institutions to be invited were the government itself, municipalities, universities, etc. to address all kinds of societal
European-wide knowledge institutes (such as the University of Delft, RWTH, Fraunhofer IPT, IMEC, TNO, ESA/Estec
partnership with universities. The mediators also play a fundamental role as integration outreach workers. Because
sector, universities, regional developers, specialists, financiers and regional, national and international networks The created concept has increased trust between the actors
It includes the rectors of the three universities, the chief executive of the cooperative group Mondragon
using their full potential requires nothing less than a combination of †the deep strategies of chess masters
Universities have been encouraged to improve the quality of the courses they offer by making them more responsive to student†s needs;
rate below 10%and more young people in higher education or equivalent vocational education (at least 40),
Innovation in Higher education (No -vember 2013) and Measuring the impact of university-business cooperation 109 Several FP7 research projects (Programme Social sciences and Humanities) delivered results relevant for this
flagship initiative. See the policy reviews: †Adult and continuing education in Europe: Using public policy to
Ministers, Members of the European parliament, business leaders, deans of universities and research centres, bankers and venture capitalists, top researchers, innovators and
the modern university through social innovation to cutting-edge technologies; the focus was on citizens (including young people) and society;
incubator at local or regional level, including universities and business networks. The two networks have a broad geographical coverage across the EU
conclusions and upcoming European quality framework on Early childhood education and care to empower children from an early age to improve their chances in life;
for the Modernisation of Higher education and Council Conclusions of 28-29 Novem -ber 2011 stress the links between higher education, research and innovation, putting
the emphasis on attracting a broader cross-section of society into higher education including disadvantaged and vulnerable groups,
to progress towards the Europe 2020 headline target and encouraging partnership between professional institutions, universi
-ties, business and high-tech centres or higher education institutions that drive economic development in the territories where they are located
higher education Specific initiatives are also being developed to increase the focus on the outcomes of higher education and their relevance for students and society.
a new performance-based ranking and information tool for profiling higher education institutions, moving away from a mono-dimensional research focused approach to uni
data on European higher education learning mobility and employment in cooperation with Eurostat Furthermore, a European Alliance for Apprenticeships has been established to drive
194 http://www. u-portal. org/u multirank /Structured Dialogue The structured dialogue project allows young people and their
y University & Schools: to involve young generations and teachers in defining the most effective way to communicate
the potential for action, notably on higher education dropout and completion; on the balance between public and private funding (cost-sharing),
University of Chicago Press 11. Nooteboom, B. 2000) †Learning and Innovation in Organisations and Economies. †Oxford
between research done in universities and practitioners in government and elsewhere. The best think tanks can act as catalysts, combining
Within universities the usual form is a grant, often with few conditions to allow a group of
providers to buy research in universities; or to club together to commission incubators (being tested by the ESRC
Pratham provides primary education to some of India†s most deprived children. Images courtesy of the Pratham team
In March 2007, The University of Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership and The Climate Project designed
More than 460 Barefoot Solar Engineers trained by the Barefoot College of Tilonia, Rajasthan, India have electrified solar homes in rural communities
Image courtesy of Barefoot College 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 99 201) Growth through collaboration. Collaborations are used often to
University. Chapter 5; see also Strang, D. and Soule, S. A. 1998) Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements:
dramatic expansions of higher education, and the spread of democracy A good example is the transformation of how household waste is handled
links with top universities such as Imperial and UCL, as well as with big firms like Glaxosmithkline and Pfizer.
personal finance to new models of university. The key is that in every example systemic change involves the interaction of ideas, movements, models, and
•Secondary school •Age first pregnancy ULTIMES MEASURES •Income rates •Accumulated assets Nike Foundation-Strategic Framework
Examples include the College of Health, and Forum for the Future. Mondragon University and Centro Popular de
Cultura e Desenvolvimento (Brazil) go further, giving students the experience of working in small social enterprises.
