UK public policy and open innovation Charles Levy and Benjamin Reid September 2011 The Big Innovation Centre is an initiative of The Work Foundation and Lancaster University.
universities and public bodies to research and propose practical reforms with the ambition of making the UK a global open innovation hub as part of the urgent task of rebalancing and growing the UK economy,
a major initiative from The Work Foundation and Lancaster University, will examine how the UK can position itself to be a major global innovation hub in 2025.
and investigation undertaken by the Big Innovation Centre, a groundbreaking new initiative from The Work Foundation and Lancaster University.
including SMES and Universities, although the concept of open innovation needs to be shifted slightly from that frequently articulated. •Finally,
nuclear reactors, mainframe computers Largely internal ideas Low labour mobility Little venture capital activity Few, weak start-ups Universities unimportant Examples of industries:
PCS, movies Many external ideas High labour mobility Active venture capital Numerous start-ups Universities important Source: Chesbrough (2003) With open innovation such a widely deployed term for describing organisational activities,
The evolving focuses of our universities (exemplified by the changing impact assessment guidelines) and the open nature of the Technology Strategy Board or research funding applications are good examples of this.
•Universities †face the challenge of rethinking their position within the value chain to identify additional revenue streams;
Universities Arguably, universities have been practicing a form of open innovation practice since their mediaeval origins:
This perspective on universities†role in the innovation ecosystem suggests a deeper and more complex engagement with †open†innovation than the slogan of a recent shift by UK universities from †ivory towers to knowledge brokersâ€
UK Public policy and open innovation Nonetheless, changes to innovation value chains wrought by the changes labelled †open innovation†do present challenges to universities,
Universities in the UK are challenged increasingly †particularly by government †to diversify funding streams,
For example the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act in the US sought to encourage entrepreneurial spin-off companies from US universities by allowing them to retain intellectual property rights from research activities which were funded originally government.
Some UK universities have looked, in turn to follow this model, and shift their role in the innovation value chain from creation to a greater degree of innovation value capture,
and exploitation role has provided undoubtedly a challenge for universities to reposition themselves in relation to their multiple roles in the innovation ecosystem.
Universities also have a greater level of tension in relation to national policy, some voices pressuring universities to †pay their way†more directly †that they should look to protect their native IP as much as possible â€
while others suggest that they should act as purely open †public good†institutions, the better to allow maximum outflow of knowledge and innovation into the national economy.
university activities to support development of innovation, or to support use of innovation, are most effective according to where they operating at different points within innovation value chains and networks.
The challenge for universities is to be able to make decisions regarding the balance of openness in their role between the value to business and the value to the national economy. 16 Cohen, Wesley, M.,Nelson, Richard, R.,Walsh
The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&dâ€, Management Science, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp1-23 17 Lambert, R. 2003) Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration:
The Big Innovation Centre, a major new initiative from The Work Foundation and Lancaster University, will be driving forward this analysis and commentary.
3. Universities and public research organisations as interactive partners within the innovation system †will consider the support/incentives offered to universities here
Journal of International Business studies, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 124-141 Lambert, R. 2003) Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration:
UK Public policy and open innovation Acknowledgements This report is a publication from the Big Innovation Centre, an initiative from The Work Foundation and Lancaster University.
The Big Innovation Centre is supported by the following companies, public bodies, universities and private trusts. 44 Missing an open goal?
UK Public policy and open innovation We are supported by a university consortium. 45 Missing an open goal?
. biginnovationcentre. com www. theworkfoundation. com Contact details All rights reserved  Big Innovation Centre (The Work Foundation and Lancaster University.
Landec Ltd, University House, Lancaster University, Lancashire LA1 4yw. Cover Design: Bison bison 2011
FORFÃ S EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE SUPPORTS FOR START-UPS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1 EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE SUPPORTS FOR START-UPS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2 Table of contents Executive Summary 3 1 Background
Approximately 75 per cent of Irish university spin outs go on to raise venture capital and 66 per cent of the SMES collaborating within the Science Foundation Ireland Funded Centres for Science,
Fund II â 138. 7m 17 40 Yes 4th Level Ventures University Seed Fund â 17. 2m 13 79 Yes Total Funds
and draws on the expertise of local universities and industry experts The High Growth Start-up Programme targets start-ups in high technology sectors and provides coaching
which is based in the University of Linkã ping, and SMIL a local business association whose membership is composed of small technology-based firms in the region. 154 Appendix III:
including the Glostrup Hospital of the University of Copenhagen. These contacts introduced the founders to the science of sleep and the clinical practice of sleep medic ine.
