a devastating disease caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. In 1999, they finally produced a tasty variety that contained the Vf defence gene,
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the branch of the agriculture department responsible for overseeing GM CROPS,
including sugar cane and maize (corn). But most of the biomass produced in agriculture and forestry lies unused in more-complex chains of sugars, for example lignin and cellulose.
By adding a dash of dilute sulphuric acid to a colourless, herbal-smelling liquid called à Â-valerolactone (GVL),
The oldest joke in the automotive world is the one about the loose nut between the gas pedal and the steering wheel.
Wheat stem rust has the ability to turn a healthy-looking crop only one week away from harvest into a tangle of black stems Liang Qu the director of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme
The new plants are designed to combat wheat stem rust a fungus that used to take out a fifth of the U s.'wheat crop at once during epidemics through the 1950s.
From Kenya other countries may get the seeds through trade. But researchers aren't resting yet nor can they ever.
That's because they expect that wheat stem rust will eventually evolve resistance to these new wheats at
International atomic energy agency nuclear radiated biological mutant seed enhancement amplified evolutionary adapation production against wheat rust desease for Kenyan farmers.
Much of the wood used to make the pulp that's turned into paper is actually byproducts of wood used to make other items--a cobbled-together mush of regular wood woodchips sawdust and other wood detritus.
A limestone ridge thick with vegetation juts into the cloudless blue sky behind him. His quick-dry clothing coupled with a red bandanna knotted around his neck befits Scannon's role as an amateur archaeologist.
It had sustained some damage to its left forward wing root but the wing flaps were down
Not only are they tolerant of pesticides/herbicides they also produce pesticides themselves through the use of fungus
in order to avoid being sued by corporations like Monsanto in case of accidental seed distribution. They made the law
and Natural resources found at least nine species of weeds that have evolved naturally to withstand glyphosate weed-killers.
and can print with many more cell types including stem cells muscle cells and vascular cells. They also designed one printer to create both the synthetic scaffold and tissue in one fell swoop;
Science however has realized that Stem Cells from our babies work better and wonã¢Â#Â#t realize why until they read my paper.
All vegetation (trees brush plants) are killed in this pond area created. Wildlife/insects in this newly created pond area move
How about fungi do need mushrooms sunlight to grow? could we feed on them on a nuclear winter?
#Japanese Scientist May have To Grow His Human Organs In American Pigshiromitsu Nakauchi is one of the most prominent stem-cell researchers in the world
which stem cells from one species are implanted in another which then grows an organ that can be harvested
back in 2010 he successfully induced a mouse embryo to grow a rat pancreas by using rat stem cells.
and implanting human stem cells. The pig embryos will then grow amazingly a human pancreas.
OR BUSHES FORDS BILDERBERGSYOUTHEN OR NAZI! SO! NUREMBERG'S RELEASED! and mildenstien AND iechmann. RAN!
joe bushes slut andpup!@@uganda's kampala! hoe and pimp! and hitler cut poland in more thanhalf. and italy tried some austria. russia!
so barac obama those drones. make you joe bushes all fiatfacist's! and they make you all idi amin. protectorate's!
opec all bushes crone's! black waters john boehner! prince or saudi any drone withbrennan!
puck john brennan you puck'syou all get nuremberg. all you nazi ford's and bushes. pucks biden's clinton's and gore's. puck's!
bushes capitol pawn! like silver stien westfield'sdemolition's! twin towers han's blix yousupreme building seven blown clerical cop shop courtcrone's!
and marvin and joe junior bush wasin it! till nine eleven! jeb bushes nasa floridastennis center boeing goringnorton horton skunkwork's rocket dyne robo ma belle nasacovert any war remote munition drone's!
and joe bush barac's protectoraterun's! fiat's like golden dawn's! bill gate's your barbados n s. a. intel eproms get you PIG ONE!
JOE BUSH AND JEB BUSH! NASA KNEW ABOUT REMOTE BOEING 707 JETS ON 2001 SEPTEMBER 11TH! ALL WITH CEASERS AND REMOTEPILATES!?
AND YOUR JOE BUSH SHOE NASANORAD AND THREATEN INWARDAND MUNITION ON ALL UNITED STATES CITIZENS! ON A c. N. N. TURNER NEWSDRONE PHONE!
you joe bush john boehner and shutdown is already. baracthreatened! barac's bushes pawn! on one neo con!
john boehner! caught a golden dawn pawn! from greece to rome. and left all neo un done!
AND JOE BUSH CON'S A PIUSPOPE ON! FOR PROTECTION A MONSANTO GANGSTERPROTECTORATES PROVEN! SEPTEMBER 2103!
