Training programmes need to be focused more on managerial understanding and skills for e-business such as how to effectively integrate e-busi
-business studies on about 25 sectors9 of the European economy, annual comprehensive synthesis reports about the state-of-play in e-business in the European union, statistical
and training Improving performance Benchmarking intermodal terminals Promotion and best practices Statistical data Simplification of transport
Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive
innovation and the share of employees with an university degree. The result leads to the
conclusion that changes in share of employees with a higher university degree positively affect the likelihood of conducting ICT-enabled innovations
a college or university degree. The share is highest (about 20%)among micro-firms (Exhibit 3. 2-2). However
with a college/university degree (by firm size 19 9 11 9 14 0 5 10 15 20 25
ICT training for employees Obtaining e-skills is not a one-off event †the speed of technological change requires that
Employers are now less likely to see training just as a cost but also as an investment
ICT and e-business skills and training in Europe, Final Synthesis Report, authors: Willi A Petersen, Meter Revill, Tony Ward and Carsten Wehmeyer (Flensburg University, Germany and
York University, UK 66 E-business Watch Survey 2006 E-business in the transport & logistics industry
47 The delivery of e-skills training can benefit from the development of work-based training
concepts and innovative new education and training channels including e-learning. In many areas this is aided by the proliferation of distance learning technologies.
These new forms of partnerships and flexible approaches need to be much more actively promoted. 67
In a knowledge economy driven by rapid technical change, investments in high-skilled labour, training and skill-formation become more important than investments in ICT.
The intelligence and skills of ICT users determines the positive or negative impact that ICT
training and skill-formation for the optimal use of the ICT technical equipment. 14%of the TLS workforce
with university or college degree Exhibit 3. 2-3) represents a higher value of high-educated employees
%Exhibit 3. 2-3 Employees with university degree (by sectors 18 11 11 14 26
every further and higher education institution makes use of open source software. The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and
Networked Enterprise Applications and Software, FP6 508011), coordinated by University Bordeaux 1 with 47 partners and more than 300 researchers
but it has to take into account the learning curve and the cost of deployment and also the potential impact on the rest of the software that they are
providing opportunities for shared learning, transfer of technical knowledge and resource exchange 3. 4. 3 Deployment of e-invoicing
Harvard Business school Press 95 Hossain, L, . and Wigand, R. T. 2003). Understanding virtual collaboration through structuration
102 Allen et al, University of Westminster, January 2003, Modelling policy measures and company initiatives for sustainable urban distribution †Final Technical Report
This includes policies and processes, front-of-house customer service, employee training marketing, systems and information management
workforce educational level (80%of the employees don†t have high school studies ALSA has detected some resistance to the changes
and now is implementing training programs and looking for adequate intermediate manager positions profiles that help to
accumulation, i e. embodied technical change is the key driver of growth E-business in the transport & logistics industry
training and skill-formation are at least equally important as investments in ICT capital themselves in order to realise the optimal benefits.
with a college or university degree the use of e-collaboration tools (such as SCM or other applications to share
assets include investments in software, training and organisational transformations that accompany ICT investments. In other words, firms that combine high levels of ICT and
Firms characterised by a higher share of employees with a university degree are more likely to conduct ICT-enabled innovations, in comparison with their peer
main explanatory variable is the share of employees with a higher university degree. To additionally account for the effect of internal capacity on innovation, a variable controlling
university degree, a probit regression was run. 120 120 Probit regressions are used to estimate the effect of a set of explanatory variables on a
Changes in share of employees with a higher university degree positively affect the likelihood of conducting ICT-enabled innovations.
%of employees with higher university degree (G11) 0. 005**0. 002 IT practitioners (E1) 0. 920***0. 117
for shared learning, transfer of technical knowledge and resource exchange The most obvious benefit of information integration with the help of ICT is the optimisation
employees with a higher university degree, firm size, age and country of origin. To analyse the relationship between ICT-enabled innovation and the use of electronic data
university degree (G11) 0. 003 0. 004 Less than 249 employees (G2)- 0. 312 0. 338
school bus services One of the main aspects of the market in which AISA operates is that in Spain the
more and more difficult to manage due to the accumulation of specific developments performed for AIT and the overall complexity of the solution
The training deployed to the 32 users of the solution lasted two days and was performed
All these ICT solutions have been introduced with accompanying training programmes for employees to ensure the best possible use of the systems.
