Synopsis:
2.0.. agro: Cereals:
BBC 01170.txt
who cleverly bred wheat to be shorter but sturdier and better at producing the parts we eat.
When this happens, yields can improve by 15%in vital crops like wheat, rice and soybean.
researchers like Abdelbagi Ismail at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines are developing strains of rice that can flourish in flooded areas.
Ismail and his team scoured the vaults of their institute's rice seed bank oe the world's largest with more than 110,000 varieties.
They were looking for types of rice that survive on sketchy land, regardless of whether they produced low or high yields.
they then crossed this flood-tolerant strain with a high-yield strain of rice.""This form of breeding used to take 6-15 years,
Their submergence-resistant rice has been distributed to farmers in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines.
These people live in parts of the world where their diets are dominated by staples oe foods such as rice, wheat, cassava,
millet and maize oe that are high in calories but lack iron, zinc, Vitamin a and other micronutrients.
The best-known example of boosting nutrition in staple crops is golden rice, which has been engineered with genes from daffodils and bacteria to produce beta-carotene,
golden rice is still not available for general use. Some environmental groups, including Greenpeace, fear that this genetically modified strain could contaminate
and harm other vital rice strains. But rather than importing genes from another organism researchers are now trying to find maize strains that naturally produce high levels of beta-carotene.
the process has boosted concentration of beta-carotene in the corn from practically nothing to about 8 micrograms per gram oe around 53%of Harvestplus'target for the micronutrient.
The organisation expects to release corn that achieves that target in 3-4 years. What will really determine its success is
if farmers will regularly plant this orange corn in a region where people traditionally eat white corn with no beta-carotene.
and Melinda Gates Foundation, is releasing the fortified corn in Zambia, where more than half of children experience Vitamin a deficiencies.
"But with precise input management, farmers can also influence grain yield and efficiency. Â Some academics and sustainable farming advocates see this type of farming as one more push toward industrialising food production and making more farmers dependent on agribusiness.
In 2011 more corn went to biofuel than to feed for the first time in the US. Another big pressure is climate change.
impactlab_2010 01547.txt
a novella by Anne Rice published in 1991 as a paperback, illustrates some of the possibilities.
oethe Master of Rampling Gate comes with video interviews with Rice and others. Rice speaks about her inspiration for her works
and about the Gothic genre in which she writes. Within the text are links to Web pages that elaborate on events
Rice said in an interview. Vook (the name is a mash-up of oevideo and oebook) has published more than two dozen titles,
impactlab_2011 00573.txt
or a wheat molecules. We have other types of molecules that make up plants and animals,
impactlab_2011 00623.txt
Growing up on a grain farm in the little town of Mobridge, SD is an experience
of rice. These smart dust#particles, as he called them, could be used to monitor everything.
impactlab_2012 01297.txt
Or, if introduction of a new GM corn variety designed to be resistant to herbicide-resistant weeds can be stopped,
This new GM corn variety is a joint project between Dow and Monsanto containing resistance to different varieties of herbicide.
and the corn being resistant to both. I specifically use the word hope because the hope of Dow and Monsanto is that they will be able to stay one step ahead of the superweeds they hope don t develop,
impactlab_2013 00259.txt
a renewable energy source usually made from corn.##oeyou can now build a cell the same way you might build an app for your iphone,
impactlab_2013 00526.txt
but it still required a 45-minute drive through the corn fields and pumpjacks of rural Weld County.
They grew row crops-grain and corn,#oehad a couple of horses, occasionally had some cattle, but not usually,#Oster explained.
impactlab_2013 00857.txt
and rice from Thailand can be sold below cost, killing local production. The Italian, Brazilian, and Thai governments subsidize those goods,
its farmers now sell excess corn to neighboring Zimbabwe. To be sure, government remains the source of frustrating, even mind-boggling, difficulties.
expanded production of corn and other staples#nd been rewarded by bumper earnings.##oeuganda is now a food basket for East Africa,
Colombia, found that cassava outperformed potatoes, maize, beans, bananas, millet, and sorghum in tests of 24 climate-prediction and crop-suitability models.