BUSHES OBAMADUCK step shut down SEPTEMBER2013 SUMMIT Russian G-20 ONJACK ass! for cairo!?or syria!?
all bushes crass ass hawk neo. nazi's! and tag bohemians groves & opecsandpuck's!
ALL THE BUSHES SHOES! for jumbo jet 707's! and northrup boeing's on skunkworks remote control tower at edwards high desert like roswell E t. air base!
AND WITH 9-11 NORAD'S AND JEB BUSH NASA WAR GAMES BUSHES! YOUR SILVERSTIENS WESTFUIELDS BUSTES ROCK OBAMA BARRAK!
AUHSWITZ TOO TREBINKA I CITE NUREMBERG HAUGE DOCKET BUSHES FEDERALS SINCE LYNDON JOHNSON BARAC OBAMA YOUR UHGANDAS BUSHES HOE PROECTORATE PIUS POPES AND ALL NUREMBERG BUSTED
BOEING FOR 707 REMOTE 1970 JUMBO JETS AND JOHN BOEHNERS N s. A BUSH SPOKE N w. O. ALL ADOLPH HITLERS!
BUSHES FORDS HOES BOYS! LIKE AL CAPONE OR GRONK A BONE! ADOLPH HITLER NAZI MUNITION DRONE GETSA EAGLE SCAN DRONEON NUREMBERG HAUGE DOCKET 2013!
RYE ME IN! AND FLY ME OUT! MYTH THIS THROUGH! AND REEL ME IN! ON BERLIN TA LOU!
OR BUSHES FORDS BILDERBERGSYOUTHEN OR NAZI! SO! NUREMBERG'S RELEASED! and mildenstien AND iechmann. RAN!
joe bushes slut andpup!@@uganda's kampala! hoe and pimp! and hitler cut poland in more thanhalf. and italy tried some austria. russia!
so barac obama those drones. make you joe bushes all fiatfacist's! and they make you all idi amin. protectorate's!
opec all bushes crone's! black waters john boehner! prince or saudi any drone withbrennan!
puck john brennan you puck'syou all get nuremberg. all you nazi ford's and bushes. pucks biden's clinton's and gore's. puck's!
bushes capitol pawn! like silver stien westfield'sdemolition's! twin towers han's blix yousupreme building seven blown clerical cop shop courtcrone's!
and marvin and joe junior bush wasin it! till nine eleven! jeb bushes nasa floridastennis center boeing goringnorton horton skunkwork's rocket dyne robo ma belle nasacovert any war remote munition drone's!
and joe bush barac's protectoraterun's! fiat's like golden dawn's! bill gate's your barbados n s. a. intel eproms get you PIG ONE!
JOE BUSH AND JEB BUSH! NASA KNEW ABOUT REMOTE BOEING 707 JETS ON 2001 SEPTEMBER 11TH! ALL WITH CEASERS AND REMOTEPILATES!?
AND YOUR JOE BUSH SHOE NASANORAD AND THREATEN INWARDAND MUNITION ON ALL UNITED STATES CITIZENS! ON A c. N. N. TURNER NEWSDRONE PHONE!
and bushes to absorb them. And that's the unusual thing. Those plants died weak and thirsty during an epic drought last summer--the hottest year on record.
I don't understand why reversing the effects of the azolla event is seen as such a negative thing.
and global temperature where many of our foliage today thrived. Finally: Popsci. Really? A Picture of Hurricane Sandy?
Radiation is being in found in seaweed zooplankton and sea life in the oceans. Animal and plant mutations are being found everywhere.
the perpetual moisture warmth and rich soil lead to extravagant growth of hundreds of varieties of tropical grasses plants flowers vines and trees furnishing favorable harbor for the insects;
Instead the FBI alleges Debeinong staff tried to steal the seeds and seedlings of the parent plants that companies crossbreed to create the seeds they sell to farmers.
Parent plants are much more valuable than the GMO seeds farmers buy. A farmer who plants a crossbred GMO corn crop could keep the resulting seeds
and replant them if she wanted. I mean technically she could because the seeds aren't sterile as is alleged often
but she would likely face legal repercussions.)However a crop grown from crossbred seeds will contain a mix of corn types most them inferior in quality.
Parent plants on the other hand breed true generation after generation carrying the traits companies engineered into them.
The sequences of parent plants'genes represent some of the companies'most important intellectual property.
and insects are suited perfectly for environments where you have dynamic obstructions he trees are moving the branches are moving.
