Plant parts

Leaf (12)
Plant organ (4)
Plant part (4)
Plant tissue (8)
Reproductive structure (57)
Root (35)
Spore (18)
Stalk (77)

Synopsis: Plants: Plant parts:

Think of how trees share common technologies (leaves, trunk, roots) adapted to different kinds of environments

and using a range of resources. For example, needle-leaved Canadian evergreens make the most of scant sunlight

and their leaf litter feeds the acidic soils that nurture networks of microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria,

These so-called"induced pluripotent stem cells  (otherwise known as ips cells) are in turn capable of making every cell in the body.

"That made us realize that we had probably the largest repository of potential stem cells,

As a first step, Ryder and a team of stem cell scientists have reprogrammed the skin cells from a northern white rhinoceroses named Fatu, one of seven still alive,

Armed with this code, they then need to find a way of engineering a regular pigeon's stem cells into behaving like a passenger pigeon's stem cells by mutating the genome.

To endow ordinary lab mice with these traits Church will try to partially rewrite the genomes of mouse stem cells.

However, he admits that creating a passenger pigeon from the stem cells of an ordinary pigeon would involve a massive scale up of the same technologies.

the woolly mammoth stem cells could be implanted besides an elephant embryo early in development, producing a chimera animal with some tissues made from elephant cells and others from mammoths.

Ismail and his team scoured the vaults of their institute's rice seed bank oe the world's largest with more than 110,000 varieties.

These people live in parts of the world where their diets are dominated by staples oe foods such as rice, wheat, cassava,

so that they can identify how much seed, fertilizer, water, herbicides and pesticides different areas require. At first the appeal was that farmers would save money

Some scholars fear that this is breeding a generation of readers who wont have the attention span to get through oethe Catcher in the Rye

#Student in Kenya Invents Solar Powered Forest fire Detector Kenya Forest Services workers use branches to put out a fire at Karura forest in Nairobi.

we will someday be able to oetrain a tree to have its branches grow into the shape of end tables,

Once these unusual branches are fully grown, farmers can walk up to the tree and harvest the rocking chairs by cutting them down,

Lanng rests his Macbook on a tree-stump table in front of him. For the last seven months, he and a dozen or so other coders have been building an e-invoicing company called Porta.

Insurance and real-estate magnate Eli Broad has become an influential funder of stem-cell research;

Renaissance s roots are in Moscow, where Jennings maintains his primary residence, and his business strategy involves positioning the firm to capture the investment flows between the emerging markets, particularly Russia, Africa, and Asia.

Part of that delusion is not realizing that for opposition to GM CROPS often doesn t stem from opposition to new technology at all.

#The oldest joke in the automotive world is the one about the loose nut between the gas pedal and the steering wheel.

and pumped to the roots of crops via sub surface drip irrigation hosing. A2wh http://a2wh. com/Developed by Joe Ellsworth in Seattle,

But the solution may have been found in stem cells: Scientists in multiple countries are trying to figure out how to get them to produce the correct tissues and structure for the given situation on demand.

The price tag for the main trunk alone would be $90 billion, Salter estimated, which is $500 billion in today s dollars.

grows cassava and a kind of leafy spinach in a field she leases. While she consumes some of the produce,

and Israeli technology, have taken root in Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia. Tens of thousands of workers carefully harvest the flowers,

Africa s#oeforgotten#crops, including cassava, sunflower seeds, and cowpeas, have in the last two decades rapidly expanded in production, bringing unexpected benefits.#

Consider cassava, a protein-rich root that in Latin america goes by the name manioc or tapioca and

whose heartiness has earned it the nickname#oethe Rambo of crops.##In Nigeria alone, output tripled from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s to reach 45 million metric tons per year, according to figures from the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.

Each additional million metric ton is enough to meet the cassava needs of 22 million Africans.

One reason for the cassava miracle has been the ongoing breeding of improved varieties that are more resistant to disease, pest, and drought.

