robust, accessible and affordable connectivity network, technical literacy, skilled users and support systems functional markets, and supportive regulatory and policy frameworks
technical literacy, effective rule-setting and industry oversight, functioning markets, and more. In addition relevant content, applications,
major firms have implemented technical literacy programs. Helping to grow the number of technology users †regardless of which technologies they are using †lays the groundwork for firms†own individual future
train community members in Kwa-Dukuza. 75%of the program†s graduates go on to further education or
runs their activities, usually in partnership with business or computer science professors who can ensure pipelines of students.
Government partners usually have money but no programs of their own; they will contribute funds or matching funds and,
student interns or other employees †which Microsoft can co-fund †responsible for administrative support
wages or first year salaries for graduates that obtain jobs. Programs like this are common in mature markets as
Microsoft†s Innovation Centers target university students, technical partners, and aspiring entrepreneurs †those with the potential, at the present time, to start
and classroom courses delivered by partner organizations •Market, trade, customs, and other information on the 64 biggest importing countries
employment and entrepreneurship in a high-skill, high-value industry sector for more than 50,000 students. In the process
They decided to train students to do this, and found that it worked. Not only were students able to maintain their
schools†computer networks, they were also able to leverage those skills in the job market after graduation
With the strong support of Chairman John Morgridge, the network administration training was formalized and expanded, and began to be offered in high schools, community colleges,
and even prisons †provide classroom space, computers and other equipment, instructors, and students, often in partnership with other organizations, including funders
By 2000, the Networking Academy program had expanded enormously, but had been unable to penetrate into the least-developed countries (LDCS.
as once graduates go out into the working world, they are likely to purchase the Cisco systems
offering scholarships and dedicated classes. For instance, USAID has provided $300, 000 in scholarships for women in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Mongolia,
and Sri lanka to attend their local Networking Academies. With UNIFEM, USAID has developed gender programs in the middle East which have achieved 50
tracking student success, revising the curriculum accordingly, and providing annual professional development sessions for instructors, enabling them to keep up with technological advances
than 50,000 students have passed now through the program. 94 Approximately 40,000 of these have been in
Africa, where more than 10,000 students have obtained CCNA certification For students, the Networking Academies†greatest impact has been to expand economic opportunity in the form
of jobs and small business opportunities. In a recent impact assessment of Academies in Africa, a research firm
economies frequently forced graduates to relocate to find work. Fifty-nine percent, almost all of those that
Cisco†s Networking Academies now train more than 500,000 students per year in Factors more than 10,000 Academies in 165 countries †more than twice the number of countries in which it has
Over two million students have been trained since the program began in 1997.98 Given its philanthropic nature,
She is a graduate of Yale university and Harvard†s Kennedy School of Government Robert S. Katz is a Research Analyst with the Markets and Enterprise Program of the World Resources Institute.
and graduates from schools, both very important mech -anisms of knowledge transfer to firms. While these are
The technical college has about 300 students. Net -working between scientific institutes, research labora -tories, firms,
-ment Technique, with about 80 students per year. The incubation centre, however, is rather small with only six
Franz Toâ dtling is Professor at the Department of City and Regional Development, Vienna Uni
250,000 students as well as a num -ber of public research institutes cov -ering various areas such as IT, artifi
education institutes with about 35,000 students. The University of Bremen is the largest amongst them educating 22,000 students.
Furthermore, there are renowned non -university based research institutes like a Max-Planck-Institute or a Fraunhofer Insti
Apart from that, the increase of students and high qualified working population (†cadresâ€) made a shift from a traditional conservative
Denmark, although, Aalborg University is home to 12,500 students and employs more than 1, 700 people (Stoerring and Christensen 2004;
today it has 13,000 students and 1, 700 employees (Pedersen and Dalum 2004. It has a priority area in ICT sector,
-ties (†Oresund Universityâ€) are populated by 140,000 students, 10,000 scientists and 6, 500 Phds providing active cooperation with 800 other universities worldwide.
the 13th century and hosting 17,000 students. The only 10 years old Oxford Brookes University is home to 18,000 students.