organising training programmes and defining adequate intermediate manager position profiles that help to tackle the organisational changes
The average learning time how to use the system is another four months Regarding the resource planning system,
have high school studies. The tools require the feedback from users, and the intermediate managers need a more professional profile to forecast different scenarios
The planning and training have helped to avoid the lack of training in the workforce. In the
next implementation processes ALSA will give priority to the training aspects of the tools and will do a previous tool analysis to optimise the adoption and usage of the system by
The training sessions lasted between two to four weeks, depending on the job of the employee
communication and training, the transition happened in a smooth way Thanks to the implementation of this solution, Hupac is now independent from the railway
Following training sessions and change management mentoring by the senior management team all employees were convinced quickly about the benefits of the
over 6 months for the development, deployment and training. The solution was developed on the IBM tool â€oewebsphereâ€.
on a regular basis on the project and an intense training could also have eased the adoption of the solution by the suppliers
technical groups, training groups, data capture/testing groups, evaluation groups. Once a specific task for which the group was set up was finished the group was dissolved and
Therefore, investments in training and skill-formation are at least equally important as investments in ICT capital itself in order to attain optimal benefits.
investments in training and skill-formation are at least equally important as investments in ICT capital themselves in
training programmes  Provide incentives for ICT training of employees  Improve skills related to the reorganisation of working
processes and procedures, helping SMES managers to better understand organisational aspects of e-business  Create opportunities for dialogue between SMES and
this includes education, R&d and market regulation  Create a level playing field for cooperation between large companies and SMES
or free consultancy and training programmes might help. On the other hand, some firms claim that their reluctance to
provided at a general level, such as public education, or it can be about more specific ICT
skills which could be provided by vocational and higher education institutions or professional educational programme vendors (private operators The picture that emerges from the survey is that ICT skills are a decisive issue, especially
among SMES, notably at the managerial level, i e. how to use e-business to support a
Training programmes need to be focused more on managerial understanding and skills for e-business, such as how to effectively integrate e-business processes into
investments in training and skill-formation are at least equally important as investments in ICT capital themselves in order to realise the
Thus investments in e-skill formation and training have to be prioritised This is also in line with the recommendations made in the recent"Small Business Act"for
Allen et al, University of Westminster, January 2003, Modelling policy measures and company initiatives for sustainable urban distribution †Final Technical Report
Arrow, K. J. 1962), The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing. Review of Economic. Studies, vol
Harvard Business school Press Battese, G. E.,Coelli, T. J. 1992. Frontier production functions, technical efficiency and panel data:
Harvard Business school Working Paper, No. 07-016 Cairncross, F. 1997) The Death of Distance: How the Communications Revolution Will Change our Lives
Harvard Business school Press Cammack, http://www. cammack. co. uk /Cedefop 2004 (editor: Towards a Comprehensive European e-Skills Reference Framework:
-business skills and training in Europe, Final Synthesis Report authors: Willi A. Petersen, Meter Revill
Tony Ward and Carsten Wehmeyer (Flensburg University, Germany and York University, UK Manuscript ca. 140 pp
Suppliers and the Duration of Contracts, Working Paper 95-12, The Wharton School, University of
Production and Cost Function Estimation, Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New england, Armidale, Australia
Innovation and Learning: the two faces of R&d. Economic Journal Vol. 99. No. 397, pp. 569-596
Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive
http://post. economics. harvard. edu/faculty/jorgenson/papers/Industryoriginsamericanprodresurg 07 0613. pdf (last accessed on the 23rd of August 2007
http://post. economics. harvard. edu/faculty/jorgenson/papers/Retroprodgrowthresurg 070203. pdf last accessed on the 23rd of August 2007
Unpublished Diploma Thesis. Humboldt-University, Berlin Nordhaus, W. D. The Recent Recession, The Current Recovery,
Wharton School Working Paper 97-07, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Reding, V. Speech 06. The role of ICT in innovation and growth, Forum de la Nouvelle Economie
Harvard Business school Press Solow, R. M. 1957), Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and
Trading-Off Learning With Process Change. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 51 (1) 70 The Impact of E-business on Transportation.
Our stakeholders include public authorities, universities, research centres, industry civil society and other organisations. Only with their engagement and mobilisation
home-based wellness and exercise-training; enhanced care for frail patients; home hospitalization and early discharge and remote support to primary care for diagnosis
/care provider organisations, academic institutions, industry and other organisations The objective is to deliver by 2015 across the EU evidence based validated and
enrol in higher education, register a car and participate in a public tender throughout Europe Building on existing national electronic public services, the STORK (2008-2011
•Student mobility •Cross-border edelivery •Change of Address •Citizens identification and authentication to access EC applications via national eids
•Cross-border eid services in real life settings (pilots in elearning and Academic Qualifications, ebanking, Public services for Businesses and ehealth
•promote cyber security education and to engage a think-tank in discovering the threats and vulnerabilities of the Current and Future Internet
game used for professional training purposes) with an engaging virtual environment for users to gain awareness, understanding and experience
The key elements to reach such a digital success include access to top universities and research & development centers
education field. They also have long-term policies on research and innovation The aim of this report is to address the EU Strategy to reinforce Europe's industrial and technology leadership in ICT.
Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA e-mail: black@indiana. edu **Faculty Technology, Policy and Management Delft University of Technology
Delft The netherlands e-mail: m. s. vangeenhuizen@tbm. tudelft. nl EJTIR, 6, no. 1 (2006), pp. 39-60
In this paper we address the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on sustainable transport in two ways,
congestion, are accepted generally by most scholars working in this area. They are the factors that will prevent future generations from carrying out transport in the same manner that the
education, entertainment, government services On-line, last minute, booking (flights hotels, holidays, theatre Reduces travel needs for routine transactions, but may cause
Bloomington, Indiana University Press Boyle, L. N, . and Mannering, F. 2004). Impact of traveler advisory systems on driving speed
services from private companies, universities, research centres and other accredited ICT knowledge and service providers.
management, clinicians and administrators, supported by education and training from the ICT industry •The HSE board establishes a high level advisory group,
education and improvement, engaging all stakeholders in the planning and delivery of healthcare services, and providing easier, faster and more equitable access to safe
provider may use a patient education report or patient flow sheet from the system to
dependents) through education and monitoring as well as enable the exchange of data with others regarding their health.
promote staff education and support the agency's health professionals. The BHTELESAÃ de program leverages collaborative software as the framework for two major
Literacy issues) to ensure better compliance and involvement in disease management and prevention â GP access to full
clinicians and administrators, supported by education and training from the ICT industry •The HSE board establishes a high level advisory group,
Total Training Xyea ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation Report of the Health ICT Industry Group Page 32
1 Eindhoven University of Technology {s. vavilis n. zannone}@ tue. nl 2 Philips Research Eindhoven
research institutes, Dutch universities and hospitals. The project addresses trust as one of the key issues for new electronic healthcare services.
Proceedings of the Conference on Information technology Education, ACM (2011) 251†256 33. Tzelepi, S. K.,Koukopoulos, D. K.,Pangalos, G.:
bala@mgmt. iisc. ernet. in, 2 Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, 3 Indian Institute of Science This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on Entrepreneurship and Development
established by the United nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985.
researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world
www. wider. unu. edu publications@wider. unu. edu UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER
endorsement by the Institute or the United nations University, nor by the programme/project sponsors, of
firm†s linkage to external sources of expertise for learning about new technological development were the major forces that influenced these firms in adopting a process
University of Cambridge (1996) covered the same 2028 SMES for the period 1986†95 and found that product and process innovations amongst the surviving SMES increased
Internal factors could be self-motivation, technical education background, work experience, and innovative ideas of entrepreneurs.
Technical education background in the form of diploma or degree (BE /ME/Phd) is a significant feature of entrepreneurship of these SMES:
both internal factors such as self-motivation, technical education background, work experience, and innovative ideas of entrepreneurs on the one hand, and external factors
University, Nijmegen Business school Coad, A, . and R. Rao (2008). †Innovation and Firm Growth in High-tech Sectors:
University of Cambridge, ESRC Centre for Business Research Danneels, E, . and E. J. Kleinschmidt (2001).
-Technical education & entrepreneurship -Work experience -Innovative ideas External Factors Market Pressure -Customer demand -Market opportunities
databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given.
