Chemistry & chemical compounds

Chemical compounds (370)
Chemistry & chemicals (283)
Gases (218)
Organic compounds (81)

Synopsis: Chemistry & chemical compounds:

Meanwhile, Shell is preparing to anchor the world's largest floating offshore structure oe  the Prelude Floating Liquefied Natural gas facility oe  off Australia's northwest coast in 2014.

and will produce the natural gas equivalent of 100,000 barrels of oil per day. While few groups could afford to build a floating city capable of weathering such storms

And what is Shell going to do with Prelude once all the natural gas runs out? Â The infrastructure for a marine community will be waiting to be used.

which processes the city's rich chemical landscapes oe and it is no longer possible to tell which of these vibrant structures are artificial, or natural.

-which enables us to grow organisms that do not exist in nature by manipulating their DNA oe to create trees that produce a natural light-producing protein usually found in jellyfish.

Larsson's plan involves harnessing the metabolic powers of a sand-particle-fixing species of bacteria to produce sandstone

A key part of this grand ambition lies in the lines of test tubes frozen in liquid nitrogen in a Californian zoo.

the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, and found that it is optimised to catch and release oxygen molecules in the cold.

Scientists could go one step further and test woolly mammoth red blood cells made from ips cells, Poinar says.

and the lavish use of chemicals, the machinery sowing this new revolution includes supercomputers, molecular biology and arrays of sensors.

More than 100 different proteins play a role in photosynthesis interacting in countless different permutations, Long says.

For example, one potentially easy win they identified was to dial up production of just a single protein known as sedoheptulose bisphosphatase, or SBPASE.

they achieved a 20%increase in tobacco plants after adding a single cyanobacteria gene called inorganic carbon transporter B (Ictb.

Vitamin shakeincreasing the amount of food we produce is one thing. Producing nutritious food is another

Twelve year old Emma Teitgen thought the chemistry book her teacher recommended would make perfect bedside reading.

The 118 chemical elements, from hydrogen to ununoctium, came alive in vivid images that could be rotated with a swipe of the finger.

Multimedia could be a catalyst for spawning more reading. Vook does not disclose information about its finances or its payments to authors.

Efforts to curb forest loss around the world as a means of cutting carbon emissions just got a boost:

Metabolism is used a term to describe the various chemical reactions that take place in every cell of the body.

, National Association of Federal Credit unions, STAMATS, Bell canada, American Chemical Society, Times of India, Leaders in Dubai, and many more.

can be used for desalination. This way, up to 85%of the collected solar energy can be used. In conclusion the Sahara Forest Project works on many levels.

and sequestering substantial quantities of atmospheric carbon in new plant growth and reactivated soils. Surely this is a perfect example of the potential power of human and technological collaboration.

Critical to the growth of this mobile device market is the global supply of rare earth metals,

forming new compounds, and building a layer-by-layer aesthetically pleasing menu item with perfect texture and shape.

because the technology is shrinking in size until it reaches the particle size of dust.

to soil temperature, to chemical composition. More details here. 20. Personality Services Talking back and forth to a computer that has a machinelike voice is boring.

the physical and chemical transformation of these ingredients into new compounds; and finally their modeling into aesthetically pleasing and delectable textures and shapes.

the robotic chef handles the physical and chemical transformation of these ingredients into new compounds

Philips food printer Philips Food Creation#device has been inspired by the so-called molecular gastronomists. These are chefs who deconstruct food

a 3d molecular food printer that relies on the experimental molecular cooking technology. New designs for printed food The Molã culaire is based on the same layer-by-layer printing technique that arranges small particles from a set of ingredients.

Within minutes, it prints out three-dimensional desserts, complex structures, shapes for molecular dishes, and patterns for decorating a meal.

Virtually limitless food presentation styles and techniques According to Yanko Design, you simply insert a blister pack into the reservoir, place Molã culaire on top of a plate,

As an example, people in the future will be able to order a 13.2%fat cheeseburger with 2. 7 grams of potassium and 3. 6 grams of calcium, coupled with a hint of almond and banana flavoring, on a sesame seed

There is no such thing as a pork molecule#The labels we use today to describe our diets, labels such as vegetarian, Kosher, glucose free, vegan,

and lactose intolerant, will be replaced with new terminology as we determine, on a molecular level, which foods our body has a positive reaction to.

There are no such things as a pig molecules, or a fish molecules, or a wheat molecules.