All guarantee a constant flow of high qualified people (Oxfordshire County Council 2005,2006. The scientific scene in Oxfordshire is
For example, the Business school Tuttlingen offers a special MBA programme †Medical Devices & Healthcare Managementâ€, the Vocational training Centre (Berufliches
policies geared at retaining skilled graduates within a region or at educating them as in the
example of Tuttlingen, where the business school offers a specialised MBA programme tailor-made for the surgical instrument cluster
school bus services One of the main aspects of the market in which AISA operates is that in Spain the
Unpublished Diploma Thesis. Humboldt-University, Berlin Nordhaus, W. D. The Recent Recession, The Current Recovery,
•Student mobility •Cross-border edelivery •Change of Address •Citizens identification and authentication to access EC applications via national eids
Literacy issues) to ensure better compliance and involvement in disease management and prevention â GP access to full
Technical education background in the form of diploma or degree (BE /ME/Phd) is a significant feature of entrepreneurship of these SMES:
students, or others who are involved in the patient†s care. In this process, the main challenge is to create a smooth interface between privacy and
•the Government will foster further student engagement with science, technology engineering and mathematics (STEM) by providing an additional $12 million to
â€'increase student participation in †Summer schools for STEM studentsâ€, particularly for girls, disadvantaged and Indigenous students, including those living in regional
and remote areas •The Government will focus the VET system on meeting industry needs,
Education science and Culture predicts that tertiary students studying abroad will more than double globally from 2. 5 million to as many as 8 million in 2020 (Altbach et al, 2009
our economy by 2020, particularly through students from China and India (International Education Advisory Council, 2013
Diploma or certificate 13.8 11.4 Degree or higher 38.4 36.7 table 2: effect of education on hourly wages
•australia†s performance in mathematical literacy in schools has fallen in absolute and relative terms.
Australia in mathematical literacy. By 2012 we were outperformed by 12 countries Around 40 per cent of our Year 7 to 10 mathematics classes are taught without a
understanding and skills in both science and literacy from an early age. The †Science by Doing†programme supports
secondary school students with science. The Government provided $5 million over four years in the 2014-15 Budget to maintain these programmes and,
but its flexibility to respond to student and industry needs, and its capacity to focus on core functions rather than red tape,
and respond to student needs, to improve their competitiveness and enable the delivery of higher quality teaching
Programme means no student will have to pay up front for their university study. The Government has accepted also all of the recommendations of
international students Capitalising on international education opportunities Monash University has over 64,000 students †21,000 of them international †with offshore
campuses in Malaysia and South africa, and international centres and partnerships in China India, Italy and the UK.
Monash†s student enrolments at its Malaysia and South africa campuses increased by 33 per cent
Monash has diversified also its student source markets by broadening its focus to new growth markets of Africa, Central asia, Latin america, the
•enhancing the capacity of the system to deliver high-quality outcomes for students •ensuring a stronger role for industry at all levels of the system
university students under the Higher education Loan Programme. Apprentices who successfully complete their training will receive a 20 per cent discount on the amount to be repaid
This will better equip students with job-relevant skills. supplementing support for maths, science and computing in schools
students in mathematics, particularly to expand the pipeline of students taking advanced mathematics in senior school years
school students will deliver innovative and engaging teaching and learning resources to support implementation of the Australian Curriculum
The Government will also encourage greater student participation in summer schools for STEM students, particularly for girls, disadvantaged and Indigenous students, including
those living in regional and remote areas. This programme is designed to provide students with unique experiences in science and mathematics, stimulating their passion for these
learning areas. The Government will provide $600, 000 to support travel and accommodation for participants, building on existing national summer schools for STEM. trialling a new, innovative pathway from education to work
To help develop the next generation of Australian innovators and job-ready graduates, the Government will trial the establishment of an innovative approach to education,
partnerships, with graduates typically offered a position with the sponsoring business before other candidates (Governor of New york, 2013;
Students will undertake regular high school curriculum subjects alongside technical subjects such as computer programming, graphics, logic and
Importantly, students will have identified pathways to employment with the school†s industry partners. Students will be able to graduate with a
Year 12 qualification, but will be supported actively to complete further study and gain a post-school ICT diploma or advanced diploma with opportunities for employment with the
businesses involved in the programme. The Government will look to locate the programme in an area with access to industry but high youth unemployment
employer incentives and trade support loans. pilot training scholarship programmes under the Industry skills Fund
•training for Employment Scholarships: 7, 500 scholarships will be provided to smaller employers who take on a new worker, aged 18†24, in regional Australia and areas
where youth unemployment is high. Approved employers will be able to engage a training provider of their choice
to Prepare More than 6, 000 Students for High-Skill Jobs. Retrieved September 2014, from https://www. governor. ny. gov/press/08282013students-for-High-Skill-Jobs
•Page 47 †Students reading-istock •Page 49 †Construction worker-Michele Mossop, Engineers Australia
international surveys have shown norwegian pupils to be less proficient in reading and science subjects than those of countries we usually compare ourselves with.