Wheat from Kenya, maize from Zimbabwe, and fruits and vegetables from western and southern Africa adorned European tables.
Kenya, for instance, leads East Africa in dairy and wheat production, while neighboring Uganda produces surpluses of maize and other staples;
when Mrs. Baird became disconsolate at discovering that rats had broken into the family s sole remaining bag of corn.
impactlab_2013 00953.txt
For the nonprofit, conserving America s rivers meant growing America s barley, one of the primary ingredients in one of our favorite cold beverages
impactlab_2013 01009.txt
from apples that stave off discoloration to Golden Rice and bright-orange bananas fortified with nutrients to improve the diets of people in the poorest countries.
Putting the genes for this defense into wheat has created a crop that could trick the insects into thinking that they are in peril and drive them away.
impactlab_2013 01356.txt
transforming its grassland ecology as dramatically as the industrial quantities of corn and cattle being produced
impactlab_2014 00479.txt
As a young graduate student, Everett was studying one of the hottest innovations of the dayhybrid corn seed.
But the diffusion of innovations theory ultimately explains adoption of hybrid corn seed, why Elon musk first entered the electric car market by focusing on luxury cars,
impactlab_2014 00510.txt
Iowa, the country s largest corn and second-biggest soybean grower, could see 1, 200 more jobs and an economic impact topping $950 million in the next decade.
and analyzes the data collected on corn, soybean and other field crops. Farmersare going to be able to see things
a corn and soybean farmer in Calhoun County in central Iowa, purchased a drone in 2013 for $30, 000 that is already paying dividends on his 900-acre farm.
And last growing season he identified some areas where his corn stands were not strong enough,
Livescience_2013 01264.txt
and ranching operation is looking out on a deep green field of sunflower vetch corn clover buckwheat savannah grass and other crops.
According to USDA data farmers who used no-till methods on corn in 2010 were 30 percent less likely to receive an indemnity payment from the FCIP than conventional farmers.
Planting a mix of cover crops like winter wheat and hairy vetch increases soil nutrients and water retention and prepares the soil for the next planting rather than depleting it.
Instead it encourages profits for risky planting such as repeatedly planting corn or growing crops on marginal land that requires heavy use of chemical fertilizers that depletes soil health.
Livescience_2013 02307.txt
A recent study conducted by researchers at Ohio State university has found that rice leaves and butterfly wings make use of some unique surface characteristics that promote self-cleaning.
and engineering graduate student Greg Bixler shows that rice leaves and butterfly wings combine the low drag of shark skin with the superhydrophobicity of the lotus leaf putting these surfaces at the top of the list of nature-made self-cleaners.
The idea to look at rice leaves and butterfly wings came to the investigators from observing these structures in their natural habitats.
We noticed that water droplets on rice leaves and butterfly wings roll off effortlessly and that each remains clean in their respective environment says Bhushan.
and lotus leaves rice leaves and butterfly wings have special properties that make them particularly resistant to fouling.
Like shark skin rice leaves and butterfly wings exhibited low drag and self-cleaning properties.
Both rice leaves and butterfly wings contain micro -and nano-sized features that repel and direct water in one direction says Bixler.
By showing that rice leaves and butterfly wings combine antifouling properties of some of nature's best self-cleaners Bhushan and Bixler have identified new surfaces that can be used as engineering inspiration for a wide range of industries plagued by biofouling.
We are investigating methods to fabricate rice leaf and butterfly wing-inspired films for applications requiring low drag self-cleaning
Bushan's study on rice leaves and butterfly wings was titled Bioinspired rice leaf and butterfly wing surface structures combining shark skin
Livescience_2013 03282.txt
They can do this by following the grain of the ivory which shows which way the tusk grew.
