| Biodiesel (2) |  |
| Biogas (5) | |
These cities of the sea could use algal biofuel production and store energy from wind and the Sun. As designs improve oe
and use a fraction of the biogas to run the milk chiller. The rest could be used for cooking or lighting.
the slurry that comes out of the biogas can be used to fertilize grass and crops, he says.
Kisaalita found that farmers were convinced not that converting the biogas was worth the money. As an alternative, he developed a milk chiller that runs on propane,
now build me a biogas version, and wean me off of propane.''He now has a pilot up
And when you factor in climate change, limited fresh water supplies and competition for harvests from biofuel makers, it is clear the world faces a major challenge.
In 2011 more corn went to biofuel than to feed for the first time in the US. Another big pressure is climate change.
Can you imagine producing a sustainable biofuel that doesnt impact on world food supplies? Charlie Paton, Michael Pawlyn and Bill Watts can
which can be turned into biofuel for transportation and other needs. Commercial Synergies The Sahara Forest Project team tell us that the innovative interaction between the two technologies helps each to function more efficiently:
And still others make biofuel, a renewable energy source usually made from corn.##oeyou can now build a cell the same way you might build an app for your iphone,
Much of the early hype surrounding this technology was about biofuels#the dream of engineering colonies of yeast that could produce enough fuel to power whole cities.
and so far the biofuels have been used only in smaller projects, such as local buses and Amyris s experiment with GOL s planes.
there s no guarantee of success. India s Emami Biotech had grand plans to open a US $80 million biofuel plantation in Ethiopia,
and primitive algae has resulted in drug and biofuel companies such as Amyris and LS9. But figuring out how to make changes in the genomes of more complicated organisms has been tough.
Field studies have shown that the methane-consuming cultures grow just as well on waste biogas which includes contaminants such as sulfides as on pure methane.
The mandated levels of biofuel production in the United states will increase to 53 billion litres in 2011 about 8%of the country's total fuel consumption
Around 90%of the biofuel will come from conventional corn ethanol next year, with the remainder coming from biodiesel and other advanced biofuels.
however, the US Environmental protection agency pulled back the 2011 requirement for cellulosic biofuels from 946 million to 25 million litres,
and a lack of financing to scale up basic research and development (see'Biofuel blues',left). The US Department of energy has supported biofuels through research grants,
including $30 million for research into next generation biofuels announced last week, but has yet to finalize any loan guarantees for companies wanting to build pilot plants.
Although industry officials say that the programme's requirements for granting loans are too burdensome,
but instead to facilitate responsible use of all energy sources from oil and coal and natural gas, to nuclear and hydropower and biofuels, to wind and Solar energy development, economic growth,
cio Lula da Silva, described his country s biofuel boom in March 2007. Back then, Brazil was the poster child of ethanol fuel,
Biofuels are falling from grace around the world as critics charge that devoting millions of hectares of agricultural land to fuel crops is driving up food prices
and that the climate benefits of biofuels are modest at best. But the fall has been hardest in Brazil,
leaving biofuels less competitive. On the very night that current President Dilma Rousseff gave the closing speech of the Rio+20 conference in June the final agreement
Now, Brazil hopes to tap into a new biofuel source: second-generation ethanol, produced from the tough cellulose in plant stalks.
In December last year, the Brazilian Development Bank launched a 1-billion-real (US$481-million) credit line to stimulate research and development in cellulosic biofuels and other advanced sugar-cane technologies.
says Brett Lund, former head of intellectual property for the biofuels group of Syngenta, an agri-giant headquartered in Basel, Switzerland."
Ethanol and other biofuels, including certain petrol and diesel substitutes, can be produced from simple sugars, usually by fermentation.
and a University of Wisconsin spin-off firm, Glucan Biorenewables, is already using GVL to make furans, a different kind of biofuel.
"There is great potential for it to help overcome some of the most vexing problems associated with biofuels,
and therefore valuable supplies of biomass across the globe by reducing the need for biofuels Based on our analysis this freeing up of biomass is one of the key system-wide consequences of electrifying transport says Mccollum.
and to meet an anticipated demand for biofuels--requiring more and more fertilizer. Even if anthropogenic NOX emissions were globally zero avoiding critical load exceedance at all national parks would require a 55%reduction of anthropogenic NH3 emissions their report states.
The oils are also for industrial processes such as making soaps cosmetics perfumes paints and biofuels.
helping Africans to irrigate cropscould algae that feast on wastewater produce clean biofuels and a healthful supply of fish food?
while dining on these pollutants the plant-like organisms could then be used to produce renewable biofuels or food for fish farms.
and thwart the plans to produce biofuels and fish food. With an initial EPA grant the student team tested 20 species of algae.
or biofuel production is the most economically viable use for algae grown in wastewater. Their faculty advisers are Edward Bouwer professor and chair of the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering and Michael Betenbaugh professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
and land use change and our energy choices (such as biofuels oil sands and shale gas). In this talk we discuss the drivers affecting water sustainability
This is especially true for the cellulase enzymes used to release fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass for the production of advanced biofuels.
Increasing the sugar yields from cellulosic biomass to help bring down biofuel production costs is essential for the widespread commercial adoption of these fuels.
The enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars has been the Achilles heel of biofuels a key economic bottleneck says chemical engineer Harvey Blanch one of the leaders of this research.
and agricultural waste advanced biofuels represent a sustainable nonpolluting source of transportation fuel that would also generate domestic jobs and revenue.