and the need for support and training must be taken into consideration in the early phases of implementation in order to
support measures such as providing education and training for change management). ) OECD governments are evidently using their leverage as
learning from good international practices INTRODUCTION †25 IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES  OECD 2010
Through the use of community education and awareness campaigns, Ib-Salut has created a community awareness that was virtually non
In addition, Ib-Salut has provided stroke management training to over 500 primary care physicians in the region,
as well as training physicians and nurses in emergency response teams. Care providers are now not only better able to recognise and evaluate
allocate finance, training, and other resources Box 1. 6. Real-time tracking of the quality of clinical care delivery
2009), â€oea Pilot Study of Diabetes Education via Telemedicine in a Rural Underserved Community †Opportunities and
Challengesâ€, Diabetes Educator, Vol. 35, pp. 147-154 Balas, E. A. et al. 2000), â€oeimproving Preventive Care by Prompting
2003), â€oea Comparison of Diabetes Education Administered through Telemedicine versus in Personâ€, Diabetes Care Vol. 26, pp. 1002-1007
with Mcmaster University, investigated physicians†willingness to pay as a component of a larger provincial programme for the computerisation of medical practices (known as
resource/education; 2) clinical requirements (e g. reliability of patient records, and risk management 2. 5. Lack of commonly defined and consistently implemented
students, or others who are involved in the patient†s care. In this process, the main challenge is to create a smooth interface between privacy and
instruments, include support measures such as providing education and training, and the use of social or peer pressure and recognition
They are intended to change an individual†s perceptions and priorities by increasing awareness and conferring ownership of
payment to attend learning sessions, training and support, etc In addition to subsidies, government grants were the primary source of
start-up funds reported by four out of the six case study countries. Unlike subsidies, grants are assigned rarely unconditionally.
education and training; practice management and medicines management •The patient care experience domain: consisting of four indicators that relate to the
Accreditation is the gateway to PIP. Since 1999 the PIP includes a number of incentives to encourage practices to keep up
direct cash subsidies, compensation to attend learning sessions, training and support (e g. by providing help with data entry.
Compensation for attending learning sessions Adoption of the CDM Toolkit is one component of the â€oecdm Bundleâ€, a series of
are six to eight learning sessions in the CDM â€oebundleâ€, with each session lasting 3. 5 hours
management and training, to post-implementation assessment and support In the longer term, steps that link payment-for-results to IT initiatives may
Government funding support and vendor accreditation are recognised generally as key factors in influencing health IT adoption in
an HIE, with notice to or education of consumers about the process or •Option 4 †Combination:
This proactive education through the consent process was also likely to reduce liability to an HIE in the event a participant misused the exchange
protection measures, clinician consensus building and patient education have paid off for the MAEHC. Patient opt-in has averaged about 90%in all
but clear educational material. Focus groups in each pilot community identified what worked and what did not in the HIE draft consent forms and explanatory material.
implementation costs such as training. Notwithstanding these difficulties Table 5. 1 below provides estimates of current budgets of three major national ICT agencies
government, were carried out by academic institutions, private research or consulting entities 8. There are four examples of surveys undertaken by national statistics agencies that
•Installation, training and support •Increased capacity for ICT services •Support for organisations whose state of ICT-readiness is low
cost can all be minimised by learning from good international practices CHAPTER 5. USING BENCHMARKING TO SUPPORT CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT †123
Business school Press Porter, M. E. and E. O. Teisberg (2007), â€oehow Physicians Can Change the
The significant role of Divisions of General Practice and of the University of Western australia The Great Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN, formerly the Great Southern
The University of Western Australia†s Centre for Software Practice (UWA Centre) provided dedicated technical support under a
Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN) and the University of Western Australia (UWA) Centre for Software Practice
as well as education and capacity building •Outreach models are characterised by the periodic supply of a range of
The University was not new to this type of partnerships as it had managed for over three decades population health data in Western australia
enhanced training for physicians, and the expansion of stroke research efforts. Subsequently, the Helsingborg Declaration and the national stroke
stroke care training for clinicians, adherence to stroke treatment protocols and a multidisciplinary approach, the community hospitals on the other
necessary relationship management, consensus building, technical support, and training. The start to finish local implementation approach created the necessary stakeholder relationships
and education organised entire communities around the value and convenience of e-prescriptions. In effect, creating and cultivating a consumer demand
Support and training was provided at all stages of the pilot Financial support, education and training were integral components of the
implementation strategy. A handbook and other material was developed to aid physicians the â€oehandboek invoering EMD/WDH€ (Handbook for the Introduction of the EMD/WDH
in accordance with the ADEMD guidelines (Dutch College of General Practitioners guideline for the â€oeadequate Management of the Electronic
4. 1 Learning platform 12 4. 2 Tool set 12 4. 3 Recommendations on innovation support to SMES 14
an operational platform for mutual learning and collaboration The winning bid1 was from a consortium
learning platform 2. Propose and test new approaches to innovation support. This objective has been linked to
peer reviews and twinning. An example of this is the pre-commercial procurement that in many countries is a new approach on demand
and learning from, good practices To facilitate the process, IPF has developed a common framework that has served three main
•A learning platform that facilitates collaboration and learning among innovation support organisations based on good practices
•A tool-set supporting identification, assessment and transfer of good practices between innovation support organisations and policy
The learning platform developed by IPF has been based on the assumption that learning requires a common language with which good
practices can be discussed and exchanged among participants and it needs a methodology that guides users on how to analyse and transfer
Furthermore, the learning platform needs users †a communityâ€) that apply the language and the
and learning processes active in between physical meetings. One observation is that IT tools not have been able to alleviate these
for agencies for the learning and the transfer of practises. However, the tools have been best for
-IPF as a learning platform that facilitates collaboration and learning among organisations providing innovation support services to SMES
-IPF as a provider of tools that facilitates on the one hand the identification, assessment and
learned from the network/learning platform, the tools that have been used and from the analysis of the central policy themes.
