†National stakeholder working groups (SG Technology Platform  †Accompanying Meta-Studies and accompanying coordinating
 †Regional Smart Grids Platform with all stakeholders (Smart Grids Flanders  †Belset-platform for coordinating input to/from SET
funding under national stakeholders andor Distrubution operator (at present 24 ï¿ï of research 25  †Smart regions
starting soon (incl. all stakeholders of the electric system  †ISGAN  â€oeint. SG Action Networkâ â€:
 †National Technology Platform for Smart Grids (36 stakeholders  †National Smartgrids Roadmap (CC SURE
 †National stakeholder technology platform à FUTURED  •Funding-/programme mechanismen  †Period 2008-2012
the fields of climate, agriculture, transportation and economics. It will be presenting suggestions as to how Denmark in the future can phase out fossil fuels,
between companies, research institutions, training and institutional stakeholders Table 31 Scenarios, Project Information & Platforms in France
framework of a technology competition held by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in close cooperation with the Ministry for the Environment, Nature
-E-Energy-Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWI -Innovation policy, information society, telecommunications. E-Energy
funding programme E-Energy (Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy Germany
The energy economy on the way to the internet era -dena-Netzstudie II (Grid Study: Integration of renewable energies in the
Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology www. e-energy. de/documents/2009-02-23 untersuchung des normungs -und standardisierungsumfeldes e-Energy (1). pdf
promising research areas including those enabling a sustainable economy. As an example  â€oe  †technologies in the domains of energy and environmental protection
different stakeholder-to bring forward and coordinate the necessary activities. The defined key areas of actions which are elaborated in the position paper are listed
and strategy by asking a wide range of stakeholders enterprises, energy companies, municipalities, building and construction
Society, economy, and even human psychology itself are undergoing an irreversible change, which we as citizens and
and economy solutions, such as crowdfunding for social good projects (104 The network analysis shows that although there are few very active organisations
the collaborative economy, cities and public services; open tools and distributed architectures; and citizen engagement and direct democracy
economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale social challenges remains largely untapped.
such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement. Yet services that exist to help communities collaborate on problems that may not fit in tra
economy;( (4) new ways of making;(5) open democracy; and (6) acceleration and incubation. Crowdmapping DSI organisations and their activities:
Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations M or
Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations M or
the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks that incentivise experimentation with new models in a variety of domains.
economic value, but that result in large -scale social impact. At the present mo -ment, the Internet offers unprecedented
involves society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT. More than five billion additional people will connect
with the multi-stakeholder governance model Avoiding anti-competitive dynamics and lock in would engage all particapents in the value chain
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
Economy Open Democracy Funding Acceleration and Incubation The organisations and projects identified to date can roughly be grouped within
-racy,(3) The collaborative economy 4) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles,(5 Open Access and (6) funding, accelera
The collaborative economy †and the many other umbrella terms used to describe the rise of digital marketplaces for people to make transactions and share skills, assets and
The Collaborative Economy has been documented by organisations like the P2p Foundation, Nesta, and Ouishare Across the world the burgeoning field of collaborative consumption is using digital
ECONOMY New collaborative socioeconomic models that present novel characteristics, and enable people to share skills, knowledge, food
Ouishare SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK Ouishare is a global collaborative consumption network founded in January 2012.
the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect, create and share on the web.
two primary activities, Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events. Ouishare. net is an online community where members
which brings together the global collaborative economy community. The 2014 event took place in Paris
the collaborative economy In parallel thousands of alternative currencies are in use †some focused on localities
economies work †for example, valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born
Goteo SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
in real world settings with all relevant stakeholders: citizens, companies and scientific institutions One interesting example of an Urban Lab is the Barcelona Urban Lab. It was created
and sharing economy platforms likeâ Peerbyâ Â are creating new forms of relationships and services.
inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders OPEN STANDARD BODYTHE World wide web Consortium (W3c The ability to access knowledge
commons-based knowledge economy. The project is a joint research effort sponsored by the Coordinating Ministry
Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills
Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino
Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills
Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino
-laborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest †but also more scattered †community (7. 41
economy and society by complementing the telecommunications regulatory en -vironment, modernising copyright rules simplifying rules for consumers making
to help the EU economy become more competitive, based on sustainable and inclusive growth fuelled by energy and
democracy, and the collaborative economy These platforms based on open technol -ogy can gather and integrate information
agents (stakeholders in a broad sense including implementers and decision makers The Futurium platform is based on the
stakeholders in the poliy making process Besides the standard tools available in most social networks, Futurium participa
the Mayor has designed programmes for the sharing economy and citizen engagement. Colombia set up a centre
-ment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35 69growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
when it is perceived as fair by all stakeholders, seeking the right balance between the interests
Commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately â 40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the
economies. New forms of data control and data collective ownership by citizens should be encouraged. For instance, in the UK, the government backedâ Midataâ pro
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
engaging effectively in multi-stakeholder processes Distributed and open architectures Community and bottom-up networking 5. 3 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SUPPORT
key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed and how
a. Collaborative economy b. Digital social innovation in cities and public services c. Open tools and distributed architectures
for cities, regions, health authorities and universities to pilot large-scale DSI experiments around collaborative economy, direct
Within the single digital social market it should be easier for digital social innovations such as collaborative economy and crowd
/making-sense-uk-collaborative-economy Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Compendium of Evidence on Innovation Policy
Europe is facing major economic challenges that require an ambitious economic policy for the 21st century.
economy ï¿inclusive growth, fostering a high employment economy delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion Investing more in research,
innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
So is having a strategic and integrated approach to innovation that maximises European, national and regional research and innovation
and aims to deliver sustainable economic growth and social benefits from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT.
integrated approach to harness the potential for smart growth and the knowledge economy in all
They get stakeholders fully involved and encourage innovation and experimentation ï¿They are based evidence and include sound monitoring and evaluation systems
development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation remains a fundamental challenge for the EU as a whole.
towards a resource-efficient and low carbon economy, offering opportunities in domestic and global markets.
role for every national and regional economy, including both leader and less advanced territories It embraces a broader concept of innovation,
have a role to play in the knowledge economy, provided that they can identify comparative
specialisation and the eminent role the various innovation stakeholder and entrepreneurs are 8 Council Conclusions on Innovation Union for Europe, 3049th Competitiveness Council meeting.
And it is not only a reinforced stakeholder involvement and strong internal connectivity that counts but smart specialisation is also pointing
all stakeholder incentives and behavioural responses are aligned correctly and that the policy can be monitored accordingly
knowledge resources and linking them to a limited number of priority economic activities countries and regions can become â€
and remain †competitive in the global economy. This type of specialisation allows regions to take advantage of scale, scope and spillovers in knowledge
economy offer a much greater chance of success. Imitating other regions by trying to create
economic system is considered often in isolation ï¿They are not in tune with the industrial and economic fabric of the region;
critical in the current economic crisis where public and private financial resources are scarce The smart specialisation concept therefore promotes efficient, effective and synergetic use of
to boost economic growth and prosperity 14 For more information about previous innovation activities funded by the EU,
However, who has the entrepreneurial knowledge in the regional economy? It may be held by firms, which is often the case in'advanced'regions rich in entrepreneurial experiments and
economies of scope and spillovers) which are likely to materialise between an existing activity and a new one.
RIS3 needs to be based on a sound analysis of the regional economy society, and innovation structure, aiming at assessing both existing assets and prospects for
wide view of innovation that spans across economic activities and involves many sectors of the civic society
global economy, and ï¿dynamics of the entrepreneurial environment Regional assets: a strategy rooted in the regional specificities
innovation system and key challenges both for the economy and the society Economic differentiation is one of the central principles behind smart specialisation.
which suggests that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
understanding of the areas in the economy and society that have the greatest potential for future
The fact that RIS3 is based on a wide view of innovation automatically implies that stakeholders
or major regional stakeholders In order to secure that all stakeholders own and share the strategy, governance schemes should
allow for'collaborative leadership, 'meaning that hierarchies in decision-making should be flexible enough in order to let each actor to have a role
Analytical evidence should be used to depict a comprehensive scenario of the regional economy society, and environment shared by all stakeholders.