In this case, most technologies are developed co with knowledge partners such as universities, research labs, and lead-customers.
and technologies developed at universities, research labs, or large companies. Finally, small firms must make choices 32 about the way they will profit from their technology.
Dingens wanted to collaborate with the University of Hasselt and knowledge partner Sirris to develop a completely new instrument The new barometer should have the same advantages of the mercury barometer (accurate, legible, durable, and decorative),
therefore, developing technology based business opportunities should no longer be limited to university and corporate spin-offs. Start-ups can use their organizational agility, application know-how,
or market intelligence to commercialize technologies that they license from universities or larger, technology-savvy companies.
Examples include newsletters from universities and knowledge centers and publications of Design Vlaanderen among others.
and a few additional knowledge partners such as universities, research labs, and knowledge intermediaries. This strong reliance on value chain partners is partially due to the fact that most companies are active in low-and medium-tech industries.
Therefore, they visited several renowned sleep institutes located in Danish hospitals such as the Glostrup Hospital of the University of Copenhagen.
where universities would be invited to participate in the product days with their own ideas. They would also have access to factory resources
Universities, research labs, crowds of experts, lead users, and knowledge brokers are just a few examples of potential external sources of kn owledge.
Developing new flavors has traditionally been completed with different universities in Europe, with DSM, and with other innovation partners.
including several European universities, research labs, DSM and other value chain partners. The technology licensed from DSM is a technological plat form that can be used for different applications.
it could build on the reputation of DSM to get access to universities, technology labs, and commercial partners.
established companies are increasingly aware of the growing technological capabilities of universities, research labs, and high-tech start-ups.
Philips relies recurrently on new technologies from universities, specialized research labs, and high-tech start-ups. The electronic giant endeavors to be preferred the partner for small,
Partners may be technology partners such as universities, research labs, or other companies, but in most cases these are not the most important partners in the network.
institutional sources (universities and university colleges (v), government and public research organizations (vi)), and other available sources (professional and industrial associations (vii), trade fairs, exhibitions,
universities (v; and public research organizations (vi. Collaborative innovation is captured by calculating the average score of the six questionnaire items registering the firm†s use of coopera tive agreements with innovation partners.
Osterwalder, A. 2004), The business model ontology †a proposition in a design science approach, Ph d. Thesis University Lausanne, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales HEC. 173 p;
University college Dublin Ciaran Mcgarrity Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment Eddie Friel University of Ulster Eoin Magennis Intertradeireland Ian Hughes Forfã¡
s John Smith Enterprise Ireland John Thompson Queen†s University Belfast Kirsty Mcmanus Confederation of British Industry Má
and •Occasional joint interventions of public research organisations (through Universities Ireland. 8 10 NESTA, Measuring wider framework conditions for successful innovation (January 2011). 13 Actors Function in innovation ecosystem Businesses •Conceive of radical innovations
and support universities and research institutes with their third stream. •Identifying and supporting the development of new technologies and new markets.
Still others believe innovation pertains only to the research and development (R&d) activity occurring at universities, national laboratories, and corporations.
Dr. Atkinson received his Ph d. in City and Regional Planning from the University of North carolina at Chapel hill in 1989.
and acceleration of startups and so the introduction of more of these vibrant hotspots could be completely transformational to The irish ecosystem Universities in many countries are hotbeds of innovation.
what university professors have known for centuries: make some regular time available, and the people who really want it will go out of their way to show up
Ireland†s universities in the 80s had many innovative programmes in computing and communications, which were very current with trends in the industry.
There is no one person, university government organisation or financier who can possibly be the head of an entrepreneurial ecosystem.
such as the public sector financiers, universities, professional services organisations, etc. There are a number of highly engaged government agencies in Ireland with plugged-in
universities and institutes of technology should play a critical role in being †feeders†into the entrepreneurial pipeline.
We encourage the new direction of HEIS that enables companies to engage directly with graduate students without any intellectual property ownership being claimed by the university,
Introduce a Framework for companies to provide contracts to university graduate students for thesis work without clouding IP ownership. 34.
and university pays for 2/3rds of research. All of the increase in IPP funding should go to SME businesses. 35.
or an MBA while conducting their thesis research at a small marginal cost to the university as the student is enrolled already.
Universities should offer their Phd students a Masters course in business at half price, while the students are conducting their thesis. 39.
Training on commercialisation or entrepreneurship should be provided to every Phd student and Post Doc via mandatory programmes held every semester by the universities. 40.