today†s pupils and students are the ones who will be creating the job opportunities and
Professor Klaus Busch for the project idea; Martin Hagemann (Link MV e. V.)and Dr. Gerd
Therefore, we also address students or continuing professional development trainees who might use it as â€oea pocket guide†for economic and innovation related subjects.
-novation and knowledge via talented graduates from Universities to business, involving businesses and academics or researchers that work together on commercially and strategically important devel
-tise through academic staff and graduates with the aim to facilitate innovation South East Development Agency:
A mid-sized school district (11,000 students) had used the bond process to aggressively acquire and deploy technology.
Quick MBA is an address for strategic management in general and therefore it contains the tool of
They noticed that the rosters for the students were sent invariably very late, so there wasn†t enough time to prepare the materials needed to be given to the students who attended
the workshop. Moreover, they observed that they could change the process flow, by removing A v
The training takes the form of classroom -based lectures and tutorials CMLS€ s general manager decided to broaden their area of expertise and offer a new business analy
He has a Masters degree in Engineering and joined the company in 2000. Miroslaw says, every month we add about ten new models to our product
has allowed the potential facilitation of learning content to a range of learning styles and learner
Minds wander, attention wanes, learners muddle through maybe. When learners are through, they want to escape as quickly as possible.
Little is retained Needed behaviours have not been established. Rich associations do not exist for learners to remem
-ber key points. Learning trough media will provide choices in how to learn. Media-based Training
but learner can use them also on request. Moreover, given the so -cially constructed nature of knowledge
Learners progress through a lesson along paths determined by the designer or choices by the learner.
In many ways, a lesson is a miniature course requiring its own objectives, introductions, assessments and
knowledge that requires rich interaction with the computer or other learners ï Learner-customized tutorials:
is used to let learners customize training to their individual needs; especially suits learners with widely varying needs, interests and levels of knowledge
ï Knowledge-paced tutorials: is used to let impatient learners skip over topics on which they are
already knowledgeable ï Exploratory-tutorials: is used to teach learners to learn on their own by developing their skills
of navigating complex electronic information sources ï Generated-lessons: is used to customize learning for those who have very specific needs and
not much time or patience to complete topics they have learned already Metaphors and their support for innovation
on something familiar to learners. A metaphor can be extended an analogy, theme, motif, ongoing scenario or overall question.
models and simulations for economics and business teachers, lecturers and students. The simulations also have support materials that have been written to enhance their educational value.
Dustin sets up situations that the student will encounter in real life and allows the student to demon
-strate his competence. If the student succeeds at one task, he can skip ahead to the next lesson.
If he has trouble, he can return to the beginning of the instruction. Because the student is simulated in a
situation identical to the one in which he will have to function, he does not have to learn things that will
Dustin allows students to learn language in realistic situations. But it will probably not enhance a student's performance on achievement tests.
A Dustin student cannot be graded in the conventional sense, but what we can see is
if a student successfully completed various tasks Domains: Foreign language http://www. engines4ed. org/hyperbook/nodes/NODE-302-pg. html
Modern training regimens often divorce instruction from practice, concentrating on either one or the other.