A recent report from the National Research Council stressed the need for advanced biofuels if the United states is to significantly reduce its use of fossil fuels in the coming decades.
which in turn will help reduce biofuel production costs. The technique also has applications beyond biofuels. Our technique takes us toward a much more complete understanding of how enzymes work on solid surfaces Blanch says.
With this technique we should be able to tell where any enzyme binds to a solid material
Hydrogen is one of the most important biofuels of the future. Zhang and his team have succeeded in using xylose the most abundant simple plant sugar to produce a large quantity of hydrogen that previously was attainable only in theory.
Other processes that convert sugar into biofuels such as ethanol and butanol always have energy efficiencies of less than 100 percent resulting in an energy penalty.
the use of alternative fuels like biofuels electricity and hydrogen; and strong government policies to overcome high costs and influence consumer choices.
Each combines highly efficient vehicles with at least one of three alternative power sources--biofuel electricity or hydrogen.
and biodiesel are the only biofuels to have been produced in commercial quantities in the U s. to date the study committee found much greater potential in biofuels made from lignocellulosic biomass
greener concrete with biofuel byproductskansas State university civil engineers are developing the right mix to reduce concrete's carbon footprint
biofuel byproducts. The idea is to use bioethanol production byproducts to produce a material to use in concrete as a partial replacement of cement said Feraidon Ataie doctoral student in civil engineering Kabul Afghanistan.
They are finding success using the byproducts of biofuels made from corn stover wheat straw and rice straw.
which is produced biofuel from inedible material such as wood chips wheat straw or other agricultural residue.
and grain to make biofuel. Corn ethanol's byproduct--called distiller's dried grains--can be used as cattle feed
We have been working on applying viable biofuel pretreatments to materials to see if we can improve the behavior
This has the potential to make biofuel manufacture more cost effective by better using all of the resources that are being wasted
and biofuel production Ataie said. If you use this in concrete to increase strength and quality then you add value to this byproduct rather than just landfilling it
and biofuel production. â#oeour research is aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms and genes by which CO2 represses stomatal pore developmentâ#says Schroeder.
and to improve plants'productivity and biofuel potential. Two articles published March 11 in The Plant Cell offer a step-by-step approach for studying plant traits drawing on comprehensive quantitative research on lignin formation in black cottonwood.
However lignin must be removed for biofuel pulp and paper production-a process that involves harsh chemicals and expensive treatments.
#Biofuel-to-hydrocarbon conversion technology licensedvertimass LLC a California-based start-up company has licensed an Oak ridge National Laboratory technology that directly converts ethanol into a hydrocarbon blend-stock for use in transportation fuels.
poplar wood and corn stover into biofuels. The technology could also supply a source of renewable jet fuel required by recent European union aviation emission regulations.
#New technique promises cheaper second-generation biofuel for carsproducing second-generation biofuel from dead plant tissue is environmetally friendly
The production of second generation biofuels thus becomes cheaper probably attracting many more producers and competition and this may finally bring the price down.
Can biofuels make a comeback? To be sure, biofuels have been around a long time--almost a century. At the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris, a clever engineer named Rudolf Diesel demonstrated his namesake engine with peanut oil.
The rest, they say, is history.)But in the age of cheap petroleum, biofuels could never really overtake gasoline as the fuel of choice.
And now, the popularity of solar and wind power suggest that the entire discussion is moot.
The CEO of Silicon valley startup Cobalt Technologies says ethanol fuel has given biofuels a bad rap
We are emerging to be one of the successes. The original concept was that we really need a better biofuel than ethanol.
How did you convince them that biofuels could be done? RW: You put a slide pack together
You're keen on biofuels; that much is clear. What's the potential market? RW: It's huge.
Nobody's been successful in the biofuels business because it's really hard. From a volume perspective, the fuels market is much better than the chemicals market.
and biofuels, which includesã Â cellulosic ethanol and biobutanol. BIOTECHNOLOGY The biomaterials group expects to see an estimated $1 billion in revenue by 2015.
BIOFUELS On the biofuels side, Dupont is working simultaneously on cellulosic ethanol--for which it has opened a demonstration plant--and biobutanol, for
To begin, Binetti offered a look at the global biofuels market. A quick summary of his points:
Biofuels are growing rapidly thanks to a large service economy. 2010 was a $50 billion marke. 2015 prediction:
The projected outlook for biofuels as a whole: Ã Â $100 to 200 million in pretax earnings by 2015,
when that rapid growth in biofuels takes place in the next decade. Photo: Anthony Masterson/Getty More from the 2011 Jefferies cleantech conference:
And better biofuels research, like re-engineering plants, so they do a better job of turning sunlight into fuels than current plants do.
and bacteria are the two most important biofuel technologies of the 21st century. As a replacement for oil, algae is extremely practical,
the cost of halophytic algae biofuel is less than the cost of petroleum trading at $70 per barrel or higher.
Timothy Wise recently cited biofuel production as a oedemand shock that consumes crop production and yields price increases.
And Nestle Chairman Peter Brabeck-Letmathe also cited rising production of biofuel and the high subsidies it receives as the direct cause of rising food prices. oethe only difference is that with the food market you need 2,
synthetic fuels, biofuels, electricity, hydrogen, etc. â agriculture and food production: engineered crops, pest control, fertilizers, etc. â environmental protection and remediation:
and so far, the most important category for land use change has come from biofuels policies. A few things that synthetic biology might bring to us in agriculture are:
and an optimal source of biofuel. For our health, we may see new ways to target infectious diseases
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011