Introduce a Framework for companies to provide contracts to university graduate students for thesis work without clouding IP ownership. 34.
and university pays for 2/3rds of research. All of the increase in IPP funding should go to SME businesses.
Universities should offer their Phd students a Masters course in business at half price, while the students are conducting their thesis. 39.
Training on commercialisation or entrepreneurship should be provided to every Phd student and Post Doc via mandatory programmes held every semester by the universities. 40.
Leading the entrepreneurial university: Meeting the entrepreneurial development needs of higher education institutions. In Universities in Change (pp. 9-45.
Springer New york. Greene, F. J.,Mole, K, . & Storey, D. J. 2008). Three decades of enterprise culture?
the universities and the Institutes of Technology to bring together the State†s support structures in a way that works for the entrepreneur.
The Government funds Campus Incubation facilities on every university and Institute of technology and these accommodate over 350 companies and over 1, 500 people.
Through EI, the Government funds Campus Incubation facilities at every university and Institute of technology. These incubators house over 350 companies and over 1, 500 people. 5. 3. 3 Co-working Space The Entrepreneurship Forum highlighted the importance of the availability of co-working spaces
of which are operated for the government by industrial firms, nonprofit research institutes or universities. The 2014 Source-Performer Matrix Performer of R&d So ur ce o f Fu nd s Source:
The sequester-associated reductions in 2013 U s. R&d had pronounced a effect on university research activity, among other areas.
As a group, the nation†s research universities are the second largest performer of U s. R&d, accounting for 13%of the U s. total,
•Academia performs about 60%of all U s. basic research. •Federal funding for academia will increase 2. 5%in 2014. •U s. universities continue to lead world rankings. â€
The scale of university research activity is indicated by 2011 spending, which is the most recent year for
including Johns hopkins university (including the Applied Physics laboratory), the University of Michigan at Ann arbor, the University of Washington at Seattle,
the University of Wisconsin at Madison (including WARF), Duke university, the University of California at San diego and the Massachusetts institute of technology (including Lincoln Laboratory).
At the system level, the University of California and the University of Texas topped the list, accounting for $5. 4 billion and $2. 5 billion in research, respectively.
Looking ahead, funding at these institutions will continue to be among the $63 billion expected to be spent on U s. academic research in 2014â€
Sequestration impacting U s. universities Strong Position Masks Emerging Concerns The Times Higher education (THE) World University Rankings reflect continued leadership of U s. educational institutions
S. U s. U s. Standing Among World†s Top Universities Source: Times Higher education rankings Despite this positive track record, the U s. academic research enterprise faces challenges, many of which were expressed as concerns by researchers responding to the survey on
Among the responses to these concerns is a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences entitled â€oeresearch Universities and the Future of America, â€
which makes ten recommendations that recognize the association between university research and U s. prosperity and security.
In Their Own Words Comment from the Battelle/R&d Magazine Global Researcher Survey Over the coming years, it will be increasingly critical to clarify the role of universities and their relationship to corporations in technology development.
both in terms of the university teaching mission and the research carried out at universities. If universities are expected to perform as for-profit companies,
driven by short-term returns on investment, then the foundations upon which major high-risk scientific discoveries are made will eventually erode.
although European universities are regarded well in global standings. •Survey results indicate that U s. applied research is viewed more favorably than Europe,
European universities place second only to U s. universities in the latest Times Higher education World Rankings,
with about 71 European universities ranked in the Top 400, compared to 77 U s. universities.
THE rankings are based on 13 performance indicators in areas involving teaching research, knowledge transfer and global outlook.
The U k. had the largest number of European universities in the top 400 list with 29.
Universities have become increasingly important sources of innovation and collaboration in life science research in applied areas like drug discovery,
Battelle, R&d Magazine Basic Research Applied Research Development Consulting & Other Total Academia/University 29%25%1%1%56%Research Institute
and likewise the same as university and government R&d. While there are differences in the research being undertaken,
the United states ranked just twenty-eighth out of thirty-four nations studied by the OECD in 2010.17 And in terms of government investment in university research, of thirty-nine nations,
exactly as predicted by financial experts PAGE 15 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 like Aswath Damodaran, professor of business at the Stern School of business at New york University.
Still Lagging and Showing No Signs of Improvement†(ITIF, December 2013), http://www2. itif. org/2013-university-research-funding-no-sign-improvement. pdf. 19.
Dr. Atkinson received his Ph d. in City and Regional Planning from the University of North carolina at Chapel hill in 1989.
and linkages are growing strongly. 4 Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2014: The Global Innovation Index 2014:
including over 211,000 students enrolled in third-level courses across Ireland†s universities and institutes of technology.
