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Synopsis: Plants:

Pushed into coastal waters in wartime during the Tang Dynasty, these boat dwellers weren't allowed to set foot on land until the second half of the 20th century.

and seaweed-draped lines anchored in shallow seas by ancient peoples like the Tankas. The most advanced methods of mass production employ harmful antibiotics

There are no more infertile stretches of asphalt sprawled over our urban rooftops but an expanse of vegetation

The practice of biomimicry already taps into nature's ingenuity oe for example, the famous hexagonal skin of Norman Foster's Gherkin was inspired by the Venus Flower Basket sponge,

Think of how trees share common technologies (leaves, trunk, roots) adapted to different kinds of environments

and using a range of resources. For example, needle-leaved Canadian evergreens make the most of scant sunlight

and their leaf litter feeds the acidic soils that nurture networks of microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria,

which in turn, enriches the food for the trees. In the near future, we will begin to tap into the technological potential of this metabolic diversity

archaeologists Arlen and Diane Chase slogged through the thick undergrowth in the west of Belize in search of an ancient city

often requiring a machete to clear a path through the dense vines and creepers that blocked their way.

and study forests and other vegetation. He suggested they give it a go. So, in 2009, the pair packed away their machetes

particularly those covered in dense vegetation. The technology has been used in a variety of ways over the last two decades,

Crucially, some of the laser light is also able to penetrate vegetation. So, in the case of areas covered in a forest canopy

These so-called"induced pluripotent stem cells  (otherwise known as ips cells) are in turn capable of making every cell in the body.

"That made us realize that we had probably the largest repository of potential stem cells,

As a first step, Ryder and a team of stem cell scientists have reprogrammed the skin cells from a northern white rhinoceroses named Fatu, one of seven still alive,

Armed with this code, they then need to find a way of engineering a regular pigeon's stem cells into behaving like a passenger pigeon's stem cells by mutating the genome.

To endow ordinary lab mice with these traits Church will try to partially rewrite the genomes of mouse stem cells.

However, he admits that creating a passenger pigeon from the stem cells of an ordinary pigeon would involve a massive scale up of the same technologies.

the woolly mammoth stem cells could be implanted besides an elephant embryo early in development, producing a chimera animal with some tissues made from elephant cells and others from mammoths.

British researchers have shown already that tobacco plants engineered to express more SBPASE grew 10%larger in a glasshouse.

Ismail and his team scoured the vaults of their institute's rice seed bank oe the world's largest with more than 110,000 varieties.

These people live in parts of the world where their diets are dominated by staples oe foods such as rice, wheat, cassava,

which has been engineered with genes from daffodils and bacteria to produce beta-carotene, a nutrient that the body can convert into Vitamin a.

so that they can identify how much seed, fertilizer, water, herbicides and pesticides different areas require. At first the appeal was that farmers would save money

Some scholars fear that this is breeding a generation of readers who wont have the attention span to get through oethe Catcher in the Rye

Poppy, which starts at $198. Beyond that, Coach has added more bags at lower price points

#Student in Kenya Invents Solar Powered Forest fire Detector Kenya Forest Services workers use branches to put out a fire at Karura forest in Nairobi.

A Kenyan student has invented a device to automatically detect forest fire outbreaks. The technology, produced by Pascal Katana, a 24-year-old University of Nairobi engineering student,

which suffered widespread forest fires last year as a result of prolonged drought. oe2009 was the worst period for us in terms of fire outbreaks

what we in terms of technology and equipment to fight forest fires, he said. Fires in Kenya last year destroyed 11,370 hectares of bush and forest land.

Thirty-five percent of the already heavily deforested Mau Forest Complex was lost to fire, according to Noor Hassan Noor, an administrator in Kenyas Rift valley province.

Noor called the new fire reporting device a potentially useful part of Kenyas effort to keep forest fires in check. oethis is an interesting invention

which the government should support given the damage forest fires do to our ecosystems, he said.

Ultra high tech farms of the future will generate exotic half-plant, half-animal vegetation as well as crystalline plants, air plants,

we will someday be able to oetrain a tree to have its branches grow into the shape of end tables,

Once these unusual branches are fully grown, farmers can walk up to the tree and harvest the rocking chairs by cutting them down,

and optimize their operating capacities to produce energy and water and by proxy vegetation. This sense of collaboration is echoed in the team of people behind the proposal:

Lanng rests his Macbook on a tree-stump table in front of him. For the last seven months, he and a dozen or so other coders have been building an e-invoicing company called Porta.

