They also draw on the broader public assets in the surrounding community, such as schools and universities
Michael E. Porter is the Bishop William Lawrence University Professor at Harvard university. He is a frequent contributor
and how it can be accelerate, University of Oxford, Skoll centre for social entrepreneurship Murray, R.,Caulier-Grice, J.,Mulgar, G.,(2010.
University The Young Foundation,(2010. The Young Foundation and the Web. Digital Social Innovation working paper
Atta Badii is a high-ranking professor at the University of Reading where he is Director of the Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, at the School of Systems
University (UK). ) Her research focuses on the socio-technical factors influencing the design and uptake of online deliberation and collective intelligence (CI) infrastructures for social
of Information Engineering and Computer science of the University of Trento (Italy. As a sociologist who has worked always in interdisciplinary environments,
and universities and, of course, citizens. The relationships and power dynamics that characterise social innovation initiatives is a research and political challenge that, again
CAPS projects involve a large spectrum of private and public companies, universities and research centres, online platforms and NGOS.
AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA-Barcelona, Spain †IMAGINATION FOR PEOPLE-France †IMINDS VZW-Brussels, Belgium
†LULEà UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, CENTRE FOR DISTANCE-SPANNING TECHNOLOGY-Sweden †LUNARIA, SOCIAL PROMOTION ASSOCIATION-Rome, Italy
†POLIBIENESTAR, UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA-Valencia, Spain †PURPOSE EUROPE-London, UK †RADBOUD UNIVERSITY-Nijmegen, The netherlands
†SIGMA ORIONIS-Sophia Antipolis, France †SOZIALHELDEN E. V.-Berlin, Germany †STICHTING DYNE.
†THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD-Sheffield, UK †THE UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH-Zurich, Switzerland †THE WAAG SOCIETY-The netherlands
†UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-Milano, Italy †UNIVERSITà T HEIDELBERG, GEOGRAPHISCHES INSTITUT-Heidelberg, Germany
†UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE-Florence, Italy †UNIVERSITY OF READING-Reading, UK †UNIVERSITY OF SURREY-Surrey, UK
†VELTI-Greece †WAAG SOCIETY-The netherlands †WIKIRATE E. V.-Berlin, Germany †WIKITALIA-Rome, Italy
†WIRTSCHAFTSUNIVERSITà T WIEN-Vienna, Austria †WWF SCHEIZ-Zurich, Switzerland †ZENTRUM FÃOER SOZIALE INNOVATION-Vienna, Austria
delivering the building blocks that enable businesses, schools, universities and associations to create their own fully-featured social networks and applications
Systems (AMCIS 2000), University of California, Long beach, August 2000 Badii A. 2008)' User-Intimate Requirements Hierarchy Resolution Framework (UI-REF
University Press Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. 2005) Why Do People Write for Wikipedia? Incentives to
Organisations, from grassroots movements, think-tanks and universities to big charities and public museums are hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and
University, based in the United kingdom, and other models of distance learning have made education much more widely available.
A report published by Nesta and University of Cambridge in November 2014 forecasts the growth of alternative finance (including peer-to-peer business lending, peer-to
universities and public research institutes, and could include DSI products and services generated, as well as new types of actors such as Fab Labs and makerspaces
as well as national research institutes and traditional universities. Building on existing schemes, such as innovation partnerships and PPPS with bigger telecommunications corporations, new schemes
for cities, regions, health authorities and universities to pilot large-scale DSI experiments around collaborative economy, direct
University Press D. Watts and S. Strogatz (1998 â€oecollective dynamics of †small-world†networksâ€.
a school, a university, a service centre, a train station, a business park, an ecomuseum, an incubator, a neighbourhood, etc.
and working on triple helix approaches to innovation involving universities, city administrations and the private sector.
SMES, with European wide knowledge institutes (such as the University of Delft, RWTH, Fraunhofer IPT, IMEC, TNO, ESA/Estec) and end cross border user organisations,
partnership with universities. The mediators play a fundamental role also as outreach agents of integration.
citizens, the third sector, universities, regional developers, specialists, financiers and regional national and international networks.