Livescience_2014 01041.txt
and mizuna lettuce in space along with carbohydrate staples like wheat and rice. All would be likely choices as mainstay foods
Livescience_2014 01633.txt
and to accept a carbon source of corn-based sugar. The microorganisms feed on the plant-derived sugars and produce PHA.
Nature 00234.txt
two independent groups of researchers report that the technique can also be used to engineer herbicide-resistant corn and tobacco1,
Nature 00734.txt
Environmental groups are protesting after the Mexican government's 15 october approval of the first permits to plant experimental genetically modified (GM) maize (corn.
Nature 01906.txt
Tide turns against corn ethanol: Nature Newsbuffeted by the economic crisis and a drop in the oil price,
US producers of corn ethanol are encountering increasing scepticism from the legislators on Capitol hill even as producers of the'greener'cellulose-derived ethanol struggle to move beyond basic research and development.
Producers of ethanol from corn (maize) starch got what they needed out of a tax package enacted by the US Congress last week:
Among them was a one-year extension of a tax credit giving refiners nearly 12 cents of federal cash for every litre of corn ethanol they blend into gasoline.
Critics say the corn ethanol credit eats up scarce federal resources and puts cellulosic ethanol at a competitive disadvantage.
director of renewable energy policy for the Natural resources Defense Council in New york. There's a sort of belief in Washington that corn ethanol is one of these topics where everyone has to toe the line,
and promises to corn-growing country, just like they always have. Rumours of the tax credit's demise may be a little bit premature,
Around 90%of the biofuel will come from conventional corn ethanol next year, with the remainder coming from biodiesel and other advanced biofuels.
Nature 01919.txt
Nature Newsresearch Policy Events People Business Trend watch Research Crop catalogue A global search to gather the wild relatives of essential food crops such as wheat,
barley and rice has been launched by the Global Crop Diversity Trust, based in Rome. The ten-year initiative, announced on 10 december,
Nature 02517.txt
Switzerland, conducted the first field trials of maize (corn) containing engineered mini-chromosomes, and showed that the mini-chromosomes,
Nature 03923.txt
this has forced Brazil to import some 1. 5 billion litres of maize (corn) ethanol from the United states over the past 2 Â years.
Nature 04218.txt
but bypassed the company by purchasing seed for a late-season crop from a grain elevator known to contain Monsanto s transgenic seed.
Nature 04741.txt
that it would not regulate a herbicide-tolerant maize (corn) made using zinc-finger nucleases.
Nature 05194.txt
including sugar cane and maize (corn). But most of the biomass produced in agriculture and forestry lies unused in more-complex chains of sugars, for example lignin and cellulose.
popsci_2013 00407.txt
#Irradiated Seeds Combat World's Most Serious Wheat Diseasekenyan farmers last week got a first look at two new varieties of wheat that are resistant to the number-one threat to worldwide wheat production.
They got to see resistant and non-resistant wheat side by side in fields. The Kenyan government is also giving away the first batch of seeds six metric tons of it to seed producers in hopes their fields will serve as visual persuasion to their neighbors to try the new stuff.
Wheat stem rust has the ability to turn a healthy-looking crop only one week away from harvest into a tangle of black stems Liang Qu the director of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme
The story of how that wheat got made is a peek into the constant worldwide fight against crop diseases.
The new plants are designed to combat wheat stem rust a fungus that used to take out a fifth of the U s.'wheat crop at once during epidemics through the 1950s.
and the winner of the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize once nearly eradicated wheat stem rust by developing resistant wheat varieties.
But a generation later Borlaug's wheats don't work anymore. The rust has evolved. And as well as the new Kenyan wheats work now stem rust will evolve again.
In 1999 scientists first confirmed there was a new type of wheat stem rust that infected Borlaug's resistant wheats.
They called the new rust Ug99 after its confirmation year and country Uganda. Since then the rust which moves through the air has spread to Africa and the Middle east.