Dr. Gee however has applied now successfully microct to visualize silicified conifer seed cones as old as 150 million years without cutting sawing
Because each specimen is precious the main goal of this research was to study the internal structure of fossil conifer seed cones without destroying
In the study Gee demonstrates how this technique allows the observation of internal features such as seeds vascular tissue and cone scales.
or tissues such as a row of seeds within a cone the natural pattern of growth was evident.
For example the described technique is used to develop tomatoes with resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus
In the forests of Mount rainier national park it's the lichens that suffer first; their critical load is between 2. 5 and 7. 1 kg/ha/yr
and the deposition rate there is at a troubling 6. 7 kg/ha/yr. The lichens might not be noticed
This insects alongside some fungi bacteria and viruses cause annual loses of between four and ten percent of all the stored grains worldwide mainly corn wheat sorghum rice and beans.
The indoor setup created a panorama three photos high by seven photos wide of a time-lapse sequence of a quick-growing variety of Brassica rapa plants.
The rapid greening response of the grassland to rainfall is seen easily as well as the response of an individual cholla cactus as its branches become erect due to the rainfall.
But now there is a lot of interest in using sorghum for other things such as growing sweet sorghum in areas where they grow sugarcane and growing biomass sorghum for bioenergy through combustion or cellulosic technology.
Sweet sorghum where you squeeze the sugary juice out like sugarcane may be closer on the horizon.
or sugarcane he said. Brown added that with genetic studies and improvements there are other value-added opportunities for sorghum grain.
Professor Edward Cocking Director of The University of Nottingham's Centre for Crop Nitrogen fixation has developed a unique method of putting nitrogen-fixing bacteria into the cells of plant roots.
when he found a specific strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in sugar-cane which he discovered could intracellularly colonise all major crop plants.
Applied to the cells of plants (intracellular) via the seed it provides every cell in the plant with the ability to fix nitrogen.
Plant seeds are coated with these bacteria in order to create a symbiotic mutually beneficial relationship and naturally produce nitrogen.
which have established proof of principal of the technology in the laboratory growth rooms and glasshouses.
and pressure created by the steam were sufficient to kill not just living microbes but also spores and viruses.
#New non-GM technology platform for genetic improvement of sunflower oilseed cropscientists have developed techniques for the genetic improvement of sunflowers using a non-GMO based approach.
The new technology platform can harness the plant's own genes to improve characteristics of sunflower develop genetic traits
which will improve its role as an important oilseed crop. The work was led by Dr Manash Chatterjee an Adjunct Faculty member of Botany
Among oilseed crops sunflowers are one of the most important sources of edible vegetable oil for human consumption worldwide.
Sunflower and other oilseed crops are the source of the vast majority of vegetable oil used for cooking and food processing.
Over the centuries the sunflower has been cultivated for traits such as yield. However along the way many useful genetic variations have been lost.
This new technology allows us to pinpoint key genetic information relating to various useful traits in the sunflower including wild sunflower species. It gives us a method to quickly create variability for further breeding to enhance the quantity quality and natural
Seeds Argentina. NUI Galway Phd student Anish PK Kumar has been working on the technology platform development as a component of his Phd research studies.
At the same time the pathogens in wastewater such as viruses fungi and bacteria could destroy the algae themselves
Corn stover consists of the stem leaves and husk of the corn plant remaining after ears of corn are harvested.
The algae bloom and eventually die and decay removing oxygen from the water. The result is water too oxygen-depleted to support life.#
Working with cotton--a well-defined cellulosic material--as their model system the researchers applied PALM imaging in combination with a mathematical analysis they devised.
It was authored co by civil engineering postdoctoral researchers Jeryang Park and Heather Gall and by Rao and Dev Niyogi Indiana state climatologist and an associate professor in the Purdue Department of Agronomy and the Department of Earth
Boal said prairie chickens for example are not very likely to use cotton fields to nest in or for lekking (places where males aggregate to try to attract females to mate with).
battery electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf; hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles such as the Mercedes F-Cell scheduled to be introduced about 2014;
A typical BECCS system converts woody biomass grass and other vegetation into electricity chemical products or fuels such as ethanol.
But when vegetation is processed at a BECCS facility the CO2 emissions are captured and prevented from reentering the environment.
To make the process carbon negative researchers have proposed a BECCS co-fired power plant that runs on a mixture of fossil fuel (such as coal) and vegetation (wood grass or straw for example.
A percentage of the CO2 emissions would come from burnt vegetation. Therefore capturing and storing those emissions would be a net-negative process.
Biochar is a plant byproduct similar to charcoal that can be made from lumber waste dried corn stalks and other plant residues.
Heating vegetation slowly without oxygen--a process called pyrolysis--produces carbon-rich chunks of biochar that can be placed in the soil as fertilizer.
