which would provide a slightly longer term supply of food heavy on the protein but then that would be gone say a few months after the sun stopped shining at
a rougue molecular cloud wandering into the Solar system. If it's a smallish one-maybe just a few times bigger than the heliosphere-we might not even see it coming until it was almost here.
The right amount of sodium ions present at a wound site allows for regenerative effects similar to those found in a Salamander.
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Power plants contribute one-third of this country's greenhouse gases so this is a good place to start.
The Supreme court has held several times that the Environmental protection agency can regulate greenhouse gases and that means you can control carbon dioxide emissions without passing any new laws.
Eliminating carbon would have such a negative economic effect that even a bubble-headed columnist in New york city will notice a personal drop in standard of living.
How about the green house gas which has the most impact on global warming. Know what it is?
You're too worried about your carbon foot print. And who cares? My SUV and the pollution of U s is compared nothing to the pollution output of Africa China Russia India
or a newspaper you are sequestering carbon. Ever time a hose is bulldozed and dumped in a landfill your sequestering carbon.
Old growth forests are not the source for these products wood is most commonly a farmed product. www. popsci. com/science/article/2013-04/solar-panels-now-make-more-electricity-they-use@adaptation. It was my understanding that solar panels only pay themselves off in a short period of time
As far as AGW proponents are concerned that means extra carbon burned in order to produce this non-carbon energy source.
After 30+years of this stuff the solar panels are just starting to break even on that front.
Water vapor accounts for 75%of all greenhouse gases. Sorry bud thats a fact. Man-made climate change is quite arrogant and convenient for climatologists.
and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxidehttp://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/04/130422154919. htmthese are opinion pieces not data sites.
We pump Billions of tons of carbon into the air annually and you don't think that'll have an effect?
Go look into the life cycles of those two gases. My favorite point of dishonesty is when people want to claim that volcanoes put our more CO2 than humans do
-Again pollution and greenhouse gas aren't always the same topic. Stop throwing them together.
Our production of CO2 is a pollution that adds to our overall greenhouse gas. It's a considerable amount of CO2
but CO2 is compared not considerable to other greenhouse gases.@-@bob I didn't read those links yet I am just addressing Frosttty atm.
Nuclear power has prevented already 64 gigatons of greenhouse gas emissions and would prevent the equivalent of another 80 to 240 gigatons again depending on
But the main point is that nuclear power is cleaner and greener than sources that belch carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
You don't seem to realize that there are only TWO events in all of history that actually spread any significant amount of radioactive particles into the atmosphere from nuclear reactors-Chernobyl
By contrast coal-fired power plants release higher quantities of radioactive isotopes directly into the atmosphere than even the oldest nuclear reactors ever did.
Radioactive particles especially Plutonium Strontium and Cesium are bioaccumulative extremely persistent and highly toxic. They travel long distances
Americans Want More Energy From Wind Solar Gasno fewer than two in three Americans want the U s. to put more emphasis on producing domestic energy using solar power (76%)wind (71%)and natural gas (65%.
%Least favored is coal with about one in three Americans wanting to prioritize its domestic production. www. gallup. com/poll/161519/americans-emphasis-solar-wind-natural-gas. aspxlistenup regardless of the tone
87%Natural gas: 89%Oil: 67%Nuclear power: 65%Coal: 56%In other words generally speaking Americans want to become energy independent through ALL THE resources at our disposal. http://www. gallup. com/file/poll/161525/Energy sources 130327. pdfthis is absolutely true
and greenhouse gases accumulate. Solar's DAY; if it is to have one is now.
and the nuke plants that create those isotopes or the ones that were built specifically for safer power generation
Plants would supply offpeak synfuel desalination EV charging and hot water ice making HVAC systems. By replacing expensive deadly and sickening destructive fossil fuels plant the rate of return on the investment to the nation as a whole in a kind of a FDR New deal would pay back at 40%per annum.
instead in the amount of radioactive carbon trapped in the annual growth rings of some of the world's oldest trees.
Carbon's key radioactive isotope carbon-14 forms when energetic particles enter Earth's atmosphere
and collide with nitrogen atoms. Since trees take in both carbon-14 and its stable relative carbon-12 the relative levels of carbon-14 in their growth rings give scientists a way of measuring the amount of high-energy particles entering Earth's atmosphere in a given year.
When analyzing two ancient Japanese cedars last year the scientists found that the amount of carbon-14 present in their 775 AD growth rings was shockingly large.
It's normal for levels of carbon-14 to fluctuate--they rise and fall on an 11-year cycle with the waxing and waning of solar flares.
But for the entire 3000-year record there are no other spikes as steep as the one in 775.
So what could have caused the massive burst of radiation and the high influx of energetic particles that led to the elevated levels of carbon-14 in the atmosphere?