digital learning environments such as colleges in second life 255) Comprehensive pilots, such as the Bastoey Island prison in Norway
King†s College. Available at http://www. kcl. ac. uk/depsta/law/research/icps/downloads/justice-reinvestment-2007. pdf
support, higher education, innovation, and science. Another example is the Office of Social Innovation (OSI), based in the White house, which
Mars in Toronto links a university, a hospital, research labs and a business incubator, alongside a social innovation investment fund
295) Innovation universities and research departments, such as Finland†s new Aalto University, launched in 2010 as a result of the
merger of the Technical University, the Business school, and the School CONNECTING PEOPLE, IDEAS AND RESOURCES 135
of Arts and Design. They can become centres of expertise and training for civil servants, social entrepreneurs, nonprofit organisation managers
learning labs within universities. Examples include the Innovation and Action Lab based in Brussels (developed by i-propeller), The London
Economics, and the Catholic University of Leuven. There is also the Poverty Action Lab at MIT which tests out alternative interventions
such as those for higher education, elder care and environmental investment 380) Charitable status extended to allow tax allowances on
Graduate school, University of West indies, and the Hong kong Polytechnic University. The Ford Foundation is a founding donor of the
Innovations in American Government Awards South africa set up the Centre for Public service Innovation (CPSI) in 2002 and now runs regular awards.
2003 in the UK to allow schools, colleges, local authorities and trusts to ask the Minister to suspend
This technique is employed by Do Something, College Summit, and Teach for America 411) Grants as investment including tapered grant funding, public equity
high schools across America; and the Prosperity Initiative; which creates sectoral partnerships to stimulate industries that create income and
School, University of Oxford. Available at: http://www. sbs. ox. ac. uk/centres/skoll/research
the University of Mondragã n in Spain; the Sekem Academy in Egypt for the research and study of agriculture, pharmaceuticals and medicine
and the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Pollenzo and Colorno in Northern Italy, which has grown out
Wales whereby institutions like local authorities, schools, colleges and housing associations grant time credits for various kinds of volunteer
Ludwig Fleck, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1979
Aalto University 134 Abecedarian Project 111 Academies 116; 192; 185 Accelerators 135 Accountability 3; 68-69;
Barefoot College 98 Bastoey Island Prison 117 BBC 26; 104; 155 Beacon Awards 88 Bebo 138
College of Health 116 Commons 76; 178; 200 Commissioning & procurement 56-57 88-92
Mondragon University 116 Moore, Mark 7; 104 Moveon 41 Mozilla Firefox 139 M-Pesa 115;
and Melbourne University. His latest book is The Art of Public Strategy: mobilising power and knowledge for the common good
success with ventures such as the Open university, †Which? â€, the School for Social Entrepreneurs and Healthline (the precursor of NHS Direct.
Innovation Policy Intervention Project, led by the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (University of Manchester) and funded by Nesta,
and findings from the DSI research and how data analysts from Lodz University of Technology could
Research Council, The Open university Business school, the Society for the Advancement of Management Studies and the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES.
Project, led by the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (University of Manchester) and funded by Nesta, conclude that there is not much evidence of impact and,
-private partnership constituted by three universities, around ten firms and the Secretary for the Information
research has a prominent status, especially due to the participation of three technological universities However, a great deal of effort is devoted to experimental innovation
-cation colleges. This was a period when many came to see civic and charitable organizations as too parochial, paternalist,
University college London and Melbourne University This paper draws on a report titled â€oesocial Silicon valleys: A manifesto for social
Wikipedia and the Open university; holistic health care and hospices; microcredit and consumer cooperatives; the fair trade movement
including the Open university and its parallels around the world, Which? the School for Social Entrepreneurs,
first private higher education institution in South africa to offer a virtually free business degree to students from disadvantaged backgrounds. 5 These individual
some linked to universities some linked to companies, and some focused on particular problems, including
been made to understand social innovation in some universities, including Stanford, Duke, and Harvard. However, these endeavors have focused on individ
and Sussex Universities linking social innova -tion to broader patterns of technological change. Nor has much use been made of
University Press, 1983; M. Njihoff, The Political economy of Innovation (The hague: Kingston 1984 2. Michael Young, inspiration for the Young Foundation, was judged by Harvard University†s
Two key features of the university are (1) its partnerships with a great number of businesses in the design and delivery of all programs,
University Press, 2004 18. For a thorough analysis of open source methods and their great potential, see G. Mulgan and
Northeastern University in Boston, KCR, Economist, Deloitte research â€oeyoung people increasingly view cars as appliances not aspirations, and say that
6) Inspired by work of Thomas Kurz, Salzburg University of Applied sciences Fig. 2 The stack view of the Digital Business
based on the business school of the University of Central England acting as the Regional Catalyst, but partly
University of Chicago Press Baudrillard, J (ï oe975. The Mirror of Production, Mark Poster (trans.