Dried cassava is increasingly being turned into an easily stored flour called gari in West Africa, that is convenient to cook

The Gates foundation is funding tens of millions of dollars of cassava-related research. One project, led by the Donald Danforth Plant science Center,

aims to raise cassava productivity through genome-based breeding, looking at the variations in the plant s DNA to more quickly identify those strains and traits with the potential to boost yields.

A parallel success occurred with cassava. Starting in the 1970s, researchers in Nigeria successfully bred varieties of cassava that are more resistant to pests

and disease, mature faster, and are lower in cyanide. Now Nigeria is the world s top producer of cassava.

Felix Nweke, an international cassava expert, has described the transformation as#oean important scientific success story.#

#Targeted subsidies to farmers, which have long been accepted in Europe, the United states, and parts of Asia, are also becoming more common in Africa, thereby raising farmer incomes and output.

and hybrid seeds at a steep discount resulted in record harvests. The country quickly went from shortage to surplus;

Here, hearty cassava is a natural choice. Indeed, hotter temperatures and and less rain may actually result in higher cassava yields,

according to climate scientist Andy Jarvis, lead author of a 2012 paper in the journaltropical Plant Biology.

Colombia, found that cassava outperformed potatoes, maize, beans, bananas, millet, and sorghum in tests of 24 climate-prediction and crop-suitability models.

was published in the March 7 issue of Cell Stem Cell. If the inhibitor is equally effective in other animals,

Then you d create what s known as an induced pluripotent stem cell a cell that behaves much like one in an embryo.

this could be done by changing the genes of a human stem cell (in the case of a Neanderthal)

I m not saying that seed production is not important, but basically, if part of this landscape s call is to support animals,

#Seed Library STEM Programs for Youth include Science Saturdays, astronomy programs, and LEGO Robotics programs for youth.

and yard art Heirloom seed workshops including raising from seed, transplanting, saving your own seed Local History potluck series (once a month) local historians, Chautauqua speakers, etc.

Needlefelting Quilting Traditional Kentucky textiles#ag rug making, cornshuck mats, rug hooking, etc. Wheel-throwing classes (pottery) Hypertufa plant container making Soy candle making Adult miniaturist s clinic#sing Dremels,

Seed lending library Reading camp for struggling first grade readers ipad and e-Reader/Kindle classes Civil war re-enactment bivouac on back lawn, Dessert contest, scarecrow

The trunks, which we refer to as Ready 2 Read Goes Wild, utilize the Growing Up Wild curriculum with a focus on Montana wildlife.

We have developed trunks that feature ungulates, bears, owls, creepy-crawlies, water, and tracks. Each of the trunks includes between 15#20 books on the subject,(both fiction and non-fiction;

puppets; the Growing Up Wild curriculum guide; and wildlife resources, such as grizzly hides, elk antlers, deer hooves, a number of rubber tracks, skulls, and more.

there are now 30 of these trunks circulating throughout our state. They circulate just like any library material

#New jersey Medford/Pinelands Branch Burlington County Library System offers Storytime Yoga, which#oecombines storytelling with practice of yoga involves listening and literary skills, body awareness, creativity and imagination.#

Building on existing geolocation technologies, future swath control could save on seed, minerals, fertilizer and herbicides by reducing overlapping inputs.

and several of her colleagues also say they re here to put down roots. WHERE THERE ARE JOBS#Alex Summer, a software developer from Newberry,

The lotus leaf on the other hand maintains its squeaky clean reputation with a waxy surface structure that repels water a property called superhydrophobicity.

and butterfly wings combine the low drag of shark skin with the superhydrophobicity of the lotus leaf putting these surfaces at the top of the list of nature-made self-cleaners.