Insurance and real-estate magnate Eli Broad has become an influential funder of stem-cell research;

Renaissance s roots are in Moscow, where Jennings maintains his primary residence, and his business strategy involves positioning the firm to capture the investment flows between the emerging markets, particularly Russia, Africa, and Asia.

Over that past week I ve had the great honor of working with both the good people at the North dakota Bankers Association in Bismarck, ND and the good people at Rabobank in Napa,

Or, if introduction of a new GM corn variety designed to be resistant to herbicide-resistant weeds can be stopped,

each targeting weeds that are resistant to the other, and the corn being resistant to both.

Throughout North dakota, little yellow flowers dot thousands of miles of roadsides. These canola plants, found along most major trucking routes, look harmless.

Part of that delusion is not realizing that for opposition to GM CROPS often doesn t stem from opposition to new technology at all.

Ohio State s six-wheel, thirty-thousand-pound Terramax was brought up short by some bushes;

In the wrong light, they couldn t tell a bush from a boulder, a shadow from a solid object.

and bushes it should avoid, Thrun and Montemerlo simply drove it down the middle of a desert road.

most forms of genetically modified yeast, at the dizzying rate of more than 1, 500 a day.

On Wednesday, Amyris announced another milestone#a memorandum of understanding with Brazil s largest low-cost airline, GOL Linhas Aereas, to begin using a jet fuel produced by yeast starting in 2014.

Much of the early hype surrounding this technology was about biofuels#the dream of engineering colonies of yeast that could produce enough fuel to power whole cities.

Reengineering yeast Since it was founded a decade ago, Amyris has become a legend in the field that sits at the intersection of biology and engineering,

Their first target was yeast. The product of millions of years of evolution, the single-celled organism was capable of a miraculous feat:

Could they tinker with some genes in the yeast to create a biological machine capable of producing medicine?

an ancient herbal remedy found to be more than 90 percent effective at curing those infected with malaria.

It is harvested from the leaves of the sweet wormwood plant, but the supply of the plant had fluctuated sometimes in the past, causing shortages.

Now scientists in a lab in Denmark believe they ve created a type of vanilla flavoring produced by yeast that they say will be more satisfying to the palate and cheaper at the same time.

#oeneither brewer s or baker s yeast is identical to yeast in the wild. I m comfortable that if beer is natural,

#The oldest joke in the automotive world is the one about the loose nut between the gas pedal and the steering wheel.

and pumped to the roots of crops via sub surface drip irrigation hosing. A2wh http://a2wh. com/Developed by Joe Ellsworth in Seattle,

One doctor claims that a fern extract, containing the compound polypodium leucotomos, can act as such.

He cites a human study showing less sun damage to the skin of those who were administered the active ingredient

But the solution may have been found in stem cells: Scientists in multiple countries are trying to figure out how to get them to produce the correct tissues and structure for the given situation on demand.

The price tag for the main trunk alone would be $90 billion, Salter estimated, which is $500 billion in today s dollars.

#Proposal to Eliminate Forest fires Completely Futurist Thomas Frey: Over the past few days I ve been listening to news reports about the devastating fires burning in Colorado.

Drones specifically designed for extinguishing forest fires have the potential to eliminate virtually 100%of the devastating fires that blanket newspaper headlines every summer.

Naturally there s a downside to eliminating forest fires altogether so how should we proceed? The True Cost of Forest fires In 2012 the U s. Forest Service had a budget of $948 million for fire suppression, a decrease of nearly $500 million from 2011.

In the U s.,wildfires burned an average of 6. 9 million acres per year from 2002-2011,

A 2010 report titled#oethe True Cost of Wildfire in the Western U s.#published by the Western Forestry Leadership Coalition challenged traditional methods for calculating the cost of forest fires.

I can only assume today s technology is hundreds of times more precise than anything we were working with back then. 2007 NASA image of forest fires in California The above photo was infrared taken with thermal imaging sensors on NASA s Ikhana unmanned research

That same technology could be adjusted to detect forest fires at a very early stage. Thermal image of Boston Bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev hiding in a boat Massachusetts State Police released video taken of Boston bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev s

grows cassava and a kind of leafy spinach in a field she leases. While she consumes some of the produce,

roses. Greenhouse operations, packed with Dutch and Israeli technology, have taken root in Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia.