It affects 37 percent of all the wheat grown in the world the International atomic energy agency estimates.
Liang's program a collaboration between the United nations'Food and agriculture organization and the International atomic energy agency supported the Kenyan researcher who developed the new wheats.
To make rust-resistant wheats Miriam Kinyua a researcher at Eldoret University in Kenya sent wheat seeds popular with Kenyan farmers to the FAO/IAEA joint laboratories There the seeds got blasted
and tested the seeds for their Ug99 resistance ultimately coming up with two types of wheats that worked.
For small-scale Kenyan farmers planting new varieties of wheat is a better strategy than using fungicides
The FAO and the IAEA are excited pretty about these new wheats. They've put out press releases.
That's because they expect that wheat stem rust will eventually evolve resistance to these new wheats at
which point they'll have to create a whole new wheat variety to combat that rust.
The new wheats likely will work for three to five years Liang estimates. We have to keep an eye out he says.
Mutant wheat? Sounds like a grade B horror movie! Night of the Mutant Wheat! Joe:
We now know what's been killing off the bees but what about that family that died after eating that new Winderbread whole wheat bread?
popsci_2013 00933.txt
America is a net exporter of corn rice and wheat and other countries buy it. Saudi arabia is a net exporter of oil
and other countries buy it. See how that works? Food production technology continues to improve worldwide as does energy production.
popsci_2013 01048.txt
Especially when it comes to corn. As much as 88 percent of corn grown in the U s. is modified genetically.
But is that as bad as anti-GMO activists make it out to be? Over at Slate Jon Entine has a scathing critique of Elle magazine's nail-biting feature on genetically modified corn (categorized in the hair
and beauty section because uh sickness makes you ugly?)in which writer Caitlin Shetterly explores a diagnosis that her years of sickness were the result of an allergy to genetically modified corn.
The problem Entine points out is that the science to back up that claim just doesn't exist.
There has not been one study that links the genetically engineered corn or any approved genetically modified food on the market to allergies one of his sources plant geneticist Pamela Ronald told him.
and bacteria to deliver the genes into the corn so that it can produce Delta Endotoxin.
Bt-corn is a type of genetically modified organism termed GMO. A GMO is a plant
Examples of GMO field crops include Bt-potatoes Bt-corn Bt-sweet corn Roundup Ready soybeans Roundup Ready Corn
and Liberty Link corn. www2. ca. uky. edu/entomology/entfacts/ef130. aspsincerely-Joe www. joesid. comunfortunately nature is winning.
and Chemical Toxicology found that rats fed on a diet of 33 per cent NK603 corn
and Empmortakaten. www. businessinsider. com/monsantos-roundup-and-resistant-corn-found-to-be-toxic-2012-9sincerely-Joewww. joesid. comtangsten thank you for the link.
The study cited in the article was a 2-year toxicology study of rats fed Monsanto's Roundup-resistant NK103 maize (corn) and the herbicide Roundup.
www. businessinsider. com/monsantos-roundup-and-resistant-corn-found-to-be-toxic-2012-9it says:
Six French Science Academies Dismiss Study Finding GM Corn Harmed Ratshere is attached the link to the comment:
http://dotearth. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/10/19/six-french-science-academies-dismiss-study-finding-gm-corn-harmed-rats/?
âÂ#Âoethere has not been one study that links the genetically engineered corn or any approved genetically modified food on the market to allergies.
A study was published recently examining adverse effects of Bacillus thuringensis (aka the Bt toxin) that Monsanto builds into their corn and soy.
and Corn Offers Frightening Results www. nationofchange. org/first-long-term-study-released-pigs-cattle-who-eat-gmo-soy
-and-corn-offers-frightening-results-13723stunning Corn Comparison: GMO versus NON GMO www. momsacrossamerica. com stunning corn comparison gmo versus non gmoknown to Kill Cows Castrate Wildlife Induce Spontaneous abortion in Lab Rats...