We have other types of molecules that make up plants and animals, but on the molecular level there is no such thing as vegetarian and non-vegetarian molecules.

So in the future, will you be asking your spouse to go to the store and pick up a new kiwi and eggplant cartridge so you can print dinner tonight?

Those days may be coming sooner than you think. By Futurist Thomas Frey Author of Communicating with the Future#-the book that changes everything Via Futuristspeaker. com Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati c

#Tapping into the Secret Language of Plants Futurist Thomas Frey: Over that past week I ve had the great honor of working with both the good people at the North dakota Bankers Association in Bismarck, ND and the good people at Rabobank in Napa,

These smart dust#particles, as he called them, could be used to monitor everything. Acting like electronic nerve endings for the planet

to soil temperature, to chemical composition. Farmer s fields will be glowing with information. Whereas most have had the option in the past of selling rights#associated with the land water rights, mineral rights,

which are crucial to todays oil and gas exploration efforts. Agriculture is powered increasingly by software as well,

In some industries, particularly those with a heavy real-world component such as oil and gas, the software revolution is primarily an opportunity for incumbents.

For example, researcher and app developer Foodpairing has broken down flavor to its molecular components and has compiled databases that can match the flavor of those ingredients against other completely different ingredients.

#This understanding of the chemical elements of food could help people get healthier by subbing in something that tastes like milk chocolate

You can paint chemical sensors on a surface and when they detect a pattern, they give off a smell#you could make a rich paint with all sorts of sensors that mimic things that you like,

In the early 1800#s, The british chemist Humphry Davy invented the light bulb but it was a failure.

and Carbon-fiber Frames Plastic frames were tried back in the 90s, but they were too heavy.

But there are already planes in the air#made mostly of carbon fiber#that solve this problem. Carbon fiber is markedly stronger by weight than the aluminum used for most existing planes,

which means that the interior air pressure can be adjusted to more comfortable levels without the risk of damaging the fuselage.

but carbon fiber doesn t rust. That will allow a new system to maintain humidity at a more comfortable 15 percent (up from around 5 to 10 percent.

a psychiatrist and former British drug czar, has identified six compounds similar to benzodiazepines#a broad class of psychoactive drugs#that won t get you rip-roaring drunk

A Blood test for Depression This year, Eva Redei, a professor at Northwestern s Feinberg School of medicine, published a paper that identified molecules in the blood that correlated to major depression in a small group of teenagers.

and the chemicals used in fire extinguishers can be toxic (halons, the most effective chemical fire suppressant, create holes in the ozone layer.

So the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon has developed a hand-held wand that snuffs out fires, without chemicals.

According to the program s manager, Dr. Matt Goodman, an electric field destabilizes the flame s underlying structure rather than blanketing the fire to smother it.

We (in the form of the USDA) say yes to Dow chemical and Monsanto and their herbicide-drenched#version of intensive agriculture.

farming in the US heartland can be pushed toward a model based on biodiversity over monocropping, farmer skill in place of brute chemicals,

This new GM corn variety is a joint project between Dow and Monsanto containing resistance to different varieties of herbicide.

because the hope of Dow and Monsanto is that they will be able to stay one step ahead of the superweeds they hope don t develop,

invested in Monsanto, supports a high-tech vision of agriculture, rather than the low-tech, affordable, diverse, climate-resistant,

In 1998, African scientists at a United nations conference strongly objected to Monsanto s promotional GE campaign that used photos of starving African children under the headline Let the Harvest Begin.#

#Thousands of U s. farmers have been forced to pay Monsanto tens of millions of dollars in damages for the crime#of saving seed.

and the United states steer a different course than the one advocated by Gates, Monsanto, Dow,

to soil temperature, to chemical composition. 14.)Smart Contacts-The idea of smart#contact lenses, the kind that can superimpose information on the wearer s field of view has been around for a while.

Shown above is the Ion Protonsequencer, the first benchtop sequencer to offer fast (under 8 hours), affordable (under $1,

The limited amount of oil and gas remaining are utilised still as energy source, but will only be used in niche industries where its unique combustible elements are still in demand.

It can be made more wholesome as production can be controlled at the molecular level phasing out the crude genetic modification.

#And a few yards away in the laboratory, robotic arms mix together some compounds to produce the desired cells.