Using computer models Moreira found that from 1975 to 2007 ethanol production from sugar cane in Brazil resulted in a net-negative capture of 1. 5 metric tons of CO2 per cubic meter of ethanol produced.
For seeds and fruit in particular bright color is thought to have evolved to attract the agents of seed dispersal especially birds.
and ultimately release its seeds over a wide geographic area. The fruit of this bastard hogberry plant was scientifically delightful to pick says principal investigator Peter Vukusic Associate professor in Natural Photonics at the University of Exeter.
Vukusic and his collaborators at Harvard studied the structural origin of the seed's vibrant color.
They discovered that the upper cells in the seed's skin contain a curved repeating pattern which creates color through the interference of light waves.
The team's analysis revealed that multiple layers of cells in the seed coat are made each up of a cylindrically layered architecture with high regularity on the nanoscale.
Imaging of root systems has until now largely been done in the laboratory using seedlings grown in small pots and containers.
and Penn State researchers uses digital photography to provide a detailed image of roots from mature plants in the field.
The roots are photographed then against a black background using a standard digital camera pointed down from a tripod.
The resulting images are uploaded then to a server running software that analyzes the root systems for more than 30 different parameters--including the diameter of tap roots root density the angles of brace roots and detailed measures
of lateral roots. Scientists working in the field can upload their images at the end of a day and have spreadsheets of results ready for study the next day.
In the future the system could allow scientists to study crop roots over an entire growing season potentially providing new life cycle data.
students in the MAE department to do the kind of basic forest fire combustion research that can move our predictive ability from the experiential realm to scientific mathematical models and longer-range computational predictions.
Technical Meeting Tulsa OK March 17-18 2014) Because the fuel for wildland fires is mostly in the undergrowth three species of shrub
the chamise bush; manzanita which can grow as a bush or small tree; and scrub oak a small tree.
A. Dahale; S. Ferguson; B. Shotorban; S. Mahalingam Effects of Distribution of Bulk Density and Moisture Content on Shrub Fires International J. Wildland Fire 22 (5) pp. 625-641 2013
) In a computer model we are using very small volumes of space on the order of one cubic millimeter on one end to a cubic meter on the other end he says.
Currently under study is the effect of shrubs as undergrowth in wildland fires and how proximity and wind can influence their combustion characteristics.
We light the shrub then figure out how much time it takes to burn out Dr. Mahalingam says.
S. Mahalingam Numerical investigation of stationary shrub fire in crosswind Paper 070fr-0073 presented at the 8th U s. National Combustion Meeting Salt lake city UT May 19
-22 2013) The UAH scientists are looking at how the interaction of fires in shrubs near each other can create energy hot spots in a conflagration.
Shrubs burned in controlled settings are being compared to computer modeled shrub fires to assess predictive qualities.
As you bring the shrubs closer together is the fuel being consumed faster and the energy created faster as a result?
We are interested in how the fire spreads from shrub to shrub what the interaction is and at what spacing and
It turns out that for cases with no wind you really have to get the shrubs close together for one to affect the other.
S. Mahalingam Flame merging in two neighboring shrub fires Paper 070fr-0198 presented at the 8th U s. National Combustion Meeting Salt lake city UT May 19
Roses blooming in December? Thanks to technology that the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Richard Vierstra has been developing for years these things may soon be possible.
when to germinate grow make food flower and even age. Like eyes the phytochrome is a light sensor that converts sunlight into chemical signals to get these jobs done.
when to flower says Vierstra. Plants use the molecule to sense where they are in the canopy;
and seeds becoming long and leggy as they reach for the sky. That process begins with the phytochrome
or to flower and make fruit. Based on the light available the phytochrome cycles between an inactive and active state.
Nesting on lowland heath such as parts of Sherwood forest and Thames Basin Heath it can be affected by development such as housing
and as part of the planning process developers must now provide data on presence and abundance of this species and provide mitigation plans to prevent their disturbance before planning applications will be considered.
Instead of an area set aside just for vegetation the approach calls for plants to be distributed in any available space in a deep-space habitat.
and retain students in science technology engineering and math or STEM. The competition is intended to link student design projects with senior
It is a concept for producing edible plants during long-term missions to destinations such as Mars. Heather Hava who is working on a doctorate in aerospace engineering sciences explains that the goal is to have robots do much of the monotonous tasks saving time
The SPOTS facilitate plants growing in a small custom-designed hydroponic growth chamber with computerized systems to monitor the vegetation's progress.