VUB University Press David S. â€oeon Sourcescapes and Filescapes: Towards a Critique of the Political economy of Free/Open source Software
and Peer-to-peer File sharing Networksâ€, Cornell University http://www. shaydavid. info/indexpapers. html, last accessed ï oe/7/07
Paper, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark European commission (200ï oea. Communication from the Commission:
The Hard Problem for Artiï cial Lifeâ€, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Halpin, H (2006b.
VUB University Press Varela, Francisco J, and H r Maturana (ï oe973). De Máquinas y Seres Vivos:
ES/L00271x/1) and the Open university Business school. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewer of the initial draft of this paper for their insightful comments
Maria Savona SPRU University of Sussex Peter Corbett Advisory board Code for America, US Sasha Costanza-Choc MIT Department of Comparative Media Studies, US
For instance, The Open university, based in the United kingdom, and other models of distance learning have made education much more widely availa
which is born out of collaboration between Arduino and designers in the Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction design at SUSPI in Lugano.
bodies and universities to business and third sector organisations. Below we give a short description of the
Universities and other research-driven organisations such as think thanks, unsurprisingly play a big role in
-nally developed in a university setting. Arduino, the open hardware circuit board was, for example, original -ly developed by students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy
and universities to big charities and public museums support the development of Digital Social Innovations by hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing
Silicon valley, which gives them funding often despite their lack of formal university degrees or institution
World series of the Robocup Junior (for high school students. When Arduino cofounder Massimo Banzi was approached to make an educa
University of Tilburg Consolidating and packaging existing practices and assets into a technological framework and reference architecture that enables the
-ers from universities, NGOS and SMES established in 10 EU Member States. All members, including organisations
of design labs, design schools and design-oriented universities, actively involved in promoting and supporting sustainable change.
universities that work alongside local, regional and global partners to promote and support social change towards sustainability
universities and can be extensions of already existing entities or new specifically established ones What is the social impact it
Universities and Colleges of Design, Art and Media (CUMULUS). DESIS also establishes special partnerships with private companies, nonprofit
based in the UK) and conducted by the University of Bath to explore the effectiveness of digital storytelling.
Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany The main driver behind Everyaware is the belief that †the current organ
the Center for the Future of Work, Heinz College and Carnegie mellon University); ) found that people make a surprisingly rich set of social
inferences from the networked activity information in Github, such as inferring someone else†s technical goals
-ple from local fab labs, research centres, universities, and also individuals who are evangelical about Maker Faires and the whole maker move
all of the politicians who attended a specific college A database of parliamentary transcripts linked to the individual speak
location of pharmacies, kindergartens or one-way streets) and newâ e-ser -vices are being added and updated continuously
Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan Mycroft, a team based at the University of Cambridge†s Computer Laboratory.
MIT Media Lab and Keio University, and is set up as a private nonprofit organisation History & Mission Safecast was founded by Sean Bonner, Joi Ito and Pieter Franken after
one case study of Safecast from researchers at University of Southern California describe how the collaboration around Safecast through
University, Uncorked Studios, and Global Survey Corp, among others What are the main barriers to innovate?
Barcelona, and faculty at IAAC, who initiated the Smart Citizen project is specialized an urbanist in digital fabrication and its implications on
-veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
this Tor received support from research partners at the University of Wa -terloo (Canada), the University of Cambridge (United kingdom), Georgia
Institute of technology and many others around the globe. Tor is able to leverage research and academic advancements to develop circumvention
the resourceful geo-coding efforts of Anna Schultz at Tufts University among others What is the role of the organisation
developers and educators primarily coming from universities and public institutions 214 History and mission Zooniverse grew from the original Galaxy Zoo project first launched
Overburdened academic departments very often have neither the time nor the resources to dedicate to processing this backlog of data.
Maria Savona SPRU University of Sussex Peter Corbett Advisory board Code for America, US Sasha Costanza-Choc MIT Department of Comparative Media Studies, US
For instance, The Open university, based in the United kingdom, and other models of distance learning have made education much more widely availa
which is born out of collaboration between Arduino and designers in the Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction design at SUSPI in Lugano.
bodies and universities to business and third sector organisations. Below we give a short description of the
Universities and other research-driven organisations such as think thanks, unsurprisingly play a big role in
-nally developed in a university setting. Arduino, the open hardware circuit board was, for example, original -ly developed by students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy
and universities to big charities and public museums support the development of Digital Social Innovations by hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing
Silicon valley, which gives them funding often despite their lack of formal university degrees or institution
World series of the Robocup Junior (for high school students. When Arduino cofounder Massimo Banzi was approached to make an educa
University of Tilburg Consolidating and packaging existing practices and assets into a technological framework and reference architecture that enables the
-ers from universities, NGOS and SMES established in 10 EU Member States. All members, including organisations
of design labs, design schools and design-oriented universities, actively involved in promoting and supporting sustainable change.