The scenario constitutes the basis for developing a vision about where the region would like to be in the future,
Having a clear and shared vision of regional development is crucial in order to keep stakeholders engaged in the process, a task that is particularly challenging, given that a RIS3 is a long-term
stakeholders and keep the current ones engaged Example 4-The vision of Flanders Step 4-Identification of priorities
related variety, suggesting that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
on potential for knowledge-based transformation of the economy, based on information on the positioning of the regional economy in international value chains and on identification of
specific key assets Several methods can be used to support the identification of potential niches for smart
specialisation of regional economies on the basis of employment (or value-added) data Location quotients measure whether some sectors are represented over in a regional
economy compared to other regions or countries. This is sometimes equated with'cluster presence'even if these indicators only capture agglomeration effects, and not interactions
predictability of the innovation policy framework for regional stakeholders; reliance on the consultation and support of regional stakeholders as a basis of innovation policy;
degree of control over strategic regional assets Policy mix and framework conditions: cooperation between the local, regional, national and EU levels in
Adding key stakeholders from foreign clusters brings in a useful peer review dimension to the analysis
22 Neffke F. and Svensson Henning M. 2009), Skill-relatedness and firm diversification, Papers on Economics and
Jena Evolutionary Economics Group, Max Plank Institute of Economics 23 Henning M.,Moodysson J. and Nilsson M. 2010), Innovation and Regional Transformation:
since different stakeholders will have different expectations and agendas on the question at stake, often restricted to their own areas of action
economy ministries and agencies. Interministerial Committees are tools to cope with this need for a wide conclusion of stakeholders
A RIS3 is an exercise that deals with policies developed by local, regional and national
of policy implies that governance mechanisms need to include stakeholders and decision-makers from these various levels.
25 Lorenz P. and Lundvall B. A. 2006), How Europe†s Economies Learn. Coordinating Competing Models
preserving the regional status quo than transforming the regional economy through innovation Although this criticism can be overdone (because regional governments,
change are to be addressed, the regional governance system should be opened to new stakeholder groups coming from the civil society that can foster a culture of constructive challenge to
as in the case of RIS3, collaboration among stakeholders holds the key to successful implementation of innovative practices, implying that leadership has to be shared and exercised
that reproduce old habits and routines, locking regional economies into their traditional paths of development
economy. Formal recognition of the boundary spanning role, and its significance for universities businesses and the regional economy, would do much to promote a skill set that is critically
important to the moderation of the RIS3 process, particularly of the entrepreneurial process of discovery, which lies at the heart of the process
new connections and conversations in the regional economy. New opportunities are emerging in old regions as a result of connections and conversations that are now occurring but which never
jointly identify a project to explore the prospects for related variety in the regional economy
their own diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the regional economy, and these views
regional Knowledge Leadership Group includes stakeholders operating both outside and in the region. In this respect, universities can be critical actors
knowledge needs to be shared amongst the regional stakeholders, as all too often partnerships fail because of a lack of understanding of the other†s business drivers
it should attract regional stakeholders around a common bold project, a dream, which many feel they can contribute to and benefit
cannot be taken seriously by regional stakeholders At this stage, the purpose is to reach the willingness to act towards the transformation of the
of innovation for job and economic value creation The elaboration of the overall vision for the future requires the identification of the combined
communication of the RIS3 is essential to ensure its endorsement by all stakeholders of the
embarking stakeholders that are not yet part of the process. And it may serve the wider purpose of informing public opinion about the need to support the development of
2. Identification of the stakeholder groups and their motivation: different target groups have different needs and should be reached with different tools.