Hospital Holles St to the St vincent's University Hospital campus, and the primary care infrastructure programme and a considerable number of smaller health care infrastructure projects across the country. ï§Invest â 107 million in capital funding,
under stu University Ho nnovation Hu lation of Linc the Respirat the engagem e patient car lications for visitation for ucation;
D/Health) 293 Publication and enactment of Technological University Bill. DES) 294 Use the standardisation system intelligently to expedite the commercialisation of new technology
ESDN Office at the Institute for Managing Sustainability Vienna University of Economics and Business Welthandelsplatz 1, Building D1, A-1020 Vienna, Austria E:
Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol. Report produced for the European commission DG Environment, February 2014.
The example we are showcasing here is the famous experience of the Grameen Bank started by university professor Muhammad Yunus in 1976,
After returning from his graduate studies in the US to be a university professor in Bangladesh
Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol. Report produced for the European commission DG Environment, February 2014.
robin. roche@utbm. fr). E. Kyriakides is with the University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus (e-mail:
and also with Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco (e-mail: abdellatif. miraoui@utbm. fr). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIA. 2012.2199730 in the distribution milieu since the latter has traditionally been considered as user end points of service,
4 JULY/AUGUST 2012 Marcelo Godoy Simã es (S†89†SM€ 98) received the B. S. and M. S. degrees from the University of SãO Paulo
, SãO Paulo, Brazil, in 1985 and 1990, respectively, the Ph d. degree from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, in 1995,
and the D. Sc. degree (Livre-Docã ncia) from the University of SãO Paulo in 1998.
and the M. Sc. and Ph d. degrees in electrical engineering from Arizona State University, Tempe, in 2001 and 2003, respectively.
He is currently an Assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer engineering, University of Cyprus
where he serves as the Site Director of the Center for Research and Education in Wind and as a 2011†2012 Resident Faculty Fellow of the School of Global Environmental Sustainability.
He received the B. E. degree in electrical engineering from Hanoi University of Technology, Hanoi, in 2002, the M. Eng. degree in electrical engineering from the Asian Institute of technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand, in 2004,
Paulo F. Ribeiro (M†79†SM€ 88†F†03) received the Ph d. degree from the University of Manchester, Manchester, U k. He is currently an Associate professor of electrical engineering at the Tech-nische
He received the M. Sc. degree from Haute Alsace University, Mulhouse France, in 1988, and the Ph d. and Habilitation degrees from the University of Franche-Comtã, Besancon, France, in 1992 and 1999, respectively.
He is currently the President of Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco. Since 2000, he has been a Full professor of electrical engineering (electrical machines and energy) at the Universitã de Technologie de Belfort†Montbã liard1, Belfort, France,
where he was the Vice-president of Research Affairs from 2008 to 2011, the Director of the Electrical engineering Department from 2001 to 2009,
He is Doctor Honoris Causa of the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
â€oechevalier dans l†Ordre des Palmes Acadã miques. †He was distinguished also as an Honorary Professor by the Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches Editors Michal Miedzinski, Technopolis Group Belgium Martin Charter, The Centre for Sustainable Designâ, University for the Creative Arts
, University for the Creative Arts Martin Charter Acknowledgements We are grateful to a group of entrepreneurs and eco-innovators for providing us with valuable feedback on the draft version of this guide.
towards smart freight models TRI-VIZOR, a spin-off from the University of Antwerp in Belgium, developed an original horizontal cooperation based business model for freight transport.
you may choose to train a designer, contract an external consultancy or partner with an appropriate university or technical school.
al†Marketing & Sustainability BRASS (Cardiff University) and •The Centre for Sustainable Design, 2002 cfsd. org. uk/smart-know-net/smart-know-net. pdf The EU Eco-label helps identify products
why it matters and how it can be accelerate, University of Oxford, Skoll centre for social entrepreneurship, Murray, R.,Caulier-Grice, J.,Mulgar, G.,(2010).
University. The Young Foundation,(2010. The Young Foundation and the Web. Digital Social Innovation, working paper
MASSIMILIANO GRANIERI Assistant professor at the University of Foggia Law school ANDREA RENDA Research Fellow, CEPS TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword...
To be sure, Europe already features world-leading industries and a few high-ranked universities. In the past few years, the budget for R&d has been increased
and IP management in universities and public research organisations The †Third Mission†launched by the Lisbon Agenda for universities requires specialised human resources that universities should be able to form
A NEW APPROACH TO INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 9 EU institutions should devote efforts to improving the †professionalisation†of the management of public-funded universities and research institutions.
which led to 215 responses from universities and research institutions, companies, governments, non-governmental organisations and individuals;
alliances with local companies and universities; mergers and acquisitions of local firms; and increasing research intensity of foreign production facilities.