At first two possibilities seemed the most likely: The radiation either came from an especially intense solar flare or the explosion of a nearby star.
Those rays would have created high-energy particles in our atmosphere which could then go on to form the carbon-14 present in such abundance in the Japanese cedars.
But in order to send out enough gamma rays to do the trick the supernova would have had to be bigger and brighter than other historical bright spots that were documented in fact.
When they found that neither solar flares nor supernovae could explain the carbon-14 anomaly they had found the researchers published their discovery
So the formation of radioactive isotopes isn't a steady process? This could cause us to change our assumptions about dating methods.
tree ring studies and sedimentary cores can often be used to identify variations in the atmospheric concentrations of whichever isotope is being used
if media reported scientific findings along with the limitations of the test/report/study/researchi for one was largely unaware of the limitations of carbon 14 dating until recently.
The carbon in mollusk shells is dissolved from calcium carbonate in water. Thus the measurement was an average of
when the carbon formed not the age of the animal. For this reason radiocarbon dating only works for organisms that obtain their carbon from air via carbon dioxide.
Even organisms that eat aquatic organisms should be calibrated to account for this (for example a seal that was dated to be 1400 years old.
because for this study the researchers had to be able to see how carbon-14 levels changed from one year to the next
Over the past 3000 years there have been 3 sharp spikes in carbon-14 levels over a short period of time.
and it turned out that the carbon-14 spikes occurred over a few years and could be explained by solar activity.
Yes they were measuring the carbon-14 in tree-rings but they weren't using the carbon-14 to tell them how long ago the event happened.
They were measuring the relative change in the isotope from one year to the next. As a side note that may interest@Bagpipes100:
the reason scientists amassed this giant carbon record from trees in the first place is so that they could find out how carbon-14 inputs changed over time
and then build a calibration curve to make radiocarbon dating more accurate. Before 12000 years that record consists of data from marine sediments.
This method not only allows scientists to get more accurate ages but also to say exactly how certain they can be.
All carbon-14 dates are given with a plus or minus x years. Emilyelert THANK YOU for the information!!!
Earlier this month a federal court indicted a Chinese national for trying to steal GMO corn technology from Dupont Monsanto and Agreliant Genetics.
And from Chemical & Engineering News: What's at stake here aren't the genetically modified seeds that farmers buy and plant.
Science Chemical & Engineering News. See also these court documents from December 2013 posted by NPR p
A chemical engineer he had spent years making plastics for all kinds of products but in 1992 he reversed course
The material will be scrubbed clean ithout chemicals nd granulators will break it down further to something approximating confetti.
and learned that chemical engineers earn the highest salaries. The University of Louisville charged only $265 a semester and had a good engineering program so he decided to go there.
He then moved to the Bay Area to work for Dow chemical on plastic composites including ones for the new stealth bomber.
Color Particle Sorter Plastic bits pour past a photoelectric detector which identifies those of a particular color say blue.
The detector signals an air gun which blasts any non-blue particles with air knocking them out of the waste stream.
and it s a carbon sink sequestering the carbon dioxide it absorbed during growth even after it s been turned into lumber.
Waugh Thistleton estimates that the wood in Stadthaus stores 186 tons of carbon while the steel and concrete for a similar conventionally built tower would have generated 137 tons of carbon dioxide during production.
When CLT is used to build high-rise towers the carbon savings can be enormous. The 186 tons of carbon locked into Stadthaus are enough to offset 20 years of its daily operations meaning that for the first two decades of its life the building isn t carbon neutral t is actually carbon negative.
Rather than producing greenhouse gases Stadthaus is fighting them. While firms like Waugh Thistleton have focused on the lower end of the high-rise scale others are designing radically taller buildings up to 40 or more stories.
The most recent proposal comes from Skidmore Owings & Merrill the firm behind some of the world s tallest skyscrapers including 1 World trade center and the Burj Khalifa.
If that unassuming building on a street corner in Shoreditch is actually a trap for hundreds of tons of carbon imagine an entire city of Stadthauses.
Structures that were once a major source of greenhouse gases could instead scrub them from the atmosphere.
So they designed a shell for a quadrotor that incorporated shock absorbers ubber dampers in between sections made from carbon fiber and plastic.
In 2010 coal oil and gas supplied more than 80%of the world's total primary energy supply
The EMF27 study shows that without policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions fossil fuels will remain the major energy source in 2100 with resulting increases in greenhouse gas emissions.
But where should policymakers focus their carbon mitigation efforts? Which technologies hold the most promise?
That would allow us to compensate for short term delays in mitigation by later taking carbon out of the atmosphere.
CCS is a yet-unproven technology that would remove carbon from fossil fuel or bioenergy combustion and store it underground.