monitors the student's ongoing activity in the simulation and offers a particular type of intervention
These solutions take into account approaching the learners as whole persons, not only as intellects, the change with respect to knowledge in terms of approach, concep
Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture, Polity Press 2003 ï Cartwright, S. R.,Cartwright G. P.,Designing and Producing Media-Based Training, Butter
Young learners are able to use the potential of their brain power, although they can
and reflection as older learners can. Above all, older people are very often more motivated than younger learners
The main motive for (language learning is the usefulness. An advantage of foreign language skills is that these skills are also useful in private life †for meeting interesting people,
students for intensive learning is best between 10 and 12. Ask what the adopted learning
and open for learners from all countries ï http://www. faz. com/IN/INTEMPLATES/efaz/default. asp
but the links will be helpful also for learners from other countries ï http://www. esl-lab. com/index. htm
%Diploma-holders Engineers Managers Others With work experience Freshers n=33 Figure 6: Lack of Qualified Human resources as Barrier to Innovation
b) Lack of student interest in engineering and natural sciences (see IWD (2007 In Germany alone firms are facing a severe crunch of skilled labour,
country†s technological performance expects a shortfall of 335,000 university graduates including 59,000 engineers, in year 2014.
number of science and technology (S&t) students, as discussed in section 3. 3. 1. While
countries such as China and India are producing a large number of S&t graduates. In China, 61%of undergraduates are studying for a science or engineering degree.
graduates. In fact, 3 of the top-5 Asian schools for S&t are located in India (EIU, 2004
university graduates (with seven years or less of work experience) India†s talent pool is
or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre franã§ais d†exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel. 33
common purpose (Susman and Dean, 1992 Once employees are motivated and united to achieve service-centered goals,
•Explicit-to-tacit is typified with a learning environment particularly where students are required to experiment with published information
Susman, G. I. and J. W. Dean Jr (1992. â€oedevelopment of a model for predicting design for
recruitment of university graduates and skilled personnel; awareness of new ideas and technologies; and incentives and institutional frameworks for improving collaborations within networks and clusters, including
â'They need help recruiting university graduates and other skilled personnel â'They need to be made aware of new ideas and technologies
paper, Head of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship unit, Professor Thomas Hedner, noted 79 that researchers needed to relate innovation to the degree of the openness of the innovation
performed by me with the support of Professor Michael Busler from The Richard Stockton College of New jersey, USA.
Professor Thomas Hedner from Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Paper 7, on the other hand, was developed with the support of Professor Magnus Klofsten
from Linkã ping University, Sweden, and also Professor Thomas Hedner 82 Contribution of paper 7 to the purpose of the thesis
The SIV model has the advantage of balancing both quantitative and qualitative input parameters. The quantitative variables in the model include R&d and other outward
International Student Edition. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK Ritchie, J. and Lewis, J. 2003.
students and researchers. Sage Publications, London, UK 122 Roethlisberger, F. J. and Dickson, W. J. 1939.
She is professor and director of research at the TÃ lã-universitã of the Universitã du Quã bec.
He is a graduate from the National Institute of Polytechnics in Grenoble with a Master†s degree
†Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) as Mission-oriented Innovation Policyâ€, Charles Edquist, Professor CIRCLE (Centre for
and students together and forge new influences on companies via students studying different disciplines. Until 2010, the programme had been conducted in more
than 130 municipalities in Sweden, supporting approximately 800 companies An office runs for seven weeks in the summer.
discussions concerning location, financing, companies, and students. After the summer, there are follow-up and reporting activities.
The students are selected annually via a database of at least 350 students from all over the world (mostly Swedes.
The selection of students depends on the type of company. If the company continues to use the design,
they have the option to employ the student or contact other consultancy firms. Each local design project costs â 75 000 for the
cost of the office, material, phones, cars, documentation, including salaries for Project manager Supervisor, and eight students for seven weeks
This GP has a lot in common with †Summer Entrepreneur†(also a GP from MINI -EUROPE), but is aimed at overcoming SME weaknesses in terms of design skills:
o Bioenergy for the region, to build cooperation between Phd students and companies o Innovation assistant, to support newly graduated employment
Unlocking Cornish Potential-Graduates for Cornwall†s businesses. Similarly to Innovation assistant, it aims at promoting the employment of recently graduated staff in SMES with no or little
Promotion of cooperation between design students and SMES §3. 2. 2 Very high ICT ERIK-ACTION PRAI/VINCI Support for the setting up of Virtual Enterprises based on ICT
students, and in New Products By design (PERIA), or ICT, as addressed in the PRAI/VINCI
which focused on the hiring of Phd students by SMES, PERIA with the Creation of R&d units
professionals and recent university graduates as innovation assistants in companies, with responsibilities for the development of innovation processes.