mutual learning and exchange of experiences, with the objective to improve the overall quality and
Mutual learning should also include reflections on how to remove existing barriers for the use of â€oebetter practiseâ€
group should stimulate mutual learning and cooperation between public innovation support service providers across Europe and prepare
2. Carry out peer reviews (mandatory) to search for better practices in providing innovation support services. The main objective of this task
was to organise peer reviews through visiting programmes aimed at assessing current support mechanisms and searching for better practices
4. Foster mutual learning by facilitating staff exchanges (optional) between public innovation funding agencies from different countries
emphasis on learning from trial and error has emerged. This is shift has occurred due to the complexity and the difficulty in modelling
establishment of a mutual learning platform 2. Propose and test new approaches to innovation support.
peer reviews and twinning. An example of this is the pre-commercial procurement that is a new approach on demand side support in many
IPF has focused on identifying and learning from good practices as well as developing new ones. In order to do this, IPF has started with the
learning & development Tools Peer review WP 2 Twinning WP 3 EFQM WP 4 SDS guidelines
the learning and transfer process, as illustrated in Figure 1 Five of these work packages have focused
2. Work package 2 included peer reviews of European agencies and programmes in order to identify and to analyse good practises
5. Work package 5 included peer reviews of good practices at innovation agencies outside of Europe
learning between agencies. The Commission has also been interested in establishing a forum for a better dialogue with national and regional SME
of the learning platform. The IPF has arranged two council meetings per year where the group has
three sections, the first on the learning platform as such, the second on the tool set used to support
4. 1 Learning platform The learning platform developed by IPF has been based on the following approach
•Learning requires a common language by which identification, assessment and transfer of good practices can be discussed and exchanged
among participants. Hence, a common conceptual model adapted to the task of IPF was developed, introduced
•A learning platform also needs a methodology or work processes that guides users on how the
•A learning platform needs users (†a communityâ€) that applies the language and process.
panels and as hosts for peer reviews. This has extended the community of users beyond the
•Learning happens in the interaction and meeting between people. IPF has therefore invested in developing
•The learning platform has used â€oelearning-by -doing†as a principle which has been preferred to reading reports.
•The learning platform has raised the awareness and knowledge of how transferability can be supported and the challenges and limitations
learning processes alive in between the physical meetings. The IT tools have not alleviated these problems:
•A learning platform like the one used in in the IPF needs maintenance and management
electronic verison) of this report) for learning and transferring of practises The key processes identifying,
•Peer reviews have been beneficial for identifying good practises and it seems like it has been easier for the group to engage in
the conduct of peer reviews •However, there are areas for improvement such as how to elaborate on transferability and
•Peer reviews outside of Europe are more challenging due to language issues, incentives and shorter time frames for reviews.
of peer reviews Twinning •Twinning has been successful and three out of four of the countries that were involved actively
•Peer reviews cannot completely analyse transferability and hand over design recommendations; instead, the design recommendations have to be developed as a
with Twinning advanced, involving learning between experienced actors. Twinning advanced can also involve a less advanced actor that
method to introduce operational learning among agencies and as a tool to constantly improve operations
•Training activities would be needed if the framework is to be spread and become used
peer reviews of The irish initiative for High -Potential Startups, the Scottish Proof of Concept programme, the Finnish VIGO-and Young
for learning, both in formal and in informal ways. Findings and lessons learned have had an
performing peer reviews, twinningâ's and EFQM -assessments do not happen automatically Continuation of these activities will probably
where learning and knowledge exchange can occur both directly and indirectly. The platform also fosters informal networks that can be used in their
•Provide education and courses and facilitate learning from peers •Develop and refine tools for learning, like Peer
Reviews, EFQM and Twinning •Be a platform that offers the service to assist agencies in learning through utilising the tools
•Host and manage a public online forum for discussions, like Linkedin group Innovation Policy Forum
•Work with capacity building in less developed countries and regions The remaining issues should be discussed and
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