In combination with bioenergy this results in carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (owing to the previous carbon uptake of plants through photosynthesis)
These papers touch on issues as diverse as climate policy land use and agriculture and non-CO2 greenhouse gases among others.
and gas supplies in the coming decades. However our study which compares long-term scenario results across a large suite of technologically-detailed models shows that fossil resource constraints are unlikely to limit greenhouse gas emissions in this century.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by International Institute for Applied Systems analysis. Note:
beera discovery at Rice university aims to make vehicles that run on compressed natural gas more practical. It might also prolong the shelf life of bottled beer and soda.
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour has enhanced a polymer material to make it far more impermeable to pressurized gas
and far lighter than the metal in tanks now used to contain the gas. The combination could be a boon for an auto industry under pressure to market consumer cars that use cheaper natural gas.
It could also find a market in food and beverage packaging. Tour and his colleagues at Rice
and in Hungary Slovenia and India reported their results this week in the online edition of the American Chemistry Society journal ACS Nano.
By adding modified single-atom-thick graphene nanoribbons (GNRS) to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) the Rice lab made it 1000 times harder for gas molecules to escape Tour said.
Because gas molecules cannot penetrate GNRS they are faced with a tortuous path to freedom he said.
The researchers acknowledged that a solid two-dimensional sheet of graphene might be the perfect barrier to gas
Tour's breakthrough unzipping technique for turning multiwalled carbon nanotubes into GNRS first revealed in Nature in 2009 has been licensed for industrial production.
But the overlapping 200-to 300-nanometer-wide ribbons dispersed so well that they were nearly as effective as large-sheet graphene in containing gas molecules.
and make it impermeable to gas Tour said. This becomes increasingly important as automakers think about powering cars with natural gas.
Metal tanks that can handle natural gas under pressure are often much heavier than the automakers would like.
He said the material could help to solve longstanding problems in food packaging too. Remember when you were a kid you'd get a balloon
That's because gas molecules go through rubber or plastic Tour said. It took years for scientists to figure out how to make a plastic bottle for soda.
Oxygen molecules get in through plastic and make the beer go bad. Bottles that are effectively impermeable could lead to brew that stays fresh on the shelf for far longer Tour said.
Akos Kukovecz an associate professor of chemistry and ZÃ ltan KÃ nya head of the Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry both at the University of Szeged Hungary;
and Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
or above a critical threshold for ecological damage according to a study published in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry
The environmental scientists experts in air quality atmospheric chemistry and ecology have been studying the fate of nitrogen-based compounds that are blown into natural areas from power plants automobile exhaust and--increasingly--industrial agriculture.
The vast majority 85 percent of nitrogen deposition originates with human activities explains principal investigator Daniel J. Jacob Vasco Mccoy Family Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering at the Harvard
and has become an international standard for modeling atmospheric chemistry over time. Actual levels of future nitrogen deposition will depend on a complex interplay of economic legal and environmental factors.
just as effective as other chemical compounds to eradicate harmful organisms in stored grains without negative effects.
and silos was the use of chemical substances such as aluminum phosphide and methyl bromide which were effective but left toxic residue for human consumption.
comparisons of the energy consumption greenhouse gas emissions and total cost of ownership for the medium-duty vehicles.
and emit about 40 percent less greenhouse gases than diesel trucks for about the same total cost taking into account both the purchase price
The research team took into account the sources of electricity used to charge the electric vehicles in evaluating greenhouse gas emissions.
In every state in the U s. electric trucks provided some reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with urban routes providing the most advantage.
Lithium-ion battery packs are expected to last the lifetime of the trucks as much as 150000 miles for the drive cycles tested.
or duty cycle application fleet operators could enjoy higher returns on investment while saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
and his team have completed the first comprehensive genomic analysis of the molecular changes behind that adaptation.
Halas Rice's Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering professor of physics professor of chemistry and professor of biomedical engineering is one of the world's most-cited chemists.
and studying light-activated particles. One of her creations gold nanoshells is the subject of several clinical trials for cancer treatment.
and exposed to sunlight the particles heat up so quickly they instantly vaporize water and create steam.
The team led by Rice chemist James Tour has built a 1-kilobit rewritable silicon oxide device with diodes that eliminate data-corrupting crosstalk.
When electricity passes through a layer of silicon oxide it strips away oxygen molecules and creates a channel of pure metallic phase silicon that is less than five nanometers wide.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
Semiconducting films for atom-thick circuitsscientists at Rice university and Oak ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have advanced on the goal of two-dimensional electronics with a method to control the growth of uniform atomic layers of molybdenum disulfide (MDS.
if large high-quality atomically thin MDS sheets could be grown in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace
Graphene and hbn are flat with arrays of hexagons formed by their constituent atoms. But while MDS looks hexagonal
when viewed from above it is actually a stack with a layer of molybdenum atoms between two layers of sulfur atoms.
and carbon atoms would bind. We're working on it he said. We would like to stick graphene
Our microscopy facility at ORNL allows us to see materials in a way they've never been seen before--down to the level of individual atoms.