such as targeted visits to stakeholders or concerted workshops and seminars. Examples of active tools are:
stakeholders in the region are supposed to adhere to the strategy and implement it in their
investments that have the potentially highest impact on the regional economy. The priority setting for national and/or regional research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation
priorities focusing on the existing strengths of the economy but also on emerging opportunities A good smart specialisation strategy will catalyse structural change and the emergence of critical
clusters so that agglomeration externalities, economies of scale, economies of scope and local spillovers can be realised fully in the process of knowledge production and distribution
A regional economy clearly provides the appropriate dimensional framework for such processes of decision, strategic implementation, agglomeration of resources and materialisation of
However, national economies might also be a good framework, particularly in the case of small countries
of all stakeholders in a process of entrepreneurial discovery, which should secure a regionally -and business-driven, inclusive and open prioritisation process
1. Is the strategy based on an appropriate stakeholder involvement? How does it support the entrepreneurial discovery process of testing possible
economy should be investigated in the preliminary, self-assessment phase and receive sufficient attention thereafter. Additional elements of interest with a view
economy, such as the proportion of small, innovative firms or large, R&d -intensive companies. Attention should be devoted also to the width and strength
economy on a limited number of industries Achieving critical mass Smart specialisation involves making choices, leading to priority setting and
regional economy. The distinctive elements that can guide review, monitoring and assessment for RIS3 should
In order to help regional stakeholders to capture the critical lessons and knowledge about those delivery instruments, a summary of EU staff experience in
perceived as important for economic growth, what are the challenges and barriers how the next programming period will still support them
Evolutionary economics Economic geography Policy Experimentation RIS-RITTS 1994-2004 Innovation Union self-assessment tool Regional Innovation Monitor
reaching higher levels of excellence and thriving in the global economy Clusters can be used at both the design
specialisation patterns and compare economic activities, including agriculture, and strengths with other regions in the EU
competition that are developing in the global economy. SMES are thus at the core of Cohesion Policy
innovations of benefit to the European economy and society, as well as science Consequently, the development of regional Research Infrastructures (in particular
The contribution of the stakeholders at regional and national level needs therefore to be enhanced. Regional and local authorities should work in partnership and
Universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture
economic growth, innovation and increased productivity. Data from the 2010 Digital Competitiveness report77 reveals that while representing 5%of GDP, ICT
economic growth through the realisation of the digital single market and the exploitation of the potential for innovation of fast and ultra fast internet and
economic growth. For instance, copyright rules are based nationally and therefore prevent the full harnessing of the digital single market.
the competitiveness of SMES and the shift to a low carbon economy •Rural Development:
and service innovation throughout the economy and are of systemic relevance They are multidisciplinary, cutting across many technology areas with a trend
generating economic growth and employment and strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy. They bear enormous market potential.
In the coming four years, the growth rates of each of these technologies range between 6%-15%.
•are vital for the emergence of new economic activities and the creation of new and sustainable job opportunities101
zones and rural areas with the potential to rejuvenate economies, stimulate innovation and contribute to growth
for the economy, and building on this asset should be considered in national/regional research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation.
the wider economy',will provide in early 2012 a policy handbook identifying good practices in this field that might prove very useful for managing authorities
less developed regions of Europe, implementing the knowledge-based economy developing Trans-European Networks (TENS), supporting small and medium
a climate resilient and greener economy to boost its competitiveness and be able to sustain its growth
economy as a new paradigm for sustainable growth. Innovation is essential to succeed in decoupling growth from natural capital utilisation
in an EU economy that is more competitive in a world of high energy prices and tough resource constraints and competition.
-makers and stakeholders in Europe†s regions and cities, which are responsible for designing, implementing and monitoring these strategies, play a crucial role
economy and getting the actors of innovation and environment working together Moreover, regions have to reflect on how to benefit from the fast-emerging green
economy in all sectors; in particular, at least 20%in more developed and transition regions and at least 6%in less developed regions.
In particular a closed-loop economy that aims to reduce, in absolute terms, input, waste and the release of harmful
-putting the EU on the path to a resource and energy efficient economy, Study and briefing notes
-specific stakeholders in the field of energy, water and other natural resource management. The aim is embed to eco-innovations from the outset in the design
renewable energy sources but also the expansion of the bio-economy Therefore, innovative methods need to be taken into account to monitor and
end-users (including disadvantaged groups) and stakeholders into innovation processes, promoting inclusive growth. Therefore, they are a relevant rationale to
It is important to link business, the public sector, the social economy and civil society. To make an impact,
social and economic value. In this regard, it has a pivotal role in answering together with private stakeholders and the civil society) today's major societal
challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services risk of poverty and social exclusion, the need for better and more transparent
capacity-building and networking of local stakeholders to implementing active labour market policies. For the next programming period, social innovation is
1. Is the strategy based on appropriate stakeholder involvement? How does it support the entrepreneurial discovery process of testing possible new areas
stakeholder involvement, including mainly regional government/regional agencies, entrepreneurs, knowledge providers but also other/new stakeholders
with the potential for innovative contributions, through measures such as surveys consultations, dedicated working groups, workshops, etc
7. 3 How is the strategy to be communicated to stakeholders and the general public? What are the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from
3-Capturing innovation impulses from emerging economies...29 4-Capabilities for Design-Driven Innovation in European SMES...