Universities/Supplier: Univisio Ltd. was developing a mattress with a built-in passive alarm sensor suitable for elderly people.
The Living Lab enabled cooperation between Tampere University of Technology, the supplier and elderly care professionals.
University is based a broad centre doing research and action research on social innovation In Europe there are a number of centres in the public and third sector
and is hosted by the University of Stockholm ï IDEA69 is a local government development agency in the UK.
It includes the rectors of the three universities, the chief executive of the cooperative group Mondragon, representatives from three ministries as well as chief executives from leading
institutions to be invited were the government itself, municipalities, universities, etc. to address all kinds of societal
European-wide knowledge institutes (such as the University of Delft, RWTH, Fraunhofer IPT, IMEC, TNO, ESA/Estec
partnership with universities. The mediators also play a fundamental role as integration outreach workers. Because
sector, universities, regional developers, specialists, financiers and regional, national and international networks The created concept has increased trust between the actors
It includes the rectors of the three universities, the chief executive of the cooperative group Mondragon
Universities have been encouraged to improve the quality of the courses they offer by making them more responsive to student†s needs;
-vember 2013) and Measuring the impact of university-business cooperation 109 Several FP7 research projects (Programme Social sciences and Humanities) delivered results relevant for this
Ministers, Members of the European parliament, business leaders, deans of universities and research centres, bankers and venture capitalists, top researchers, innovators and
the modern university through social innovation to cutting-edge technologies; the focus was on citizens (including young people) and society;
incubator at local or regional level, including universities and business networks. The two networks have a broad geographical coverage across the EU
y University & Schools: to involve young generations and teachers in defining the most effective way to communicate
University of Chicago Press 11. Nooteboom, B. 2000) †Learning and Innovation in Organisations and Economies. †Oxford
between research done in universities and practitioners in government and elsewhere. The best think tanks can act as catalysts, combining
Within universities the usual form is a grant, often with few conditions to allow a group of
providers to buy research in universities; or to club together to commission incubators (being tested by the ESRC
In March 2007, The University of Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership and The Climate Project designed
University. Chapter 5; see also Strang, D. and Soule, S. A. 1998) Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements:
links with top universities such as Imperial and UCL, as well as with big firms like Glaxosmithkline and Pfizer.
personal finance to new models of university. The key is that in every example systemic change involves the interaction of ideas, movements, models, and
Mondragon University and Centro Popular de Cultura e Desenvolvimento (Brazil) go further, giving students the
Mars in Toronto links a university, a hospital, research labs and a business incubator, alongside a social innovation investment fund
295) Innovation universities and research departments, such as Finland†s new Aalto University, launched in 2010 as a result of the
merger of the Technical University, the Business school, and the School CONNECTING PEOPLE, IDEAS AND RESOURCES 135
of Arts and Design. They can become centres of expertise and training for civil servants, social entrepreneurs, nonprofit organisation managers
learning labs within universities. Examples include the Innovation and Action Lab based in Brussels (developed by i-propeller), The London
Economics, and the Catholic University of Leuven. There is also the Poverty Action Lab at MIT which tests out alternative interventions
Graduate school, University of West indies, and the Hong kong Polytechnic University. The Ford Foundation is a founding donor of the
Innovations in American Government Awards South africa set up the Centre for Public service Innovation (CPSI) in 2002 and now runs regular awards.