Additionally increasing the algae blooms would likely wreak havoc by decreasing the oxygen available for other marine life.
and use to meet their needs Dong said We originally thought this would look at seeds growing in a cube.
and disposable chips containing seeds that will grow into seedlings. Hundreds of the chips-in-mini-greenhouses can grow thousands of plants at the same time each greenhouse providing different environmental conditions.
As the plants within all those chambers grow a camera attached to a robotic arm takes thousands of images of cells seeds roots and shoots.
The images record traits such as leaf color root development and shoot size giving researchers clues to the relationship between a plant's genotype the growing conditions and the observable traits of its phenotype.
and Madan Bhattacharyya who's studying how fungal pathogens interact with soybean seeds at different moisture levels.
However lignin must be removed for biofuel pulp and paper production-a process that involves harsh chemicals and expensive treatments.
#New technique promises cheaper second-generation biofuel for carsproducing second-generation biofuel from dead plant tissue is environmetally friendly
when it comes to producing bioethanol from plant parts like corn or sugar canes. Corn cubs and sugar canes are in fact plant parts that can also be used directly as food so there is a great public resistance to accept producing this kind of bioethanol.
A big challenge is therefore to become able to produce bioethanol from plant parts which cannot be used for food.
The goal is to produce bioethanol from cellulose. Cellulose is very difficult to break down and therefore cannot directly be used as a food source.
Cellulose is found everywhere in nature in rich quantities for example in the stems of the corn plant.
and it is made on the basis of rice husks. My Iraqi colleagues have made the acid from treated rice husk.
The worldwide production of rice generates enormous amounts of rice husk and ashes from burning the husk so this material is cheap and easy to get hold of he says.
It's all about the acidthe ashes from burnt rice husks have a high content of silicate
and this is the important compound in the production of the new acid. The scientists paired silicate particles with chlorosulfonic acid and this made the acid molecules attach themselves to the silicate compounds.
The result was an entirely new molecule--the acid RHSO3H --which can replace the enzymes in the work of breaking down cellulose to sugar explains Per Morgen.
Making the new acid3 grams of ash from burned rice husk were mixed with 100 ml of caustic soda (Naoh) in a plastic container.
Glossophaga soricina a nectar bat feeding on the flowers of a banana plant. Nectar feeding bats comprised one of three evolutionary optima for mechanical advantage among New world Leaf-nosed bats.
Nectar feeders have very low mechanical advantage--a trade-off for having long narrow snouts that fit into the flowers in
Morphological diversity among New world Leaf nosed bats with different diets. Nectar: A) Platalina genovensium B) Glossophaga soricina;
#Electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness power of evaporating watera new type of electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness the untapped power of evaporating water according to research conducted at the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired
The prototype generators work by harnessing the movement of a sheet of rubber coated on one side with spores.
or a freshly fallen leaf curls and then straightens when humidity rises. Such bending back and forth means that spore-coated sheets
or tiny planks can act as actuators that drive movement and that movement can be harvested to generate electricity.
Specifically he had characterized how moisture deforms materials including biological materials such as pinecones leaves and flowers as well as human-made materials such as a sheet of tissue paper lying in a dish of water.
Sahin collaborated with Mahadevan and Driks on one of those studies. A soil bacterium called Bacillus subtilis wrinkles as it dries out like a grape becoming a raisin forming a tough dormant spore.
The results which they reported in 2012 in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface explained why.
Unlike raisins which cannot reform into grapes spores can take on water and almost immediately restore themselves to their original shape.
In fact spores would be particularly good at storing energy because they are rigid yet still expand
Since changing moisture levels deform these spores it followed that devices containing these materials should be able to move in response to changing humidity levels Mahadevan said.
When Sahin first set out to measure the energy of spores he was taken by surprise. He put a solution thick with spores on a tiny flexible silicon plank expecting to measure the humidity-driven force in a customized atomic force microscope.
But before he could insert the plank he saw it curving and straightening with his naked eye.
and the spores had responded. I realized then that this was extremely powerful Sahin said. In fact simply increasing the humidity from that of a dry sunny day to a humid misty one enabled the flexible spore-coated plank to generate 1000 times as much force as human muscle
and at least 10 times as much as other materials engineers currently use to build actuators Sahin discovered.
In fact moistening a pound of dry spores would generate enough force to lift a car one meter off the ground.
To build such an actuator Sahin tested how well spore-coated materials such as silicon rubber plastic
Then he built a simple humidity-driven generator out of Legosâa miniature fan a magnet and a spore-coated cantilever.
but it could be improved by genetically engineering the spores to be stiffer and more elastic.
Indeed in early experiments spores of a mutant strain provided by Driks stored twice as much energy as normal strains.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011