universities that work alongside local, regional and global partners to promote and support social change towards sustainability
universities and can be extensions of already existing entities or new specifically established ones What is the social impact it
Universities and Colleges of Design, Art and Media (CUMULUS). DESIS also establishes special partnerships with private companies, nonprofit
based in the UK) and conducted by the University of Bath to explore the effectiveness of digital storytelling.
Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany The main driver behind Everyaware is the belief that †the current organ
the Center for the Future of Work, Heinz College and Carnegie mellon University); ) found that people make a surprisingly rich set of social
inferences from the networked activity information in Github, such as inferring someone else†s technical goals
-ple from local fab labs, research centres, universities, and also individuals who are evangelical about Maker Faires and the whole maker move
all of the politicians who attended a specific college A database of parliamentary transcripts linked to the individual speak
location of pharmacies, kindergartens or one-way streets) and newâ e-ser -vices are being added and updated continuously
Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan Mycroft, a team based at the University of Cambridge†s Computer Laboratory.
MIT Media Lab and Keio University, and is set up as a private nonprofit organisation History & Mission Safecast was founded by Sean Bonner, Joi Ito and Pieter Franken after
one case study of Safecast from researchers at University of Southern California describe how the collaboration around Safecast through
University, Uncorked Studios, and Global Survey Corp, among others What are the main barriers to innovate?
Barcelona, and faculty at IAAC, who initiated the Smart Citizen project is specialized an urbanist in digital fabrication and its implications on
-veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
this Tor received support from research partners at the University of Wa -terloo (Canada), the University of Cambridge (United kingdom), Georgia
Institute of technology and many others around the globe. Tor is able to leverage research and academic advancements to develop circumvention
the resourceful geo-coding efforts of Anna Schultz at Tufts University among others What is the role of the organisation
developers and educators primarily coming from universities and public institutions 214 History and mission Zooniverse grew from the original Galaxy Zoo project first launched
Overburdened academic departments very often have neither the time nor the resources to dedicate to processing this backlog of data.
among universities and research centres, utilities, manufacturers, regulators and legislators must be fostered, not only for the successful development of new
the adequate technical staff trained by high level universities and other technical schools Networks are evolving:
•Higher education and skills issues With regards to education and skills, it is already evident that an insufficient number of well-trained
Professor, University of Dortmund, Germany Nickolas Hatziargyriou Professor, NTUA, Greece Nick Jenkins Professor, University of Manchester united Kingdom
Tahir Kapetanovic Director Electricity, Energie-Control Gmbh, Austria Urban Keussen Managing director, E. O. N. Netz Gmbh, Germany
Professor and Head of Centre for Electric Technology, Technical University of Denmark Carlo Sabelli Director Dispatching Activities, TERNA, Italy
Martin Charter, The Centre for Sustainable Designâ, University for the Creative Arts Meghan O†Brien, Wuppertal Institute
The Centre for Sustainable Designâ, University for the Creative Arts Martin Charter Acknowledgements We are grateful to a group of entrepreneurs and eco-innovators for providing us with valuable feedback on the draft
TRI-VIZOR, a spin-off from the University of Ant -werp in Belgium, developed an original horizontal
with an appropriate university or technical school Find suitable tools to assess (preferably †¢quantifiable) predicted impacts and enable
is now in use in higher education around the world. The eco-design approach followed training around an eco-design checklist
Charter et. al†Marketing & Sustainability BRASS (Cardiff University) and †¢The Centre for Sustainable Design, 2002
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA rovodo@gmail. com http://www. rei. ase. ro
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA paraschiv@inde. ro http://www. rei. ase. ro
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA anamarinoiu@yahoo. com http://www. rei. ase. ro
channelling the fruits of university and public R&d to enterprises Progress in each of the above areas will create a more
Schools and universities produce a steady flow of graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes, and these are
funding to deserving university, company and institute R&d programmes covering all sectors. Much of this is
Initiatives to encourage technology transfer from universities 29 Government leading the way in innovative use of ICT 35
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 33 Availability of specialist high tech qualifications in further and higher education 10
Policies to redress under-representation of women in ICT jobs 2 Financing schemes for ICT-related investment 22