The rush to biological means of production promises to revolutionize the chemical industry and transform the economy,

as well as a gas used to make car tires. Other applications are being studied in the laboratory: biosensors that light up

Revenue from industrial chemicals made through synthetic biology is already as high as $1. 5 billion,

The algae produces a chemical compound which is converted by the coral into its own UV-blocking sunscreen,

if the compound can be isolated, it could potentially be modified into a human oral sunscreen that would protect both the skin and the eyes.

It will use a donut-shaped magnetic field to contain gases that will reach temperatures comparable to those at the core of the sun, in excess of 150 million degrees C (270 million F),

But his father s day job as a high school chemistry and physics teacher laid an unusual theoretical foundation for his son.#

The technology uses liquid nitrogen rather than liquid helium as a coolant, which lets the system run somewhere between 63 and 77 Kelvin (minus-321 to minus-346 Fahrenheit, the zone in

That s the breadth of a mechanical pencil lead. It represents a huge engineering challenge, Powell said,

#oewe no longer can afford to continue to pollute our skies with heat, chemicals and noise,

and slow lumbering slurry bombers that each dumped more than 2, 000 gallons of red chemical fire retardant on a formerly pristine mountainside.

a protein-rich root that in Latin america goes by the name manioc or tapioca and

the technology has bestowed most of its benefits on agribusiness#almost always through crops modified to withstand weed-killing chemicals

In 1996, for example, biotechnology firm Monsanto of St louis, Missouri, introduced the first of its popular Roundup Ready products:

a soya bean equipped with a bacterial gene that allows it to tolerate a Monsanto-made glyphosphate herbicide known as Roundup.

including Monsanto s Bt cotton: a plant modified to produce a bacterial toxin that discourages destructive bollworms and cuts down on the need for pesticides.

The key is an alarm pheromone that some species of wild plant have evolved to mimic the chemical warning signals put out by aphids#a major crop pest in the temperate zones

Unlike Bt cotton and other existing GM organisms, such a crop would need no insect-killing chemical for protection from pests.

Epigenetic regulation refers to the turning on and off of genes by molecules not the genes themselves.

For example, a series of cloned mice were shown to express an RNA molecule that inactivated one of the female s X chromosomes.

When the RNA molecule was removed cloning efficiency of the mice increased nearly ninefold. Based on previous work, the Japanese researchers sought to improve their cloning efficiency by using a chemical called trichostatin A that inhibits the powerful epigenetic protein histone deacetylase.

In an experiment that was begun in 2005 the inhibitor allowed them to produce 581 mice through 25 rounds of SCNT cloning.

#New protein discovery could change biotech forever The quest started with trying to make better yogurt.

Bacteria that uses a tiny molecular machine to kill attacking viruses could change the way that scientists edit the DNA of plants,

The protein, called Cas9, is quite simply a way to more accurately cut a piece of DNA.#

and interferon for multiple sclerosis and crops like Monsanto s Roundup Ready soybeans was based on relatively crude methods for inserting a gene from one organism into another.

a protein that had the ability to cut genetic material. Emmanuelle Charpentier of Umea University of Sweden had picked up hints of one likely protein.

At a scientific conference, she struck up a friendship with Jennifer Doudna, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at UC Berkeley.

They named the protein they found CRISPR-associated system 9#Cas9. In a paper published in Science last summer,

they found that the bacteria combined Cas9 with genetic material to create#oehoming molecules#that attack viruses.

Bacteria, like human beings and almost every other living thing, keeps its genetic code in a library of DNA molecules.

the organism copies the DNA into a related molecule called RNA. Cas9 can be paired with an RNA transcript to target a matching DNA sequence

and stopping your gas-powered lawnmower by grabbing the spark plug barehanded. What we did was cannibalize a Hotshot that some people buy

#Books on Wheels The Catalyst Cafã program#oebrings people together each month to talk about technology and how it can serve individuals, neighborhoods, nonprofits and small business.#

and how will achieving this milestone for ultra tiny storage particle change the tech industry?

which allows efficiently reprogramming unicellular life to make fuels, byproducts accessible from organic chemistry and smart devices.

manipulate chemicals, fabricate materials and structures, produce energy, provide food, and maintain and enhance human health and our environment.

They need to remove barriers for their competitors so they can join them in moving away from gas-fueled cars.

and ultimately it will need to be easier than owning a gas fueled car. In order for the laggardsthe most risk-averse group of allto come along,

not only promises to revolutionize the chemical industry but also transform the economy. Hundreds of products are already in the pipeline. 110.