Tens of thousands of workers carefully harvest the flowers, package them into attractive bouquets, and then bar-code them, before they re flown to Europe

and the United states. Growers can afford to pay relatively high wages because their products command high prices internationally.

however, is evolving to allow more small-scale flower growers to participate. In Kenya, Wilmar Agro Limited acts as an intermediary for more than 2000 small flower farmers,

whose goods it then sells at Dutch flower auctions. 3. International demand for Africa s crops is soaring Global prices for African cocoa,

cotton, and even green beans are at or near historic highs. Cocoa, the key ingredient in chocolate, commands double

what it did in the 1990s, which means the farmers in Ghana who grow it are together collecting $2 billion annually.

Europe s surging demand for fresh vegetables and cut flowers has been a windfall for African farmers.

#In Zambia, for instance, one in five cotton farmers and one in 20 vegetable farmers have achieved now#oecommercial success PDF,#reports Steven Haggblade of Michigan State university and his colleagues.

Africa s#oeforgotten#crops, including cassava, sunflower seeds, and cowpeas, have in the last two decades rapidly expanded in production, bringing unexpected benefits.#

Consider cassava, a protein-rich root that in Latin america goes by the name manioc or tapioca and

whose heartiness has earned it the nickname#oethe Rambo of crops.##In Nigeria alone, output tripled from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s to reach 45 million metric tons per year, according to figures from the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.

Each additional million metric ton is enough to meet the cassava needs of 22 million Africans.

One reason for the cassava miracle has been the ongoing breeding of improved varieties that are more resistant to disease, pest, and drought.

Dried cassava is increasingly being turned into an easily stored flour called gari in West Africa, that is convenient to cook

and bake with and wildly popular. Experts expect even greater expansion through improved technology. The Gates foundation is funding tens of millions of dollars of cassava-related research.

One project, led by the Donald Danforth Plant science Center, in St louis, is genetically engineering the vegetable to contain more iron and beta-carotene.

aims to raise cassava productivity through genome-based breeding, looking at the variations in the plant s DNA to more quickly identify those strains and traits with the potential to boost yields.

The case of cotton in Burkina faso highlights biotechnology s potential. Breaking ranks with other governments in the region, Burkina approved genetically modified cotton several years ago,

and by 2011 about half of the cotton grown in this West african country was bioengineered. Yields went up,

spending on pesticides and fertilizer went down, and total income roughly doubled. Even if cotton remains the only GM crop in Africa,

the benefit to farmers could still be huge. Most African cotton farmers grow other crops,

sometimes planting them between rows of cotton. So if they can spend less to grow more and better cotton

these other crops should benefit, too. 7. Government support for food producers is getting better Everyone agrees that African farmers remain heavily inhibited by poor governance.

Farm extension services are notoriously inefficient. Irrigation schemes are practically nonexistent. Transport links are terrible; where proper roads do exist,

A parallel success occurred with cassava. Starting in the 1970s, researchers in Nigeria successfully bred varieties of cassava that are more resistant to pests

and disease, mature faster, and are lower in cyanide. Now Nigeria is the world s top producer of cassava.

Felix Nweke, an international cassava expert, has described the transformation as#oean important scientific success story.#

#Targeted subsidies to farmers, which have long been accepted in Europe, the United states, and parts of Asia, are also becoming more common in Africa, thereby raising farmer incomes and output.

and hybrid seeds at a steep discount resulted in record harvests. The country quickly went from shortage to surplus;

Here, hearty cassava is a natural choice. Indeed, hotter temperatures and and less rain may actually result in higher cassava yields,

according to climate scientist Andy Jarvis, lead author of a 2012 paper in the journaltropical Plant Biology.

Colombia, found that cassava outperformed potatoes, maize, beans, bananas, millet, and sorghum in tests of 24 climate-prediction and crop-suitability models.

the technology has bestowed most of its benefits on agribusiness#almost always through crops modified to withstand weed-killing chemicals

This meant that farmers could kill off the majority of weeds with one herbicide rather than several,

including Monsanto s Bt cotton: a plant modified to produce a bacterial toxin that discourages destructive bollworms and cuts down on the need for pesticides.