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering and a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science chemistry and chemical and biomolecular engineering.
Yakobson is the Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and a professor of chemistry.
The expansion will mark Jove's eighth journal section after the recent additions of Jove Chemistry and Applied Physics.
Graphene consists of a single atomic layer of carbon arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Our first Science paper in 2008 studied the strength graphene can achieve
This our second Science paper reports on the strength of large-area graphene films grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
In its perfect crystalline form graphene (a one-atom-thick carbon layer) is the strongest material ever measured as the Columbia Engineering team reported in Science in 2008--so strong that as Hone observed it would take an elephant balanced on a pencil to break through a sheet
Currently scientists can grow sheets of graphene as large as a television screen by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in
In studying the processing techniques used to create their samples for testing they found that the chemical most commonly used to remove the copper substrate also causes damage to the graphene severely degrading its strength.
or ultrastrong composites that could replace carbon fiber. Or the researchers speculate a science fiction idea of a space elevator that could connect an orbiting satellite to Earth by a long cord that might consist of sheets of CVD graphene
since graphene (and its cousin material carbon nanotubes) is the only material with the high strength-to-weight ratio required for this kind of hypothetical application.
This is due to all the atoms in graphene being surface atoms so surface damage that would normally not degrade the strength of 3d materials can completely destroy the strength of 2d materials.
Graphene a single sheet of carbon atoms is the thinnest electrical conductor we know. With the addition of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide and other metal dichalcogenides we have all the building blocks for modern electronics that must be created in atomically thin form.
For example we can now imagine sandwiching two different monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides between layers of graphene to make solar cells that are only eight atoms thick--20 thousand times smaller than a human hair!
To study the material the researchers refined an existing technique to grow large symmetric crystals up to 100 microns across but only three atoms thick.
--and it would not have misaligned any atoms says Pinshane Huang a Phd student in the David Muller lab at Cornell and the paper's third lead author.
and saw lines of misaligned atoms. Once they knew where to find the grain boundaries
and saw that the single defective line of atoms at the grain boundaries could drastically change the key electronic and optical properties of the Mos2.
The structural modeling and electronic structure calculations were performed by the David Reichman lab in chemistry.
This team dubbed Algafuture is composed of undergraduates and graduate students from the departments of Geography and Environmental Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
Their faculty advisers are Edward Bouwer professor and chair of the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering and Michael Betenbaugh professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
Cellulose and starch have the same chemical formula Zhang said. The difference is in their chemical linkages.
Our idea is to use an enzyme cascade to break up the bonds in cellulose enabling their reconfiguration as starch.
or chemical reagents and does not generate any waste. The key enzymes immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles can easily be recycled using a magnetic force.
Additional resources were contributed by the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life sciences'Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research center the Shell Gamechanger Program and the U s. Department of energy Bioenergy Science Center along with the Division of Chemical sciences
The talks at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society focused on
and the nanogumbos materials--particles so small that 100000 could fit across the width of a human hair.
If even an early form of cancer were present the particles would accumulate in the abnormal tissue
Warner said that nanogumbos technology allows scientists to produce new nanoparticles in a focused way such that these particles are produced for specific uses from the beginning.
In chemistry a salt is a substance formed when an acid neutralizes a base. Organic substances are simply those containing carbon.
An example of an organic salt is one that forms when an organic acid reacts with
and on the development of many innovative methods over the course of his career Warner will receive the ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry sponsored by the Battelle Memorial Institute on April 9.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
& Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world s largest scientific society Nancy N. Rabalais Ph d. emphasized that oil spills like the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster claim a terrible toll.
The amounts of phosphorus fertilizer compounds in the Lower Mississippi have doubled and nitrogen compounds have tripled nitrogen over the last 50 years Rabalais said.
Rabalais pointed out that advances in chemistry and other fields do promise solutions. Fertilizers that stay in the soil and resist runoff for instance could have a big impact.
The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U s. Congress. With more than 163000 members ACS is the world s largest scientific society
and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
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and land use change and our energy choices (such as biofuels oil sands and shale gas). In this talk we discuss the drivers affecting water sustainability
Technological solutions to these problems that employ the latest developments in materials science chemistry biology and electronics are capable of greatly enhancing the performance of these systems.
William F. Banholzer1 Phd The Dow chemical Company Executive department 2030 Dow Center Midland MI 48674 United states 989-636-0718 mbiehler@dow. comdow
is a leader in purification separation and chemical technology with a longstanding legacy of technology innovation for improving water quality and utilization.
Communities throughout the world depend on Dow reverse osmosis membrane technology for desalination and water reclamation.
In addition new processes for chemical production have been deployed that dramatically reduce wastewater production helping to preserve freshwater resources.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length
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