School, University of Oxford. Available at: http://www. sbs. ox. ac. uk/centres/skoll/research
the University of Mondragã n in Spain; the Sekem Academy in Egypt for the research and study of agriculture, pharmaceuticals and medicine
and the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Pollenzo and Colorno in Northern Italy, which has grown out
Ludwig Fleck, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1979
Aalto University 134 Abecedarian Project 111 Academies 116; 192; 185 Accelerators 135 Accountability 3; 68-69;
Mondragon University 116 Moore, Mark 7; 104 Moveon 41 Mozilla Firefox 139 M-Pesa 115;
and Melbourne University. His latest book is The Art of Public Strategy: mobilising power and knowledge for the common good
Innovation Policy Intervention Project, led by the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (University of Manchester) and funded by Nesta,
and findings from the DSI research and how data analysts from Lodz University of Technology could
Project, led by the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (University of Manchester) and funded by Nesta, conclude that there is not much evidence of impact and,
-private partnership constituted by three universities, around ten firms and the Secretary for the Information
research has a prominent status, especially due to the participation of three technological universities However, a great deal of effort is devoted to experimental innovation
University college London and Melbourne University This paper draws on a report titled â€oesocial Silicon valleys: A manifesto for social
some linked to universities some linked to companies, and some focused on particular problems, including
been made to understand social innovation in some universities, including Stanford, Duke, and Harvard. However, these endeavors have focused on individ
and Sussex Universities linking social innova -tion to broader patterns of technological change. Nor has much use been made of
University Press, 1983; M. Njihoff, The Political economy of Innovation (The hague: Kingston 1984 2. Michael Young, inspiration for the Young Foundation, was judged by Harvard University†s
Two key features of the university are (1) its partnerships with a great number of businesses in the design and delivery of all programs,
University Press, 2004 18. For a thorough analysis of open source methods and their great potential, see G. Mulgan and
Northeastern University in Boston, KCR, Economist, Deloitte research â€oeyoung people increasingly view cars as appliances not aspirations, and say that
6) Inspired by work of Thomas Kurz, Salzburg University of Applied sciences Fig. 2 The stack view of the Digital Business
based on the business school of the University of Central England acting as the Regional Catalyst, but partly
University of Chicago Press Baudrillard, J (ï oe975. The Mirror of Production, Mark Poster (trans.
VUB University Press David S. â€oeon Sourcescapes and Filescapes: Towards a Critique of the Political economy of Free/Open source Software
and Peer-to-peer File sharing Networksâ€, Cornell University http://www. shaydavid. info/indexpapers. html, last accessed ï oe/7/07
Paper, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark European commission (200ï oea. Communication from the Commission:
The Hard Problem for Artiï cial Lifeâ€, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Halpin, H (2006b.
VUB University Press Varela, Francisco J, and H r Maturana (ï oe973). De Máquinas y Seres Vivos:
Maria Savona SPRU University of Sussex Peter Corbett Advisory board Code for America, US Sasha Costanza-Choc MIT Department of Comparative Media Studies, US
bodies and universities to business and third sector organisations. Below we give a short description of the
Universities and other research-driven organisations such as think thanks, unsurprisingly play a big role in
-nally developed in a university setting. Arduino, the open hardware circuit board was, for example, original -ly developed by students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy
and universities to big charities and public museums support the development of Digital Social Innovations by hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing
Silicon valley, which gives them funding often despite their lack of formal university degrees or institution
University of Tilburg Consolidating and packaging existing practices and assets into a technological framework and reference architecture that enables the
-ers from universities, NGOS and SMES established in 10 EU Member States. All members, including organisations
of design labs, design schools and design-oriented universities, actively involved in promoting and supporting sustainable change.
universities that work alongside local, regional and global partners to promote and support social change towards sustainability
universities and can be extensions of already existing entities or new specifically established ones What is the social impact it
Universities and Colleges of Design, Art and Media (CUMULUS). DESIS also establishes special partnerships with private companies, nonprofit
based in the UK) and conducted by the University of Bath to explore the effectiveness of digital storytelling.
Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany The main driver behind Everyaware is the belief that †the current organ
University); ) found that people make a surprisingly rich set of social inferences from the networked activity information in Github, such
-ple from local fab labs, research centres, universities, and also individuals who are evangelical about Maker Faires and the whole maker move
Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan Mycroft, a team based at the University of Cambridge†s Computer Laboratory.