Molecular Gastronomists 130. Bio-Meat Factory Engineers 131. Supply Chain Optimizers 132. Urban Agriculturalists Why ship food all the way around the world when it can be grown next door 133.

or growing crops on marginal land that requires heavy use of chemical fertilizers that depletes soil health.

210000 Workers to Cut Carbon Pollution. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.

#Cold war Nuclear Radiation Creates Anti-Poaching Tool (ISNS)--Radioactive carbon atoms created during 20th-century nuclear bomb tests could help save elephants

and other endangered species. A new study published in this week's issue of the journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that carbon-14 a radioactive version of the common carbon atom can be used to determine

Nuclear bomb testing Carbon-14 is produced naturally by cosmic rays interacting with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere.

But in the 1950s and 1960s the United states and the former Soviet union conducted hundreds of aboveground nuclear bomb tests that nearly doubled the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere.

and since then the concentration of carbon-14 has been steadily declining as natural processes remove it from the atmosphere.

and animals in the food chain absorb the carbon atoms explained study coauthor Thure Cerling a geochemist at the University of Utah.

An atomic time marker Scientists figured out long ago that by measuring the concentration of carbon-14 in tissue

and comparing it to recorded levels of atmospheric carbon-14 they could determine when that tissue formed.

The margin of error for the most recent years will increase as the carbon-14 concentration returns to their natural background levels.

or bone because those tissues continue to incorporate carbon over time Uno explained. What you really want is tissue that locks in the carbon as it grows

and is touched never again. That's why hair and horn and teeth and tusks are such good targets

Currently the radiocarbon test costs about $500 and takes about one month to complete. Uno estimates the technique should work for dating new tissue for the next 15 years or so by

which time carbon-14 is expected to drop to natural levels. In addition to helping combat poaching Cerling

what the animal was eating by adding data from stable carbon isotopes. Potential uses Samuel Wasser a conservation biologist at the University of Washington who did not participate in the study said the new study is a very important development

because the feathers contain nanometer-scale protein structures that break up incoming light waves recombine and reflect them as rich vibrant colors.

Scientists at the University of Michigan think they have a technology that emulates this process to display pictures without chemicals or electrical power.

Some of the colors in stained-glass windows at cathedrals like Notre dame are produced by the plasmons in tiny particles of gold reflecting light

When you look at a picture of a red flower on paper there is a pigment chemical that absorbs each color--green and blue for instance

it doesn't require any chemicals. Guo that said prints made this way would be permanent

and'60s spread a radioactive variety of carbon worldwide which was picked up by plants during photosynthesis

By looking at the levels of this carbon isotope known as carbon-14 in elephant tusks and ivory researchers can find out how old they are.

Isotopes are versions of elements that have differing numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Knowing the age of elephant tusks is important

A critical tool Atmospheric bomb testing caused a spike in carbon-14 that has declined slowly in the past 50 years.

By measuring the concentration of this type of carbon researchers are given two possible dates for the age of the sample before and after the spike on the curve of carbon-14 concentrations.

which are tiny organs within cells that convert the molecules in the food we eat into chemical energy the cell can use.

and generate no greenhouse gases. So what s theâ power source? Human muscles. These vehicles are powered by the students legs and sometimes arms.

(4100 kilograms) of greenhouse-gas emissions would be avoided. If 5 percent of the U s. population were to switch from automobiles to human-powered vehicles for most of their trips the aggregate difference would be a reduction of 31 million tons (28 million metric tons) of greenhouse

gases and a savings of more than 3 billion gallons (11 billion liters) of gasoline. It is true that this represents a small fraction of total U s. greenhouse-gas emissions

but it is a significant tonnage nonetheless. Â Studies have shown that people who commute by bicycle live longer

Well-preserved mammoths have been dug out of the Siberian tundra containing bone marrow skin hair and fat. If a living mammoth cell were found it could be grown in a lab

Beyond medical conditions TNO has proposed printing customised meals with varied levels of the basic food components like carbs protein and fat for everyone from seniors to athletes to expectant mothers.

Some suggest 3d printed meat could provide high quality protein for a growing global population without increasing stress on arable land

Soybeans provide basic proteins capable of sustaining human health. Greens sprouts and even seaweed may help create a balanced diet.