We are investigating methods to fabricate rice leaf and butterfly wing-inspired films for applications requiring low drag self-cleaning

Bushan's study on rice leaves and butterfly wings was titled Bioinspired rice leaf and butterfly wing surface structures combining shark skin

Stem Cell Advance Reignites Ethics Debate A new stem cell discovery has reawakened controversy about human cloning though technical challenges mean scientists are far from being able to create human babies as in Michael

which is the same one used to create the cloned sheep Dolly in 1996.5 Wild Stem Cell Discoveries

But in clones the trophoblast cells frequently fail perhaps a domino effect from just a few genes going wrong said Jose Cibelli a stem cell researcher at Michigan State university.

These cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (ips cells) and their use is supported generally by anti-abortion groups such as the USCCB

and insert it in the place of the egg's original nucleus. Now that adult cell's genome can hum along in its new home creating stem cells without the mitochondrial defects present in its original form.

How Stem Cell Cloning Works (Infographic) That's neat because in one step you can technically get rid of that mitochondrial mutation Penn's Gearhart told Livescience.

The resulting embryonic stem cells could then theoretically be grown into adult cells to replace the ailing person's mutated cells.

My feeling is that it's sort of an unintentional step in that direction said Paul Knoepfler a stem cell researcher at the University of California Davis School of medicine.

and more broadly to enter STEM professions. And it stands out because of the social and environmental ramifications of human-powered vehicles which offer very tangible benefits to people in both developed and undeveloped nations.

First it removes foreign objects such as stems leaves and insects such as beetles from the grapes a capability that some wineries already possess in other optical approaches.

The netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific research (TNO) announced they ll build printers to reassemble pureed food to look like the original think 3d printed broccoli florets from pureed broccoli.

The process could potentially use stem cells. Industrial scale printing of meat could additionally use cells grown in an algae-based cell culture

In addition to providing a food source greenery offers the added benefits of converting carbon dioxide exhaled by settlers into oxygen essential for maintaining a long-term bio-regenerative life support system.

Scientists have synthesized successfully meat using a 3d printer to align stem cells from animals in laboratory Petri dishes creating both hamburger

One of these considers the junction where the branch of a tree meets the trunk.

It will also allow consumers to make informed decisions on the products they buy as the map can show where a pulp

Plants grown in the hydrogel membrane spread their roots throughout the top of the film.

Cellulosic ethanol producers are trying to generate fuel from biomass such as leaves and branches. These feedstocks have the advantage that they are plentiful

Samples of wild plants will now be conserved alongside existing stores of domesticated seeds (such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen.

its output second only to that of the United states. Fermenting the sugars in the country s abundant sugar cane produced a motor fuel that lowered carbon dioxide emissions,

Forty-one of the country s roughly 400 sugar-cane ethanol plants have closed over that time.

Rather than developing new plantations, the industry fell back on harvesting cane from older less-productive sites,

technical director and acting president of UNICA, Brazil s sugar-cane industry association, the government knows that the situation is unsustainable.

second-generation ethanol, produced from the tough cellulose in plant stalks. Cellulose is difficult to break down and ferment,

In December last year, the Brazilian Development Bank launched a 1-billion-real (US$481-million) credit line to stimulate research and development in cellulosic biofuels and other advanced sugar-cane technologies.

The Center for Sugarcane Technology, an industry-sponsored organization based in S £o Paulo has taken up a 357-million-real loan to build a cellulosic ethanol plant next year,

which would use waste plant matter from conventional sugar-cane fermentation.""We can double fuel yield per hectare

"Nothing shall compete with conventional sugar-cane ethanol until 2050

Obama rekindles climate hopesthroughout his reelection campaign, US President Barack Obama rarely said the words climate change.

who used the progeny of Monsanto seeds to sow his land for eight seasons. The company says that by not buying seeds for each generation,

from seeds to microbes, prompting them to revisit terminator-like technology.""If I were at Monsanto and

but bypassed the company by purchasing seed for a late-season crop from a grain elevator known to contain Monsanto s transgenic seed.

they have little recourse to prevent someone from buying seed or a cell culture or a transgenic animal and using it to generate thousands more to sell again at a fraction of the original price."