MIT Media Lab and Keio University, and is set up as a private nonprofit organisation History & Mission Safecast was founded by Sean Bonner, Joi Ito and Pieter Franken after
one case study of Safecast from researchers at University of Southern California describe how the collaboration around Safecast through
University, Uncorked Studios, and Global Survey Corp, among others What are the main barriers to innovate?
Barcelona, and faculty at IAAC, who initiated the Smart Citizen project is specialized an urbanist in digital fabrication and its implications on
-veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
this Tor received support from research partners at the University of Wa -terloo (Canada), the University of Cambridge (United kingdom), Georgia
Institute of technology and many others around the globe. Tor is able to leverage research and academic advancements to develop circumvention
the resourceful geo-coding efforts of Anna Schultz at Tufts University among others What is the role of the organisation
developers and educators primarily coming from universities and public institutions 214 History and mission Zooniverse grew from the original Galaxy Zoo project first launched
Maria Savona SPRU University of Sussex Peter Corbett Advisory board Code for America, US Sasha Costanza-Choc MIT Department of Comparative Media Studies, US
bodies and universities to business and third sector organisations. Below we give a short description of the
Universities and other research-driven organisations such as think thanks, unsurprisingly play a big role in
-nally developed in a university setting. Arduino, the open hardware circuit board was, for example, original -ly developed by students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy
and universities to big charities and public museums support the development of Digital Social Innovations by hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing
Silicon valley, which gives them funding often despite their lack of formal university degrees or institution
University of Tilburg Consolidating and packaging existing practices and assets into a technological framework and reference architecture that enables the
-ers from universities, NGOS and SMES established in 10 EU Member States. All members, including organisations
of design labs, design schools and design-oriented universities, actively involved in promoting and supporting sustainable change.
universities that work alongside local, regional and global partners to promote and support social change towards sustainability
universities and can be extensions of already existing entities or new specifically established ones What is the social impact it
Universities and Colleges of Design, Art and Media (CUMULUS). DESIS also establishes special partnerships with private companies, nonprofit
based in the UK) and conducted by the University of Bath to explore the effectiveness of digital storytelling.
Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany The main driver behind Everyaware is the belief that †the current organ
University); ) found that people make a surprisingly rich set of social inferences from the networked activity information in Github, such
-ple from local fab labs, research centres, universities, and also individuals who are evangelical about Maker Faires and the whole maker move
Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan Mycroft, a team based at the University of Cambridge†s Computer Laboratory.
MIT Media Lab and Keio University, and is set up as a private nonprofit organisation History & Mission Safecast was founded by Sean Bonner, Joi Ito and Pieter Franken after
one case study of Safecast from researchers at University of Southern California describe how the collaboration around Safecast through
University, Uncorked Studios, and Global Survey Corp, among others What are the main barriers to innovate?
Barcelona, and faculty at IAAC, who initiated the Smart Citizen project is specialized an urbanist in digital fabrication and its implications on
-veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
this Tor received support from research partners at the University of Wa -terloo (Canada), the University of Cambridge (United kingdom), Georgia
Institute of technology and many others around the globe. Tor is able to leverage research and academic advancements to develop circumvention
the resourceful geo-coding efforts of Anna Schultz at Tufts University among others What is the role of the organisation
developers and educators primarily coming from universities and public institutions 214 History and mission Zooniverse grew from the original Galaxy Zoo project first launched
among universities and research centres, utilities, manufacturers, regulators and legislators must be fostered, not only for the successful development of new
the adequate technical staff trained by high level universities and other technical schools Networks are evolving:
Professor, University of Dortmund, Germany Nickolas Hatziargyriou Professor, NTUA, Greece Nick Jenkins Professor, University of Manchester united Kingdom
Tahir Kapetanovic Director Electricity, Energie-Control Gmbh, Austria Urban Keussen Managing director, E. O. N. Netz Gmbh, Germany