At least in the early years Red planet residents will not have access to fruits containing Vitamin c so they would have to rely on vitamins

just as astronauts do today. All of the above-mentioned crops can grow hydroponically to conserve space and resources.

Mushrooms provide essential nutrients including Vitamin d and Vitamin b-6. Easy to grow and harvest mushrooms are ingredients in many popular dishes.

The fungi could grow in compost created using waste material from other agricultural processes as well as sanitary waste.

While not popular in most European countries and the Anglo-sphere grasshoppers are a major source of animal protein in Asia Africa and South america.

when converting vegetable mass into protein as pigs and five times as efficient as cattle. In addition the husbandry associated with raising grasshoppers is compared relatively simple to that needed for cattle chickens

Perhaps in the future the list of 3d printed proteins would also include fish. NASA has experimented also with using 3d printers for making chocolate and even pizza.

Perhaps in the future the list of 3d printed proteins will include fish. While the exact forms that agriculture would take on Mars are still very much an unknown at least one thing is clear:

The use of natural biodegradable products as an alternative to synthetic chemicals has shown remarkable improvements in maintaining fruit quality

Our research at the Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology at Nottingham University s Malaysia Campus is making these natural products into nano-forms or submicron particles to control postharvest diseases.

Synthetic chemicals are used currently to control postharvest diseases but consumers worry about the chemical residues they leave on fruit their environmental impact

and the potential for pathogens to become resistant to them. Our research is a response to this developing more environmentally friendly and non-chemical approaches.

This includes packing food in containers that modify the atmosphere to prevent decay hot water treatment

or blanching and most importantly using natural biodegradable products as an alternative to synthetic chemicals. Once proper postharvest technologies are used efficiently food losses can be minimised and the problem of food insecurity alleviated.

#Forging Biodegradable Plastic From Methane and Plant Waste Molly Morse is chief executive officer of Mango Materials Inc. This article was prepared by the U s. National Science Foundation for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers

What if we could reduce greenhouse gas emissions while replacing up to 30 percent of the world's plastics with a biodegradable substitute?

Scientists at Stanford university and a Palo alto Calif.-based start-up company called Mango Materials have come up with a new way to make PHA from waste methane gas.

PHA is a biodegradable polyester that is produced naturally inside some bacteria under the conditions of excess carbon and limited nutrient availability.

and to accept a carbon source of corn-based sugar. The microorganisms feed on the plant-derived sugars and produce PHA.

Mango Materials'process uses bacteria grown in fermenters to transform methane and oxygen along with added nutrients (to supply excess carbon) into PHA.

After the products made from the PHA have reached the end of their useful life the plastic can be degraded anaerobically (without air) to produce methane gas.

Other processes use sugar as a carbon feedstock whereas Mango Materials uses waste methane which is considerably less expensive than sugar.

By using methane gas as the feedstock we can significantly drive down costs of production Morse says.

This article was prepared by the U s. National Science Foundation for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers

A new landmark study in the journal Science found that the U s. Environmental protection agency's (EPA) inventory of greenhouse gases is undercounting total U s. methane emissions by roughly 50 percent.

In the years immediately after it's released methane is a potent greenhouse gas. It causes 86 times as much global warming over a 20-year period as carbon dioxide the single largest contributor to climate change.

At the same time that the scientific community is finding evidence that methane is being undercounted the newly released draft version of the U s. EPA's national greenhouse-gas emission inventory presents data showing that methane emissions from natural gas

The new draft inventory also revised downward estimates for past years because of new information about reduced emission well completions (the process that gets natural gas to start flowing) and other voluntary mitigation steps received from companies.

This treatment of methane emissions from natural gas is difficult to reconcile with the new Science study by Adam Brandt of Stanford university

The EPA greenhouse gas inventory uses data from bottom up studies to develop emission factors for different components of the entire natural gas system from production (extraction from the ground) to processing transmission and distribution.

These emission factors are part of an attempt to calculate representative quantities of pollution released with each of the activities that make up the natural gas system.

The emission factor is multiplied by the number of well completions of each type to estimate their contribution to total emissions from the natural gas system.

A limitation of the bottom-up studies upon which the EPA inventory relies is a requirement that researchers obtain access to natural-gas operations.

The current oil and gas boom has been unleashed by a wave of technological innovation allowing for cost-effective directional drilling hydraulic fracturing and other emerging techniques like acidizing.

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