ICT. Germany, for example†long the
The Economist Intelligence Unit†s forecasts suggest that, on current trend, most European countries show no sign of closing the gap in
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 15 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
by the US economy The rewards of ICT depend on a complex interaction between technology and a range of other
of these factors are most important, the Economist Intelligence Unit conducted a survey of 100 senior
16  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 17 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
18  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
confirm a strong link in developed economies between the quality of the business environment and the
Strong competition in the economy as a whole encourages other companies to use technology to innovate with their products, services, work processes
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 19 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
Bart van Ark, an economist from the University of Grã ningen, believes restrictive product markets
Many economists argue that Europe†s labour market regulations are too restrictive and that they deter companies from reorganising the workplace
Policymakers and economists diverge, however, on the link between labour regulations and productivity growth, and on the desirability of policy initiatives to
federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, cites the shortage of venture capital as one of the key barriers
20  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 21 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
22  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 23 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
at all levels of the economy. Creating that environment†and ultimately delivering increased productivity growth†requires coordinated action on
economy in Europe) and other initiatives signify a desire in the EU to remove the barriers to innovation
which most economists believe is too restrictive in most of Europe. Despite this, many policymakers (as well as executives judging from our
24  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 25 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
of its sheer weight in the economy, this type of government procurement can help to aggregate
26  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 27 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
The Economist Intelligence Unit conducted a cross -section empirical analysis of 60 countries covering the
â The Economist Intelligence Unit†s approach also has advantages over existing cross-section studies, in that most of these have focused on ICT
The Economist Intelligence Unit†s model is well -behaved in that in the full 60-country sample all the
28 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT
measure of the openness of economies, a measure of real exchange-rate variability and our composite index
-economic policies. Further explanations of these variables are provided following table 1 Only one outlier is identified in the sample†Ireland
Economist Intelligence Unit 1 0. 5 0 -0. 5 -1 O 5 10 This chart relates ICT development to growth in GDP per head, after non-ICT growth determinants
of ICT in the economy and the experience derived from earlier ICT development mean that the
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 29 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT
open economy according to the following four criteria:(1) average tariff rates below 40%;(%2) average quota and licensing coverage of imports of
BUSENV€ an index constructed by the Economist Intelligence Unit of the business environment (on a 1-10 scale) based on indicators grouped in
30 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT
zone economies had in terms of lower initial GDP per head (the catch up potential) and higher investment
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 31 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT
as of national income â A qualitative indicator of competition in the telecoms market â A qualitative indicator of the security of the
slower-growing, major euro zone economies is again attributable to ICT. Although the forecast EU average
economies'performance †with some countries accelerating their growth, which in part is related to ICT developments
32 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix A: Empirical analysis: background and explanation Reaping the benefits of ICT
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 33 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
New Economy? â€, Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti, mimeo Basu, Susanto, John Fernald, Nicholas Oulton and Sylaja Srinivasan
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34  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
which is by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by Microsoft, seeks to answer these crucial questions
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 35 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
36 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 37 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
38 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 39 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
40 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 41 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
42 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 43 Appendix C: Survey results Reaping the benefits of ICT
44 Â The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Whilst every effort has been taken to verify the accuracy of this information, neither The Economist
Intelligence Unit Ltd. nor the sponsors of this report can accept any responsibility or liability for reliance by
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