Professor and Head of Centre for Electric Technology, Technical University of Denmark Carlo Sabelli Director Dispatching Activities, TERNA, Italy
Martin Charter, The Centre for Sustainable Designâ, University for the Creative Arts Meghan O†Brien, Wuppertal Institute
The Centre for Sustainable Designâ, University for the Creative Arts Martin Charter Acknowledgements We are grateful to a group of entrepreneurs and eco-innovators for providing us with valuable feedback on the draft
TRI-VIZOR, a spin-off from the University of Ant -werp in Belgium, developed an original horizontal
with an appropriate university or technical school Find suitable tools to assess (preferably †¢quantifiable) predicted impacts and enable
Charter et. al†Marketing & Sustainability BRASS (Cardiff University) and †¢The Centre for Sustainable Design, 2002
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA rovodo@gmail. com http://www. rei. ase. ro
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA paraschiv@inde. ro http://www. rei. ase. ro
Bucharest University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA anamarinoiu@yahoo. com http://www. rei. ase. ro
channelling the fruits of university and public R&d to enterprises Progress in each of the above areas will create a more
Schools and universities produce a steady flow of graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes, and these are
funding to deserving university, company and institute R&d programmes covering all sectors. Much of this is
Initiatives to encourage technology transfer from universities 29 Government leading the way in innovative use of ICT 35
Bart van Ark, an economist from the University of Grã ningen, believes restrictive product markets
Funding for university and research institute spin -offs is another area where Europe compares *For example, Van Ark and
volume of R&d work is conducted by universities and independent research institutes. In contrast to the US
however, links in Europe between university-based institutes and businesses remain weak Our own research and other studies reveal
The Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium (UCL, by its French acronym) provides a good, if all too rare
example of European efforts to bridge the university -company divide in research and development. In its own research as well as the science parks that it funds
the university stresses the importance of applied research that can be put directly to use by companies
between universities and industry. Danny O†Hare chairman of Ireland†s Information Society Commission, says the focus on R&d ensures talented
researchers are attracted into Ireland†s universities and institutes, and that to some extent the â€oebrain
the government, business and universities first to identify critical skill gaps, and then to change the
indirect stewardship of universities have considerable influence on how research institutes operate Nurturing European centres of R&d excellence that
SMES collectively to access the results of university or other R&d â encouraging universities to establish closer ties
with companies for R&d purposes; and â actively sponsoring pilot projects to demonstrate the benefits of R&d
out research to university-based institutes, but some need to be more flexible on issues of intellectual
universities interested. For their part, the universities need to show no lesser degree of flexibility.
Also, large firms such as Nokia, Ericsson and Philips have been extremely supportive of community-based pilot
Initiatives to encourage technology transfer from universities 29 Encouragement of foreign direct investment in ICT sector 23
number of universities offering online courses educational reform, unmet demand on labour market for certain skills ++Medium term Need to make educational systems
BBC News,"End of Empire for Western Universities?""BBC website, 2012. As of 08/03/2013
University of Oxford April 2013. As of 23/09/2013: http://www. imi. ox. ac. uk/pdfs/imi-working-papers/wp-68-2013
University of Oxford, April 2011a. As of 23/09/2013 http://www. imi. ox. ac. uk/pdfs/imi-working-papers/wp-11-32-the-determinants-of-international
international migrationâ€, Working Paper 24, University of Oxford, International Migration Institute 2010 de Haas, H.,Mobility and Human Development, United nations Development Programme, Human
University of Oxford 21-24 september 2011.2011 Duvell, F. 2011.""Paths into Irregularity: The Legal and Political Construction of Irregular Migration
European University Institute, 2011 Fine, D.,A. van Vamelen, S. Lund, A. Cabral, M. Taoufiki, N. Dorr, A. Leke, C. Roxburgh, J. Schubert
http://www. econ. cam. ac. uk/faculty/goyal/wp11/socialnetworksweb8. pdf 45 Granovetter, Mark S,"The strength of weak ties,"American journal of sociology, 1973, pp. 1360-1380
Cornell University Press, 1998 Kenworthy, L.,"The High-Employment Route to Low Inequality,"Challenge, Vol. 52, No. 5, 2009, pp
Levin,"The rise of Asia†s universities,"2010. http://www. hepi. ac. uk/483-1780/Seventh-HEPI-Annual
University of Chicago Press, 2012 Lusk, Jayson L. 2011. â€oechapter 10: Consumer Preferences for Genetically Modified Food†in Colin A
Reproductive Ages and Gender Equality Explain the Positive Link,"University of Pennsylvania Population Studies Center PSC Working Paper Series, PSC 11-06,2011.