the School in Business Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg allows master students in
entrepreneurial students with SMES showing potential growth or experiencing a form of growth barrier For a year, the students practice to lead, manage
and develop a company, 2-3 days per week while acquiring theory in class. The companies obtain knowledge to deal with challenges in various growth
phases and the students prepare to start or lead and drive growth companies The Tuscany Region has selected this good practice to potentially contribute to its 2014-2020 regional
Employment of young graduates in innovation projects within SMES Innovation Systems awareness raising, tutoring and consultancy for SMES;
focused on university students, and therefore lie outside the scope of the present analysis. The other
/Phd students INGENIUM II public VC Technical Commercial Service (coaching Managers School Training Individualized Analysis (Coaching
and students together and forge new influences on companies via students studying different disciplines. Up to 2010 the programme had
been conducted in more than 130 municipalities in Sweden, supporting approximately 800 companies An office runs for 7 weeks in the summer.
location, financing, companies, and students. After the summer there are activities for follow up and reporting. The target is to raise awareness of design as a means for SMES to develop their business
The students are selected annually via a database of at least 350 students from all over the world (mostly
) The selection of students depends on the type of company. If the company continues to use
the design they have the option to employ the student or contact other consultancy firms.
and 8 students for 7 weeks This GP, which has a lot in common with †Summer Entrepreneurâ€,
graduates have the right skills and transversal competences required by the market (EC-IPTS (2011)).
i) stimulating the entrepreneurial spirit of its staff and students; ii) providing advice and services to SMES;
participating in schemes promoting the training and placement of high level graduates in innovative businesses; iv
strongly influential in vehicle styling, with many British designers and graduates from British institutions directly employed by vehicle manufacturers around the globe.
to encourage SMES to employ recent university graduates in order to strengthen their technological and innovation capacities.
ii) pre-incubation program focused on people (not only students or graduates) who have the ambition to start their own business;
and iii) cluster development services †most important the building up (incl. soft facilitation of cooperation) of the Centre of
for supporting most talented Phd students in science and engineering; and iii) several special schemes focused on raising secondary level students†motivations concerning research and
might be as little as two new Phd graduates per year. As a small country, it is unlikely that Estonia solves
a) support for entrepreneurship of higher-education students and academics; b common innovation bonds (new instrument encouraging to test ideas at early stage;
especially scientists, students and entrepreneurs in the process of preparing and implementing RIS 2013 -2020. The Marshal Office of the Maå opolska Region delivers analytical and organisational support
such as the number of students enrolled in different educational programs could be of relevance. However, this data should be rather detailed in order
know the number of engineering students in a country or region without knowing their specific field of
Are people (incl. young people, university graduates, etc. keen to start up their own business or do they rather prefer jobs in established enterprises or public
graduates/engineers/professors moving easily between universities and firms and back? Do universities train scholars and graduates to become entrepreneurs
•Does current academic education fit to the needs of the regional economy †do regional
employers absorb graduates or are forced graduates to look elsewhere INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS: THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION
 OECD 2013 197 •How many permanent/temporary international research fellows, professors, and students do work
in your region? What is the share of international staff in scientific/creative positions? How many
research, living labs, student placement schemes, brokerage and technology demonstration events, share of regional business representatives in university management boards?
Professor Ph d. Nicolescu Ovidiu Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania inst. manager@gmail. com
Professor Ph d. Popa Ion Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania popaion 2000@yahoo. com
Professor Ph d. Dobrin Cosmin Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania cdobrin@yahoo. com
Professor Ph d. Nicolescu Ciprian Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania cnicolescu@yahoo. com
Student of Entrepreneurship Arnold Thondhlana Lecturer Accounting Sciences and Finance Department Nicholas Kakava Coordinator in Consumer Sciences
Saunders, M.,Lewis, P. þhill, A. 2009), Research methods for business students 5 th ed.,Pearson, England
and home-school transport services, and mobility measures for large events. Investigations indicate that such measures do not require large financial
Ruud Smits is †Professor of Technology and Innovation, more particularly the Strategy and Management of
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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