At Rothamsted Research in Harpenden, UK, for example, scientists are working on GM plants that will need even less pesticide than Bt cotton,

Unlike Bt cotton and other existing GM organisms, such a crop would need no insect-killing chemical for protection from pests.

was published in the March 7 issue of Cell Stem Cell. If the inhibitor is equally effective in other animals,

animals and fungi, revolutionizing genetic engineering. The protein, called Cas9, is quite simply a way to more accurately cut a piece of DNA.#

Then you d create what s known as an induced pluripotent stem cell a cell that behaves much like one in an embryo.

this could be done by changing the genes of a human stem cell (in the case of a Neanderthal)

you will see that the area around that watering point looks as brown and devoid of vegetation as the top of this table,

I m not saying that seed production is not important, but basically, if part of this landscape s call is to support animals,

upon the current year s pattern of rainfall, pattern of poisonous weed growth, pattern of endangered species growth,

A magnetometer in the device worn on the cow s head determines the animal s angle of approach.

you can encompass a soil type, a vegetation situation, a poisonous plant, or whatever, much better than you can

#The Carson city Library Branch Anywhere in Nevada#oeprovides patrons at the Boys and girls Clubs of Western Nevada with access to current library materials, digital tools and librarian-educator programming.

#Seed Library STEM Programs for Youth include Science Saturdays, astronomy programs, and LEGO Robotics programs for youth.

and yard art Heirloom seed workshops including raising from seed, transplanting, saving your own seed Local History potluck series (once a month) local historians, Chautauqua speakers, etc.

Needlefelting Quilting Traditional Kentucky textiles#ag rug making, cornshuck mats, rug hooking, etc. Wheel-throwing classes (pottery) Hypertufa plant container making Soy candle making Adult miniaturist s clinic#sing Dremels,

Seed lending library Reading camp for struggling first grade readers ipad and e-Reader/Kindle classes Civil war re-enactment bivouac on back lawn, Dessert contest, scarecrow

The trunks, which we refer to as Ready 2 Read Goes Wild, utilize the Growing Up Wild curriculum with a focus on Montana wildlife.

We have developed trunks that feature ungulates, bears, owls, creepy-crawlies, water, and tracks. Each of the trunks includes between 15#20 books on the subject,(both fiction and non-fiction;

puppets; the Growing Up Wild curriculum guide; and wildlife resources, such as grizzly hides, elk antlers, deer hooves, a number of rubber tracks, skulls, and more.

there are now 30 of these trunks circulating throughout our state. They circulate just like any library material

#New jersey Medford/Pinelands Branch Burlington County Library System offers Storytime Yoga, which#oecombines storytelling with practice of yoga involves listening and literary skills, body awareness, creativity and imagination.#

Building on existing geolocation technologies, future swath control could save on seed, minerals, fertilizer and herbicides by reducing overlapping inputs.

Mesquite, Texas 139,615 84 Plano, Texas 263,122 84 Simi Valley, Calif. 123,942 84 North Las vegas, Nev. 215

and several of her colleagues also say they re here to put down roots. WHERE THERE ARE JOBS#Alex Summer, a software developer from Newberry,

and ranching operation is looking out on a deep green field of sunflower vetch corn clover buckwheat savannah grass and other crops.

Brown is among a growing number of farmers who use a suite of techniques to build soil's natural capacity to retain moisture discourage weeds and pests and nurture crops.

The lotus leaf on the other hand maintains its squeaky clean reputation with a waxy surface structure that repels water a property called superhydrophobicity.

and butterfly wings combine the low drag of shark skin with the superhydrophobicity of the lotus leaf putting these surfaces at the top of the list of nature-made self-cleaners.

We are investigating methods to fabricate rice leaf and butterfly wing-inspired films for applications requiring low drag self-cleaning

Bushan's study on rice leaves and butterfly wings was titled Bioinspired rice leaf and butterfly wing surface structures combining shark skin

When you look at a picture of a red flower on paper there is a pigment chemical that absorbs each color--green and blue for instance

Stem Cell Advance Reignites Ethics Debate A new stem cell discovery has reawakened controversy about human cloning though technical challenges mean scientists are far from being able to create human babies as in Michael

which is the same one used to create the cloned sheep Dolly in 1996.5 Wild Stem Cell Discoveries

But in clones the trophoblast cells frequently fail perhaps a domino effect from just a few genes going wrong said Jose Cibelli a stem cell researcher at Michigan State university.

These cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (ips cells) and their use is supported generally by anti-abortion groups such as the USCCB

and insert it in the place of the egg's original nucleus. Now that adult cell's genome can hum along in its new home creating stem cells without the mitochondrial defects present in its original form.

How Stem Cell Cloning Works (Infographic) That's neat because in one step you can technically get rid of that mitochondrial mutation Penn's Gearhart told Livescience.

The resulting embryonic stem cells could then theoretically be grown into adult cells to replace the ailing person's mutated cells.