And it's Likely in Your Water articles. mercola. com/sites/articles/archive/2012/07/19/gmo-corn-resulting-livestock-deaths. aspx?
e cid=20120719 dnl artnew 24 More Damning Studies on GMO Corn: 1. A 2008 long-term study commissioned by the Austrian Agency for Health and Food safety looked at how Monsanto s genetically modified corn currently eaten
and sold in the world today affects the fertility of mice. The mice which were fed the GMO corn had significantly lower fertility rates than the mice fed natural non-GMO corn.
Disturbingly this declining ability to have continued babies down through future mouse generations as well. ÃÃÚÂ Ã 2. A comparative analysis published in the International Journal of Biological sciences examined the health effects of three different varieties of Monsanto-developed GMO corn on mice.
While the specific effects differed depending upon the variety of GMO corn that was eaten the dose that was consumed
and the sex of the mammal all three varieties of GMO corn caused damage to the animals major detoxifying organs namely the liver and the kidneys.
Other effects were also found in the heart adrenal glands spleen bone marrow lymph nodes and other blood-making organsã¢Â#Âll of which are signs of severe toxicity. 3. This past year Food Chemical Toxicology published the results of a two-year study conducted by scientists at the University of Caen
Institute of Biology in France looking at the effects of genetically modified corn. The research showed that in both male
and female rats the death rates for the animals fed GMO corn was two to three times higher than the animals eating non-GMO corn.
and management company recently released a report that showed staggering nutritional deficiencies in GMO corn
when compared to non-GMO corn. For example while average non-GMO corn contains 6130 ppm of calcium GMO corn contains 14 ppm four hundred-and-thirty-seven times less than the original vegetable.
Non-GMO corn contains 113 ppm of magnesium and GMO corn contains 2 ppm which is fifty-six times less.
Non-GMO corn contains 14 ppm of manganese while GMO corn contains 2 ppm. Deficiencies in these vital nutrients are associated with increased rates of osteoporosis cancer and other diseases.
Monsanto s GMO corn is engineered to be immune to glyphosate-based weed-killers such as Monsanto s trademarked Roundupãherbicide used on crops and fields nationwide.
This saves farmers the trouble of having to till their soil and de-weed their fields first allowing them to bathe their lands with abundant amounts of glyphosate herbicides in the presence of corn without concern that their corn crops will be killed.
However this also means that modern corn is laced with extensive glyphosate residues that we eat on a regular basis. Research shows that regular long-term intake of glyphosate is linked to increased risks of gastrointestinal disorders obesity diabetes heart disease
depression autism infertility cancer and Alzheimer s disease. ÃÚ à The glyphosate-resistance of GMO corn has encouraged such an over-abundance of glyphosate-based herbicides to be dumped into the environment worldwide that nature has started to respond in kind with the evolution of âÂ#Âoesuperweeds.
âÂ# A report published by the National Academy of Sciences Board on Agriculture
and Natural resources found at least nine species of weeds that have evolved naturally to withstand glyphosate weed-killers.
Other studies are beginning to discover certain insects that are adapting to GMO corn s inherent insecticide abilities.
As nature starts to catch up to our laboratory antics the agricultural and economic advantages of GMO corn are starting to become obsolete
and are forcing farmers to dump even more varieties of toxic chemical herbicides and pesticides on our foods in order to stay ahead of nature s race.
GMO corn contains an extremely high level of formaldehyde a chemical linked to adverse health effects and various forms of cancer.
While one study found that 0. 97 ppm of formaldehyde is toxic to mammals GMO corn was found to contain 200 times that amount. these comments...
popsci_2013 01103.txt
That means the original grass or grain must be fed to a cow first and then the unused food value that remains in the blood of the calf after slaughter is available for meat production plus some additionally highly processed nutrients. 2) Amoral
popsci_2013 01299.txt
and corn (although keeping entire barns warm would be a problem) then butcher these animals for food
popsci_2013 02178.txt
or the ice ages we just barley got out of one and we are did lucky it not kick off a total snowball earth.