For instance, see R. Polk Wagner, Understanding Patent Quality Mechanism, Public law and Legal Theory, University of Pennsylvania Law school, Research Paper No. 09-22, subsequently published as 157 U. Penn.
such as universities and public research organisations. 3. 3. 4 Create a unified patent litigation system with an acceptable level of centralisation Costs
-Public-private technology transfer, meaning the transfer of research results generated by universities and public research institutions.
and available empirical data on the fact that European universities are good at sciences and technology,
and Japanese universities. 31 The situation is serious when considering the amount of funding that Europe is pouring into the R&d efforts of research and technology organisations (RTOS) and universities through framework programmes and other funds.
One major goal of any policy on innovation should be to pay more attention to the return on investment for public money devoted to research.
since funded institutions (universities, PROS, SMES) must be ready to harvest results and turn them into economic development.
the Commission is using soft law instruments to suggest good practices that universities should follow in technology transfer 31 This was also a point made by President Barroso in his speech at the European Innovation Summit, European parliament, 13 october 2009, Brussels
. 32 Commission Recommendation on the management of intellectual property in knowledge transfer activities and Code of practice for universities and other public research organisations,
incentives can be created for universities to perform better and reach that critical mass necessary for any successful strategy of technology transfer.
Enabling small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve greater benefit from standards and from involvement in standardisation, Rotterdam School of management, Erasmus University, at http://www. ecap-sme. org/documenti/primapagina
Enabling small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve greater benefit from standards and from involvement in standardisation, Rotterdam School of management, Erasmus University, 2009 (http://www. ecap-sme. org/documenti
actio n=display&doc id=5714&userservice id=1&request. id=0 European commission (2008), Recommendation on the management of intellectual property in knowledge transfer activities and Code of practice for universities and other public
R. 2009), Understanding Patent Quality Mechanism, Public law and Legal Theory, University of Pennsylvania Law school, Research Paper No. 09-22, subsequently published as 157 U. Penn.
Andrea Renda Massimiliano Granieri Senior Research Fellow Professor CEPS University of Foggia andrea. renda@ceps. eu mgranieri@luiss. it Mr. Hasan Alkas
NESCU Ph d. Daniela MITRAN Nicolae Titulescu University †Athenaeum†University Ph d. Student Adrian NICOLAU Bucharest SC Avangarde Technologies Consulting Abstract:
Ehud Kokia is the Director General of Maccabi Healthcare Services and Professor at the School of Public health Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel aviv University.
David P. Chinitz is Associate professor of Health Policy and Management at the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public health in Jerusalem
http://ssrn. com/abstract=1583446 Technology and Innovation Management W o r k i n g P a p e r Hamburg University
HAMBURG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (TUHH) Page 1 of 31 Knowledge for Growth †Industrial Research & Innovation (IRI) Barriers to Innovation in SMES:
By Rajnish Tiwari and Stephan Buse Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Research Project Global Innovation Institute of technology and Innovation Management Schwarzenbergstr. 95, D-21073 Hamburg
and/or universities and specialized research institutions (here jointly referred to as universities) at home or abroad;
and/or their willingness to cooperate, with universities abroad. Many survey participants expressed their desire to cooperate with universities on an international scale.
Over one-third of all such SMES however cited financial constraints as being a major hurdle for the cooperation.
Problems in International Cooperation with Universities The discussion above has brought to fore the chances and challenges that firms,
Germany†s Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in its latest report on the country†s technological performance expects a shortfall of 335,000 university graduates,
With 14 million young university graduates (with seven years or less of work experience) India†s talent pool is estimated to be the largest worldwide, overlapping Chinese talent pool by 50%and that of the USA
however need further ascertainment and are set to be examined by our further research under the aegis of â€oeresearch Project Global Innovation†(RPGI) at Institute of technology and Innovation Management at Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH).
Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung in ausgewã¤hlten Branchen, Hamburg University of Technology, online: http://www. tuhh. de/tim/ris-hamburg/befragung. html, last accessed:
Konzeption der empirischen Untersuchung in ausgewã¤hlten Branchen, Hamburg University of Technology, online: http://www. tuhh. de/tim/ris-hamburg/befragung. html, last accessed:
Innovationsmanagement in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, Working Paper No. 7, Hamburg University of Technology. Ylinenpã¤Ã¤,H. 1998:
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