"Once you have sold the first seed, you are done, says Hans Sauer, deputy general counsel for intellectual property at the Biotechnology industry Organization, a lobby group in WASHINGTON DC.

a seed that could be harvested for food but would not produce offspring. The controversial proposal raised concerns that it would make farmers dependent on industry for their livelihood.

There are alternatives to making sterile seeds (see Terminator, the sequel. One tactic would be to switch off the transgene of interest in seeds,

so that they could grow into new plants but would not pass on the benefits of the engineered trait.

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the branch of the agriculture department responsible for overseeing GM CROPS,

including sugar cane and maize (corn). But most of the biomass produced in agriculture and forestry lies unused in more-complex chains of sugars, for example lignin and cellulose.

The oldest joke in the automotive world is the one about the loose nut between the gas pedal and the steering wheel.

Wheat stem rust has the ability to turn a healthy-looking crop only one week away from harvest into a tangle of black stems Liang Qu the director of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme

From Kenya other countries may get the seeds through trade. But researchers aren't resting yet nor can they ever.

That's because they expect that wheat stem rust will eventually evolve resistance to these new wheats at

International atomic energy agency nuclear radiated biological mutant seed enhancement amplified evolutionary adapation production against wheat rust desease for Kenyan farmers.

Much of the wood used to make the pulp that's turned into paper is actually byproducts of wood used to make other items--a cobbled-together mush of regular wood woodchips sawdust and other wood detritus.

It had sustained some damage to its left forward wing root but the wing flaps were down

in order to avoid being sued by corporations like Monsanto in case of accidental seed distribution. They made the law

and can print with many more cell types including stem cells muscle cells and vascular cells. They also designed one printer to create both the synthetic scaffold and tissue in one fell swoop;

Science however has realized that Stem Cells from our babies work better and wonã¢Â#Â#t realize why until they read my paper.

#Japanese Scientist May have To Grow His Human Organs In American Pigshiromitsu Nakauchi is one of the most prominent stem-cell researchers in the world

which stem cells from one species are implanted in another which then grows an organ that can be harvested

back in 2010 he successfully induced a mouse embryo to grow a rat pancreas by using rat stem cells.

and implanting human stem cells. The pig embryos will then grow amazingly a human pancreas.

RYE ME IN! AND FLY ME OUT! MYTH THIS THROUGH! AND REEL ME IN! ON BERLIN TA LOU!

and global temperature where many of our foliage today thrived. Finally: Popsci. Really? A Picture of Hurricane Sandy?

Instead the FBI alleges Debeinong staff tried to steal the seeds and seedlings of the parent plants that companies crossbreed to create the seeds they sell to farmers.

Parent plants are much more valuable than the GMO seeds farmers buy. A farmer who plants a crossbred GMO corn crop could keep the resulting seeds

and replant them if she wanted. I mean technically she could because the seeds aren't sterile as is alleged often

but she would likely face legal repercussions.)However a crop grown from crossbred seeds will contain a mix of corn types most them inferior in quality.

Parent plants on the other hand breed true generation after generation carrying the traits companies engineered into them.

The sequences of parent plants'genes represent some of the companies'most important intellectual property.

and insects are suited perfectly for environments where you have dynamic obstructions he trees are moving the branches are moving.

Dr. Gee however has applied now successfully microct to visualize silicified conifer seed cones as old as 150 million years without cutting sawing

Because each specimen is precious the main goal of this research was to study the internal structure of fossil conifer seed cones without destroying

In the study Gee demonstrates how this technique allows the observation of internal features such as seeds vascular tissue and cone scales.

or tissues such as a row of seeds within a cone the natural pattern of growth was evident.

For example the described technique is used to develop tomatoes with resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus

The rapid greening response of the grassland to rainfall is seen easily as well as the response of an individual cholla cactus as its branches become erect due to the rainfall.