My feeling is that it's sort of an unintentional step in that direction said Paul Knoepfler a stem cell researcher at the University of California Davis School of medicine.

and more broadly to enter STEM professions. And it stands out because of the social and environmental ramifications of human-powered vehicles which offer very tangible benefits to people in both developed and undeveloped nations.

First it removes foreign objects such as stems leaves and insects such as beetles from the grapes a capability that some wineries already possess in other optical approaches.

The netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific research (TNO) announced they ll build printers to reassemble pureed food to look like the original think 3d printed broccoli florets from pureed broccoli.

The process could potentially use stem cells. Industrial scale printing of meat could additionally use cells grown in an algae-based cell culture

Grasshoppers with a Side of Fungi (Op-Ed) Doug Turnbull is a hard-science-fiction writer.

Greens sprouts and even seaweed may help create a balanced diet. Indeed astronauts have grown successfully peas

In addition to providing a food source greenery offers the added benefits of converting carbon dioxide exhaled by settlers into oxygen essential for maintaining a long-term bio-regenerative life support system.

Fungi specifically mushrooms are excellent low-maintenance food sources that require little or no light.

The fungi could grow in compost created using waste material from other agricultural processes as well as sanitary waste.

Scientists have synthesized successfully meat using a 3d printer to align stem cells from animals in laboratory Petri dishes creating both hamburger

In combination with Gum arabic (hardened sap obtained from the acacia tree) it can also delay the ripening of bananas.

Gum arabic can also be used on its own to enhance the shelf life and postharvest quality of tomatoes.

One of these considers the junction where the branch of a tree meets the trunk.

These map layers show characteristics like the vegetation soils bodies of water and climate of protected areas and this information is combined with Street view imagery videos photos

It will also allow consumers to make informed decisions on the products they buy as the map can show where a pulp

Plants grown in the hydrogel membrane spread their roots throughout the top of the film.

the fast-growing weed with a small genome favoured by many plant biologists as a model system,

However, Bush's work-around was deemed later illegal in federal court. Polar-bear protection: The US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed on 22 october to designate around 500,000 square kilometres of critical habitat 96%of which is sea ice for the polar bear.

Cellulosic ethanol producers are trying to generate fuel from biomass such as leaves and branches. These feedstocks have the advantage that they are plentiful

Samples of wild plants will now be conserved alongside existing stores of domesticated seeds (such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen.

and has indicated also that it will not broaden its definition of noxious weeds, a class of plants that falls under its regulatory purview,

its output second only to that of the United states. Fermenting the sugars in the country s abundant sugar cane produced a motor fuel that lowered carbon dioxide emissions,

Forty-one of the country s roughly 400 sugar-cane ethanol plants have closed over that time.

Rather than developing new plantations, the industry fell back on harvesting cane from older less-productive sites,

technical director and acting president of UNICA, Brazil s sugar-cane industry association, the government knows that the situation is unsustainable.

second-generation ethanol, produced from the tough cellulose in plant stalks. Cellulose is difficult to break down and ferment,

In December last year, the Brazilian Development Bank launched a 1-billion-real (US$481-million) credit line to stimulate research and development in cellulosic biofuels and other advanced sugar-cane technologies.

The Center for Sugarcane Technology, an industry-sponsored organization based in S £o Paulo has taken up a 357-million-real loan to build a cellulosic ethanol plant next year,

which would use waste plant matter from conventional sugar-cane fermentation.""We can double fuel yield per hectare

"Nothing shall compete with conventional sugar-cane ethanol until 2050

Obama rekindles climate hopesthroughout his reelection campaign, US President Barack Obama rarely said the words climate change.

who used the progeny of Monsanto seeds to sow his land for eight seasons. The company says that by not buying seeds for each generation,

from seeds to microbes, prompting them to revisit terminator-like technology.""If I were at Monsanto and

but bypassed the company by purchasing seed for a late-season crop from a grain elevator known to contain Monsanto s transgenic seed.

they have little recourse to prevent someone from buying seed or a cell culture or a transgenic animal and using it to generate thousands more to sell again at a fraction of the original price."

"Once you have sold the first seed, you are done, says Hans Sauer, deputy general counsel for intellectual property at the Biotechnology industry Organization, a lobby group in WASHINGTON DC.

a seed that could be harvested for food but would not produce offspring. The controversial proposal raised concerns that it would make farmers dependent on industry for their livelihood.

There are alternatives to making sterile seeds (see Terminator, the sequel. One tactic would be to switch off the transgene of interest in seeds,

so that they could grow into new plants but would not pass on the benefits of the engineered trait.

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