RICS Foundation, University of Salford, The Futures Academy, and King Sturge,"Built Environment Foresight 2030:
Dutch University Press, 2004 ††â€, Reproductive Decision-making in a Macro-Micro Perspective (REPRO) Synthesis and Policy
Makerere University, Uganda ABSTRACT The role that Information Communication Technologies (ICT) plays in improving the efficiency
recruitment of university graduates and skilled personnel; awareness of new ideas and technologies; and incentives and institutional frameworks for improving collaborations within networks and clusters, including
This background paper was provided based on material by David Audretsch (Indiana University), Bart Clarysse and Vincent Duchã ne (Kwanticonsult) and Vlerick Leuven (Gent Management School at the University of
Gent), with contribution from Gian Maria Gros Pietro, Andrea Bonaccorsi, Anna Buzzonetti, and Mario Cerchia
â'They employ some higher educated people (with a university degree or the equivalent â'They have introduced at least one new product on average
universities and research labs R&d ACTIVITIES Invest significantly in research 75%invest more than 20%of
or research institutions, such as universities. Economic knowledge spills-over from other firms conducting the R&d or from university research laboratories.
But why should knowledge spill over from the source of origin? At least two major spillover channels are
a knowledge worker may choose to exit the firm or university where the knowledge was created initially.
transfer new economic knowledge from universities to firms 60. The relative importance of proximity, and therefore the tendency of firms to spatially cluster, is
of new economic knowledge, such as university research tend to elevate the propensity for innovative activity to cluster during the introduction stage of the life cycle,
and to contract a third party (a research centre, university or company) to carry out R&d on their behalf.
â'They need help recruiting university graduates and other skilled personnel â'They need to be made aware of new ideas and technologies
†University research Links and Spin-offs in the evolution of regional clusters of high-tech SMES in Europeâ€, 1997
between SMES€, working paper University of Gent, under review at Small Business Economics Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D.,1989, â€oeinnovation and Learning:
†University research Links and Spin-offs in the evolution of regional clusters of high-tech SMES in Europeâ€, 1997
1 Maastricht School of management and Technical University of Eindhoven, The netherlands 2 United Nation University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU MERIT), The netherlands
3 Tilburg University, The netherlands 2 The Maastricht School of management is a leading provider of management education with worldwide presence.
Our mission is to enhance the management capacity of professionals and organizations in and for emerging economies and
and Technical University of Eindhoven, The netherlands b United Nation University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology
UNU MERIT), The netherlands c Tilburg University, The netherlands Preliminary Draft ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of intra-cluster ties, extra-cluster ties, and
entrepreneurial orientation in shaping firms†innovative performance. We conduct our analysis on a primary data set of 120 SMES in the Cibaduyut footwear-manufacturing
and university on sales growth, and Stam and Elring (2008) worked on the impact of EO and
universities (Porter, 2000. They benefit from the economies of agglomeration and joint action giving them collective efficiency
competitors, research centres and universities, within and outside its cluster respectively. Both variables are expressed in logarithms (Leiponen & Helfat, 2011
centers, financial institutions, and universities. In future research we hope to explore the consequences of partner heterogeneity in the context of emerging-economy SMES
University of Macedonia Hitt, M. A.,Hoskisson, R. E, . & Ireland, R. D. 1990). Mergers and Acquisitions and Managerial
University Press Simmie, J. 2004. Innovation and Clustering in the Globalised International Economy. Urban Studies, 41 (5/6), 1095-1112
orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21 (4 541-567 27 Ward, J. L. 1997.
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