But now there is a lot of interest in using sorghum for other things such as growing sweet sorghum in areas where they grow sugarcane and growing biomass sorghum for bioenergy through combustion or cellulosic technology.

Sweet sorghum where you squeeze the sugary juice out like sugarcane may be closer on the horizon.

or sugarcane he said. Brown added that with genetic studies and improvements there are other value-added opportunities for sorghum grain.

Professor Edward Cocking Director of The University of Nottingham's Centre for Crop Nitrogen fixation has developed a unique method of putting nitrogen-fixing bacteria into the cells of plant roots.

when he found a specific strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in sugar-cane which he discovered could intracellularly colonise all major crop plants.

Applied to the cells of plants (intracellular) via the seed it provides every cell in the plant with the ability to fix nitrogen.

Plant seeds are coated with these bacteria in order to create a symbiotic mutually beneficial relationship and naturally produce nitrogen.

and pressure created by the steam were sufficient to kill not just living microbes but also spores and viruses.

#New non-GM technology platform for genetic improvement of sunflower oilseed cropscientists have developed techniques for the genetic improvement of sunflowers using a non-GMO based approach.

which will improve its role as an important oilseed crop. The work was led by Dr Manash Chatterjee an Adjunct Faculty member of Botany

Among oilseed crops sunflowers are one of the most important sources of edible vegetable oil for human consumption worldwide.

Sunflower and other oilseed crops are the source of the vast majority of vegetable oil used for cooking and food processing.

Seeds Argentina. NUI Galway Phd student Anish PK Kumar has been working on the technology platform development as a component of his Phd research studies.

Corn stover consists of the stem leaves and husk of the corn plant remaining after ears of corn are harvested.

The algae bloom and eventually die and decay removing oxygen from the water. The result is water too oxygen-depleted to support life.#

battery electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf; hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles such as the Mercedes F-Cell scheduled to be introduced about 2014;

Biochar is a plant byproduct similar to charcoal that can be made from lumber waste dried corn stalks and other plant residues.

Using computer models Moreira found that from 1975 to 2007 ethanol production from sugar cane in Brazil resulted in a net-negative capture of 1. 5 metric tons of CO2 per cubic meter of ethanol produced.

For seeds and fruit in particular bright color is thought to have evolved to attract the agents of seed dispersal especially birds.

and ultimately release its seeds over a wide geographic area. The fruit of this bastard hogberry plant was scientifically delightful to pick says principal investigator Peter Vukusic Associate professor in Natural Photonics at the University of Exeter.

Vukusic and his collaborators at Harvard studied the structural origin of the seed's vibrant color.

They discovered that the upper cells in the seed's skin contain a curved repeating pattern which creates color through the interference of light waves.

The team's analysis revealed that multiple layers of cells in the seed coat are made each up of a cylindrically layered architecture with high regularity on the nanoscale.

and Penn State researchers uses digital photography to provide a detailed image of roots from mature plants in the field.

The roots are photographed then against a black background using a standard digital camera pointed down from a tripod.

The resulting images are uploaded then to a server running software that analyzes the root systems for more than 30 different parameters--including the diameter of tap roots root density the angles of brace roots and detailed measures

of lateral roots. Scientists working in the field can upload their images at the end of a day and have spreadsheets of results ready for study the next day.

In the future the system could allow scientists to study crop roots over an entire growing season potentially providing new life cycle data.

and seeds becoming long and leggy as they reach for the sky. That process begins with the phytochrome

and retain students in science technology engineering and math or STEM. The competition is intended to link student design projects with senior

Additionally increasing the algae blooms would likely wreak havoc by decreasing the oxygen available for other marine life.

and use to meet their needs Dong said We originally thought this would look at seeds growing in a cube.

and disposable chips containing seeds that will grow into seedlings. Hundreds of the chips-in-mini-greenhouses can grow thousands of plants at the same time each greenhouse providing different environmental conditions.