Exiting the economic crisis and achieving the employment and growth targets of the Europe 2020 strategy requires a competitive industry that builds its competitiveness on innovation in
Small, innovative companies create the majority of new jobs in the European economy. A strong rationale exists for public support to SMES€ innovation activities in order to overcome
and underpin future economic growth jobs, and progress towards a resource-efficient economy ï Further leverage
and complement support for innovation in SMES and other funding which may be provided by national or regional authorities (including under the
are open and bring together already a critical mass of enterprises and innovation stakeholders Establishing such platforms will not be supported
policies and supporting various groups of stakeholders is excluded from the delegation to EASME and will
3-Capturing innovation impulses from emerging economies During the next decades growth of the world economy will be concentrated in emerging
economies with a small but steeply rising purchasing power of individuals, compared to European standards.
An increasing number of multinational companies orient their product and service innovation activities towards the needs of clients in emerging economies and
identify new business opportunities for such product even in mature markets. Govindarajan 24 documented many such cases
preferences in emerging economies, guides to cooperation with local science, technology and innovation agents, tools to support the enterprise in identifying gaps and building-up internal
Associated Countries and between the relevant stakeholders (National authorities and support services). ) Awareness and training material shall be produced based on cases studies for
To capture the growth opportunities notably in developing countries and emerging economies enterprises innovate specifically for these markets building on local expertise and
It shall bring together all relevant stakeholders to discuss how SMES can benefit from the dynamics and opportunities of international R&i
has been set up to provide stakeholder input on the overall Horizon 2020 scientific and technological strategy, with respect to maximising the SME relevance and impact of the
policies and supporting various groups of stakeholders is excluded from the delegation to EASME and will
policies and supporting various groups of stakeholders is excluded from the delegation to EASME and will
programme ever, with a budget of around â 79 billion (adjusted for inflation) over the seven years of the programme
currency of the global economy. If Europe wants to continue to compete in the 21st century,
EU Research and Innovation can help to exit the current economic crisis With an ageing population and strong competition from emerging economies, Europe†s future economic growth and job
creation must come from innovation in products, services and business models. There is strong evidence that countries
This tangible investment in a healthy, competitive European economy is every bit as important as our commitment to
prerequisite for a healthy economy and a healthy population means lower public health bills Yet many challenges need to be addressed to grant
has consequences not only for citizen health but for the European healthcare system and economy. Researchers have
economy. The welfare and well-being of Europe†s citizens and that of future generations will depend on how these transformations
economy By the end of 2013, EU research will have financed over 495 bioeconomy research projects, with more than 7, 402 participants
stakeholders working towards the common goals of •Achieving food safety for all Europeans and decreasing the
our modern economies and it does indeed take a huge amount of energy to maintain the standard of living to which most of us have
Europe, the number two world economy, is currently over -dependent on the rest of the globe for its energy.
that will deliver a low-energy economy, whilst making the energy we consume to maintain our standard of living and
channelled back into the economy, and up to two million jobs created •Ensuring the free movement of energy:
economic growth and global exports. It provides citizens, societies and economies with essential resources and means of mobility
With an annual turnover of â 780 billion and a value added of over â 140 billion, the sector makes a major contribution to the EU€ s
and our economy †could be severely restricted and quality of life eroded. In the transport sector
There needs to be a decoupling of economic growth from resource use With natural resources becoming scarcer, encouraging a more
The ability of the economy to adapt and become more resilient to climate change, more resource-efficient, while at the same time
to boost competitiveness and job creation in European economies What is EU Research and Innovation doing to
Helping to build a green economy †a circular economy in sync with the natural environment †is part of the answer
for a green economy. This will require great progress in public sector and social innovation. Activities will address gaps in the
will allow stakeholders from different sectors to work together in new ways. Citizens will also be involved in developing and testing
economy with a sustainable supply of raw materials. Activities include supporting businesses in developing and bringing to
demand on this most precious commodity Aquafit4use received â 9. 6 million in funding from the
sectors of the economy Supported by a â 7. 9 million contribution from the EU 7th Framework programme, NEUJOBS includes 29 partners
The digital and online economy are central to the EU€ s economic recovery, however, many citizens and businesses are reluctant to
working to increase confidence in the online economy in particular through research into cyber security and online privacy. â 350
to promote innovation and economic growth in the EU, while protecting Europe†s society, economy, assets and fundamental
rights. The Commission wants to develop trustworthy ICT solutions ensuring a secure and reliable digital environment in Europe
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