Popsci_2014 00466.txt
Earlier this month a federal court indicted a Chinese national for trying to steal GMO corn technology from Dupont Monsanto and Agreliant Genetics.
A farmer who plants a crossbred GMO corn crop could keep the resulting seeds and replant them
However a crop grown from crossbred seeds will contain a mix of corn types most them inferior in quality.
Popsci_2014 01145.txt
For centuries residents of Guiyu s four villages had scratched out a living farming rice along the Lianjiang River.
Popsci_2014 01175.txt
Normal wood is strong in the direction of the grain but weak in the cross direction.
ScienceDaily_2013 04773.txt
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour has enhanced a polymer material to make it far more impermeable to pressurized gas
Tour and his colleagues at Rice and in Hungary Slovenia and India reported their results this week in the online edition of the American Chemistry Society journal ACS Nano.
By adding modified single-atom-thick graphene nanoribbons (GNRS) to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) the Rice lab made it 1000 times harder for gas molecules to escape Tour said.
The researchers led by Rice graduate student Changsheng Xiang produced thin films of the composite material by solution casting GNRS treated with hexadecane and TPU a block copolymer of polyurethane that combines hard and soft materials.
Co-authors of the paper are Rice graduate students Daniel Hashim Zheng Yan Zhiwei Peng Chih-Chau Hwang Gedeng Ruan and Errol Samuel;
Rice alumnus Paris Cox; Bostjan Genorio a former postdoctoral researcher at Rice and now an assistant professor at the University of Ljubljana Slovenia;
Akos Kukovecz an associate professor of chemistry and ZÃ ltan KÃ nya head of the Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry both at the University of Szeged Hungary;
Rice senior faculty fellow Robert Vajtai; and Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
The Air force Research Laboratory through the University Technology Corp. the Office of Naval Research MURI graphene program and the Air force Office of Scientific research MURI program supported the research.
ScienceDaily_2013 05152.txt
and ten percent of all the stored grains worldwide mainly corn wheat sorghum rice and beans. Until five years ago the main fumigation technique and pest control inside warehouses
In Mexico companies with large grain and flour warehouses already use this technology. Thanks to this technological innovations and the business plan created with the help of the Mexico-United Estates Foundation for Science (FUMEC) the Mexican enterprise that had 10 employees in 2008 today counts with 73 permanent employees and 20
temps for gathering season and grain storage. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Investigaciã n y Desarrollo.
ScienceDaily_2013 05899.txt
Part of the reason for caring about all of that now is that up to this point sorghum has mostly been grown for grain.
and improvements there are other value-added opportunities for sorghum grain. It's not quite as nutritious as corn
but researchers are looking at it as a way to combat obesity. They are looking at compounds that will prevent you from absorbing all the nutrition in your food in the small intestine he said.
Another gene found shows that sorghum produces a huge amount of antioxidant in the outer layer of the grain.
ScienceDaily_2013 09175.txt
In the paper researchers from Rice's Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP) show two ways that solar steam can be used for sterilization--one setup to clean medical instruments
Sanitation and sterilization are enormous obstacles without reliable electricity said Rice photonics pioneer Naomi Halas the director of LANP
and lead researcher on the project with senior co-author and Rice professor Peter Nordlander. Solar steam's efficiency at converting sunlight directly into steam opens up new possibilities for off-grid sterilization that simply aren't available today.
Halas Rice's Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering professor of physics professor of chemistry and professor of biomedical engineering is one of the world's most-cited chemists.
Solar steam's efficiency comes from light-harvesting nanoparticles that were created at LANP by Rice graduate student Oara Neumann the lead author on the PNAS study.
The solar steam autoclave was designed by Rice undergraduates at Rice's Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen
Oden and Nordlander all of Rice. The research was supported by a Grand Challenges grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and by the Welch Foundation.
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