As the plants within all those chambers grow a camera attached to a robotic arm takes thousands of images of cells seeds roots and shoots.

The images record traits such as leaf color root development and shoot size giving researchers clues to the relationship between a plant's genotype the growing conditions and the observable traits of its phenotype.

and Madan Bhattacharyya who's studying how fungal pathogens interact with soybean seeds at different moisture levels.

However lignin must be removed for biofuel pulp and paper production-a process that involves harsh chemicals and expensive treatments.

#New technique promises cheaper second-generation biofuel for carsproducing second-generation biofuel from dead plant tissue is environmetally friendly

when it comes to producing bioethanol from plant parts like corn or sugar canes. Corn cubs and sugar canes are in fact plant parts that can also be used directly as food so there is a great public resistance to accept producing this kind of bioethanol.

A big challenge is therefore to become able to produce bioethanol from plant parts which cannot be used for food.

The goal is to produce bioethanol from cellulose. Cellulose is very difficult to break down and therefore cannot directly be used as a food source.

Cellulose is found everywhere in nature in rich quantities for example in the stems of the corn plant.

and it is made on the basis of rice husks. My Iraqi colleagues have made the acid from treated rice husk.

The worldwide production of rice generates enormous amounts of rice husk and ashes from burning the husk so this material is cheap and easy to get hold of he says.

It's all about the acidthe ashes from burnt rice husks have a high content of silicate

and this is the important compound in the production of the new acid. The scientists paired silicate particles with chlorosulfonic acid and this made the acid molecules attach themselves to the silicate compounds.

The result was an entirely new molecule--the acid RHSO3H --which can replace the enzymes in the work of breaking down cellulose to sugar explains Per Morgen.

Making the new acid3 grams of ash from burned rice husk were mixed with 100 ml of caustic soda (Naoh) in a plastic container.

Morphological diversity among New world Leaf nosed bats with different diets. Nectar: A) Platalina genovensium B) Glossophaga soricina;

#Electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness power of evaporating watera new type of electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness the untapped power of evaporating water according to research conducted at the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired

The prototype generators work by harnessing the movement of a sheet of rubber coated on one side with spores.

or a freshly fallen leaf curls and then straightens when humidity rises. Such bending back and forth means that spore-coated sheets

or tiny planks can act as actuators that drive movement and that movement can be harvested to generate electricity.

Specifically he had characterized how moisture deforms materials including biological materials such as pinecones leaves and flowers as well as human-made materials such as a sheet of tissue paper lying in a dish of water.

A soil bacterium called Bacillus subtilis wrinkles as it dries out like a grape becoming a raisin forming a tough dormant spore.

Unlike raisins which cannot reform into grapes spores can take on water and almost immediately restore themselves to their original shape.

In fact spores would be particularly good at storing energy because they are rigid yet still expand

Since changing moisture levels deform these spores it followed that devices containing these materials should be able to move in response to changing humidity levels Mahadevan said.

When Sahin first set out to measure the energy of spores he was taken by surprise. He put a solution thick with spores on a tiny flexible silicon plank expecting to measure the humidity-driven force in a customized atomic force microscope.

But before he could insert the plank he saw it curving and straightening with his naked eye.

and the spores had responded. I realized then that this was extremely powerful Sahin said. In fact simply increasing the humidity from that of a dry sunny day to a humid misty one enabled the flexible spore-coated plank to generate 1000 times as much force as human muscle

and at least 10 times as much as other materials engineers currently use to build actuators Sahin discovered.

In fact moistening a pound of dry spores would generate enough force to lift a car one meter off the ground.

To build such an actuator Sahin tested how well spore-coated materials such as silicon rubber plastic

Then he built a simple humidity-driven generator out of Legosâa miniature fan a magnet and a spore-coated cantilever.

but it could be improved by genetically engineering the spores to be stiffer and more elastic.

Indeed in early experiments spores of a mutant strain provided by Driks stored twice as much energy as normal strains.

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