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 43 Other 0 leased-line market, then local access markets, to new
Bart van Ark, an economist from the University of Grã ningen, believes restrictive product markets
Funding for university and research institute spin -offs is another area where Europe compares *For example, Van Ark and
volume of R&d work is conducted by universities and independent research institutes. In contrast to the US
however, links in Europe between university-based institutes and businesses remain weak Our own research and other studies reveal
The Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium (UCL, by its French acronym) provides a good, if all too rare
example of European efforts to bridge the university -company divide in research and development. In its own research as well as the science parks that it funds
the university stresses the importance of applied research that can be put directly to use by companies
between universities and industry. Danny O†Hare chairman of Ireland†s Information Society Commission, says the focus on R&d ensures talented
researchers are attracted into Ireland†s universities and institutes, and that to some extent the â€oebrain
the government, business and universities first to identify critical skill gaps, and then to change the
indirect stewardship of universities have considerable influence on how research institutes operate Nurturing European centres of R&d excellence that
SMES collectively to access the results of university or other R&d â encouraging universities to establish closer ties
with companies for R&d purposes; and â actively sponsoring pilot projects to demonstrate the benefits of R&d
out research to university-based institutes, but some need to be more flexible on issues of intellectual
universities interested. For their part, the universities need to show no lesser degree of flexibility.
Also, large firms such as Nokia, Ericsson and Philips have been extremely supportive of community-based pilot
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 33 Initiatives to encourage technology transfer from universities 29
Encouragement of foreign direct investment in ICT sector 23 Financing schemes for ICT-related investment 22
Availability of specialist high tech qualifications in further and higher education 10 Policies to attract ICT skilled immigrants 10
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 43 Government schemes to promote universal access to PCS and Internet 41
Percentage of the population age group 30-34 who have completed tertiary education, by country in the EU-27, in 2011.24
interconnectedness †together with rising levels of education in many parts of the world †have enabled a
students in tertiary education has soared since the 2000s, increasing by 78%between 2000 and 2010 from a total of 2 million to 3. 6 million.
Such policies may also increase the globalisation of higher education and of associated changes in values
financial crisis has led to increases in the number of students enrolled in higher education institutes as education is seen as an alternative to unemployment.
E. 3. 1 on educational attainment in tertiary education. This trend, which is corroborated by the discussion in the Delphi exercise, is likely to continue into the coming decades (Lewis & Verhoeven 2010
forms, with the potential effect of increasing participation in higher education †especially in countries where enrolment rates are currently low.
number of universities offering online courses educational reform, unmet demand on labour market for certain skills ++Medium term Need to make educational systems
BBC News,"End of Empire for Western Universities?""BBC website, 2012. As of 08/03/2013
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University of Oxford 21-24 september 2011.2011 Duvell, F. 2011.""Paths into Irregularity: The Legal and Political Construction of Irregular Migration
European University Institute, 2011 Fine, D.,A. van Vamelen, S. Lund, A. Cabral, M. Taoufiki, N. Dorr, A. Leke, C. Roxburgh, J. Schubert
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Kahn, L. B. 2010) â€oethe long-term labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad
Cornell University Press, 1998 Kenworthy, L.,"The High-Employment Route to Low Inequality,"Challenge, Vol. 52, No. 5, 2009, pp
Levin,"The rise of Asia†s universities,"2010. http://www. hepi. ac. uk/483-1780/Seventh-HEPI-Annual
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"How the Great Recession Affected Higher education: University of Chicago Press, 2012 Lusk, Jayson L. 2011. â€oechapter 10:
Consumer Preferences for Genetically Modified Food†in Colin A Carter, Giancarlo Moschini, Ian Sheldon (ed.)Genetically Modified Food and Global Welfare (Frontiers
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††â€, The future of higher education 2030, OECD, 2009 ††â€, Risk and Regulatory Policy;
hysteresis and heterogeneity in the market for college graduates. †NBER Working Paper No 12159
RICS Foundation, University of Salford, The Futures Academy, and King Sturge,"Built Environment Foresight 2030:
Dutch University Press, 2004 ††â€, Reproductive Decision-making in a Macro-Micro Perspective (REPRO) Synthesis and Policy
Vaira, Massimiliano,"Globalization and higher education organizational change: A framework for analysis,"Higher education, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2004, pp. 483-510
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